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education </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_life_and_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Early career </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-San_Francisco_District_Attorney_(2002–2011)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#San_Francisco_District_Attorney_(2002–2011)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 San Francisco District Attorney (2002–2011) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-San_Francisco_District_Attorney_(2002–2011)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Attorney_General_of_California_(2011–2017)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Attorney_General_of_California_(2011–2017)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Attorney General of California (2011–2017) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Attorney_General_of_California_(2011–2017)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-U.S._Senator_(2017–2021)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#U.S._Senator_(2017–2021)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 U.S. Senator (2017–2021) </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-U.S._Senator_(2017–2021)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle U.S. Senator (2017–2021) subsection </button> <ul id="toc-U.S._Senator_(2017–2021)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Election </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tenure_and_political_positions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tenure_and_political_positions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Tenure and political positions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tenure_and_political_positions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2017" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2017"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2.1 2017 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2017-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2018" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2018"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2.2 2018 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2018-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2019" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2019"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2.3 2019 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2019-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2020" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2020"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2.4 2020 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2020-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2021" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2021"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2.5 2021 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2021-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Committee_assignments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Committee_assignments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Committee assignments </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Committee_assignments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Caucus_memberships" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Caucus_memberships"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Caucus memberships </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Caucus_memberships-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2020_presidential_election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2020_presidential_election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 2020 presidential election </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-2020_presidential_election-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle 2020 presidential election subsection </button> <ul id="toc-2020_presidential_election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Presidential_campaign" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Presidential_campaign"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Presidential campaign </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Presidential_campaign-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vice_presidential_campaign" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vice_presidential_campaign"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Vice presidential campaign </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vice_presidential_campaign-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vice_presidency_(2021–present)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vice_presidency_(2021–present)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Vice presidency (2021–present) </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Vice_presidency_(2021–present)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Vice presidency (2021–present) subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Vice_presidency_(2021–present)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Senate_presidency" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Senate_presidency"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Senate presidency </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Senate_presidency-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Immigration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Immigration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Immigration </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Immigration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Foreign policy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2024_presidential_campaign" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2024_presidential_campaign"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 2024 presidential campaign </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2024_presidential_campaign-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_positions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_positions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Political positions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_positions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Personal life </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_image" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_image"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Public image </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_image-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Publications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Publications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Publications </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Publications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 External links </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-External_links-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle External links subsection </button> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Official" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Official"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15.1 Official </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Official-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15.2 Other </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Kamala Harris</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 149 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-149" aria-hidden="true" > 149 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kamala Harris" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Kamala Harris" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Anarâškielâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7_%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B3" title="كامالا هاريس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كامالا هاريس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Kamala Harris" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Kamala Harris" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%87%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9B" title="কমলা হেৰিছ – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="কমলা হেৰিছ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Kamala Harris" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8" title="कमला देवी हैरिस – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="कमला देवी हैरिस" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">अवधी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kamala Harris" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7_%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3" title="کامالا هاریس – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کامالا هاریس" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Kamala Harris" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8" title="কমলা হ্যারিস – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কমলা হ্যারিস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kamala Harris" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81" title="Камала Харыс – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Камала Харыс" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81" title="Камала Гарыс – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Камала Гарыс" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8" title="कमला हैरिस – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="कमला हैरिस" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Kamala Harris" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Камала Харис – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Камала Харис" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kamala Harris" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kamala Harris" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Kamala Harris" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Камала Харрис – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Камала Харрис" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Kamala Harris" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_Harrisov%C3%A1" title="Kamala Harrisová – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kamala Harrisová" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris – Nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Kamala Harris" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="Nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chi-Chewa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Kamala Harris" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Kamala Harris" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dagbanli</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kamala Harris" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kamala Harris" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%86%DE%A6%DE%89%DE%A6%DE%8D%DE%A7_%DE%80%DE%AC%DE%83%DE%A8%DE%90%DE%B0" title="ކަމަލާ ހެރިސް – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ކަމަލާ ހެރިސް" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ދިވެހިބަސް</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Kamala Harris" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dolnoserbski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kamala Harris" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%AC%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B1_%CE%A7%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%82" title="Κάμαλα Χάρις – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κάμαλα Χάρις" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Kamala Harris" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kamala Harris" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kamala Harris" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7_%D9%87%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3" title="کامالا هریس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کامالا هریس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Kamala Harris" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Kamala Harris" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Kamala Harris" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Kamala Harris" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Kamala Harris" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%B2%E0%AA%BE_%E0%AA%B9%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%B8" title="કમલા હેરિસ – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="કમલા હેરિસ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Kamala Harris" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%EB%A9%80%EB%9D%BC_%ED%95%B4%EB%A6%AC%EC%8A%A4" title="카멀라 해리스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="카멀라 해리스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Kamala Harris" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Kamala Harris" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaiian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hawaiʻi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%94%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%A1_%D5%80%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%BD" title="Քամալա Հարիս – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Քամալա Հարիս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8" title="कमला हैरिस – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कमला हैरिस" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Kamala Harris" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kamala Harris" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kamala Harris" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kamala Harris" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Kamala Harris" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Kamala Harris" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris – Inupiaq" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Kamala Harris" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="Inupiaq" class="interlanguage-link-target">Iñupiatun</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81,_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%C3%A6" title="Харрис, Камалæ – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Харрис, Камалæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kamala Harris" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Kamala Harris" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A1" title="קמלה האריס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קמלה האריס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kamala Harris" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BE_%E0%B2%B9%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಕಮಲಾ ಹ್ಯಾರಿಸ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕಮಲಾ ಹ್ಯಾರಿಸ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90_%E1%83%B0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="კამალა ჰარისი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კამალა ჰარისი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A7_%DB%81%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%90%D8%B3" title="کملا ہیرِس – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="کملا ہیرِس" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target">कॉशुर / کٲشُر</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Камала Харрис – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Камала Харрис" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Kamala Harris" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kamala Harris" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Kamala Harris" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2_%E0%BA%AE%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A3%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%AA" title="ກາມາລາ ຮາຣີສ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ກາມາລາ ຮາຣີສ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Kamala Harris" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_Harisa" title="Kamala Harisa – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kamala Harisa" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Kamala Harris" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kamala Harris" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris – Nias" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Kamala Harris" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="Nias" class="interlanguage-link-target">Li Niha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Kamala Harris" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Kamala Harris" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kamala Harris" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8" title="कमला ह्यारिस – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="कमला ह्यारिस" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Камала Харис – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Камала Харис" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B2_%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="കമല ഹാരിസ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കമല ഹാരിസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Kamala Harris" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8" title="कमला हॅरिस – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="कमला हॅरिस" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90_%E1%83%B0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="კამალა ჰარისი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="კამალა ჰარისი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7_%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B3" title="كامالا هاريس – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كامالا هاريس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A7_%D9%87%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3" title="کاملا هریس – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="کاملا هریس" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kamala Harris" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Kamala Harris" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Камала Харрис – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Камала Харрис" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%99%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AC_%E1%80%9F%E1%80%B2%E1%80%9B%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA" title="ကားမလာ ဟဲရစ် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကားမလာ ဟဲရစ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcm mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris – Nigerian Pidgin" lang="pcm" hreflang="pcm" data-title="Kamala Harris" data-language-autonym="Naijá" data-language-local-name="Nigerian Pidgin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Naijá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kamala Harris" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Kamala Harris" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8" title="कमला ह्यारिस – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="कमला ह्यारिस" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%9E%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BB%E3%83%8F%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B9" title="カマラ・ハリス – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カマラ・ハリス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nqo mw-list-item"><a href="https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DF%9E%DF%A1%DF%8A%DF%9F%DF%8A%DF%AB_%DF%A4%DF%8A%DF%99%DF%8C%DF%9B" title="ߞߡߊߟߊ߫ ߤߊߙߌߛ – N’Ko" lang="nqo" hreflang="nqo" data-title="ߞߡߊߟߊ߫ ߤߊߙߌߛ" data-language-autonym="ߒߞߏ" data-language-local-name="N’Ko" class="interlanguage-link-target">ߒߞߏ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Харрис Камала – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Харрис Камала" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Kamala Harris" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kamala Harris" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kamala Harris" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Kamala Harris" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kamala Harris" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%B9%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8" title="ਕਮਲਾ ਹੈਰਿਸ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕਮਲਾ ਹੈਰਿਸ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A7_%DB%81%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%B3" title="کاملا ہیرس – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کاملا ہیرس" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Kamala Harris" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7_%D9%87%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3" title="کامالا هریس – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="کامالا هریس" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%B6_%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B8_%E1%9E%A0%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9F" title="កមលា ទេវី ហារីស – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="កមលា ទេវី ហារីស" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kamala Harris" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Kamala Harris" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Kamala Harris" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Kamala Harris" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Kamala Harris" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Romani čhib</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81,_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Харрис, Камала – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Харрис, Камала" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%9F_%E1%B1%A6%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A5" title="ᱠᱚᱢᱚᱞᱟ ᱦᱮᱨᱤᱥ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱠᱚᱢᱚᱞᱟ ᱦᱮᱨᱤᱥ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Kamala Harris" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kamala Harris" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Kamala Harris" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8F_%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A" title="කමලා හැරිස් – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="කමලා හැරිස්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Kamala Harris" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AA%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A7_%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%B3" title="ڪاملا هيرس – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ڪاملا هيرس" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_Harrisov%C3%A1" title="Kamala Harrisová – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kamala Harrisová" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kamala Harris" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Kamala Harris" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%85%DA%B5%D8%A7_%DA%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3" title="کامڵا ھاریس – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کامڵا ھاریس" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Камала Харис – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Камала Харис" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kamala Harris" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kamala Harris" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kamala Harris" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kamala Harris" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE_%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81" title="கமலா ஆரிசு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கமலா ஆரிசு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Камала Харрис – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Камала Харрис" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%B5%E1%80%99%E1%80%9C%E1%82%83%E1%82%87_%E1%82%81%E1%82%84%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AD%E1%80%9E%E1%80%BA" title="ၵမလႃႇ ႁႄးရိသ် – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="ၵမလႃႇ ႁႄးရိသ်" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target">ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%B2_%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D" title="కమల హారిస్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కమల హారిస్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2_%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA" title="กมลา แฮร์ริส – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กมลา แฮร์ริส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D2%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Камала Ҳаррис – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Камала Ҳаррис" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kamala Harris" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%80%D1%96%D1%81" title="Камала Гарріс – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Камала Гарріс" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A7_%DB%81%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%B3" title="کاملا ہیرس – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کاملا ہیرس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%89%D8%B3" title="كامالا خارىس – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="كامالا خارىس" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Kamala Harris" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Kamala Harris" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B4%BA%E9%94%A6%E4%B8%BD" title="贺锦丽 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="贺锦丽" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%90_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A1" title="קאמאלא העריס – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="קאמאלא העריס" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Kamala Harris" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B3%80%E9%8C%A6%E9%BA%97" title="賀錦麗 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="賀錦麗" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Kamala Harris" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_Haris" title="Kamala Haris – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Kamala Haris" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B3%80%E9%8C%A6%E9%BA%97" title="賀錦麗 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="賀錦麗" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fon mw-list-item"><a href="https://fon.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris – Fon" lang="fon" hreflang="fon" data-title="Kamala Harris" data-language-autonym="Fɔ̀ngbè" data-language-local-name="Fon" 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8c/Extended-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Extended-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8c/Extended-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Extended-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8c/Extended-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Extended-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Vice President of the United States since 2021</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Kamala Harris</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Kamala_Harris_Vice_Presidential_Portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Harris, formally dressed up and made up, smiles for her portrait." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Kamala_Harris_Vice_Presidential_Portrait.jpg/220px-Kamala_Harris_Vice_Presidential_Portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Kamala_Harris_Vice_Presidential_Portrait.jpg/330px-Kamala_Harris_Vice_Presidential_Portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Kamala_Harris_Vice_Presidential_Portrait.jpg/440px-Kamala_Harris_Vice_Presidential_Portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3000" /></a><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Official portrait, 2021</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">49th <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President of the United States</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><div class="skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="width:100%; margin:0; color: black; background-color: lavender"><a href="/wiki/Incumbent" title="Incumbent">Incumbent</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">Assumed office January 20, 2021</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mike_Pence" title="Mike Pence">Mike Pence</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senator</a> from <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office January 3, 2017 – January 18, 2021</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Boxer" title="Barbara Boxer">Barbara Boxer</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alex_Padilla" title="Alex Padilla">Alex Padilla</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">32nd <a href="/wiki/Attorney_General_of_California" title="Attorney General of California">Attorney General of California</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office January 3, 2011 – January 3, 2017</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Governor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Brown" title="Jerry Brown">Jerry Brown</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data">Jerry Brown</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Xavier_Becerra" title="Xavier Becerra">Xavier Becerra</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">27th <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_District_Attorney%27s_Office" title="San Francisco District Attorney's Office">District Attorney of San Francisco</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office January 8, 2004 – January 3, 2011</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Terence_Hallinan" title="Terence Hallinan">Terence Hallinan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_Gasc%C3%B3n" title="George Gascón">George Gascón</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Kamala Devi Harris<a href="#cite_note-fn1-1">[a]</a></div> (1964-10-20) October 20, 1964 (age 60) <a href="/wiki/Oakland,_California" title="Oakland, California">Oakland, California</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Doug_Emhoff" title="Doug Emhoff">Doug Emhoff</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style>2014)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parents</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Donald_J._Harris" title="Donald J. Harris">Donald J. Harris</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Shyamala_Gopalan" title="Shyamala Gopalan">Shyamala Gopalan</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Family_of_Kamala_Harris" title="Family of Kamala Harris">Harris family</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Residence</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Number_One_Observatory_Circle" title="Number One Observatory Circle">Number One Observatory Circle</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Howard_University" title="Howard University">Howard University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">BA</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_California_College_of_the_Law,_San_Francisco" title="University of California College of the Law, San Francisco">University of California, Hastings College of the Law</a> (<a href="/wiki/Juris_Doctor" title="Juris Doctor">JD</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Kamala_Harris_Signature.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kamala Harris's signature"><img alt="Cursive signature in ink" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Kamala_Harris_Signature.svg/128px-Kamala_Harris_Signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Kamala_Harris_Signature.svg/192px-Kamala_Harris_Signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Kamala_Harris_Signature.svg/256px-Kamala_Harris_Signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="686" data-file-height="222" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kamalaharris.com">Campaign website</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-left listen noprint listen-embedded listen-noimage listen-center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Kamala_Harris_speaks_on_the_Americans_with_Disabilities_Act.ogg" title="File:Kamala Harris speaks on the Americans with Disabilities Act.ogg">Harris' voice</a></div> <div><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="215" style="width:215px;" data-durationhint="73" data-mwtitle="Kamala_Harris_speaks_on_the_Americans_with_Disabilities_Act.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/Kamala_Harris_speaks_on_the_Americans_with_Disabilities_Act.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e2/Kamala_Harris_speaks_on_the_Americans_with_Disabilities_Act.ogg/Kamala_Harris_speaks_on_the_Americans_with_Disabilities_Act.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AKamala_Harris_speaks_on_the_Americans_with_Disabilities_Act.ogg&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></div> <div class="description">Harris speaks on the <a href="/wiki/Americans_with_Disabilities_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Americans with Disabilities Act">Americans with Disabilities Act</a>. Recorded July 26, 2021</div></div></div></div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks sidebar-person vcard hlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><table><tbody><tr> <td class="sidebar-person-title-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Kamala_Harris_Vice_Presidential_Portrait_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Kamala_Harris_Vice_Presidential_Portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/75px-Kamala_Harris_Vice_Presidential_Portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Kamala_Harris_Vice_Presidential_Portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/113px-Kamala_Harris_Vice_Presidential_Portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Kamala_Harris_Vice_Presidential_Portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Kamala_Harris_Vice_Presidential_Portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1537" data-file-height="2051" /></a></td> <td class="sidebar-person-title"><div>This article is part of a series about</div><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kamala Harris</a></td> </tr></tbody></table></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="">Personal</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_life_and_career_of_Kamala_Harris" title="Early life and career of Kamala Harris">Early life</a></li> <li>Bibliography <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Smart_on_Crime" title="Smart on Crime">Smart on Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superheroes_Are_Everywhere" title="Superheroes Are Everywhere">Superheroes Are Everywhere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Truths_We_Hold" title="The Truths We Hold">The Truths We Hold</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_of_Kamala_Harris" title="Family of Kamala Harris">Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Kamala_Harris" title="Political positions of Kamala Harris">Political positions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_image_of_Kamala_Harris" title="Public image of Kamala Harris">Public image</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KHive" title="KHive">#KHive</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="">27th District Attorney of San Francisco</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_Kamala_Harris#San_Francisco_District_Attorney_elections" title="Electoral history of Kamala Harris">Elections</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2003_San_Francisco_District_Attorney_election" title="2003 San Francisco District Attorney election">2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_San_Francisco_general_election#District_attorney" title="2007 San Francisco general election">2007</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="">32nd Attorney General of California</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris_as_Attorney_General_of_California" title="Kamala Harris as Attorney General of California">Tenure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_Kamala_Harris#California_Attorney_General_elections" title="Electoral history of Kamala Harris">Elections</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2010_California_Attorney_General_election" title="2010 California Attorney General election">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_California_Attorney_General_election" title="2014 California Attorney General election">2014</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="">U.S. Senator from California</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_Senate_election_in_California" title="2016 United States Senate election in California">2016 election</a></li> <li>Legislation <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Justice_for_Victims_of_Lynching_Act" title="Justice for Victims of Lynching Act">Justice for Victims of Lynching Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marijuana_Opportunity_Reinvestment_and_Expungement_Act" title="Marijuana Opportunity Reinvestment and Expungement Act">MORE Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rent_Relief_Act" title="Rent Relief Act">Rent Relief Act</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="">49th Vice President of the United States Incumbent</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Joe_Biden" title="Presidential transition of Joe Biden">Transition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Joe_Biden" title="Presidency of Joe Biden">Biden administration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_Joe_Biden" title="Inauguration of Joe Biden">inauguration</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Office_of_Gun_Violence_Prevention" title="White House Office of Gun Violence Prevention">Office of Gun Violence Prevention</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/You_think_you_just_fell_out_of_a_coconut_tree%3F" title="You think you just fell out of a coconut tree?">You think you just fell out of a coconut tree?</a>"</li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="">Vice presidential campaigns</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign">2020</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_Party_vice_presidential_candidate_selection" title="2020 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection">selection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2020 Democratic National Convention">convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_debates#Vice_presidential_debate_(University_of_Utah)" title="2020 United States presidential debates">debate</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/We_did_it,_Joe!" title="We did it, Joe!">We did it, Joe!</a>"</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden_2024_presidential_campaign" title="Joe Biden 2024 presidential campaign">2024</a></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style=""><a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris_presidential_campaign" title="Kamala Harris presidential campaign">Presidential campaigns</a></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Kamala Harris 2020 presidential campaign">2020</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Kamala_Harris_2020_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Kamala Harris 2020 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris_2024_presidential_campaign" title="Kamala Harris 2024 presidential campaign">2024</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="2024 United States presidential election">election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Kamala_Harris_2024_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Kamala Harris 2024 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Democratic_Party_vice_presidential_candidate_selection" title="2024 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection">VP selection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2024 Democratic National Convention">convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_debates" title="2024 United States presidential debates">debates</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_Vice_President_of_the_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Seal_of_the_Vice_President_of_the_United_States.svg/40px-Seal_of_the_Vice_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Seal_of_the_Vice_President_of_the_United_States.svg/60px-Seal_of_the_Vice_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Seal_of_the_Vice_President_of_the_United_States.svg/80px-Seal_of_the_Vice_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2437" data-file-height="2437" /></a></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Kamala_Harris_series" title="Template:Kamala Harris series"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Kamala_Harris_series" title="Template talk:Kamala Harris series"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Kamala_Harris_series" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Kamala Harris series"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> Kamala Devi Harris<a href="#cite_note-3">[b]</a> (born October 20, 1964) is an American politician and attorney who has been the 49th and current <a href="/wiki/Vice_president_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Vice president of the United States">vice president of the United States</a> since 2021, serving under president <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a>. She is the first female U.S. vice president, making her the highest-ranking female official in U.S. history. She is also the first <a href="/wiki/African_American" class="mw-redirect" title="African American">African American</a> and first <a href="/wiki/Asian_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian American">Asian American</a> vice president. A member of the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a>, she was the party's nominee in the <a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="2024 United States presidential election">2024 presidential election</a>, becoming the second woman nominated for president by a major U.S. political party. From 2017 to 2021, she represented California in the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Senate">U.S. Senate</a>, and was <a href="/wiki/Attorney_general_of_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Attorney general of California">attorney general of California</a> from 2011 to 2017. From 2004 to 2011, she served as <a href="/wiki/District_attorney_of_San_Francisco" class="mw-redirect" title="District attorney of San Francisco">district attorney of San Francisco</a>. Born in <a href="/wiki/Oakland,_California" title="Oakland, California">Oakland, California</a>, Harris graduated from <a href="/wiki/Howard_University" title="Howard University">Howard University</a> and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California_College_of_the_Law,_San_Francisco" title="University of California College of the Law, San Francisco">University of California, Hastings College of the Law</a>. She began her law career in the office of the <a href="/wiki/District_attorney" title="District attorney">district attorney</a> of <a href="/wiki/Alameda_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Alameda County">Alameda County</a>. She was recruited to the San Francisco District Attorney's Office and later to the office of the <a href="/wiki/City_attorney_of_San_Francisco" class="mw-redirect" title="City attorney of San Francisco">city attorney of San Francisco</a>. She was <a href="/wiki/2003_San_Francisco_District_Attorney_election" title="2003 San Francisco District Attorney election">elected district attorney of San Francisco</a> in 2003 and <a href="/wiki/2010_California_Attorney_General_election" title="2010 California Attorney General election">attorney general of California in 2010</a>, and <a href="/wiki/2014_California_Attorney_General_election" title="2014 California Attorney General election">reelected as attorney general in 2014</a>. Harris was the first woman, the first African American, and the first Asian American to hold each office. Harris was the junior U.S. senator from California from 2017 to 2021. She won the <a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_Senate_election_in_California" title="2016 United States Senate election in California">2016 Senate election</a>, becoming the second Black woman and first <a href="/wiki/South_Asian_American" class="mw-redirect" title="South Asian American">South Asian American</a> U.S. senator. As a senator, <a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Kamala_Harris" title="Political positions of Kamala Harris">Harris advocated</a> for stricter <a href="/wiki/Gun_control_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Gun control in the United States">gun control</a> laws, the <a href="/wiki/DREAM_Act" title="DREAM Act">DREAM Act</a>, <a href="/wiki/Legalization_of_non-medical_cannabis_in_the_United_States" title="Legalization of non-medical cannabis in the United States">federal legalization of cannabis</a>, and reforms to healthcare and <a href="/wiki/Progressive_tax" title="Progressive tax">taxation</a>. She gained a national profile while asking pointed questions of <a href="/wiki/First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="First presidency of Donald Trump">Trump administration</a> officials during Senate hearings, including Trump's second <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court</a> nominee, <a href="/wiki/Brett_Kavanaugh" title="Brett Kavanaugh">Brett Kavanaugh</a>. Harris <a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Kamala Harris 2020 presidential campaign">sought the 2020 Democratic presidential nomination</a> in 2019, but withdrew from the race before <a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries">the primaries</a>. Biden <a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_Party_vice_presidential_candidate_selection" title="2020 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection">selected her as his running mate</a>, and their ticket defeated the incumbent <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> president and vice president, <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mike_Pence" title="Mike Pence">Mike Pence</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">2020 election</a>. Presiding over an evenly split Senate upon entering office, Harris played a crucial role as president of the Senate. She cast <a href="/wiki/List_of_tie-breaking_votes_cast_by_the_vice_president_of_the_United_States#List_of_tie-breaking_votes" title="List of tie-breaking votes cast by the vice president of the United States">more tie-breaking votes than any other vice president</a>, which helped pass bills such as the <a href="/wiki/American_Rescue_Plan_Act_of_2021" title="American Rescue Plan Act of 2021">American Rescue Plan Act of 2021</a> stimulus package and the <a href="/wiki/Inflation_Reduction_Act" title="Inflation Reduction Act">Inflation Reduction Act</a>. After <a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_of_Joe_Biden_from_the_2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="Withdrawal of Joe Biden from the 2024 United States presidential election">Biden withdrew from the 2024 presidential election</a>, Harris launched <a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris_2024_presidential_campaign" title="Kamala Harris 2024 presidential campaign">her campaign</a> with Biden's endorsement and soon became the presumptive nominee. She lost the general election to Trump. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_career">Early life and career</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Early_life_and_career_of_Kamala_Harris" title="Early life and career of Kamala Harris">Early life and career of Kamala Harris</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kamala_Harris_-_Berkeley_childhood_home.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Kamala_Harris_-_Berkeley_childhood_home.jpg/220px-Kamala_Harris_-_Berkeley_childhood_home.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Kamala_Harris_-_Berkeley_childhood_home.jpg/330px-Kamala_Harris_-_Berkeley_childhood_home.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Kamala_Harris_-_Berkeley_childhood_home.jpg/440px-Kamala_Harris_-_Berkeley_childhood_home.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>Harris's childhood home at 1227 Bancroft Way in <a href="/wiki/Berkeley,_California" title="Berkeley, California">Berkeley</a>, August 2020</figcaption></figure> Kamala Devi Harris<a href="#cite_note-fn1-1">[a]</a> was born in <a href="/wiki/Oakland,_California" title="Oakland, California">Oakland, California</a>,<a href="#cite_note-5">[3]</a> on October 20, 1964.<a href="#cite_note-:0-6">[4]</a> Her mother, <a href="/wiki/Shyamala_Gopalan" title="Shyamala Gopalan">Shyamala Gopalan</a>, was a biologist who arrived in the United States from India in 1958 to enroll in graduate school in <a href="/wiki/Endocrinology" title="Endocrinology">endocrinology</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">University of California, Berkeley</a>. A research career of over 40 years followed, during which her work on the <a href="/wiki/Progesterone_receptor" title="Progesterone receptor">progesterone receptor</a> gene led to advances in breast cancer research.<a href="#cite_note-bcaction-7">[5]</a> Kamala's father, <a href="/wiki/Donald_J._Harris" title="Donald J. Harris">Donald J. Harris</a>,<a href="#cite_note-8">[6]</a> is an <a href="/wiki/Afro-Jamaicans" title="Afro-Jamaicans">Afro-Jamaican</a> who arrived in the United States in 1961 and also enrolled in UC Berkeley, specializing in <a href="/wiki/Development_economics" title="Development economics">development economics</a>. The first Black scholar to be granted tenure at <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a>'s economics department, he has <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/emeritus" class="extiw" title="wikt:emeritus">emeritus</a> status there.<a href="#cite_note-9">[7]</a> Kamala's parents met in 1962 and married in 1963.<a href="#cite_note-NYT_S1320-10">[8]</a> The Harris family lived in <a href="/wiki/Berkeley,_California" title="Berkeley, California">Berkeley</a> until they moved in 1966, around Kamala's second birthday. The Harrises lived for a few years in <a href="/wiki/College_town" title="College town">college towns</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwest</a> where her parents held teaching or research positions:<a href="#cite_note-BerkeleysideHouse-11">[9]</a> <a href="/wiki/Urbana,_Illinois" title="Urbana, Illinois">Urbana, Illinois</a> (where her sister <a href="/wiki/Maya_Harris" title="Maya Harris">Maya</a> was born in 1966); <a href="/wiki/Evanston,_Illinois" title="Evanston, Illinois">Evanston, Illinois</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Madison,_Wisconsin" title="Madison, Wisconsin">Madison, Wisconsin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-12">[c]</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-BerkeleysideHouse-11">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-makes_her_case-14">[11]</a> By 1970, the marriage had faltered, and Shyamala moved back to Berkeley with her two daughters;<a href="#cite_note-15">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-BerkeleysideHouse-11">[9]</a> the couple divorced when Kamala was seven.<a href="#cite_note-NYT_S1320-10">[8]</a> In 1972, Donald Harris accepted a position at Stanford University; Kamala and Maya spent weekends at their father's house in <a href="/wiki/Palo_Alto,_California" title="Palo Alto, California">Palo Alto</a> and lived at their mother's house in Berkeley during the week.<a href="#cite_note-USATodayTimeline-17">[14]</a> Shyamala was friends with African-American intellectuals and activists in Oakland and Berkeley.<a href="#cite_note-makes_her_case-14">[11]</a> In 1976, she accepted a research position at the <a href="/wiki/McGill_University_Faculty_of_Medicine_and_Health_Sciences" title="McGill University Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences">McGill University School of Medicine</a>, and moved with her daughters to <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal, Quebec</a>.<a href="#cite_note-18">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-JGH_News_-_November_2020-19">[16]</a> Kamala graduated from <a href="/wiki/Westmount_High_School" title="Westmount High School">Westmount High School</a> on <a href="/wiki/Island_of_Montreal" title="Island of Montreal">Montreal Island</a> in 1981.<a href="#cite_note-Dale_2018-20">[17]</a> Kamala Harris attended <a href="/wiki/Vanier_College" title="Vanier College">Vanier College</a> in Montreal in 1981–82,<a href="#cite_note-21">[18]</a> and then <a href="/wiki/Howard_University" title="Howard University">Howard University</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Historically_black_university" class="mw-redirect" title="Historically black university">historically black university</a> in Washington, D.C.<a href="#cite_note-Washington_Post_September_2019-22">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-Washingtonian-23">[20]</a> At Howard, she became a member of <a href="/wiki/Alpha_Kappa_Alpha" title="Alpha Kappa Alpha">Alpha Kappa Alpha</a>, one of the "Divine Nine" historically black sororities.<a href="#cite_note-24">[21]</a> She graduated in 1986 with a degree in <a href="/wiki/Political_science" title="Political science">political science</a> and economics.<a href="#cite_note-25">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[23]</a> Harris then attended the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Hastings_College_of_the_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="University of California, Hastings College of the Law">University of California, Hastings College of the Law</a> in San Francisco,<a href="#cite_note-27">[24]</a> where she served as president of its chapter of the <a href="/wiki/Black_Law_Students_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="Black Law Students Association">Black Law Students Association</a>.<a href="#cite_note-28">[25]</a> She graduated with a <a href="/wiki/Juris_Doctor" title="Juris Doctor">Juris Doctor</a> in 1989.<a href="#cite_note-29">[26]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_career">Early career</h3></div> In 1990, Harris was hired as a deputy <a href="/wiki/District_attorney" title="District attorney">district attorney</a> in <a href="/wiki/Alameda_County,_California" title="Alameda County, California">Alameda County, California</a>, where she was described as "an able prosecutor on the way up".<a href="#cite_note-latimes-brown-harris-30">[27]</a> In 1994, <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_California_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="Speaker of the California Assembly">Speaker of the California Assembly</a> <a href="/wiki/Willie_Brown_(politician)" title="Willie Brown (politician)">Willie Brown</a>, who was then dating Harris, appointed her to the state <a href="/wiki/California_Unemployment_Insurance_Appeals_Board" title="California Unemployment Insurance Appeals Board">Unemployment Insurance Appeals Board</a> and later to the California Medical Assistance Commission.<a href="#cite_note-latimes-brown-harris-30">[27]</a> In February 1998, <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_District_Attorney%27s_Office" title="San Francisco District Attorney's Office">San Francisco district attorney</a> <a href="/wiki/Terence_Hallinan" title="Terence Hallinan">Terence Hallinan</a> recruited Harris as an assistant district attorney.<a href="#cite_note-Head-31">[28]</a> There, she became the chief of the Career Criminal Division, supervising five other attorneys, where she prosecuted <a href="/wiki/Homicide" title="Homicide">homicide</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burglary" title="Burglary">burglary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robbery" title="Robbery">robbery</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sexual_assault" title="Sexual assault">sexual assault</a> cases—particularly <a href="/wiki/Three-strikes_law" title="Three-strikes law">three-strikes cases</a>. In August 2000, Harris took a job at <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_City_Hall" title="San Francisco City Hall">San Francisco City Hall</a>, working for <a href="/wiki/City_attorney" title="City attorney">city attorney</a> <a href="/wiki/Louise_Renne" title="Louise Renne">Louise Renne</a>.<a href="#cite_note-32">[29]</a> Harris ran the Family and Children's Services Division, representing child abuse and <a href="/wiki/Child_neglect" title="Child neglect">neglect</a> cases. Renne endorsed Harris during her D.A. campaign.<a href="#cite_note-SF_Weekly_September_24,_2003-33">[30]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="San_Francisco_District_Attorney_(2002–2011)">San Francisco District Attorney (2002–2011)</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Congresswoman_Pelosi_meets_San_Francisco%27s_District_Attorney,_Kamala_Harris;_March_30,_2004_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Congresswoman_Pelosi_meets_San_Francisco%27s_District_Attorney%2C_Kamala_Harris%3B_March_30%2C_2004_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Congresswoman_Pelosi_meets_San_Francisco%27s_District_Attorney%2C_Kamala_Harris%3B_March_30%2C_2004_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Congresswoman_Pelosi_meets_San_Francisco%27s_District_Attorney%2C_Kamala_Harris%3B_March_30%2C_2004_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Congresswoman_Pelosi_meets_San_Francisco%27s_District_Attorney%2C_Kamala_Harris%3B_March_30%2C_2004_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/77/Congresswoman_Pelosi_meets_San_Francisco%27s_District_Attorney%2C_Kamala_Harris%3B_March_30%2C_2004_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="412" data-file-height="237" /></a><figcaption>Harris with future <a href="/wiki/House_Speaker" class="mw-redirect" title="House Speaker">House Speaker</a> <a href="/wiki/Nancy_Pelosi" title="Nancy Pelosi">Nancy Pelosi</a> in March 2004</figcaption></figure> In 2002, Harris ran for <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_District_Attorney%27s_Office" title="San Francisco District Attorney's Office">District Attorney of San Francisco</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Launched-34">[31]</a> running a "forceful" campaign<a href="#cite_note-Sunset-35">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-Celebs-36">[33]</a> and differentiating herself from Hallinan by attacking his performance.<a href="#cite_note-37">[34]</a> Harris won <a href="/wiki/2003_San_Francisco_District_Attorney_election" title="2003 San Francisco District Attorney election">the election</a> with 56% of the vote, becoming the first <a href="/wiki/Person_of_color" title="Person of color">person of color</a> elected district attorney of San Francisco.<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-Zernike-2-2019-38">[35]</a> She ran unopposed for a second term in 2007.<a href="#cite_note-39">[36]</a> Within the first six months of taking office, Harris cleared 27 of 74 backlogged homicide cases.<a href="#cite_note-40">[37]</a> She also pushed for higher bail for criminal <a href="/wiki/Defendant" title="Defendant">defendants</a> involved in gun-related crimes, arguing that historically low bail encouraged outsiders to commit crimes in San Francisco. <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Police_Department" title="San Francisco Police Department">SFPD officers</a> credited Harris with tightening the <a href="/wiki/Loophole" title="Loophole">loopholes</a> defendants had used in the past.<a href="#cite_note-41">[38]</a> During her campaign, Harris pledged never to seek the death penalty,<a href="#cite_note-sfgate.com-42">[39]</a> and kept to this in the cases of a <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Police_Department" title="San Francisco Police Department">San Francisco Police Department</a> officer, Isaac Espinoza, who was shot and killed in 2004,<a href="#cite_note-43">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-44">[41]</a> and of <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Ramos" class="mw-redirect" title="Edwin Ramos">Edwin Ramos</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Illegal_immigrant" class="mw-redirect" title="Illegal immigrant">illegal immigrant</a> and alleged <a href="/wiki/MS-13" title="MS-13">MS-13</a> gang member who was accused of murdering a man and his two sons in 2009.<a href="#cite_note-45">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-46">[43]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kamala_Harris_with_Barack_Obama_2009-11-25.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Kamala_Harris_with_Barack_Obama_2009-11-25.jpg/220px-Kamala_Harris_with_Barack_Obama_2009-11-25.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Kamala_Harris_with_Barack_Obama_2009-11-25.jpg/330px-Kamala_Harris_with_Barack_Obama_2009-11-25.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Kamala_Harris_with_Barack_Obama_2009-11-25.jpg/440px-Kamala_Harris_with_Barack_Obama_2009-11-25.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="766" /></a><figcaption>Harris with President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Oval_Office" title="Oval Office">Oval Office</a>, November 2009</figcaption></figure> Harris created a Hate Crimes Unit, focusing on <a href="/wiki/Hate_crime" title="Hate crime">hate crimes</a> against <a href="/wiki/LGBT" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT">LGBT</a> children and teens in schools,<a href="#cite_note-47">[44]</a> and supported A.B. 1160, the Gwen Araujo Justice for Victims Act.<a href="#cite_note-AB_1160-48">[45]</a> As District Attorney, she created an environmental crimes unit in 2005.<a href="#cite_note-49">[46]</a> Harris expressed support for San Francisco's <a href="/wiki/Sanctuary_city" title="Sanctuary city">sanctuary city</a> policy of not inquiring about immigration status in the process of a criminal investigation.<a href="#cite_note-50">[47]</a> In 2004, she created the San Francisco Reentry Division.<a href="#cite_note-51">[48]</a> Over six years, the 200 people graduated from the program had a <a href="/wiki/Recidivism" title="Recidivism">recidivism</a> rate of less than 10%, compared to the 53% of California's drug offenders who returned to prison within two years of release.<a href="#cite_note-52">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-53">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-54">[51]</a> In 2006, as part of an initiative to reduce the city's homicide rate, Harris led a citywide effort to combat <a href="/wiki/Truancy" title="Truancy">truancy</a> for at-risk elementary school youth in San Francisco.<a href="#cite_note-55">[52]</a> In 2008, declaring chronic truancy a matter of public safety and pointing out that the majority of prison inmates and homicide victims are dropouts or habitual truants,<a href="#cite_note-Knight-56">[53]</a> she issued citations against six parents whose children missed at least 50 days of school, the first time San Francisco prosecuted adults for student truancy.<a href="#cite_note-57">[54]</a> Harris's office ultimately prosecuted seven parents in three years, with none jailed.<a href="#cite_note-SFGate-58">[55]</a> By April 2009, 1,330 elementary school students were habitual or chronic truants, down 23% from 1,730 in 2008, and from 2,517 in 2007 and 2,856 in 2006.<a href="#cite_note-SFGate-58">[55]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Attorney_General_of_California_(2011–2017)">Attorney General of California (2011–2017)</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris_as_Attorney_General_of_California" title="Kamala Harris as Attorney General of California">Kamala Harris as Attorney General of California</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kamala_Harris_Official_Attorney_General_Photo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Kamala_Harris_Official_Attorney_General_Photo.jpg/170px-Kamala_Harris_Official_Attorney_General_Photo.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Kamala_Harris_Official_Attorney_General_Photo.jpg/255px-Kamala_Harris_Official_Attorney_General_Photo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Kamala_Harris_Official_Attorney_General_Photo.jpg/340px-Kamala_Harris_Official_Attorney_General_Photo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Harris' official Attorney General portrait, 2010</figcaption></figure> Harris was elected <a href="/wiki/Attorney_General_of_California" title="Attorney General of California">Attorney General of California</a> in <a href="/wiki/2010_California_Attorney_General_election" title="2010 California Attorney General election">2010</a>, becoming the first woman, <a href="/wiki/African_American" class="mw-redirect" title="African American">African American</a>, and <a href="/wiki/South_Asian_American" class="mw-redirect" title="South Asian American">South Asian American</a> to hold the office in the state's history.<a href="#cite_note-59">[56]</a> She took office on January 3, 2011, and was reelected <a href="/wiki/2014_California_Attorney_General_election" title="2014 California Attorney General election">in 2014</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Reilly-60">[57]</a> She served until resigning on January 3, 2017, to take her seat in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a>. In 2010, Harris announced her candidacy for attorney general and was endorsed by prominent California Democrats, including U.S. Senators <a href="/wiki/Dianne_Feinstein" title="Dianne Feinstein">Dianne Feinstein</a> and <a href="/wiki/Barbara_Boxer" title="Barbara Boxer">Barbara Boxer</a> and House Speaker <a href="/wiki/Nancy_Pelosi" title="Nancy Pelosi">Nancy Pelosi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-newsline-61">[58]</a> She won the Democratic primary and narrowly defeated Republican nominee <a href="/wiki/Steve_Cooley" title="Steve Cooley">Steve Cooley</a> in the general election.<a href="#cite_note-62">[59]</a> Her tenure was marked by significant efforts in consumer protection, criminal justice reform, and privacy rights. In 2014, Harris was reelected, defeating Republican nominee Ronald Gold with 58% of the vote.<a href="#cite_note-Reilly-60">[57]</a> During her second term, she expanded her focus on consumer protection, securing major settlements against corporations like <a href="/wiki/Quest_Diagnostics" title="Quest Diagnostics">Quest Diagnostics</a>,<a href="#cite_note-63">[60]</a> <a href="/wiki/JPMorgan_Chase" title="JPMorgan Chase">JPMorgan Chase</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Parker-64">[61]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Corinthian_Colleges" title="Corinthian Colleges">Corinthian Colleges</a>,<a href="#cite_note-auto14-65">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-66">[63]</a> recovering billions for California consumers. She spearheaded the creation of the Homeowner Bill of Rights to combat aggressive <a href="/wiki/Foreclosure" title="Foreclosure">foreclosure</a> practices during the housing crisis, recording multiple nine-figure settlements against mortgage servicers.<a href="#cite_note-67">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-68">[65]</a> Harris also worked on privacy rights. She collaborated with major tech companies like <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a>, <a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a> to ensure that mobile apps disclosed their data-sharing practices.<a href="#cite_note-69">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-Elinor-70">[67]</a> She created the Privacy Enforcement and Protection Unit, focusing on cyber privacy and data breaches.<a href="#cite_note-Elinor-70">[67]</a> California secured settlements with companies like <a href="/wiki/Comcast" title="Comcast">Comcast</a> and <a href="/wiki/Houzz" title="Houzz">Houzz</a> for privacy violations.<a href="#cite_note-71">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-72">[69]</a> Harris was instrumental in advancing criminal justice reform. She launched the Division of Recidivism Reduction and Re-Entry and implemented the Back on Track LA program, which provided educational and job training opportunities for nonviolent offenders.<a href="#cite_note-73">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-74">[71]</a> Despite her focus on reform, Harris faced criticism for defending the state's position in cases involving wrongful convictions<a href="#cite_note-CrimJusticeRecord2-75">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-CrimJusticeRecord2-75">[72]</a> and for her office's stance on prison labor.<a href="#cite_note-76">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-77">[74]</a> She continued to advocate for progressive reforms, including banning the <a href="/wiki/Gay_panic_defense" title="Gay panic defense">gay panic defense</a> in California courts<a href="#cite_note-78">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-79">[76]</a> and opposing <a href="/wiki/Proposition_8" class="mw-redirect" title="Proposition 8">Proposition 8</a>, the state's same-sex marriage ban.<a href="#cite_note-80">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-81">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-82">[79]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="U.S._Senator_(2017–2021)">U.S. Senator (2017–2021)</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Election">Election</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_Senate_election_in_California" title="2016 United States Senate election in California">2016 United States Senate election in California</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kamala_Harris_takes_oath_of_office_as_United_States_Senator_by_Vice_President_Joe_Biden.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Kamala_Harris_takes_oath_of_office_as_United_States_Senator_by_Vice_President_Joe_Biden.jpg/220px-Kamala_Harris_takes_oath_of_office_as_United_States_Senator_by_Vice_President_Joe_Biden.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Kamala_Harris_takes_oath_of_office_as_United_States_Senator_by_Vice_President_Joe_Biden.jpg/330px-Kamala_Harris_takes_oath_of_office_as_United_States_Senator_by_Vice_President_Joe_Biden.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Kamala_Harris_takes_oath_of_office_as_United_States_Senator_by_Vice_President_Joe_Biden.jpg/440px-Kamala_Harris_takes_oath_of_office_as_United_States_Senator_by_Vice_President_Joe_Biden.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /></a><figcaption>Harris being sworn into the Senate by then vice president <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> in January 2017. At center is Harris' husband, <a href="/wiki/Doug_Emhoff" title="Doug Emhoff">Doug Emhoff</a>.</figcaption></figure> After more than 20 years as a U.S. senator from California, Senator <a href="/wiki/Barbara_Boxer" title="Barbara Boxer">Barbara Boxer</a> announced on January 13, 2015, that she would not run for reelection in 2016.<a href="#cite_note-Mehta-83">[80]</a> Harris announced her candidacy for the Senate seat the next week.<a href="#cite_note-Mehta-83">[80]</a> She was a top contender from the beginning of her campaign.<a href="#cite_note-Kane-84">[81]</a> The 2016 California Senate election used California's new top-two primary format, where the top two candidates in the primary advance to the general election regardless of party.<a href="#cite_note-Kane-84">[81]</a> On February 27, 2016, Harris won 78% of the <a href="/wiki/California_Democratic_Party" title="California Democratic Party">California Democratic Party</a> vote at the party convention, allowing her campaign to receive financial support from the party.<a href="#cite_note-85">[82]</a> Three months later, Governor Jerry Brown endorsed her.<a href="#cite_note-86">[83]</a> In the June 7 primary, Harris came in first with 40% of the vote and won with pluralities in most counties.<a href="#cite_note-87">[84]</a> Harris faced representative and fellow Democrat <a href="/wiki/Loretta_Sanchez" title="Loretta Sanchez">Loretta Sanchez</a> in the general election.<a href="#cite_note-Myers-88">[85]</a> On July 19, President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> and Vice President <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> endorsed Harris.<a href="#cite_note-89">[86]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_elections,_2016" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate elections, 2016">November 2016 election</a>, Harris defeated Sanchez with over 60% of the vote, carrying all but four counties.<a href="#cite_note-90">[87]</a> After her victory, she promised to protect immigrants from the policies of President-elect <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> and announced her intention to remain Attorney General through the end of 2016.<a href="#cite_note-91">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-92">[89]</a> Harris became the second Black woman and first South Asian American senator in history.<a href="#cite_note-Ma_2021c-93">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-94">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-95">[92]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tenure_and_political_positions">Tenure and political positions</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Kamala_Harris" title="Political positions of Kamala Harris">Political positions of Kamala Harris</a></div> As a senator, Harris <a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Kamala_Harris" title="Political positions of Kamala Harris">advocated</a> stricter <a href="/wiki/Gun_control_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Gun control in the United States">gun control</a> laws,<a href="#cite_note-SenateStances-96">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-97">[94]</a> the <a href="/wiki/DREAM_Act" title="DREAM Act">DREAM Act</a>, <a href="/wiki/Legalization_of_non-medical_cannabis_in_the_United_States" title="Legalization of non-medical cannabis in the United States">federal legalization of cannabis</a>, and healthcare and <a href="/wiki/Progressive_tax" title="Progressive tax">taxation</a> reforms.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] She became well known nationally after questioning several Trump appointees such as <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Sessions" title="Jeff Sessions">Jeff Sessions</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brett_Kavanaugh" title="Brett Kavanaugh">Brett Kavanaugh</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Harris2019-98">[95]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2017">2017</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kamala_Harris_with_Dreamers_-_2017-12-06.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Kamala_Harris_with_Dreamers_-_2017-12-06.jpg/220px-Kamala_Harris_with_Dreamers_-_2017-12-06.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Kamala_Harris_with_Dreamers_-_2017-12-06.jpg/330px-Kamala_Harris_with_Dreamers_-_2017-12-06.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Kamala_Harris_with_Dreamers_-_2017-12-06.jpg/440px-Kamala_Harris_with_Dreamers_-_2017-12-06.jpg 2x" data-file-width="680" data-file-height="510" /></a><figcaption>Harris with <a href="/wiki/DREAM_Act" title="DREAM Act">DREAMers</a>, December 2017</figcaption></figure> On January 28, after Trump signed <a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_13769" title="Executive Order 13769">Executive Order 13769</a>, barring citizens from several Muslim-majority countries from entering the U.S. for 90 days, she condemned the order and was one of many to call it a "Muslim ban".<a href="#cite_note-99">[96]</a> She called <a href="/wiki/White_House_Chief_of_Staff" title="White House Chief of Staff">White House Chief of Staff</a> <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kelly" title="John F. Kelly">John F. Kelly</a> at home to gather information and push back against the executive order.<a href="#cite_note-100">[97]</a> In February, Harris spoke in opposition to Trump's cabinet picks <a href="/wiki/Betsy_DeVos" title="Betsy DeVos">Betsy DeVos</a> for <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_education" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of education">secretary of education</a><a href="#cite_note-101">[98]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Sessions" title="Jeff Sessions">Jeff Sessions</a> for <a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney_General" title="United States Attorney General">United States Attorney General</a>.<a href="#cite_note-102">[99]</a> In early March, she called on Sessions to resign, after it was reported that Sessions, who had previously said he "did not have communications with the Russians", spoke twice with <a href="/wiki/Russian_Ambassador_to_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Ambassador to the United States">Russian Ambassador to the United States</a> <a href="/wiki/Sergey_Kislyak" title="Sergey Kislyak">Sergey Kislyak</a>.<a href="#cite_note-103">[100]</a> In April, Harris voted against the confirmation of <a href="/wiki/Neil_Gorsuch" title="Neil Gorsuch">Neil Gorsuch</a> to the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Supreme Court">U.S. Supreme Court</a>.<a href="#cite_note-104">[101]</a> Later that month, she took her first foreign trip to the Middle East, visiting California troops stationed in <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Zaatari_refugee_camp" title="Zaatari refugee camp">Zaatari refugee camp</a> in <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a>, the largest camp for Syrian refugees.<a href="#cite_note-105">[102]</a> In June, Harris garnered media attention for her questioning of <a href="/wiki/Rod_Rosenstein" title="Rod Rosenstein">Rod Rosenstein</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Deputy_Attorney_General" title="United States Deputy Attorney General">deputy attorney general</a>, over the role he played in the <a href="/wiki/Dismissal_of_James_Comey" title="Dismissal of James Comey">May 2017 firing</a> of <a href="/wiki/James_Comey" title="James Comey">James Comey</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Director_of_the_Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation">director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-106">[103]</a> The prosecutorial nature of her questioning caused Senator <a href="/wiki/John_McCain" title="John McCain">John McCain</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Ex_officio_member" title="Ex officio member">ex officio member</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Select_Committee_on_Intelligence" title="United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence">Intelligence Committee</a>, and Senator <a href="/wiki/Richard_Burr" title="Richard Burr">Richard Burr</a>, the committee chairman, to interrupt her and request that she be more respectful of the witness. A week later, she questioned <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Sessions" title="Jeff Sessions">Jeff Sessions</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney_General" title="United States Attorney General">attorney general</a>, on the same topic.<a href="#cite_note-107">[104]</a> Sessions said her questioning "makes me nervous".<a href="#cite_note-108">[105]</a> Burr's singling out of Harris sparked suggestions in the news media that his behavior was sexist, with commentators arguing that Burr would not treat a male Senate colleague in a similar manner.<a href="#cite_note-109">[106]</a> In December, Harris called for the resignation of Senator <a href="/wiki/Al_Franken" title="Al Franken">Al Franken</a>, writing on Twitter, "Sexual harassment and misconduct should not be allowed by anyone and should not occur anywhere."<a href="#cite_note-110">[107]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2018">2018</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kamala_Harris_in_Selma_-_2018.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Kamala_Harris_in_Selma_-_2018.jpg/260px-Kamala_Harris_in_Selma_-_2018.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Kamala_Harris_in_Selma_-_2018.jpg/390px-Kamala_Harris_in_Selma_-_2018.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Kamala_Harris_in_Selma_-_2018.jpg/520px-Kamala_Harris_in_Selma_-_2018.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1535" data-file-height="863" /></a><figcaption>Harris at the commemoration of <a href="/wiki/Selma_to_Montgomery_marches#"Bloody_Sunday"_events" title="Selma to Montgomery marches">Bloody Sunday</a> in <a href="/wiki/Selma,_Alabama" title="Selma, Alabama">Selma, Alabama</a> where she was invited to speak by <a href="/wiki/John_Lewis" title="John Lewis">John Lewis</a> (right), January 2018<a href="#cite_note-111">[108]</a></figcaption></figure> In January, Harris was appointed to the <a href="/wiki/Senate_Judiciary_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Senate Judiciary Committee">Senate Judiciary Committee</a> after Franken resigned.<a href="#cite_note-112">[109]</a> Later that month, she questioned Homeland Security Secretary <a href="/wiki/Kirstjen_Nielsen" title="Kirstjen Nielsen">Kirstjen Nielsen</a> for favoring Norwegian immigrants over others and for claiming to be unaware that Norway is a predominantly white country.<a href="#cite_note-113">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-114">[111]</a> Also in January, Harris and Senators <a href="/wiki/Heidi_Heitkamp" title="Heidi Heitkamp">Heidi Heitkamp</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jon_Tester" title="Jon Tester">Jon Tester</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Claire_McCaskill" title="Claire McCaskill">Claire McCaskill</a> co-sponsored the Border and Port Security Act,<a href="#cite_note-115">[112]</a> legislation to mandate that <a href="/wiki/U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection" title="U.S. Customs and Border Protection">U.S. Customs and Border Protection</a> "hire, train and assign at least 500 officers per year until the number of needed positions the model identifies is filled" and require the commissioner of Customs and Border Protection to determine potential equipment and infrastructure improvements for ports of entry.<a href="#cite_note-116">[113]</a> In May, Harris heatedly questioned Nielsen about the <a href="/wiki/Trump_administration_family_separation_policy" title="Trump administration family separation policy">Trump administration family separation policy</a>, under which children were separated from their families when their parents were taken into custody for illegally entering the U.S.<a href="#cite_note-117">[114]</a> In June, after visiting one of the detention facilities near the border in San Diego,<a href="#cite_note-118">[115]</a> Harris became the first senator to demand Nielsen's resignation.<a href="#cite_note-119">[116]</a> In the September and October <a href="/wiki/Brett_Kavanaugh_Supreme_Court_nomination" title="Brett Kavanaugh Supreme Court nomination">Brett Kavanaugh Supreme Court confirmation hearings</a>, Harris questioned <a href="/wiki/Brett_Kavanaugh" title="Brett Kavanaugh">Brett Kavanaugh</a> about a meeting he may have had regarding the Mueller Investigation with a member of <a href="/wiki/Kasowitz_Benson_Torres" title="Kasowitz Benson Torres">Kasowitz Benson Torres</a>, the law firm founded by <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a>'s personal attorney, <a href="/wiki/Marc_Kasowitz" title="Marc Kasowitz">Marc Kasowitz</a>. Kavanaugh was unable to answer and repeatedly deflected.<a href="#cite_note-120">[117]</a> Harris also participated in questioning the FBI director's limited scope of the investigation of Kavanaugh regarding allegations of sexual assault.<a href="#cite_note-121">[118]</a> She voted against his confirmation. Harris was a target of the <a href="/wiki/October_2018_United_States_mail_bombing_attempts" title="October 2018 United States mail bombing attempts">October 2018 United States mail bombing attempts</a>.<a href="#cite_note-122">[119]</a> In December, the Senate passed the <a href="/wiki/Justice_for_Victims_of_Lynching_Act" title="Justice for Victims of Lynching Act">Justice for Victims of Lynching Act</a> (S. 3178), sponsored by Harris.<a href="#cite_note-123">[120]</a> The bill, which died in the House, would have made lynching a federal hate crime.<a href="#cite_note-124">[121]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2019">2019</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kamala_Harris_(48390414112)_(crop1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Kamala_Harris_%2848390414112%29_%28crop1%29.jpg/170px-Kamala_Harris_%2848390414112%29_%28crop1%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Kamala_Harris_%2848390414112%29_%28crop1%29.jpg/255px-Kamala_Harris_%2848390414112%29_%28crop1%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Kamala_Harris_%2848390414112%29_%28crop1%29.jpg/340px-Kamala_Harris_%2848390414112%29_%28crop1%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2449" data-file-height="3087" /></a><figcaption>Harris at the <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Pride" title="San Francisco Pride">San Francisco Pride</a> parade, June 2019</figcaption></figure> Harris supported <a href="/wiki/Desegregation_busing" title="Desegregation busing">busing</a> for <a href="/wiki/School_integration_in_the_United_States" title="School integration in the United States">desegregation of public schools</a>, saying, "the schools of America are as segregated, if not more segregated, today than when I was in elementary school."<a href="#cite_note-125">[122]</a> She viewed busing as an option to be considered by school districts, rather than the responsibility of the federal government.<a href="#cite_note-126">[123]</a> Harris was an early co-sponsor of the <a href="/wiki/Green_New_Deal" title="Green New Deal">Green New Deal</a>, a plan to transition the country towards generating 100 percent <a href="/wiki/Renewable_electricity" class="mw-redirect" title="Renewable electricity">renewable electricity</a> by 2030.<a href="#cite_note-127">[124]</a> In March 2019, after Special Counsel <a href="/wiki/Robert_Mueller" title="Robert Mueller">Robert Mueller</a> submitted <a href="/wiki/Mueller_Report" class="mw-redirect" title="Mueller Report">his report on Russian interference in the 2016 election</a>, Harris called for U.S. Attorney General <a href="/wiki/William_Barr" title="William Barr">William Barr</a> to testify before Congress in the interests of transparency.<a href="#cite_note-128">[125]</a> Two days later, Barr released a <a href="/wiki/Barr_letter" title="Barr letter">four-page "summary"</a> of the redacted Mueller Report, which was criticized as a deliberate mischaracterization of its conclusions.<a href="#cite_note-129">[126]</a> Later that month, Harris was one of 12 Democratic senators led by <a href="/wiki/Mazie_Hirono" title="Mazie Hirono">Mazie Hirono</a> to sign a letter questioning Barr's decision to offer "his own conclusion that the President's conduct did not amount to obstruction of justice", and called for an investigation into whether Barr's summary of the <a href="/wiki/Mueller_report" title="Mueller report">Mueller report</a> and his statements at a news conference were misleading.<a href="#cite_note-130">[127]</a> In April 2019, Harris was one of 34 Senate Democrats and independents to write a letter urging President Trump not to cut aid to El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras. The group wrote:<a href="#cite_note-131">[128]</a><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">We encourage you to listen to members of your own Administration and reverse a decision that will damage our national security and aggravate conditions inside Central America....Since taking office, you have consistently expressed a flawed understanding of U.S. foreign assistance. It is neither charity, nor is it a gift to foreign governments. Our national security funding is specifically designed to promote American interests, enhance our collective security, and protect the safety of our citizens... By obstructing the use of [Fiscal Year 2018] national security funding and seeking to terminate similar funding from [Fiscal Year 2017], you are personally undermining efforts to promote U.S. national security and economic prosperity.</blockquote> On May 1, 2019, Barr testified before the <a href="/wiki/Senate_Judiciary_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Senate Judiciary Committee">Senate Judiciary Committee</a>.<a href="#cite_note-132">[129]</a> During the hearing, he remained defiant about the misrepresentations in the four-page summary he had released ahead of the full report.<a href="#cite_note-133">[130]</a> When asked by Harris whether he had reviewed the underlying evidence before deciding not to charge Trump with obstruction of justice, Barr admitted that neither he, <a href="/wiki/Rod_Rosenstein" title="Rod Rosenstein">Rod Rosenstein</a>, nor anyone in his office had reviewed the evidence supporting the report before making the charging decision.<a href="#cite_note-134">[131]</a> Harris later called for Barr to resign, accusing him of refusing to answer her questions because he could open himself up to <a href="/wiki/Perjury" title="Perjury">perjury</a>, and saying his responses disqualified him from serving as U.S. attorney general.<a href="#cite_note-135">[132]</a><a href="#cite_note-136">[133]</a> Two days later, Harris demanded again that the Department of Justice inspector general <a href="/wiki/Michael_E._Horowitz" title="Michael E. Horowitz">Michael E. Horowitz</a> investigate whether Barr acceded to pressure from the White House to investigate Trump's political enemies.<a href="#cite_note-137">[134]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Congressional_Black_Caucus_women_2019.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Congressional_Black_Caucus_women_2019.jpg/200px-Congressional_Black_Caucus_women_2019.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Congressional_Black_Caucus_women_2019.jpg/300px-Congressional_Black_Caucus_women_2019.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Congressional_Black_Caucus_women_2019.jpg/400px-Congressional_Black_Caucus_women_2019.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1374" /></a><figcaption>Harris with women of the <a href="/wiki/Congressional_Black_Caucus" title="Congressional Black Caucus">Congressional Black Caucus</a> in January 2019</figcaption></figure> On May 5, 2019, Harris said "voter suppression" prevented Democrats <a href="/wiki/Stacey_Abrams" title="Stacey Abrams">Stacey Abrams</a> and <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Gillum" title="Andrew Gillum">Andrew Gillum</a> from winning the 2018 gubernatorial elections in <a href="/wiki/2018_Georgia_gubernatorial_election" title="2018 Georgia gubernatorial election">Georgia</a> and <a href="/wiki/2018_Florida_gubernatorial_election" title="2018 Florida gubernatorial election">Florida</a>; Abrams lost by 55,000 votes and Gillum by 32,000. According to election law expert <a href="/wiki/Richard_L._Hasen" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard L. Hasen">Richard L. Hasen</a>, "I have seen no good evidence that the suppressive effects of strict voting and registration laws affected the outcome of the governor's races in Georgia and Florida."<a href="#cite_note-138">[135]</a> In July, Harris teamed with <a href="/wiki/Kirsten_Gillibrand" title="Kirsten Gillibrand">Kirsten Gillibrand</a> to urge the <a href="/wiki/First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="First presidency of Donald Trump">Trump administration</a> to investigate the <a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Uyghurs_in_China" title="Persecution of Uyghurs in China">persecution of Uyghurs in China</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Chinese Communist Party</a>; in this question she was joined by Senator <a href="/wiki/Marco_Rubio" title="Marco Rubio">Marco Rubio</a>.<a href="#cite_note-139">[136]</a> In November, Harris called for an investigation into the death of Roxsana Hernández, a transgender woman and immigrant who died in <a href="/wiki/U.S._Immigration_and_Customs_Enforcement" title="U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement">ICE</a> custody.<a href="#cite_note-140">[137]</a><a href="#cite_note-141">[138]</a> In December, Harris led a group of Democratic senators and civil rights organizations in demanding the removal of White House senior adviser <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Miller_(political_advisor)" title="Stephen Miller (political advisor)">Stephen Miller</a> after emails published by the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Poverty_Law_Center" title="Southern Poverty Law Center">Southern Poverty Law Center</a> revealed frequent promotion of <a href="/wiki/White_nationalist" class="mw-redirect" title="White nationalist">white nationalist</a> literature to <a href="/wiki/Breitbart_News" title="Breitbart News">Breitbart</a> website editors.<a href="#cite_note-142">[139]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2020">2020</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><video id="mwe_player_1" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Kamala_Harris_speaks_about_the_impeachment_of_Donald_Trump_2020-01-14.ogv/190px--Kamala_Harris_speaks_about_the_impeachment_of_Donald_Trump_2020-01-14.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="190" height="190" data-durationhint="82" data-mwtitle="Kamala_Harris_speaks_about_the_impeachment_of_Donald_Trump_2020-01-14.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Kamala_Harris_speaks_about_the_impeachment_of_Donald_Trump_2020-01-14.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/43/Kamala_Harris_speaks_about_the_impeachment_of_Donald_Trump_2020-01-14.ogv/Kamala_Harris_speaks_about_the_impeachment_of_Donald_Trump_2020-01-14.ogv.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="480" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/Kamala_Harris_speaks_about_the_impeachment_of_Donald_Trump_2020-01-14.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="720" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/43/Kamala_Harris_speaks_about_the_impeachment_of_Donald_Trump_2020-01-14.ogv/Kamala_Harris_speaks_about_the_impeachment_of_Donald_Trump_2020-01-14.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="144" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/43/Kamala_Harris_speaks_about_the_impeachment_of_Donald_Trump_2020-01-14.ogv/Kamala_Harris_speaks_about_the_impeachment_of_Donald_Trump_2020-01-14.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="240" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/43/Kamala_Harris_speaks_about_the_impeachment_of_Donald_Trump_2020-01-14.ogv/Kamala_Harris_speaks_about_the_impeachment_of_Donald_Trump_2020-01-14.ogv.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="360" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/43/Kamala_Harris_speaks_about_the_impeachment_of_Donald_Trump_2020-01-14.ogv/Kamala_Harris_speaks_about_the_impeachment_of_Donald_Trump_2020-01-14.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="360" data-height="360" /></video><figcaption>Harris speaks at <a href="/wiki/First_impeachment_trial_of_Donald_Trump" title="First impeachment trial of Donald Trump">Donald Trump's first impeachment trial</a> in January 2020</figcaption></figure> Before the opening of the <a href="/wiki/First_impeachment_trial_of_Donald_Trump" title="First impeachment trial of Donald Trump">impeachment trial of Donald Trump</a> on January 16, 2020, Harris delivered remarks on the floor of the Senate, stating her views on the integrity of the American justice system and the principle that nobody, including an incumbent president, is above the law. She later asked Senate Judiciary chairman <a href="/wiki/Lindsey_Graham" title="Lindsey Graham">Lindsey Graham</a> to halt all judicial nominations during the impeachment trial, to which Graham acquiesced.<a href="#cite_note-143">[140]</a><a href="#cite_note-144">[141]</a> Harris voted to convict Trump on charges of abuse of power and obstruction of Congress.<a href="#cite_note-145">[142]</a> Harris worked on bipartisan bills with Republican co-sponsors, including a bail reform bill with <a href="/wiki/Rand_Paul" title="Rand Paul">Rand Paul</a>,<a href="#cite_note-146">[143]</a> an election security bill with <a href="/wiki/James_Lankford" title="James Lankford">James Lankford</a>,<a href="#cite_note-147">[144]</a> and a workplace harassment bill with <a href="/wiki/Lisa_Murkowski" title="Lisa Murkowski">Lisa Murkowski</a>.<a href="#cite_note-148">[145]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2021">2021</h4></div> Following her election as Vice President of the United States, Harris resigned from her seat on January 18, 2021,<a href="#cite_note-149">[146]</a> before taking office on January 20, and was replaced by <a href="/wiki/California_Secretary_of_State" class="mw-redirect" title="California Secretary of State">California Secretary of State</a> <a href="/wiki/Alex_Padilla" title="Alex Padilla">Alex Padilla</a>.<a href="#cite_note-150">[147]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Committee_assignments">Committee assignments</h3></div> While in the Senate, Harris was a member of the following committees:<a href="#cite_note-151">[148]</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_the_Budget" title="United States Senate Committee on the Budget">Committee on the Budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Homeland_Security_and_Governmental_Affairs" title="United States Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs">Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Homeland_Security_Subcommittee_on_Federal_Spending_Oversight_and_Emergency_Management" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate Homeland Security Subcommittee on Federal Spending Oversight and Emergency Management">Subcommittee on Federal Spending Oversight and Emergency Management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Homeland_Security_Subcommittee_on_Regulatory_Affairs_and_Federal_Management" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate Homeland Security Subcommittee on Regulatory Affairs and Federal Management">Subcommittee on Regulatory Affairs and Federal Management</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Select_Committee_on_Intelligence" title="United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence">Select Committee on Intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_the_Judiciary" title="United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary">Committee on the Judiciary</a><a href="#cite_note-152">[149]</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Judiciary_Subcommittee_on_the_Constitution" title="United States Senate Judiciary Subcommittee on the Constitution">Subcommittee on the Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Judiciary_Subcommittee_on_Oversight,_Agency_Action,_Federal_Rights_and_Federal_Courts" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate Judiciary Subcommittee on Oversight, Agency Action, Federal Rights and Federal Courts">Subcommittee on Oversight, Agency Action, Federal Rights and Federal Courts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Judiciary_Subcommittee_on_Privacy,_Technology_and_the_Law" title="United States Senate Judiciary Subcommittee on Privacy, Technology and the Law">Subcommittee on Privacy, Technology and the Law</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Caucus_memberships">Caucus memberships</h3></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Asian_Pacific_American_Caucus" title="Congressional Asian Pacific American Caucus">Congressional Asian Pacific American Caucus</a><a href="#cite_note-153">[150]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Black_Caucus" title="Congressional Black Caucus">Congressional Black Caucus</a><a href="#cite_note-154">[151]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Caucus_for_Women%27s_Issues" title="Congressional Caucus for Women's Issues">Congressional Caucus for Women's Issues</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="2020_presidential_election">2020 presidential election</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Presidential_campaign">Presidential campaign</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Kamala Harris 2020 presidential campaign">Kamala Harris 2020 presidential campaign</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kamala_Harris_announcing_her_candidacy_for_presidency.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Kamala_Harris_announcing_her_candidacy_for_presidency.png/220px-Kamala_Harris_announcing_her_candidacy_for_presidency.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Kamala_Harris_announcing_her_candidacy_for_presidency.png/330px-Kamala_Harris_announcing_her_candidacy_for_presidency.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Kamala_Harris_announcing_her_candidacy_for_presidency.png/440px-Kamala_Harris_announcing_her_candidacy_for_presidency.png 2x" data-file-width="492" data-file-height="443" /></a><figcaption>Harris announces her run for the <a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries">2020 Democratic nomination for president</a> in <a href="/wiki/Oakland,_California" title="Oakland, California">Oakland, California</a>, January 2019</figcaption></figure> Harris had been considered a top contender and potential front-runner for the <a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries">2020 Democratic nomination for president</a>.<a href="#cite_note-155">[152]</a> In June 2018, she said she was "not ruling it out".<a href="#cite_note-156">[153]</a> In July 2018, it was announced that she would publish a memoir, a sign of a possible run.<a href="#cite_note-157">[154]</a> On January 21, 2019, Harris officially announced her <a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Kamala Harris 2020 presidential campaign">candidacy</a> for president of the United States in the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">2020 presidential election</a>.<a href="#cite_note-158">[155]</a> In the first 24 hours after her announcement, she tied a record set by <a href="/wiki/Bernie_Sanders" title="Bernie Sanders">Bernie Sanders</a> in 2016 for the most donations raised in the day after an announcement.<a href="#cite_note-159">[156]</a><a href="#cite_note-160">[157]</a> More than 20,000 people attended her campaign launch event in her hometown of Oakland, California, on January 27, according to a police estimate.<a href="#cite_note-161">[158]</a> During the first Democratic <a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_debates_and_forums" class="mw-redirect" title="2020 Democratic Party presidential debates and forums">presidential debate</a> in June 2019, Harris scolded former vice president Joe Biden for "hurtful" remarks he made, speaking fondly of senators who opposed integration efforts in the 1970s and working with them to oppose mandatory school bussing.<a href="#cite_note-162">[159]</a> Harris's support rose by between six and nine points in polls after that debate.<a href="#cite_note-163">[160]</a> In the second debate in August, Biden and Representative <a href="/wiki/Tulsi_Gabbard" title="Tulsi Gabbard">Tulsi Gabbard</a> confronted Harris over her record as attorney general.<a href="#cite_note-164">[161]</a> The <a href="/wiki/San_Jose_Mercury_News" class="mw-redirect" title="San Jose Mercury News">San Jose Mercury News</a> assessed that some of Gabbard's and Biden's accusations were on point, such as blocking the DNA testing of a death row inmate, while others did not withstand scrutiny. In the immediate aftermath of the debate, Harris fell in the polls.<a href="#cite_note-165">[162]</a><a href="#cite_note-166">[163]</a> Over the next few months her poll numbers fell to the low single digits.<a href="#cite_note-167">[164]</a><a href="#cite_note-168">[165]</a> Harris faced criticism from reformers for tough-on-crime policies she pursued while she was California's attorney general.<a href="#cite_note-169">[166]</a> In 2014, she defended California's death penalty in court.<a href="#cite_note-170">[167]</a> Before and during her presidential campaign, an online informal organization using the hashtag #<a href="/wiki/KHive" title="KHive">KHive</a> formed to support Harris's candidacy and defend her from racist and sexist attacks.<a href="#cite_note-171">[168]</a><a href="#cite_note-172">[169]</a><a href="#cite_note-173">[170]</a> According to the <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Dot" title="The Daily Dot">Daily Dot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joy_Reid" title="Joy Reid">Joy Reid</a> first used the term in an August 2017 tweet saying "@Dr<a href="/wiki/Jason_Johnson_(professor)" title="Jason Johnson (professor)">JasonJohnson</a> @<a href="/wiki/Zerlina_Maxwell" title="Zerlina Maxwell">ZerlinaMaxwell</a> and I had a meeting and decided it's called the K-Hive."<a href="#cite_note-174">[171]</a> On December 3, 2019, Harris withdrew from the 2020 presidential election, citing a shortage of funds.<a href="#cite_note-175">[172]</a> In March 2020, she endorsed <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> for president.<a href="#cite_note-176">[173]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vice_presidential_campaign">Vice presidential campaign</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign">Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign</a> and <a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_Party_vice_presidential_candidate_selection" title="2020 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection">2020 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kamala_hero-1560x936.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Kamala_hero-1560x936.jpg/220px-Kamala_hero-1560x936.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Kamala_hero-1560x936.jpg/330px-Kamala_hero-1560x936.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Kamala_hero-1560x936.jpg/440px-Kamala_hero-1560x936.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1560" data-file-height="936" /></a><figcaption>Harris announces her <a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_Party_vice_presidential_candidate_selection" title="2020 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection">candidacy for vice president</a> in <a href="/wiki/Wilmington,_Delaware" title="Wilmington, Delaware">Wilmington, Delaware</a>, August 2020 </figcaption></figure> In May 2019, senior members of the <a href="/wiki/Congressional_Black_Caucus" title="Congressional Black Caucus">Congressional Black Caucus</a> endorsed the idea of a Biden–Harris ticket.<a href="#cite_note-177">[174]</a> In late February 2020, Biden won a landslide victory in the <a href="/wiki/2020_South_Carolina_Democratic_primary" class="mw-redirect" title="2020 South Carolina Democratic primary">2020 South Carolina Democratic primary</a> with the endorsement of House whip <a href="/wiki/Jim_Clyburn" title="Jim Clyburn">Jim Clyburn</a>, with more victories on <a href="/wiki/Super_Tuesday" title="Super Tuesday">Super Tuesday</a>. In early March, Clyburn suggested Biden choose a black woman as a running mate, saying, "African American women needed to be rewarded for their loyalty".<a href="#cite_note-178">[175]</a> In March, Biden committed to choosing a woman for his running mate.<a href="#cite_note-179">[176]</a> On April 17, 2020, Harris responded to media speculation and said she "would be honored" to be Biden's running mate.<a href="#cite_note-180">[177]</a> In late May, in relation to the <a href="/wiki/Murder_of_George_Floyd" title="Murder of George Floyd">murder of George Floyd</a> and <a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests" title="George Floyd protests">ensuing protests and demonstrations</a>, Biden faced renewed calls to select a black woman as his running mate, highlighting the law enforcement credentials of Harris and <a href="/wiki/Val_Demings" title="Val Demings">Val Demings</a>.<a href="#cite_note-181">[178]</a> On June 12, <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> reported that Harris was emerging as the front-runner to be Biden's running mate, as she was the only African American woman with the political experience typical of vice presidents.<a href="#cite_note-182">[179]</a> On June 26, <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a> reported that more than a dozen people close to the Biden search process considered Harris one of Biden's top four contenders, along with <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Warren" title="Elizabeth Warren">Elizabeth Warren</a>, <a href="/wiki/Val_Demings" title="Val Demings">Val Demings</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Keisha_Lance_Bottoms" title="Keisha Lance Bottoms">Keisha Lance Bottoms</a>.<a href="#cite_note-183">[180]</a> On August 11, 2020, Biden announced he had chosen Harris.<a href="#cite_note-184">[181]</a> She was the first African American, the first <a href="/wiki/Indian_Americans" title="Indian Americans">Indian American</a>, and the third woman after <a href="/wiki/Geraldine_Ferraro" title="Geraldine Ferraro">Geraldine Ferraro</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Palin" title="Sarah Palin">Sarah Palin</a> to be the vice-presidential nominee on a major-party ticket.<a href="#cite_note-185">[182]</a> Harris is also the first resident of the Western United States to appear on the Democratic Party's national ticket.<a href="#cite_note-186">[183]</a> Harris became the <a href="/wiki/Vice_President-elect_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President-elect of the United States">vice president–elect</a> after Biden won the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">2020 presidential election</a>.<a href="#cite_note-187">[184]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vice_presidency_(2021–present)">Vice presidency (2021–present)</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_Joe_Biden" title="Inauguration of Joe Biden">Inauguration of Joe Biden</a> and <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Joe_Biden" title="Presidency of Joe Biden">Presidency of Joe Biden</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Harris_oath_of_office.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Harris_oath_of_office.jpg/220px-Harris_oath_of_office.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Harris_oath_of_office.jpg/330px-Harris_oath_of_office.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Harris_oath_of_office.jpg/440px-Harris_oath_of_office.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3126" data-file-height="2218" /></a><figcaption>Harris being sworn in as vice president by Supreme Court Justice <a href="/wiki/Sonia_Sotomayor" title="Sonia Sotomayor">Sonia Sotomayor</a> on January 20, 2021</figcaption></figure> Harris was sworn in as vice president on 11:40 a.m. on January 20, 2021, by Justice <a href="/wiki/Sonia_Sotomayor" title="Sonia Sotomayor">Sonia Sotomayor</a>.<a href="#cite_note-188">[185]</a> She is the United States' first woman vice president, first African-American vice president, and first Asian-American vice president.<a href="#cite_note-VPHistory-189">[186]</a><a href="#cite_note-harris-senate-presiden-190">[187]</a><a href="#cite_note-191">[188]</a><a href="#cite_note-192">[189]</a> Harris is the third person with acknowledged non-European ancestry to become president or vice president.<a href="#cite_note-194">[d]</a> Her first act as vice president was to swear in three new senators: <a href="/wiki/Alex_Padilla" title="Alex Padilla">Alex Padilla</a> (her successor in the Senate) and Georgia Senators <a href="/wiki/Raphael_Warnock" title="Raphael Warnock">Raphael Warnock</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jon_Ossoff" title="Jon Ossoff">Jon Ossoff</a>.<a href="#cite_note-195">[191]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Senate_presidency">Senate presidency</h3></div> When Harris took office the <a href="/wiki/117th_United_States_Congress" title="117th United States Congress">117th Congress</a>'s Senate was divided 50–50 between <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republicans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democrats</a>;<a href="#cite_note-196">[192]</a> this meant that she was often called upon to exercise her power to cast <a href="/wiki/List_of_tie-breaking_votes_cast_by_the_vice_president_of_the_United_States" title="List of tie-breaking votes cast by the vice president of the United States">tie-breaking votes</a> as <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States#President_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Vice President of the United States">president of the Senate</a>. Harris cast her first two tie-breaking votes on February 5. In February and March, Harris's tie-breaking votes were required to pass the <a href="/wiki/American_Rescue_Plan_Act_of_2021" title="American Rescue Plan Act of 2021">American Rescue Plan Act of 2021</a> stimulus package Biden proposed, since no Senate Republicans voted for it.<a href="#cite_note-197">[193]</a><a href="#cite_note-198">[194]</a> On July 20, Harris broke <a href="/wiki/Mike_Pence" title="Mike Pence">Mike Pence</a>'s record for tie-breaking votes in the first year of a vice presidency<a href="#cite_note-199">[195]</a> when she cast the seventh tie-breaking vote in her first six months.<a href="#cite_note-senate.gov-200">[196]</a> She cast 13 tie-breaking votes during her first year in office, the most tie-breaking votes in a single year in U.S. history, surpassing <a href="/wiki/John_Adams" title="John Adams">John Adams</a>, who cast 12 in 1790.<a href="#cite_note-senate.gov-200">[196]</a><a href="#cite_note-201">[197]</a> On December 5, 2023, Harris broke the record for the most tie-breaking votes cast by a vice president, casting her 32nd vote, exceeding <a href="/wiki/John_C._Calhoun" title="John C. Calhoun">John C. Calhoun</a>, who cast 31 votes during his nearly eight years in office.<a href="#cite_note-senate.gov-200">[196]</a><a href="#cite_note-MostTies2-202">[198]</a> On November 19, 2021, Harris served as <a href="/wiki/Acting_president_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Acting president of the United States">acting president</a> from 10:10 to 11:35 am EST while Biden underwent a <a href="/wiki/Colonoscopy" title="Colonoscopy">colonoscopy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-203">[199]</a> She was the first woman, and the third person overall, to assume the powers and duties of the presidency as <a href="/wiki/Acting_president_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Acting president of the United States">acting president of the United States</a>.<a href="#cite_note-204">[200]</a><a href="#cite_note-205">[201]</a><a href="#cite_note-206">[202]</a> As early as December 2021, Harris was identified as playing a pivotal role in the <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Joe_Biden" title="Presidency of Joe Biden">Biden administration</a> owing to her tie-breaking vote in the evenly divided Senate as well as her being the presumed front-runner in 2024 if Biden did not seek reelection.<a href="#cite_note-207">[203]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Immigration">Immigration</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:V20210625LJ-0050_(51362307014).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/V20210625LJ-0050_%2851362307014%29.jpg/220px-V20210625LJ-0050_%2851362307014%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/V20210625LJ-0050_%2851362307014%29.jpg/330px-V20210625LJ-0050_%2851362307014%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/V20210625LJ-0050_%2851362307014%29.jpg/440px-V20210625LJ-0050_%2851362307014%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Harris disembarks <a href="/wiki/Marine_Two" class="mw-redirect" title="Marine Two">Marine Two</a> at <a href="/wiki/Joint_Base_Andrews" title="Joint Base Andrews">Joint Base Andrews</a> beginning a trip to <a href="/wiki/El_Paso,_Texas" title="El Paso, Texas">El Paso, Texas</a>, June 2021</figcaption></figure> On March 24, 2021, Biden assigned Harris to work with Mexico and <a href="/wiki/Northern_Triangle_of_Central_America" title="Northern Triangle of Central America">Northern Triangle</a> nations (El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras) to stem irregular migration to the <a href="/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_border" title="Mexico–United States border">Mexico–United States border</a> and address the root causes of migration.<a href="#cite_note-208">[204]</a><a href="#cite_note-209">[205]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Root_Causes_Strategy" title="Root Causes Strategy">Root Causes Strategy</a> (RCS) was the product of this effort.<a href="#cite_note-210">[206]</a> Multiple news organizations at the time described Harris as a "border czar",<a href="#cite_note-211">[207]</a><a href="#cite_note-212">[208]</a><a href="#cite_note-213">[209]</a> though Harris rejected the title and never actually held it.<a href="#cite_note-214">[210]</a><a href="#cite_note-215">[211]</a><a href="#cite_note-216">[212]</a><a href="#cite_note-217">[213]</a><a href="#cite_note-218">[214]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Bundling_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">excessive citations</a>] Republicans and other critics began using the term "border czar" to tie Harris to the <a href="/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_border_crisis" title="Mexico–United States border crisis">Mexico–United States border crisis</a>, including in a July 2024 House resolution, despite her having no authority over the border itself.<a href="#cite_note-219">[215]</a><a href="#cite_note-220">[216]</a><a href="#cite_note-221">[217]</a><a href="#cite_note-222">[218]</a><a href="#cite_note-223">[219]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Bundling_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">excessive citations</a>]<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arribo_a_Guatemala_de_la_vicepresidenta_de_los_Estados_Unidos_de_Am%C3%A9rica,_Kamala_Harris,_20210606_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Arribo_a_Guatemala_de_la_vicepresidenta_de_los_Estados_Unidos_de_Am%C3%A9rica%2C_Kamala_Harris%2C_20210606_%282%29.jpg/220px-Arribo_a_Guatemala_de_la_vicepresidenta_de_los_Estados_Unidos_de_Am%C3%A9rica%2C_Kamala_Harris%2C_20210606_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Arribo_a_Guatemala_de_la_vicepresidenta_de_los_Estados_Unidos_de_Am%C3%A9rica%2C_Kamala_Harris%2C_20210606_%282%29.jpg/330px-Arribo_a_Guatemala_de_la_vicepresidenta_de_los_Estados_Unidos_de_Am%C3%A9rica%2C_Kamala_Harris%2C_20210606_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Arribo_a_Guatemala_de_la_vicepresidenta_de_los_Estados_Unidos_de_Am%C3%A9rica%2C_Kamala_Harris%2C_20210606_%282%29.jpg/440px-Arribo_a_Guatemala_de_la_vicepresidenta_de_los_Estados_Unidos_de_Am%C3%A9rica%2C_Kamala_Harris%2C_20210606_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4512" data-file-height="3008" /></a><figcaption>Harris arrives in <a href="/wiki/Guatemala_City" title="Guatemala City">Guatemala City</a> during her first foreign trip as vice president, June 2021</figcaption></figure>Harris conducted her first international trip as vice president in June 2021, visiting Guatemala and Mexico in an attempt to address the root causes of an <a href="/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_border_crisis#Biden_administration" title="Mexico–United States border crisis">increase in migration from Central America to the United States</a>.<a href="#cite_note-224">[220]</a> During her visit, in a joint press conference with Guatemalan president <a href="/wiki/Alejandro_Giammattei" title="Alejandro Giammattei">Alejandro Giammattei</a>, Harris issued an appeal to potential migrants: "I want to be clear to folks in the region who are thinking about making that dangerous trek to the United States-Mexico border: Do not come. Do not come."<a href="#cite_note-225">[221]</a> Her work in Central America led to creation of: <ul><li>Task forces on corruption and <a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking" title="Human trafficking">human trafficking</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Partnership_for_Central_America" title="Partnership for Central America">Partnership for Central America</a><a href="#cite_note-226">[222]</a></li> <li>The women's empowerment program in Her Hands, part of the Partnership for Central America<a href="#cite_note-227">[223]</a></li> <li>Investment funds for housing and businesses<a href="#cite_note-Rothkopf-228">[224]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_policy">Foreign policy</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kamala_Harris_2024_-_65.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Kamala_Harris_2024_-_65.jpg/220px-Kamala_Harris_2024_-_65.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Kamala_Harris_2024_-_65.jpg/330px-Kamala_Harris_2024_-_65.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Kamala_Harris_2024_-_65.jpg/440px-Kamala_Harris_2024_-_65.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Vice President Harris at a press conference at the <a href="/wiki/Commerzbank" title="Commerzbank">Commerzbank</a> in <a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a> with Ukrainian president <a href="/wiki/Volodymyr_Zelenskyy" title="Volodymyr Zelenskyy">Volodymyr Zelenskyy</a>, February 2024</figcaption></figure>Harris met with French president <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron">Emmanuel Macron</a> in November 2021 to strengthen <a href="/wiki/France%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="France–United States relations">ties</a> after the <a href="/wiki/Attack-class_submarine#Reaction" title="Attack-class submarine">contentious cancellation</a> of a <a href="/wiki/Attack-class_submarine" title="Attack-class submarine">submarine program</a>.<a href="#cite_note-229">[225]</a> Another meeting was held in November 2022 during Macron's visit to the U.S., resulting in an agreement to strengthen U.S.–France space cooperation across civil, commercial, and national security sectors.<a href="#cite_note-230">[226]</a> In April 2021, Harris said she was the last person in the room before Biden decided to <a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_U.S._troop_withdrawal_from_Afghanistan" title="2020–2021 U.S. troop withdrawal from Afghanistan">remove all U.S. troops from Afghanistan</a>, adding that Biden had "an extraordinary amount of courage" and "make[s] decisions based on what he truly believes ... is the right thing to do."<a href="#cite_note-231">[227]</a> National Security Advisor <a href="/wiki/Jake_Sullivan" title="Jake Sullivan">Jake Sullivan</a> said that Biden "insists she be in every core decision-making meeting. She weighs in during those meetings, often providing unique perspectives."<a href="#cite_note-Rothkopf-228">[224]</a> Harris assumed a "key diplomatic role" in the Biden administration, particularly after the <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a> in February 2022, after which she was dispatched to Germany and Poland to rally support for arming Ukraine and imposing sanctions on Russia.<a href="#cite_note-Tomlinson-232">[228]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vice_President_Harris_met_with_Prime_Minister_Netanyahu_of_Israel_at_the_White_House_in_2024_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Vice_President_Harris_met_with_Prime_Minister_Netanyahu_of_Israel_at_the_White_House_in_2024_%282%29.jpg/220px-Vice_President_Harris_met_with_Prime_Minister_Netanyahu_of_Israel_at_the_White_House_in_2024_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Vice_President_Harris_met_with_Prime_Minister_Netanyahu_of_Israel_at_the_White_House_in_2024_%282%29.jpg/330px-Vice_President_Harris_met_with_Prime_Minister_Netanyahu_of_Israel_at_the_White_House_in_2024_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Vice_President_Harris_met_with_Prime_Minister_Netanyahu_of_Israel_at_the_White_House_in_2024_%282%29.jpg/440px-Vice_President_Harris_met_with_Prime_Minister_Netanyahu_of_Israel_at_the_White_House_in_2024_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1365" /></a><figcaption>Harris meeting with Israeli Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu">Benjamin Netanyahu</a> at the White House on July 25, 2024</figcaption></figure> In April 2023, Harris visited <a href="/wiki/Goddard_Space_Flight_Center" title="Goddard Space Flight Center">Goddard Space Flight Center</a> in Maryland with South Korean president <a href="/wiki/Yoon_Suk_Yeol" title="Yoon Suk Yeol">Yoon Suk Yeol</a> and agreed to work to strengthen the space alliance between the U.S. and South Korea. "We renew our commitment to strengthen our cooperation in the next frontier of our expanding alliance, and of course that is space," Harris said at a joint news conference with Yoon.<a href="#cite_note-233">[229]</a> In November 2023, Harris pledged that the Biden administration would place no conditions on <a href="/wiki/United_States_support_for_Israel_in_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="United States support for Israel in the Israel–Hamas war">U.S. aid to Israel</a> in its war with <a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a> in <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza</a>.<a href="#cite_note-234">[230]</a> In March 2024, she criticized Israel's actions during the <a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Israel–Hamas war">Israel–Hamas war</a>, saying, "Given the immense scale of suffering in Gaza, there must be an immediate ceasefire for at least the next six weeks...This will get the hostages out and get a significant amount of aid in."<a href="#cite_note-235">[231]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="2024_presidential_campaign">2024 presidential campaign</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris_2024_presidential_campaign" title="Kamala Harris 2024 presidential campaign">Kamala Harris 2024 presidential campaign</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kamala_Harris_%26_Tim_Walz_-_53915639353.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Kamala_Harris_%26_Tim_Walz_-_53915639353.jpg/220px-Kamala_Harris_%26_Tim_Walz_-_53915639353.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Kamala_Harris_%26_Tim_Walz_-_53915639353.jpg/330px-Kamala_Harris_%26_Tim_Walz_-_53915639353.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Kamala_Harris_%26_Tim_Walz_-_53915639353.jpg/440px-Kamala_Harris_%26_Tim_Walz_-_53915639353.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6720" data-file-height="4480" /></a><figcaption>Harris and <a href="/wiki/Tim_Walz" title="Tim Walz">Tim Walz</a> at a <a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris_2024_presidential_campaign" title="Kamala Harris 2024 presidential campaign">presidential campaign</a> rally at <a href="/wiki/Desert_Diamond_Arena" title="Desert Diamond Arena">Desert Diamond Arena</a> in <a href="/wiki/Glendale,_Arizona" title="Glendale, Arizona">Glendale, Arizona</a>, August 2024</figcaption></figure> In April 2023, incumbent president Joe Biden announced <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden_2024_presidential_campaign" title="Joe Biden 2024 presidential campaign">his reelection campaign</a>, with Harris as his running mate. After the <a href="/wiki/2024_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2024 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Democratic primaries</a>, the pair became the party's presumptive nominees in the <a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="2024 United States presidential election">2024 presidential election</a>. <a href="/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Joe_Biden" title="Age and health concerns about Joe Biden">Concerns about Biden's age and health</a> persisted throughout Biden's first term, with renewed scrutiny after his performance in the <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden%E2%80%93Donald_Trump_2024_presidential_debate" class="mw-redirect" title="Joe Biden–Donald Trump 2024 presidential debate">first presidential debate</a>, on June 27. On July 21, 2024, Biden <a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_of_Joe_Biden_from_the_2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="Withdrawal of Joe Biden from the 2024 United States presidential election">suspended</a> his reelection campaign and endorsed Harris for president.<a href="#cite_note-236">[232]</a> Harris was also endorsed by <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack</a> and <a href="/wiki/Michelle_Obama" title="Michelle Obama">Michelle Obama</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Congressional_Black_Caucus" title="Congressional Black Caucus">Congressional Black Caucus</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Kamala_Harris_2024_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Kamala Harris 2024 presidential campaign endorsements">many others</a>.<a href="#cite_note-237">[233]</a><a href="#cite_note-238">[234]</a><a href="#cite_note-239">[235]</a><a href="#cite_note-240">[236]</a> In the first 24 hours of her candidacy, her campaign raised $81 million in small-dollar donations, the highest single-day total of any presidential candidate in history.<a href="#cite_note-241">[237]</a> Had she won, Harris would have been the first female and first Asian-American president of the United States, and the second African-American president after Obama.<a href="#cite_note-242">[238]</a> By August 5, Harris had officially secured the nomination via a virtual roll call of delegates.<a href="#cite_note-KHnom-243">[239]</a><a href="#cite_note-244">[240]</a><a href="#cite_note-HarrisClinches2020-245">[241]</a> The next day, she announced Minnesota governor <a href="/wiki/Tim_Walz" title="Tim Walz">Tim Walz</a> as <a href="/wiki/2024_Democratic_Party_vice_presidential_candidate_selection" title="2024 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection">her vice-presidential running mate</a>.<a href="#cite_note-246">[242]</a> On August 22, the fourth day of the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_National_Convention" title="Democratic National Convention">Democratic National Convention</a>, Harris officially accepted the Democratic nomination for president.<a href="#cite_note-247">[243]</a> She participated in a debate with Trump on September 10; it was widely reported that Harris won the debate.<a href="#cite_note-248">[244]</a><a href="#cite_note-249">[245]</a><a href="#cite_note-250">[246]</a><a href="#cite_note-251">[247]</a> On October 30, she delivered a half-hour speech at <a href="/wiki/The_Ellipse" title="The Ellipse">the Ellipse</a> in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C</a>, intended as a "closing argument" for her campaign.<a href="#cite_note-252">[248]</a><a href="#cite_note-253">[249]</a> Harris lost the <a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="2024 United States presidential election">2024 United States presidential election</a> to Trump,<a href="#cite_note-254">[250]</a> conceding the next day in a speech delivered at her alma mater, Howard University.<a href="#cite_note-255">[251]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_positions">Political positions</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Kamala_Harris" title="Political positions of Kamala Harris">Political positions of Kamala Harris</a></div> Harris's domestic platform supports national <a href="/wiki/Abortion-rights_movement_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Abortion-rights movement in the United States">abortion protections</a>, <a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_the_United_States" title="LGBTQ rights in the United States">LGBTQ+ rights</a>, stricter <a href="/wiki/Gun_politics_in_the_United_States" title="Gun politics in the United States">gun control</a>, and limited legislation to address <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">climate change</a>.<a href="#cite_note-256">[252]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYT-257">[253]</a><a href="#cite_note-SenateStances-96">[93]</a> On immigration, she supports an earned <a href="/wiki/Pathway_to_citizenship" class="mw-redirect" title="Pathway to citizenship">pathway to citizenship</a> and increases in border security, as well as addressing the root causes of illegal immigration by means of the RCS program.<a href="#cite_note-b533-258">[254]</a><a href="#cite_note-259">[255]</a> On foreign policy, Harris supports continued military aid to <a href="/wiki/Russian_Invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Invasion of Ukraine">Ukraine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Israel–Hamas war">Israel</a> in their respective wars, but insists that Israel should agree to <a href="/wiki/Three-phase_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war_ceasefire_proposal" title="Three-phase Israel–Hamas war ceasefire proposal">a ceasefire and hostage deal</a> and work toward a <a href="/wiki/Two-state_solution" title="Two-state solution">two-state solution</a>.<a href="#cite_note-260">[256]</a> She opposes an <a href="/wiki/Arms_embargo_on_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Arms embargo on Israel">arms embargo on Israel</a>.<a href="#cite_note-261">[257]</a> Harris has departed from Biden on economic issues, proposing what has been called a "populist" economic agenda.<a href="#cite_note-politicoAug16-262">[258]</a><a href="#cite_note-wapoaug16-263">[259]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Family_of_Kamala_Harris" title="Family of Kamala Harris">Family of Kamala Harris</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vice_President_Kamala_Harris_and_Second_Gentleman_Doug_Emhoff_walk_the_West_Colonnade_of_the_White_House_on_May_9,_2024_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Vice_President_Kamala_Harris_and_Second_Gentleman_Doug_Emhoff_walk_the_West_Colonnade_of_the_White_House_on_May_9%2C_2024_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Vice_President_Kamala_Harris_and_Second_Gentleman_Doug_Emhoff_walk_the_West_Colonnade_of_the_White_House_on_May_9%2C_2024_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="292" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Vice_President_Kamala_Harris_and_Second_Gentleman_Doug_Emhoff_walk_the_West_Colonnade_of_the_White_House_on_May_9%2C_2024_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Vice_President_Kamala_Harris_and_Second_Gentleman_Doug_Emhoff_walk_the_West_Colonnade_of_the_White_House_on_May_9%2C_2024_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Vice_President_Kamala_Harris_and_Second_Gentleman_Doug_Emhoff_walk_the_West_Colonnade_of_the_White_House_on_May_9%2C_2024_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Vice_President_Kamala_Harris_and_Second_Gentleman_Doug_Emhoff_walk_the_West_Colonnade_of_the_White_House_on_May_9%2C_2024_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1307" data-file-height="1737" /></a><figcaption>Vice President Harris and her husband, <a href="/wiki/Second_ladies_and_gentlemen_of_the_United_States" title="Second ladies and gentlemen of the United States">Second Gentleman</a> Doug Emhoff at the White House, May 2024</figcaption></figure> In the 1990s, Harris dated <a href="/wiki/Willie_Brown_(politician)" title="Willie Brown (politician)">Willie Brown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_California_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="Speaker of the California Assembly">Speaker of the California Assembly</a> (1980–1995) and then <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_San_Francisco" title="Mayor of San Francisco">Mayor of San Francisco</a> (1996–2004).<a href="#cite_note-latimes-brown-harris-30">[27]</a> In 2001, she briefly dated talk show host <a href="/wiki/Montel_Williams" title="Montel Williams">Montel Williams</a>.<a href="#cite_note-264">[260]</a> Harris met her husband, attorney <a href="/wiki/Doug_Emhoff" title="Doug Emhoff">Doug Emhoff</a>, through a mutual friend who set them up on a blind date in 2013.<a href="#cite_note-Wright-265">[261]</a> Emhoff, who was born in a Jewish family, was an entertainment lawyer who became partner-in-charge at <a href="/wiki/Venable_LLP" title="Venable LLP">Venable LLP</a>'s Los Angeles office.<a href="#cite_note-266">[262]</a><a href="#cite_note-Wright-265">[261]</a><a href="#cite_note-267">[263]</a> Harris and Emhoff married on August 22, 2014, in <a href="/wiki/Santa_Barbara,_California" title="Santa Barbara, California">Santa Barbara, California</a>.<a href="#cite_note-268">[264]</a> Harris is stepmother to Emhoff's two children, Cole and <a href="/wiki/Ella_Emhoff" title="Ella Emhoff">Ella</a>, from his previous marriage to the film producer <a href="/wiki/Kerstin_Emhoff" title="Kerstin Emhoff">Kerstin Emhoff</a>.<a href="#cite_note-269">[265]</a> As of August 2024<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kamala_Harris&action=edit">[update]</a>, Harris and her husband had an estimated net worth of $8 million.<a href="#cite_note-270">[266]</a><a href="#cite_note-271">[267]</a> Harris is a <a href="/wiki/Baptist" class="mw-redirect" title="Baptist">Baptist</a>, holding membership of the <a href="/wiki/Third_Baptist_Church_(San_Francisco,_California)" title="Third Baptist Church (San Francisco, California)">Third Baptist Church of San Francisco</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Church_(congregation)" title="Church (congregation)">congregation</a> of the <a href="/wiki/American_Baptist_Churches_USA" title="American Baptist Churches USA">American Baptist Churches USA</a>.<a href="#cite_note-272">[268]</a><a href="#cite_note-273">[269]</a><a href="#cite_note-274">[270]</a><a href="#cite_note-275">[271]</a> She is a member of <a href="/wiki/The_Links" title="The Links">The Links</a>, an invitation-only social and service organization of prominent Black American women.<a href="#cite_note-276">[272]</a><a href="#cite_note-277">[273]</a> Harris is a gun owner.<a href="#cite_note-278">[274]</a> Harris's sister, <a href="/wiki/Maya_Harris" title="Maya Harris">Maya</a>, is a lawyer and <a href="/wiki/MSNBC" title="MSNBC">MSNBC</a> political analyst; her brother-in-law, <a href="/wiki/Tony_West_(attorney)" title="Tony West (attorney)">Tony West</a>, is <a href="/wiki/General_counsel" title="General counsel">general counsel</a> of <a href="/wiki/Uber" title="Uber">Uber</a> and a former <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">United States Department of Justice</a> senior official.<a href="#cite_note-279">[275]</a> Her niece, <a href="/wiki/Meena_Harris" title="Meena Harris">Meena</a>, is the founder of the Phenomenal Women Action Campaign and former head of strategy and leadership at Uber.<a href="#cite_note-280">[276]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Public_image">Public image</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Public_image_of_Kamala_Harris" title="Public image of Kamala Harris">Public image of Kamala Harris</a></div>Though the public had an unfavorable view of Harris as vice president, setting a record low,<a href="#cite_note-:1-281">[277]</a> her public image improved after Biden withdrew his candidacy for reelection. Notably, her approval rating rose 13% among Democrats.<a href="#cite_note-282">[278]</a><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><video id="mwe_player_2" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/You_think_you_just_fell_out_of_a_coconut_tree%3F.webm/220px--You_think_you_just_fell_out_of_a_coconut_tree%3F.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="23" data-mwtitle="You_think_you_just_fell_out_of_a_coconut_tree?.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:You_think_you_just_fell_out_of_a_coconut_tree%3F.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/65/You_think_you_just_fell_out_of_a_coconut_tree%3F.webm/You_think_you_just_fell_out_of_a_coconut_tree%3F.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/65/You_think_you_just_fell_out_of_a_coconut_tree%3F.webm/You_think_you_just_fell_out_of_a_coconut_tree%3F.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/You_think_you_just_fell_out_of_a_coconut_tree%3F.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="av1, opus"" data-width="1312" data-height="738" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/65/You_think_you_just_fell_out_of_a_coconut_tree%3F.webm/You_think_you_just_fell_out_of_a_coconut_tree%3F.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/65/You_think_you_just_fell_out_of_a_coconut_tree%3F.webm/You_think_you_just_fell_out_of_a_coconut_tree%3F.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/65/You_think_you_just_fell_out_of_a_coconut_tree%3F.webm/You_think_you_just_fell_out_of_a_coconut_tree%3F.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AYou_think_you_just_fell_out_of_a_coconut_tree%3F.webm&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></video><figcaption>Harris quips, "<a href="/wiki/You_think_you_just_fell_out_of_a_coconut_tree%3F" title="You think you just fell out of a coconut tree?">You think you just fell out of a coconut tree?</a>" during a speech on May 10, 2023.</figcaption></figure> Harris's term as vice president has seen high staff turnover—including the departures of her chief of staff, deputy chief of staff, press secretary, deputy press secretary, communications director, and chief speechwriter<a href="#cite_note-283">[279]</a>—which critics allege reflects dysfunction and demoralization.<a href="#cite_note-Tomlinson-232">[228]</a> Axios reported that at least some of the turnover was due to exhaustion from a demanding transition into the new administration, as well as financial and personal considerations.<a href="#cite_note-284">[280]</a> For most of her tenure, Harris had one of the lowest approval ratings of any vice president.<a href="#cite_note-285">[281]</a><a href="#cite_note-286">[282]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-281">[277]</a> According to a <a href="/wiki/RealClearPolitics" title="RealClearPolitics">RealClear Politics</a> polling average, a record low of 34.8% of Americans had a favorable view of her in August 2022, but this number rose rapidly after she became the presumptive Democratic presidential nominee in July 2024. Harris had a net favorable rating by September 9.<a href="#cite_note-287">[283]</a> In 2024, a video clip from 2023 <a href="/wiki/Went_viral" class="mw-redirect" title="Went viral">went viral</a> of Harris saying "<a href="/wiki/You_think_you_just_fell_out_of_a_coconut_tree%3F" title="You think you just fell out of a coconut tree?">You think you just fell out of a coconut tree?</a> You exist in the context of all in which you live and what came before you" at a White House event.<a href="#cite_note-288">[284]</a> Since the launch of her 2024 presidential campaign, that and other Harris remarks have been widely shared as memes, resulting in press coverage of her public image.<a href="#cite_note-289">[285]</a><a href="#cite_note-290">[286]</a> Harris's often boisterous laughter<a href="#cite_note-294">[e]</a> has been called one of her "most defining and most dissected personal traits".<a href="#cite_note-295">[290]</a> She says she got her laugh from her mother.<a href="#cite_note-296">[291]</a> During the 2024 campaign, Harris's statements about tax-funded <a href="/wiki/Gender-affirming_surgery" title="Gender-affirming surgery">gender-affirming surgery</a> for <a href="/wiki/Transgender" title="Transgender">transgender</a> people in prison were attacked by Trump, who spent millions on a political advertisement that said, "<a href="/wiki/Kamala_is_for_they/them" title="Kamala is for they/them">Kamala is for they/them</a>, President Trump is for you." Trump's campaign spent more money on the advertisement than any other in the campaign.<a href="#cite_note-f556-297">[292]</a><a href="#cite_note-y655-298">[293]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publications">Publications</h2></div> Harris has written two nonfiction books and one children's book. <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHarrisO'C._Hamilton2009" class="citation book cs1">Harris, Kamala; O'C. Hamilton, Joan (2009). <a href="/wiki/Smart_on_Crime:_A_Career_Prosecutor%27s_Plan_to_Make_Us_Safer" class="mw-redirect" title="Smart on Crime: A Career Prosecutor's Plan to Make Us Safer">Smart on Crime: A Career Prosecutor's Plan to Make Us Safer</a>. San Francisco: Chronicle Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8118-6528-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8118-6528-9"><bdi>978-0-8118-6528-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Smart+on+Crime%3A+A+Career+Prosecutor%27s+Plan+to+Make+Us+Safer&rft.place=San+Francisco&rft.pub=Chronicle+Books&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-8118-6528-9&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=Kamala&rft.au=O%27C.+Hamilton%2C+Joan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKamala+Harris" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarris2019" class="citation book cs1">Harris, Kamala (January 8, 2019). <a href="/wiki/The_Truths_We_Hold" title="The Truths We Hold">The Truths We Hold: An American Journey</a>. London: Penguin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-9848-8622-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-9848-8622-4"><bdi>978-1-9848-8622-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Truths+We+Hold%3A+An+American+Journey&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=2019-01-08&rft.isbn=978-1-9848-8622-4&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=Kamala&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKamala+Harris" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarris2019" class="citation book cs1">Harris, Kamala (January 8, 2019). <a href="/wiki/Superheroes_Are_Everywhere" title="Superheroes Are Everywhere">Superheroes Are Everywhere</a>. London: Penguin Young Readers Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-9848-3749-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-9848-3749-3"><bdi>978-1-9848-3749-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Superheroes+Are+Everywhere&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Penguin+Young+Readers+Group&rft.date=2019-01-08&rft.isbn=978-1-9848-3749-3&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=Kamala&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKamala+Harris" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_women_in_American_politics" title="Black women in American politics">Black women in American politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_United_States_Cabinet_members" title="List of African-American United States Cabinet members">List of African-American United States Cabinet members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_United_States_Senate_candidates" title="List of African-American United States Senate candidates">List of African-American United States Senate candidates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_United_States_senators" title="List of African-American United States senators">List of African-American United States senators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_female_state_attorneys_general_in_the_United_States" title="List of female state attorneys general in the United States">List of female state attorneys general in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_female_United_States_Cabinet_members" title="List of female United States Cabinet members">List of female United States Cabinet members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_female_United_States_presidential_and_vice_presidential_candidates" title="List of female United States presidential and vice presidential candidates">List of female United States presidential and vice presidential candidates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_politicians_of_Indian_descent#United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="List of politicians of Indian descent">List of United States politicians of Indian descent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_California" title="List of United States senators from California">List of United States senators from California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_United_States_Senate" title="Women in the United States Senate">Women in the United States Senate</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-fn1-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fn1_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-fn1_1-1">b</a> Harris was originally named Kamala Iyer Harris by her parents, who two weeks later filed an <a href="/wiki/Affidavit" title="Affidavit">affidavit</a> by which her middle name was changed to Devi.<a href="#cite_note-4">[2]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> Pronounced <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈkɑːmələ ˈdeɪvi/</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/f\/f1\/Kamala-Devi-Harris-pronunciation.ogg\/Kamala-Devi-Harris-pronunciation.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Kamala-Devi-Harris-pronunciation.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f1/Kamala-Devi-Harris-pronunciation.ogg/Kamala-Devi-Harris-pronunciation.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Kamala-Devi-Harris-pronunciation.ogg" title="File:Kamala-Devi-Harris-pronunciation.ogg">ⓘ</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">KAH-mə-lə DAY-vee</a><a href="#cite_note-Kamala-2">[1]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> The schools were <a href="/wiki/University_of_Illinois,_Urbana-Champaign" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign">University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign</a>; <a href="/wiki/Northwestern_University" title="Northwestern University">Northwestern University</a>, Evanston; and <a href="/wiki/University_of_Wisconsin,_Madison" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Wisconsin, Madison">University of Wisconsin, Madison</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-194"><a href="#cite_ref-194">^</a> The other two are President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Charles_Curtis" title="Charles Curtis">Charles Curtis</a>, a Native American and member of the <a href="/wiki/Kaw_Nation" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaw Nation">Kaw Nation</a>, who was vice president under <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Hoover" title="Herbert Hoover">Herbert Hoover</a> from 1929 to 1933.<a href="#cite_note-193">[190]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-294"><a href="#cite_ref-294">^</a> In terms of its type, it is often described as a cackle or guffaw.<a href="#cite_note-291">[287]</a><a href="#cite_note-292">[288]</a><a href="#cite_note-293">[289]</a> An example of it can be seen in the "coconut tree" video exhibited on the right of this section. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Kamala-2"><a href="#cite_ref-Kamala_2-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKamala_Harris2016" class="citation web cs1"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kamala Harris [@KamalaHarris]</a> (May 24, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/KamalaHarris/status/735197253153914881">"People pronounce my name many different ways. Let #KidsForKamala show you how it's done"</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)" title="Tweet (social media)">Tweet</a>) – via <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=People+pronounce+my+name+many+different+ways.+Let+%23KidsForKamala+show+you+how+it%27s+done.&rft.date=2016-05-24&rft.au=Kamala+Harris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fx.com%2FKamalaHarris%2Fstatus%2F735197253153914881&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKamala+Harris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDebolt2020" class="citation news cs1">Debolt, David (August 18, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mercurynews.com/2020/08/18/heres-kamala-harris-birth-certificate-end-of-debate/">"Here's Kamala Harris' birth certificate. Scholars say there's no VP eligibility debate"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Mercury_News" title="The Mercury News">The Mercury News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210217084253/https://www.mercurynews.com/2020/08/18/heres-kamala-harris-birth-certificate-end-of-debate/">Archived</a> from the original on February 17, 2021. Retrieved November 27, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Mercury+News&rft.atitle=Here%27s+Kamala+Harris%27+birth+certificate.+Scholars+say+there%27s+no+VP+eligibility+debate&rft.date=2020-08-18&rft.aulast=Debolt&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mercurynews.com%2F2020%2F08%2F18%2Fheres-kamala-harris-birth-certificate-end-of-debate%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKamala+Harris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKimStanton2020" class="citation web cs1">Kim, Catherin; Stanton, Zack (August 11, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2020/08/11/kamala-harris-vp-background-bio-biden-running-mate-2020-393885">"55 Things You Need to Know About Kamala Harris"</a>. Politico. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200822230300/https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2020/08/11/kamala-harris-vp-background-bio-biden-running-mate-2020-393885">Archived</a> from the original on August 22, 2020. Retrieved August 23, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=55+Things+You+Need+to+Know+About+Kamala+Harris&rft.date=2020-08-11&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=Catherin&rft.au=Stanton%2C+Zack&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fnews%2Fmagazine%2F2020%2F08%2F11%2Fkamala-harris-vp-background-bio-biden-running-mate-2020-393885&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKamala+Harris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-6"><a href="#cite_ref-:0_6-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States_CongressH001075" class="citation web cs1">United States Congress. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=H001075">"Kamala Harris (id: H001075)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Biographical Directory of the United States Congress">Biographical Directory of the United States Congress</a>. Retrieved May 20, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Biographical+Directory+of+the+United+States+Congress&rft.atitle=Kamala+Harris+%28id%3A+H001075%29&rft.au=United+States+Congress&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbioguide.congress.gov%2Fscripts%2Fbiodisplay.pl%3Findex%3DH001075&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKamala+Harris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-bcaction-7"><a href="#cite_ref-bcaction_7-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bcaction.org/2009/06/21/in-memoriam-dr-shyamala-g-harris/">"In Memoriam: Dr. Shyamala G. Harris"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Breast_Cancer_Action" title="Breast Cancer Action">Breast Cancer Action</a>. June 21, 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190123121324/https://bcaction.org/2009/06/21/in-memoriam-dr-shyamala-g-harris/">Archived</a> from the original on January 23, 2019. Retrieved January 23, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Breast+Cancer+Action&rft.atitle=In+Memoriam%3A+Dr.+Shyamala+G.+Harris&rft.date=2009-06-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbcaction.org%2F2009%2F06%2F21%2Fin-memoriam-dr-shyamala-g-harris%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKamala+Harris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarris2019" class="citation book cs1">Harris, Kamala (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vUFkDwAAQBAJ">The Truths We Hold: An American Journey</a>. Penguin Publishing Group. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vUFkDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA320">320</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vUFkDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA330">330</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-525-56072-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-525-56072-2"><bdi>978-0-525-56072-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240303000912/https://books.google.com/books?id=vUFkDwAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on March 3, 2024. Retrieved April 17, 2023. <q>my paternal grandfather, Oscar Joseph ... my paternal grandmother, Beryl</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Truths+We+Hold%3A+An+American+Journey&rft.pages=320%2C+330&rft.pub=Penguin+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-0-525-56072-2&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=Kamala&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvUFkDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKamala+Harris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarry2020" class="citation news cs1">Barry, Ellen (November 7, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/article/kamala-harris-dad-don-harris.html">"Kamala Harris's Father, a Footnote in Her Speeches, Is a Prominent Economist"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240722141019/https://www.nytimes.com/article/kamala-harris-dad-don-harris.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 22, 2024. Retrieved July 22, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Kamala+Harris%27s+Father%2C+a+Footnote+in+Her+Speeches%2C+Is+a+Prominent+Economist&rft.date=2020-11-07&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Barry&rft.aufirst=Ellen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Farticle%2Fkamala-harris-dad-don-harris.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKamala+Harris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT_S1320-10">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_S1320_10-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_S1320_10-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarry2020" class="citation news cs1">Barry, Ellen (September 13, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/13/us/kamala-harris-parents.html">"How Kamala Harris's Immigrant Parents Found a Home, and Each Other, in a Black Study Group"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240827000000/https://web.archive.org/web/20240827041642/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/13/us/kamala-harris-parents.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 27, 2024. Retrieved August 31, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=How+Kamala+Harris%27s+Immigrant+Parents+Found+a+Home%2C+and+Each+Other%2C+in+a+Black+Study+Group&rft.date=2020-09-13&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Barry&rft.aufirst=Ellen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2020%2F09%2F13%2Fus%2Fkamala-harris-parents.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKamala+Harris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BerkeleysideHouse-11">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BerkeleysideHouse_11-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BerkeleysideHouse_11-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BerkeleysideHouse_11-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDinkelspiel2021" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Frances_Dinkelspiel" title="Frances Dinkelspiel">Dinkelspiel, Frances</a> (March 8, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.berkeleyside.org/2021/03/08/no-changes-needed-in-berkeley-to-landmark-the-childhood-home-of-kamala-harris">"Update: Change in Berkeley law not needed to landmark the childhood home of Kamala Harris"</a>. Berkeleyside. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220819233234/https://www.berkeleyside.org/2021/03/08/no-changes-needed-in-berkeley-to-landmark-the-childhood-home-of-kamala-harris">Archived</a> from the original on August 19, 2022. Retrieved August 19, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Berkeleyside&rft.atitle=Update%3A+Change+in+Berkeley+law+not+needed+to+landmark+the+childhood+home+of+Kamala+Harris&rft.date=2021-03-08&rft.aulast=Dinkelspiel&rft.aufirst=Frances&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.berkeleyside.org%2F2021%2F03%2F08%2Fno-changes-needed-in-berkeley-to-landmark-the-childhood-home-of-kamala-harris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKamala+Harris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKacich2019" class="citation news cs1">Kacich, Tom (August 2, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.news-gazette.com/news/toms-mailbag-aug-2-2019/article_2e901c56-67e8-54d6-a2b4-aa2f087d225f.html">"Tom's #Mailbag, Aug. 2, 2019"</a>. The News-Gazette. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220825213212/https://www.news-gazette.com/news/toms-mailbag-aug-2-2019/article_2e901c56-67e8-54d6-a2b4-aa2f087d225f.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 25, 2022. Retrieved August 19, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+News-Gazette&rft.atitle=Tom%27s+%23Mailbag%2C+Aug.+2%2C+2019&rft.date=2019-08-02&rft.aulast=Kacich&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.news-gazette.com%2Fnews%2Ftoms-mailbag-aug-2-2019%2Farticle_2e901c56-67e8-54d6-a2b4-aa2f087d225f.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKamala+Harris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-makes_her_case-14">^ <a href="#cite_ref-makes_her_case_14-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-makes_her_case_14-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoodyear2019" class="citation magazine cs1">Goodyear, Dana (July 15, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2019/07/22/kamala-harris-makes-her-case">"Kamala Harris Makes Her Case"</a>. The New Yorker. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211118140540/https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2019/07/22/kamala-harris-makes-her-case">Archived</a> from the original on November 18, 2021. Retrieved August 19, 2022. <q>Growing up, Harris was surrounded by African-American intellectuals and activists. One of her mother's closest friends was Mary Lewis, who helped found the field of black studies, at San Francisco State.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Yorker&rft.atitle=Kamala+Harris+Makes+Her+Case&rft.date=2019-07-15&rft.aulast=Goodyear&rft.aufirst=Dana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Fmagazine%2F2019%2F07%2F22%2Fkamala-harris-makes-her-case&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKamala+Harris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHorwitz2012" class="citation news cs1">Horwitz, Sari (February 27, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/justice-dept-lawyer-tony-west-to-take-over-as-acting-associate-attorney-general/2012/02/24/gIQAqyBOeR_story.html">"Justice Dept. lawyer Tony West to take over as acting associate attorney general"</a>. The Washington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190708054021/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/justice-dept-lawyer-tony-west-to-take-over-as-acting-associate-attorney-general/2012/02/24/gIQAqyBOeR_story.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 8, 2019. Retrieved August 23, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Justice+Dept.+lawyer+Tony+West+to+take+over+as+acting+associate+attorney+general&rft.date=2012-02-27&rft.aulast=Horwitz&rft.aufirst=Sari&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fpolitics%2Fjustice-dept-lawyer-tony-west-to-take-over-as-acting-associate-attorney-general%2F2012%2F02%2F24%2FgIQAqyBOeR_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKamala+Harris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartinez2010" class="citation news cs1">Martinez, Michael (October 23, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2010/POLITICS/10/22/california.kamala.harris.profile/">"A 'Female Obama' seeks California attorney general post"</a>. CNN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161116111208/https://edition.cnn.com/2010/POLITICS/10/22/california.kamala.harris.profile/">Archived</a> from the original on November 16, 2016. Retrieved January 22, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=A+%27Female+Obama%27+seeks+California+attorney+general+post&rft.date=2010-10-23&rft.aulast=Martinez&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2010%2FPOLITICS%2F10%2F22%2Fcalifornia.kamala.harris.profile%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKamala+Harris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-USATodayTimeline-17"><a href="#cite_ref-USATodayTimeline_17-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRussell" class="citation web cs1">Russell, George Fabe. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/elections/2024/08/23/where-did-kamala-harris-grow-up/74921659007/">"Where did Kamala Harris grow up? A timeline"</a>. USA Today. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240826211303/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/elections/2024/08/23/where-did-kamala-harris-grow-up/74921659007/">Archived</a> from the original on August 26, 2024. Retrieved August 27, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=Where+did+Kamala+Harris+grow+up%3F+A+timeline&rft.aulast=Russell&rft.aufirst=George+Fabe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Felections%2F2024%2F08%2F23%2Fwhere-did-kamala-harris-grow-up%2F74921659007%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKamala+Harris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhiting2009" class="citation news cs1">Whiting, Sam (May 14, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sfgate.com/entertainment/article/Kamala-Harris-grew-up-idolizing-lawyers-3232851.php">"Kamala Harris grew up idolizing lawyers"</a>. San Francisco Chronicle. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200301010320/https://www.sfgate.com/entertainment/article/Kamala-Harris-grew-up-idolizing-lawyers-3232851.php">Archived</a> from the original on March 1, 2020. Retrieved January 11, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=San+Francisco+Chronicle&rft.atitle=Kamala+Harris+grew+up+idolizing+lawyers&rft.date=2009-05-14&rft.aulast=Whiting&rft.aufirst=Sam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfgate.com%2Fentertainment%2Farticle%2FKamala-Harris-grew-up-idolizing-lawyers-3232851.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKamala+Harris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-JGH_News_-_November_2020-19"><a href="#cite_ref-JGH_News_-_November_2020_19-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jghnews.ciussswestcentral.ca/when-your-best-friend-from-high-school-winds-up-in-the-white-house/">"When your best friend from high school winds up in the White House"</a>. JGH News. November 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240428005842/https://jghnews.ciussswestcentral.ca/when-your-best-friend-from-high-school-winds-up-in-the-white-house/">Archived</a> from the original on April 28, 2024. Retrieved April 28, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=JGH+News&rft.atitle=When+your+best+friend+from+high+school+winds+up+in+the+White+House&rft.date=2020-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjghnews.ciussswestcentral.ca%2Fwhen-your-best-friend-from-high-school-winds-up-in-the-white-house%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKamala+Harris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dale_2018-20"><a href="#cite_ref-Dale_2018_20-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDale2018" class="citation news cs1">Dale, Daniel (December 29, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com/news/world/2018/12/29/kamala-harriss-classmates-from-her-canadian-high-school-cheer-her-campaign-for-us-president.html">"U.S. Sen. Kamala Harris' classmates from her Canadian high school cheer her potential run for president"</a>. Toronto Star. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190914123459/https://www.thestar.com/news/world/2018/12/29/kamala-harriss-classmates-from-her-canadian-high-school-cheer-her-campaign-for-us-president.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 14, 2019. Retrieved July 1, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toronto+Star&rft.atitle=U.S.+Sen.+Kamala+Harris%27+classmates+from+her+Canadian+high+school+cheer+her+potential+run+for+president&rft.date=2018-12-29&rft.aulast=Dale&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com%2Fnews%2Fworld%2F2018%2F12%2F29%2Fkamala-harriss-classmates-from-her-canadian-high-school-cheer-her-campaign-for-us-president.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKamala+Harris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCohen2021" class="citation web cs1">Cohen, Mike (January 20, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thesuburban.com/columnists/mike_cohen_cohen_chatter/kamala-harris-now-remembered-for-her-vanier-roots/article_7f344a74-971f-569b-8566-c4c68e8f1c51.html">"Kamala Harris now remembered for her Vanier roots"</a>. The Suburban Newspaper. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210304040451/https://www.thesuburban.com/columnists/mike_cohen_cohen_chatter/kamala-harris-now-remembered-for-her-vanier-roots/article_7f344a74-971f-569b-8566-c4c68e8f1c51.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 4, 2021. 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Retrieved January 13, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Kamala+Harris+launches+U.S.+Senate+bid%2C+begins+raising+money&rft.date=2015-01-13&rft.aulast=Mehta&rft.aufirst=Seema&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Flocal%2Fpolitical%2Fla-me-pc-harris-launches-us-senate-bid-begins-raising-money-20150113-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKamala+Harris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kane-84">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kane_84-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kane_84-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKane2016" class="citation web cs1">Kane, Will (November 7, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2016/11/2016-california-senate-harris-sanchez-jungle-open-primary-reform-214429">"Why Is the Most Groundbreaking Senate Race Ever So Uninspiring?"</a>. 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Retrieved November 19, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Politico+Magazine&rft.atitle=Why+Is+the+Most+Groundbreaking+Senate+Race+Ever+So+Uninspiring%3F&rft.date=2016-11-07&rft.aulast=Kane&rft.aufirst=Will&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fmagazine%2Fstory%2F2016%2F11%2F2016-california-senate-harris-sanchez-jungle-open-primary-reform-214429&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKamala+Harris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCadelago2016" class="citation news cs1">Cadelago, Christopher (February 27, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sacbee.com/news/politics-government/capitol-alert/article62985987.html">"Kamala Harris receives California Democratic Party endorsement"</a>. 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Jerry Brown backs Kamala Harris for U.S. Senate"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190405165645/https://www.latimes.com/local/politics/la-pol-sac-essential-politics-jerry-brown-kamala-harris-endorsement-htmlstory.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 5, 2019. Retrieved August 19, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=California+Gov.+Jerry+Brown+backs+Kamala+Harris+for+U.S.+Senate&rft.date=2016-05-23&rft.aulast=Willon&rft.aufirst=Phil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Flocal%2Fpolitics%2Fla-pol-sac-essential-politics-jerry-brown-kamala-harris-endorsement-htmlstory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKamala+Harris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://elections.cdn.sos.ca.gov/sov/2016-primary/75-us-senate-formatted.pdf">"United States Senator (primary results)"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/California_Secretary_of_State" class="mw-redirect" title="California Secretary of State">California Secretary of State</a>. 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Retrieved August 19, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Two+Democrats+will+face+off+for+California%27s+U.S.+Senate+seat%2C+marking+first+time+a+Republican+will+not+be+in+contention&rft.date=2016-06-08&rft.aulast=Myers&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fpolitics%2Fla-pol-ca-senate-primary-election-20160607-snap-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKamala+Harris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWillon2016" class="citation web cs1">Willon, Phil (July 19, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/politics/essential/la-pol-sac-essential-politics-updates-obama-biden-endorse-kamala-harris-for-1468889660-htmlstory.html">"Obama, Biden endorse Kamala Harris for U.S. Senate"</a>. Los Angeles Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160719145452/https://www.latimes.com/politics/essential/la-pol-sac-essential-politics-updates-obama-biden-endorse-kamala-harris-for-1468889660-htmlstory.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 19, 2016. Retrieved July 19, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Obama%2C+Biden+endorse+Kamala+Harris+for+U.S.+Senate&rft.date=2016-07-19&rft.aulast=Willon&rft.aufirst=Phil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fpolitics%2Fessential%2Fla-pol-sac-essential-politics-updates-obama-biden-endorse-kamala-harris-for-1468889660-htmlstory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKamala+Harris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://graphics.latimes.com/la-na-pol-2016-election-results-california/">"Live California election results"</a>. Los Angeles Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161109220737/https://graphics.latimes.com/la-na-pol-2016-election-results-california/">Archived</a> from the original on November 9, 2016. 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Los Angeles Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200803235607/https://www.latimes.com/politics/la-pol-ca-senate-kamala-harris-trump-20161110-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 3, 2020. Retrieved August 19, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Newly+elected+Kamala+Harris+vows+to+defy+Trump+on+immigration&rft.date=2016-11-10&rft.aulast=Willon&rft.aufirst=Phil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fpolitics%2Fla-pol-ca-senate-kamala-harris-trump-20161110-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKamala+Harris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWillon2016" class="citation news cs1">Willon, Phil (December 1, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/politics/essential/la-pol-ca-essential-politics-updates-kamala-harris-plans-to-keep-her-day-job-1478832067-htmlstory.html">"Essential Politics November archives"</a>. Los Angeles Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0458-3035">0458-3035</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161217150000/https://www.latimes.com/politics/essential/la-pol-ca-essential-politics-updates-kamala-harris-plans-to-keep-her-day-job-1478832067-htmlstory.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 17, 2016. Retrieved December 20, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Essential+Politics+November+archives&rft.date=2016-12-01&rft.issn=0458-3035&rft.aulast=Willon&rft.aufirst=Phil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fpolitics%2Fessential%2Fla-pol-ca-essential-politics-updates-kamala-harris-plans-to-keep-her-day-job-1478832067-htmlstory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKamala+Harris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ma_2021c-93"><a href="#cite_ref-Ma_2021c_93-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaHohlKantner2021" class="citation cs2">Ma, Debbie S.; Hohl, Danita; Kantner, Justin (2021), "The politics of identity: The unexpected role of political orientation on racial categorization of Kamala Harris", Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy, 21 (1): 99–120, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fasap.12257">10.1111/asap.12257</a>, <q>Harris, who has written and spoken at length about her parents' backgrounds and heritage,... On her official website, she asserts that she is 'the second African-American woman and first South Asian-American senator in history.'</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Analyses+of+Social+Issues+and+Public+Policy&rft.atitle=The+politics+of+identity%3A+The+unexpected+role+of+political+orientation+on+racial+categorization+of+Kamala+Harris&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=99-120&rft.date=2021&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fasap.12257&rft.aulast=Ma&rft.aufirst=Debbie+S.&rft.au=Hohl%2C+Danita&rft.au=Kantner%2C+Justin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKamala+Harris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201014130548/https://www.harris.senate.gov/about">"Kamala D. Harris: US Senator from California"</a>. United States Senate. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.harris.senate.gov/about">the original</a> on October 14, 2020. Retrieved July 29, 2020. <q>In 2017, Kamala D. Harris was sworn in as a United States senator for California, the second African-American woman, and first South Asian-American senator in history.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kamala+D.+Harris%3A+US+Senator+from+California&rft.pub=United+States+Senate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.harris.senate.gov%2Fabout&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKamala+Harris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeinbergPalaniappan2019" class="citation web cs1">Weinberg, Tessa; Palaniappan, Sruthi (December 3, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/kamala-harris-latest-democrat-run-president/story?id=60521324">"Kamala Harris: Everything you need to know about the 2020 presidential candidate"</a>. 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Retrieved August 10, 2020. <q>Harris is the daughter of an Indian mother and Jamaican father, and is the second African-American woman and first South Asian-American senator in history.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kamala+Harris%3A+Everything+you+need+to+know+about+the+2020+presidential+candidate&rft.pub=ABC+News&rft.date=2019-12-03&rft.aulast=Weinberg&rft.aufirst=Tessa&rft.au=Palaniappan%2C+Sruthi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FPolitics%2Fkamala-harris-latest-democrat-run-president%2Fstory%3Fid%3D60521324&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKamala+Harris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-SenateStances-96">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SenateStances_96-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SenateStances_96-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSanchez2021" class="citation magazine cs1">Sanchez, Chelsey (January 20, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.harpersbazaar.com/culture/politics/a34275544/kamala-harris-gun-control/">"Here's Where Kamala Harris Stands on Gun Control"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar" title="Harper's Bazaar">Harper's Bazaar</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240322165235/https://www.harpersbazaar.com/culture/politics/a34275544/kamala-harris-gun-control/">Archived</a> from the original on March 22, 2024. Retrieved March 22, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Harper%27s+Bazaar&rft.atitle=Here%27s+Where+Kamala+Harris+Stands+on+Gun+Control&rft.date=2021-01-20&rft.aulast=Sanchez&rft.aufirst=Chelsey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.harpersbazaar.com%2Fculture%2Fpolitics%2Fa34275544%2Fkamala-harris-gun-control%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKamala+Harris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFdeBruyn2020" class="citation web cs1">deBruyn, Jason (August 12, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wunc.org/law/2020-08-12/kamala-harris-advocated-for-stricter-gun-laws-as-a-candidate-what-about-as-joe-bidens-vp">"Kamala Harris Advocated For Stricter Gun Laws As A Candidate. What About As Joe Biden's VP?"</a>. 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Really?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/PolitiFact" title="PolitiFact">PolitiFact</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210921010122/https://www.politifact.com/article/2019/may/10/fact-checking-kamala-harris-claim-stacey-abrams-an/">Archived</a> from the original on September 21, 2021. 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Retrieved August 3, 2024. <q>2021, January 20: Kamala Harris of Los Angeles became the first woman and the first African American and Asian American to serve as vice president of the United States and president of the U.S. Senate.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=United+States+in+the+Senate%3A+California+Timeline&rft.pub=The+United+States+Senate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.senate.gov%2Fstates%2FCA%2Ftimeline.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKamala+Harris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-191"><a href="#cite_ref-191">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHorowitzBudiman2020" class="citation news cs1">Horowitz, Juliana Menasce; Budiman, Abby (August 18, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2020/08/18/key-findings-about-multiracial-identity-in-the-u-s-as-harris-becomes-vice-presidential-nominee/">"Key findings about multiracial identity in the U.S. as Harris becomes vice presidential nominee"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Pew_Research_Center" title="Pew Research Center">Pew Research Center</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201107221446/https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2020/08/18/key-findings-about-multiracial-identity-in-the-u-s-as-harris-becomes-vice-presidential-nominee/">Archived</a> from the original on November 7, 2020. 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Retrieved November 13, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=Kamala+Harris+Makes+History+As+First+Female%2C+Black%2C+Asian+American+Vice+President&rft.date=2020-11-07&rft.aulast=McEvoy&rft.aufirst=Jemima&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fjemimamcevoy%2F2020%2F11%2F07%2Fkamala-harris-makes-history-as-first-female-black-asian-american-vice-president%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKamala+Harris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-193"><a href="#cite_ref-193">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSolender2020" class="citation news cs1">Solender, Andrew (August 12, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/andrewsolender/2020/08/12/here-are-the-firsts-kamala-harris-represents-with-vp-candidacy/">"Here Are The 'Firsts' Kamala Harris Represents With VP Candidacy"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200902023222/https://www.forbes.com/sites/andrewsolender/2020/08/12/here-are-the-firsts-kamala-harris-represents-with-vp-candidacy/">Archived</a> from the original on September 2, 2020. Retrieved November 8, 2020. <q>Harris would not be the first person of color to serve as vice president. That honor belongs to Charles Curtis, President Herbert Hoover's No. 2.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=Here+Are+The+%27Firsts%27+Kamala+Harris+Represents+With+VP+Candidacy&rft.date=2020-08-12&rft.aulast=Solender&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fandrewsolender%2F2020%2F08%2F12%2Fhere-are-the-firsts-kamala-harris-represents-with-vp-candidacy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKamala+Harris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-195"><a href="#cite_ref-195">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHayes2021" class="citation news cs1">Hayes, Christal (January 20, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2021/01/20/warnock-ossoff-sworn-in-giving-democrats-majority-senate/4217985001/">"Democrats officially take control of Senate after Harris swears in Ossoff, Warnock and Padilla"</a>. 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Washington, DC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211119195940/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/joe-biden-president-kamala-harris-b1960913.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 19, 2021. Retrieved November 19, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=%27First+woman+president%27%3A+Kamala+Harris+makes+history+when+she+briefly+assumes+powers+of+presidency+during+Biden+procedure&rft.date=2021-11-19&rft.aulast=Feinberg&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Famericas%2Fus-politics%2Fjoe-biden-president-kamala-harris-b1960913.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKamala+Harris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-206"><a href="#cite_ref-206">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPengelly2021" class="citation news cs1">Pengelly, Martin (November 19, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2021/nov/19/kamala-harris-presidential-powers-biden-colonoscopy">"Kamala Harris takes on presidential role – briefly – as Biden has colonoscopy"</a>. The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211119203654/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2021/nov/19/kamala-harris-presidential-powers-biden-colonoscopy">Archived</a> from the original on November 19, 2021. Retrieved November 19, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Kamala+Harris+takes+on+presidential+role+%E2%80%93+briefly+%E2%80%93+as+Biden+has+colonoscopy&rft.date=2021-11-19&rft.aulast=Pengelly&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fus-news%2F2021%2Fnov%2F19%2Fkamala-harris-presidential-powers-biden-colonoscopy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKamala+Harris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-207"><a href="#cite_ref-207">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDorman2021" class="citation web cs1">Dorman, John L. (December 4, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/kamala-harris-staff-turnover-office-burnout-opportunities-pigeonholed-2024-democrats-2021-12">"Kamala Harris' staff turnover driven by burnout and apprehension to being labeled a 'Harris person': Axios"</a>. Business Insider. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240725005233/https://www.businessinsider.com/kamala-harris-staff-turnover-office-burnout-opportunities-pigeonholed-2024-democrats-2021-12">Archived</a> from the original on July 25, 2024. Retrieved July 23, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=Kamala+Harris%27+staff+turnover+driven+by+burnout+and+apprehension+to+being+labeled+a+%27Harris+person%27%3A+Axios&rft.date=2021-12-04&rft.aulast=Dorman&rft.aufirst=John+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Fkamala-harris-staff-turnover-office-burnout-opportunities-pigeonholed-2024-democrats-2021-12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKamala+Harris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-208"><a href="#cite_ref-208">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEganGutierrezGregorian2021" class="citation news cs1">Egan, Lauren; Gutierrez, Gabe; Gregorian, Dareh (March 24, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/white-house/biden-taps-harris-lead-coordination-efforts-southern-border-n1261952">"Biden tasks Harris with 'stemming the migration' on southern border"</a>. NBC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240725005245/https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/white-house/biden-taps-harris-lead-coordination-efforts-southern-border-n1261952">Archived</a> from the original on July 25, 2024. Retrieved July 22, 2024. <q>A senior administration official said Harris' role would focus on 'two tracks': both curbing the current flow of migrants and implementing a long-term strategy that addresses the root causes of migration.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Biden+tasks+Harris+with+%27stemming+the+migration%27+on+southern+border&rft.date=2021-03-24&rft.aulast=Egan&rft.aufirst=Lauren&rft.au=Gutierrez%2C+Gabe&rft.au=Gregorian%2C+Dareh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fpolitics%2Fwhite-house%2Fbiden-taps-harris-lead-coordination-efforts-southern-border-n1261952&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKamala+Harris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-209"><a href="#cite_ref-209">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerryO'KeefeMontoya-Galvez2021" class="citation news cs1">Perry, Tim; O'Keefe, Ed; Montoya-Galvez, Camilo (March 24, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/kamala-harris-immigration-lead-mexico-border-biden-administration/">"Harris to lead administration's efforts to stem migration at border"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBS_News" title="CBS News">CBS News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240728132526/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/kamala-harris-immigration-lead-mexico-border-biden-administration/">Archived</a> from the original on July 28, 2024. Retrieved July 28, 2024. <q>She [the vice president] is really going to look at two tracks. She is going to work first on the goal of stemming the flow of irregular migrants to the US, but also at the same time, and as part of the broader context, her real goal is establishment of a strategic partnership with these countries that is based on respect and shared values.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Harris+to+lead+administration%27s+efforts+to+stem+migration+at+border&rft.date=2021-03-24&rft.aulast=Perry&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft.au=O%27Keefe%2C+Ed&rft.au=Montoya-Galvez%2C+Camilo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Fkamala-harris-immigration-lead-mexico-border-biden-administration%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKamala+Harris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-210"><a href="#cite_ref-210">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241007225911/https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2021/07/29/fact-sheet-strategy-to-address-the-root-causes-of-migration-in-central-america/">"FACT SHEET: Strategy to Address the Root Causes of Migration in Central America"</a>. <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a>. July 29, 2021. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2021/07/29/fact-sheet-strategy-to-address-the-root-causes-of-migration-in-central-america/">the original</a> on October 7, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=FACT+SHEET%3A+Strategy+to+Address+the+Root+Causes+of+Migration+in+Central+America&rft.pub=White+House&rft.date=2021-07-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.whitehouse.gov%2Fbriefing-room%2Fstatements-releases%2F2021%2F07%2F29%2Ffact-sheet-strategy-to-address-the-root-causes-of-migration-in-central-america%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKamala+Harris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-211"><a href="#cite_ref-211">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChen2021" class="citation web cs1">Chen, Shawna (April 14, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.axios.com/2021/04/14/harris-immigration-visit-mexico-guatemala">"Harris to visit Mexico and Guatemala to address 'root causes' of border crossings"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Axios_(website)" title="Axios (website)">Axios</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240725010739/https://www.axios.com/2021/04/14/harris-immigration-visit-mexico-guatemala">Archived</a> from the original on July 25, 2024. Retrieved July 24, 2024. <q>Harris, appointed by Biden as border czar, said she would be looking at the 'root causes' that drive migration</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Axios&rft.atitle=Harris+to+visit+Mexico+and+Guatemala+to+address+%27root+causes%27+of+border+crossings&rft.date=2021-04-14&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=Shawna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.axios.com%2F2021%2F04%2F14%2Fharris-immigration-visit-mexico-guatemala&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKamala+Harris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-212"><a href="#cite_ref-212">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLavandera2021" class="citation news cs1">Lavandera, Ed (June 25, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/2106/25/nday.06.html">"Transcripts"</a>. CNN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240731093625/https://www.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/2106/25/nday.06.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 31, 2024. Retrieved July 28, 2024. <q>Well, the vice president is expected to land here in El Paso in about an hour and a half. It will be a four-hour visit. And this will be her first visit to the U.S./Mexico border region since she was appointed as the border czar by President Biden.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Transcripts&rft.date=2021-06-25&rft.aulast=Lavandera&rft.aufirst=Ed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2FTRANSCRIPTS%2F2106%2F25%2Fnday.06.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKamala+Harris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-213"><a href="#cite_ref-213">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-56516332">"Biden tasks Harris with tackling migrant influx on US–Mexico border"</a>. BBC News. March 24, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240727150933/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-56516332">Archived</a> from the original on July 27, 2024. Retrieved July 25, 2024. <q>US President Joe Biden has put Vice-President Kamala Harris in charge of controlling migration at the southern border following a big influx of new arrivals. Mr Biden said he was giving her a 'tough job' but that she was 'the most qualified person to do it'. [...] Announcing Ms Harris's appointment as his immigration czar</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Biden+tasks+Harris+with+tackling+migrant+influx+on+US%E2%80%93Mexico+border&rft.date=2021-03-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-us-canada-56516332&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKamala+Harris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-214"><a href="#cite_ref-214">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaz2024" class="citation web cs1">Paz, Christian (July 18, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vox.com/politics/361635/kamala-harris-border-czar-immigration-mexico-guatemala-rnc">"Kamala Harris and the border: The myth and the facts"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Vox_(website)" title="Vox (website)">Vox</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240722142513/https://www.vox.com/politics/361635/kamala-harris-border-czar-immigration-mexico-guatemala-rnc">Archived</a> from the original on July 22, 2024. Retrieved July 22, 2024. <q>If Vice President Kamala Harris becomes the Democratic presidential nominee, Republicans have a ready-made case against her: They can say she was President Joe Biden's 'border czar', in charge of immigration and the border, and she failed ... There's just one problem. The vice president was never in charge of the border.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vox&rft.atitle=Kamala+Harris+and+the+border%3A+The+myth+and+the+facts&rft.date=2024-07-18&rft.aulast=Paz&rft.aufirst=Christian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vox.com%2Fpolitics%2F361635%2Fkamala-harris-border-czar-immigration-mexico-guatemala-rnc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKamala+Harris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-215"><a href="#cite_ref-215">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBergengruen2024" class="citation magazine cs1">Bergengruen, Vera (July 23, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://time.com/7001817/kamala-harris-immigration/">"Kamala Harris Wasn't the 'Border Czar'. Here's What She Did"</a>. Time. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240727120848/https://time.com/7001817/kamala-harris-immigration/">Archived</a> from the original on July 27, 2024. Retrieved July 27, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Kamala+Harris+Wasn%27t+the+%27Border+Czar%27.+Here%27s+What+She+Did&rft.date=2024-07-23&rft.aulast=Bergengruen&rft.aufirst=Vera&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftime.com%2F7001817%2Fkamala-harris-immigration%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKamala+Harris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-216"><a href="#cite_ref-216">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeith2021" class="citation web cs1">Keith, Tamara (June 25, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2021/06/25/1009939218/harris-is-visiting-the-southern-border-after-trying-to-keep-the-focus-away-from-">"Harris Visits The Southern Border After Trying To Keep The Focus Away From It"</a>. NPR. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240731093610/https://www.npr.org/2021/06/25/1009939218/harris-is-visiting-the-southern-border-after-trying-to-keep-the-focus-away-from-">Archived</a> from the original on July 31, 2024. Retrieved July 28, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Harris+Visits+The+Southern+Border+After+Trying+To+Keep+The+Focus+Away+From+It&rft.pub=NPR&rft.date=2021-06-25&rft.aulast=Keith&rft.aufirst=Tamara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2021%2F06%2F25%2F1009939218%2Fharris-is-visiting-the-southern-border-after-trying-to-keep-the-focus-away-from-&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKamala+Harris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-217"><a href="#cite_ref-217">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlvarez2023" class="citation news cs1">Alvarez, Priscilla (February 6, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://amp.cnn.com/cnn/2023/02/06/politics/kamala-harris-migration">"Harris' mission to tackle migration root causes scores big money support but border crossings remain high"</a>. CNN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240703163607/https://amp.cnn.com/cnn/2023/02/06/politics/kamala-harris-migration">Archived</a> from the original on July 3, 2024. Retrieved July 28, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Harris%27+mission+to+tackle+migration+root+causes+scores+big+money+support+but+border+crossings+remain+high&rft.date=2023-02-06&rft.aulast=Alvarez&rft.aufirst=Priscilla&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famp.cnn.com%2Fcnn%2F2023%2F02%2F06%2Fpolitics%2Fkamala-harris-migration&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKamala+Harris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-218"><a href="#cite_ref-218">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWootson2021" class="citation news cs1">Wootson, Cleve R. Jr. (April 16, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/harris-gop-border/2021/04/16/c3a2f63e-9e24-11eb-8005-bffc3a39f6d3_story.html">"Republicans try to crown Harris the 'border czar.' She rejects the title"</a>. The Washington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240725124219/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/harris-gop-border/2021/04/16/c3a2f63e-9e24-11eb-8005-bffc3a39f6d3_story.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 25, 2024. Retrieved July 27, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Republicans+try+to+crown+Harris+the+%27border+czar.%27+She+rejects+the+title&rft.date=2021-04-16&rft.aulast=Wootson&rft.aufirst=Cleve+R.+Jr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fpolitics%2Fharris-gop-border%2F2021%2F04%2F16%2Fc3a2f63e-9e24-11eb-8005-bffc3a39f6d3_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKamala+Harris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-219"><a href="#cite_ref-219">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKight2024" class="citation web cs1">Kight, Stef W. (July 24, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.axios.com/2024/07/24/kamala-harris-border-czar-immigratin">"Harris border confusion haunts her new campaign"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Axios_(website)" title="Axios (website)">Axios</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240724080958/https://www.axios.com/2024/07/24/kamala-harris-border-czar-immigratin">Archived</a> from the original on July 24, 2024. Retrieved July 24, 2024. <q>The announcement led to near-immediate confusion in the media and in the White House over how involved Harris would be, with Republicans and some news outlets, including Axios, giving Harris the unofficial monicker of 'border czar'. ... This article has been updated and clarified to note that Axios was among the news outlets that incorrectly labeled Harris a 'border czar' in 2021.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Axios&rft.atitle=Harris+border+confusion+haunts+her+new+campaign&rft.date=2024-07-24&rft.aulast=Kight&rft.aufirst=Stef+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.axios.com%2F2024%2F07%2F24%2Fkamala-harris-border-czar-immigratin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKamala+Harris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-220"><a href="#cite_ref-220">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUribe2024" class="citation web cs1">Uribe, Maria Ramirez (July 24, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2024/jul/24/republican-national-committee-republican/border-czar-kamala-harris-assigned-to-tackle-immig/">"'Border czar'? GOP talking point distorts VP Harrris' role"</a>. politifact. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240725234440/https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2024/jul/24/republican-national-committee-republican/border-czar-kamala-harris-assigned-to-tackle-immig/">Archived</a> from the original on July 25, 2024. 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Retrieved August 2, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Kamala+Harris+defends+%27cackle%27+derided+by+her+rivals&rft.date=2024-04-30&rft.aulast=Southern&rft.aufirst=Keiran&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetimes.com%2Fworld%2Fus-world%2Farticle%2Fkamala-harris-drew-barrymore-interview-laugh-v0nn2v5tr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKamala+Harris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-f556-297"><a href="#cite_ref-f556_297-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavis2024" class="citation web cs1">Davis, Susan (October 19, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/transcripts/g-s1-28932">"GOP ads on transgender rights are dominating airwaves in the election's closing days"</a>. NPR. Retrieved November 8, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NPR&rft.atitle=GOP+ads+on+transgender+rights+are+dominating+airwaves+in+the+election%27s+closing+days&rft.date=2024-10-19&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Ftranscripts%2Fg-s1-28932&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKamala+Harris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-y655-298"><a href="#cite_ref-y655_298-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarrón-LópezBaldwinLaneBarajas2024" class="citation web cs1">Barrón-López, Laura; Baldwin, Lorna; Lane, Sam; Barajas, Joshua; Sunkara, Satvi (November 2, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/why-anti-transgender-political-ads-are-dominating-the-airwaves-this-election">"Why anti-transgender political ads are dominating the airwaves this election"</a>. PBS News. Retrieved November 8, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PBS+News&rft.atitle=Why+anti-transgender+political+ads+are+dominating+the+airwaves+this+election&rft.date=2024-11-02&rft.aulast=Barr%C3%B3n-L%C3%B3pez&rft.aufirst=Laura&rft.au=Baldwin%2C+Lorna&rft.au=Lane%2C+Sam&rft.au=Barajas%2C+Joshua&rft.au=Sunkara%2C+Satvi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fnewshour%2Fshow%2Fwhy-anti-transgender-political-ads-are-dominating-the-airwaves-this-election&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKamala+Harris" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnson-Batiste2021" class="citation book cs1">Johnson-Batiste, Stacey L. (2021). Friends from the Beginning: The Berkeley Village That Raised Kamala and Me. Twelve Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5387-0748-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5387-0748-7"><bdi>978-1-5387-0748-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Friends+from+the+Beginning%3A+The+Berkeley+Village+That+Raised+Kamala+and+Me&rft.pub=Twelve+Books&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-1-5387-0748-7&rft.aulast=Johnson-Batiste&rft.aufirst=Stacey+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKamala+Harris" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorain2021" class="citation book cs1">Morain, Dan (2021). Kamala's Way. Simon & Schuster. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-3985-0485-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-3985-0485-1"><bdi>978-1-3985-0485-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kamala%27s+Way&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-1-3985-0485-1&rft.aulast=Morain&rft.aufirst=Dan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKamala+Harris" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> Kamala Harris at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Kamala_Harris" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Kamala Harris">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Kamala_Harris" class="extiw" title="n:Category:Kamala Harris">News</a> from Wikinews</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Kamala_Harris" class="extiw" title="q:Kamala Harris">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Kamala_Devi_Harris" class="extiw" title="s:Author:Kamala Devi Harris">Texts</a> from Wikisource</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10853588" class="extiw" title="d:Q10853588">Data</a> from Wikidata</li></ul></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Library" title="Wikipedia:The Wikipedia Library">Library resources</a> about Kamala Harris <hr /></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=Kamala+Harris">Resources in your library</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=Kamala+Harris&library=0CHOOSE0">Resources in other libraries</a></li> </ul></div></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Official">Official</h3></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/administration/vice-president-harris/">Vice President Kamala Harris</a> official website</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kamalaharris.com/">Official campaign website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.congress.gov/member/kamala-harris/H001075">Senator Kamala D. Harris</a> (2017–2021)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other">Other</h3></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=kamala+harris&btnG=">Books and articles on or by Kamala Harris</a> at <a href="/wiki/Google_Scholar" title="Google Scholar">Google Scholar</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/person/?kamalaharris">Appearances</a> on <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10853588#P2190" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ontheissues.org/Kamala_Harris.htm">Kamala Harris</a> at <a href="/wiki/On_the_Issues" title="On the Issues">On the Issues</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politifact.com/personalities/kamala-harris/">Kamala Harris</a> at <a href="/wiki/PolitiFact" title="PolitiFact">PolitiFact</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Kamala_Harris" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Kamala_Harris" title="Template:Kamala Harris"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Kamala_Harris" title="Template talk:Kamala Harris"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Kamala_Harris" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Kamala Harris"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Kamala_Harris" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kamala Harris</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vice_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of vice presidents of the United States">49th</a> <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President of the United States</a> (2021–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senator</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_California" title="List of United States senators from California">from California</a> (2017–2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attorney_General_of_California" title="Attorney General of California">Attorney General of California</a> (2011–2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_District_Attorney%27s_Office" title="San Francisco District Attorney's Office">District Attorney of San Francisco</a> (2004–2011)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Life and politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_life_and_career_of_Kamala_Harris" title="Early life and career of Kamala Harris">Early life and career</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris_as_Attorney_General_of_California" title="Kamala Harris as Attorney General of California">California Attorney General tenure</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#U.S._Senator_(2017–2021)">U.S. Senate career</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Justice_for_Victims_of_Lynching_Act" title="Justice for Victims of Lynching Act">Justice for Victims of Lynching Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marijuana_Opportunity_Reinvestment_and_Expungement_Act" title="Marijuana Opportunity Reinvestment and Expungement Act">MORE Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rent_Relief_Act" title="Rent Relief Act">Rent Relief Act</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Vice_presidency_(2021–present)">Vice presidency</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Joe_Biden" title="Presidential transition of Joe Biden">Biden transition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Office_of_Gun_Violence_Prevention" title="White House Office of Gun Violence Prevention">White House Office of Gun Violence Prevention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_presidential_transition_of_Donald_Trump" title="Second presidential transition of Donald Trump">Trump transition</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Kamala_Harris" title="Political positions of Kamala Harris">Political positions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_Kamala_Harris" title="Electoral history of Kamala Harris">Elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">California</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>District attorney <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_Kamala_Harris#2003" title="Electoral history of Kamala Harris">2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_San_Francisco_general_election#District_attorney" title="2007 San Francisco general election">2007</a></li></ul></li> <li>Attorney general <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2010_California_Attorney_General_election" title="2010 California Attorney General election">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_California_Attorney_General_election" title="2014 California Attorney General election">2014</a></li></ul></li> <li>U.S. Senate <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_Senate_election_in_California" title="2016 United States Senate election in California">2016</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Vice presidential</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign">2020 campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_Party_vice_presidential_candidate_selection" title="2020 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection">selection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2020 Democratic National Convention">convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_debates#October_7:_Vice_presidential_debate_(University_of_Utah)" title="2020 United States presidential debates">debate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Joe_Biden#Harris_Senate_transition" title="Presidential transition of Joe Biden">transition</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden_2024_presidential_campaign" title="Joe Biden 2024 presidential campaign">2024 campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_of_Joe_Biden_from_the_2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="Withdrawal of Joe Biden from the 2024 United States presidential election">Biden withdrawal</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris_presidential_campaign" title="Kamala Harris presidential campaign">Presidential</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Kamala Harris 2020 presidential campaign">2020 campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_debates" title="2020 Democratic Party presidential debates">debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Kamala_Harris_2020_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Kamala Harris 2020 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris_2024_presidential_campaign" title="Kamala Harris 2024 presidential campaign">2024 campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Kamala_Harris_2024_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Kamala Harris 2024 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Kamala_Harris_2024_presidential_campaign_non-political_endorsements" title="List of Kamala Harris 2024 presidential campaign non-political endorsements">non-political</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Kamala_Harris_2024_presidential_campaign_political_endorsements" title="List of Kamala Harris 2024 presidential campaign political endorsements">political</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Kamala_Harris_2024_presidential_campaign_congressional_legislators_endorsements" title="List of Kamala Harris 2024 presidential campaign congressional legislators endorsements">congressional legislators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Kamala_Harris_2024_presidential_campaign_federal_executive_officials_endorsements" title="List of Kamala Harris 2024 presidential campaign federal executive officials endorsements">federal executive officials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_former_Trump_administration_officials_who_endorsed_Kamala_Harris" title="List of former Trump administration officials who endorsed Kamala Harris">former Trump officials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Kamala_Harris_2024_presidential_campaign_international_endorsements" title="List of Kamala Harris 2024 presidential campaign international endorsements">international</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Kamala_Harris_2024_presidential_campaign_sub-national_officials_endorsements" title="List of Kamala Harris 2024 presidential campaign sub-national officials endorsements">sub-national officials</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Democratic_Party_vice_presidential_candidate_selection" title="2024 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection">running mate selection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2024 Democratic National Convention">convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_debates#September_10:_Second_presidential_debate_(ABC,_Philadelphia)" title="2024 United States presidential debates">debate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="2024 United States presidential election">election</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bibliography</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Smart_on_Crime" title="Smart on Crime">Smart on Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superheroes_Are_Everywhere" title="Superheroes Are Everywhere">Superheroes Are Everywhere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Truths_We_Hold" title="The Truths We Hold">The Truths We Hold</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Public_image_of_Kamala_Harris" title="Public image of Kamala Harris">Public image</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_47th" title="The 47th">The 47th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KHive" title="KHive">KHive</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/We_did_it,_Joe!" title="We did it, Joe!">We did it, Joe!</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/You_think_you_just_fell_out_of_a_coconut_tree%3F" title="You think you just fell out of a coconut tree?">You think you just fell out of a coconut tree?</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Kamala_is_for_they/them" title="Kamala is for they/them">Kamala is for they/them</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Family_of_Kamala_Harris" title="Family of Kamala Harris">Family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/P._V._Gopalan" title="P. V. Gopalan">P. V. Gopalan</a> (maternal grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shyamala_Gopalan" title="Shyamala Gopalan">Shyamala Gopalan</a> (mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_Harris" title="Maya Harris">Maya Harris</a> (sister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meena_Harris" title="Meena Harris">Meena Harris</a> (niece)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_J._Harris" title="Donald J. Harris">Donald J. Harris</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doug_Emhoff" title="Doug Emhoff">Doug Emhoff</a> (husband)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ella_Emhoff" title="Ella Emhoff">Ella Emhoff</a> (stepdaughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_West_(attorney)" title="Tony West (attorney)">Tony West</a> (brother-in-law)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Pence" title="Mike Pence">← Mike Pence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JD_Vance" title="JD Vance">JD Vance →</a></li></ul> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Kamala_Harris" title="Category:Kamala Harris">Category</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Kamala_Harris" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Kamala Harris">Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Offices_and_distinctions" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Offices_and_distinctions" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Offices and distinctions</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #DDCEF2;">Legal offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Terence_Hallinan" title="Terence Hallinan">Terence Hallinan</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_District_Attorney%27s_Office" title="San Francisco District Attorney's Office">District Attorney of San Francisco</a> 2004–2011 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/George_Gasc%C3%B3n" title="George Gascón">George Gascón</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Brown" title="Jerry Brown">Jerry Brown</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/California_Attorney_General" class="mw-redirect" title="California Attorney General">Attorney General of California</a> 2011–2017 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Kenealy" title="Kathleen Kenealy">Kathleen Kenealy</a> Acting</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Boxer" title="Barbara Boxer">Barbara Boxer</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> nominee for <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_California" title="List of United States senators from California">U.S. Senator</a> from California (<a href="/wiki/Classes_of_United_States_senators" title="Classes of United States senators">Class 3</a>) <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_election_in_California,_2016" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate election in California, 2016">2016</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Alex_Padilla" title="Alex Padilla">Alex Padilla</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Tim_Kaine" title="Tim Kaine">Tim Kaine</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Democratic_Party_presidential_tickets" title="List of United States Democratic Party presidential tickets">nominee</a> for Vice President of the United States <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">2020</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Tim_Walz" title="Tim Walz">Tim Walz</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Democratic_Party_presidential_tickets" title="List of United States Democratic Party presidential tickets">nominee</a> for President of the United States <a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="2024 United States presidential election">2024</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Most recent </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senate</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Boxer" title="Barbara Boxer">Barbara Boxer</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_California" title="List of United States senators from California">U.S. Senator (Class 3) from California</a> 2017–2021 Served alongside: <a href="/wiki/Dianne_Feinstein" title="Dianne Feinstein">Dianne Feinstein</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Alex_Padilla" title="Alex Padilla">Alex Padilla</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Mike_Pence" title="Mike Pence">Mike Pence</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> Vice President of the United States 2021–present </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Incumbent </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cfc;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_order_of_precedence" title="United States order of precedence">U.S. order of precedence</a> (ceremonial) </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a></div>as President </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> Second in order as Vice President of the United States </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Followed by<div style="font-weight: bold">Relevant <a href="/wiki/Governor_(United_States)" title="Governor (United States)">state governor</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cfc;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession" title="United States presidential line of succession">U.S. presidential line of succession</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;">First </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> First in line as Vice President of the United States </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Mike_Johnson" title="Mike Johnson">Mike Johnson</a></div>as <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_U.S._House_of_Representatives" class="mw-redirect" title="Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives">Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Articles_related_to_Kamala_Harris" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Articles_related_to_Kamala_Harris" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Articles related to Kamala Harris</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Vice_presidents_of_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_vice_presidents" title="Template:US vice presidents"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_vice_presidents" title="Template talk:US vice presidents"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_vice_presidents" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US vice presidents"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Vice_presidents_of_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice presidents of the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left; white-space:nowrap; padding-top:.3em; padding-bottom:.6em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 18em;"> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/John_Adams" title="John Adams">John Adams</a> (1789–1797)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a> (1797–1801)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron_Burr" title="Aaron Burr">Aaron Burr</a> (1801–1805)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Clinton_(vice_president)" title="George Clinton (vice president)">George Clinton</a> (1805–1812)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elbridge_Gerry" title="Elbridge Gerry">Elbridge Gerry</a> (1813–1814)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_D._Tompkins" title="Daniel D. Tompkins">Daniel D. Tompkins</a> (1817–1825)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_C._Calhoun" title="John C. Calhoun">John C. Calhoun</a> (1825–1832)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Van_Buren" title="Martin Van Buren">Martin Van Buren</a> (1833–1837)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Mentor_Johnson" title="Richard Mentor Johnson">Richard M. Johnson</a> (1837–1841)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Tyler" title="John Tyler">John Tyler</a> (1841)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_M._Dallas" title="George M. Dallas">George M. Dallas</a> (1845–1849)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millard_Fillmore" title="Millard Fillmore">Millard Fillmore</a> (1849–1850)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_R._King" title="William R. King">William R. King</a> (1853)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_C._Breckinridge" title="John C. Breckinridge">John C. Breckinridge</a> (1857–1861)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannibal_Hamlin" title="Hannibal Hamlin">Hannibal Hamlin</a> (1861–1865)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Johnson" title="Andrew Johnson">Andrew Johnson</a> (1865)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schuyler_Colfax" title="Schuyler Colfax">Schuyler Colfax</a> (1869–1873)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Wilson" title="Henry Wilson">Henry Wilson</a> (1873–1875)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_A._Wheeler" title="William A. Wheeler">William A. Wheeler</a> (1877–1881)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chester_A._Arthur" title="Chester A. Arthur">Chester A. Arthur</a> (1881)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._Hendricks" title="Thomas A. Hendricks">Thomas A. Hendricks</a> (1885)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levi_P._Morton" title="Levi P. Morton">Levi P. Morton</a> (1889–1893)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adlai_Stevenson_I" title="Adlai Stevenson I">Adlai Stevenson</a> (1893–1897)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garret_Hobart" title="Garret Hobart">Garret Hobart</a> (1897–1899)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a> (1901)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_W._Fairbanks" title="Charles W. Fairbanks">Charles W. Fairbanks</a> (1905–1909)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_S._Sherman" title="James S. Sherman">James S. Sherman</a> (1909–1912)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_R._Marshall" title="Thomas R. Marshall">Thomas R. Marshall</a> (1913–1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge">Calvin Coolidge</a> (1921–1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_G._Dawes" title="Charles G. Dawes">Charles G. Dawes</a> (1925–1929)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Curtis" title="Charles Curtis">Charles Curtis</a> (1929–1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Nance_Garner" title="John Nance Garner">John N. Garner</a> (1933–1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_A._Wallace" title="Henry A. Wallace">Henry A. Wallace</a> (1941–1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alben_W._Barkley" title="Alben W. Barkley">Alben W. Barkley</a> (1949–1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> (1953–1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a> (1961–1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey" title="Hubert Humphrey">Hubert Humphrey</a> (1965–1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiro_Agnew" title="Spiro Agnew">Spiro Agnew</a> (1969–1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford">Gerald Ford</a> (1973–1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Rockefeller" title="Nelson Rockefeller">Nelson Rockefeller</a> (1974–1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Mondale" title="Walter Mondale">Walter Mondale</a> (1977–1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a> (1981–1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Quayle" title="Dan Quayle">Dan Quayle</a> (1989–1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vice_presidency_of_Al_Gore" title="Vice presidency of Al Gore">1993–2001</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Cheney" title="Dick Cheney">Dick Cheney</a> (2001–2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> (2009–2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Pence" title="Mike Pence">Mike Pence</a> (2017–2021)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kamala Harris</a> (2021–present)</li></ol> </div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Vice_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="Category:Vice presidents of the United States">Category</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/List_of_vice_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of vice presidents of the United States">List</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Order_of_precedence_in_the_United_States*" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_Order_of_Precedence" title="Template:US Order of Precedence"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_Order_of_Precedence" title="Template talk:US Order of Precedence"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_Order_of_Precedence" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US Order of Precedence"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Order_of_precedence_in_the_United_States*" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_States_order_of_precedence" title="United States order of precedence">Order of precedence in the United States</a>*</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President</a> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kamala Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_United_States_governors" title="List of current United States governors">Governor (of the state in which the event is held)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Speaker of the United States House of Representatives">House Speaker</a> <a href="/wiki/Mike_Johnson" title="Mike Johnson">Mike Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_the_United_States" title="Chief Justice of the United States">Chief Justice</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Roberts" title="John Roberts">John Roberts</a></li> <li>Former President <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a></li> <li>Former President <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a></li> <li>Former President <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a></li> <li>Former President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a></li> <li>Former President <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a></li> <li>Former Vice President <a href="/wiki/Dan_Quayle" title="Dan Quayle">Dan Quayle</a></li> <li>Former Vice President <a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a></li> <li>Former Vice President <a href="/wiki/Dick_Cheney" title="Dick Cheney">Dick Cheney</a></li> <li>Former Vice President <a href="/wiki/Mike_Pence" title="Mike Pence">Mike Pence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambassadors_of_the_United_States" title="Ambassadors of the United States">Ambassadors of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a> <a href="/wiki/Antony_Blinken" title="Antony Blinken">Antony Blinken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Associate_Justice_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States">Associate Justices</a></li> <li>Retired Associate Justice <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Kennedy" title="Anthony Kennedy">Anthony Kennedy</a></li> <li>Retired Associate Justice <a href="/wiki/David_Souter" title="David Souter">David Souter</a></li> <li>Retired Associate Justice <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Breyer" title="Stephen Breyer">Stephen Breyer</a></li> <li>Members of the <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_United_States" title="Cabinet of the United States">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_pro_tempore_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="President pro tempore of the United States Senate">Senate President pro tempore</a> <a href="/wiki/Patty_Murray" title="Patty Murray">Patty Murray</a></li> <li>Members of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_current_United_States_senators" title="List of current United States senators">Senate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_United_States_governors" title="List of current United States governors">Governors of the States (by order of statehood)</a></li> <li>Members of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_current_members_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="List of current members of the United States House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>*not including acting officeholders, visiting dignitaries, auxiliary executive and military personnel and most diplomats</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Presidential_line_of_succession_in_the_United_States_of_America" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_Presidential_Line_of_Succession" title="Template:US Presidential Line of Succession"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_Presidential_Line_of_Succession" title="Template talk:US Presidential Line of Succession"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_Presidential_Line_of_Succession" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US Presidential Line of Succession"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Presidential_line_of_succession_in_the_United_States_of_America" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession" title="United States presidential line of succession">Presidential line of succession in the United States of America</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President</a> (<a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kamala Harris</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Speaker of the United States House of Representatives">Speaker of the House of Representatives</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mike_Johnson" title="Mike Johnson">Mike Johnson</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_pro_tempore_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="President pro tempore of the United States Senate">President pro tempore of the Senate</a> (<a href="/wiki/Patty_Murray" title="Patty Murray">Patty Murray</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a> (<a href="/wiki/Antony_Blinken" title="Antony Blinken">Antony Blinken</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Secretary of the Treasury">Secretary of the Treasury</a> (<a href="/wiki/Janet_Yellen" title="Janet Yellen">Janet Yellen</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Defense" title="United States Secretary of Defense">Secretary of Defense</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Austin" title="Lloyd Austin">Lloyd Austin</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney_General" title="United States Attorney General">Attorney General</a> (<a href="/wiki/Merrick_Garland" title="Merrick Garland">Merrick Garland</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Interior" title="United States Secretary of the Interior">Secretary of the Interior</a> (<a href="/wiki/Deb_Haaland" title="Deb Haaland">Deb Haaland</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Agriculture" title="United States Secretary of Agriculture">Secretary of Agriculture</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tom_Vilsack" title="Tom Vilsack">Tom Vilsack</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Commerce" title="United States Secretary of Commerce">Secretary of Commerce</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gina_Raimondo" title="Gina Raimondo">Gina Raimondo</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Labor" title="United States Secretary of Labor">Secretary of Labor</a> (<a href="/wiki/Julie_Su" title="Julie Su">Julie Su</a> (acting)**)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Health_and_Human_Services" title="United States Secretary of Health and Human Services">Secretary of Health and Human Services</a> (<a href="/wiki/Xavier_Becerra" title="Xavier Becerra">Xavier Becerra</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Housing_and_Urban_Development" title="United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development">Secretary of Housing and Urban Development</a> (<a href="/wiki/Adrianne_Todman" title="Adrianne Todman">Adrianne Todman</a> (acting)**)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Transportation" title="United States Secretary of Transportation">Secretary of Transportation</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pete_Buttigieg" title="Pete Buttigieg">Pete Buttigieg</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Energy" title="United States Secretary of Energy">Secretary of Energy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Granholm" title="Jennifer Granholm">Jennifer Granholm</a>*)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Education" title="United States Secretary of Education">Secretary of Education</a> (<a href="/wiki/Miguel_Cardona" title="Miguel Cardona">Miguel Cardona</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Veterans_Affairs" title="United States Secretary of Veterans Affairs">Secretary of Veterans Affairs</a> (<a href="/wiki/Denis_McDonough" title="Denis McDonough">Denis McDonough</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Homeland_Security" title="United States Secretary of Homeland Security">Secretary of Homeland Security</a> (<a href="/wiki/Alejandro_Mayorkas" title="Alejandro Mayorkas">Alejandro Mayorkas</a>*)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>* Ineligible to <a href="/wiki/Acting_President_of_the_United_States" title="Acting President of the United States">act as president</a> • ** Ambiguity exists concerning eligibility to act as president</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cabinet_of_President_Joe_Biden_(2021–present)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Biden_cabinet" title="Template:Biden cabinet"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Biden_cabinet" title="Template talk:Biden cabinet"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Biden_cabinet" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Biden cabinet"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cabinet_of_President_Joe_Biden_(2021–present)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Joe_Biden" title="Cabinet of Joe Biden">Cabinet</a> of <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> (2021–present)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div id="Cabinet" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Cabinet</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kamala Harris</a> (2021–present)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="16" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Joe_Biden_presidential_portrait_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Joe_Biden_presidential_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/100px-Joe_Biden_presidential_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Joe_Biden_presidential_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Joe_Biden_presidential_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Joe_Biden_presidential_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-Joe_Biden_presidential_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1491" data-file-height="1988" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antony_Blinken" title="Antony Blinken">Antony Blinken</a> (2021–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Secretary of the Treasury">Secretary of the Treasury</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Janet_Yellen" title="Janet Yellen">Janet Yellen</a> (2021–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Defense" title="United States Secretary of Defense">Secretary of Defense</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Austin" title="Lloyd Austin">Lloyd Austin</a> (2021–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney_General" title="United States Attorney General">Attorney General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Merrick_Garland" title="Merrick Garland">Merrick Garland</a> (2021–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Interior" title="United States Secretary of the Interior">Secretary of the Interior</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deb_Haaland" title="Deb Haaland">Deb Haaland</a> (2021–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Agriculture" title="United States Secretary of Agriculture">Secretary of Agriculture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Vilsack" title="Tom Vilsack">Tom Vilsack</a> (2021–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Commerce" title="United States Secretary of Commerce">Secretary of Commerce</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gina_Raimondo" title="Gina Raimondo">Gina Raimondo</a> (2021–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Labor" title="United States Secretary of Labor">Secretary of Labor</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marty_Walsh" title="Marty Walsh">Marty Walsh</a> (2021–2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julie_Su" title="Julie Su">Julie Su</a> (acting) (2023–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Health_and_Human_Services" title="United States Secretary of Health and Human Services">Secretary of Health and Human Services</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xavier_Becerra" title="Xavier Becerra">Xavier Becerra</a> (2021–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Housing_and_Urban_Development" title="United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development">Secretary of Housing and Urban Development</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marcia_Fudge" title="Marcia Fudge">Marcia Fudge</a> (2021–2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrianne_Todman" title="Adrianne Todman">Adrianne Todman</a> (acting) (2024–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Transportation" title="United States Secretary of Transportation">Secretary of Transportation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pete_Buttigieg" title="Pete Buttigieg">Pete Buttigieg</a> (2021–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Energy" title="United States Secretary of Energy">Secretary of Energy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Granholm" title="Jennifer Granholm">Jennifer Granholm</a> (2021–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Education" title="United States Secretary of Education">Secretary of Education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_Cardona" title="Miguel Cardona">Miguel Cardona</a> (2021–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Veterans_Affairs" title="United States Secretary of Veterans Affairs">Secretary of Veterans Affairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Denis_McDonough" title="Denis McDonough">Denis McDonough</a> (2021–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Homeland_Security" title="United States Secretary of Homeland Security">Secretary of Homeland Security</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alejandro_Mayorkas" title="Alejandro Mayorkas">Alejandro Mayorkas</a> (2021–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Cabinet-level" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Cabinet-level</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Administrator_of_the_Environmental_Protection_Agency" title="Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency">Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_S._Regan" title="Michael S. Regan">Michael S. Regan</a> (2021–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Management_and_Budget" title="Office of Management and Budget">Director of the Office of Management and Budget</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shalanda_Young" title="Shalanda Young">Shalanda Young</a> (2021–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Director_of_National_Intelligence" title="Director of National Intelligence">Director of National Intelligence</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avril_Haines" title="Avril Haines">Avril Haines</a> (2021–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Director_of_the_Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Director of the Central Intelligence Agency">Director of the Central Intelligence Agency</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_J._Burns_(diplomat)" title="William J. Burns (diplomat)">William J. Burns</a> (2023–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_United_States_Trade_Representative" title="Office of the United States Trade Representative">Trade Representative</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Tai" title="Katherine Tai">Katherine Tai</a> (2021–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_the_United_States_to_the_United_Nations" title="List of ambassadors of the United States to the United Nations">Ambassador to the United Nations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linda_Thomas-Greenfield" title="Linda Thomas-Greenfield">Linda Thomas-Greenfield</a> (2021–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Economic_Advisers" title="Council of Economic Advisers">Chair of the Council of Economic Advisers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cecilia_Rouse" title="Cecilia Rouse">Cecilia Rouse</a> (2021–2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jared_Bernstein" title="Jared Bernstein">Jared Bernstein</a> (2023–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Administrator_of_the_Small_Business_Administration" title="Administrator of the Small Business Administration">Administrator of the Small Business Administration</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isabel_Guzman" title="Isabel Guzman">Isabel Guzman</a> (2021–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Science_and_Technology_Policy" title="Office of Science and Technology Policy">Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Lander" title="Eric Lander">Eric Lander</a> (2021–2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arati_Prabhakar" title="Arati Prabhakar">Arati Prabhakar</a> (2022–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/White_House_Chief_of_Staff" title="White House Chief of Staff">White House Chief of Staff</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Klain" title="Ron Klain">Ron Klain</a> (2021–2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Zients" title="Jeff Zients">Jeff Zients</a> (2023–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>See also: <a href="/wiki/Political_appointments_by_Joe_Biden" class="mw-redirect" title="Political appointments by Joe Biden">Political appointments by Joe Biden</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Members_of_the_Cabinet_of_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Current_U.S._Cabinet" title="Template:Current U.S. Cabinet"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Current_U.S._Cabinet" title="Template talk:Current U.S. Cabinet"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Current_U.S._Cabinet" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Current U.S. Cabinet"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Members_of_the_Cabinet_of_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Members of the <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_United_States" title="Cabinet of the United States">Cabinet of the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cabinet members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:center;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Biden</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Harris</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Austin" title="Lloyd Austin">Austin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xavier_Becerra" title="Xavier Becerra">Becerra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antony_Blinken" title="Antony Blinken">Blinken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pete_Buttigieg" title="Pete Buttigieg">Buttigieg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_Cardona" title="Miguel Cardona">Cardona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merrick_Garland" title="Merrick Garland">Garland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Granholm" title="Jennifer Granholm">Granholm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deb_Haaland" title="Deb Haaland">Haaland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alejandro_Mayorkas" title="Alejandro Mayorkas">Mayorkas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_McDonough" title="Denis McDonough">McDonough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gina_Raimondo" title="Gina Raimondo">Raimondo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julie_Su" title="Julie Su">Su</a>a</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrianne_Todman" title="Adrianne Todman">Todman</a>a</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Vilsack" title="Tom Vilsack">Vilsack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_Yellen" title="Janet Yellen">Yellen</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:US-WhiteHouse-Logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="White House Logo"><img alt="White House Logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/US-WhiteHouse-Logo.svg/100px-US-WhiteHouse-Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/US-WhiteHouse-Logo.svg/150px-US-WhiteHouse-Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/US-WhiteHouse-Logo.svg/200px-US-WhiteHouse-Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="83" data-file-height="58" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_United_States#Cabinet-level_officials" title="Cabinet of the United States">Cabinet-level members</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:center;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jared_Bernstein" title="Jared Bernstein">Bernstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_J._Burns_(diplomat)" title="William J. Burns (diplomat)">Burns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabel_Guzman" title="Isabel Guzman">Guzman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avril_Haines" title="Avril Haines">Haines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arati_Prabhakar" title="Arati Prabhakar">Prabhakar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_S._Regan" title="Michael S. Regan">Regan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Tai" title="Katherine Tai">Tai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linda_Thomas-Greenfield" title="Linda Thomas-Greenfield">Thomas-Greenfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shalanda_Young" title="Shalanda Young">Young</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Zients" title="Jeff Zients">Zients</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>a acting <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Joe_Biden" title="Cabinet of Joe Biden">Cabinet of Joe Biden</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Leadership_of_the_United_States_Senate" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_Senate_leaders" title="Template:US Senate leaders"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_Senate_leaders" title="Template talk:US Senate leaders"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_Senate_leaders" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US Senate leaders"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Leadership_of_the_United_States_Senate" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Party leaders of the United States Senate">Leadership</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">President</a>: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kamala Harris</a> (D) <a href="/wiki/President_pro_tempore_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="President pro tempore of the United States Senate">President pro tempore</a>: <a href="/wiki/Patty_Murray" title="Patty Murray">Patty Murray</a> (D)</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold;">Majority (<a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a>)</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;">Minority (<a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a>)</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;width:50%;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Schumer" title="Chuck Schumer">Chuck Schumer</a> (Leader and Caucus Chair)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Durbin" title="Dick Durbin">Dick Durbin</a> (Whip)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debbie_Stabenow" title="Debbie Stabenow">Debbie Stabenow</a> (Policy/Communications Committee Chair)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amy_Klobuchar" title="Amy Klobuchar">Amy Klobuchar</a> (Steering Committee Chair)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Warner" title="Mark Warner">Mark Warner</a> and <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Warren" title="Elizabeth Warren">Elizabeth Warren</a> (Caucus Vice Chairs)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernie_Sanders" title="Bernie Sanders">Bernie Sanders</a> (Outreach Chair)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cory_Booker" title="Cory Booker">Cory Booker</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joe_Manchin" title="Joe Manchin">Joe Manchin</a> (Policy/Communications Committee Vice Chairs)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tammy_Baldwin" title="Tammy Baldwin">Tammy Baldwin</a> (Caucus Secretary)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Peters" title="Gary Peters">Gary Peters</a> (Campaign Committee Chair)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Cortez_Masto" title="Catherine Cortez Masto">Catherine Cortez Masto</a> (Outreach Vice Chair)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Schatz" title="Brian Schatz">Brian Schatz</a> (Caucus Deputy Secretary)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Merkley" title="Jeff Merkley">Jeff Merkley</a> (Chief Deputy Whip)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:50%;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mitch_McConnell" title="Mitch McConnell">Mitch McConnell</a> (Leader)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Thune" title="John Thune">John Thune</a> (Whip)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Barrasso" title="John Barrasso">John Barrasso</a> (Conference Chair)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joni_Ernst" title="Joni Ernst">Joni Ernst</a> (Policy Committee Chair)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelley_Moore_Capito" title="Shelley Moore Capito">Shelley Moore Capito</a> (Conference Vice Chair)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Daines" title="Steve Daines">Steve Daines</a> (Campaign Committee Chair)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Lee" title="Mike Lee">Mike Lee</a> (Steering Committee Chair)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Crapo" title="Mike Crapo">Mike Crapo</a> (Chief Deputy Whip)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Grassley" title="Chuck Grassley">Chuck Grassley</a> (Senate President pro tempore emeritus)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="(←_2016)_2020_United_States_presidential_election_(2024_→)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template:2020 United States presidential election"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template talk:2020 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="Special:EditPage/Template:2020 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="(←_2016)_2020_United_States_presidential_election_(2024_→)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">(<a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="2016 United States presidential election">← 2016</a>) <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">2020 United States presidential election</a> (<a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="2024 United States presidential election">2024 →</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a>, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kamala Harris</a> (D), 306 electoral votes; <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mike_Pence" title="Mike Pence">Mike Pence</a> (R), 232 electoral votes <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_elections" title="2020 United States elections">2020 United States elections</a></li> <li>Polls <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nationwide_opinion_polling_for_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="Nationwide opinion polling for the 2020 United States presidential election">national</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statewide_opinion_polling_for_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="Statewide opinion polling for the 2020 United States presidential election">state</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election_predictions" title="2020 United States presidential election predictions">Predictions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="Timeline of the 2020 United States presidential election">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_debates" title="2020 United States presidential debates">Debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postal_voting_in_the_2020_United_States_elections" title="Postal voting in the 2020 United States elections">Postal voting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_media_in_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="Social media in the 2020 United States presidential election">Social media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fundraising_in_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="Fundraising in the 2020 United States presidential election">Fundraising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_2020_United_States_presidential_electors" title="List of 2020 United States presidential electors">Electors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_United_States_Electoral_College_vote_count" title="2021 United States Electoral College vote count">Electoral College vote count</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Joe_Biden" title="Presidential transition of Joe Biden">Transition</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_Joe_Biden" title="Inauguration of Joe Biden">inauguration</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #3333FF;; font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a> ▌<a href="/wiki/Independent_Party_of_Oregon" title="Independent Party of Oregon">IPO</a> · ▌<a href="/wiki/Working_Families_Party" title="Working Families Party">WFP</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_candidates" title="2020 Democratic Party presidential candidates">Candidates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_debates" title="2020 Democratic Party presidential debates">Debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_forums" title="2020 Democratic Party presidential forums">Forums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Results_of_the_2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Results of the 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Results</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2020 Democratic National Convention">Convention</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_automatic_delegates_at_the_2020_Democratic_National_Convention" title="List of automatic delegates at the 2020 Democratic National Convention">automatic delegates</a>)</li> <li>Polls (<a href="/wiki/Nationwide_opinion_polling_for_the_2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Nationwide opinion polling for the 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries">national</a> · <a href="/wiki/Statewide_opinion_polling_for_the_2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Statewide opinion polling for the 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries">state</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_the_2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_primary_candidates" title="Political positions of the 2020 Democratic Party presidential primary candidates">Positions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endorsements_in_the_2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Endorsements in the 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Endorsements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_Party_vice_presidential_candidate_selection" title="2020 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection">VP candidate selection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biden-Sanders_Unity_Task_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Biden-Sanders Unity Task Forces">Unity Task Forces</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Joe_Biden_2020_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Joe_Biden_2020_presidential_campaign_celebrity_endorsements" title="List of Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign celebrity endorsements">celebrity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Joe_Biden_2020_presidential_campaign_endorsements_from_organizations" title="List of Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign endorsements from organizations">organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Joe_Biden_2020_presidential_campaign_U.S._Congress_endorsements" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign U.S. Congress endorsements">Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Joe_Biden_2020_presidential_campaign_state_and_territorial_legislative_endorsements" title="List of Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign state and territorial legislative endorsements">state & territorial officials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Joe_Biden_2020_presidential_campaign_municipal_endorsements" title="List of Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign municipal endorsements">municipal officials</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Joe_Biden" title="Political positions of Joe Biden">positions</a></li></ul></li> <li>VP nominee: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kamala Harris</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Kamala_Harris" title="Political positions of Kamala Harris">positions</a></li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dt>Withdrew during primaries</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Michael_Bennet" title="Michael Bennet">Michael Bennet</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Michael_Bloomberg" title="Michael Bloomberg">Michael Bloomberg</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Michael_Bloomberg_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Michael Bloomberg 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Michael_Bloomberg_2020_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Michael Bloomberg 2020 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Michael_Bloomberg" title="Political positions of Michael Bloomberg">positions</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Pete_Buttigieg" title="Pete Buttigieg">Pete Buttigieg</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Pete_Buttigieg_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Pete Buttigieg 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Pete_Buttigieg_2020_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Pete Buttigieg 2020 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Pete_Buttigieg" title="Political positions of Pete Buttigieg">positions</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tulsi_Gabbard" title="Tulsi Gabbard">Tulsi Gabbard</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Tulsi_Gabbard_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Tulsi Gabbard 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Tulsi_Gabbard" title="Political positions of Tulsi Gabbard">positions</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Amy_Klobuchar" title="Amy Klobuchar">Amy Klobuchar</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Amy_Klobuchar_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Amy Klobuchar 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Amy_Klobuchar_2020_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Amy Klobuchar 2020 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Amy_Klobuchar" title="Political positions of Amy Klobuchar">positions</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Deval_Patrick" title="Deval Patrick">Deval Patrick</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bernie_Sanders" title="Bernie Sanders">Bernie Sanders</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Bernie_Sanders_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Bernie Sanders 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Bernie_Sanders_2020_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Bernie Sanders 2020 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Bernie_Sanders" title="Political positions of Bernie Sanders">positions</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Media_coverage_of_Bernie_Sanders" title="Media coverage of Bernie Sanders">media coverage</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tom_Steyer" title="Tom Steyer">Tom Steyer</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Warren" title="Elizabeth Warren">Elizabeth Warren</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Warren_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Elizabeth Warren 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Elizabeth_Warren_2020_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Elizabeth Warren 2020 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Elizabeth_Warren" title="Political positions of Elizabeth Warren">positions</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Yang" title="Andrew Yang">Andrew Yang</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Yang_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Andrew Yang 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Andrew_Yang_2020_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Andrew Yang 2020 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></dd></dl></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Withdrew before primaries</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cory_Booker" title="Cory Booker">Cory Booker</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Cory_Booker_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Cory Booker 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Cory_Booker_2020_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Cory Booker 2020 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Cory_Booker" title="Political positions of Cory Booker">positions</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Steve_Bullock_(American_politician)" title="Steve Bullock (American politician)">Steve Bullock</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Julian_Castro" title="Julian Castro">Julian Castro</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bill_de_Blasio" title="Bill de Blasio">Bill de Blasio</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_Delaney_(Maryland_politician)" title="John Delaney (Maryland politician)">John Delaney</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/John_Delaney_2020_presidential_campaign" title="John Delaney 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_John_Delaney" title="Political positions of John Delaney">positions</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kirsten_Gillibrand" title="Kirsten Gillibrand">Kirsten Gillibrand</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Kirsten_Gillibrand" title="Political positions of Kirsten Gillibrand">positions</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ben_Gleib" title="Ben Gleib">Ben Gleib</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mike_Gravel" title="Mike Gravel">Mike Gravel</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Mike_Gravel_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Mike Gravel 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kamala Harris</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Kamala Harris 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Kamala_Harris_2020_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Kamala Harris 2020 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Kamala_Harris" title="Political positions of Kamala Harris">positions</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_Hickenlooper" title="John Hickenlooper">John Hickenlooper</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jay_Inslee" title="Jay Inslee">Jay Inslee</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Jay_Inslee_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Jay Inslee 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wayne_Messam" title="Wayne Messam">Wayne Messam</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Seth_Moulton" title="Seth Moulton">Seth Moulton</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Richard_Ojeda" title="Richard Ojeda">Richard Ojeda</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Beto_O%27Rourke" title="Beto O'Rourke">Beto O'Rourke</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Beto_O%27Rourke_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Beto O'Rourke 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tim_Ryan_(Ohio_politician)" title="Tim Ryan (Ohio politician)">Tim Ryan</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Joe_Sestak" title="Joe Sestak">Joe Sestak</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Eric_Swalwell" title="Eric Swalwell">Eric Swalwell</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Marianne_Williamson" title="Marianne Williamson">Marianne Williamson</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Marianne_Williamson_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Marianne Williamson 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #E81B23;; font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a> ▌<a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_New_York_State" title="Conservative Party of New York State">CPNYS</a> · ▌<a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Right_to_Life_Party" title="New York State Right to Life Party">RTLP</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2020 Republican Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Results_of_the_2020_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Results of the 2020 Republican Party presidential primaries">Results</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Republican_Party_presidential_debates" title="2020 Republican Party presidential debates">Debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Republican_National_Convention" title="2020 Republican National Convention">Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opinion_polling_for_the_2020_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Opinion polling for the 2020 Republican Party presidential primaries">Polls</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Incumbent nominee</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd>endorsements <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Donald_Trump_2020_presidential_campaign_political_endorsements" title="List of Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign political endorsements">political</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Donald_Trump_2020_presidential_campaign_non-political_endorsements" title="List of Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign non-political endorsements">non-political</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Donald_Trump" title="Political positions of Donald Trump">positions</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Republicans_who_opposed_the_Donald_Trump_2020_presidential_campaign" title="List of Republicans who opposed the Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign">GOP opposition</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Republican_reactions_to_Donald_Trump%27s_claims_of_2020_election_fraud" title="Republican reactions to Donald Trump's claims of 2020 election fraud">GOP reactions to fraud claims</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd>Incumbent VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Mike_Pence" title="Mike Pence">Mike Pence</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Withdrew during primaries</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rocky_De_La_Fuente" title="Rocky De La Fuente">Rocky De La Fuente</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bob_Ely" title="Bob Ely">Bob Ely</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jack_Fellure" title="Jack Fellure">Jack Fellure</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Zoltan_Istvan" title="Zoltan Istvan">Zoltan Istvan</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Joe_Walsh_(Illinois_politician)" title="Joe Walsh (Illinois politician)">Joe Walsh</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Joe_Walsh_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Joe Walsh 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bill_Weld" title="Bill Weld">Bill Weld</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Bill_Weld_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Bill Weld 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Withdrew before primaries</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mark_Sanford" title="Mark Sanford">Mark Sanford</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Mark_Sanford_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Mark Sanford 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FED105;"><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_(United_States)" title="Libertarian Party (United States)">Libertarian Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_Libertarian_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2020 Libertarian Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Results_of_the_2020_Libertarian_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Results of the 2020 Libertarian Party presidential primaries">Results</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Libertarian_National_Convention" title="2020 Libertarian National Convention">Convention</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Nominee</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jo_Jorgensen" title="Jo Jorgensen">Jo Jorgensen</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Jo_Jorgensen_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Jo Jorgensen 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Jo_Jorgensen_2020_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Jo Jorgensen 2020 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Spike_Cohen" title="Spike Cohen">Spike Cohen</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Eliminated in balloting</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jim_Gray_(jurist)" title="Jim Gray (jurist)">Jim Gray</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Adam_Kokesh" title="Adam Kokesh">Adam Kokesh</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_McAfee" title="John McAfee">John McAfee</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_Monds" title="John Monds">John Monds</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Vermin_Supreme" title="Vermin Supreme">Vermin Supreme</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Vermin_Supreme_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Vermin Supreme 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Withdrew before or during primaries</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Max_Abramson" title="Max Abramson">Max Abramson</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Chafee" title="Lincoln Chafee">Lincoln Chafee</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Zoltan_Istvan" title="Zoltan Istvan">Zoltan Istvan</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Formed exploratory committee but did not run</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Justin_Amash" title="Justin Amash">Justin Amash</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #17aa5c;; font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_the_United_States" title="Green Party of the United States">Green Party</a> ▌<a href="/wiki/Legal_Marijuana_Now_Party" title="Legal Marijuana Now Party">LMN</a> · ▌<a href="/wiki/Socialist_Alternative_(United_States)" title="Socialist Alternative (United States)">SA</a> · ▌<a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_USA" title="Socialist Party USA">SPUSA</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_Green_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2020 Green Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Results_of_the_2020_Green_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Results of the 2020 Green Party presidential primaries">Results</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Green_Party_presidential_debates_and_forums" title="2020 Green Party presidential debates and forums">Debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Green_National_Convention" title="2020 Green National Convention">Convention</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Howie_Hawkins" title="Howie Hawkins">Howie Hawkins</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Howie_Hawkins_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Howie Hawkins 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Howie_Hawkins_2020_presidential_campaign_endorsements" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Howie Hawkins 2020 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></li></ul></li> <li>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Angela_Nicole_Walker" title="Angela Nicole Walker">Angela Walker</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Withdrew during primaries</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dario_Hunter" title="Dario Hunter">Dario Hunter</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Other candidates</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Ventura" title="Jesse Ventura">Jesse Ventura</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #A356DE;"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Party_(United_States)" title="Constitution Party (United States)">Constitution Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_Constitution_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2020 Constitution Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li> <li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Don_Blankenship" title="Don Blankenship">Don Blankenship</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Other_third-party_candidates" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Third-party_and_independent_candidates_for_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="Third-party and independent candidates for the 2020 United States presidential election">Other third-party candidates</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #385AA3;; font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Alliance_Party_(United_States)" title="Alliance Party (United States)">Alliance Party</a> ▌<a href="/wiki/American_Independent_Party" title="American Independent Party">AIP</a> · ▌<a href="/wiki/Reform_Party_of_the_United_States_of_America" title="Reform Party of the United States of America">Reform</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Rocky_De_La_Fuente" title="Rocky De La Fuente">Rocky De La Fuente</a></li> <li>VP nominee: Darcy Richardson</li> <li>AIP VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Kanye_West" title="Kanye West">Kanye West</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Other candidates</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Max_Abramson" title="Max Abramson">Max Abramson</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Phil_Collins_(politician)" title="Phil Collins (politician)">Phil Collins</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #F37120;"><a href="/wiki/American_Solidarity_Party" title="American Solidarity Party">American Solidarity Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Brian_T._Carroll" title="Brian T. Carroll">Brian T. Carroll</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Other candidates</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Joe_Schriner" title="Joe Schriner">Joe Schriner</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #791a52;"><a href="/wiki/Birthday_Party_(political_party)" class="mw-redirect" title="Birthday Party (political party)">Birthday Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Kanye_West" title="Kanye West">Kanye West</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kanye_West_2020_presidential_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanye West 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Views_of_Kanye_West" title="Views of Kanye West">positions</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 Black;"><a href="/wiki/Bread_and_Roses_(political_party)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bread and Roses (political party)">Bread and Roses</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Segal" title="Jerome Segal">Jerome Segal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 red;; font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Party_for_Socialism_and_Liberation" title="Party for Socialism and Liberation">Party for Socialism & Liberation</a> ▌<a href="/wiki/Liberty_Union_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberty Union Party">LUP</a> · ▌<a href="/wiki/Peace_and_Freedom_Party" title="Peace and Freedom Party">PFP</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Gloria_La_Riva" title="Gloria La Riva">Gloria La Riva</a></li> <li>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Peltier" title="Leonard Peltier">Leonard Peltier</a> (withdrew)</li></ul> <ul><li>Other candidates: <a href="/wiki/Howie_Hawkins" title="Howie Hawkins">Howie Hawkins</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #5FD170;"><a href="/wiki/Oregon_Progressive_Party" title="Oregon Progressive Party">Progressive Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Dario_Hunter" title="Dario Hunter">Dario Hunter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FF00FF;"><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_Party" title="Prohibition Party">Prohibition Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Phil_Collins_(politician)" title="Phil Collins (politician)">Phil Collins</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #CD3700;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Action_(United_States)" title="Socialist Action (United States)">Socialist Action</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Mackler" title="Jeff Mackler">Jeff Mackler</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #D30101;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Equality_Party_(United_States)" title="Socialist Equality Party (United States)">Socialist Equality Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Kishore" title="Joseph Kishore">Joseph Kishore</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #AA0000;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Workers_Party_(United_States)" title="Socialist Workers Party (United States)">Socialist Workers Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Alyson_Kennedy" title="Alyson Kennedy">Alyson Kennedy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #DDDDBB;"><a href="/wiki/Third-party_and_independent_candidates_for_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="Third-party and independent candidates for the 2020 United States presidential election">Independent candidates</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Declared</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/VoiceoverPete" title="VoiceoverPete">Pete Accetturo</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mark_Charles" title="Mark Charles">Mark Charles</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Brock_Pierce" title="Brock Pierce">Brock Pierce</a> (▌<a href="/wiki/Independence_Party_of_New_York" title="Independence Party of New York">IPNY</a> nominee)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jade_Simmons" title="Jade Simmons">Jade Simmons</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Joe_Schriner" title="Joe Schriner">Joe Schriner</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Withdrew</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Perry_Caravello" title="Perry Caravello">Perry Caravello</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Gable" title="Jeremy Gable">Jeremy Gable</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Disputes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Disputes</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Attempts_to_overturn_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election">Attempts to overturn</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%9321_United_States_election_protests" title="2020–21 United States election protests">Protests</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2021_United_States_inauguration_week_protests" title="2021 United States inauguration week protests">during inauguration week</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack" title="January 6 United States Capitol attack">U.S. Capitol attack</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack" title="Timeline of the January 6 United States Capitol attack">timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aftermath_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack" title="Aftermath of the January 6 United States Capitol attack">aftermath</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_impeachment_of_Donald_Trump" title="Second impeachment of Donald Trump">second impeachment of Donald Trump</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_impeachment_trial_of_Donald_Trump" title="Second impeachment trial of Donald Trump">trial</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_6_commission" title="January 6 commission">January 6 commission</a></li></ul></li> <li>reactions <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Domestic_reactions_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack" title="Domestic reactions to the January 6 United States Capitol attack">domestic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack" title="International reactions to the January 6 United States Capitol attack">international</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trump_fake_electors_plot" title="Trump fake electors plot">Trump fake electors plot</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arizona_prosecution_of_fake_electors" title="Arizona prosecution of fake electors">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_election_racketeering_prosecution" title="Georgia election racketeering prosecution">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan_prosecution_of_fake_electors" title="Michigan prosecution of fake electors">Michigan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trump%E2%80%93Raffensperger_phone_call" title="Trump–Raffensperger phone call">Trump–Raffensperger phone call</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastman_memos" title="Eastman memos">Eastman memos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lawsuits</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pre-election_lawsuits_related_to_the_2020_U.S._presidential_election" title="Pre-election lawsuits related to the 2020 U.S. presidential election">Filed before Election Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-election_lawsuits_related_to_the_2020_U.S._presidential_election" title="Post-election lawsuits related to the 2020 U.S. presidential election">Filed during or after Election Day</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Post-election_lawsuits_related_to_the_2020_U.S._presidential_election_from_Arizona" title="Post-election lawsuits related to the 2020 U.S. presidential election from Arizona">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-election_lawsuits_related_to_the_2020_U.S._presidential_election_from_Georgia" title="Post-election lawsuits related to the 2020 U.S. presidential election from Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-election_lawsuits_related_to_the_2020_U.S._presidential_election_from_Michigan" title="Post-election lawsuits related to the 2020 U.S. presidential election from Michigan">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-election_lawsuits_related_to_the_2020_U.S._presidential_election_from_Nevada" title="Post-election lawsuits related to the 2020 U.S. presidential election from Nevada">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-election_lawsuits_related_to_the_2020_U.S._presidential_election_from_Pennsylvania" title="Post-election lawsuits related to the 2020 U.S. presidential election from Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-election_lawsuits_related_to_the_2020_U.S._presidential_election_from_Wisconsin" title="Post-election lawsuits related to the 2020 U.S. presidential election from Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_v._Pennsylvania" title="Texas v. Pennsylvania">Texas v. Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Seasons_Total_Landscaping_press_conference" title="Four Seasons Total Landscaping press conference">Four Seasons Total Landscaping press conference</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Controversies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_interference_in_the_2020_United_States_elections" title="Russian interference in the 2020 United States elections">Russian interference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_efforts_to_restrict_voting_following_the_2020_presidential_election" title="Republican efforts to restrict voting following the 2020 presidential election">Voting restrictions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="(←_2020)_2024_United_States_presidential_election_(2028_→)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template:2024 United States presidential election"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template talk:2024 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="Special:EditPage/Template:2024 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="(←_2020)_2024_United_States_presidential_election_(2028_→)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">(<a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">← 2020</a>) <a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="2024 United States presidential election">2024 United States presidential election</a> (<a href="/wiki/2028_United_States_presidential_election" title="2028 United States presidential election">2028 →</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_elections" title="2024 United States elections">2024 United States elections</a></li> <li>Polls <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nationwide_opinion_polling_for_the_2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="Nationwide opinion polling for the 2024 United States presidential election">national</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statewide_opinion_polling_for_the_2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="Statewide opinion polling for the 2024 United States presidential election">state</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="Timeline of the 2024 United States presidential election">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_debates" title="2024 United States presidential debates">Debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fundraising_in_the_2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="Fundraising in the 2024 United States presidential election">Fundraising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballot_access_in_the_2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="Ballot access in the 2024 United States presidential election">Ballot access</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_interference_in_the_2024_United_States_elections" title="Foreign interference in the 2024 United States elections">Interference</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_interference_in_the_2024_United_States_elections" title="Chinese interference in the 2024 United States elections">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_interference_in_the_2024_United_States_elections" title="Iranian interference in the 2024 United States elections">Iranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_interference_in_the_2024_United_States_elections" title="Russian interference in the 2024 United States elections">Russian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_presidential_transition_of_Donald_Trump" title="Second presidential transition of Donald Trump">Transition</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Donald_Trump" title="Second inauguration of Donald Trump">inauguration</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: right;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #3333FF;; font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a> ▌<a href="/wiki/Working_Families_Party" title="Working Families Party">WFP</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2024_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2024 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Democratic_Party_presidential_candidates" title="2024 Democratic Party presidential candidates">Candidates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Democratic_Party_presidential_debates_and_forums" title="2024 Democratic Party presidential debates and forums">Debates and forums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Results_of_the_2024_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Results of the 2024 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Results</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2024 Democratic National Convention">Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opinion_polling_for_the_2024_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Opinion polling for the 2024 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Polls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Democratic_Party_vice_presidential_candidate_selection" title="2024 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection">VP candidate selection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war_protest_vote_movements" title="Israel–Hamas war protest vote movements">Protest votes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/2024_Democratic_Party_presidential_candidates" title="2024 Democratic Party presidential candidates">Candidates</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kamala Harris</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris_2024_presidential_campaign" title="Kamala Harris 2024 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Kamala_Harris_2024_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Kamala Harris 2024 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Kamala_Harris_2024_presidential_campaign_political_endorsements" title="List of Kamala Harris 2024 presidential campaign political endorsements">political</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Kamala_Harris_2024_presidential_campaign_non-political_endorsements" title="List of Kamala Harris 2024 presidential campaign non-political endorsements">non-political</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haley_Voters_for_Harris" title="Haley Voters for Harris">Haley Voters for Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Dudes_for_Harris" title="White Dudes for Harris">White Dudes for Harris</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Kamala_Harris" title="Political positions of Kamala Harris">positions</a></li></ul></li> <li>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Tim_Walz" title="Tim Walz">Tim Walz</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Withdrew after primaries</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden_2024_presidential_campaign" title="Joe Biden 2024 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Joe_Biden_2024_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Joe Biden 2024 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Democrats_who_opposed_the_Joe_Biden_2024_presidential_campaign" title="List of Democrats who opposed the Joe Biden 2024 presidential campaign">opposition</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Joe_Biden" title="Political positions of Joe Biden">positions</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_of_Joe_Biden_from_the_2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="Withdrawal of Joe Biden from the 2024 United States presidential election">withdrawal</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Marianne_Williamson" title="Marianne Williamson">Marianne Williamson</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Marianne_Williamson_2024_presidential_campaign" title="Marianne Williamson 2024 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Withdrew during primaries</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jason_Palmer_(politician)" title="Jason Palmer (politician)">Jason Palmer</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dean_Phillips" title="Dean Phillips">Dean Phillips</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Dean_Phillips_2024_presidential_campaign" title="Dean Phillips 2024 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Vermin_Supreme" title="Vermin Supreme">Vermin Supreme</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cenk_Uygur" title="Cenk Uygur">Cenk Uygur</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Withdrew before primaries</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy_Jr." title="Robert F. Kennedy Jr.">Robert F. Kennedy Jr.</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jerome_Segal" title="Jerome Segal">Jerome Segal</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: right;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #E81B23;; font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a> ▌<a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_New_York_State" title="Conservative Party of New York State">CPNYS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2024_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2024 Republican Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Republican_Party_presidential_candidates" title="2024 Republican Party presidential candidates">Candidates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Republican_Party_presidential_debates_and_forums" title="2024 Republican Party presidential debates and forums">Debates and forums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Results_of_the_2024_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Results of the 2024 Republican Party presidential primaries">Results</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Republican_National_Convention" title="2024 Republican National Convention">Convention</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Logistics_of_the_2024_Republican_National_Convention" title="Logistics of the 2024 Republican National Convention">logistics</a></li></ul></li> <li>Polls <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nationwide_opinion_polling_for_the_2024_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Nationwide opinion polling for the 2024 Republican Party presidential primaries">national</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statewide_opinion_polling_for_the_2024_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Statewide opinion polling for the 2024 Republican Party presidential primaries">state</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endorsements_in_the_2024_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Endorsements in the 2024 Republican Party presidential primaries">Endorsements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Republican_Party_vice_presidential_candidate_selection" title="2024 Republican Party vice presidential candidate selection">VP candidate selection</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/2024_Republican_Party_presidential_candidates" title="2024 Republican Party presidential candidates">Candidates</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_2024_presidential_campaign" title="Donald Trump 2024 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_eligibility_of_Donald_Trump" title="Presidential eligibility of Donald Trump">eligibility</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trump_v._Anderson" title="Trump v. Anderson">Trump v. Anderson</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Donald_Trump_2024_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Donald Trump 2024 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Donald_Trump_2024_presidential_campaign_political_endorsements" title="List of Donald Trump 2024 presidential campaign political endorsements">political</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Donald_Trump_2024_presidential_campaign_non-political_endorsements" title="List of Donald Trump 2024 presidential campaign non-political endorsements">non-political</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Republicans_who_oppose_the_Donald_Trump_2024_presidential_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Republicans who oppose the Donald Trump 2024 presidential campaign">opposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Donald_Trump" title="Political positions of Donald Trump">positions</a></li></ul></li> <li>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/JD_Vance" title="JD Vance">JD Vance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_JD_Vance" title="Political positions of JD Vance">positions</a></li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dt>Withdrew during primaries</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ryan_Binkley" title="Ryan Binkley">Ryan Binkley</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_Anthony_Castro" title="John Anthony Castro">John Anthony Castro</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ron_DeSantis" title="Ron DeSantis">Ron DeSantis</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Ron_DeSantis_2024_presidential_campaign" title="Ron DeSantis 2024 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ron_DeSantis_2024_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Ron DeSantis 2024 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Ron_DeSantis" title="Political positions of Ron DeSantis">positions</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nikki_Haley" title="Nikki Haley">Nikki Haley</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Nikki_Haley_2024_presidential_campaign" title="Nikki Haley 2024 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nikki_Haley_2024_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Nikki Haley 2024 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Nikki_Haley" title="Political positions of Nikki Haley">positions</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Asa_Hutchinson" title="Asa Hutchinson">Asa Hutchinson</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Asa_Hutchinson_2024_presidential_campaign" title="Asa Hutchinson 2024 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/E._W._Jackson" title="E. W. Jackson">E. W. Jackson</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Vivek_Ramaswamy" title="Vivek Ramaswamy">Vivek Ramaswamy</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Vivek_Ramaswamy_2024_presidential_campaign" title="Vivek Ramaswamy 2024 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sam_Sloan" title="Sam Sloan">Sam Sloan</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Withdrew before primaries</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Doug_Burgum" title="Doug Burgum">Doug Burgum</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Doug_Burgum_2024_presidential_campaign" title="Doug Burgum 2024 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chris_Christie" title="Chris Christie">Chris Christie</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Chris_Christie_2024_presidential_campaign" title="Chris Christie 2024 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Larry_Elder" title="Larry Elder">Larry Elder</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Will_Hurd" title="Will Hurd">Will Hurd</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Perry_Johnson_(businessman)" title="Perry Johnson (businessman)">Perry Johnson</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Steve_Laffey" title="Steve Laffey">Steve Laffey</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mike_Pence" title="Mike Pence">Mike Pence</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Mike_Pence_2024_presidential_campaign" title="Mike Pence 2024 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Mike_Pence" title="Political positions of Mike Pence">positions</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tim_Scott" title="Tim Scott">Tim Scott</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Tim_Scott_2024_presidential_campaign" title="Tim Scott 2024 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Corey_Stapleton" title="Corey Stapleton">Corey Stapleton</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Francis_Suarez" title="Francis Suarez">Francis Suarez</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: right;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FED105;"><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_(United_States)" title="Libertarian Party (United States)">Libertarian Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2024_Libertarian_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2024 Libertarian Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Libertarian_National_Convention" title="2024 Libertarian National Convention">Convention</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Chase_Oliver" title="Chase Oliver">Chase Oliver</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chase_Oliver_2024_presidential_campaign" title="Chase Oliver 2024 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Mike_ter_Maat" title="Mike ter Maat">Mike ter Maat</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Eliminated in balloting</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy_Jr." title="Robert F. Kennedy Jr.">Robert F. Kennedy Jr.</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Art_Olivier" title="Art Olivier">Art Olivier</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Michael_Rectenwald" title="Michael Rectenwald">Michael Rectenwald</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mike_ter_Maat" title="Mike ter Maat">Mike ter Maat</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Withdrew before primaries</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Joe_Exotic" title="Joe Exotic">Joe Exotic</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Other candidates</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy_Jr." title="Robert F. Kennedy Jr.">Robert F. Kennedy Jr.</a> (<a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_of_Colorado" title="Libertarian Party of Colorado">LPCO</a> · <a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_of_New_Hampshire" title="Libertarian Party of New Hampshire">LPNH</a>)</dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: right;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #17aa5c;; font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_the_United_States" title="Green Party of the United States">Green Party</a> ▌<a href="/wiki/Kentucky_Party" title="Kentucky Party">KP</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2024_Green_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2024 Green Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Green_National_Convention" title="2024 Green National Convention">Convention</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Jill_Stein" title="Jill Stein">Jill Stein</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jill_Stein_2024_presidential_campaign" title="Jill Stein 2024 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Jill_Stein_2024_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Jill Stein 2024 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></li></ul></li> <li>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Butch_Ware" title="Butch Ware">Butch Ware</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Withdrew after primaries</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Randy_Toler" title="Randy Toler">Randy Toler</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Withdrew before primaries</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Emanuel_Pastreich" title="Emanuel Pastreich">Emanuel Pastreich</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cornel_West" title="Cornel West">Cornel West</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: right;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #DDDDBB;; font-weight:normal">Independent ▌<a href="/wiki/Green_Mountain_Peace_and_Justice_Party" title="Green Mountain Peace and Justice Party">GMPJ</a> · ▌<a href="/wiki/Nebraska_Legal_Marijuana_NOW_Party" title="Nebraska Legal Marijuana NOW Party">NLMN</a> · ▌<a href="/wiki/Oregon_Progressive_Party" title="Oregon Progressive Party">OPP</a> ▌<a href="/wiki/Socialist_Alternative_(United_States)" title="Socialist Alternative (United States)">SA</a> · ▌<a href="/wiki/United_Citizens_Party" title="United Citizens Party">UCP</a> · ▌<a href="/wiki/Unity_Party_of_America" title="Unity Party of America">UPC</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Candidate: <a href="/wiki/Cornel_West" title="Cornel West">Cornel West</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cornel_West_2024_presidential_campaign" title="Cornel West 2024 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li>Running mate: <a href="/wiki/Melina_Abdullah" title="Melina Abdullah">Melina Abdullah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: right;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #DDDDBB;; font-weight:normal">Independent (withdrawn) ▌<a href="/wiki/Alliance_Party_(United_States)" title="Alliance Party (United States)">AP</a> · ▌<a href="/wiki/American_Independent_Party" title="American Independent Party">AIP</a> · ▌<a href="/wiki/Independent_Party_of_Delaware" title="Independent Party of Delaware">IPoD</a> ▌<a href="/wiki/Natural_Law_Party_(United_States)" title="Natural Law Party (United States)">NLP</a> · ▌<a href="/wiki/Reform_Party_of_the_United_States_of_America" title="Reform Party of the United States of America">RPUSA</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Candidate: <a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy_Jr." title="Robert F. Kennedy Jr.">Robert F. Kennedy Jr.</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy_Jr._2024_presidential_campaign" title="Robert F. Kennedy Jr. 2024 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Reform_National_Convention" title="2024 Reform National Convention">Reform Convention</a></li></ul></li> <li>Running mate: <a href="/wiki/Nicole_Shanahan" title="Nicole Shanahan">Nicole Shanahan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Other_third-party_candidates" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other <a href="/wiki/Third-party_and_independent_candidates_for_the_2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="Third-party and independent candidates for the 2024 United States presidential election">third-party candidates</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #F37120;"><a href="/wiki/American_Solidarity_Party" title="American Solidarity Party">American Solidarity Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Sonski" title="Peter Sonski">Peter Sonski</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Sonski_2024_presidential_campaign" title="Peter Sonski 2024 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dt>Other candidates</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Joe_Schriner" title="Joe Schriner">Joe Schriner</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #A356DE;"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Party_(United_States)" title="Constitution Party (United States)">Constitution Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/2024_Constitution_National_Convention" title="2024 Constitution National Convention">Convention</a></dd></dl> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Randall_Terry" title="Randall Terry">Randall Terry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Randall_Terry_2024_presidential_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Randall Terry 2024 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Broden" title="Stephen Broden">Stephen Broden</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Other candidates</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Joel_Skousen" title="Joel Skousen">Joel Skousen</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #c49334;"><a href="/wiki/Independent_American_Party_of_Nevada" title="Independent American Party of Nevada">Independent American Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Joel_Skousen" title="Joel Skousen">Joel Skousen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #50C878;"><a href="/wiki/Legal_Marijuana_Now_Party" title="Legal Marijuana Now Party">Legal Marijuana Now Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/2024_Minnesota_Legal_Marijuana_Now_presidential_primary" title="2024 Minnesota Legal Marijuana Now presidential primary">Primary</a></dd></dl> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Schuller" class="mw-redirect" title="Dennis Schuller">Dennis Schuller</a></li> <li>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Rudy_Reyes_(activist)" title="Rudy Reyes (activist)">Rudy Reyes</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Other candidates</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ed_Forchion" title="Ed Forchion">Ed Forchion</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Krystal_Gabel" title="Krystal Gabel">Krystal Gabel</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rudy_Reyes_(activist)" title="Rudy Reyes (activist)">Rudy Reyes</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Vermin_Supreme" title="Vermin Supreme">Vermin Supreme</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #0b106b;"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_USA" title="Liberal Party USA">Liberal Party USA</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Laura_Ebke" title="Laura Ebke">Laura Ebke</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #9258B0;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Pirate_Party" title="United States Pirate Party">Pirate Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Vermin_Supreme" title="Vermin Supreme">Vermin Supreme</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FFF53B;"><a href="/wiki/Party_Party_of_Rhode_Island" title="Party Party of Rhode Island">Party Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Robby_Wells" title="Robby Wells">Robby Wells</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 red;; font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Party_for_Socialism_and_Liberation" title="Party for Socialism and Liberation">Party for Socialism & Liberation</a> ▌<a href="/wiki/Peace_and_Freedom_Party" title="Peace and Freedom Party">PFP</a> · ▌<a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_Workers_Party" title="South Carolina Workers Party">SCW</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Claudia_De_la_Cruz" title="Claudia De la Cruz">Claudia De la Cruz</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Claudia_De_la_Cruz_2024_presidential_campaign" title="Claudia De la Cruz 2024 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #D30101;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Equality_Party_(United_States)" title="Socialist Equality Party (United States)">Socialist Equality Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Kishore" title="Joseph Kishore">Joseph Kishore</a></li> <li>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Jerry_White_(socialist)" title="Jerry White (socialist)">Jerry White</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #AA0000;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Workers_Party_(United_States)" title="Socialist Workers Party (United States)">Socialist Workers Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Rachele_Fruit" title="Rachele Fruit">Rachele Fruit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #ADD8E6;"><a href="/wiki/Unity_Party_of_America" title="Unity Party of America">Unity Party of America</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Noel_Fiorino" title="Paul Noel Fiorino">Paul Noel Fiorino</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #DDDDBB;">Other independent candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Declared</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Shiva_Ayyadurai" title="Shiva Ayyadurai">Shiva Ayyadurai</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Buss" title="Johnny Buss">Johnny Buss</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Afroman" title="Afroman">Joseph "Afroman" Foreman</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tom_Hoefling" title="Tom Hoefling">Tom Hoefling</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Taylor_Marshall" title="Taylor Marshall">Taylor Marshall</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Emanuel_Pastreich" title="Emanuel Pastreich">Emanuel Pastreich</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Withdrew</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Krist_Novoselic" title="Krist Novoselic">Krist Novoselic</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kanye_West" title="Kanye West">Kanye West</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Kanye_West_2024_presidential_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanye West 2024 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Views_of_Kanye_West" title="Views of Kanye West">positions</a></dd></dl></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Disputes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Disputes</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Controversies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_efforts_to_disrupt_the_2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="Republican Party efforts to disrupt the 2024 United States presidential election">Republican Party efforts to disrupt the 2024 United States presidential election</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Election_denial_movement_in_the_United_States#2024" title="Election denial movement in the United States">Election denial</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Unsuccessful_major_party_candidates_for_President_of_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Unsuccessful_major_party_pres_candidates" title="Template:Unsuccessful major party pres candidates"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Unsuccessful_major_party_pres_candidates" title="Template talk:Unsuccessful major party pres candidates"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Unsuccessful_major_party_pres_candidates" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Unsuccessful major party pres candidates"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Unsuccessful_major_party_candidates_for_President_of_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_unsuccessful_major_party_candidates_for_President_of_the_United_States" title="List of unsuccessful major party candidates for President of the United States">Unsuccessful major party candidates for President of the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left; white-space:nowrap; padding-top:.3em; padding-bottom:.6em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 18em;"> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a> (<a href="/wiki/1796_United_States_presidential_election" title="1796 United States presidential election">1796</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Adams" title="John Adams">John Adams</a> (<a href="/wiki/1800_United_States_presidential_election" title="1800 United States presidential election">1800</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Cotesworth_Pinckney" title="Charles Cotesworth Pinckney">Charles C. Pinckney</a> (<a href="/wiki/1804_United_States_presidential_election" title="1804 United States presidential election">1804</a>, <a href="/wiki/1808_United_States_presidential_election" title="1808 United States presidential election">1808</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DeWitt_Clinton" title="DeWitt Clinton">DeWitt Clinton</a> (<a href="/wiki/1812_United_States_presidential_election" title="1812 United States presidential election">1812</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rufus_King" title="Rufus King">Rufus King</a> (<a href="/wiki/1816_United_States_presidential_election" title="1816 United States presidential election">1816</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson" title="Andrew Jackson">Andrew Jackson</a> (<a href="/wiki/1824_United_States_presidential_election" title="1824 United States presidential election">1824</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Crawford" title="William H. Crawford">William H. Crawford</a> (<a href="/wiki/1824_United_States_presidential_election" title="1824 United States presidential election">1824</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Clay" title="Henry Clay">Henry Clay</a> (<a href="/wiki/1824_United_States_presidential_election" title="1824 United States presidential election">1824</a>, <a href="/wiki/1832_United_States_presidential_election" title="1832 United States presidential election">1832</a>, <a href="/wiki/1844_United_States_presidential_election" title="1844 United States presidential election">1844</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams" title="John Quincy Adams">John Quincy Adams</a> (<a href="/wiki/1828_United_States_presidential_election" title="1828 United States presidential election">1828</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Harrison" title="William Henry Harrison">William Henry Harrison</a> (<a href="/wiki/1836_United_States_presidential_election" title="1836 United States presidential election">1836</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Lawson_White" title="Hugh Lawson White">Hugh Lawson White</a> (<a href="/wiki/1836_United_States_presidential_election" title="1836 United States presidential election">1836</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Van_Buren" title="Martin Van Buren">Martin Van Buren</a> (<a href="/wiki/1840_United_States_presidential_election" title="1840 United States presidential election">1840</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Cass" title="Lewis Cass">Lewis Cass</a> (<a href="/wiki/1848_United_States_presidential_election" title="1848 United States presidential election">1848</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winfield_Scott" title="Winfield Scott">Winfield Scott</a> (<a href="/wiki/1852_United_States_presidential_election" title="1852 United States presidential election">1852</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_C._Fr%C3%A9mont" title="John C. Frémont">John C. Frémont</a> (<a href="/wiki/1856_United_States_presidential_election" title="1856 United States presidential election">1856</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_A._Douglas" title="Stephen A. Douglas">Stephen A. Douglas</a> (<a href="/wiki/1860_United_States_presidential_election" title="1860 United States presidential election">1860</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_B._McClellan" title="George B. McClellan">George B. McClellan</a> (<a href="/wiki/George_McClellan_1864_presidential_campaign" title="George McClellan 1864 presidential campaign">1864</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horatio_Seymour" title="Horatio Seymour">Horatio Seymour</a> (<a href="/wiki/Horatio_Seymour_1868_presidential_campaign" title="Horatio Seymour 1868 presidential campaign">1868</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horace_Greeley" title="Horace Greeley">Horace Greeley</a> (<a href="/wiki/Horace_Greeley_1872_presidential_campaign" title="Horace Greeley 1872 presidential campaign">1872</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_J._Tilden" title="Samuel J. Tilden">Samuel J. Tilden</a> (<a href="/wiki/Samuel_Tilden_1876_presidential_campaign" title="Samuel Tilden 1876 presidential campaign">1876</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winfield_Scott_Hancock" title="Winfield Scott Hancock">Winfield Scott Hancock</a> (<a href="/wiki/Winfield_Scott_Hancock_1880_presidential_campaign" title="Winfield Scott Hancock 1880 presidential campaign">1880</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_G._Blaine" title="James G. Blaine">James G. Blaine</a> (<a href="/wiki/1884_United_States_presidential_election" title="1884 United States presidential election">1884</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland" title="Grover Cleveland">Grover Cleveland</a> (<a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland_1888_presidential_campaign" title="Grover Cleveland 1888 presidential campaign">1888</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Harrison" title="Benjamin Harrison">Benjamin Harrison</a> (<a href="/wiki/1892_United_States_presidential_election" title="1892 United States presidential election">1892</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan" title="William Jennings Bryan">William J. Bryan</a> (<a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan_1896_presidential_campaign" title="William Jennings Bryan 1896 presidential campaign">1896</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan_1900_presidential_campaign" title="William Jennings Bryan 1900 presidential campaign">1900</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan_1908_presidential_campaign" title="William Jennings Bryan 1908 presidential campaign">1908</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alton_B._Parker" title="Alton B. Parker">Alton B. Parker</a> (<a href="/wiki/Alton_B._Parker_1904_presidential_campaign" title="Alton B. Parker 1904 presidential campaign">1904</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Taft" title="William Howard Taft">William Howard Taft</a> (<a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election" title="1912 United States presidential election">1912</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Evans_Hughes" title="Charles Evans Hughes">Charles Evans Hughes</a> (<a href="/wiki/1916_United_States_presidential_election" title="1916 United States presidential election">1916</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_M._Cox" title="James M. Cox">James M. Cox</a> (<a href="/wiki/1920_United_States_presidential_election" title="1920 United States presidential election">1920</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Davis" title="John W. Davis">John W. Davis</a> (<a href="/wiki/1924_United_States_presidential_election" title="1924 United States presidential election">1924</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Smith" title="Al Smith">Al Smith</a> (<a href="/wiki/Al_Smith_1928_presidential_campaign" title="Al Smith 1928 presidential campaign">1928</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Hoover" title="Herbert Hoover">Herbert Hoover</a> (<a href="/wiki/1932_United_States_presidential_election" title="1932 United States presidential election">1932</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alf_Landon" title="Alf Landon">Alf Landon</a> (<a href="/wiki/1936_United_States_presidential_election" title="1936 United States presidential election">1936</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wendell_Willkie" title="Wendell Willkie">Wendell Willkie</a> (<a href="/wiki/1940_United_States_presidential_election" title="1940 United States presidential election">1940</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_E._Dewey" title="Thomas E. Dewey">Thomas E. Dewey</a> (<a href="/wiki/1944_United_States_presidential_election" title="1944 United States presidential election">1944</a>, <a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_presidential_election" title="1948 United States presidential election">1948</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adlai_Stevenson_II" title="Adlai Stevenson II">Adlai Stevenson</a> (<a href="/wiki/1952_United_States_presidential_election" title="1952 United States presidential election">1952</a>, <a href="/wiki/1956_United_States_presidential_election" title="1956 United States presidential election">1956</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon_1960_presidential_campaign" title="Richard Nixon 1960 presidential campaign">1960</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Goldwater" title="Barry Goldwater">Barry Goldwater</a> (<a href="/wiki/Barry_Goldwater_1964_presidential_campaign" title="Barry Goldwater 1964 presidential campaign">1964</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey" title="Hubert Humphrey">Hubert Humphrey</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey_1968_presidential_campaign" title="Hubert Humphrey 1968 presidential campaign">1968</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_McGovern" title="George McGovern">George McGovern</a> (<a href="/wiki/George_McGovern_1972_presidential_campaign" title="George McGovern 1972 presidential campaign">1972</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford">Gerald Ford</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford_1976_presidential_campaign" title="Gerald Ford 1976 presidential campaign">1976</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter_1980_presidential_campaign" title="Jimmy Carter 1980 presidential campaign">1980</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Mondale" title="Walter Mondale">Walter Mondale</a> (<a href="/wiki/Walter_Mondale_1984_presidential_campaign" title="Walter Mondale 1984 presidential campaign">1984</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Dukakis" title="Michael Dukakis">Michael Dukakis</a> (<a href="/wiki/Michael_Dukakis_1988_presidential_campaign" title="Michael Dukakis 1988 presidential campaign">1988</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a> (<a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush_1992_presidential_campaign" title="George H. W. Bush 1992 presidential campaign">1992</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Dole" title="Bob Dole">Bob Dole</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bob_Dole_1996_presidential_campaign" title="Bob Dole 1996 presidential campaign">1996</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a> (<a href="/wiki/Al_Gore_2000_presidential_campaign" title="Al Gore 2000 presidential campaign">2000</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">John Kerry</a> (<a href="/wiki/John_Kerry_2004_presidential_campaign" title="John Kerry 2004 presidential campaign">2004</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McCain" title="John McCain">John McCain</a> (<a href="/wiki/John_McCain_2008_presidential_campaign" title="John McCain 2008 presidential campaign">2008</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitt_Romney" title="Mitt Romney">Mitt Romney</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mitt_Romney_2012_presidential_campaign" title="Mitt Romney 2012 presidential campaign">2012</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Hillary Clinton 2016 presidential campaign">2016</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> (<a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign">2020</a>)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kamala Harris</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris_2024_presidential_campaign" title="Kamala Harris 2024 presidential campaign">2024</a>)</li></ol></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:United_States_presidential_candidates_by_year" title="Category:United States presidential candidates by year">All presidential candidates</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of presidents of the United States">Presidents</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/List_of_third-party_and_independent_performances_in_United_States_presidential_elections" title="List of third-party and independent performances in United States presidential elections">Third-party candidates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_senators_from_California" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_senators_from_California" title="Template:United States senators from California"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_senators_from_California" title="Template talk:United States senators from California"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_senators_from_California" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States senators from California"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_senators_from_California" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_California" title="List of United States senators from California">United States senators from California</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Classes_of_United_States_senators#Class_1" title="Classes of United States senators">Class 1</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_C._Fr%C3%A9mont" title="John C. Frémont">Frémont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_B._Weller" title="John B. Weller">Weller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_C._Broderick" title="David C. Broderick">Broderick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_P._Haun" title="Henry P. Haun">Haun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milton_Latham" title="Milton Latham">Latham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Conness" title="John Conness">Conness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Casserly" title="Eugene Casserly">Casserly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_S._Hager" title="John S. Hager">Hager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newton_Booth" title="Newton Booth">Booth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Franklin_Miller_(senator)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Franklin Miller (senator)">Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Hearst" title="George Hearst">Hearst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abram_Williams" title="Abram Williams">Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Hearst" title="George Hearst">Hearst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_N._Felton" title="Charles N. Felton">Felton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_M._White" title="Stephen M. White">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_R._Bard" title="Thomas R. Bard">Bard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Flint" title="Frank Flint">Flint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_D._Works" title="John D. Works">Works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiram_Johnson" title="Hiram Johnson">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Knowland" title="William Knowland">Knowland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clair_Engle" title="Clair Engle">Engle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Salinger" title="Pierre Salinger">Salinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Murphy" title="George Murphy">Murphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_V._Tunney" title="John V. Tunney">Tunney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._I._Hayakawa" title="S. I. Hayakawa">Hayakawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pete_Wilson" title="Pete Wilson">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Seymour_(California_politician)" title="John Seymour (California politician)">Seymour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dianne_Feinstein" title="Dianne Feinstein">Feinstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laphonza_Butler" title="Laphonza Butler">Butler</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="United States Senate"><img alt="United States Senate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/80px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/120px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/160px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Class 3</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_M._Gwin" title="William M. Gwin">Gwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_A._McDougall" title="James A. McDougall">McDougall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornelius_Cole" title="Cornelius Cole">Cole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron_A._Sargent" title="Aaron A. Sargent">Sargent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_T._Farley" title="James T. Farley">Farley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leland_Stanford" title="Leland Stanford">Stanford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_C._Perkins" title="George C. Perkins">Perkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_D._Phelan" title="James D. Phelan">Phelan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_M._Shortridge" title="Samuel M. Shortridge">Shortridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Gibbs_McAdoo" title="William Gibbs McAdoo">McAdoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_M._Storke" title="Thomas M. Storke">Storke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheridan_Downey" title="Sheridan Downey">Downey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Nixon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Kuchel" title="Thomas Kuchel">Kuchel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Cranston" title="Alan Cranston">Cranston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Boxer" title="Barbara Boxer">Boxer</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Padilla" title="Alex Padilla">Padilla</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="California&#039;s_delegation(s)_to_the_115th–117th_United_States_Congress_(ordered_by_seniority)" style="display:table;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:USCongRep-start" title="Template:USCongRep-start"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:USCongRep-start" title="Template talk:USCongRep-start"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:USCongRep-start" title="Special:EditPage/Template:USCongRep-start"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="California&#039;s_delegation(s)_to_the_115th–117th_United_States_Congress_(ordered_by_seniority)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">California's delegation(s) to the 115th–117th <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congress</a> (ordered by seniority)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-width:0;"><div style="padding:0"> <table style="width:100%"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><a href="/wiki/115th_United_States_Congress" title="115th United States Congress">115th</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_California" title="List of United States senators from California">Senate</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li>▌<a href="/wiki/Dianne_Feinstein" title="Dianne Feinstein">D. Feinstein</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a class="mw-selflink selflink">K. Harris</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_California" title="List of United States representatives from California">House</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li>▌<a href="/wiki/Nancy_Pelosi" title="Nancy Pelosi">N. Pelosi</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Dana_Rohrabacher" title="Dana Rohrabacher">D. Rohrabacher</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Maxine_Waters" title="Maxine Waters">M. Waters</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Xavier_Becerra" title="Xavier Becerra">X. Becerra</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Ken_Calvert" title="Ken Calvert">K. Calvert</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Anna_Eshoo" title="Anna Eshoo">A. Eshoo</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Lucille_Roybal-Allard" title="Lucille Roybal-Allard">L. Roybal-Allard</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Ed_Royce_(politician)" title="Ed Royce (politician)">E. Royce</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Zoe_Lofgren" title="Zoe Lofgren">Z. Lofgren</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Brad_Sherman" title="Brad Sherman">B. Sherman</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Barbara_Lee" title="Barbara Lee">B. Lee</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Grace_Napolitano" title="Grace Napolitano">G. Napolitano</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Mike_Thompson_(California_politician)" title="Mike Thompson (California politician)">M. Thompson</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Susan_Davis_(politician)" title="Susan Davis (politician)">S. Davis</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Darrell_Issa" title="Darrell Issa">D. Issa</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Adam_Schiff" title="Adam Schiff">A. Schiff</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Devin_Nunes" title="Devin Nunes">D. Nunes</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Linda_S%C3%A1nchez" title="Linda Sánchez">L. Sánchez</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Jim_Costa" title="Jim Costa">J. Costa</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Doris_Matsui" title="Doris Matsui">D. Matsui</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Kevin_McCarthy" title="Kevin McCarthy">K. McCarthy</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Jerry_McNerney" title="Jerry McNerney">J. McNerney</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Jackie_Speier" title="Jackie Speier">J. Speier</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Duncan_D._Hunter" title="Duncan D. Hunter">D. D. Hunter</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Tom_McClintock" title="Tom McClintock">T. McClintock</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Judy_Chu" title="Judy Chu">J. Chu</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/John_Garamendi" title="John Garamendi">J. Garamendi</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Karen_Bass" title="Karen Bass">K. Bass</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Jeff_Denham" title="Jeff Denham">J. Denham</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Ami_Bera" title="Ami Bera">A. Bera</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Julia_Brownley" title="Julia Brownley">J. Brownley</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Tony_C%C3%A1rdenas" title="Tony Cárdenas">T. Cárdenas</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Paul_Cook_(politician)" title="Paul Cook (politician)">P. Cook</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Jared_Huffman" title="Jared Huffman">J. Huffman</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Doug_LaMalfa" title="Doug LaMalfa">D. LaMalfa</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Alan_Lowenthal" title="Alan Lowenthal">A. Lowenthal</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Scott_Peters_(politician)" title="Scott Peters (politician)">S. Peters</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Raul_Ruiz_(politician)" title="Raul Ruiz (politician)">R. Ruiz</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Eric_Swalwell" title="Eric Swalwell">E. Swalwell</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Mark_Takano" title="Mark Takano">M. Takano</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/David_Valadao" title="David Valadao">D. Valadao</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Juan_Vargas" title="Juan Vargas">J. Vargas</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Pete_Aguilar" title="Pete Aguilar">P. Aguilar</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Mark_DeSaulnier" title="Mark DeSaulnier">M. DeSaulnier</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Steve_Knight_(politician)" title="Steve Knight (politician)">S. Knight</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Ted_Lieu" title="Ted Lieu">T. Lieu</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Norma_Torres" title="Norma Torres">N. Torres</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Mimi_Walters" title="Mimi Walters">M. Walters</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Nanette_Barrag%C3%A1n" title="Nanette Barragán">N. Barragán</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Salud_Carbajal" title="Salud Carbajal">S. Carbajal</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Lou_Correa" title="Lou Correa">L. Correa</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Ro_Khanna" title="Ro Khanna">R. Khanna</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Panetta" title="Jimmy Panetta">J. Panetta</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Gomez" title="Jimmy Gomez">J. Gomez</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><a href="/wiki/116th_United_States_Congress" title="116th United States Congress">116th</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_California" title="List of United States senators from California">Senate</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li>▌<a href="/wiki/Dianne_Feinstein" title="Dianne Feinstein">D. Feinstein</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a class="mw-selflink selflink">K. Harris</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_California" title="List of United States representatives from California">House</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li>▌<a href="/wiki/Nancy_Pelosi" title="Nancy Pelosi">N. Pelosi</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Maxine_Waters" title="Maxine Waters">M. Waters</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Ken_Calvert" title="Ken Calvert">K. Calvert</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Anna_Eshoo" title="Anna Eshoo">A. Eshoo</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Lucille_Roybal-Allard" title="Lucille Roybal-Allard">L. Roybal-Allard</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Zoe_Lofgren" title="Zoe Lofgren">Z. Lofgren</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Brad_Sherman" title="Brad Sherman">B. Sherman</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Barbara_Lee" title="Barbara Lee">B. Lee</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Grace_Napolitano" title="Grace Napolitano">G. Napolitano</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Mike_Thompson_(California_politician)" title="Mike Thompson (California politician)">M. Thompson</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Susan_Davis_(politician)" title="Susan Davis (politician)">S. Davis</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Adam_Schiff" title="Adam Schiff">A. Schiff</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Devin_Nunes" title="Devin Nunes">D. Nunes</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Linda_S%C3%A1nchez" title="Linda Sánchez">L. Sánchez</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Jim_Costa" title="Jim Costa">J. Costa</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Doris_Matsui" title="Doris Matsui">D. Matsui</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Kevin_McCarthy" title="Kevin McCarthy">K. McCarthy</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Jerry_McNerney" title="Jerry McNerney">J. McNerney</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Jackie_Speier" title="Jackie Speier">J. Speier</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Duncan_D._Hunter" title="Duncan D. Hunter">D. D. Hunter</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Tom_McClintock" title="Tom McClintock">T. McClintock</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Judy_Chu" title="Judy Chu">J. Chu</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/John_Garamendi" title="John Garamendi">J. Garamendi</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Karen_Bass" title="Karen Bass">K. Bass</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Ami_Bera" title="Ami Bera">A. Bera</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Julia_Brownley" title="Julia Brownley">J. Brownley</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Tony_C%C3%A1rdenas" title="Tony Cárdenas">T. Cárdenas</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Paul_Cook_(politician)" title="Paul Cook (politician)">P. Cook</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Jared_Huffman" title="Jared Huffman">J. Huffman</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Doug_LaMalfa" title="Doug LaMalfa">D. LaMalfa</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Alan_Lowenthal" title="Alan Lowenthal">A. Lowenthal</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Scott_Peters_(politician)" title="Scott Peters (politician)">S. Peters</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Raul_Ruiz_(politician)" title="Raul Ruiz (politician)">R. Ruiz</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Eric_Swalwell" title="Eric Swalwell">E. Swalwell</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Mark_Takano" title="Mark Takano">M. Takano</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Juan_Vargas" title="Juan Vargas">J. Vargas</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Pete_Aguilar" title="Pete Aguilar">P. Aguilar</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Mark_DeSaulnier" title="Mark DeSaulnier">M. DeSaulnier</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Ted_Lieu" title="Ted Lieu">T. Lieu</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Norma_Torres" title="Norma Torres">N. Torres</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Nanette_Barrag%C3%A1n" title="Nanette Barragán">N. Barragán</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Salud_Carbajal" title="Salud Carbajal">S. Carbajal</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Lou_Correa" title="Lou Correa">L. Correa</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Ro_Khanna" title="Ro Khanna">R. Khanna</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Panetta" title="Jimmy Panetta">J. Panetta</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Gomez" title="Jimmy Gomez">J. Gomez</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Gil_Cisneros" title="Gil Cisneros">G. Cisneros</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/TJ_Cox" title="TJ Cox">T. J. Cox</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Josh_Harder" title="Josh Harder">J. Harder</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Katie_Hill" title="Katie Hill">K. Hill</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Mike_Levin" title="Mike Levin">M. Levin</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Katie_Porter" title="Katie Porter">K. Porter</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Harley_Rouda" title="Harley Rouda">H. Rouda</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Mike_Garcia_(politician)" title="Mike Garcia (politician)">M. Garcia</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><a href="/wiki/117th_United_States_Congress" title="117th United States Congress">117th</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_California" title="List of United States senators from California">Senate</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li>▌<a href="/wiki/Dianne_Feinstein" title="Dianne Feinstein">D. Feinstein</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a class="mw-selflink selflink">K. Harris</a> (D) </li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Alex_Padilla" title="Alex Padilla">A. Padilla</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_California" title="List of United States representatives from California">House</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li>▌<a href="/wiki/Nancy_Pelosi" title="Nancy Pelosi">N. Pelosi</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Maxine_Waters" title="Maxine Waters">M. Waters</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Ken_Calvert" title="Ken Calvert">K. Calvert</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Anna_Eshoo" title="Anna Eshoo">A. Eshoo</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Lucille_Roybal-Allard" title="Lucille Roybal-Allard">L. Roybal-Allard</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Zoe_Lofgren" title="Zoe Lofgren">Z. Lofgren</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Brad_Sherman" title="Brad Sherman">B. Sherman</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Barbara_Lee" title="Barbara Lee">B. Lee</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Grace_Napolitano" title="Grace Napolitano">G. Napolitano</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Mike_Thompson_(California_politician)" title="Mike Thompson (California politician)">M. Thompson</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Adam_Schiff" title="Adam Schiff">A. Schiff</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Devin_Nunes" title="Devin Nunes">D. Nunes</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Linda_S%C3%A1nchez" title="Linda Sánchez">L. Sánchez</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Darrell_Issa" title="Darrell Issa">D. Issa</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Jim_Costa" title="Jim Costa">J. Costa</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Doris_Matsui" title="Doris Matsui">D. Matsui</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Kevin_McCarthy" title="Kevin McCarthy">K. McCarthy</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Jerry_McNerney" title="Jerry McNerney">J. McNerney</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Jackie_Speier" title="Jackie Speier">J. Speier</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Tom_McClintock" title="Tom McClintock">T. McClintock</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Judy_Chu" title="Judy Chu">J. Chu</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/John_Garamendi" title="John Garamendi">J. Garamendi</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Karen_Bass" title="Karen Bass">K. Bass</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Ami_Bera" title="Ami Bera">A. Bera</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Julia_Brownley" title="Julia Brownley">J. Brownley</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Tony_C%C3%A1rdenas" title="Tony Cárdenas">T. Cárdenas</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Jared_Huffman" title="Jared Huffman">J. Huffman</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Doug_LaMalfa" title="Doug LaMalfa">D. LaMalfa</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Alan_Lowenthal" title="Alan Lowenthal">A. Lowenthal</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Scott_Peters_(politician)" title="Scott Peters (politician)">S. Peters</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Raul_Ruiz_(politician)" title="Raul Ruiz (politician)">R. Ruiz</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Eric_Swalwell" title="Eric Swalwell">E. Swalwell</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Mark_Takano" title="Mark Takano">M. Takano</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Juan_Vargas" title="Juan Vargas">J. Vargas</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Pete_Aguilar" title="Pete Aguilar">P. Aguilar</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Mark_DeSaulnier" title="Mark DeSaulnier">M. DeSaulnier</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Ted_Lieu" title="Ted Lieu">T. Lieu</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Norma_Torres" title="Norma Torres">N. Torres</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/David_Valadao" title="David Valadao">D. Valadao</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Nanette_Barrag%C3%A1n" title="Nanette Barragán">N. Barragán</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Salud_Carbajal" title="Salud Carbajal">S. Carbajal</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Lou_Correa" title="Lou Correa">L. Correa</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Ro_Khanna" title="Ro Khanna">R. Khanna</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Panetta" title="Jimmy Panetta">J. Panetta</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Gomez" title="Jimmy Gomez">J. Gomez</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Josh_Harder" title="Josh Harder">J. Harder</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Mike_Levin" title="Mike Levin">M. Levin</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Katie_Porter" title="Katie Porter">K. Porter</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Mike_Garcia_(politician)" title="Mike Garcia (politician)">M. Garcia</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Sara_Jacobs" title="Sara Jacobs">S. Jacobs</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Young_Kim" title="Young Kim">Y. Kim</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Jay_Obernolte" title="Jay Obernolte">J. Obernolte</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Michelle_Steel" title="Michelle Steel">M. Steel</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Connie_Conway" title="Connie Conway">C. Conway</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Democratic_Party" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#B0CEFF;;background:#3333FF; color:white"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Template:Democratic Party (United States)"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Template talk:Democratic Party (United States)"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Democratic Party (United States)"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Democratic_Party" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#B0CEFF;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="History of the Democratic Party (United States)">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Party_System" title="Second Party System">Second Party System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Party_System" title="Third Party System">Third Party System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Party_System" title="Fourth Party System">Fourth Party System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Party_System" title="Fifth Party System">Fifth Party System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixth_Party_System" title="Sixth Party System">Sixth Party System</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B0CEFF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_National_Convention" title="Democratic National Convention">National conventions</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Democratic_Party_presidential_tickets" title="List of United States Democratic Party presidential tickets">presidential tickets</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="List of Democratic Party presidential primaries">presidential primaries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1828_United_States_presidential_election#Democratic_Party_nomination" title="1828 United States presidential election">1828 (None)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson" title="Andrew Jackson">Jackson</a>/<a href="/wiki/John_C._Calhoun" title="John C. Calhoun">Calhoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1832_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1832 Democratic National Convention">1832 (Baltimore)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson" title="Andrew Jackson">Jackson</a>/<a href="/wiki/Martin_Van_Buren" title="Martin Van Buren">Van Buren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1835_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1835 Democratic National Convention">1835 (Baltimore)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Van_Buren" title="Martin Van Buren">Van Buren</a>/<a href="/wiki/Richard_Mentor_Johnson" title="Richard Mentor Johnson">R. Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1840_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1840 Democratic National Convention">1840 (Baltimore)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Van_Buren" title="Martin Van Buren">Van Buren</a>/None</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1844_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1844 Democratic National Convention">1844 (Baltimore)</a>: <a href="/wiki/James_K._Polk" title="James K. Polk">Polk</a>/<a href="/wiki/George_M._Dallas" title="George M. Dallas">Dallas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1848_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1848 Democratic National Convention">1848 (Baltimore)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Lewis_Cass" title="Lewis Cass">Cass</a>/<a href="/wiki/William_Orlando_Butler" class="mw-redirect" title="William Orlando Butler">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1852_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1852 Democratic National Convention">1852 (Baltimore)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Franklin_Pierce" title="Franklin Pierce">Pierce</a>/<a href="/wiki/William_R._King" title="William R. King">King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1856_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1856 Democratic National Convention">1856 (Cincinnati)</a>: <a href="/wiki/James_Buchanan" title="James Buchanan">Buchanan</a>/<a href="/wiki/John_C._Breckinridge" title="John C. Breckinridge">Breckinridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1860_Democratic_National_Conventions" title="1860 Democratic National Conventions">1860 (Charleston/Baltimore)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Stephen_A._Douglas" title="Stephen A. Douglas">Douglas</a>/<a href="/wiki/Herschel_V._Johnson" title="Herschel V. Johnson">H. Johnson</a> (<a href="/wiki/John_C._Breckinridge" title="John C. Breckinridge">Breckinridge</a>/<a href="/wiki/Joseph_Lane" title="Joseph Lane">Lane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Southern_Democrats" title="Southern Democrats">SD</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1864_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1864 Democratic National Convention">1864 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/George_B._McClellan" title="George B. McClellan">McClellan</a>/<a href="/wiki/George_H._Pendleton" title="George H. Pendleton">Pendleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1868_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1868 Democratic National Convention">1868 (New York)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Horatio_Seymour" title="Horatio Seymour">Seymour</a>/<a href="/wiki/Francis_Preston_Blair_Jr." title="Francis Preston Blair Jr.">Blair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1872_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1872 Democratic National Convention">1872 (Baltimore)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Horace_Greeley" title="Horace Greeley">Greeley</a>/<a href="/wiki/B._Gratz_Brown" title="B. Gratz Brown">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1876_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1876 Democratic National Convention">1876 (Saint Louis)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Samuel_J._Tilden" title="Samuel J. Tilden">Tilden</a>/<a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._Hendricks" title="Thomas A. Hendricks">Hendricks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1880_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1880 Democratic National Convention">1880 (Cincinnati)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Winfield_Scott_Hancock" title="Winfield Scott Hancock">Hancock</a>/<a href="/wiki/William_Hayden_English" title="William Hayden English">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1884_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1884 Democratic National Convention">1884 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland" title="Grover Cleveland">Cleveland</a>/<a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._Hendricks" title="Thomas A. Hendricks">Hendricks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1888_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1888 Democratic National Convention">1888 (Saint Louis)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland" title="Grover Cleveland">Cleveland</a>/<a href="/wiki/Allen_G._Thurman" title="Allen G. Thurman">Thurman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1892_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1892 Democratic National Convention">1892 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland" title="Grover Cleveland">Cleveland</a>/<a href="/wiki/Adlai_Stevenson_I" title="Adlai Stevenson I">Stevenson I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1896_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1896 Democratic National Convention">1896 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan" title="William Jennings Bryan">W. Bryan</a>/<a href="/wiki/Arthur_Sewall" title="Arthur Sewall">Sewall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1900_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1900 Democratic National Convention">1900 (Kansas City)</a>: <a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan" title="William Jennings Bryan">W. Bryan</a>/<a href="/wiki/Adlai_Stevenson_I" title="Adlai Stevenson I">Stevenson I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1904_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1904 Democratic National Convention">1904 (Saint Louis)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Alton_B._Parker" title="Alton B. Parker">Parker</a>/<a href="/wiki/Henry_G._Davis" title="Henry G. Davis">H. Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1908_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1908 Democratic National Convention">1908 (Denver)</a>: <a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan" title="William Jennings Bryan">W. Bryan</a>/<a href="/wiki/John_W._Kern" title="John W. Kern">Kern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1912 Democratic National Convention">1912 (Baltimore)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Wilson</a>/<a href="/wiki/Thomas_R._Marshall" title="Thomas R. Marshall">Marshall</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1912_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1912 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1916 Democratic National Convention">1916 (Saint Louis)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Wilson</a>/<a href="/wiki/Thomas_R._Marshall" title="Thomas R. Marshall">Marshall</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1916_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1916 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1920_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1920 Democratic National Convention">1920 (San Francisco)</a>: <a href="/wiki/James_M._Cox" title="James M. Cox">Cox</a>/<a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Roosevelt</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1920_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1920 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1924_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1924 Democratic National Convention">1924 (New York)</a>: <a href="/wiki/John_W._Davis" title="John W. Davis">J. Davis</a>/<a href="/wiki/Charles_W._Bryan" title="Charles W. Bryan">C. Bryan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1924_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1924 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1928_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1928 Democratic National Convention">1928 (Houston)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Al_Smith" title="Al Smith">Smith</a>/<a href="/wiki/Joseph_T._Robinson" title="Joseph T. Robinson">Robinson</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1928_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1928 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1932_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1932 Democratic National Convention">1932 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Roosevelt</a>/<a href="/wiki/John_Nance_Garner" title="John Nance Garner">Garner</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1932_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1932 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1936_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1936 Democratic National Convention">1936 (Philadelphia)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Roosevelt</a>/<a href="/wiki/John_Nance_Garner" title="John Nance Garner">Garner</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1936_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1936 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1940 Democratic National Convention">1940 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Roosevelt</a>/<a href="/wiki/Henry_A._Wallace" title="Henry A. Wallace">Wallace</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1940_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1940 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1944_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1944 Democratic National Convention">1944 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Roosevelt</a>/<a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Truman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1944_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1944 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1948 Democratic National Convention">1948 (Philadelphia)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Truman</a>/<a href="/wiki/Alben_W._Barkley" title="Alben W. Barkley">Barkley</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1948_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1948 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1952 Democratic National Convention">1952 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Adlai_Stevenson_II" title="Adlai Stevenson II">Stevenson II</a>/<a href="/wiki/John_Sparkman" title="John Sparkman">Sparkman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1952_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1952 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1956 Democratic National Convention">1956 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Adlai_Stevenson_II" title="Adlai Stevenson II">Stevenson II</a>/<a href="/wiki/Estes_Kefauver" title="Estes Kefauver">Kefauver</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1956_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1956 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1960 Democratic National Convention">1960 (Los Angeles)</a>: <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">Kennedy</a>/<a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">L. Johnson</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1960_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1960 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1964 Democratic National Convention">1964 (Atlantic City)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">L. Johnson</a>/<a href="/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey" title="Hubert Humphrey">Humphrey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1964_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1964 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1968 Democratic National Convention">1968 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey" title="Hubert Humphrey">Humphrey</a>/<a href="/wiki/Edmund_Muskie" title="Edmund Muskie">Muskie</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1968_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1968 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1972 Democratic National Convention">1972 (Miami Beach)</a>: <a href="/wiki/George_McGovern" title="George McGovern">McGovern</a>/(<a href="/wiki/Thomas_Eagleton" title="Thomas Eagleton">Eagleton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sargent_Shriver" title="Sargent Shriver">Shriver</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1972_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1972 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1976 Democratic National Convention">1976 (New York)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Carter</a>/<a href="/wiki/Walter_Mondale" title="Walter Mondale">Mondale</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1976_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1976 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1980 Democratic National Convention">1980 (New York)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Carter</a>/<a href="/wiki/Walter_Mondale" title="Walter Mondale">Mondale</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1980_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1980 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1984 Democratic National Convention">1984 (San Francisco)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Walter_Mondale" title="Walter Mondale">Mondale</a>/<a href="/wiki/Geraldine_Ferraro" title="Geraldine Ferraro">Ferraro</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1984_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1984 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1988 Democratic National Convention">1988 (Atlanta)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Michael_Dukakis" title="Michael Dukakis">Dukakis</a>/<a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Bentsen" title="Lloyd Bentsen">Bentsen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1988_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1988 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1992 Democratic National Convention">1992 (New York)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">B. Clinton</a>/<a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Gore</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1992_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1992 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1996 Democratic National Convention">1996 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">B. Clinton</a>/<a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Gore</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1996_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1996 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2000 Democratic National Convention">2000 (Los Angeles)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Gore</a>/<a href="/wiki/Joe_Lieberman" title="Joe Lieberman">Lieberman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2000_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2000 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2004 Democratic National Convention">2004 (Boston)</a>: <a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">Kerry</a>/<a href="/wiki/John_Edwards" title="John Edwards">Edwards</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2004_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2004 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2008 Democratic National Convention">2008 (Denver)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Obama</a>/<a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Biden</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2008 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2012 Democratic National Convention">2012 (Charlotte)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Obama</a>/<a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Biden</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2012_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2012 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2016 Democratic National Convention">2016 (Philadelphia)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">H. Clinton</a>/<a href="/wiki/Tim_Kaine" title="Tim Kaine">Kaine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2016_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2020 Democratic National Convention">2020 (Milwaukee/other locations)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Biden</a>/<a class="mw-selflink selflink">Harris</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2024 Democratic National Convention">2024 (Chicago)</a>: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Harris</a>/<a href="/wiki/Tim_Walz" title="Tim Walz">Walz</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2024_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2024 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B0CEFF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of presidents of the United States">Presidential</a> <a href="/wiki/Administration_(government)" title="Administration (government)">administrations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Andrew_Jackson" title="Presidency of Andrew Jackson">Jackson</a> (1829–1837)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Martin_Van_Buren" title="Presidency of Martin Van Buren">Van Buren</a> (1837–1841)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_James_K._Polk" title="Presidency of James K. Polk">Polk</a> (1845–1849)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Franklin_Pierce" title="Presidency of Franklin Pierce">Pierce</a> (1853–1857)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_James_Buchanan" title="Presidency of James Buchanan">Buchanan</a> (1857–1861)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Andrew_Johnson" title="Presidency of Andrew Johnson">A. Johnson</a> (1868–1869)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidencies_of_Grover_Cleveland" title="Presidencies of Grover Cleveland">Cleveland</a> (1885–1889; 1893–1897)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Woodrow_Wilson" title="Presidency of Woodrow Wilson">Wilson</a> (1913–1921)</li> <li>Roosevelt (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Franklin_D._Roosevelt,_first_and_second_terms" title="Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt, first and second terms">1933–1941</a>; <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Franklin_D._Roosevelt,_third_and_fourth_terms" title="Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt, third and fourth terms">1941–1945</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Harry_S._Truman" title="Presidency of Harry S. Truman">Truman</a> (1945–1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="Presidency of John F. Kennedy">Kennedy</a> (1961–1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Presidency of Lyndon B. Johnson">L. B. Johnson</a> (1963–1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Jimmy_Carter" title="Presidency of Jimmy Carter">Carter</a> (1977–1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Bill_Clinton" title="Presidency of Bill Clinton">Clinton</a> (1993–2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Barack_Obama" title="Presidency of Barack Obama">Obama</a> (2009–2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Joe_Biden" title="Presidency of Joe Biden">Biden</a> (2021–)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B0CEFF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives">U.S. House leaders</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_speakers_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="List of speakers of the United States House of Representatives">Speakers</a>, and <a href="/wiki/House_Democratic_Caucus" title="House Democratic Caucus">Caucus chairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Stevenson" title="Andrew Stevenson">A. Stevenson</a> (1827–1834)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bell_(Tennessee_politician)" title="John Bell (Tennessee politician)">Bell</a> (1834–1835)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_K._Polk" title="James K. Polk">Polk</a> (1835–1839)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Winston_Jones" title="John Winston Jones">J. W. Jones</a> (1843–1845)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wesley_Davis" title="John Wesley Davis">Davis</a> (1845–1847)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howell_Cobb" title="Howell Cobb">Cobb</a> (1849–1851)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linn_Boyd" title="Linn Boyd">Boyd</a> (1851–1855)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Jones_(Tennessee_politician)" title="George Washington Jones (Tennessee politician)">G. W. Jones</a> (1855–1857)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Lawrence_Orr" title="James Lawrence Orr">Orr</a> (1857–1859)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_S._Houston" title="George S. Houston">Houston</a> (1859–1861)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_E._Niblack" title="William E. Niblack">Niblack</a>/<a href="/wiki/Samuel_J._Randall" title="Samuel J. Randall">Randall</a> (1869–1871)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_E._Niblack" title="William E. Niblack">Niblack</a> (1873–1875)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_C._Kerr" title="Michael C. Kerr">Kerr</a> (1875–1876)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_J._Randall" title="Samuel J. Randall">Randall</a> (1876–1881)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_G._Carlisle" title="John G. Carlisle">Carlisle</a> (1883–1889)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_S._Holman" title="William S. Holman">Holman</a> (1889–1891)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Frederick_Crisp" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Frederick Crisp">Crisp</a> (1891–1895)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_B._Culberson" title="David B. Culberson">D. B. Culberson</a> (1895–1897)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_D._Richardson" title="James D. Richardson">Richardson</a> (1897–1903)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sharp_Williams" title="John Sharp Williams">Williams</a> (1903–1909)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champ_Clark" title="Champ Clark">Clark</a> (1909–1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Kitchin" title="Claude Kitchin">Kitchin</a> (1921–1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finis_J._Garrett" title="Finis J. Garrett">Garrett</a> (1923–1929)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Nance_Garner" title="John Nance Garner">Garner</a> (1929–1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Thomas_Rainey" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Thomas Rainey">Rainey</a> (1933–1934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo_Byrns" title="Jo Byrns">Byrns</a> (1935–1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_B._Bankhead" title="William B. Bankhead">Bankhead</a> (1936–1940)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Rayburn" title="Sam Rayburn">Rayburn</a> (1940–1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._McCormack" title="John W. McCormack">McCormack</a> (1962–1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Albert" title="Carl Albert">Albert</a> (1971–1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tip_O%27Neill" title="Tip O'Neill">O'Neill</a> (1977–1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Wright" title="Jim Wright">Wright</a> (1987–1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Foley" title="Tom Foley">Foley</a> (1989–1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Gephardt" title="Dick Gephardt">Gephardt</a> (1995–2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Pelosi" title="Nancy Pelosi">Pelosi</a> (2003–2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakeem_Jeffries" title="Hakeem Jeffries">Jeffries</a> (2023–)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B0CEFF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Party leaders of the United States Senate">U.S. Senate leaders</a> and <a href="/wiki/Senate_Democratic_Caucus" title="Senate Democratic Caucus">Caucus chairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Stevenson" title="John W. Stevenson">J. W. Stevenson</a> (1873–1877)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_A._Wallace" title="William A. Wallace">Wallace</a> (1877–1881)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_H._Pendleton" title="George H. Pendleton">Pendleton</a> (1881–1885)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_B._Beck" title="James B. Beck">Beck</a> (1885–1890)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_P._Gorman" title="Arthur P. Gorman">Gorman</a> (1890–1898)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Turpie" title="David Turpie">Turpie</a> (1898–1899)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_K._Jones" title="James K. Jones">J. K. Jones</a> (1899–1903)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_P._Gorman" title="Arthur P. Gorman">Gorman</a> (1903–1906)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._C._S._Blackburn" title="J. C. S. Blackburn">Blackburn</a> (1906–1907)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_A._Culberson" title="Charles A. Culberson">C. A. Culberson</a> (1907–1909)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hernando_Money" title="Hernando Money">Money</a> (1909–1911)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_S._Martin" title="Thomas S. Martin">Martin</a> (1911–1913)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Kern" title="John W. Kern">Kern</a> (1913–1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_S._Martin" title="Thomas S. Martin">Martin</a> (1917–1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Hitchcock" title="Gilbert Hitchcock">Hitchcock</a> (1919–1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Underwood" title="Oscar Underwood">Underwood</a> (1920–1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_T._Robinson" title="Joseph T. Robinson">Robinson</a> (1923–1937)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alben_W._Barkley" title="Alben W. Barkley">Barkley</a> (1937–1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_W._Lucas" title="Scott W. Lucas">Lucas</a> (1949–1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_McFarland" title="Ernest McFarland">McFarland</a> (1951–1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Johnson</a> (1953–1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Mansfield" title="Mike Mansfield">Mansfield</a> (1961–1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Byrd" title="Robert Byrd">Byrd</a> (1977–1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_J._Mitchell" title="George J. Mitchell">Mitchell</a> (1989–1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Daschle" title="Tom Daschle">Daschle</a> (1995–2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Reid" title="Harry Reid">Reid</a> (2005–2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Schumer" title="Chuck Schumer">Schumer</a> (2017–)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B0CEFF;;width:1%">Chairs of the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_National_Committee" title="Democratic National Committee">DNC</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_F._Hallett" title="Benjamin F. Hallett">Hallett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Milligan_McLane" title="Robert Milligan McLane">McLane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Allen_Smalley" title="David Allen Smalley">Smalley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_Belmont" title="August Belmont">Belmont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustus_Schell" title="Augustus Schell">Schell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abram_Hewitt" title="Abram Hewitt">Hewitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Barnum" title="William Barnum">Barnum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvin_S._Brice" title="Calvin S. Brice">Brice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_F._Harrity" title="William F. Harrity">Harrity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_K._Jones" title="James K. Jones">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Taggart" title="Thomas Taggart">Taggart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_E._Mack" title="Norman E. Mack">Mack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_F._McCombs" title="William F. McCombs">McCombs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vance_C._McCormick" title="Vance C. McCormick">McCormick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homer_Stille_Cummings" title="Homer Stille Cummings">Cummings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_White_(Ohio_politician)" title="George White (Ohio politician)">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cordell_Hull" title="Cordell Hull">Hull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clem_L._Shaver" title="Clem L. Shaver">Shaver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_J._Raskob" title="John J. Raskob">Raskob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Farley" title="James Farley">Farley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_J._Flynn" title="Edward J. Flynn">Flynn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_C._Walker" title="Frank C. Walker">Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Hannegan" title="Robert E. Hannegan">Hannegan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Howard_McGrath" title="J. Howard McGrath">McGrath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_M._Boyle" title="William M. Boyle">Boyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_E._McKinney" title="Frank E. McKinney">McKinney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_A._Mitchell_(politician)" title="Stephen A. Mitchell (politician)">Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Butler_(lawyer)" title="Paul Butler (lawyer)">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_M._Jackson" title="Henry M. Jackson">Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Moran_Bailey" title="John Moran Bailey">Bailey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_O%27Brien" title="Larry O'Brien">O'Brien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_R._Harris" title="Fred R. Harris">Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_O%27Brien" title="Larry O'Brien">O'Brien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Westwood_(politician)" title="Jean Westwood (politician)">Westwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_S._Strauss" title="Robert S. Strauss">Strauss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_M._Curtis" title="Kenneth M. Curtis">Curtis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Coyle_White" title="John Coyle White">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Manatt" title="Charles Manatt">Manatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_G._Kirk" title="Paul G. Kirk">Kirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Brown" title="Ron Brown">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Wilhelm" title="David Wilhelm">Wilhelm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debra_DeLee" title="Debra DeLee">DeLee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Dodd" title="Chris Dodd">Dodd</a>/<a href="/wiki/Donald_Fowler" title="Donald Fowler">Fowler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Romer" title="Roy Romer">Romer</a>/<a href="/wiki/Steven_Grossman_(politician)" title="Steven Grossman (politician)">Grossman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Rendell" title="Ed Rendell">Rendell</a>/<a href="/wiki/Joe_Andrew" title="Joe Andrew">Andrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_McAuliffe" title="Terry McAuliffe">McAuliffe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Dean" title="Howard Dean">Dean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Kaine" title="Tim Kaine">Kaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debbie_Wasserman_Schultz" title="Debbie Wasserman Schultz">Wasserman Schultz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Perez" title="Tom Perez">Perez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaime_Harrison" title="Jaime Harrison">Harrison</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B0CEFF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_parties_of_the_Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="List of state parties of the Democratic Party (United States)">State and territorial parties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alabama_Democratic_Party" title="Alabama Democratic Party">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaska_Democratic_Party" title="Alaska Democratic Party">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arizona_Democratic_Party" title="Arizona Democratic Party">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Arkansas" title="Democratic Party of Arkansas">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_Democratic_Party" title="California Democratic Party">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_Democratic_Party" title="Colorado Democratic Party">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Connecticut" title="Democratic Party of Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delaware_Democratic_Party" title="Delaware Democratic Party">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_Democratic_Party" title="Florida Democratic Party">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Georgia" title="Democratic Party of Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Hawaii" title="Democratic Party of Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idaho_Democratic_Party" title="Idaho Democratic Party">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Illinois" title="Democratic Party of Illinois">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_Democratic_Party" title="Indiana Democratic Party">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iowa_Democratic_Party" title="Iowa Democratic Party">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_Democratic_Party" title="Kansas Democratic Party">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kentucky_Democratic_Party" title="Kentucky Democratic Party">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Democratic_Party" title="Louisiana Democratic Party">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maine_Democratic_Party" title="Maine Democratic Party">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Democratic_Party" title="Maryland Democratic Party">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Democratic_Party" title="Massachusetts Democratic Party">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan_Democratic_Party" title="Michigan Democratic Party">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Democratic%E2%80%93Farmer%E2%80%93Labor_Party" title="Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Democratic_Party" title="Mississippi Democratic Party">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missouri_Democratic_Party" title="Missouri Democratic Party">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montana_Democratic_Party" title="Montana Democratic Party">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebraska_Democratic_Party" title="Nebraska Democratic Party">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevada_Democratic_Party" title="Nevada Democratic Party">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire_Democratic_Party" title="New Hampshire Democratic Party">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Democratic_State_Committee" title="New Jersey Democratic State Committee">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_New_Mexico" title="Democratic Party of New Mexico">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Democratic_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="New York State Democratic Committee">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina_Democratic_Party" title="North Carolina Democratic Party">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Dakota_Democratic%E2%80%93Nonpartisan_League_Party" title="North Dakota Democratic–Nonpartisan League Party">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohio_Democratic_Party" title="Ohio Democratic Party">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_Democratic_Party" title="Oklahoma Democratic Party">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Oregon" title="Democratic Party of Oregon">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Democratic_Party" title="Pennsylvania Democratic Party">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island_Democratic_Party" title="Rhode Island Democratic Party">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_Democratic_Party" title="South Carolina Democratic Party">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Dakota_Democratic_Party" title="South Dakota Democratic Party">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Democratic_Party" title="Tennessee Democratic Party">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Democratic_Party" title="Texas Democratic Party">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utah_Democratic_Party" title="Utah Democratic Party">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermont_Democratic_Party" title="Vermont Democratic Party">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Virginia" title="Democratic Party of Virginia">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_State_Democratic_Party" title="Washington State Democratic Party">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Virginia_Democratic_Party" title="West Virginia Democratic Party">West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Wisconsin" title="Democratic Party of Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyoming_Democratic_Party" title="Wyoming Democratic Party">Wyoming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Samoa_Democratic_Party" title="American Samoa Democratic Party">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia_Democratic_State_Committee" title="District of Columbia Democratic State Committee">District of Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Guam" title="Democratic Party of Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Northern_Mariana_Islands)" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Party (Northern Mariana Islands)">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Puerto_Rico)" title="Democratic Party (Puerto Rico)">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_the_Virgin_Islands" title="Democratic Party of the Virgin Islands">Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democrats_Abroad" title="Democrats Abroad">Democrats Abroad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B0CEFF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)_organizations" title="Democratic Party (United States) organizations">Affiliated groups</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B0CEFF;;width:1%">Congress</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Senate_Democratic_Caucus" title="Senate Democratic Caucus">Senate Caucus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Democratic_Policy_Committee" title="United States Senate Democratic Policy Committee">Policy Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Democratic_Steering_and_Outreach_Committee" title="United States Senate Democratic Steering and Outreach Committee">Steering and Outreach Committee</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_Democratic_Caucus" title="House Democratic Caucus">House Caucus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Factions_in_the_Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Factions in the Democratic Party (United States)">Factions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Dog_Coalition" title="Blue Dog Coalition">Blue Dog Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Progressive_Caucus" title="Congressional Progressive Caucus">Congressional Progressive Caucus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justice_Democrats" title="Justice Democrats">Justice Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Democrat_Coalition" title="New Democrat Coalition">New Democrat Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Problem_Solvers_Caucus" title="Problem Solvers Caucus">Problem Solvers Caucus</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B0CEFF;;width:1%">Fundraising</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Attorneys_General_Association" title="Democratic Attorneys General Association">Democratic Attorneys General Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Congressional_Campaign_Committee" title="Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee">Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Governors_Association" title="Democratic Governors Association">Democratic Governors Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Legislative_Campaign_Committee" title="Democratic Legislative Campaign Committee">Democratic Legislative Campaign Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Senatorial_Campaign_Committee" title="Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee">Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Conference_of_Democratic_Mayors" title="National Conference of Democratic Mayors">National Conference of Democratic Mayors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Redistricting_Committee" title="National Democratic Redistricting Committee">National Democratic Redistricting Committee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B0CEFF;;width:1%">Sectional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/College_Democrats_of_America" title="College Democrats of America">College Democrats of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democrats_Abroad" title="Democrats Abroad">Democrats Abroad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Federation_of_Democratic_Women" title="National Federation of Democratic Women">National Federation of Democratic Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stonewall_Democrats" title="Stonewall Democrats">Stonewall Democrats</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stonewall_Young_Democrats" title="Stonewall Young Democrats">Stonewall Young Democrats</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Democrats_of_America" title="Young Democrats of America">Young Democrats of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_School_Democrats_of_America" title="High School Democrats of America">High School Democrats of America</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B0CEFF;;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="List of Democratic Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Democratic_Party_presidential_candidates" title="List of United States Democratic Party presidential candidates">Presidential candidates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_presidential_debates" title="Democratic Party presidential debates">Debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superdelegate" title="Superdelegate">Superdelegate</a></li> <li>Chairmanship elections <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2005_Democratic_National_Committee_chairmanship_election" title="2005 Democratic National Committee chairmanship election">2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Democratic_National_Committee_chairmanship_election" title="2017 Democratic National Committee chairmanship election">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Democratic_National_Committee_chairmanship_election" title="2021 Democratic National Committee chairmanship election">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2025_Democratic_National_Committee_chairmanship_election" title="2025 Democratic National Committee chairmanship election">2025</a></li></ul></li> <li>House caucus leadership elections <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2006_United_States_House_of_Representatives_Democratic_Caucus_leadership_election" title="2006 United States House of Representatives Democratic Caucus leadership election">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_United_States_House_of_Representatives_Democratic_Caucus_leadership_election" title="2018 United States House of Representatives Democratic Caucus leadership election">2018</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weekly_Democratic_Address" title="Weekly Democratic Address">Weekly Democratic Address</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Attorneys_general_of_California" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Attorneys_General_of_California" title="Template:Attorneys General of California"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Attorneys_General_of_California" title="Template talk:Attorneys General of California"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Attorneys_General_of_California" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Attorneys General of California"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Attorneys_general_of_California" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Attorney_General_of_California" title="Attorney General of California">Attorneys general of California</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edward_J._C._Kewen" title="Edward J. C. Kewen">Kewen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_A._McDougall" title="James A. McDougall">McDougall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serranus_Clinton_Hastings" title="Serranus Clinton Hastings">Hastings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_R._McConnell" title="John R. McConnell">McConnell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_M._Stewart" title="William M. Stewart">Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_T._Wallace" title="William T. Wallace">Wallace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_H._Williams_(California_official)" title="Thomas H. Williams (California official)">Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_M._Pixley" title="Frank M. Pixley">Pixley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_G._McCullough" title="John G. McCullough">McCullough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo_Hamilton_(politician)" title="Jo Hamilton (politician)">Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lord_Love" title="John Lord Love">Love</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo_Hamilton_(politician)" title="Jo Hamilton (politician)">Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustus_L._Hart" title="Augustus L. Hart">A. Hart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_C._Marshall" title="Edward C. Marshall">Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_A._Johnson" title="George A. Johnson">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._H._Hart" title="William H. H. Hart">W. Hart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_F._Fitzgerald" title="William F. Fitzgerald">Fitzgerald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirey_L._Ford" title="Tirey L. Ford">Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulysses_S._Webb" title="Ulysses S. Webb">Webb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Warren" title="Earl Warren">Warren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_W._Kenny" title="Robert W. Kenny">Kenny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_N._Howser" title="Frederick N. Howser">Howser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Brown" title="Pat Brown">P. Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Mosk" title="Stanley Mosk">Mosk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_C._Lynch" title="Thomas C. Lynch">Lynch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evelle_J._Younger" title="Evelle J. Younger">Younger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Deukmejian" title="George Deukmejian">Deukmejian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Van_de_Kamp" title="John Van de Kamp">Van de Kamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Lungren" title="Dan Lungren">Lungren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Lockyer" title="Bill Lockyer">Lockyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Brown" title="Jerry Brown">J. Brown</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Kenealy" title="Kathleen Kenealy">Kenealy</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xavier_Becerra" title="Xavier Becerra">Becerra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Rodriquez" title="Matthew Rodriquez">Rodriquez</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rob_Bonta" title="Rob Bonta">Bonta</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Seal_of_California.svg/50px-Seal_of_California.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Seal_of_California.svg/75px-Seal_of_California.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Seal_of_California.svg/100px-Seal_of_California.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="399" /></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Time_Persons_of_the_Year" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Time_Persons_of_the_Year" title="Template:Time Persons of the Year"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Time_Persons_of_the_Year" title="Template talk:Time Persons of the Year"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Time_Persons_of_the_Year" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Time Persons of the Year"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Time_Persons_of_the_Year" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Time_Person_of_the_Year" title="Time Person of the Year">Time Persons of the Year</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1927–1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Lindbergh" title="Charles Lindbergh">Charles Lindbergh</a> (1927)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Chrysler" title="Walter Chrysler">Walter Chrysler</a> (1928)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owen_D._Young" title="Owen D. Young">Owen D. Young</a> (1929)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mohandas Gandhi</a> (1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Laval" title="Pierre Laval">Pierre Laval</a> (1931)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> (1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_S._Johnson" title="Hugh S. Johnson">Hugh S. Johnson</a> (1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> (1934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haile_Selassie" title="Haile Selassie">Haile Selassie</a> (1935)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallis_Simpson" title="Wallis Simpson">Wallis Simpson</a> (1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiang_Kai-shek" title="Chiang Kai-shek">Chiang Kai-shek</a> / <a href="/wiki/Soong_Mei-ling" title="Soong Mei-ling">Soong Mei-ling</a> (1937)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a> (1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a> (1939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a> (1940)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> (1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a> (1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_C._Marshall" title="George C. Marshall">George Marshall</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight D. Eisenhower</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_F._Byrnes" title="James F. Byrnes">James F. Byrnes</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_C._Marshall" title="George C. Marshall">George Marshall</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">The American Fighting-Man</a> (1950)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1951–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Mosaddegh" title="Mohammad Mosaddegh">Mohammed Mosaddeq</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II </a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konrad_Adenauer" title="Konrad Adenauer">Konrad Adenauer</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Foster_Dulles" title="John Foster Dulles">John Foster Dulles</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harlow_Curtice" title="Harlow Curtice">Harlow Curtice</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1956" title="Hungarian Revolution of 1956">Hungarian Freedom Fighters</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikita_Khrushchev" title="Nikita Khrushchev">Nikita Khrushchev</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Charles de Gaulle">Charles de Gaulle</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight D. Eisenhower</a> (1959)</li> <li> U.S. Scientists: <a href="/wiki/George_Beadle" title="George Beadle">George Beadle</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charles_Stark_Draper" title="Charles Stark Draper">Charles Draper</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Franklin_Enders" title="John Franklin Enders">John Enders</a> / <a href="/wiki/Donald_A._Glaser" title="Donald A. Glaser">Donald A. Glaser</a> / <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Lederberg" title="Joshua Lederberg">Joshua Lederberg</a> / <a href="/wiki/Willard_Libby" title="Willard Libby">Willard Libby</a> / <a href="/wiki/Linus_Pauling" title="Linus Pauling">Linus Pauling</a> / <a href="/wiki/Edward_Mills_Purcell" title="Edward Mills Purcell">Edward Purcell</a> / <a href="/wiki/Isidor_Isaac_Rabi" title="Isidor Isaac Rabi">Isidor Rabi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Emilio_Segr%C3%A8" title="Emilio Segrè">Emilio Segrè</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_Shockley" title="William Shockley">William Shockley</a> / <a href="/wiki/Edward_Teller" title="Edward Teller">Edward Teller</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charles_H._Townes" title="Charles H. Townes">Charles Townes</a> / <a href="/wiki/James_Van_Allen" title="James Van Allen">James Van Allen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_Burns_Woodward" title="Robert Burns Woodward">Robert Woodward</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_XXIII" title="Pope John XXIII">Pope John XXIII</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">Martin Luther King Jr.</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Westmoreland" title="William Westmoreland">William Westmoreland</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baby_boomers" title="Baby boomers">The Generation Twenty-Five and Under</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a> (1967)</li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Apollo_8" title="Apollo 8">The Apollo 8 Astronauts</a>: <a href="/wiki/William_Anders" title="William Anders">William Anders</a> / <a href="/wiki/Frank_Borman" title="Frank Borman">Frank Borman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jim_Lovell" title="Jim Lovell">Jim Lovell</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_America_(United_States)" title="Middle America (United States)">The Middle Americans</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt">Willy Brandt</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Kissinger" title="Henry Kissinger">Henry Kissinger</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sirica" title="John Sirica">John Sirica</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faisal_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Faisal of Saudi Arabia">King Faisal</a> (1974)</li> <li> American Women: <a href="/wiki/Susan_Brownmiller" title="Susan Brownmiller">Susan Brownmiller</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Byerly" title="Kathleen Byerly">Kathleen Byerly</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alison_Cheek" title="Alison Cheek">Alison Cheek</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jill_Ker_Conway" title="Jill Ker Conway">Jill Conway</a> / <a href="/wiki/Betty_Ford" title="Betty Ford">Betty Ford</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ella_Grasso" title="Ella Grasso">Ella Grasso</a> / <a href="/wiki/Carla_Anderson_Hills" title="Carla Anderson Hills">Carla Hills</a> / <a href="/wiki/Barbara_Jordan" title="Barbara Jordan">Barbara Jordan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Billie_Jean_King" title="Billie Jean King">Billie Jean King</a> / <a href="/wiki/Susie_Sharp" title="Susie Sharp">Susie Sharp</a> / <a href="/wiki/Carol_Sutton_(journalist)" title="Carol Sutton (journalist)">Carol Sutton</a> / <a href="/wiki/Addie_L._Wyatt" title="Addie L. Wyatt">Addie Wyatt</a> (1975)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anwar_Sadat" title="Anwar Sadat">Anwar Sadat</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping" title="Deng Xiaoping">Deng Xiaoping</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruhollah_Khomeini" title="Ruhollah Khomeini">Ayatollah Khomeini</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lech_Wa%C5%82%C4%99sa" title="Lech Wałęsa">Lech Wałęsa</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_computer" title="Personal computer">The Computer</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yuri_Andropov" title="Yuri Andropov">Yuri Andropov</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Ueberroth" title="Peter Ueberroth">Peter Ueberroth</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping" title="Deng Xiaoping">Deng Xiaoping</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corazon_Aquino" title="Corazon Aquino">Corazon Aquino</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Mikhail Gorbachev</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmentalism" title="Environmentalism">The Endangered Earth</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Mikhail Gorbachev</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Turner" title="Ted Turner">Ted Turner</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> (1992)</li> <li> The Peacemakers: <a href="/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat">Yasser Arafat</a> / <a href="/wiki/F._W._de_Klerk" title="F. W. de Klerk">F. W. de Klerk</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Nelson Mandela</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Rabin" title="Yitzhak Rabin">Yitzhak Rabin</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">Pope John Paul II</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newt_Gingrich" title="Newt Gingrich">Newt Gingrich</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Ho" title="David Ho">David Ho</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Grove" title="Andrew Grove">Andrew Grove</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ken_Starr" title="Ken Starr">Ken Starr</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Bezos" title="Jeff Bezos">Jeff Bezos</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rudy_Giuliani" title="Rudy Giuliani">Rudolph Giuliani</a> (2001)</li> <li> The Whistleblowers: <a href="/wiki/Cynthia_Cooper_(accountant)" title="Cynthia Cooper (accountant)">Cynthia Cooper</a> / <a href="/wiki/Coleen_Rowley" title="Coleen Rowley">Coleen Rowley</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sherron_Watkins" title="Sherron Watkins">Sherron Watkins</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">The American Soldier</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> (2004)</li> <li> The Good Samaritans: <a href="/wiki/Bono" title="Bono">Bono</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates">Bill Gates</a> / <a href="/wiki/Melinda_French_Gates" title="Melinda French Gates">Melinda Gates</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/You_(Time_Person_of_the_Year)" title="You (Time Person of the Year)">You</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Bernanke" title="Ben Bernanke">Ben Bernanke</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Zuckerberg" title="Mark Zuckerberg">Mark Zuckerberg</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protest" title="Protest">The Protester</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Pope Francis</a> (2013)</li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_West_African_Ebola_virus_epidemic" title="Responses to the West African Ebola virus epidemic">Ebola Fighters</a>: Dr. Jerry Brown / Dr. <a href="/wiki/Kent_Brantly" title="Kent Brantly">Kent Brantly</a> / Ella Watson-Stryker / Foday Gollah / <a href="/wiki/Salome_Karwah" title="Salome Karwah">Salome Karwah</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Merkel" title="Angela Merkel">Angela Merkel</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MeToo_movement" title="MeToo movement">The Silence Breakers</a> (2017)</li> <li> The Guardians: <a href="/wiki/Jamal_Khashoggi" title="Jamal Khashoggi">Jamal Khashoggi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Maria_Ressa" title="Maria Ressa">Maria Ressa</a> / <a href="/wiki/Wa_Lone" title="Wa Lone">Wa Lone</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kyaw_Soe_Oo" title="Kyaw Soe Oo">Kyaw Soe Oo</a> / Staff of <a href="/wiki/Capital_Gazette_shooting" title="Capital Gazette shooting">The Capital</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greta_Thunberg" title="Greta Thunberg">Greta Thunberg</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> / <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kamala Harris</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk">Elon Musk</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volodymyr_Zelenskyy" title="Volodymyr Zelenskyy">Volodymyr Zelenskyy</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ukrainians" title="Ukrainians">Spirit of Ukraine</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taylor_Swift" title="Taylor Swift">Taylor Swift</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="African_Americans" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #d1eaeb;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:African_American_topics" title="Template:African American topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:African_American_topics" title="Template talk:African American topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:African_American_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:African American topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="African_Americans" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans">African Americans</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d1eaeb;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/African-American_history" title="African-American history">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_African-American_history" title="Timeline of African-American history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abolitionism_in_the_United_States" title="Abolitionism in the United States">Abolitionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_American_founding_fathers_of_the_United_States" title="African American founding fathers of the United States">African American founding fathers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afrocentrism" title="Afrocentrism">Afrocentrism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_slave_trade" title="Atlantic slave trade">Atlantic slave trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Codes_(United_States)" title="Black Codes (United States)">Black Codes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_cowboys" title="Black cowboys">Black cowboys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_genocide" class="mw-redirect" title="Black genocide">Black genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter" title="Black Lives Matter">Black Lives Matter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown_v._Board_of_Education" title="Brown v. Board of Education">Brown v. Board of Education</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children_of_the_plantation" title="Children of the plantation">Children of the plantation</a></li> <li>Civil Rights Acts <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1964" title="Civil Rights Act of 1964">1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voting_Rights_Act_of_1965" title="Voting Rights Act of 1965">Voting Rights Act of 1965</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1968" title="Civil Rights Act of 1968">1968</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement_(1865%E2%80%931896)" title="Civil rights movement (1865–1896)">Civil rights movement 1865–1896</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement_(1896%E2%80%931954)" title="Civil rights movement (1896–1954)">Civil right movement 1896–1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement" title="Civil rights movement">Civil rights movement 1954–1968</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Montgomery_bus_boycott" title="Montgomery bus boycott">Montgomery bus boycott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Browder_v._Gayle" title="Browder v. Gayle">Browder v. Gayle</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sit-in_movement" title="Sit-in movement">Sit-in movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Riders" title="Freedom Riders">Freedom Riders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_campaign" title="Birmingham campaign">Birmingham movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_on_Washington_for_Jobs_and_Freedom" title="March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom">March on Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Summer" title="Freedom Summer">Freedom Summer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selma_to_Montgomery_marches" title="Selma to Montgomery marches">Selma to Montgomery marches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Freedom_Movement" title="Chicago Freedom Movement">Chicago Freedom Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post%E2%80%93civil_rights_era_in_African-American_history" title="Post–civil rights era in African-American history">Post–civil rights era</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornerstone_Speech" title="Cornerstone Speech">Cornerstone Speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_African_communities" class="mw-redirect" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on African communities">COVID-19 impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dred_Scott_v._Sandford" title="Dred Scott v. Sandford">Dred Scott v. Sandford</a> (1857)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Negro" title="Free Negro">Free Negro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_people_of_color" title="Free people of color">Free people of color</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests" title="George Floyd protests">George Floyd protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Migration_(African_American)" title="Great Migration (African American)">Great Migration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Great_Migration_(African_American)" title="Second Great Migration (African American)">Second</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Great_Migration" title="New Great Migration">New</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exodusters" title="Exodusters">Exodusters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Barack_Obama" title="First inauguration of Barack Obama">Inauguration of Barack Obama 2009</a> / <a href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Barack_Obama" title="Second inauguration of Barack Obama">Inauguration of Barack Obama 2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Crow_laws" title="Jim Crow laws">Jim Crow laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_in_the_United_States" title="Lynching in the United States">Lynching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_African_Americans" title="Military history of African Americans">Military history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Million_Man_March" title="Million Man March">Million Man March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadir_of_American_race_relations" title="Nadir of American race relations">Nadir of American race relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Negro_Motorist_Green_Book" title="The Negro Motorist Green Book">The Negro Motorist Green Book</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partus_sequitur_ventrem" title="Partus sequitur ventrem">Partus sequitur ventrem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plantation_complexes_in_the_Southern_United_States" title="Plantation complexes in the Southern United States">Plantations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plessy_v._Ferguson" title="Plessy v. Ferguson">Plessy v. Ferguson</a> (1896)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_Amendments" title="Reconstruction Amendments">Reconstruction Amendments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_era" title="Reconstruction era">Reconstruction era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redlining" title="Redlining">Redlining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separate_but_equal" title="Separate but equal">Separate but equal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silent_Parade" title="Silent Parade">Silent Parade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_United_States" title="Slavery in the United States">Slavery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treatment_of_slaves_in_the_United_States" title="Treatment of slaves in the United States">Treatment of slaves</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulsa_race_massacre" title="Tulsa race massacre">Tulsa race massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underground_Railroad" title="Underground Railroad">Underground Railroad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_women%27s_suffrage_movement" title="African-American women's suffrage movement">Women's suffrage movement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d1eaeb;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/African-American_culture" title="African-American culture">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afrofuturism" title="Afrofuturism">Afrofuturism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_art" title="African-American art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_mecca" title="Black mecca">Black mecca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black-owned_business" title="Black-owned business">Businesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_dance" title="African-American dance">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_family_structure" title="African-American family structure">Family structure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_film" title="Black film">Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_folktales" title="African-American folktales">Folktales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_hair" title="African-American hair">Hair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harlem_Renaissance" title="Harlem Renaissance">Harlem Renaissance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Negro" title="New Negro">New Negro</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoodoo_(spirituality)" title="Hoodoo (spirituality)">Hoodoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juneteenth" title="Juneteenth">Juneteenth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwanzaa" title="Kwanzaa">Kwanzaa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_LGBT_community" class="mw-redirect" title="African-American LGBT community">LGBT community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_literature" title="African-American literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_music" title="African-American music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_musical_theater" title="African-American musical theater">Musical theater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_names" title="African-American names">Names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lift_Every_Voice_and_Sing" title="Lift Every Voice and Sing">Negro National Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_neighborhood" title="African-American neighborhood">Neighborhoods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_American_newspapers" title="African American newspapers">Newspapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soul_food" title="Soul food">Soul food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stereotypes_of_African_Americans" title="Stereotypes of African Americans">Stereotypes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_middle_class" title="African-American middle class">Middle class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_upper_class" title="African-American upper class">Upper class</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d1eaeb;;width:1%">Notable people</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Abernathy" title="Ralph Abernathy">Ralph Abernathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_Angelou" title="Maya Angelou">Maya Angelou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crispus_Attucks" title="Crispus Attucks">Crispus Attucks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Baldwin" title="James Baldwin">James Baldwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Bevel" title="James Bevel">James Bevel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_Bond" title="Julian Bond">Julian Bond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amelia_Boynton_Robinson" title="Amelia Boynton Robinson">Amelia Boynton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Bradley_(former_slave)" title="James Bradley (former slave)">James Bradley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_Moseley_Braun" title="Carol Moseley Braun">Carol Moseley Braun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Brooke" title="Edward Brooke">Edward Brooke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blanche_Bruce" title="Blanche Bruce">Blanche Bruce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Bunche" title="Ralph Bunche">Ralph Bunche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Carver" title="George Washington Carver">George Washington Carver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Chisholm" title="Shirley Chisholm">Shirley Chisholm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudette_Colvin" title="Claudette Colvin">Claudette Colvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Douglass" title="Frederick Douglass">Frederick Douglass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._E._B._Du_Bois" title="W. E. B. Du Bois">W. E. B. Du Bois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medgar_Evers" title="Medgar Evers">Medgar Evers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Farmer" title="James Farmer">James Farmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Highland_Garnet" title="Henry Highland Garnet">Henry Highland Garnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Garvey" title="Marcus Garvey">Marcus Garvey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Gray_(attorney)" title="Fred Gray (attorney)">Fred Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fannie_Lou_Hamer" title="Fannie Lou Hamer">Fannie Lou Hamer</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kamala Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimi_Hendrix" title="Jimi Hendrix">Jimi Hendrix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Jackson" title="Jesse Jackson">Jesse Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketanji_Brown_Jackson" title="Ketanji Brown Jackson">Ketanji Brown Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Jackson" title="Michael Jackson">Michael Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Jacobs" title="Harriet Jacobs">Harriet Jacobs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Jordan" title="Barbara Jordan">Barbara Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coretta_Scott_King" title="Coretta Scott King">Coretta Scott King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">Martin Luther King Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Lafayette" title="Bernard Lafayette">Bernard Lafayette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Lawson_(activist)" title="James Lawson (activist)">James Lawson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lead_Belly" title="Lead Belly">Huddie Ledbetter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lewis" title="John Lewis">John Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Lowery" title="Joseph Lowery">Joseph Lowery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_X" title="Malcolm X">Malcolm X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thurgood_Marshall" title="Thurgood Marshall">Thurgood Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toni_Morrison" title="Toni Morrison">Toni Morrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Moses_(activist)" title="Bob Moses (activist)">Bob Moses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diane_Nash" title="Diane Nash">Diane Nash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Obama" title="Michelle Obama">Michelle Obama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosa_Parks" title="Rosa Parks">Rosa Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Clayton_Powell_Jr." title="Adam Clayton Powell Jr.">Adam Clayton Powell Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Powell" title="Colin Powell">Colin Powell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Prosser" class="mw-redirect" title="Gabriel Prosser">Gabriel Prosser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Rainey" title="Joseph Rainey">Joseph Rainey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._Philip_Randolph" title="A. Philip Randolph">A. Philip Randolph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiram_R._Revels" title="Hiram R. Revels">Hiram Revels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Robeson" title="Paul Robeson">Paul Robeson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Sharpton" title="Al Sharpton">Al Sharpton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Shuttlesworth" title="Fred Shuttlesworth">Fred Shuttlesworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_Thomas" title="Clarence Thomas">Clarence Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmett_Till" title="Emmett Till">Emmett Till</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sojourner_Truth" title="Sojourner Truth">Sojourner Truth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Tubman" title="Harriet Tubman">Harriet Tubman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nat_Turner%27s_slave_rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Nat Turner's slave rebellion">Nat Turner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark_Vesey" title="Denmark Vesey">Denmark Vesey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._T._Vivian" title="C. T. Vivian">C. T. Vivian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Walker_(abolitionist)" title="David Walker (abolitionist)">David Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Booker_T._Washington" title="Booker T. Washington">Booker T. Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ida_B._Wells" title="Ida B. Wells">Ida B. Wells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Wilkins" title="Roy Wilkins">Roy Wilkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey" title="Oprah Winfrey">Oprah Winfrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Young" title="Andrew Young">Andrew Young</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitney_Young" title="Whitney Young">Whitney Young</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d1eaeb;;width:1%">Education, science and technology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_studies" title="Black studies">Black studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Black school">Black schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historically_black_colleges_and_universities" title="Historically black colleges and universities">Historically black colleges and universities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_inventors_and_scientists" title="List of African-American inventors and scientists">Inventors and scientists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_focused_on_African_Americans" title="List of museums focused on African Americans">Museums</a></li> <li>Women <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African-American_women_in_computer_science" title="African-American women in computer science">in computer science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_women_in_medicine" title="List of African-American women in medicine">in medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_women_in_STEM_fields" title="List of African-American women in STEM fields">in STEM fields</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d1eaeb;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religion_of_Black_Americans" title="Religion of Black Americans">Religion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African-American_Jews" title="African-American Jews">African-American Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_Muslims" title="African-American Muslims">Islam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_Muslims" title="American Society of Muslims">American Society of Muslims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nation_of_Islam" title="Nation of Islam">Nation of Islam</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_church" title="Black church">Black church</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azusa_Street_Revival" title="Azusa Street Revival">Azusa Street Revival</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Hebrew_Israelites" title="Black Hebrew Israelites">Black Hebrew Israelites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_theology" title="Black theology">Black theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctrine_of_Father_Divine" class="mw-redirect" title="Doctrine of Father Divine">Doctrine of Father Divine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d1eaeb;;width:1%">Political movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_anarchism" title="Black anarchism">Anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Back-to-Africa_movement" title="Back-to-Africa movement">Back-to-Africa movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_power" title="Black power">Black power</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_power_movement" title="Black power movement">Movement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_capitalism" title="Black capitalism">Capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_conservatism" title="Black conservatism">Conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_leftism" title="African-American leftism">Leftism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Africanism" title="Pan-Africanism">Pan-Africanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_populism" title="Black populism">Populism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raised_fist" title="Raised fist">Raised fist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_self-determination" title="African-American self-determination">Self-determination</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_nationalism" title="Black nationalism">Nationalism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_socialism" title="African-American socialism">Socialism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d1eaeb;;width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Civic and economic groups</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Association_for_the_Study_of_African_American_Life_and_History" title="Association for the Study of African American Life and History">Association for the Study of African American Life and History (ASALH)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Panther_Party" title="Black Panther Party">Black Panther Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Racial_Equality" title="Congress of Racial Equality">Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NAACP" title="NAACP">National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nashville_Student_Movement" title="Nashville Student Movement">Nashville Student Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Black_Chamber_of_Commerce" title="National Black Chamber of Commerce">National Black Chamber of Commerce (NBCC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Council_of_Negro_Women" title="National Council of Negro Women">National Council of Negro Women (NCNW)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Pan-Hellenic_Council" title="National Pan-Hellenic Council">National Pan-Hellenic Council (NPHC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Urban_League" title="National Urban League">National Urban League (NUL)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Christian_Leadership_Conference" title="Southern Christian Leadership Conference">Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Student_Nonviolent_Coordinating_Committee" title="Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee">Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thurgood_Marshall_College_Fund" title="Thurgood Marshall College Fund">Thurgood Marshall College Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNCF" title="UNCF">United Negro College Fund (UNCF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Negro_Improvement_Association_and_African_Communities_League" title="Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League">Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League (UNIA-ACL)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d1eaeb;;width:1%">Sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Negro_league_baseball" title="Negro league baseball">Negro league baseball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_color_line" title="Baseball color line">Baseball color line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_players_in_professional_American_football" title="Black players in professional American football">Black players in professional American football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_black_starting_NFL_quarterbacks" title="List of black starting NFL quarterbacks">Black NFL quarterbacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_players_in_ice_hockey" title="Black players in ice hockey">Black players in ice hockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali" title="Muhammad Ali">Muhammad Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Ashe" title="Arthur Ashe">Arthur Ashe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Johnson_(boxer)" title="Jack Johnson (boxer)">Jack Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Louis" title="Joe Louis">Joe Louis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Owens" title="Jesse Owens">Jesse Owens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackie_Robinson" title="Jackie Robinson">Jackie Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serena_Williams" title="Serena Williams">Serena Williams</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Athletic associations and conferences</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Intercollegiate_Athletic_Association" title="Central Intercollegiate Athletic Association">Central (CIAA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mid-Eastern_Athletic_Conference" title="Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference">Mid-Eastern (MEAC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Intercollegiate_Athletic_Conference" title="Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Conference">Southern (SIAC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwestern_Athletic_Conference" title="Southwestern Athletic Conference">Southwestern (SWAC)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d1eaeb;;width:1%">Ethnic subdivisions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>By African descent <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fula_Americans" title="Fula Americans">Fula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gullah" title="Gullah">Gullah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igbo_Americans" title="Igbo Americans">Igbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_Americans" title="Yoruba Americans">Yoruba</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alabama_Creole_people" title="Alabama Creole people">Alabama Creole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Indians_in_the_United_States" title="Black Indians in the United States">Black Indians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Seminoles" title="Black Seminoles">Black Seminoles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_freedmen_controversy" title="Cherokee freedmen controversy">Cherokee freedmen controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choctaw_freedmen" title="Choctaw freedmen">Choctaw freedmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creek_Freedmen" title="Creek Freedmen">Creek Freedmen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Southerners" title="Black Southerners">Black Southerners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blaxican" title="Blaxican">Blaxicans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Dismal_Swamp_maroons" title="Great Dismal Swamp maroons">Great Dismal Swamp maroons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Creole_people" title="Louisiana Creole people">Louisiana Creole</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Creoles_of_color" title="Creoles of color">of color</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melungeon" title="Melungeon">Melungeon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d1eaeb;;width:1%">Demographics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African-American_neighborhood" title="African-American neighborhood">Neighborhoods</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_neighborhoods" title="List of African-American neighborhoods">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._cities_with_large_Black_populations" title="List of U.S. cities with large Black populations">U.S. cities with large populations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._communities_with_African-American_majority_populations_in_2000" title="List of U.S. communities with African-American majority populations in 2000">2000 majorities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._communities_with_African-American_majority_populations_in_2010" title="List of U.S. communities with African-American majority populations in 2010">2010 majorities</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._metropolitan_areas_with_large_African-American_populations" title="List of U.S. metropolitan areas with large African-American populations">Metropolitan areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_African-American_population" title="List of U.S. states and territories by African-American population">States and territories</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d1eaeb;;width:1%">Languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Seminole_Creole" title="Afro-Seminole Creole">Afro-Seminole Creole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Sign_Language" title="American Sign Language">American Sign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_American_Sign_Language" title="Black American Sign Language">Black American Sign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">American English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_English" title="African-American English">African-American English</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African-American_Vernacular_English" title="African-American Vernacular English">African-American Vernacular English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_Vernacular_English_and_social_context" title="African-American Vernacular English and social context">social context</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gullah_language" title="Gullah language">Gullah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Creole" title="Louisiana Creole">Louisiana Creole</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d1eaeb;;width:1%">By state/city</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Alabama" title="African Americans in Alabama">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Arkansas" title="African Americans in Arkansas">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_California" title="African Americans in California">California</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Los_Angeles" title="History of African Americans in Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_San_Francisco" title="African Americans in San Francisco">San Francisco</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Cleveland" class="mw-redirect" title="African Americans in Cleveland">Cleveland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Florida" title="African Americans in Florida">Florida</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Jacksonville" title="History of African Americans in Jacksonville">Jacksonville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Tallahassee,_Florida#Black_history" title="History of Tallahassee, Florida">Tallahassee</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Georgia" title="African Americans in Georgia">Georgia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Atlanta" title="African Americans in Atlanta">Atlanta</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Africans_in_Hawaii" title="Africans in Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Illinois" title="African Americans in Illinois">Illinois</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Chicago" title="History of African Americans in Chicago">Chicago</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Indiana" class="mw-redirect" title="African Americans in Indiana">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Iowa" class="mw-redirect" title="African Americans in Iowa">Iowa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Davenport,_Iowa" title="African Americans in Davenport, Iowa">Davenport</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Kansas" class="mw-redirect" title="History of African Americans in Kansas">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Kentucky" title="History of African Americans in Kentucky">Kentucky</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African-American_neighborhoods_in_Lexington,_Kentucky" title="African-American neighborhoods in Lexington, Kentucky">Lexington</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Louisiana" title="African Americans in Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Maryland" title="African Americans in Maryland">Maryland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Baltimore" title="History of African Americans in Baltimore">Baltimore</a></li></ul></li> <li>Massachusetts <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Boston" title="History of African Americans in Boston">Boston</a></li></ul></li> <li>Michigan <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Detroit" title="History of African Americans in Detroit">Detroit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Mississippi" title="African Americans in Mississippi">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_American_history_of_Nebraska" class="mw-redirect" title="African American history of Nebraska">Nebraska</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Omaha,_Nebraska" title="African Americans in Omaha, Nebraska">Omaha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_New_Jersey" title="African Americans in New Jersey">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="African Americans in New York">New York</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_New_York_City" title="African Americans in New York City">New York City</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_North_Carolina" title="African Americans in North Carolina">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Ohio" title="African Americans in Ohio">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Oklahoma" title="African Americans in Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Oregon" title="African Americans in Oregon">Oregon</a></li> <li>Pennsylvania <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Philadelphia" title="History of African Americans in Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afro%E2%80%93Puerto_Ricans" title="Afro–Puerto Ricans">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_South_Carolina" title="African Americans in South Carolina">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_South_Dakota" title="African Americans in South Dakota">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Tennessee" title="African Americans in Tennessee">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Texas" title="History of African Americans in Texas">Texas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Austin" title="History of African Americans in Austin">Austin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Dallas%E2%80%93Fort_Worth" title="History of African Americans in Dallas–Fort Worth">Dallas–Fort Worth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Houston" title="History of African Americans in Houston">Houston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_San_Antonio" title="History of African Americans in San Antonio">San Antonio</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Utah" title="History of African Americans in Utah">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Virginia" title="African Americans in Virginia">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_West_Virginia" title="African Americans in West Virginia">West Virginia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d1eaeb;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/African-American_diaspora" title="African-American diaspora">Diaspora</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Africa" title="African Americans in Africa">Africa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gambian_Creole_people" title="Gambian Creole people">Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Ghana" title="African Americans in Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Americo-Liberian_people" title="Americo-Liberian people">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone_Creole_people" title="Sierra Leone Creole people">Sierra Leone</a></li></ul></li> <li>America <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Nova_Scotians" title="Black Nova Scotians">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saman%C3%A1_Americans" title="Samaná Americans">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_emigration" title="Haitian emigration">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mascogos" title="Mascogos">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merikins" title="Merikins">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Israel" title="African Americans in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li>Europe <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_France" title="African Americans in France">France</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d1eaeb;;width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_African_Americans" title="Lists of African Americans">African Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_activists" title="List of African-American activists">Activists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_actors" title="List of African-American actors">Actors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_astronauts" title="List of African-American astronauts">Astronauts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_billionaires" title="Black billionaires">Billionaires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African_American_journalists" title="List of African American journalists">Journalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_jurists" class="mw-redirect" title="List of African-American jurists">Jurists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_mathematicians" title="List of African-American mathematicians">Mathematicians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_Republicans" title="List of African-American Republicans">Republicans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_singers" title="List of African-American singers">Singers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African_American_sportspeople" title="List of African American sportspeople">Sportspeople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spingarn_Medal" title="Spingarn Medal">Spingarn Medal winners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_United_States_Cabinet_members" title="List of African-American United States Cabinet members">US cabinet members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_United_States_representatives" title="List of African-American United States representatives">US representatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_United_States_senators" title="List of African-American United States senators">US senators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_visual_artists" title="List of African-American visual artists">Visual artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_writers" title="List of African-American writers">Writers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_firsts" class="mw-redirect" title="List of African-American firsts">African-American firsts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_first_African-American_mayors" title="List of first African-American mayors">Mayors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_sports_firsts" title="List of African-American sports firsts">Sports firsts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_U.S._state_firsts" title="List of African-American U.S. state firsts">US state firsts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_historic_places" title="List of African-American historic places">Historic places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_articles_related_to_African_Americans" title="Index of articles related to African Americans">Index of related articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_landmark_African-American_legislation" title="List of landmark African-American legislation">Landmark African-American legislation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lynching_victims_in_the_United_States" title="List of lynching victims in the United States">Lynching victims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monuments_to_African_Americans" title="List of monuments to African Americans">Monuments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_neighborhoods" title="List of African-American neighborhoods">Neighborhoods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_topics_related_to_the_African_diaspora" title="List of topics related to the African diaspora">Topics related to the African diaspora</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: #d1eaeb;;font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:African-American_society" title="Category:African-American society">Category</a></li> <li><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, 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title="Portal:Modern history">Modern history</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_California.svg/21px-Flag_of_California.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_California.svg/32px-Flag_of_California.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_California.svg/42px-Flag_of_California.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:California" title="Portal:California">California</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:Balance,_by_David.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Balance%2C_by_David.svg/21px-Balance%2C_by_David.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Balance%2C_by_David.svg/32px-Balance%2C_by_David.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Balance%2C_by_David.svg/41px-Balance%2C_by_David.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="606" data-file-height="558" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Law" title="Portal:Law">Law</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:Yellow_flag_waving.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Yellow_flag_waving.svg/18px-Yellow_flag_waving.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Yellow_flag_waving.svg/27px-Yellow_flag_waving.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Yellow_flag_waving.svg/35px-Yellow_flag_waving.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="268" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Liberalism" title="Portal:Liberalism">Liberalism</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/19px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/29px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/38px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/21px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10853588#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10853588#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10853588#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000065826859">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/91053810">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/2043271/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJcc9JyDBhJKwqhccjQg8C">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1181140676">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n2009045056">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb17941872t">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb17941872t">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/031517062">Japan</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/UBOV026227">Italy</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0266382&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aleph.rsl.ru/F?func=find-b&find_code=SYS&adjacent=Y&local_base=RSL11&request=000255328&CON_LNG=ENG">Russia</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aleph.rsl.ru/F?func=find-b&find_code=SYS&adjacent=Y&local_base=RSL11&request=000255327&CON_LNG=ENG">2</a></li></ul></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX6212691">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p43041692X">Netherlands</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/1593520724092">Norway</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC202398402">Korea</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810608296105606">Poland</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987009511885005171">Israel</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981059738156806706">Catalonia</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA19731103?l=en">CiNii</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=57277971100">Scopus</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/dd51245e-528b-4829-9bf2-7df9ec8d01be">MusicBrainz</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=H001075">US Congress</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd1181140676.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/1181140676">DDB</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/25104145X">IdRef</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/216888744">NARA</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6q534xz">SNAC</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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