Joint Meetings, Joint Sessions, & Inaugurations | US House of Representatives: History, Art & Archives

<!doctype html>     <html class="no-js" lang="en">  <head> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1" /> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /><script type="text/javascript">window.NREUM||(NREUM={});NREUM.info = {"beacon":"gov-bam.nr-data.net","errorBeacon":"gov-bam.nr-data.net","licenseKey":"9993044f26","applicationID":"1006563200","transactionName":"Z1xRYBQHCxYFAEQNCl4WfmIlSSIACgZCBQl0XEdVDwomCgoXQgsJXFxBGy8IAQAc","queueTime":0,"applicationTime":112,"agent":"","atts":""}</script><script type="text/javascript">(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).init={privacy:{cookies_enabled:true},ajax:{deny_list:["gov-bam.nr-data.net"]},distributed_tracing:{enabled:true}};(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).loader_config={agentID:"1120163422",accountID:"561493",trustKey:"561493",xpid:"UQAGVV9QGwIAVFdXAQIFVlQ=",licenseKey:"9993044f26",applicationID:"1006563200"};;/*! For license information please see nr-loader-spa-1.283.1.min.js.LICENSE.txt */ (()=>{var e,t,r={8122:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{a:()=>i});var n=r(944);function i(e,t){try{if(!e||"object"!=typeof e)return(0,n.R)(3);if(!t||"object"!=typeof t)return(0,n.R)(4);const r=Object.create(Object.getPrototypeOf(t),Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(t)),o=0===Object.keys(r).length?e:r;for(let a in o)if(void 0!==e[a])try{if(null===e[a]){r[a]=null;continue}Array.isArray(e[a])&&Array.isArray(t[a])?r[a]=Array.from(new Set([...e[a],...t[a]])):"object"==typeof e[a]&&"object"==typeof t[a]?r[a]=i(e[a],t[a]):r[a]=e[a]}catch(e){(0,n.R)(1,e)}return r}catch(e){(0,n.R)(2,e)}}},2555:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Vp:()=>c,fn:()=>s,x1:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(8122);const o={beacon:n.NT.beacon,errorBeacon:n.NT.errorBeacon,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,sa:void 0,queueTime:void 0,applicationTime:void 0,ttGuid:void 0,user:void 0,account:void 0,product:void 0,extra:void 0,jsAttributes:{},userAttributes:void 0,atts:void 0,transactionName:void 0,tNamePlain:void 0},a={};function s(e){try{const t=c(e);return!!t.licenseKey&&!!t.errorBeacon&&!!t.applicationID}catch(e){return!1}}function c(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");if(!a[e])throw new Error("Info for ".concat(e," was never set"));return a[e]}function u(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");a[e]=(0,i.a)(t,o);const r=(0,n.nY)(e);r&&(r.info=a[e])}},9417:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{D0:()=>h,gD:()=>g,xN:()=>p});var n=r(3333);const i=e=>{if(!e||"string"!=typeof e)return!1;try{document.createDocumentFragment().querySelector(e)}catch{return!1}return!0};var o=r(2614),a=r(944),s=r(384),c=r(8122);const u="[data-nr-mask]",d=()=>{const e={feature_flags:[],experimental:{marks:!1,measures:!1,resources:!1},mask_selector:"*",block_selector:"[data-nr-block]",mask_input_options:{color:!1,date:!1,"datetime-local":!1,email:!1,month:!1,number:!1,range:!1,search:!1,tel:!1,text:!1,time:!1,url:!1,week:!1,textarea:!1,select:!1,password:!0}};return{ajax:{deny_list:void 0,block_internal:!0,enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},distributed_tracing:{enabled:void 0,exclude_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_tracecontext_headers:void 0,allowed_origins:void 0},get feature_flags(){return e.feature_flags},set feature_flags(t){e.feature_flags=t},generic_events:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},harvest:{interval:30},jserrors:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},logging:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},metrics:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},obfuscate:void 0,page_action:{enabled:!0},page_view_event:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},page_view_timing:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},performance:{get capture_marks(){return e.feature_flags.includes(n.$v.MARKS)||e.experimental.marks},set capture_marks(t){e.experimental.marks=t},get capture_measures(){return e.feature_flags.includes(n.$v.MEASURES)||e.experimental.measures},set capture_measures(t){e.experimental.measures=t},capture_detail:!0,resources:{get enabled(){return e.feature_flags.includes(n.$v.RESOURCES)||e.experimental.resources},set enabled(t){e.experimental.resources=t},asset_types:[],first_party_domains:[],ignore_newrelic:!0}},privacy:{cookies_enabled:!0},proxy:{assets:void 0,beacon:void 0},session:{expiresMs:o.wk,inactiveMs:o.BB},session_replay:{autoStart:!0,enabled:!1,preload:!1,sampling_rate:10,error_sampling_rate:100,collect_fonts:!1,inline_images:!1,fix_stylesheets:!0,mask_all_inputs:!0,get mask_text_selector(){return e.mask_selector},set mask_text_selector(t){i(t)?e.mask_selector="".concat(t,",").concat(u):""===t||null===t?e.mask_selector=u:(0,a.R)(5,t)},get block_class(){return"nr-block"},get ignore_class(){return"nr-ignore"},get mask_text_class(){return"nr-mask"},get block_selector(){return e.block_selector},set block_selector(t){i(t)?e.block_selector+=",".concat(t):""!==t&&(0,a.R)(6,t)},get mask_input_options(){return e.mask_input_options},set mask_input_options(t){t&&"object"==typeof t?e.mask_input_options={...t,password:!0}:(0,a.R)(7,t)}},session_trace:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},soft_navigations:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},spa:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},ssl:void 0,user_actions:{enabled:!0,elementAttributes:["id","className","tagName","type"]}}},l={},f="All configuration objects require an agent identifier!";function h(e){if(!e)throw new Error(f);if(!l[e])throw new Error("Configuration for ".concat(e," was never set"));return l[e]}function p(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(f);l[e]=(0,c.a)(t,d());const r=(0,s.nY)(e);r&&(r.init=l[e])}function g(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(f);var r=h(e);if(r){for(var n=t.split("."),i=0;i<n.length-1;i++)if("object"!=typeof(r=r[n[i]]))return;r=r[n[n.length-1]]}return r}},5603:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{a:()=>c,o:()=>s});var n=r(384),i=r(8122);const o={accountID:void 0,trustKey:void 0,agentID:void 0,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,xpid:void 0},a={};function s(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");if(!a[e])throw new Error("LoaderConfig for ".concat(e," was never set"));return a[e]}function c(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");a[e]=(0,i.a)(t,o);const r=(0,n.nY)(e);r&&(r.loader_config=a[e])}},3371:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{V:()=>f,f:()=>l});var n=r(8122),i=r(384),o=r(6154),a=r(9324);let s=0;const c={buildEnv:a.F3,distMethod:a.Xs,version:a.xv,originTime:o.WN},u={customTransaction:void 0,disabled:!1,isolatedBacklog:!1,loaderType:void 0,maxBytes:3e4,onerror:void 0,ptid:void 0,releaseIds:{},appMetadata:{},session:void 0,denyList:void 0,timeKeeper:void 0,obfuscator:void 0,harvester:void 0},d={};function l(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");if(!d[e])throw new Error("Runtime for ".concat(e," was never set"));return d[e]}function f(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");d[e]={...(0,n.a)(t,u),...c},Object.hasOwnProperty.call(d[e],"harvestCount")||Object.defineProperty(d[e],"harvestCount",{get:()=>++s});const r=(0,i.nY)(e);r&&(r.runtime=d[e])}},9324:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{F3:()=>i,Xs:()=>o,Yq:()=>a,xv:()=>n});const n="1.283.1",i="PROD",o="CDN",a="^2.0.0-alpha.17"},6154:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{A4:()=>s,OF:()=>d,RI:()=>i,WN:()=>h,bv:()=>o,gm:()=>a,lR:()=>f,m:()=>u,mw:()=>c,sb:()=>l});var n=r(1863);const i="undefined"!=typeof window&&!!window.document,o="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator),a=i?window:"undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis),s="complete"===a?.document?.readyState,c=Boolean("hidden"===a?.document?.visibilityState),u=""+a?.location,d=/iPad|iPhone|iPod/.test(a.navigator?.userAgent),l=d&&"undefined"==typeof SharedWorker,f=(()=>{const e=a.navigator?.userAgent?.match(/Firefox[/\s](\d+\.\d+)/);return Array.isArray(e)&&e.length>=2?+e[1]:0})(),h=Date.now()-(0,n.t)()},7295:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Xv:()=>a,gX:()=>i,iW:()=>o});var n=[];function i(e){if(!e||o(e))return!1;if(0===n.length)return!0;for(var t=0;t<n.length;t++){var r=n[t];if("*"===r.hostname)return!1;if(s(r.hostname,e.hostname)&&c(r.pathname,e.pathname))return!1}return!0}function o(e){return void 0===e.hostname}function a(e){if(n=[],e&&e.length)for(var t=0;t<e.length;t++){let r=e[t];if(!r)continue;0===r.indexOf("http://")?r=r.substring(7):0===r.indexOf("https://")&&(r=r.substring(8));const i=r.indexOf("/");let o,a;i>0?(o=r.substring(0,i),a=r.substring(i)):(o=r,a="");let[s]=o.split(":");n.push({hostname:s,pathname:a})}}function s(e,t){return!(e.length>t.length)&&t.indexOf(e)===t.length-e.length}function c(e,t){return 0===e.indexOf("/")&&(e=e.substring(1)),0===t.indexOf("/")&&(t=t.substring(1)),""===e||e===t}},1687:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Ak:()=>c,Ze:()=>l,x3:()=>u});var n=r(7836),i=r(3606),o=r(860),a=r(2646);const s={};function c(e,t){const r={staged:!1,priority:o.P3[t]||0};d(e),s[e].get(t)||s[e].set(t,r)}function u(e,t){e&&s[e]&&(s[e].get(t)&&s[e].delete(t),h(e,t,!1),s[e].size&&f(e))}function d(e){if(!e)throw new Error("agentIdentifier required");s[e]||(s[e]=new Map)}function l(e="",t="feature",r=!1){if(d(e),!e||!s[e].get(t)||r)return h(e,t);s[e].get(t).staged=!0,f(e)}function f(e){const t=Array.from(s[e]);t.every((([e,t])=>t.staged))&&(t.sort(((e,t)=>e[1].priority-t[1].priority)),t.forEach((([t])=>{s[e].delete(t),h(e,t)})))}function h(e,t,r=!0){const o=e?n.ee.get(e):n.ee,s=i.i.handlers;if(!o.aborted&&o.backlog&&s){if(r){const e=o.backlog[t],r=s[t];if(r){for(let t=0;e&&t<e.length;++t)p(e[t],r);Object.entries(r).forEach((([e,t])=>{Object.values(t||{}).forEach((t=>{t[0]?.on&&t[0]?.context()instanceof a.y&&t[0].on(e,t[1])}))}))}}o.isolatedBacklog||delete s[t],o.backlog[t]=null,o.emit("drain-"+t,[])}}function p(e,t){var r=e[1];Object.values(t[r]||{}).forEach((t=>{var r=e[0];if(t[0]===r){var n=t[1],i=e[3],o=e[2];n.apply(i,o)}}))}},7836:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{P:()=>c,ee:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(8990),o=r(3371),a=r(2646),s=r(5607);const c="nr@context:".concat(s.W),u=function e(t,r){var n={},s={},d={},l=!1;try{l=16===r.length&&(0,o.f)(r).isolatedBacklog}catch(e){}var f={on:p,addEventListener:p,removeEventListener:function(e,t){var r=n[e];if(!r)return;for(var i=0;i<r.length;i++)r[i]===t&&r.splice(i,1)},emit:function(e,r,n,i,o){!1!==o&&(o=!0);if(u.aborted&&!i)return;t&&o&&t.emit(e,r,n);for(var a=h(n),c=g(e),d=c.length,l=0;l<d;l++)c[l].apply(a,r);var p=v()[s[e]];p&&p.push([f,e,r,a]);return a},get:m,listeners:g,context:h,buffer:function(e,t){const r=v();if(t=t||"feature",f.aborted)return;Object.entries(e||{}).forEach((([e,n])=>{s[n]=t,t in r||(r[t]=[])}))},abort:function(){f._aborted=!0,Object.keys(f.backlog).forEach((e=>{delete f.backlog[e]}))},isBuffering:function(e){return!!v()[s[e]]},debugId:r,backlog:l?{}:t&&"object"==typeof t.backlog?t.backlog:{},isolatedBacklog:l};return Object.defineProperty(f,"aborted",{get:()=>{let e=f._aborted||!1;return e||(t&&(e=t.aborted),e)}}),f;function h(e){return e&&e instanceof a.y?e:e?(0,i.I)(e,c,(()=>new a.y(c))):new a.y(c)}function p(e,t){n[e]=g(e).concat(t)}function g(e){return n[e]||[]}function m(t){return d[t]=d[t]||e(f,t)}function v(){return f.backlog}}(void 0,"globalEE"),d=(0,n.Zm)();d.ee||(d.ee=u)},2646:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{y:()=>n});class n{constructor(e){this.contextId=e}}},9908:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{d:()=>n,p:()=>i});var n=r(7836).ee.get("handle");function i(e,t,r,i,o){o?(o.buffer([e],i),o.emit(e,t,r)):(n.buffer([e],i),n.emit(e,t,r))}},3606:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{i:()=>o});var n=r(9908);o.on=a;var i=o.handlers={};function o(e,t,r,o){a(o||n.d,i,e,t,r)}function a(e,t,r,i,o){o||(o="feature"),e||(e=n.d);var a=t[o]=t[o]||{};(a[r]=a[r]||[]).push([e,i])}},3878:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){return{capture:e,passive:!1,signal:t}}function i(e,t,r=!1,i){window.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}function o(e,t,r=!1,i){document.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}r.d(t,{DD:()=>o,jT:()=>n,sp:()=>i})},5607:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>n});const n=(0,r(9566).bz)()},9566:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{LA:()=>s,ZF:()=>c,bz:()=>a,el:()=>u});var n=r(6154);const i="xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx";function o(e,t){return e?15&e[t]:16*Math.random()|0}function a(){const e=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let t,r=0;return e&&e.getRandomValues&&(t=e.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(30))),i.split("").map((e=>"x"===e?o(t,r++).toString(16):"y"===e?(3&o()|8).toString(16):e)).join("")}function s(e){const t=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let r,i=0;t&&t.getRandomValues&&(r=t.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(e)));const a=[];for(var s=0;s<e;s++)a.push(o(r,i++).toString(16));return a.join("")}function c(){return s(16)}function u(){return s(32)}},2614:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{BB:()=>a,H3:()=>n,g:()=>u,iL:()=>c,tS:()=>s,uh:()=>i,wk:()=>o});const n="NRBA",i="SESSION",o=144e5,a=18e5,s={STARTED:"session-started",PAUSE:"session-pause",RESET:"session-reset",RESUME:"session-resume",UPDATE:"session-update"},c={SAME_TAB:"same-tab",CROSS_TAB:"cross-tab"},u={OFF:0,FULL:1,ERROR:2}},1863:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(){return Math.floor(performance.now())}r.d(t,{t:()=>n})},7485:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{D:()=>i});var n=r(6154);function i(e){if(0===(e||"").indexOf("data:"))return{protocol:"data"};try{const t=new URL(e,location.href),r={port:t.port,hostname:t.hostname,pathname:t.pathname,search:t.search,protocol:t.protocol.slice(0,t.protocol.indexOf(":")),sameOrigin:t.protocol===n.gm?.location?.protocol&&t.host===n.gm?.location?.host};return r.port&&""!==r.port||("http:"===t.protocol&&(r.port="80"),"https:"===t.protocol&&(r.port="443")),r.pathname&&""!==r.pathname?r.pathname.startsWith("/")||(r.pathname="/".concat(r.pathname)):r.pathname="/",r}catch(e){return{}}}},944:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){"function"==typeof console.debug&&console.debug("New Relic Warning: https://github.com/newrelic/newrelic-browser-agent/blob/main/docs/warning-codes.md#".concat(e),t)}r.d(t,{R:()=>n})},5284:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{t:()=>c,B:()=>s});var n=r(7836),i=r(6154);const o="newrelic";const a=new Set,s={};function c(e,t){const r=n.ee.get(t);s[t]??={},e&&"object"==typeof e&&(a.has(t)||(r.emit("rumresp",[e]),s[t]=e,a.add(t),function(e={}){try{i.gm.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent(o,{detail:e}))}catch(e){}}({loaded:!0})))}},8990:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{I:()=>i});var n=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;function i(e,t,r){if(n.call(e,t))return e[t];var i=r();if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:i,writable:!0,enumerable:!1}),i}catch(e){}return e[t]=i,i}},6389:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t=500,r={}){const n=r?.leading||!1;let i;return(...r)=>{n&&void 0===i&&(e.apply(this,r),i=setTimeout((()=>{i=clearTimeout(i)}),t)),n||(clearTimeout(i),i=setTimeout((()=>{e.apply(this,r)}),t))}}function i(e){let t=!1;return(...r)=>{t||(t=!0,e.apply(this,r))}}r.d(t,{J:()=>i,s:()=>n})},3304:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{A:()=>o});var n=r(7836);const i=()=>{const e=new WeakSet;return(t,r)=>{if("object"==typeof r&&null!==r){if(e.has(r))return;e.add(r)}return r}};function o(e){try{return JSON.stringify(e,i())??""}catch(e){try{n.ee.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(e){}return""}}},5289:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{GG:()=>o,sB:()=>a});var n=r(3878);function i(){return"undefined"==typeof document||"complete"===document.readyState}function o(e,t){if(i())return e();(0,n.sp)("load",e,t)}function a(e){if(i())return e();(0,n.DD)("DOMContentLoaded",e)}},384:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{NT:()=>o,US:()=>d,Zm:()=>a,bQ:()=>c,dV:()=>s,nY:()=>u,pV:()=>l});var n=r(6154),i=r(1863);const o={beacon:"bam.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.nr-data.net"};function a(){return n.gm.NREUM||(n.gm.NREUM={}),void 0===n.gm.newrelic&&(n.gm.newrelic=n.gm.NREUM),n.gm.NREUM}function s(){let e=a();return e.o||(e.o={ST:n.gm.setTimeout,SI:n.gm.setImmediate,CT:n.gm.clearTimeout,XHR:n.gm.XMLHttpRequest,REQ:n.gm.Request,EV:n.gm.Event,PR:n.gm.Promise,MO:n.gm.MutationObserver,FETCH:n.gm.fetch,WS:n.gm.WebSocket}),e}function c(e,t){let r=a();r.initializedAgents??={},t.initializedAt={ms:(0,i.t)(),date:new Date},r.initializedAgents[e]=t}function u(e){let t=a();return t.initializedAgents?.[e]}function d(e,t){a()[e]=t}function l(){return function(){let e=a();const t=e.info||{};e.info={beacon:o.beacon,errorBeacon:o.errorBeacon,...t}}(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.init||{};e.init={...t}}(),s(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.loader_config||{};e.loader_config={...t}}(),a()}},2843:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{u:()=>i});var n=r(3878);function i(e,t=!1,r,i){(0,n.DD)("visibilitychange",(function(){if(t)return void("hidden"===document.visibilityState&&e());e(document.visibilityState)}),r,i)}},8139:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{u:()=>f});var n=r(7836),i=r(3434),o=r(8990),a=r(6154);const s={},c=a.gm.XMLHttpRequest,u="addEventListener",d="removeEventListener",l="nr@wrapped:".concat(n.P);function f(e){var t=function(e){return(e||n.ee).get("events")}(e);if(s[t.debugId]++)return t;s[t.debugId]=1;var r=(0,i.YM)(t,!0);function f(e){r.inPlace(e,[u,d],"-",p)}function p(e,t){return e[1]}return"getPrototypeOf"in Object&&(a.RI&&h(document,f),c&&h(c.prototype,f),h(a.gm,f)),t.on(u+"-start",(function(e,t){var n=e[1];if(null!==n&&("function"==typeof n||"object"==typeof n)){var i=(0,o.I)(n,l,(function(){var e={object:function(){if("function"!=typeof n.handleEvent)return;return n.handleEvent.apply(n,arguments)},function:n}[typeof n];return e?r(e,"fn-",null,e.name||"anonymous"):n}));this.wrapped=e[1]=i}})),t.on(d+"-start",(function(e){e[1]=this.wrapped||e[1]})),t}function h(e,t,...r){let n=e;for(;"object"==typeof n&&!Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(n,u);)n=Object.getPrototypeOf(n);n&&t(n,...r)}},3434:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Jt:()=>o,YM:()=>c});var n=r(7836),i=r(5607);const o="nr@original:".concat(i.W);var a=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty,s=!1;function c(e,t){return e||(e=n.ee),r.inPlace=function(e,t,n,i,o){n||(n="");const a="-"===n.charAt(0);for(let s=0;s<t.length;s++){const c=t[s],u=e[c];d(u)||(e[c]=r(u,a?c+n:n,i,c,o))}},r.flag=o,r;function r(t,r,n,s,c){return d(t)?t:(r||(r=""),nrWrapper[o]=t,function(e,t,r){if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.keys(e).forEach((function(r){Object.defineProperty(t,r,{get:function(){return e[r]},set:function(t){return e[r]=t,t}})})),t}catch(e){u([e],r)}for(var n in e)a.call(e,n)&&(t[n]=e[n])}(t,nrWrapper,e),nrWrapper);function nrWrapper(){var o,a,d,l;try{a=this,o=[...arguments],d="function"==typeof n?n(o,a):n||{}}catch(t){u([t,"",[o,a,s],d],e)}i(r+"start",[o,a,s],d,c);try{return l=t.apply(a,o)}catch(e){throw i(r+"err",[o,a,e],d,c),e}finally{i(r+"end",[o,a,l],d,c)}}}function i(r,n,i,o){if(!s||t){var a=s;s=!0;try{e.emit(r,n,i,t,o)}catch(t){u([t,r,n,i],e)}s=a}}}function u(e,t){t||(t=n.ee);try{t.emit("internal-error",e)}catch(e){}}function d(e){return!(e&&"function"==typeof e&&e.apply&&!e[o])}},9414:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{J:()=>c});var n=r(7836),i=r(2646),o=r(944),a=r(3434);const s=new Map;function c(e,t,r,c){if("object"!=typeof t||!t||"string"!=typeof r||!r||"function"!=typeof t[r])return(0,o.R)(29);const u=function(e){return(e||n.ee).get("logger")}(e),d=(0,a.YM)(u),l=new i.y(n.P);l.level=c.level,l.customAttributes=c.customAttributes;const f=t[r]?.[a.Jt]||t[r];return s.set(f,l),d.inPlace(t,[r],"wrap-logger-",(()=>s.get(f))),u}},9300:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.ajax},3333:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{$v:()=>u,TZ:()=>n,Zp:()=>i,kd:()=>c,mq:()=>s,nf:()=>a,qN:()=>o});const n=r(860).K7.genericEvents,i=["auxclick","click","copy","keydown","paste","scrollend"],o=["focus","blur"],a=4,s=1e3,c=["PageAction","UserAction","BrowserPerformance"],u={MARKS:"experimental.marks",MEASURES:"experimental.measures",RESOURCES:"experimental.resources"}},6774:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.jserrors},993:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{A$:()=>o,ET:()=>a,TZ:()=>s,p_:()=>i});var n=r(860);const i={ERROR:"ERROR",WARN:"WARN",INFO:"INFO",DEBUG:"DEBUG",TRACE:"TRACE"},o={OFF:0,ERROR:1,WARN:2,INFO:3,DEBUG:4,TRACE:5},a="log",s=n.K7.logging},3785:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{R:()=>c,b:()=>u});var n=r(9908),i=r(1863),o=r(860),a=r(8154),s=r(993);function c(e,t,r={},c=s.p_.INFO){(0,n.p)(a.xV,["API/logging/".concat(c.toLowerCase(),"/called")],void 0,o.K7.metrics,e),(0,n.p)(s.ET,[(0,i.t)(),t,r,c],void 0,o.K7.logging,e)}function u(e){return"string"==typeof e&&Object.values(s.p_).some((t=>t===e.toUpperCase().trim()))}},8154:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{z_:()=>o,XG:()=>s,TZ:()=>n,rs:()=>i,xV:()=>a});r(6154),r(9566),r(384);const n=r(860).K7.metrics,i="sm",o="cm",a="storeSupportabilityMetrics",s="storeEventMetrics"},6630:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewEvent},782:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewTiming},6344:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{BB:()=>d,G4:()=>o,Qb:()=>l,TZ:()=>i,Ug:()=>a,_s:()=>s,bc:()=>u,yP:()=>c});var n=r(2614);const i=r(860).K7.sessionReplay,o={RECORD:"recordReplay",PAUSE:"pauseReplay",REPLAY_RUNNING:"replayRunning",ERROR_DURING_REPLAY:"errorDuringReplay"},a=.12,s={DomContentLoaded:0,Load:1,FullSnapshot:2,IncrementalSnapshot:3,Meta:4,Custom:5},c={[n.g.ERROR]:15e3,[n.g.FULL]:3e5,[n.g.OFF]:0},u={RESET:{message:"Session was reset",sm:"Reset"},IMPORT:{message:"Recorder failed to import",sm:"Import"},TOO_MANY:{message:"429: Too Many Requests",sm:"Too-Many"},TOO_BIG:{message:"Payload was too large",sm:"Too-Big"},CROSS_TAB:{message:"Session Entity was set to OFF on another tab",sm:"Cross-Tab"},ENTITLEMENTS:{message:"Session Replay is not allowed and will not be started",sm:"Entitlement"}},d=5e3,l={API:"api"}},5270:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Aw:()=>c,CT:()=>u,SR:()=>s});var n=r(384),i=r(9417),o=r(7767),a=r(6154);function s(e){return!!(0,n.dV)().o.MO&&(0,o.V)(e)&&!0===(0,i.gD)(e,"session_trace.enabled")}function c(e){return!0===(0,i.gD)(e,"session_replay.preload")&&s(e)}function u(e,t){const r=t.correctAbsoluteTimestamp(e);return{originalTimestamp:e,correctedTimestamp:r,timestampDiff:e-r,originTime:a.WN,correctedOriginTime:t.correctedOriginTime,originTimeDiff:Math.floor(a.WN-t.correctedOriginTime)}}},3738:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{He:()=>i,Kp:()=>s,Lc:()=>u,Rz:()=>d,TZ:()=>n,bD:()=>o,d3:()=>a,jx:()=>l,uP:()=>c});const n=r(860).K7.sessionTrace,i="bstResource",o="resource",a="-start",s="-end",c="fn"+a,u="fn"+s,d="pushState",l=1e3},3962:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{AM:()=>o,O2:()=>c,Qu:()=>u,TZ:()=>s,ih:()=>d,pP:()=>a,tC:()=>i});var n=r(860);const i=["click","keydown","submit","popstate"],o="api",a="initialPageLoad",s=n.K7.softNav,c={INITIAL_PAGE_LOAD:"",ROUTE_CHANGE:1,UNSPECIFIED:2},u={INTERACTION:1,AJAX:2,CUSTOM_END:3,CUSTOM_TRACER:4},d={IP:"in progress",FIN:"finished",CAN:"cancelled"}},7378:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{$p:()=>x,BR:()=>b,Kp:()=>R,L3:()=>y,Lc:()=>c,NC:()=>o,SG:()=>d,TZ:()=>i,U6:()=>p,UT:()=>m,d3:()=>w,dT:()=>f,e5:()=>A,gx:()=>v,l9:()=>l,oW:()=>h,op:()=>g,rw:()=>u,tH:()=>T,uP:()=>s,wW:()=>E,xq:()=>a});var n=r(384);const i=r(860).K7.spa,o=["click","submit","keypress","keydown","keyup","change"],a=999,s="fn-start",c="fn-end",u="cb-start",d="api-ixn-",l="remaining",f="interaction",h="spaNode",p="jsonpNode",g="fetch-start",m="fetch-done",v="fetch-body-",b="jsonp-end",y=(0,n.dV)().o.ST,w="-start",R="-end",x="-body",E="cb"+R,A="jsTime",T="fetch"},4234:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>o});var n=r(7836),i=r(1687);class o{constructor(e,t){this.agentIdentifier=e,this.ee=n.ee.get(e),this.featureName=t,this.blocked=!1}deregisterDrain(){(0,i.x3)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName)}}},7767:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{V:()=>o});var n=r(9417),i=r(6154);const o=e=>i.RI&&!0===(0,n.gD)(e,"privacy.cookies_enabled")},8969:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{j:()=>O});var n=r(860),i=r(2555),o=r(3371),a=r(9908),s=r(7836),c=r(1687),u=r(5289),d=r(6154),l=r(944),f=r(8154),h=r(384),p=r(6344);const g=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease","recordCustomEvent","addPageAction","setCurrentRouteName","setPageViewName","setCustomAttribute","interaction","noticeError","setUserId","setApplicationVersion","start",p.G4.RECORD,p.G4.PAUSE,"log","wrapLogger"],m=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease"];var v=r(1863),b=r(2614),y=r(993),w=r(3785),R=r(9414);function x(){const e=(0,h.pV)();g.forEach((t=>{e[t]=(...r)=>function(t,...r){let n=[];return Object.values(e.initializedAgents).forEach((e=>{e&&e.api?e.exposed&&e.api[t]&&n.push(e.api[t](...r)):(0,l.R)(38,t)})),n.length>1?n:n[0]}(t,...r)}))}const E={};var A=r(9417),T=r(5603),N=r(5284);const S=e=>{const t=e.startsWith("http");e+="/",r.p=t?e:"https://"+e};let _=!1;function O(e,t={},g,O){let{init:I,info:P,loader_config:j,runtime:C={},exposed:k=!0}=t;C.loaderType=g;const L=(0,h.pV)();P||(I=L.init,P=L.info,j=L.loader_config),(0,A.xN)(e.agentIdentifier,I||{}),(0,T.a)(e.agentIdentifier,j||{}),P.jsAttributes??={},d.bv&&(P.jsAttributes.isWorker=!0),(0,i.x1)(e.agentIdentifier,P);const H=(0,A.D0)(e.agentIdentifier),M=[P.beacon,P.errorBeacon];_||(H.proxy.assets&&(S(H.proxy.assets),M.push(H.proxy.assets)),H.proxy.beacon&&M.push(H.proxy.beacon),x(),(0,h.US)("activatedFeatures",N.B),e.runSoftNavOverSpa&&=!0===H.soft_navigations.enabled&&H.feature_flags.includes("soft_nav")),C.denyList=[...H.ajax.deny_list||[],...H.ajax.block_internal?M:[]],C.ptid=e.agentIdentifier,(0,o.V)(e.agentIdentifier,C),e.ee=s.ee.get(e.agentIdentifier),void 0===e.api&&(e.api=function(e,t,h=!1){t||(0,c.Ak)(e,"api");const g={};var x=s.ee.get(e),A=x.get("tracer");E[e]=b.g.OFF,x.on(p.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(t=>{E[e]=t}));var T="api-",N=T+"ixn-";function S(t,r,n,o){const a=(0,i.Vp)(e);return null===r?delete a.jsAttributes[t]:(0,i.x1)(e,{...a,jsAttributes:{...a.jsAttributes,[t]:r}}),I(T,n,!0,o||null===r?"session":void 0)(t,r)}function _(){}g.log=function(e,{customAttributes:t={},level:r=y.p_.INFO}={}){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/log/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,x),(0,w.R)(x,e,t,r)},g.wrapLogger=(e,t,{customAttributes:r={},level:i=y.p_.INFO}={})=>{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/wrapLogger/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,x),(0,R.J)(x,e,t,{customAttributes:r,level:i})},m.forEach((e=>{g[e]=I(T,e,!0,"api")})),g.addPageAction=I(T,"addPageAction",!0,n.K7.genericEvents),g.recordCustomEvent=I(T,"recordCustomEvent",!0,n.K7.genericEvents),g.setPageViewName=function(t,r){if("string"==typeof t)return"/"!==t.charAt(0)&&(t="/"+t),(0,o.f)(e).customTransaction=(r||"http://custom.transaction")+t,I(T,"setPageViewName",!0)()},g.setCustomAttribute=function(e,t,r=!1){if("string"==typeof e){if(["string","number","boolean"].includes(typeof t)||null===t)return S(e,t,"setCustomAttribute",r);(0,l.R)(40,typeof t)}else(0,l.R)(39,typeof e)},g.setUserId=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return S("enduser.id",e,"setUserId",!0);(0,l.R)(41,typeof e)},g.setApplicationVersion=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return S("application.version",e,"setApplicationVersion",!1);(0,l.R)(42,typeof e)},g.start=()=>{try{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/start/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,x),x.emit("manual-start-all")}catch(e){(0,l.R)(23,e)}},g[p.G4.RECORD]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/recordReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,x),(0,a.p)(p.G4.RECORD,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,x)},g[p.G4.PAUSE]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/pauseReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,x),(0,a.p)(p.G4.PAUSE,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,x)},g.interaction=function(e){return(new _).get("object"==typeof e?e:{})};const O=_.prototype={createTracer:function(e,t){var r={},i=this,o="function"==typeof t;return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/createTracer/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,x),h||(0,a.p)(N+"tracer",[(0,v.t)(),e,r],i,n.K7.spa,x),function(){if(A.emit((o?"":"no-")+"fn-start",[(0,v.t)(),i,o],r),o)try{return t.apply(this,arguments)}catch(e){const t="string"==typeof e?new Error(e):e;throw A.emit("fn-err",[arguments,this,t],r),t}finally{A.emit("fn-end",[(0,v.t)()],r)}}}};function I(e,t,r,i){return function(){return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/"+t+"/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,x),i&&(0,a.p)(e+t,[r?(0,v.t)():performance.now(),...arguments],r?null:this,i,x),r?void 0:this}}function P(){r.e(478).then(r.bind(r,8778)).then((({setAPI:t})=>{t(e),(0,c.Ze)(e,"api")})).catch((e=>{(0,l.R)(27,e),x.abort()}))}return["actionText","setName","setAttribute","save","ignore","onEnd","getContext","end","get"].forEach((e=>{O[e]=I(N,e,void 0,h?n.K7.softNav:n.K7.spa)})),g.setCurrentRouteName=h?I(N,"routeName",void 0,n.K7.softNav):I(T,"routeName",!0,n.K7.spa),g.noticeError=function(t,r){"string"==typeof t&&(t=new Error(t)),(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/noticeError/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,x),(0,a.p)("err",[t,(0,v.t)(),!1,r,!!E[e]],void 0,n.K7.jserrors,x)},d.RI?(0,u.GG)((()=>P()),!0):P(),g}(e.agentIdentifier,O,e.runSoftNavOverSpa)),void 0===e.exposed&&(e.exposed=k),_=!0}},8374:(e,t,r)=>{r.nc=(()=>{try{return document?.currentScript?.nonce}catch(e){}return""})()},860:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{$J:()=>u,K7:()=>s,P3:()=>c,XX:()=>i,qY:()=>n,v4:()=>a});const n="events",i="jserrors",o="browser/blobs",a="rum",s={ajax:"ajax",genericEvents:"generic_events",jserrors:i,logging:"logging",metrics:"metrics",pageAction:"page_action",pageViewEvent:"page_view_event",pageViewTiming:"page_view_timing",sessionReplay:"session_replay",sessionTrace:"session_trace",softNav:"soft_navigations",spa:"spa"},c={[s.pageViewEvent]:1,[s.pageViewTiming]:2,[s.metrics]:3,[s.jserrors]:4,[s.spa]:5,[s.ajax]:6,[s.sessionTrace]:7,[s.softNav]:8,[s.sessionReplay]:9,[s.logging]:10,[s.genericEvents]:11},u={[s.pageViewEvent]:a,[s.pageViewTiming]:n,[s.ajax]:n,[s.spa]:n,[s.softNav]:n,[s.metrics]:i,[s.jserrors]:i,[s.sessionTrace]:o,[s.sessionReplay]:o,[s.logging]:"browser/logs",[s.genericEvents]:"ins"}}},n={};function i(e){var t=n[e];if(void 0!==t)return t.exports;var o=n[e]={exports:{}};return r[e](o,o.exports,i),o.exports}i.m=r,i.d=(e,t)=>{for(var r in t)i.o(t,r)&&!i.o(e,r)&&Object.defineProperty(e,r,{enumerable:!0,get:t[r]})},i.f={},i.e=e=>Promise.all(Object.keys(i.f).reduce(((t,r)=>(i.f[r](e,t),t)),[])),i.u=e=>({212:"nr-spa-compressor",249:"nr-spa-recorder",478:"nr-spa"}[e]+"-1.283.1.min.js"),i.o=(e,t)=>Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,t),e={},t="NRBA-1.283.1.PROD:",i.l=(r,n,o,a)=>{if(e[r])e[r].push(n);else{var s,c;if(void 0!==o)for(var u=document.getElementsByTagName("script"),d=0;d<u.length;d++){var l=u[d];if(l.getAttribute("src")==r||l.getAttribute("data-webpack")==t+o){s=l;break}}if(!s){c=!0;var f={478:"sha512-xh2gny9FbPW5pomtWyy7hHdQHGboXB/N4nyn8DfA0WA2vCwX0A4j2oDh5iaHPZ7LExtpCN1wH+cmFhC5+XZpvw==",249:"sha512-QwbAv951CmpiBMYrGDX13s51PFIraP7TGD1mhcZv8jILwi1qPZbPL+c98zB6u5kWpOPcdfGLroZW+38lG3ZVHA==",212:"sha512-hVJwKgbpekN6SB9bmRkjdGJxXRXeHDsrVRlTC1EMUEYSeaO8NWR6CjzsDA2iUrhmD1sv4p1TCx6tYULmyZ2Tbw=="};(s=document.createElement("script")).charset="utf-8",s.timeout=120,i.nc&&s.setAttribute("nonce",i.nc),s.setAttribute("data-webpack",t+o),s.src=r,0!==s.src.indexOf(window.location.origin+"/")&&(s.crossOrigin="anonymous"),f[a]&&(s.integrity=f[a])}e[r]=[n];var h=(t,n)=>{s.onerror=s.onload=null,clearTimeout(p);var i=e[r];if(delete e[r],s.parentNode&&s.parentNode.removeChild(s),i&&i.forEach((e=>e(n))),t)return t(n)},p=setTimeout(h.bind(null,void 0,{type:"timeout",target:s}),12e4);s.onerror=h.bind(null,s.onerror),s.onload=h.bind(null,s.onload),c&&document.head.appendChild(s)}},i.r=e=>{"undefined"!=typeof Symbol&&Symbol.toStringTag&&Object.defineProperty(e,Symbol.toStringTag,{value:"Module"}),Object.defineProperty(e,"__esModule",{value:!0})},i.p="https://js-agent.newrelic.com/",(()=>{var e={38:0,788:0};i.f.j=(t,r)=>{var n=i.o(e,t)?e[t]:void 0;if(0!==n)if(n)r.push(n[2]);else{var o=new Promise(((r,i)=>n=e[t]=[r,i]));r.push(n[2]=o);var a=i.p+i.u(t),s=new Error;i.l(a,(r=>{if(i.o(e,t)&&(0!==(n=e[t])&&(e[t]=void 0),n)){var o=r&&("load"===r.type?"missing":r.type),a=r&&r.target&&r.target.src;s.message="Loading chunk "+t+" failed.\n("+o+": "+a+")",s.name="ChunkLoadError",s.type=o,s.request=a,n[1](s)}}),"chunk-"+t,t)}};var t=(t,r)=>{var n,o,[a,s,c]=r,u=0;if(a.some((t=>0!==e[t]))){for(n in s)i.o(s,n)&&(i.m[n]=s[n]);if(c)c(i)}for(t&&t(r);u<a.length;u++)o=a[u],i.o(e,o)&&e[o]&&e[o][0](),e[o]=0},r=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.283.1.PROD"]=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.283.1.PROD"]||[];r.forEach(t.bind(null,0)),r.push=t.bind(null,r.push.bind(r))})(),(()=>{"use strict";i(8374);var e=i(944),t=i(6344),r=i(9566);class n{agentIdentifier;constructor(){this.agentIdentifier=(0,r.LA)(16)}#e(t,...r){if("function"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}addPageAction(e,t){return this.#e("addPageAction",e,t)}recordCustomEvent(e,t){return this.#e("recordCustomEvent",e,t)}setPageViewName(e,t){return this.#e("setPageViewName",e,t)}setCustomAttribute(e,t,r){return this.#e("setCustomAttribute",e,t,r)}noticeError(e,t){return this.#e("noticeError",e,t)}setUserId(e){return this.#e("setUserId",e)}setApplicationVersion(e){return this.#e("setApplicationVersion",e)}setErrorHandler(e){return this.#e("setErrorHandler",e)}addRelease(e,t){return this.#e("addRelease",e,t)}log(e,t){return this.#e("log",e,t)}}class o extends n{#e(t,...r){if("function"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}start(){return this.#e("start")}finished(e){return this.#e("finished",e)}recordReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.RECORD)}pauseReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.PAUSE)}addToTrace(e){return this.#e("addToTrace",e)}setCurrentRouteName(e){return this.#e("setCurrentRouteName",e)}interaction(){return this.#e("interaction")}wrapLogger(e,t,r){return this.#e("wrapLogger",e,t,r)}}var a=i(860),s=i(9417);const c=Object.values(a.K7);function u(e){const t={};return c.forEach((r=>{t[r]=function(e,t){return!0===(0,s.gD)(t,"".concat(e,".enabled"))}(r,e)})),t}var d=i(8969);var l=i(1687),f=i(4234),h=i(5289),p=i(6154),g=i(5270),m=i(7767),v=i(6389);class b extends f.W{constructor(e,t,r=!0){super(e.agentIdentifier,t),this.auto=r,this.abortHandler=void 0,this.featAggregate=void 0,this.onAggregateImported=void 0,!1===e.init[this.featureName].autoStart&&(this.auto=!1),this.auto?(0,l.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,t):this.ee.on("manual-start-all",(0,v.J)((()=>{(0,l.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),this.auto=!0,this.importAggregator(e)})))}importAggregator(t,r={}){if(this.featAggregate||!this.auto)return;let n;this.onAggregateImported=new Promise((e=>{n=e}));const o=async()=>{let o;try{if((0,m.V)(this.agentIdentifier)){const{setupAgentSession:e}=await i.e(478).then(i.bind(i,6526));o=e(t)}}catch(t){(0,e.R)(20,t),this.ee.emit("internal-error",[t]),this.featureName===a.K7.sessionReplay&&this.abortHandler?.()}try{if(!this.#t(this.featureName,o))return(0,l.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),void n(!1);const{lazyFeatureLoader:e}=await i.e(478).then(i.bind(i,6103)),{Aggregate:a}=await e(this.featureName,"aggregate");this.featAggregate=new a(t,r),t.runtime.harvester.initializedAggregates.push(this.featAggregate),n(!0)}catch(t){(0,e.R)(34,t),this.abortHandler?.(),(0,l.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName,!0),n(!1),this.ee&&this.ee.abort()}};p.RI?(0,h.GG)((()=>o()),!0):o()}#t(e,t){switch(e){case a.K7.sessionReplay:return(0,g.SR)(this.agentIdentifier)&&!!t;case a.K7.sessionTrace:return!!t;default:return!0}}}var y=i(6630);class w extends b{static featureName=y.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,y.T,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}var R=i(384);var x=i(9908),E=i(2843),A=i(3878),T=i(782),N=i(1863);class S extends b{static featureName=T.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,T.T,t),p.RI&&((0,E.u)((()=>(0,x.p)("docHidden",[(0,N.t)()],void 0,T.T,this.ee)),!0),(0,A.sp)("pagehide",(()=>(0,x.p)("winPagehide",[(0,N.t)()],void 0,T.T,this.ee))),this.importAggregator(e))}}var _=i(8154);class O extends b{static featureName=_.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,_.TZ,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}var I=i(6774),P=i(3304);class j{constructor(e,t,r,n,i){this.name="UncaughtError",this.message="string"==typeof e?e:(0,P.A)(e),this.sourceURL=t,this.line=r,this.column=n,this.__newrelic=i}}function C(e){return H(e)?e:new j(void 0!==e?.message?e.message:e,e?.filename||e?.sourceURL,e?.lineno||e?.line,e?.colno||e?.col,e?.__newrelic)}function k(e){const t="Unhandled Promise Rejection";if(!e?.reason)return;if(H(e.reason))try{return e.reason.message=t+": "+e.reason.message,C(e.reason)}catch(t){return C(e.reason)}const r=C(e.reason);return r.message=t+": "+r?.message,r}function L(e){if(e.error instanceof SyntaxError&&!/:\d+$/.test(e.error.stack?.trim())){const t=new j(e.message,e.filename,e.lineno,e.colno,e.error.__newrelic);return t.name=SyntaxError.name,t}return H(e.error)?e.error:C(e)}function H(e){return e instanceof Error&&!!e.stack}class M extends b{static featureName=I.T;#r=!1;constructor(e,r=!0){super(e,I.T,r);try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}this.ee.on("internal-error",((e,t)=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,x.p)("ierr",[C(e),(0,N.t)(),!0,{},this.#r,t],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)})),this.ee.on(t.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(e=>{this.#r=e})),p.gm.addEventListener("unhandledrejection",(e=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,x.p)("err",[k(e),(0,N.t)(),!1,{unhandledPromiseRejection:1},this.#r],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)}),(0,A.jT)(!1,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),p.gm.addEventListener("error",(e=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,x.p)("err",[L(e),(0,N.t)(),!1,{},this.#r],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)}),(0,A.jT)(!1,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),this.abortHandler=this.#n,this.importAggregator(e)}#n(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),this.abortHandler=void 0}}var D=i(8990);let K=1;const U="nr@id";function V(e){const t=typeof e;return!e||"object"!==t&&"function"!==t?-1:e===p.gm?0:(0,D.I)(e,U,(function(){return K++}))}function G(e){if("string"==typeof e&&e.length)return e.length;if("object"==typeof e){if("undefined"!=typeof ArrayBuffer&&e instanceof ArrayBuffer&&e.byteLength)return e.byteLength;if("undefined"!=typeof Blob&&e instanceof Blob&&e.size)return e.size;if(!("undefined"!=typeof FormData&&e instanceof FormData))try{return(0,P.A)(e).length}catch(e){return}}}var F=i(8139),B=i(7836),W=i(3434);const z={},q=["open","send"];function Z(t){var r=t||B.ee;const n=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("xhr")}(r);if(void 0===p.gm.XMLHttpRequest)return n;if(z[n.debugId]++)return n;z[n.debugId]=1,(0,F.u)(r);var i=(0,W.YM)(n),o=p.gm.XMLHttpRequest,a=p.gm.MutationObserver,s=p.gm.Promise,c=p.gm.setInterval,u="readystatechange",d=["onload","onerror","onabort","onloadstart","onloadend","onprogress","ontimeout"],l=[],f=p.gm.XMLHttpRequest=function(t){const r=new o(t),a=n.context(r);try{n.emit("new-xhr",[r],a),r.addEventListener(u,(s=a,function(){var e=this;e.readyState>3&&!s.resolved&&(s.resolved=!0,n.emit("xhr-resolved",[],e)),i.inPlace(e,d,"fn-",y)}),(0,A.jT)(!1))}catch(t){(0,e.R)(15,t);try{n.emit("internal-error",[t])}catch(e){}}var s;return r};function h(e,t){i.inPlace(t,["onreadystatechange"],"fn-",y)}if(function(e,t){for(var r in e)t[r]=e[r]}(o,f),f.prototype=o.prototype,i.inPlace(f.prototype,q,"-xhr-",y),n.on("send-xhr-start",(function(e,t){h(e,t),function(e){l.push(e),a&&(g?g.then(b):c?c(b):(m=-m,v.data=m))}(t)})),n.on("open-xhr-start",h),a){var g=s&&s.resolve();if(!c&&!s){var m=1,v=document.createTextNode(m);new a(b).observe(v,{characterData:!0})}}else r.on("fn-end",(function(e){e[0]&&e[0].type===u||b()}));function b(){for(var e=0;e<l.length;e++)h(0,l[e]);l.length&&(l=[])}function y(e,t){return t}return n}var Y="fetch-",J=Y+"body-",X=["arrayBuffer","blob","json","text","formData"],Q=p.gm.Request,ee=p.gm.Response,te="prototype";const re={};function ne(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("fetch")}(e);if(!(Q&&ee&&p.gm.fetch))return t;if(re[t.debugId]++)return t;function r(e,r,n){var i=e[r];"function"==typeof i&&(e[r]=function(){var e,r=[...arguments],o={};t.emit(n+"before-start",[r],o),o[B.P]&&o[B.P].dt&&(e=o[B.P].dt);var a=i.apply(this,r);return t.emit(n+"start",[r,e],a),a.then((function(e){return t.emit(n+"end",[null,e],a),e}),(function(e){throw t.emit(n+"end",[e],a),e}))})}return re[t.debugId]=1,X.forEach((e=>{r(Q[te],e,J),r(ee[te],e,J)})),r(p.gm,"fetch",Y),t.on(Y+"end",(function(e,r){var n=this;if(r){var i=r.headers.get("content-length");null!==i&&(n.rxSize=i),t.emit(Y+"done",[null,r],n)}else t.emit(Y+"done",[e],n)})),t}var ie=i(7485),oe=i(5603);class ae{constructor(e){this.agentIdentifier=e}generateTracePayload(e){if(!this.shouldGenerateTrace(e))return null;var t=(0,oe.o)(this.agentIdentifier);if(!t)return null;var n=(t.accountID||"").toString()||null,i=(t.agentID||"").toString()||null,o=(t.trustKey||"").toString()||null;if(!n||!i)return null;var a=(0,r.ZF)(),s=(0,r.el)(),c=Date.now(),u={spanId:a,traceId:s,timestamp:c};return(e.sameOrigin||this.isAllowedOrigin(e)&&this.useTraceContextHeadersForCors())&&(u.traceContextParentHeader=this.generateTraceContextParentHeader(a,s),u.traceContextStateHeader=this.generateTraceContextStateHeader(a,c,n,i,o)),(e.sameOrigin&&!this.excludeNewrelicHeader()||!e.sameOrigin&&this.isAllowedOrigin(e)&&this.useNewrelicHeaderForCors())&&(u.newrelicHeader=this.generateTraceHeader(a,s,c,n,i,o)),u}generateTraceContextParentHeader(e,t){return"00-"+t+"-"+e+"-01"}generateTraceContextStateHeader(e,t,r,n,i){return i+"@nr=0-1-"+r+"-"+n+"-"+e+"----"+t}generateTraceHeader(e,t,r,n,i,o){if(!("function"==typeof p.gm?.btoa))return null;var a={v:[0,1],d:{ty:"Browser",ac:n,ap:i,id:e,tr:t,ti:r}};return o&&n!==o&&(a.d.tk=o),btoa((0,P.A)(a))}shouldGenerateTrace(e){return this.isDtEnabled()&&this.isAllowedOrigin(e)}isAllowedOrigin(e){var t=!1,r={};if((0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing")&&(r=(0,s.D0)(this.agentIdentifier).distributed_tracing),e.sameOrigin)t=!0;else if(r.allowed_origins instanceof Array)for(var n=0;n<r.allowed_origins.length;n++){var i=(0,ie.D)(r.allowed_origins[n]);if(e.hostname===i.hostname&&e.protocol===i.protocol&&e.port===i.port){t=!0;break}}return t}isDtEnabled(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.enabled}excludeNewrelicHeader(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.exclude_newrelic_header}useNewrelicHeaderForCors(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!1!==e.cors_use_newrelic_header}useTraceContextHeadersForCors(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.cors_use_tracecontext_headers}}var se=i(9300),ce=i(7295),ue=["load","error","abort","timeout"],de=ue.length,le=(0,R.dV)().o.REQ,fe=(0,R.dV)().o.XHR;class he extends b{static featureName=se.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,se.T,t),this.dt=new ae(e.agentIdentifier),this.handler=(e,t,r,n)=>(0,x.p)(e,t,r,n,this.ee);try{const e={xmlhttprequest:"xhr",fetch:"fetch",beacon:"beacon"};p.gm?.performance?.getEntriesByType("resource").forEach((t=>{if(t.initiatorType in e&&0!==t.responseStatus){const r={status:t.responseStatus},n={rxSize:t.transferSize,duration:Math.floor(t.duration),cbTime:0};pe(r,t.name),this.handler("xhr",[r,n,t.startTime,t.responseEnd,e[t.initiatorType]],void 0,a.K7.ajax)}}))}catch(e){}ne(this.ee),Z(this.ee),function(e,t,r,n){function i(e){var t=this;t.totalCbs=0,t.called=0,t.cbTime=0,t.end=R,t.ended=!1,t.xhrGuids={},t.lastSize=null,t.loadCaptureCalled=!1,t.params=this.params||{},t.metrics=this.metrics||{},e.addEventListener("load",(function(r){E(t,e)}),(0,A.jT)(!1)),p.lR||e.addEventListener("progress",(function(e){t.lastSize=e.loaded}),(0,A.jT)(!1))}function o(e){this.params={method:e[0]},pe(this,e[1]),this.metrics={}}function s(t,r){e.loader_config.xpid&&this.sameOrigin&&r.setRequestHeader("X-NewRelic-ID",e.loader_config.xpid);var i=n.generateTracePayload(this.parsedOrigin);if(i){var o=!1;i.newrelicHeader&&(r.setRequestHeader("newrelic",i.newrelicHeader),o=!0),i.traceContextParentHeader&&(r.setRequestHeader("traceparent",i.traceContextParentHeader),i.traceContextStateHeader&&r.setRequestHeader("tracestate",i.traceContextStateHeader),o=!0),o&&(this.dt=i)}}function c(e,r){var n=this.metrics,i=e[0],o=this;if(n&&i){var a=G(i);a&&(n.txSize=a)}this.startTime=(0,N.t)(),this.body=i,this.listener=function(e){try{"abort"!==e.type||o.loadCaptureCalled||(o.params.aborted=!0),("load"!==e.type||o.called===o.totalCbs&&(o.onloadCalled||"function"!=typeof r.onload)&&"function"==typeof o.end)&&o.end(r)}catch(e){try{t.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(e){}}};for(var s=0;s<de;s++)r.addEventListener(ue[s],this.listener,(0,A.jT)(!1))}function u(e,t,r){this.cbTime+=e,t?this.onloadCalled=!0:this.called+=1,this.called!==this.totalCbs||!this.onloadCalled&&"function"==typeof r.onload||"function"!=typeof this.end||this.end(r)}function d(e,t){var r=""+V(e)+!!t;this.xhrGuids&&!this.xhrGuids[r]&&(this.xhrGuids[r]=!0,this.totalCbs+=1)}function l(e,t){var r=""+V(e)+!!t;this.xhrGuids&&this.xhrGuids[r]&&(delete this.xhrGuids[r],this.totalCbs-=1)}function f(){this.endTime=(0,N.t)()}function h(e,r){r instanceof fe&&"load"===e[0]&&t.emit("xhr-load-added",[e[1],e[2]],r)}function g(e,r){r instanceof fe&&"load"===e[0]&&t.emit("xhr-load-removed",[e[1],e[2]],r)}function m(e,t,r){t instanceof fe&&("onload"===r&&(this.onload=!0),("load"===(e[0]&&e[0].type)||this.onload)&&(this.xhrCbStart=(0,N.t)()))}function v(e,r){this.xhrCbStart&&t.emit("xhr-cb-time",[(0,N.t)()-this.xhrCbStart,this.onload,r],r)}function b(e){var t,r=e[1]||{};if("string"==typeof e[0]?0===(t=e[0]).length&&p.RI&&(t=""+p.gm.location.href):e[0]&&e[0].url?t=e[0].url:p.gm?.URL&&e[0]&&e[0]instanceof URL?t=e[0].href:"function"==typeof e[0].toString&&(t=e[0].toString()),"string"==typeof t&&0!==t.length){t&&(this.parsedOrigin=(0,ie.D)(t),this.sameOrigin=this.parsedOrigin.sameOrigin);var i=n.generateTracePayload(this.parsedOrigin);if(i&&(i.newrelicHeader||i.traceContextParentHeader))if(e[0]&&e[0].headers)s(e[0].headers,i)&&(this.dt=i);else{var o={};for(var a in r)o[a]=r[a];o.headers=new Headers(r.headers||{}),s(o.headers,i)&&(this.dt=i),e.length>1?e[1]=o:e.push(o)}}function s(e,t){var r=!1;return t.newrelicHeader&&(e.set("newrelic",t.newrelicHeader),r=!0),t.traceContextParentHeader&&(e.set("traceparent",t.traceContextParentHeader),t.traceContextStateHeader&&e.set("tracestate",t.traceContextStateHeader),r=!0),r}}function y(e,t){this.params={},this.metrics={},this.startTime=(0,N.t)(),this.dt=t,e.length>=1&&(this.target=e[0]),e.length>=2&&(this.opts=e[1]);var r,n=this.opts||{},i=this.target;"string"==typeof i?r=i:"object"==typeof i&&i instanceof le?r=i.url:p.gm?.URL&&"object"==typeof i&&i instanceof URL&&(r=i.href),pe(this,r);var o=(""+(i&&i instanceof le&&i.method||n.method||"GET")).toUpperCase();this.params.method=o,this.body=n.body,this.txSize=G(n.body)||0}function w(e,t){if(this.endTime=(0,N.t)(),this.params||(this.params={}),(0,ce.iW)(this.params))return;let n;this.params.status=t?t.status:0,"string"==typeof this.rxSize&&this.rxSize.length>0&&(n=+this.rxSize);const i={txSize:this.txSize,rxSize:n,duration:(0,N.t)()-this.startTime};r("xhr",[this.params,i,this.startTime,this.endTime,"fetch"],this,a.K7.ajax)}function R(e){const t=this.params,n=this.metrics;if(!this.ended){this.ended=!0;for(let t=0;t<de;t++)e.removeEventListener(ue[t],this.listener,!1);t.aborted||(0,ce.iW)(t)||(n.duration=(0,N.t)()-this.startTime,this.loadCaptureCalled||4!==e.readyState?null==t.status&&(t.status=0):E(this,e),n.cbTime=this.cbTime,r("xhr",[t,n,this.startTime,this.endTime,"xhr"],this,a.K7.ajax))}}function E(e,r){e.params.status=r.status;var n=function(e,t){var r=e.responseType;return"json"===r&&null!==t?t:"arraybuffer"===r||"blob"===r||"json"===r?G(e.response):"text"===r||""===r||void 0===r?G(e.responseText):void 0}(r,e.lastSize);if(n&&(e.metrics.rxSize=n),e.sameOrigin){var i=r.getResponseHeader("X-NewRelic-App-Data");i&&((0,x.p)(_.rs,["Ajax/CrossApplicationTracing/Header/Seen"],void 0,a.K7.metrics,t),e.params.cat=i.split(", ").pop())}e.loadCaptureCalled=!0}t.on("new-xhr",i),t.on("open-xhr-start",o),t.on("open-xhr-end",s),t.on("send-xhr-start",c),t.on("xhr-cb-time",u),t.on("xhr-load-added",d),t.on("xhr-load-removed",l),t.on("xhr-resolved",f),t.on("addEventListener-end",h),t.on("removeEventListener-end",g),t.on("fn-end",v),t.on("fetch-before-start",b),t.on("fetch-start",y),t.on("fn-start",m),t.on("fetch-done",w)}(e,this.ee,this.handler,this.dt),this.importAggregator(e)}}function pe(e,t){var r=(0,ie.D)(t),n=e.params||e;n.hostname=r.hostname,n.port=r.port,n.protocol=r.protocol,n.host=r.hostname+":"+r.port,n.pathname=r.pathname,e.parsedOrigin=r,e.sameOrigin=r.sameOrigin}const ge={},me=["pushState","replaceState"];function ve(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("history")}(e);return!p.RI||ge[t.debugId]++||(ge[t.debugId]=1,(0,W.YM)(t).inPlace(window.history,me,"-")),t}var be=i(3738);const{He:ye,bD:we,d3:Re,Kp:xe,TZ:Ee,Lc:Ae,uP:Te,Rz:Ne}=be;class Se extends b{static featureName=Ee;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,Ee,t);if(!(0,m.V)(this.agentIdentifier))return void this.deregisterDrain();const r=this.ee;let n;ve(r),this.eventsEE=(0,F.u)(r),this.eventsEE.on(Te,(function(e,t){this.bstStart=(0,N.t)()})),this.eventsEE.on(Ae,(function(e,t){(0,x.p)("bst",[e[0],t,this.bstStart,(0,N.t)()],void 0,a.K7.sessionTrace,r)})),r.on(Ne+Re,(function(e){this.time=(0,N.t)(),this.startPath=location.pathname+location.hash})),r.on(Ne+xe,(function(e){(0,x.p)("bstHist",[location.pathname+location.hash,this.startPath,this.time],void 0,a.K7.sessionTrace,r)}));try{n=new PerformanceObserver((e=>{const t=e.getEntries();(0,x.p)(ye,[t],void 0,a.K7.sessionTrace,r)})),n.observe({type:we,buffered:!0})}catch(e){}this.importAggregator(e,{resourceObserver:n})}}var _e=i(2614);class Oe extends b{static featureName=t.TZ;#i;#o;constructor(e,r=!0){let n;super(e,t.TZ,r),this.replayRunning=!1,this.#o=e;try{n=JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem("".concat(_e.H3,"_").concat(_e.uh)))}catch(e){}(0,g.SR)(e.agentIdentifier)&&this.ee.on(t.G4.RECORD,(()=>this.#a())),this.#s(n)?(this.#i=n?.sessionReplayMode,this.#c()):this.importAggregator(e),this.ee.on("err",(e=>{this.replayRunning&&(this.errorNoticed=!0,(0,x.p)(t.G4.ERROR_DURING_REPLAY,[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee))})),this.ee.on(t.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(e=>{this.replayRunning=e}))}#s(e){return e&&(e.sessionReplayMode===_e.g.FULL||e.sessionReplayMode===_e.g.ERROR)||(0,g.Aw)(this.agentIdentifier)}#u=!1;async#c(e){if(!this.#u){this.#u=!0;try{const{Recorder:t}=await Promise.all([i.e(478),i.e(249)]).then(i.bind(i,8589));this.recorder??=new t({mode:this.#i,agentIdentifier:this.agentIdentifier,trigger:e,ee:this.ee,agentRef:this.#o}),this.recorder.startRecording(),this.abortHandler=this.recorder.stopRecording}catch(e){}this.importAggregator(this.#o,{recorder:this.recorder,errorNoticed:this.errorNoticed})}}#a(){this.featAggregate?this.featAggregate.mode!==_e.g.FULL&&this.featAggregate.initializeRecording(_e.g.FULL,!0):(this.#i=_e.g.FULL,this.#c(t.Qb.API),this.recorder&&this.recorder.parent.mode!==_e.g.FULL&&(this.recorder.parent.mode=_e.g.FULL,this.recorder.stopRecording(),this.recorder.startRecording(),this.abortHandler=this.recorder.stopRecording))}}var Ie=i(3962);class Pe extends b{static featureName=Ie.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){if(super(e,Ie.TZ,t),!p.RI||!(0,R.dV)().o.MO)return;const r=ve(this.ee);Ie.tC.forEach((e=>{(0,A.sp)(e,(e=>{a(e)}),!0)}));const n=()=>(0,x.p)("newURL",[(0,N.t)(),""+window.location],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee);r.on("pushState-end",n),r.on("replaceState-end",n);try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}(0,A.sp)("popstate",(e=>(0,x.p)("newURL",[e.timeStamp,""+window.location],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)),!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal);let i=!1;const o=new((0,R.dV)().o.MO)(((e,t)=>{i||(i=!0,requestAnimationFrame((()=>{(0,x.p)("newDom",[(0,N.t)()],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee),i=!1})))})),a=(0,v.s)((e=>{(0,x.p)("newUIEvent",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee),o.observe(document.body,{attributes:!0,childList:!0,subtree:!0,characterData:!0})}),100,{leading:!0});this.abortHandler=function(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),o.disconnect(),this.abortHandler=void 0},this.importAggregator(e,{domObserver:o})}}var je=i(7378);const Ce={},ke=["appendChild","insertBefore","replaceChild"];function Le(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("jsonp")}(e);if(!p.RI||Ce[t.debugId])return t;Ce[t.debugId]=!0;var r=(0,W.YM)(t),n=/[?&](?:callback|cb)=([^&#]+)/,i=/(.*)\.([^.]+)/,o=/^(\w+)(\.|$)(.*)$/;function a(e,t){if(!e)return t;const r=e.match(o),n=r[1];return a(r[3],t[n])}return r.inPlace(Node.prototype,ke,"dom-"),t.on("dom-start",(function(e){!function(e){if(!e||"string"!=typeof e.nodeName||"script"!==e.nodeName.toLowerCase())return;if("function"!=typeof e.addEventListener)return;var o=(s=e.src,c=s.match(n),c?c[1]:null);var s,c;if(!o)return;var u=function(e){var t=e.match(i);if(t&&t.length>=3)return{key:t[2],parent:a(t[1],window)};return{key:e,parent:window}}(o);if("function"!=typeof u.parent[u.key])return;var d={};function l(){t.emit("jsonp-end",[],d),e.removeEventListener("load",l,(0,A.jT)(!1)),e.removeEventListener("error",f,(0,A.jT)(!1))}function f(){t.emit("jsonp-error",[],d),t.emit("jsonp-end",[],d),e.removeEventListener("load",l,(0,A.jT)(!1)),e.removeEventListener("error",f,(0,A.jT)(!1))}r.inPlace(u.parent,[u.key],"cb-",d),e.addEventListener("load",l,(0,A.jT)(!1)),e.addEventListener("error",f,(0,A.jT)(!1)),t.emit("new-jsonp",[e.src],d)}(e[0])})),t}const He={};function Me(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("promise")}(e);if(He[t.debugId])return t;He[t.debugId]=!0;var r=t.context,n=(0,W.YM)(t),i=p.gm.Promise;return i&&function(){function e(r){var o=t.context(),a=n(r,"executor-",o,null,!1);const s=Reflect.construct(i,[a],e);return t.context(s).getCtx=function(){return o},s}p.gm.Promise=e,Object.defineProperty(e,"name",{value:"Promise"}),e.toString=function(){return i.toString()},Object.setPrototypeOf(e,i),["all","race"].forEach((function(r){const n=i[r];e[r]=function(e){let i=!1;[...e||[]].forEach((e=>{this.resolve(e).then(a("all"===r),a(!1))}));const o=n.apply(this,arguments);return o;function a(e){return function(){t.emit("propagate",[null,!i],o,!1,!1),i=i||!e}}}})),["resolve","reject"].forEach((function(r){const n=i[r];e[r]=function(e){const r=n.apply(this,arguments);return e!==r&&t.emit("propagate",[e,!0],r,!1,!1),r}})),e.prototype=i.prototype;const o=i.prototype.then;i.prototype.then=function(...e){var i=this,a=r(i);a.promise=i,e[0]=n(e[0],"cb-",a,null,!1),e[1]=n(e[1],"cb-",a,null,!1);const s=o.apply(this,e);return a.nextPromise=s,t.emit("propagate",[i,!0],s,!1,!1),s},i.prototype.then[W.Jt]=o,t.on("executor-start",(function(e){e[0]=n(e[0],"resolve-",this,null,!1),e[1]=n(e[1],"resolve-",this,null,!1)})),t.on("executor-err",(function(e,t,r){e[1](r)})),t.on("cb-end",(function(e,r,n){t.emit("propagate",[n,!0],this.nextPromise,!1,!1)})),t.on("propagate",(function(e,r,n){this.getCtx&&!r||(this.getCtx=function(){if(e instanceof Promise)var r=t.context(e);return r&&r.getCtx?r.getCtx():this})}))}(),t}const De={},Ke="setTimeout",Ue="setInterval",Ve="clearTimeout",Ge="-start",Fe=[Ke,"setImmediate",Ue,Ve,"clearImmediate"];function Be(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("timer")}(e);if(De[t.debugId]++)return t;De[t.debugId]=1;var r=(0,W.YM)(t);return r.inPlace(p.gm,Fe.slice(0,2),Ke+"-"),r.inPlace(p.gm,Fe.slice(2,3),Ue+"-"),r.inPlace(p.gm,Fe.slice(3),Ve+"-"),t.on(Ue+Ge,(function(e,t,n){e[0]=r(e[0],"fn-",null,n)})),t.on(Ke+Ge,(function(e,t,n){this.method=n,this.timerDuration=isNaN(e[1])?0:+e[1],e[0]=r(e[0],"fn-",this,n)})),t}const We={};function ze(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("mutation")}(e);if(!p.RI||We[t.debugId])return t;We[t.debugId]=!0;var r=(0,W.YM)(t),n=p.gm.MutationObserver;return n&&(window.MutationObserver=function(e){return this instanceof n?new n(r(e,"fn-")):n.apply(this,arguments)},MutationObserver.prototype=n.prototype),t}const{TZ:qe,d3:Ze,Kp:Ye,$p:Je,wW:Xe,e5:$e,tH:Qe,uP:et,rw:tt,Lc:rt}=je;class nt extends b{static featureName=qe;constructor(e,t=!0){if(super(e,qe,t),!p.RI)return;try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}let r,n=0;const i=this.ee.get("tracer"),o=Le(this.ee),a=Me(this.ee),s=Be(this.ee),c=Z(this.ee),u=this.ee.get("events"),d=ne(this.ee),l=ve(this.ee),f=ze(this.ee);function h(e,t){l.emit("newURL",[""+window.location,t])}function g(){n++,r=window.location.hash,this[et]=(0,N.t)()}function m(){n--,window.location.hash!==r&&h(0,!0);var e=(0,N.t)();this[$e]=~~this[$e]+e-this[et],this[rt]=e}function v(e,t){e.on(t,(function(){this[t]=(0,N.t)()}))}this.ee.on(et,g),a.on(tt,g),o.on(tt,g),this.ee.on(rt,m),a.on(Xe,m),o.on(Xe,m),this.ee.on("fn-err",((...t)=>{t[2]?.__newrelic?.[e.agentIdentifier]||(0,x.p)("function-err",[...t],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)})),this.ee.buffer([et,rt,"xhr-resolved"],this.featureName),u.buffer([et],this.featureName),s.buffer(["setTimeout"+Ye,"clearTimeout"+Ze,et],this.featureName),c.buffer([et,"new-xhr","send-xhr"+Ze],this.featureName),d.buffer([Qe+Ze,Qe+"-done",Qe+Je+Ze,Qe+Je+Ye],this.featureName),l.buffer(["newURL"],this.featureName),f.buffer([et],this.featureName),a.buffer(["propagate",tt,Xe,"executor-err","resolve"+Ze],this.featureName),i.buffer([et,"no-"+et],this.featureName),o.buffer(["new-jsonp","cb-start","jsonp-error","jsonp-end"],this.featureName),v(d,Qe+Ze),v(d,Qe+"-done"),v(o,"new-jsonp"),v(o,"jsonp-end"),v(o,"cb-start"),l.on("pushState-end",h),l.on("replaceState-end",h),window.addEventListener("hashchange",h,(0,A.jT)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),window.addEventListener("load",h,(0,A.jT)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),window.addEventListener("popstate",(function(){h(0,n>1)}),(0,A.jT)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),this.abortHandler=this.#n,this.importAggregator(e)}#n(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),this.abortHandler=void 0}}var it=i(3333);class ot extends b{static featureName=it.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,it.TZ,t);const r=[e.init.page_action.enabled,e.init.performance.capture_marks,e.init.performance.capture_measures,e.init.user_actions.enabled,e.init.performance.resources.enabled];if(p.RI&&(e.init.user_actions.enabled&&(it.Zp.forEach((e=>(0,A.sp)(e,(e=>(0,x.p)("ua",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)),!0))),it.qN.forEach((e=>{const t=(0,v.s)((e=>{(0,x.p)("ua",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)}),500,{leading:!0});(0,A.sp)(e,t)}))),e.init.performance.resources.enabled&&p.gm.PerformanceObserver?.supportedEntryTypes.includes("resource"))){new PerformanceObserver((e=>{e.getEntries().forEach((e=>{(0,x.p)("browserPerformance.resource",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)}))})).observe({type:"resource",buffered:!0})}r.some((e=>e))?this.importAggregator(e):this.deregisterDrain()}}var at=i(993),st=i(3785),ct=i(9414);class ut extends b{static featureName=at.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,at.TZ,t);const r=this.ee;(0,ct.J)(r,p.gm.console,"log",{level:"info"}),(0,ct.J)(r,p.gm.console,"error",{level:"error"}),(0,ct.J)(r,p.gm.console,"warn",{level:"warn"}),(0,ct.J)(r,p.gm.console,"info",{level:"info"}),(0,ct.J)(r,p.gm.console,"debug",{level:"debug"}),(0,ct.J)(r,p.gm.console,"trace",{level:"trace"}),this.ee.on("wrap-logger-end",(function([e]){const{level:t,customAttributes:n}=this;(0,st.R)(r,e,n,t)})),this.importAggregator(e)}}new class extends o{constructor(t){super(),p.gm?(this.features={},(0,R.bQ)(this.agentIdentifier,this),this.desiredFeatures=new Set(t.features||[]),this.desiredFeatures.add(w),this.runSoftNavOverSpa=[...this.desiredFeatures].some((e=>e.featureName===a.K7.softNav)),(0,d.j)(this,t,t.loaderType||"agent"),this.run()):(0,e.R)(21)}get config(){return{info:this.info,init:this.init,loader_config:this.loader_config,runtime:this.runtime}}run(){try{const t=u(this.agentIdentifier),r=[...this.desiredFeatures];r.sort(((e,t)=>a.P3[e.featureName]-a.P3[t.featureName])),r.forEach((r=>{if(!t[r.featureName]&&r.featureName!==a.K7.pageViewEvent)return;if(this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.spa)return;if(!this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.softNav)return;const n=function(e){switch(e){case a.K7.ajax:return[a.K7.jserrors];case a.K7.sessionTrace:return[a.K7.ajax,a.K7.pageViewEvent];case a.K7.sessionReplay:return[a.K7.sessionTrace];case a.K7.pageViewTiming:return[a.K7.pageViewEvent];default:return[]}}(r.featureName).filter((e=>!(e in this.features)));n.length>0&&(0,e.R)(36,{targetFeature:r.featureName,missingDependencies:n}),this.features[r.featureName]=new r(this)}))}catch(t){(0,e.R)(22,t);for(const e in this.features)this.features[e].abortHandler?.();const r=(0,R.Zm)();delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.api,delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.features,delete this.sharedAggregator;return r.ee.get(this.agentIdentifier).abort(),!1}}}({features:[he,w,S,Se,Oe,O,M,ot,ut,Pe,nt],loaderType:"spa"})})()})();</script> <meta http-equiv="imagetoolbar" content="false" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" />  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-L1D9PT8Y60"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-L1D9PT8Y60'); </script> <meta property="og:title" content="Joint Meetings, Joint Sessions, &amp; Inaugurations | US House of Representatives: History, Art & Archives" /> <meta property="og:description" content="The two houses of Congress generally work separately, but on occasion the House of Representatives and the Senate gather together. Moments of great significance have taken place when the two houses hold such meetings. This chart lists those occasions where Congress meets as a single body since the First Congress (1789–1791).Joint Meetings or Joint Sessions?The parliamentary difference between a Joint Meeting and a Joint Session has evolved over time. At present, the distinctions have these features:A Joint Meeting takes place when the House and Senate agree to recess and meet with the other chamber. The purpose of a joint meeting has usually been for Congress to hear an address from an important figure—generally a visiting foreign leader. This practice became a standard part of foreign leaders’ state visits to the United States after 1945.A Joint Session takes place when the House and Senate adopt a concurrent resolution. Joint Sessions typically are reserved to hear an address from the President of the United States or to count presidential electoral votes as specified by the U.S. Constitution (Article I, section 1; 12th Amendment). On January 6, 1941, two Joint Sessions were held the same day: to count the presidential electoral votes and to hear President Franklin Roosevelt deliver his Annual Message to Congress.The Speaker of the House of Representatives usually presides over Joint Sessions and Joint Meetings; however, the President of the Senate presides over Joint Sessions where the electoral votes are counted, as required by the Constitution (Article I, section 1; 12th Amendment).The Annual Message and the State of the Union AddressThe Constitution states that the President will “give to the Congress Information of the State of the Union, and recommend to their Consideration such Measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient” (Article II, section 3). For the first decade of the national government Presidents appeared in person before a Joint Session of Congress to deliver their annual messages. Beginning with Thomas Jefferson in 1801, Presidents sent the Annual Message in writing to be read by House clerks and Senate secretaries respectively. In 1913, President Woodrow Wilson resurrected delivering the Annual Message in person to a Joint Session of Congress. Beginning with the 80th Congress (1949–1951) the appearance of the President to deliver the Annual Message has been termed the “State of the Union Address.”Electoral Count and Presidential InaugurationsThe House and Senate also come together in ways important to the President. The Constitution specifies that all presidential electoral votes are counted “in the presence of the Senate and House of Representatives” with the President of the Senate presiding (Article II, section 1; 12th Amendment). The electoral count has taken place without problems save for the disputed electoral votes challenged in 1877 when a special Electoral Commission made up of Representatives, Senators, and Supreme Court Justices reviewed the disputed ballots. Congress has hosted inaugurations since the first occasion in 1789. Inaugurations have always have been formal joint gatherings, and sometimes they also were joint sessions. Inaugurations were Joint Sessions when both houses of Congress were in session, and they processed to the ceremony as part of the business of the day. In many cases, however, one or both houses were not in session or were in recess at the time of the ceremony. In this table, inaugurations that were not Joint Sessions are listed in the second column. Those that were Joint Sessions are so identified and described in the third column.Fast FactsWhen Congress met in New York City from 1789–1790, joint gatherings were held in the Senate Chamber in Federal Hall.While Congress met in Philadelphia from 1790–1799, it met in Congress Hall. Joint gatherings were initially held in the Senate Chamber from 1790 to 1793.Beginning in 1794, the Hall of the House of Representatives in Philadelphia’s Congress Hall hosted joint gatherings of Congress.After the Capitol moved to Washington in 1800, the Senate Chamber was used for joint gatherings through 1805.Since 1809, with few exceptions, Joint Sessions and Joint Meetings have occurred in the Hall of the House.From France’s Marquis de Lafayette’s address in 1824 through Mexican President Jose Lopez Portillo in 1977, the House of Representatives often invited foreign dignitaries to address the chamber in what was known as a House Reception. In the modern era, the practice of using one-chamber receptions largely disappeared. For more information, please visit, Foreign Leaders and Dignitaries Who Have Addressed Congress." /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://history.house.gov/images/facebook_placeholder.png" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://history.house.gov/Institution/Joint-Sessions/Joint-Sessions/" /> <meta property="twitter:card" content="summary" /> <meta property="twitter:site" content="@USHouseHistory" /> <meta id="metaTwitterTitle" property="twitter:title" content="Joint Meetings, Joint Sessions, &amp; Inaugurations | US House of Representatives: History, Art & Archives" /> <meta id="metaTwitterDescription" property="twitter:description" content="The two houses of Congress generally work separately, but on occasion the House of Representatives and the Senate gather together. Moments of great significance have taken place when the two houses hold such meetings. This chart lists those occasions where Congress meets as a single body since the First Congress (1789–1791).Joint Meetings or Joint Sessions?The parliamentary difference between a Joint Meeting and a Joint Session has evolved over time. At present, the distinctions have these features:A Joint Meeting takes place when the House and Senate agree to recess and meet with the other chamber. The purpose of a joint meeting has usually been for Congress to hear an address from an important figure—generally a visiting foreign leader. This practice became a standard part of foreign leaders’ state visits to the United States after 1945.A Joint Session takes place when the House and Senate adopt a concurrent resolution. Joint Sessions typically are reserved to hear an address from the President of the United States or to count presidential electoral votes as specified by the U.S. Constitution (Article I, section 1; 12th Amendment). On January 6, 1941, two Joint Sessions were held the same day: to count the presidential electoral votes and to hear President Franklin Roosevelt deliver his Annual Message to Congress.The Speaker of the House of Representatives usually presides over Joint Sessions and Joint Meetings; however, the President of the Senate presides over Joint Sessions where the electoral votes are counted, as required by the Constitution (Article I, section 1; 12th Amendment).The Annual Message and the State of the Union AddressThe Constitution states that the President will “give to the Congress Information of the State of the Union, and recommend to their Consideration such Measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient” (Article II, section 3). For the first decade of the national government Presidents appeared in person before a Joint Session of Congress to deliver their annual messages. Beginning with Thomas Jefferson in 1801, Presidents sent the Annual Message in writing to be read by House clerks and Senate secretaries respectively. In 1913, President Woodrow Wilson resurrected delivering the Annual Message in person to a Joint Session of Congress. Beginning with the 80th Congress (1949–1951) the appearance of the President to deliver the Annual Message has been termed the “State of the Union Address.”Electoral Count and Presidential InaugurationsThe House and Senate also come together in ways important to the President. The Constitution specifies that all presidential electoral votes are counted “in the presence of the Senate and House of Representatives” with the President of the Senate presiding (Article II, section 1; 12th Amendment). The electoral count has taken place without problems save for the disputed electoral votes challenged in 1877 when a special Electoral Commission made up of Representatives, Senators, and Supreme Court Justices reviewed the disputed ballots. Congress has hosted inaugurations since the first occasion in 1789. Inaugurations have always have been formal joint gatherings, and sometimes they also were joint sessions. Inaugurations were Joint Sessions when both houses of Congress were in session, and they processed to the ceremony as part of the business of the day. In many cases, however, one or both houses were not in session or were in recess at the time of the ceremony. In this table, inaugurations that were not Joint Sessions are listed in the second column. Those that were Joint Sessions are so identified and described in the third column.Fast FactsWhen Congress met in New York City from 1789–1790, joint gatherings were held in the Senate Chamber in Federal Hall.While Congress met in Philadelphia from 1790–1799, it met in Congress Hall. Joint gatherings were initially held in the Senate Chamber from 1790 to 1793.Beginning in 1794, the Hall of the House of Representatives in Philadelphia’s Congress Hall hosted joint gatherings of Congress.After the Capitol moved to Washington in 1800, the Senate Chamber was used for joint gatherings through 1805.Since 1809, with few exceptions, Joint Sessions and Joint Meetings have occurred in the Hall of the House.From France’s Marquis de Lafayette’s address in 1824 through Mexican President Jose Lopez Portillo in 1977, the House of Representatives often invited foreign dignitaries to address the chamber in what was known as a House Reception. In the modern era, the practice of using one-chamber receptions largely disappeared. For more information, please visit, Foreign Leaders and Dignitaries Who Have Addressed Congress." /> <meta id="metaTwitterImage" property="twitter:image" content="https://history.house.gov/images/facebook_placeholder.png" /> <title> Joint Meetings, Joint Sessions, & Inaugurations | US House of Representatives: History, Art & Archives </title> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_css/reset.css?nc=022120250927" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_css/common.css?nc=022120250927" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_css/960_24_col.css?nc=022120250927" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_css/layout.css?nc=022120250927" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_css/type.css?nc=022120250927" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_css/replace.css?nc=022120250927" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_css/callouts.css?nc=022120250927" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_css/debug.css?nc=022120250927" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_jquery-ui-1.13.2/jquery-ui.min.css?nc=022120250927" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_mediaelement/mediaelementplayer.min.css?nc=022120250927" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_css/carousel2.css?nc=022120250927" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_plyr/plyr.css?nc=022120250927" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_css/advanced-media.css?nc=022120250927" /> <link href="/_fontawesome/font-awesome-4.7.0/css/font-awesome.min.css" rel="stylesheet" /> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/_images/favicon.ico" /> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="/_images/favicon.png" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_js/swfobject.js?nc=022120250927"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_js/jquery-3.6.4.min.js?nc=022120250927"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_js/jquery.tablesorter.min.js?nc=022120250927"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_js/jquery.hoverIntent.minified.js?nc=022120250927"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_js/jquery.scrollTo.min.js?nc=022120250927"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_jquery-ui-1.13.2/jquery-ui.min.js?nc=022120250927"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_mediaelement/mediaelement-and-player.min.js?nc=022120250927"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_openseadragon/openseadragon.js?nc=022120250927"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_plyr/plyr.polyfilled.min.js?nc=022120250927"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_js/UTIL.js?nc=022120250927"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_js/UTIL.MATH.js?nc=022120250927"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_js/OHH.js?nc=022120250927"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_js/OHH.smallviewer.js?nc=022120250927"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_js/OHH.largeviewer.js?nc=022120250927"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_js/OHH.flowplayer.js?nc=022120250927"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_js/OHH.seadragon.js?nc=022120250927"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_js/OHH.meganav.js?nc=022120250927"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_js/jquery.unobtrusive-ajax.js?nc=022120250927"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_js/OHH.carousel.js?nc=022120250927"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_gsap/gsap.min.js?nc=022120250927"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_js/ohh-carousel2.js?nc=022120250927"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_js/ohh-share.js?nc=022120250927"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_js/ohh-advanced-media.js?nc=022120250927"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_js/ohh-dropdown-template.js?nc=022120250927"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_js/ailtire/ailtire.js?nc=022120250927"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_js/ailtire/ajax.js?nc=022120250927"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> var OHH = OHH || {}; OHH.current_congress = 119; </script> <link href="/_css/layout-general-detail.css?nc=022120250927" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/_css/print.css?nc=022120250927" media="print" /> <link href="/_css/mobile.css?ns=022120250927" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> <script src="/_js/OHH.mobile.js?ns=022120250927"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> var gaVideo='TODO'; var gaVideoTrackingEnabled = false; </script> </head> <body class=" debug base three-col-menu general-detail detail-page-three-column section-institution"> <div class="header-wrap"> <div class="header-bar"> <div class="inner"> <a href="/" class="replace logo_history_art_archives">United States House of Representatives: History, Art, & Archives</a> <ul class="header-menu menu inline"> <li><a href="/Map/Mapping-Congress/">Map</a></li> <li><a href="/Blog/OHH-Blog/">Blog</a></li> <li><a href="/Media/">Multimedia</a></li> <li><a href="/About/">About</a></li> </ul> <form action="/Search" class="search-box" method="post"> <fieldset> <legend class="visuallyhidden">Search the website</legend> <input name="Term" type="text" class="search-keywords" value="" name="search" title="Keywords" /> <input name="Command" type="submit" class="search-submit replace sprite button btn_search_icon" value="Search" /> </fieldset> </form> <div class="congressional-link"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="main-menu"> <div class="inner"> <ul class="menu inline"> <li class="main-menu-1"><a href="/Institution/" class="replace menu_institution">Institution</a></li> <li class="main-menu-2"><a href="/People/" class="replace menu_people">People</a></li> <li class="main-menu-3"><a href="/Exhibitions-and-Publications/" class="replace menu_exhibitions_publications">Exhibitions & Publications</a></li> <li class="main-menu-4"><a href="/Collection/" class="replace menu_collections">Collections</a></li> <li class="main-menu-5"><a href="/Oral-History/" class="replace menu_oral_history">Oral History</a></li> <li class="main-menu-6"><a href="/Education/" class="replace menu_education">Education</a></li> <li class="main-menu-7"><a href="/Records-and-Research/" class="replace menu_records_research">Records & Research</a></li> </ul> <div class="meganav meganav-1 hidden"> <span class="white"></span> <div class="col col1"> <ul> <li><a href="/Congressional-Overview/Profiles/1st/">Congressional Profiles</a></li> <li><a href="/HistoricalHighlight/Search/">Historical Highlights</a></li> <li><a href="/Institution/Origins-Development/Origins-Development/">Origins & Development: From the Constitution to the Modern House</a></li> <li><a href="/Elections/">Elections & Vacancies</a></li> <li><a href="/Institution/Seniority/House-Service-Seniority/">House Service & Seniority</a></li> <li><a href="/Institution/Apportionment/Apportionment/">Congressional Apportionment</a></li> <li><a href="/Institution/Electoral-College/Electoral-College/">Electoral College Fast Facts</a></li> <li><a href="/Institution/Firsts-Milestones/Firsts-Milestones/">Firsts & Milestones</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col col2"> <ul> <li><a href="/Institution/Party-Divisions/Party-Divisions/">Party Divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/Institution/Session-Dates/Session-Dates/">Session Dates of Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/Institution/Saturday-Sunday/Saturday-Sunday/">Saturday & Sunday Legislative Days</a></li> <li><a href="/Institution/Joint-Sessions/Joint-Sessions/">Joint Meetings, Joint Sessions, & Inaugurations</a></li> <li><a href="/Institution/Presidents-Coinciding/Presidents-Coinciding/">Presidents, Vice Presidents, & Coinciding Sessions of Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/Institution/Presidential-Vetoes/Presidential-Vetoes/">Presidential Vetoes</a></li> <li><a href="/Institution/Origins-Development/Power-of-the-Purse/Power-of-the-Purse/">The Power of the Purse</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col col3"> <ul> <li><a href="/Institution/Gold-Medal/Gold-Medal-Recipients/">Congressional Gold Medal Recipients</a></li> <li><a href="/Institution/Lie-In-State/Lie-In-State-Honor/">Individuals Who Have Lain in State or Honor</a></li> <li><a href="/Institution/Funerals/Chamber-Funerals/">Funerals in the House Chamber</a></li> <li><a href="/Institution/Foreign-Leaders/Foreign-Leaders/">Foreign Leaders and Dignitaries Who Have Addressed the U.S. Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/Institution/SOTU/State-of-the-Union/">State of the Union</a></li> <li><a href="/Institution/House-Calendars/House-Calendars/">Calendars of the House of Representatives</a></li> <li><a href="/Institution/Resumes-of-Congressional-Activity/Resumes-Of-Congressional-Activitity/">Résumés Of Congressional Activitity</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="featured"> <h2 class="replace title_graphic_featured_meganav">Featured</h2> <div class="callout-image-box"> <a href="/HistoricalHighlight/Search/"> <img alt="Search Historical Highlights of the House" src="https://historycms.house.gov/assets/41413.jpeg?wd=90" /> </a> <h3><a href="/HistoricalHighlight/Search/">Search Historical Highlights of the House</a></h3> </div> <div class="callout-image-box"> <a href="/Institution/Foreign-Leaders/Foreign-Leaders/"> <img alt="Learn about Foreign Leader Addresses" src="https://historycms.house.gov/assets/15032421143.asset?wd=90" /> </a> <h3><a href="/Institution/Foreign-Leaders/Foreign-Leaders/">Learn about Foreign Leader Addresses</a></h3> </div> </div> </div> <div class="meganav meganav-2 hidden"> <span class="white"></span> <div class="col col1"> <ul> <li><a href="/People/Search/">People Search</a></li> <li><a href="/Map/Mapping-Congress/">Mapping Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/People/Office/Speakers-Intro/">Speakers of the House</a></li> <li><a href="/People/Office/Majority-Leaders/">Majority Leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/People/Office/Minority-Leaders/">Minority Leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/People/Office/Democratic-Whips/">Democratic Whips</a></li> <li><a href="/People/Office/Republican-Whips/">Republican Whips</a></li> <li><a href="/People/Office/Democratic-Caucus-Chairs/">Democratic Caucus Chairs</a></li> <li><a href="/People/Office/Republican-Conference-Chairs/">Republican Conference Chairs</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col col2"> <ul> <li><a href="/People/Office/Clerks/">Clerks of the House</a></li> <li><a href="/People/Office/Chaplains/">Chaplains of the House</a></li> <li><a href="/People/Office/Chief-Administrative-Officers/">Chief Administrative Officers of the House</a></li> <li><a href="/People/Office/Parliamentarians/">Parliamentarians of the House</a></li> <li><a href="/People/Office/Sergeants-at-Arms/">Sergeants at Arms</a></li> <li><a href="/People/Freshman-Class-Leaders/Freshman-Class-Leaders/">Freshman Class Leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/People/Appointed-Officials/Appointed-Officials/">Appointed Officials of the House</a></li> <li><a href="/People/Continental-Congress/Continental-Confederation-Congresses/">Continental and Confederation Congresses</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col col3"> <ul> <li><a href="/People/Office/Postmasters/">Postmasters of the House</a></li> <li><a href="/People/Office/Doorkeepers/">Doorkeepers of the House</a></li> <li><a href="/People/McCormack-Award/">John W. McCormack Annual Award of Excellence to Congressional Employees</a></li> <li><a href="/People/Named-Rooms/">Named Rooms of the House</a></li> <li><a href="/People/Other-Office/Supreme-Court/">House Members Who Became U.S. Supreme Court Justices</a></li> <li><a href="/People/Other-Office/President/">House Members Who Received Electoral College Votes</a></li> <li><a href="/People/Other-Office/Cabinet-List/">House Members Who Served in the Cabinet</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="featured"> <h2 class="replace title_graphic_featured_meganav">Featured</h2> <div class="callout-image-box"> <a href="/People/Search/"> <img alt="Search the People of the House" src="https://historycms.house.gov/assets/31766.jpeg?wd=90" /> </a> <h3><a href="/People/Search/">Search the People of the House</a></h3> </div> <div class="callout-image-box"> <a href="/People/Office/Majority-Leaders/"> <img alt="Majority Leaders" src="https://historycms.house.gov/assets/107.asset?wd=90" /> </a> <h3><a href="/People/Office/Majority-Leaders/">Majority Leaders</a></h3> </div> </div> </div> <div class="meganav meganav-3 hidden"> <span class="white"></span> <div class="col col1"> <ul> <li><a href="/apa/">Asian and Pacific Islander Americans in Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/baic/">Black Americans in Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/Exhibitions-and-Publications/HAIC/Hispanic-Americans-in-Congress/">Hispanic Americans in Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/Exhibition-and-Publications/WIC/Women-in-Congress/">Women in Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/Concise-Speaker-History/">“A Chair Made Illustrious”: A Concise History of the U.S. House Speakership</a></li> <li><a href="/Exhibitions-and-Publications/WIC/Century-of-Women-Jeannette-Rankin/">Jeannette Rankin’s Historic Election: A Century of Women in Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/Exhibitions-and-Publications/BAIC/Joseph-Rainey-150-Years/">Joseph H. Rainey: 150 Years of Black Americans Elected to Congress</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col col2"> <ul> <li><a href="/Exhibitions-and-Publications/How-the-House-Works/">How the House Works</a></li> <li><a href="/Exhibitions-and-Publications/Postcards/Introduction/">The Capitol and the Golden Age of Postcards</a></li> <li><a href="/Exhibitions-and-Publications/Portraits/Intro/">Portraits in the House of Representatives</a></li> <li><a href="/Exhibitions-and-Publications/Capitol/">What’s in the Capitol?</a></li> <li><a href="/Exhibitions-and-Publications/House-Office-Buildings/House-Office-Buildings/">House Office Buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/exhibitions-and-publications/Campaigns/Introduction/">Campaign Collectibles: Running for Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/Exhibitions-and-Publications/Souvenirs/Souvenir-intro/">The Tourist’s Capitol</a></li> <li><a href="/the-first-women-in-congress/">The First Women in Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/Exhibitions-and-Publications/On-Display/">On Display: Exhibitions from the House Collection</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col col3"> <ul> <li><a href="/Exhibitions-and-Publications/Civil-Rights/Civil-Rights/">The House and Civil Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/Exhibitions-and-Publications/Johnson-Impeachment/">Impeachment: President Andrew Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/peoples-house/">The People’s House: A Guide to Its History, Spaces, and Traditions</a></li> <li><a href="/Exhibitions-and-Publications/Electronic-Technology/House-Technology/">Electronic Technology in the House of Representatives</a></li> <li><a href="/Exhibitions-and-Publications/Page-History/House-Page-History/">History of the House Page Program</a></li> <li><a href="/Exhibitions-and-Publications/1954-Shooting/1954/">The 1954 Shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/Exhibitions-and-Publications/Baseball-Game/Congressional-Baseball/">An Annual Outing: The Congressional Baseball Game</a></li> <li><a href="/Exhibitions-and-Publications/Florence-Kahn/Florence-Kahn/">Florence Kahn: Congressional Widow to Trailblazing Lawmaker</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="featured"> <h2 class="replace title_graphic_featured_meganav">Featured</h2> <div class="callout-image-box"> <a href="/baic/"> <img alt="Black Americans in Congress" src="https://historycms.house.gov/assets/25769813655.asset?wd=90" /> </a> <h3><a href="/baic/">Black Americans in Congress</a></h3> </div> <div class="callout-image-box"> <a href="/peoples-house/"> <img alt="The People’s House" src="https://historycms.house.gov/assets/25769810995.asset?wd=90" /> </a> <h3><a href="/peoples-house/">The People’s House</a></h3> </div> </div> </div> <div class="meganav meganav-4 hidden"> <span class="white"></span> <div class="col col1"> <ul> <li><a href="/Collection/Search/">Collections Search</a></li> <li><a href="/Collection/Search?Subject=Events">Events</a></li> <li><a href="/Collection/Search?Classification=Furniture+%26+Decorative+Arts">Furniture & Decorative Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/Collection/Search?Classification=Historical%20Artifacts">Historical Artifacts</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col col2"> <ul> <li><a href="/Collection/Search?Subject=Life%20in%20the%20House">Life in the House</a></li> <li><a href="/Collection/Search?Classification=Painting+%26+Sculpture">Painting & Sculpture</a></li> <li><a href="/Collection/Search?Subject=People">People</a></li> <li><a href="/Collection/Search?Classification=Photographs">Photographs</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col col3"> <ul> <li><a href="/Collection/Search?Subject=Places">Places</a></li> <li><a href="/Collection/Search?Subject=Popular%20Culture">Popular Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/Collection/Search?Classification=Prints+%26+Drawings">Prints & Drawings</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="featured"> <h2 class="replace title_graphic_featured_meganav">Featured</h2> <div class="callout-image-box"> <a href="/Collection/Listing/2006/2006-162-000/"> <img alt="Mace of the U.S. House of Represen- tatives" src="https://historycms.house.gov/assets/37820.jpeg?wd=90" /> </a> <h3><a href="/Collection/Listing/2006/2006-162-000/">Mace of the U.S. House of Represen- tatives</a></h3> </div> </div> </div> <div class="meganav meganav-5 hidden"> <span class="white"></span> <div class="col col1"> <ul> <li><a href="/Oral-History/Search/">Oral History Search</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History/Interviewee-Listing/Interviewees/">List of Interviewees</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History/Projects/">Projects</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col col2"> <ul> <li><a href="/Oral-History/Rainey/">The Long Struggle for Representation: Oral Histories of African Americans in Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History/Events/1954-Shooting/">1954 Shooting in the House Chamber</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History/Century-of-Women/">A Century of Women in Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History/Events/Civil-Rights/">Civil Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History/Documentaries/">Documentaries</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History/Objects/">House Collection Objects</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col col3"> <ul> <li><a href="/Oral-History/Institution/Pages/">House Pages</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History/Institutional-Interviews/">Institutional Interviews</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History/Events/September-11/September-11-2001/">September 11, 2001</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History/Events/Watergate/">Watergate</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History/Events/World-War-II/">World War II</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="featured"> <h2 class="replace title_graphic_featured_meganav">Featured</h2> <div class="callout-image-box"> <a href="/Oral-History/Search/"> <img alt="Search All Oral History Media" src="https://historycms.house.gov/assets/25769813959.asset?wd=90" /> </a> <h3><a href="/Oral-History/Search/">Search All Oral History Media</a></h3> </div> </div> </div> <div class="meganav meganav-6 hidden"> <span class="white"></span> <div class="col col1"> <ul> <li><a href="/Education/NHD/NHD-Resources/">National History Day 2025: Rights and Responsibilities in History</a></li> <li><a href="/Education/Publications/">Download or Request our Publications</a></li> <li><a href="/Education/Primary-Sources/Primary-Source-Sets/PSS/">Primary Source Sets</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col col2"> <ul> <li><a href="/Education/Primary-Sources/Students-Guide/SG/">Student Guides</a></li> <li><a href="/Education/Primary-Sources/Primary-Source-Analysis/">Tools for Teaching with Primary Sources</a></li> <li><a href="/Education/Lesson-Plans/Education-Lesson-Plans/">Lesson Plans</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col col3"> <ul> <li><a href="/Education/Fact-Sheets/Education-Fact-Sheets/">Education Fact Sheets</a></li> <li><a href="/Education/Capitol-Tour/Capitol-Tour/">Time for a Tour: Visiting the People’s House</a></li> <li><a href="/Education/Lesson-Plans/Glossary/">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/Education/Timeline/Timeline/">Timeline</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="featured"> <h2 class="replace title_graphic_featured_meganav">Featured</h2> <div class="callout-image-box"> <a href="/Education/NHD/NHD-Resources/"> <img alt="Resources for National History Day" src="https://historycms.house.gov/assets/36507223216.asset?wd=90" /> </a> <h3><a href="/Education/NHD/NHD-Resources/">Resources for National History Day</a></h3> </div> </div> </div> <div class="meganav meganav-7 hidden"> <span class="white"></span> <div class="col col1"> <ul> <li><a href="/HouseRecord/Search/">Records Search</a></li> <li><a href="/Records-and-Research/House-Records/">Researching the House: Official Records</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col col2"> <ul> <li><a href="/Records-and-Research/Outside-Research/">Researching the House: Other Primary Sources</a></li> <li><a href="/Records-and-Research/Bibliographies/">Researching the House: Bibliographies</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col col3"> <ul> <li><a href="/Records-and-Research/References/">Researching the House: Secondary Sources</a></li> <li><a href="/Records-and-Research/Finding-Aids/Finding-Aids-for-Official-House-Records/">Finding Aids for Official House Records</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="featured"> <h2 class="replace title_graphic_featured_meganav">Featured</h2> <div class="callout-image-box"> <a href="/HouseRecord/Search/"> <img alt="Records Search: Explore Primary Sources" src="https://historycms.house.gov/assets/15032436808.asset?wd=90" /> </a> <h3><a href="/HouseRecord/Search/">Records Search: Explore Primary Sources</a></h3> </div> </div> </div> <div class="meganav meganav-8 hidden"> <span class="white"></span> <div class="col col1"> <ul> </ul> </div> <div class="col col2"> <ul> </ul> </div> <div class="col col3"> <ul> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="meganav meganav-9 hidden"> <span class="white"></span> <div class="col col1"> <ul> </ul> </div> <div class="col col2"> <ul> </ul> </div> <div class="col col3"> <ul> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="meganav meganav-10 hidden"> <span class="white"></span> <div class="col col1"> <ul> </ul> </div> <div class="col col2"> <ul> </ul> </div> <div class="col col3"> <ul> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="meganav meganav-11 hidden"> <span class="white"></span> <div class="col col1"> <ul> <li><a href="/About/">About</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col col2"> <ul> </ul> </div> <div class="col col3"> <ul> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="glow"> </div> </div> <div class="hatched"> <div class="tools-wrap container_24"> <div class="inner grid_24 clearfix"> <ul class="breadcrumb menu inline"> <li> <a href="/Home/">Home</a> > </li> <li> <a href="/Institution/">Institution</a> </li> </ul> <ul class="tools menu inline"> <li><a href="#" class="js replace tri-state button btn_recommend " data-id="28715" title="Vote to feature this on the home page.">Vote to feature this on the home page</a></li> <li><a href="#" class="js replace sprite button btn_cite">Cite</a></li> <li><a href="#" class="js replace sprite button btn_print">Print</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="content-wrap"> <div class="inner container_24 clearfix"> <div class="grid_24 everything"> <div class="inner"> <div class="grid_6 alpha menu-column"> <div class="inner"> <div class="section-title"> <a href="/Institution/Joint-Sessions/Joint-Sessions/">Joint Meetings, Joint Sessions, & Inaugurations</a> </div> <ul class="menu"> <li > <a href="/Institution/Joint-Sessions/1-19/">1st to 19th Congresses</a> </li> <li > <a href="/Institution/Joint-Sessions/20-39/">20th to 39th Congresses</a> </li> <li > <a href="/Institution/Joint-Sessions/40-59/">40th to 59th Congresses</a> </li> <li > <a href="/Institution/Joint-Sessions/60-79/">60th to 79th Congresses</a> </li> <li > <a href="/Institution/Joint-Sessions/80-99/">80th to 99th Congresses</a> </li> <li > <a href="/Institution/Joint-Sessions/100-Current/">100th to Current Congresses</a> </li> <li > <a href="/Institution/Joint-Sessions/All/">List of All Sessions</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="grid_18 omega main-column"> <div class="inner clearfix"> <h1>Joint Meetings, Joint Sessions, & Inaugurations</h1> <div class="callouts-column"> <div class="inner"> <div class="callout related-links"> <h2 class="replace title_graphic_related_links">Related Links</h2> <div class="callout-link-box"> <ul> <li><a href="/Institution/SOTU/State-of-the-Union/">State of the Union </a></li> <li><a href="/Institution/Foreign-Leaders/Foreign-Leaders/">Foreign Leaders & Dignitaries Who Address Congress </a></li> <li><a href="/Institution/Electoral-College/Electoral-College/">Electoral College Fast Facts</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="callout historical-highlights"> <h2 class="replace title_graphic_historical_highlight">Historical Highlight</h2> <div class="callout-image-box"> <a href="/Historical-Highlights/1851-1900/A-Joint-Session-to-commemorate-the-completion-of-the-Washington-Monument/"> <img src="https://historycms.house.gov/assets/37587.jpeg?wd=190" /> </a> <span class="date">February 21, 1885 </span> <h3><a href="/Historical-Highlights/1851-1900/A-Joint-Session-to-commemorate-the-completion-of-the-Washington-Monument/">A Joint Session to commemorate the completion of the Washington Monument</a></h3> </div> </div> <div class="callout historical-highlights"> <h2 class="replace title_graphic_historical_highlight">Historical Highlight</h2> <div class="callout-image-box"> <a href="/Historical-Highlights/1901-1950/The-first-time-Congress-met-for-two-Joint-Sessions-in-one-day/"> <img src="https://historycms.house.gov/assets/39963.jpeg?wd=190" /> </a> <span class="date">January 6, 1937</span> <h3><a href="/Historical-Highlights/1901-1950/The-first-time-Congress-met-for-two-Joint-Sessions-in-one-day/">The first time Congress met for two Joint Sessions in one day</a></h3> </div> </div> <div class="callout oral-histories"> <h2 class="replace title_graphic_oral_history">Oral History</h2> <div class="callout-image-box"> <a href="/Oral-History/People/Glenn-Rupp/"> <img src="https://historycms.house.gov/assets/33817.jpeg?wd=190" /> </a> <h3><a href="/Oral-History/People/Glenn-Rupp/">Joint Session of Congress</a></h3> </div> </div> <div class="callout related-collection-objects"> <h2 class="replace title_graphic_related_collection_object">Related Collection Object</h2> <div class="callout-image-box"> <a href="/Collection/Listing/2005/2005-106-000/"> <img alt="Counting the Electoral Vote - David Dudley Field Objects to the Vote of Florida" src="https://historycms.house.gov/assets/41215.jpeg?wd=190" /> </a> <h3><a href="/Collection/Listing/2005/2005-106-000/">Counting the Electoral Vote - David Dudley Field Objects to the Vote of Florida</a></h3> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div> <p>The two houses of Congress generally work separately, but on occasion the House of Representatives and the Senate gather together. Moments of great significance have taken place when the two houses hold such meetings. This chart lists those occasions where Congress meets as a single body since the First Congress (1789–1791).</p><h2>Joint Meetings or Joint Sessions?</h2><p>The parliamentary difference between a Joint Meeting and a Joint Session has evolved over time. At present, the distinctions have these features:</p><ul><li>A Joint Meeting takes place when the House and Senate agree to recess and meet with the other chamber. The purpose of a joint meeting has usually been for Congress to hear an address from an important figure—generally a visiting foreign leader. This practice became a standard part of foreign leaders’ state visits to the United States after 1945.</li><br /><li>A Joint Session takes place when the House and Senate adopt a concurrent resolution. Joint Sessions typically are reserved to hear an address from the President of the United States or to count presidential electoral votes as specified by the U.S. Constitution (Article I, section 1; 12th Amendment). On January 6, 1941, two Joint Sessions were held the same day: to count the presidential electoral votes and to hear President Franklin Roosevelt deliver his Annual Message to Congress.</li><br /><li>The Speaker of the House of Representatives usually presides over Joint Sessions and Joint Meetings; however, the President of the Senate presides over Joint Sessions where the electoral votes are counted, as required by the Constitution (Article I, section 1; 12th Amendment).</li></ul><h2>The Annual Message and the State of the Union Address</h2><p>The Constitution states that the President will “give to the Congress Information of the State of the Union, and recommend to their Consideration such Measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient” (Article II, section 3). For the first decade of the national government Presidents appeared in person before a Joint Session of Congress to deliver their annual messages. Beginning with Thomas Jefferson in 1801, Presidents sent the Annual Message in writing to be read by House clerks and Senate secretaries respectively. In 1913, President Woodrow Wilson resurrected delivering the Annual Message in person to a Joint Session of Congress. Beginning with the <a href="/Congressional-Overview/Profiles/80th/" title="80th Congress">80th Congress</a> (1949–1951) the appearance of the President to deliver the Annual Message has been termed the “<a href="/Institution/SOTU/State-of-the-Union/" title="State of the Union Address">State of the Union Address</a>.”</p><h2>Electoral Count and Presidential Inaugurations</h2><p>The House and Senate also come together in ways important to the President.<br /><br /> The Constitution specifies that all presidential electoral votes are counted “in the presence of the Senate and House of Representatives” with the President of the Senate presiding (Article II, section 1; 12th Amendment). The electoral count has taken place without problems save for the disputed electoral votes challenged in 1877 when a special Electoral Commission made up of Representatives, Senators, and Supreme Court Justices reviewed the disputed ballots.</p><p> <br /> Congress has hosted inaugurations since the first occasion in 1789. Inaugurations have always have been formal joint gatherings, and sometimes they also were joint sessions. Inaugurations were Joint Sessions when both houses of Congress were in session, and they processed to the ceremony as part of the business of the day. In many cases, however, one or both houses were not in session or were in recess at the time of the ceremony. In this table, inaugurations that were not Joint Sessions are listed in the second column. Those that were Joint Sessions are so identified and described in the third column.</p><h2>Fast Facts</h2><ul><li>When Congress met in New York City from 1789–1790, joint gatherings were held in the Senate Chamber in Federal Hall.</li><br /><li>While Congress met in Philadelphia from 1790–1799, it met in Congress Hall. Joint gatherings were initially held in the Senate Chamber from 1790 to 1793.</li><br /><li>Beginning in 1794, the Hall of the House of Representatives in Philadelphia’s Congress Hall hosted joint gatherings of Congress.</li><br /><li>After the Capitol moved to Washington in 1800, the Senate Chamber was used for joint gatherings through 1805.</li><br /><li>Since 1809, with few exceptions, Joint Sessions and Joint Meetings have occurred in the Hall of the House.</li><br /><li>From France’s Marquis de Lafayette’s address in 1824 through Mexican President Jose Lopez Portillo in 1977, the House of Representatives often invited foreign dignitaries to address the chamber in what was known as a House Reception. In the modern era, the practice of using one-chamber receptions largely disappeared. For more information, please visit, <a href="/Institution/Foreign-Leaders/Foreign-Leaders/" title="Foreign Leaders and Dignitaries Who Have Addressed Congress">Foreign Leaders and Dignitaries Who Have Addressed Congress</a>.</li></ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="footer-wrap clear"> <div class="footer container_24"> <div class="inner grid_24 clearfix"> <address>Office of the Historian: <a href="mailto:history@mail.house.gov">history@mail.house.gov</a><br /> Office of Art & Archives, Office of the Clerk: <a href="mailto:art@mail.house.gov">art@mail.house.gov</a>, <a href="mailto:archives@mail.house.gov">archives@mail.house.gov</a></address> <ul class="footer-menu menu inline"> <li><a href="/About/">Contact</a></li> <li><a href="/About/Security-and-Privacy/">Privacy</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.youtube.com/ushousehistory" rel="external" class="replace icon icon_youtube">YouTube</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="js citation hidden"> <div class="inner"> <a href="#" class="replace sprite btn_close_image_overlay">Close</a> <h2>Cite This Page</h2> <p> <em>History, Art & Archives, U.S. House of Representatives,</em> “Joint Meetings, Joint Sessions, & Inaugurations,” <a id="lnk-citation" href="https://history.house.gov/Institution/Joint-Sessions/Joint-Sessions/">https://history.house.gov/Institution/Joint-Sessions/Joint-Sessions/</a> (February 21, 2025) </p> <h3>For Additional Information</h3> <p> <strong>Office of the Historian</strong><br /><strong>Office of Art and Archives</strong> <br /> Attic, Thomas Jefferson Building<br />Washington, D.C. 20515<br />(202) 226-1300 <br /> </p> <ul> <li><a href="mailto:history@mail.house.gov" title="mailto:history@mail.house.gov">history@mail.house.gov</a></li> <li><a href="mailto:art@mail.house.gov" title="mailto:art@mail.house.gov">art@mail.house.gov</a></li> <li><a href="mailto:archives@mail.house.gov" title="mailto:archives@mail.house.gov">archives@mail.house.gov</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </body> </html>

CINXE.COM

Joint Meetings, Joint Sessions, & Inaugurations | US House of Representatives: History, Art & Archives