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Available in 23 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-23" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">23 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%80" title="গমাৰী – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="গমাৰী" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gmelina_arborea" title="Gmelina arborea – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Gmelina arborea" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gmelina_arborea" title="Gmelina arborea – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Gmelina arborea" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF" title="গামারি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="গামারি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gmelina_arborea" title="Gmelina arborea – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Gmelina arborea" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gmelina_arborea" title="Gmelina arborea – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Gmelina arborea" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gmelina_arborea" title="Gmelina arborea – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gmelina arborea" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gmelina_arborea" title="Gmelina arborea – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gmelina arborea" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gmelina_arborea" title="Gmelina arborea – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Gmelina arborea" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaina" title="Malaina – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Malaina" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jati_putih" title="Jati putih – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Jati putih" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B6%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%86" title="ಶಿವನೆ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಶಿವನೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BE" title="കുമ്പിൾ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കുമ്പിൾ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A3" title="शिवण – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="शिवण" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9A%E1%80%99%E1%80%94%E1%80%B1" title="ယမနေ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ယမနေ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" title="खमारी – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="खमारी" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamelina" title="Gamelina – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Gamelina" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gmelina_arborea" title="Gmelina arborea – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Gmelina arborea" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF_%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%81" title="గుమ్మడి టేకు – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="గుమ్మడి టేకు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD" title="ซ้อ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ซ้อ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B5i_th%E1%BB%8D" title="Lõi thọ – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Lõi thọ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gmelina_arborea" title="Gmelina arborea – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Gmelina arborea" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" 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arborea</i> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Gamhar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Gamhar.jpg/220px-Gamhar.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/Gamhar.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="245" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%"><i>Gmelina arborea</i> <a href="/wiki/Tree_plantation" title="Tree plantation">tree plantation</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Gmelina_arborea_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Gmelina_arborea_2.jpg/220px-Gmelina_arborea_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Gmelina_arborea_2.jpg/330px-Gmelina_arborea_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Gmelina_arborea_2.jpg/440px-Gmelina_arborea_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%"><i>Gmelina arborea</i> sapling from <a href="/wiki/Mindanao" title="Mindanao">Mindanao</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> </td></tr> <tr style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"> <th colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/Conservation_status" title="Conservation status">Conservation status</a></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg/220px-Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg/330px-Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg/440px-Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="137" /></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Least_Concern" class="mw-redirect" title="Least Concern">Least Concern</a> <small> (<a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN 3.1</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_status_19_November_2021_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn_status_19_November_2021-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Gmelina" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Plant" title="Plant">Plantae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vascular_plant" title="Vascular plant">Tracheophytes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">Angiosperms</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eudicots" title="Eudicots">Eudicots</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Asterids" title="Asterids">Asterids</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lamiales" title="Lamiales">Lamiales</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lamiaceae" title="Lamiaceae">Lamiaceae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Genus: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gmelina" title="Gmelina"><i>Gmelina</i></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Species: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="species"><i><b>G. arborea</b></i></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Binomial_nomenclature" title="Binomial nomenclature">Binomial name</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><b><span class="binomial"><span style="font-weight:normal;"></span><i>Gmelina arborea</i></span></b><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/William_Roxburgh" title="William Roxburgh">Roxb.</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Synonym_(taxonomy)" title="Synonym (taxonomy)">Synonyms</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><i>Gmelina arborea var. canescens</i> <small>Haines </small></li> <li><i>Gmelina arborea</i> var. <i>glaucescens</i> <small> C.B.Clarke </small></li> <li><i>Gmelina rheedei </i> <small>Hook. [Illegitimate] </small></li> <li><i>Gmelina sinuata</i> <small> Link </small><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p><i><b>Gmelina arborea</b></i>, (in English <b>beechwood</b>, <b>gmelina</b>, <b>goomar teak</b>, <b>Kashmir tree</b>, <b>Malay beechwood</b>, <b>white teak</b>, <b>yamane</b><sup id="cite_ref-Agroforestry_common_names_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Agroforestry_common_names-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ), locally known as <b>gamhar</b>, is a fast-growing deciduous tree in the family <a href="/wiki/Lamiaceae" title="Lamiaceae">Lamiaceae</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Distribution_and_habitat">Distribution and habitat</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gmelina_arborea&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Distribution and habitat"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gmelina_arborea_Brahmagiri_WLS_AJT_Johnsingh..JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Gmelina_arborea_Brahmagiri_WLS_AJT_Johnsingh..JPG/220px-Gmelina_arborea_Brahmagiri_WLS_AJT_Johnsingh..JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Gmelina_arborea_Brahmagiri_WLS_AJT_Johnsingh..JPG/330px-Gmelina_arborea_Brahmagiri_WLS_AJT_Johnsingh..JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Gmelina_arborea_Brahmagiri_WLS_AJT_Johnsingh..JPG/440px-Gmelina_arborea_Brahmagiri_WLS_AJT_Johnsingh..JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>Fruits</figcaption></figure> <p><i>Gmelina arborea</i> grows naturally throughout India, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam and in southern provinces of China. It is found at altitudes from sea level to 1,500 metres (5,000 ft).<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_status_19_November_2021_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn_status_19_November_2021-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since the 1960s, it has been introduced extensively as fast-growing <a href="/wiki/Timber" class="mw-redirect" title="Timber">timber</a> trees in Brazil, Gambia, Honduras, Ivory Coast, Malaysia, Malawi, Nigeria, the Philippines, and Sierra Leone. It is also planted in gardens and avenues.<sup id="cite_ref-Lauridesen_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lauridesen-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Utilization">Utilization</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gmelina_arborea&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Utilization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Phakra_(Punjabi-_%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE)_(3246579032).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Phakra_%28Punjabi-_%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%29_%283246579032%29.jpg/220px-Phakra_%28Punjabi-_%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%29_%283246579032%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Phakra_%28Punjabi-_%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%29_%283246579032%29.jpg/330px-Phakra_%28Punjabi-_%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%29_%283246579032%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Phakra_%28Punjabi-_%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%29_%283246579032%29.jpg/440px-Phakra_%28Punjabi-_%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%29_%283246579032%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Bark</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gmelina_arborea_flower_I_IMG_3541.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Gmelina_arborea_flower_I_IMG_3541.jpg/220px-Gmelina_arborea_flower_I_IMG_3541.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Gmelina_arborea_flower_I_IMG_3541.jpg/330px-Gmelina_arborea_flower_I_IMG_3541.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Gmelina_arborea_flower_I_IMG_3541.jpg/440px-Gmelina_arborea_flower_I_IMG_3541.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Flower</figcaption></figure> <p>The species is fast-growing and thus raised in large-scale plantations to produce wood for construction, crafts, paper pulp, fuel, and charcoal. It produces high-quality wood used in the manufacture of furniture and to make plywood, matches and agricultural implements. The nectar of the flowers yields high-quality honey.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Lion_Throne_of_Burma" title="Lion Throne of Burma">Lion Throne</a>, the most important, and last surviving, of the eight royal thrones of Myanmar, now in the National Museum in Yangon, is carved from <i>Gmelina arborea</i> wood.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-The_New_Indian_Express_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_New_Indian_Express-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chemistry">Chemistry</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gmelina_arborea&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Chemistry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Lignan" title="Lignan">Lignans</a>, such as 6" - bromo - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Isoarboreol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isoarboreol (page does not exist)">isoarboreol</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=4-hydroxysesamin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="4-hydroxysesamin (page does not exist)">4-hydroxysesamin</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=4,8-dihydroxysesamin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="4,8-dihydroxysesamin (page does not exist)">4,8-dihydroxysesamin</a>, 1,4-dihydroxysesamin (<a href="/wiki/Gummadiol" title="Gummadiol">gummadiol</a>), 2-piperonyl-3-hydroxymethyl-4-(α-hydroxy-3,4-methylenedioxybenzyl)-4-hydroxytetrahydrofuran and the 4-O-glucoside of <a href="/w/index.php?title=4-epigummadiol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="4-epigummadiol (page does not exist)">4-epigummadiol</a>, can be isolated from the heartwood of <i>Gmelina arborea</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-HeartwoodLignans_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HeartwoodLignans-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The parent compounds are <a href="/wiki/Arboreol" title="Arboreol">arboreol</a> or <a href="/wiki/Gmelanone" title="Gmelanone">gmelanone</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ParentCompounds_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ParentCompounds-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Umbelliferone_7-apiosylglucoside&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Umbelliferone 7-apiosylglucoside (page does not exist)">Umbelliferone 7-apiosylglucoside</a> can be isolated from the root.<sup id="cite_ref-RootUmbelliferone_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RootUmbelliferone-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Five constituents, isolated from the heartwood of <i>G. arborea</i>, (+)-7′-O-ethyl <a href="/wiki/Arboreol" title="Arboreol">arboreol</a>, (+)-<a href="/w/index.php?title=Paulownin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paulownin (page does not exist)">paulownin</a>, (+)-<a href="/wiki/Gmelinol" title="Gmelinol">gmelinol</a>, (+)-epi<a href="/w/index.php?title=Eudesmin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eudesmin (page does not exist)">eudesmin</a> and (−)-<a href="/wiki/%CE%92-sitosterol" class="mw-redirect" title="Β-sitosterol">β-sitosterol</a>, show antifungal activity against <i><a href="/wiki/Trametes_versicolor" title="Trametes versicolor">Trametes versicolor</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gmelina_arborea&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 42em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-iucn_status_19_November_2021-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-iucn_status_19_November_2021_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iucn_status_19_November_2021_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFde_Kok,_R.2019" class="citation journal cs1">de Kok, R. (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/32354/67741197">"<i>Gmelina arborea</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN Red List of Threatened Species</a></i>. <b>2019</b>: e.T32354A67741197. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T32354A67741197.en">10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T32354A67741197.en</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IUCN+Red+List+of+Threatened+Species&rft.atitle=Gmelina+arborea&rft.volume=2019&rft.pages=e.T32354A67741197&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T32354A67741197.en&rft.au=de+Kok%2C+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iucnredlist.org%2Fspecies%2F32354%2F67741197&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGmelina+arborea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/kew-91180">"Gmelina arborea Roxb"</a>. The Plant List<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gmelina+arborea+Roxb.&rft.pub=The+Plant+List&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theplantlist.org%2Ftpl%2Frecord%2Fkew-91180&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGmelina+arborea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Agroforestry_common_names-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Agroforestry_common_names_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110930043619/http://www.worldagroforestrycentre.org/sea/products/AFDbases/AF/asp/SpeciesInfo.asp?SpID=914">"A tree species reference and selection guide"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldagroforestrycentre.org/sea/products/AFDbases/AF/asp/SpeciesInfo.asp?SpID=914">the original</a> on 2011-09-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-06-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+tree+species+reference+and+selection+guide&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldagroforestrycentre.org%2Fsea%2Fproducts%2FAFDbases%2FAF%2Fasp%2FSpeciesInfo.asp%3FSpID%3D914&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGmelina+arborea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Gmelina+arborea#:~:text=The%20crown%20is%20large%20and,is%20also%20of%20medicinal%20value.">"Gmelina arborea Gmelina, Snapdragon, White Teak PFAF Plant Database"</a>. <i>pfaf.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=pfaf.org&rft.atitle=Gmelina+arborea+Gmelina%2C+Snapdragon%2C+White+Teak+PFAF+Plant+Database&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpfaf.org%2Fuser%2FPlant.aspx%3FLatinName%3DGmelina%2Barborea%23%3A~%3Atext%3DThe%2520crown%2520is%2520large%2520and%2Cis%2520also%2520of%2520medicinal%2520value.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGmelina+arborea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lauridesen-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lauridesen_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLauridesenKjaer2002" class="citation journal cs1">Lauridesen, E.B.; Kjaer, E.D. (2002). "Provenance research in Gmelina arborea Linn., Roxb. A summary of results from three decades of research and a discussion of how to use them". <i>The International Forestry Review</i>. <b>4</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">20–</span>29. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/43740942">43740942</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+International+Forestry+Review&rft.atitle=Provenance+research+in+Gmelina+arborea+Linn.%2C+Roxb.+A+summary+of+results+from+three+decades+of+research+and+a+discussion+of+how+to+use+them&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E20-%3C%2Fspan%3E29&rft.date=2002&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F43740942%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Lauridesen&rft.aufirst=E.B.&rft.au=Kjaer%2C+E.D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGmelina+arborea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDuke1983" class="citation book cs1">Duke, James A. (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/duke_energy/Gmelina_arborea.html"><i>Handbook of Energy Crops</i></a>. Center for New Crops & Plants Products, Purdue University.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+Energy+Crops&rft.pub=Center+for+New+Crops+%26+Plants+Products%2C+Purdue+University&rft.date=1983&rft.aulast=Duke&rft.aufirst=James+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhort.purdue.edu%2Fnewcrop%2Fduke_energy%2FGmelina_arborea.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGmelina+arborea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/full/10.1079/cabicompendium.25465">"Gmelina arborea (candahar)"</a>. <i>CABI Digital Library</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CABI+Digital+Library&rft.atitle=Gmelina+arborea+%28candahar%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cabidigitallibrary.org%2Fdoi%2Ffull%2F10.1079%2Fcabicompendium.25465&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGmelina+arborea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170403085807/http://www.myanmar-image.com/enchantingmyanmar/enchantingmyanmar2-2/thrones.htm">"The Thrones of Myanmar Kings : Enchanting Myanmar (Burma) - A Guide to Tourism Destinations and Beyond"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.myanmar-image.com/enchantingmyanmar/enchantingmyanmar2-2/thrones.htm">the original</a> on 2017-04-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-07-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Thrones+of+Myanmar+Kings+%3A+Enchanting+Myanmar+%28Burma%29+-+A+Guide+to+Tourism+Destinations+and+Beyond&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.myanmar-image.com%2Fenchantingmyanmar%2Fenchantingmyanmar2-2%2Fthrones.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGmelina+arborea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_New_Indian_Express-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-The_New_Indian_Express_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> Gangadharan V. (2012 Mar 26) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304132407/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/article460597.ece">Materials behind the method</a> The New Indian Express, page 2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HeartwoodLignans-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HeartwoodLignans_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> Novel hydroxy lignans from the heartwood of gmelina arborea. A.S.R. Anjaneyulu, A.Madhusudhana rao, V.Kameswara Rao and L.Ramachandra Row, Tetrahedron, 1977, Volume 33, Issue 1, Pages 133–143, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0040-4020%2877%2980444-4">10.1016/0040-4020(77)80444-4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ParentCompounds-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ParentCompounds_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> The structures of lignans from Gmelina arborea Linn. A.S.R. Anjaneyulu, K.Jaganmohan Rao, V.Kameswara Rao, L.Ramachandra Row, C. Subrahmanyam, A. Pelter, R.S. Ward, Tetrahedron, 1975, Volume 31, Issue 10, Pages 1277–1285, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0040-4020%2875%2980169-4">10.1016/0040-4020(75)80169-4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RootUmbelliferone-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RootUmbelliferone_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> An apiose-containing coumarin glycoside from gmelina arborea root. P. Satyanarayana, P. Subrahmanyam, R. Kasai and O. Tanaka, Phytochemistry, 1985, Volume 24, Issue 8, Pages 1862–1863, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0031-9422%2800%2982575-3">10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82575-3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Antifungal activity of constituents from the heartwood of Gmelina arborea: Part 1. Sensitive antifungal assay against Basidiomycetes. F. Kawamura, S. Ohara and A. Nishida, Holzforschung, June 2005, Volume 58, Issue 2, Pages 189–192, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2FHF.2004.028">10.1515/HF.2004.028</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <ul><li>GAMHAR (<i>Gmelina arborea</i>): Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/duke_energy/Gmelina_arborea.html">Crop index at the Purdue University</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gmelina_arborea&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Gmelina_arborea" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Gmelina arborea">Gmelina arborea</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.westafricanplants.senckenberg.de/root/index.php?page_id=13&preview=true&searchTextMenue=Gmelina+arborea&search=Wikitemplate"><i>Gmelina arborea</i></a> in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.westafricanplants.senckenberg.de/">West African plants – A Photo Guide.</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers4783" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers4783" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Gmelina arborea</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q311345" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q311345">Q311345</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Gmelina_arborea" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Gmelina arborea">Gmelina arborea</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">AoFP: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://florida.plantatlas.usf.edu/Plant.aspx?id=4411">4411</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">APDB: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://africanplantdatabase.ch/en/nomen/123155">123155</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Plant_Name_Index" title="Australian Plant Name Index">APNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.biodiversity.org.au/name/apni/208811">208811</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/3GJJK">3GJJK</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Ecocrop" title="Ecocrop">Ecocrop</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ecocrop.review.fao.org/ecocrop/srv/en/cropView?id=1152">1152</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/590507">590507</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/EPPO_Code" title="EPPO Code">EPPO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/GMEAR">GMEAR</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_North_America" title="Flora of North America">FNA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=200019362">200019362</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_China_(series)" title="Flora of China (series)">FoC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200019362">200019362</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/5341167">5341167</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Germplasm_Resources_Information_Network" title="Germplasm Resources Information Network">GRIN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=17827">17827</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/120358">120358</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/International_Plant_Names_Index" title="International Plant Names Index">IPNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ipni.org/n/862926-1">862926-1</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=10212826">10212826</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Invasive_Species_Compendium" title="Invasive Species Compendium">ISC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/25465">25465</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=565214">565214</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apiv3.iucnredlist.org/api/v3/taxonredirect/32354">32354</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=201509">201509</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/FloraNT" title="FloraNT">NTFlora</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eflora.nt.gov.au/factsheet?id=5887">5887</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">NZOR: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzor.org.nz/names/8a57e9ee-d0dc-4255-ac04-131cf57622e3">8a57e9ee-d0dc-4255-ac04-131cf57622e3</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=736674">736674</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">PalDat: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.paldat.org/pub/Gmelina_arborea">Gmelina_arborea</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/The_Plant_List" title="The Plant List">Plant List</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-91180">kew-91180</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Natural_Resources_Conservation_Service#Plants" title="Natural Resources Conservation Service">PLANTS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plants.sc.egov.usda.gov/plant-profile/GMAR">GMAR</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Plants_of_the_World_Online" title="Plants of the World Online">POWO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A77159191-1">urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77159191-1</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Tropicos" title="Tropicos">Tropicos</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tropicos.org/name/33703046">33703046</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/World_Flora_Online" title="World Flora Online">WFO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://list.worldfloraonline.org/wfo-0000974016">wfo-0000974016</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox414" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q311345#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" 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