People | US House of Representatives: History, Art & Archives

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<div class='gradient-overlay gradient-overlay-right'></div> <div class='carousel-arrow left-arrow'></div> <div class='carousel-arrow right-arrow'></div> <div class='carousel-play'></div> <div class='carousel-dot-container filled-dot-container'> <div class='carousel-dot'></div> <div class='carousel-dot'></div> <div class='carousel-dot'></div> <div class='carousel-dot'></div> </div> <div class='carousel-dot-container unfilled-dot-container'> <div class='carousel-dot'></div> <div class='carousel-dot'></div> <div class='carousel-dot'></div> <div class='carousel-dot'></div> </div> <a class='carousel-caption'> <span class='carousel-caption-1'></span> <span class='carousel-caption-2'></span> </a> </div> </div> <div class="glow"> </div> </div> <div class="hatched"> <div class="tools-wrap container_24"> <div class="inner grid_24 clearfix"> <ul class="breadcrumb menu inline"> <li> <a href="/Home/">Home</a> </li> </ul> <ul class="tools menu inline"> <li><a href="#" class="js replace tri-state 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Use searchable profiles and historic lists to discover more about the more than 11,000 individuals elected to the House—as well as information on the officials who have served the institution. </p> </div> <div class="teasers ruled-top"> <div class="teaser"> <a href="/People/Search/"><img alt="Search the People of the People's House" src="https://historycms.house.gov/assets/0/74/82/7dd292b1-e061-47b9-8cd5-cf9679fc704d.jpg?n=3347" /></a> <h2> <a href="/People/Search/">Search the People of the People's House</a> </h2> <p> Use the multi-faceted search to learn more about the individuals of “the People’s House.” Search filters allow you to navigate through biographical, bibliographical, and research collection information by date or Congress ranges. </p> </div> <div class="teaser"> <a href="/Map/Mapping-Congress/"><img alt="Mapping Congress" src="https://historycms.house.gov/assets/0/74/82/cd052cea-ffab-4645-b5c3-8fd9ac604717.jpg?n=2122" /></a> <h2> <a href="/Map/Mapping-Congress/">Mapping Congress</a> </h2> <p> Use a dynamic map to learn more about the House of Representatives. Users can sort by Congress, Leadership, or through the Minorities in Congress series. </p> </div> <div class="teaser"> <a href="/People/Office/Speakers/"><img alt="Speakers of the House (1789 to present)" src="https://historycms.house.gov/assets/0/74/82/73beb675-6eda-47cb-9ec2-8c249469c7fc.jpg?n=570" /></a> <h2> <a href="/People/Office/Speakers/">Speakers of the House (1789 to present)</a> </h2> <p> Article I, Section 2 of the Constitution states: <i>“The House of Representatives shall chuse their Speaker and other Officers.” </i>When Congress first convened in 1789, the House chose Frederick A.C. Muhlenberg as the first individual to serve as Speaker. </p> </div> <div class="teaser"> <a href="/People/Office/Majority-Leaders/"><img alt="Majority Leaders of the House (1899 to present)" src="https://historycms.house.gov/assets/0/74/82/605c18e1-395b-4c13-83c1-40a1907b7342.jpg?n=7020" /></a> <h2> <a href="/People/Office/Majority-Leaders/">Majority Leaders of the House (1899 to present)</a> </h2> <p> Defined by tradition since the late 19th century, the Majority Leader is charged with scheduling legislation for floor consideration and planning the daily, weekly, and annual legislative agendas. </p> </div> <div class="teaser"> <a href="/People/Office/Minority-Leaders/"><img alt="Minority Leaders of the House (1899 to present)" src="https://historycms.house.gov/assets/0/74/82/2d5e3542-6211-49a1-87f5-25756a70bbce.jpg?n=6064" /></a> <h2> <a href="/People/Office/Minority-Leaders/">Minority Leaders of the House (1899 to present)</a> </h2> <p> The floor leader for the "loyal opposition," the Minority Leader serves as the counterpart to the Speaker of the House. He or she speaks for the minority party’s policies and protects its rights. </p> </div> <div class="teaser"> <a href="/People/Office/Democratic-Whips/"><img alt="Democratic Whips (1899 to present)" src="https://historycms.house.gov/assets/0/74/82/fa3a88fb-fb08-480b-8200-f75ddd30a968.jpg?n=1968" /></a> <h2> <a href="/People/Office/Democratic-Whips/">Democratic Whips (1899 to present)</a> </h2> <p> The Democratic Whip assists his or her party’s leadership with managing its legislative program on the House floor. </p> </div> <div class="teaser"> <a href="/People/Office/Republican-Whips/"><img alt="Republican Whips (1897 to present)" src="https://historycms.house.gov/assets/0/74/82/28a1f178-e5b7-4983-964a-40ec92deffcf.jpg?n=8169" /></a> <h2> <a href="/People/Office/Republican-Whips/">Republican Whips (1897 to present)</a> </h2> <p> The Republican Whip assists his or her party’s leadership with managing its legislative program on the House floor. </p> </div> <div class="teaser"> <a href="/People/Office/Democratic-Caucus-Chairmen/"><img alt="Democratic Caucus Chairmen (1849 to present)" src="https://historycms.house.gov/assets/0/74/82/6bcf8dc5-a185-4246-af1d-e9c2f4990309.jpg?n=9551" /></a> <h2> <a href="/People/Office/Democratic-Caucus-Chairmen/">Democratic Caucus Chairmen (1849 to present)</a> </h2> <p> The House Democratic Caucus Chairman presides over his or her party’s meetings, which are attended by all Members of the Democratic Party and serve as the forum to elect party leaders at the outset of each new Congress. </p> </div> <div class="teaser"> <a href="/People/Office/Republican-Conference-Chairmen/"><img alt="Republican Conference Chairmen (1863 to present)" src="https://historycms.house.gov/assets/0/74/82/f27667df-ac15-4663-b610-c92712dee2ef.jpg?n=1291" /></a> <h2> <a href="/People/Office/Republican-Conference-Chairmen/">Republican Conference Chairmen (1863 to present)</a> </h2> <p> The House Republican Conference Chairman presides over his or her party’s meetings, which are attended by all Members of the Republican Party and serve as the forum to elect party leaders at the outset of each new Congress. </p> </div> <div class="teaser"> <a href="/People/Other-Office/President/"><img alt="House Members Who Became President or Presidential Candidates" src="https://historycms.house.gov/uploadedImages/People/Landing/People_Content_Block_Presidents_Garfield_HC_190.jpg?n=5443" /></a> <h2> <a href="/People/Other-Office/President/">House Members Who Became President or Presidential Candidates</a> </h2> <p> Since 1789, 41 Members of the U.S. House of Representatives received at least one Electoral College vote for President. </p> </div> <div class="teaser"> <a href="/People/Other-Office/Supreme-Court/"><img alt="House Members Who Became Members of the Supreme Court" src="https://historycms.house.gov/uploadedImages/People/Landing/People_Content_ block_supreme_HC_190(1).jpg?n=7202" /></a> <h2> <a href="/People/Other-Office/Supreme-Court/">House Members Who Became Members of the Supreme Court</a> </h2> <p> There have been 17 former House Members who have served on the U.S. Supreme Court. Among this number, two were Chief Justices of the United States. </p> </div> <div class="teaser"> <a href="/People/Continental-Congress/Continental-Confederation-Congresses/"><img alt="Continental and Confederation Congresses" src="https://historycms.house.gov/uploadedImages/People/Landing/cc_christy_painting_190.jpg?n=6372" /></a> <h2> <a href="/People/Continental-Congress/Continental-Confederation-Congresses/">Continental and Confederation Congresses</a> </h2> <p> From 1774 to 1781, Delegates from the 13 colonies located along the eastern seaboard of British North America met in the First Continental Congress (1774) and the Second Continental Congress (1775–1781) to declare their independence from England, manage the Revolutionary War, and set the groundwork for what would become a new nation. </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="grid_7 right-column"> <div class="inner"> <div class="callout featured-pages"> <h2 class="replace title_graphic_featured">Featured</h2> <div class="callout-image-box"> <a href="/Records-and-Research/"> <img alt="Research the House with Records and Photographs" src="https://historycms.house.gov/assets/0/74/82/81b6c598-f6aa-434c-a8a4-a416a68cf1aa.jpg?n=6649" /> </a> <h3> <a href="/Records-and-Research/">Research the House with Records and Photographs</a> </h3> </div> <div class="callout-image-box"> <a href="/Oral-History/"> <img alt="Oral History of the House" src="https://historycms.house.gov/assets/0/74/82/ccac9552-cbdb-4aa6-aae2-bd459801b0b6.jpg?n=1490" /> </a> <h3> <a href="/Oral-History/">Oral History of the House</a> </h3> </div> <div class="callout-image-box"> <a href="/Blog?cat=Members+of+Congress"> <img alt="House History Blog: Members of Congress" src="https://historycms.house.gov/uploadedImages/Blog/blog_recommended_110x110.jpg?n=6130" /> </a> <h3> <a href="/Blog?cat=Members+of+Congress">House History Blog: Members of Congress</a> </h3> </div> <div class="callout-image-box"> <a href="/Exhibitions-and-Publications/BAIC/Black-Americans-in-Congress/"> <img alt="<i>Black Americans in Congress</i>" src="https://historycms.house.gov/assets/0/74/82/004e2e4a-ad77-4680-971d-20fcc10cb8d7.jpg?n=1619" /> </a> <h3> <a href="/Exhibitions-and-Publications/BAIC/Black-Americans-in-Congress/"><i>Black Americans in Congress</i></a> </h3> </div> <div class="callout-image-box"> <a href="/Exhibitions-and-Publications/HAIC/Hispanic-Americans-in-Congress/"> <img alt="<i>Hispanic Americans in Congress</i>" src="https://historycms.house.gov/assets/0/154/15032385563/15032385567/aa929932-ad89-40da-ab9f-659ba80334bc.jpg?n=688" /> </a> <h3> <a href="/Exhibitions-and-Publications/HAIC/Hispanic-Americans-in-Congress/"><i>Hispanic Americans in Congress</i></a> </h3> </div> <div class="callout-image-box"> <a href="/Exhibitions-and-Publications/WIC/Women-in-Congress-Landing-Page/Women-in-Congress/"> <img alt="<i>Women in Congress</i>" src="https://historycms.house.gov/assets/0/74/82/e94c396b-d144-4ecd-994d-05cd1f716bcc.jpg?n=6186" /> </a> <h3> <a href="/Exhibitions-and-Publications/WIC/Women-in-Congress-Landing-Page/Women-in-Congress/"><i>Women in Congress</i></a> </h3> </div> </div> <div class="callout people-listing"> <div class="callout-text-box"> <h3> <a href="/People/Office/Clerks/">Clerks of the House (1789 to present)</a> </h3> <p> The House Clerk organizes and presides over the House’s activities at the commencement of each Congress and is charged with a number of legislative functions. </p> </div> <div class="callout-text-box"> <h3> <a href="/People/Office/Sergeants-at-Arms/">Sergeants at Arms (1789 to present)</a> </h3> <p> The Sergeant at Arms is the chamber’s principal law enforcement official, charged with maintaining security on the floor and for the House side of the Capitol complex. </p> </div> <div class="callout-text-box"> <h3> <a href="/People/Office/Chaplains/">Chaplains of the House (1789 to present)</a> </h3> <p> A tradition established by the Continental Congresses, a chaplain has opened House proceedings each day with a prayer since May 1, 1789. </p> </div> <div class="callout-text-box"> <h3> <a href="/People/Office/Parliamentarians/">Parliamentarians of the House (1857 to present)</a> </h3> <p> The Parliamentarian is a nonpartisan official appointed by the Speaker of the House to render objective assistance on legislative and parliamentary procedure to the House of Representatives. </p> </div> <div class="callout-text-box"> <h3> <a href="/People/Office/Chief-Administrative-Officers/">Chief Administrative Officers of the House (1995 to present)</a> </h3> <p> The Chief Administrative Officer oversees financial and administrative functions of the House. </p> </div> <div class="callout-text-box"> <h3> <a href="/People/Office/Doorkeepers/">Doorkeepers of the House (1789–1995)</a> </h3> <p> An elected officer for nearly 206 years (1st through 103rd Congresses), the House Doorkeeper controlled access to the chamber and oversaw the press gallery. </p> </div> <div class="callout-text-box"> <h3> <a href="/People/Office/Postmasters/">Postmasters of the House (1834–1993)</a> </h3> <p> An elected officer for nearly 160 years (24th through the 102nd Congresses), the Postmaster managed mail operations in the House of Representatives. </p> </div> <div class="callout-text-box"> <h3> <a href="/People/Appointed-Officials/Appointed-Officials/">Appointed Officials of the House</a> </h3> <p> House Rule II outlines the duties of seven officers and officials. </p> </div> <div class="callout-text-box"> <h3> <a href="/People/Other-Office/Cabinet-List/">House Members Who Served in the Cabinet</a> </h3> <p> More that 100 Members of the U.S. House of Representatives have served in the President’s Cabinet. Consisting of the heads of the 15 Executive Branch departments. </p> </div> <div class="callout-text-box"> <h3> <a href="/People/McCormack-Award/">John W. McCormack Annual Award of Excellence to Congressional Employees</a> </h3> <p> The McCormack Award, created in December 1970, is named for longtime Speaker John W. McCormack of Massachusetts. The award recognizes longtime House employees who have displayed bipartisanship and dedication to the institution. </p> </div> <div class="callout-text-box"> <h3> <a href="/People/Named-Rooms/">Named Rooms of the House</a> </h3> <p> Naming rooms in the Capitol and House Office Buildings for Representatives and staff is a rarely bestowed honor that began in 1962. </p> </div> <div class="callout-text-box"> <h3> <a href="/Exhibitions-and-Publications/Notable-Office-Assignments/Notable-Office-Assignments/">Where They Worked: Office Assignments</a> </h3> <p> Find out which rooms were used by some of America’s most notable politicians during their House service. </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="footer-wrap clear"> <div class="footer container_24"> <div class="inner grid_24 clearfix"> <address>Office of the Historian: <a href="mailto:history@mail.house.gov">history@mail.house.gov</a><br /> Office of Art & Archives, Office of the Clerk: <a href="mailto:art@mail.house.gov">art@mail.house.gov</a>, <a href="mailto:archives@mail.house.gov">archives@mail.house.gov</a></address> <ul class="footer-menu menu inline"> <li><a href="/About/">Contact</a></li> <li><a href="/About/Security-and-Privacy/">Privacy</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.youtube.com/ushousehistory" rel="external" class="replace icon icon_youtube">YouTube</a></li> <li> <a href="https://www.twitter.com/ushousehistory/" rel="external" class="replace icon icon_twitter">Tweet</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="js citation hidden"> <div class="inner"> <a href="#" class="replace sprite btn_close_image_overlay">Close</a> <h2>Cite This Page</h2> <p> <em>History, Art & Archives, U.S. House of Representatives,</em> “The People of the People’s House,” <a id="lnk-citation" href="https://history.house.gov/People/">https://history.house.gov/People/</a> (November 28, 2024) </p> <h3>For Additional Information</h3> <p> <strong>Office of the Historian</strong><br /><strong>Office of Art and Archives</strong> <br /> Attic, Thomas Jefferson Building<br />Washington, D.C. 20515<br />(202) 226-1300 <br /> </p> <ul> <li><a href="mailto:history@mail.house.gov" title="mailto:history@mail.house.gov">history@mail.house.gov</a></li> <li><a href="mailto:art@mail.house.gov" title="mailto:art@mail.house.gov">art@mail.house.gov</a></li> <li><a href="mailto:archives@mail.house.gov" title="mailto:archives@mail.house.gov">archives@mail.house.gov</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </body> </html>

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