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<span>Biographers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biographers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Miracles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Miracles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Miracles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Miracles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Analysis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Analysis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Analysis</span> </div> </a> <ul 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id="toc-Sources_and_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources_and_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Sources and references</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources_and_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown 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class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 16 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-16" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">16 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kentigern_(sant)" title="Kentigern (sant) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kentigern (sant)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svat%C3%BD_Mungo" title="Svatý Mungo – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Svatý Mungo" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyndeyrn" title="Cyndeyrn – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cyndeyrn" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mungo_(Heiliger)" title="Mungo (Heiliger) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mungo (Heiliger)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mungo" title="Mungo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Mungo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kentigern_de_Glasgow" title="Kentigern de Glasgow – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Kentigern de Glasgow" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naomh_Mungan" title="Naomh Mungan – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Naomh Mungan" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mungo_de_Glasgow" title="Mungo de Glasgow – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Mungo de Glasgow" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BC%84%ED%8B%B0%EA%B2%8C%EB%A5%B4%EB%88%84%EC%8A%A4" title="켄티게르누스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="켄티게르누스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mungo_di_Glasgow" title="Mungo di Glasgow – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Mungo di Glasgow" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kentigerno" title="Kentigerno – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kentigerno" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kentigern_av_Glasgow" title="Kentigern av Glasgow – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kentigern av Glasgow" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kentigern" title="Kentigern – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kentigern" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE" title="Святой Мунго – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Святой Мунго" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sveti_Mungo" title="Sveti Mungo – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Sveti Mungo" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B7_%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B3%D0%BE" title="Мунго з Глазго – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мунго з Глазго" data-language-autonym="Українська" 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Apostle of the British Kingdom of Strathclyde</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above n" style="font-size:125%;background-color:gold;"><div style="display:inline;" class="fn">Saint Kentigern alias Mungo</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:St_Kentigern,_better_known_as_Mungo._Founder_and_patron_saint_of_Glasgow._(10062429595).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/St_Kentigern%2C_better_known_as_Mungo._Founder_and_patron_saint_of_Glasgow._%2810062429595%29.jpg/200px-St_Kentigern%2C_better_known_as_Mungo._Founder_and_patron_saint_of_Glasgow._%2810062429595%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="235" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/St_Kentigern%2C_better_known_as_Mungo._Founder_and_patron_saint_of_Glasgow._%2810062429595%29.jpg/300px-St_Kentigern%2C_better_known_as_Mungo._Founder_and_patron_saint_of_Glasgow._%2810062429595%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/St_Kentigern%2C_better_known_as_Mungo._Founder_and_patron_saint_of_Glasgow._%2810062429595%29.jpg/400px-St_Kentigern%2C_better_known_as_Mungo._Founder_and_patron_saint_of_Glasgow._%2810062429595%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1091" data-file-height="1280" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Kentigern with a robin, a bell and a fish with a ring in its mouth</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">518 AD<br /><a href="/wiki/Culross" title="Culross">Culross</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="dday deathdate">614-01-13</span>)</span>13 January 614 (aged 95–96)<br /><a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Strathclyde" title="Kingdom of Strathclyde">Kingdom of Strathclyde</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Venerated in</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Roman Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Communion" title="Anglican Communion">Anglican Communion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Presbyterian Church">Presbyterian Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Major <a href="/wiki/Shrine" title="Shrine">shrine</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Glasgow_Cathedral" title="Glasgow Cathedral">Glasgow Cathedral</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints" title="Calendar of saints">Feast</a></th><td class="infobox-data">13 January</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Saint_symbolism" title="Saint symbolism">Attributes</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Bishop with a robin on his shoulder; holding a bell and a fish with a ring in its mouth<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Patron_saint" title="Patron saint">Patronage</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a>; <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>; <a href="/wiki/Penicuik" title="Penicuik">Penicuik</a>; <a href="/wiki/Salmon" title="Salmon">salmon</a>; those accused of infidelity; against bullies</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Kentigern</b> (<a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh</a>: <i lang="cy">Cyndeyrn Garthwys</i>; <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">Kentigernus</i>), known as <b>Mungo</b>, was a missionary in the <a href="/wiki/Celtic_Britons" title="Celtic Britons">Brittonic</a> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Strathclyde" title="Kingdom of Strathclyde">Kingdom of Strathclyde</a> in the late sixth century, and the founder and <a href="/wiki/Patron_saint" title="Patron saint">patron saint</a> of the city of <a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Mungo&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a> and <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>, this saint is known by his birth and baptismal name Kentigern (<a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh</a>: <i lang="cy">Cyndeyrn</i>). This name probably comes from the <a href="/wiki/Common_Brittonic" title="Common Brittonic">British</a> <span title="Celtic languages collective text">*<i lang="cel">Cuno-tigernos</i></span>, which is composed of the elements <span title="Celtic languages collective text">*<i lang="cel">cun</i></span>, a <a href="/wiki/Hound" title="Hound">hound</a>, and <span title="Celtic languages collective text">*<i lang="cel">tigerno</i></span>, a lord, prince, or king. The evidence is based on the <a href="/wiki/Old_Welsh" title="Old Welsh">Old Welsh</a> record <span title="Old Welsh-language text"><i lang="owl">Conthigirn(i)</i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other etymologies have been suggested, including British <span title="Celtic languages collective text">*<i lang="cel">Kintu-tigernos</i></span> 'chief prince' based on the English form Kentigern, but the Old Welsh form above and <a href="/wiki/Old_English" title="Old English">Old English</a> <span title="Old English (ca. 450-1100)-language text"><i lang="ang">Cundiʒeorn</i></span> do not appear to support this.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Particularly in Scotland, he is known by the <a href="/wiki/Nickname" title="Nickname">pet name</a> Mungo, possibly derived from the <a href="/wiki/Cumbric_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Cumbric language">Cumbric</a> equivalent of the <a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh</a>: <i lang="cy">fy nghu</i> 'my dear (one)'.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Mungo pet name or <a href="/wiki/Hypocorism" title="Hypocorism">hypocorism</a> has a Gaelic parallel in the form <span title="Scottish Gaelic-language text"><i lang="gd">Mo Choe</i></span> or <span title="Scottish Gaelic-language text"><i lang="gd">Mo Cha</i></span>, under which guise Kentigern appears in <a href="/wiki/Kirkmahoe" title="Kirkmahoe">Kirkmahoe</a>, for example, in Dumfriesshire, which appears as <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">ecclesia Sancti Kentigerni</i></span> in the <i>Arbroath Liber</i> in 1321. An ancient church in <a href="/wiki/Bromfield,_Cumbria" title="Bromfield, Cumbria">Bromfield, Cumbria</a>, is named after him, as are <a href="/wiki/Crosthwaite_Parish_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Crosthwaite Parish Church">Crosthwaite Parish Church</a> and some other churches in the northern part of <a href="/wiki/Cumbria" title="Cumbria">Cumbria</a>, for example <a href="/wiki/St_Mungo%27s_Church,_Dearham" title="St Mungo's Church, Dearham">St Mungo's Church, Dearham</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biographers">Biographers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Mungo&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Biographers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i>Life of Saint Mungo</i> was written by the <a href="/wiki/Monastery" title="Monastery">monastic</a> <a href="/wiki/Hagiography" title="Hagiography">hagiographer</a> <a href="/wiki/Jocelyn_of_Furness" class="mw-redirect" title="Jocelyn of Furness">Jocelyn of Furness</a> in about 1185.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jocelyn states that he rewrote the 'life' from an earlier Glasgow legend and an <a href="/wiki/Old_Irish" title="Old Irish">Old Irish</a> document. There are certainly two other medieval lives: the earlier partial life in the <a href="/wiki/Cotton_library" title="Cotton library">Cottonian</a> manuscript now in the <a href="/wiki/British_Library" title="British Library">British Library</a>, and the later <i>Life</i>, based on Jocelyn, by <a href="/wiki/John_of_Tynemouth_(chronicler)" title="John of Tynemouth (chronicler)">John of Tynemouth</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life">Life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Mungo&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:St_Mungo%27s_Chapel_in_Culross_in_March_2024.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/St_Mungo%27s_Chapel_in_Culross_in_March_2024.jpg/220px-St_Mungo%27s_Chapel_in_Culross_in_March_2024.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/St_Mungo%27s_Chapel_in_Culross_in_March_2024.jpg/330px-St_Mungo%27s_Chapel_in_Culross_in_March_2024.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/St_Mungo%27s_Chapel_in_Culross_in_March_2024.jpg/440px-St_Mungo%27s_Chapel_in_Culross_in_March_2024.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4080" data-file-height="1836" /></a><figcaption>"St Mungo's Chapel" in <a href="/wiki/Culross" title="Culross">Culross</a>. The chapel occupies a site traditionally regarded as the birthplace of Mungo</figcaption></figure> <p>Mungo's mother <a href="/wiki/Teneu" title="Teneu">Teneu</a> was a princess, the daughter of <a href="/wiki/King_Lot" title="King Lot">King Lleuddun</a> (Latin: Leudonus) who ruled a territory around what is now <a href="/wiki/Lothian" title="Lothian">Lothian</a> in Scotland, perhaps the kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Gododdin" title="Gododdin">Gododdin</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Y_Gogledd_Hen" class="mw-redirect" title="Y Gogledd Hen">Old North</a>. She became pregnant after being raped by <a href="/wiki/Owain_mab_Urien" title="Owain mab Urien">Owain mab Urien</a> according to the <a href="/wiki/British_Library" title="British Library">British Library</a> manuscript. However, other historic accounts claim Owain and Teneu (also known as Thaney) had a love affair whilst he was still married to his wife Penarwen and that her father, King Lot, separated the pair after she became pregnant. Later, allegedly, after Penarwen died, Tenue/Thaney returned to King Owain and the pair were able to marry before King Owain met his death battling Bernicia in 597 AD. </p><p>Her furious father had her thrown from the heights of <a href="/wiki/Traprain_Law" title="Traprain Law">Traprain Law</a>. Surviving, she was then abandoned in a <a href="/wiki/Coracle" title="Coracle">coracle</a> in which she drifted across the <a href="/wiki/Firth_of_Forth" title="Firth of Forth">Firth of Forth</a> to <a href="/wiki/Culross" title="Culross">Culross</a> in <a href="/wiki/Fife" title="Fife">Fife</a>. There Mungo was born.<sup id="cite_ref-hale_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hale-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mungo was brought up by <a href="/wiki/Saint_Serf" title="Saint Serf">Saint Serf</a> who was ministering to the <a href="/wiki/Picts" title="Picts">Picts</a> in that area. It was Serf who gave him his popular pet-name. At the age of twenty-five, Mungo began his missionary labours on the <a href="/wiki/River_Clyde" title="River Clyde">Clyde</a>, on the site of modern Glasgow. He built his church across the water from an extinct volcano, next to the Molendinar Burn, where the present medieval cathedral now stands. For some thirteen years, he laboured in the district, living a most austere life in a small cell and making many converts by his holy example and his preaching.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A strong anti-Christian movement in Strathclyde, headed by a certain King Morken, compelled Mungo to leave the district, and he retired to Wales, via Cumbria, staying for a time with <a href="/wiki/Saint_David" title="Saint David">Saint David</a> at <a href="/wiki/St_David%27s" class="mw-redirect" title="St David's">St David's</a>, and afterwards moving on to <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Gwynedd" title="Kingdom of Gwynedd">Gwynedd</a> where he founded a <a href="/wiki/St_Asaph_Cathedral" title="St Asaph Cathedral">cathedral</a> at <a href="/wiki/St_Asaph" title="St Asaph">Llanelwy</a> (St Asaph in English). While there, he undertook a pilgrimage to <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>. However, the new King of Strathclyde, <a href="/wiki/Riderch_I_of_Alt_Clut" class="mw-redirect" title="Riderch I of Alt Clut">Riderch Hael</a>, invited Mungo to return to his kingdom.<sup id="cite_ref-hunter_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hunter-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He decided to go and appointed <a href="/wiki/Saint_Asaph" title="Saint Asaph">Saint Asaph/Asaff</a> as <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_St_Asaph" title="Bishop of St Asaph">Bishop of Llanelwy</a> in his place. </p><p>For some years, Mungo fixed his <a href="/wiki/Cathedra" title="Cathedra">Episcopal seat</a> at <a href="/wiki/Hoddom" title="Hoddom">Hoddom</a> in <a href="/wiki/Dumfriesshire" title="Dumfriesshire">Dumfriesshire</a>, evangelising thence the district of <a href="/wiki/Galloway" title="Galloway">Galloway</a>. He eventually returned to Glasgow where a large community grew up around him. It was nearby, in <a href="/wiki/Kilmacolm" title="Kilmacolm">Kilmacolm</a>, that he was visited by <a href="/wiki/Columba" title="Columba">Saint Columba</a>, who was at that time labouring in Strathtay. The two saints embraced, held long converse, and exchanged their pastoral staves.<sup id="cite_ref-hunter_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hunter-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In old age, Mungo became very feeble and his chin had to be set in place with a bandage. He is said to have died in his bath, on Sunday 13 January. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Miracles">Miracles</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Mungo&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Miracles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GlasgowButeHallStKentigern.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/GlasgowButeHallStKentigern.jpg/220px-GlasgowButeHallStKentigern.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="522" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/GlasgowButeHallStKentigern.jpg/330px-GlasgowButeHallStKentigern.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/GlasgowButeHallStKentigern.jpg/440px-GlasgowButeHallStKentigern.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1029" data-file-height="2441" /></a><figcaption>Saint Mungo (University of Glasgow)</figcaption></figure> <p>In the <i>Life of Saint Mungo</i>, he performed four miracles in Glasgow. The following verse is used to remember Mungo's four miracles: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><div class="poem"> <p>Here is the bird that never flew<br /> Here is the tree that never grew<br /> Here is the bell that never rang<br /> Here is the fish that never swam<sup id="cite_ref-scotsman_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scotsman-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </div></blockquote> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Verse_(poetry)" title="Verse (poetry)">verses</a> refer to the following: </p> <ul><li><i>The Bird</i>: Mungo restored life to a robin that had been killed by some of his classmates.<sup id="cite_ref-hale_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hale-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>The Tree</i>: Mungo had been left in charge of a fire in Saint Serf's monastery. He fell asleep and the fire went out. Taking a hazel branch, he restarted the fire.<sup id="cite_ref-foghlam_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-foghlam-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>The Bell</i>: the bell is thought to have been brought by Mungo from Rome. It was said to have been used in services and to mourn the dead. The original bell no longer exists, and a replacement, created in the 1640s, is now on display in Glasgow.</li> <li><i>The Fish</i>: refers to the story about Queen Languoreth of Strathclyde who was suspected of infidelity by her husband. King Riderch demanded to see her ring, which he claimed she had given to her lover. In reality the King had thrown it into the River Clyde. Faced with execution she appealed for help to Mungo, who ordered a messenger to catch a fish in the river. On opening the fish, the ring was miraculously found inside, which allowed the Queen to clear her name. (This story may be confused with an almost identical one concerning King <a href="/wiki/Maelgwn_Hir_ap_Cadwallon" class="mw-redirect" title="Maelgwn Hir ap Cadwallon">Maelgwn</a> of Gwynedd and <a href="/wiki/Saint_Asaph" title="Saint Asaph">Saint Asaph</a>.)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Analysis">Analysis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Mungo&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Analysis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mungo's ancestry is recorded in the <i><a href="/wiki/Bonedd_y_Saint" title="Bonedd y Saint">Bonedd y Saint</a></i>. His father, Owain was a King of <a href="/wiki/Rheged" title="Rheged">Rheged</a>. His maternal grandfather, Lleuddun, was probably a King of the <a href="/wiki/Gododdin" title="Gododdin">Gododdin</a>; <a href="/wiki/Lothian" title="Lothian">Lothian</a> was named after him. There seems little reason to doubt that Mungo was one of the first evangelists of Strathclyde, under the patronage of King Rhiderch Hael, and probably became the first <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Glasgow" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishop of Glasgow">Bishop of Glasgow</a>. </p><p>Jocelin seems to have altered parts of the original life that he did not understand; while adding others, like the trip to Rome, that served his own purposes, largely the promotion of the <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Glasgow" class="mw-redirect" title="Diocese of Glasgow">Bishopric of Glasgow</a>. Some new parts may have been collected from genuine local stories, particularly those of Mungo's work in <a href="/wiki/Cumbria" title="Cumbria">Cumbria</a>. S. Mundahl-Harris has shown that Mungo's associations with <a href="/wiki/St_Asaph" title="St Asaph">St Asaph</a> were a <a href="/wiki/Normans" title="Normans">Norman</a> invention.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> However, in Scotland, excavations at Hoddom have brought confirmation of early Christian activity there, uncovering a late 6th-century stone baptistery. </p><p>Details of Mungo's infirmity have a ring of authenticity about them. The year of Mungo's death is sometimes given as 603, but is recorded in the <a href="/wiki/Annales_Cambriae" title="Annales Cambriae">Annales Cambriae</a> as 612. 13 January was a Sunday in both 603 and 614. David McRoberts has argued that his death in the bath is a garbled version of his collapse during a baptismal service. </p><p>In a late 15th-century fragmentary manuscript generally called '<a href="/wiki/Lailoken" title="Lailoken">Lailoken</a> and Kentigern', Mungo appears in conflict with the mad prophet, Lailoken alias <a href="/wiki/Merlin_(wizard)" class="mw-redirect" title="Merlin (wizard)">Merlin</a>. Lailoken's appearance at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Arfderydd" title="Battle of Arfderydd">Battle of Arfderydd</a> in 573 has led to a connection being made between this battle, the rise of Riderch Hael and the return of Mungo to Strathclyde. </p><p>The <i>Life of Saint Mungo</i> bears similarities with <a href="/wiki/Chr%C3%A9tien_de_Troyes" title="Chrétien de Troyes">Chrétien de Troyes</a>'s French romance <i><a href="/wiki/Yvain,_the_Knight_of_the_Lion" title="Yvain, the Knight of the Lion">Yvain, the Knight of the Lion</a></i>. In Chrétien's story, <a href="/wiki/Ywain" title="Ywain">Yvain</a>, a version of Owain mab Urien, courts and marries <a href="/wiki/Laudine" title="Laudine">Laudine</a>, only to leave her for a period to go adventuring. This suggests that the works share a common source.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Veneration">Veneration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Mungo&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Veneration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stmungotomb.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Stmungotomb.JPG/200px-Stmungotomb.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Stmungotomb.JPG/300px-Stmungotomb.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Stmungotomb.JPG/400px-Stmungotomb.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Tomb of St. Mungo in the crypt of <a href="/wiki/Glasgow_Cathedral" title="Glasgow Cathedral">Glasgow Cathedral</a></figcaption></figure> <p>On the spot where Mungo was buried now stands the <a href="/wiki/Glasgow_Cathedral" title="Glasgow Cathedral">cathedral</a> dedicated in his honour. His <a href="/wiki/Shrine" title="Shrine">shrine</a> was a great centre of Christian pilgrimage until the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Reformation" title="Scottish Reformation">Scottish Reformation</a>. His remains are said to still rest in the crypt. A spring called "St. Mungo's Well" fell eastwards from the apse. </p><p>His festival was kept throughout Scotland on 13 January. The <a href="/wiki/Bollandist" title="Bollandist">Bollandists</a> have printed a special mass for this feast, dating from the 13th century. His <a href="/wiki/Feast_day" class="mw-redirect" title="Feast day">feast day</a> in the West is 13 January. His feast day in the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox Church</a> is 14 January. </p><p>Mungo's four religious miracles in Glasgow are represented in the city's <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Glasgow" class="mw-redirect" title="Coat of arms of Glasgow">coat of arms</a>. Glasgow's current <a href="/wiki/Motto" title="Motto">motto</a> <i>Let Glasgow flourish by the preaching of His word and the praising of His name</i> and the more secular <i>Let Glasgow flourish</i>, are both inspired by Mungo's original call <i>"Let Glasgow flourish by the preaching of the word"</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-foghlam_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-foghlam-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Saint Mungo's Well was a cold water spring and bath at Copgrove, near <a href="/wiki/Ripon" title="Ripon">Ripon</a>, North Yorkshire, formerly believed effective for treating <a href="/wiki/Rickets" title="Rickets">rickets</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Glasgow Fire Brigade also named their <a href="/wiki/Fireboat" title="Fireboat">fireboat</a> <a href="/wiki/St._Mungo_(fireboat)" title="St. Mungo (fireboat)"><i>St. Mungo</i></a>, which served the around the Clyde from 1959 to 1975.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/LNER_Peppercorn_Class_A1" title="LNER Peppercorn Class A1">LNER Peppercorn Class A1</a> steam locomotive 60145 was named <i>Saint Mungo</i>, entering service with <a href="/wiki/British_Rail" title="British Rail">British Railways</a> in 1949. </p><p>Mungo is <a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints_(Church_of_England)" title="Calendar of saints (Church of England)">remembered</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a> with a <a href="/wiki/Commemoration_(observance)" class="mw-redirect" title="Commemoration (observance)">commemoration</a> on 13 January.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Namesake_churches,_schools_and_charities"><span id="Namesake_churches.2C_schools_and_charities"></span>Namesake churches, schools and charities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Mungo&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Namesake churches, schools and charities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stmungorc.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Stmungorc.JPG/145px-Stmungorc.JPG" decoding="async" width="145" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Stmungorc.JPG/218px-Stmungorc.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Stmungorc.JPG/290px-Stmungorc.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/St_Mungo%27s_Church,_Townhead" class="mw-redirect" title="St Mungo's Church, Townhead">St Mungo's Church, Townhead</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Saint Mungo founded a number of churches during his period as Archbishop of Strathclyde of which <a href="/wiki/Stobo_Kirk" title="Stobo Kirk">Stobo Kirk</a> is a notable example. At <a href="/wiki/Townhead" title="Townhead">Townhead</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dennistoun" title="Dennistoun">Dennistoun</a> in <a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a> there is a modern <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a> church and a traditional <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Episcopal_Church" title="Scottish Episcopal Church">Scottish Episcopal Church</a><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> respectively dedicated to the saint. </p><p><a href="/wiki/St_Mungo%27s_Academy" title="St Mungo's Academy">St Mungo's Academy</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Co-educational" class="mw-redirect" title="Co-educational">co-educational</a>, <a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_school" title="Comprehensive school">comprehensive</a>, <a href="/wiki/Secondary_school" title="Secondary school">secondary school</a> located in <a href="/wiki/Bridgeton,_Glasgow" title="Bridgeton, Glasgow">Bridgeton, Glasgow</a>. </p><p>Another church established by the saint himself was <a href="/wiki/St_Kentigern%27s_Church,_Lanark_(Hyndford_Road)" title="St Kentigern's Church, Lanark (Hyndford Road)">St Kentigern's Church</a> of <a href="/wiki/Lanark" title="Lanark">Lanark</a>, founded shortly before his death, and which now stands in ruins. Another church called <a href="/w/index.php?title=St_Kentigern%27s_Church,_Lanark_(Hope_Street)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="St Kentigern's Church, Lanark (Hope Street) (page does not exist)">St Kentigern's</a> was built in the town in the late 19th century. It is still present but has been converted to housing and office space.<sup id="cite_ref-Clydesdale's_Heritage_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clydesdale's_Heritage-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-HES_Lanark_Church_(Hope_St)_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HES_Lanark_Church_(Hope_St)-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Kilmarnock" title="Kilmarnock">Kilmarnock</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Scotland" title="Church of Scotland">Church of Scotland</a> congregation is named St Kentigern's. </p><p><a href="/wiki/St._Kentigern%27s_Academy" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Kentigern's Academy">St. Kentigern's Academy</a> opened in <a href="/wiki/Blackburn,_West_Lothian" title="Blackburn, West Lothian">Blackburn, West Lothian</a> in September 1974. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Alloa" title="Alloa">Alloa</a>, a chapel dedicated to St. Mungo is thought to have been erected during the fourteenth or fifteenth-century. The present <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Scotland" title="Church of Scotland">Church of Scotland</a> <a href="/wiki/St._Mungo%27s_Parish_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Mungo's Parish Church">St. Mungo's Parish Church</a> in Alloa was built in 1817. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Cumbernauld" title="Cumbernauld">Cumbernauld</a>, there is St. Mungo's Parish Church in the centre of the New Town. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Lake_District" title="Lake District">Lake District</a> village of <a href="/wiki/Caldbeck" title="Caldbeck">Caldbeck</a> there is a church and a well named after him. The Cumbrian parish churches at Crossthwaite in Keswick, Mungrisdale, Castle Sowerby, and Irthington are also dedicated to St Kentigern. There are two Cumbrian churches dedicated to St Mungo, one at Bromfield (also a well and castle) and one at <a href="/wiki/St_Mungo%27s_Church,_Dearham" title="St Mungo's Church, Dearham">Dearham</a>. </p><p>There is a St Kentigern's school and church in <a href="/wiki/Blackpool" title="Blackpool">Blackpool</a>. </p><p>In Falkirk, there is a St. Mungo's High School. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Grinsdale" title="Grinsdale">Grinsdale</a>, Cumbria there is a church venerated to St. Kentigern. </p><p>Also in Cumbria, there are two Greek Orthodox Communities venerated to St. Mungo/Kentigern, one in <a href="/wiki/Dalton-in-Furness" title="Dalton-in-Furness">Dalton-in-Furness</a> and the other in <a href="/wiki/Keswick,_Cumbria" title="Keswick, Cumbria">Keswick</a>. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Fallowfield" title="Fallowfield">Fallowfield</a>, a suburb of the city of Manchester, a Roman Catholic church is dedicated to Saint Kentigern. </p><p>St Kentigern's is a small Roman Catholic Church in the village of <a href="/wiki/Eyeries" title="Eyeries">Eyeries</a>, on the Beara peninsula in West Cork, Ireland.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mungo or Kentigern is the patron of a <a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_church" class="mw-redirect" title="Presbyterian church">Presbyterian church</a> school in <a href="/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland">Auckland</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>, which has two campuses: <a href="/wiki/Saint_Kentigern_College" title="Saint Kentigern College">Saint Kentigern College</a>, a secondary co-ed college in the suburb of <a href="/wiki/Pakuranga" title="Pakuranga">Pakuranga</a>, and a joint Boys School, Girls School and Pre-School in the suburb of <a href="/wiki/Remuera" title="Remuera">Remuera</a>. </p><p>There is a United Church of Canada charge in Cushing Quebec Canada, Saint Mungo's United Church. Built in the 1836 originally as a Church of Scotland, it has recently been restored for its 180th anniversary. </p><p>Although secular, the English charity for the support and empowerment of the homeless, <a href="/wiki/St_Mungo%27s_(charity)" title="St Mungo's (charity)">St. Mungo's</a>, was named after the saint by its founder. The Glasgow-born Harry Stone named it in honour of the patron saint of his birth city when the charity was established in 1969.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Saint Mungo's runs hostels, outreach, emergency shelters, and employment and training services. It provides an online and in-person "Recovery College" free to its students.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The ruinous St. Mungo's Chapel (also known as <a href="/wiki/St._Serf" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Serf">St. Serf</a>'s Chapel) in Culross is traditionally said to have been built on the site of Mungo's birth place. Founded in 1503, it later fell into ruin and was silted up. The site was excavated in 1926. It is now a <a href="/wiki/Scheduled_monument" title="Scheduled monument">scheduled monument</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CulrossCanmore_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CulrossCanmore-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CulrossHES_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CulrossHES-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fiction">Fiction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Mungo&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Fiction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>St. Mungo is mentioned in the <i><a href="/wiki/Father_Brown" title="Father Brown">Father Brown</a></i> series of books by <a href="/wiki/G._K._Chesterton" title="G. K. Chesterton">G. K. Chesterton</a>, as the titular saint of Father Brown's parish.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>St. Mungo's Hospital for Magical Maladies and Injuries is the primary hospital of Magical Britain in the <i><a href="/wiki/Harry_Potter" title="Harry Potter">Harry Potter</a></i> series of books by <a href="/wiki/J._K._Rowling" title="J. K. Rowling">J. K. Rowling</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-scotsman_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scotsman-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kentigern Gardens is the location of a murder in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Cuckoo%27s_Calling" title="The Cuckoo's Calling">The Cuckoo's Calling</a></i>, a novel published under <a href="/wiki/J._K._Rowling" title="J. K. Rowling">J. K. Rowling</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Pseudonym" title="Pseudonym">pseudonym</a> of Robert Galbraith.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Mungo is the main character in <i><a href="/wiki/Young_Mungo" title="Young Mungo">Young Mungo</a></i>, a novel by Douglas Stuart. Name holds symbolic importance for the character's story.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Mungo&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/St_Kentigern%27s_Church_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="St Kentigern's Church (disambiguation)">St Kentigern's Church</a> – dedicated churches</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholic_Church/Patron_Archive/January_14" title="Portal:Catholic Church/Patron Archive/January 14">Saint Mungo, patron saint archive</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Mungo&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120306012500/http://saints.sqpn.com/saintk04.htm">"Saint Kentigern"</a>. Saints.sqpn.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://saints.sqpn.com/saintk04.htm">the original</a> on 6 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Saint+Kentigern&rft.pub=Saints.sqpn.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsaints.sqpn.com%2Fsaintk04.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Mungo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJackson1953" class="citation book cs1">Jackson, Kenneth (1953). <i>Language and History in Early Britain</i>. Edinburgh University Press. p. 676. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85182-140-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-85182-140-6"><bdi>1-85182-140-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Language+and+History+in+Early+Britain&rft.pages=676&rft.pub=Edinburgh+University+Press&rft.date=1953&rft.isbn=1-85182-140-6&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Mungo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">It may also be worth noting that the Welsh <span title="Welsh-language text"><i lang="cy">cynt</i></span> and <a href="/wiki/Cornish_language" title="Cornish language">Cornish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Breton_language" title="Breton language">Breton</a> equivalents mean 'sooner, earlier, prior' and not 'chief' as is assumed by the derivation. Suggestions that the name may derive from British <span title="Celtic languages collective text">*<i lang="cel">Kon-tigern</i></span> with <span title="Celtic languages collective text">*<i lang="cel">kom-</i></span> 'with' (cognate with the Latin <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">com-, con-, co-</i></span>) are unfounded. The element is barely known in Brythonic personal names and the meaning 'co-prince' or 'our ruler' (sic.) seems unlikely as a birth name. Moreover, the Brit. <span title="Celtic languages collective text"><i lang="cel">Kontigernos</i></span> would have rendered Welsh <span title="Welsh-language text">*<i lang="cy">Cynteyrn</i></span> which does not occur.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">However the meaning is disputed; as noted in Donald Attwater's <i>The Penguin Dictionary of Saints</i>, Penguin, Harmondsworth, 1965; p. 213</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">On this life by Jocelin, i.e. the <i>Vita Kentigerni</i>, see Lindsay McArthur Irvin, "Building a British Identity: Jocelin of Furness's use of sources in <i>Vita Kentigerni</i>, in <i>Identity and Alterity in Hagiography and the Cult of Saints</i>, eds. Ana Mariković & Trpimir Vedriš; Zagreb: Hagiotheca, 2010; pp. 103–17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hale-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hale_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hale_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHale1989" class="citation book cs1">Hale, Reginald B. (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jNWhGD2JAzMC"><i>The Beloved St. Mungo, Founder of Glasgow</i></a>. University of Ottawa Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7766-0227-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7766-0227-1"><bdi>978-0-7766-0227-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Beloved+St.+Mungo%2C+Founder+of+Glasgow&rft.pub=University+of+Ottawa+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-7766-0227-1&rft.aulast=Hale&rft.aufirst=Reginald+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjNWhGD2JAzMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Mungo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.passionistsglasgow.com/st-mungo-patron-saint-of-glasgow.html">"Saint Mungo", Saint Mungo's Church, Glasgow</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hunter-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hunter_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hunter_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHunter-Blair" class="citation web cs1">Hunter-Blair, Oswald. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08620a.htm">"CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Saint Kentigern"</a>. <i>www.newadvent.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.newadvent.org&rft.atitle=CATHOLIC+ENCYCLOPEDIA%3A+Saint+Kentigern&rft.aulast=Hunter-Blair&rft.aufirst=Oswald&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newadvent.org%2Fcathen%2F08620a.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Mungo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-scotsman-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-scotsman_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-scotsman_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scotsman.com/whats-on/arts-and-entertainment/st-mungo-and-his-mysterious-deeds-2511057">"St Mungo and his mysterious deeds"</a>. <i>www.scotsman.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.scotsman.com&rft.atitle=St+Mungo+and+his+mysterious+deeds&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scotsman.com%2Fwhats-on%2Farts-and-entertainment%2Fst-mungo-and-his-mysterious-deeds-2511057&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Mungo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-foghlam-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-foghlam_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-foghlam_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.educationscotland.gov.uk/scotlandshistory/britonsgaelsvikings/kentigern/index.asp">"Kentigern", Foghlam Alba</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140506215203/http://www.educationscotland.gov.uk/scotlandshistory/britonsgaelsvikings/kentigern/index.asp">Archived</a> 6 May 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Duggan, Joseph J. (1987). In Chrétien de Troyes; Burton Raffel, <i>Yvain, the Knight of the Lion</i>, pp. 214–216. Yale University Press.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"The grandchildren of Lady Anne Clifford were sent to Utrecht in 1655 for the treatment of rickets and returned two years later in a man-of-war. On their return they were taken off to St Mungo's well, near Knaresborough, for further treatment by cold bathing." (Swinburne, L. M. "Rickets and the Fairfax family receipt books" <i>Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine</i>, <b>99</b>, 2006:391–95).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.halikeld.f9.co.uk/holywells/north/mungo1.htm">"Yorkshire Holy Wells"</a>. Halikeld.f9.co.uk<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Yorkshire+Holy+Wells&rft.pub=Halikeld.f9.co.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.halikeld.f9.co.uk%2Fholywells%2Fnorth%2Fmungo1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Mungo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKirkwood" class="citation web cs1">Kirkwood, Graeme. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120630225048/http://www.btinternet.com/~graeme.kirkwood/SFB/FB.htm">"Fire Boats"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.btinternet.com/~graeme.kirkwood/SFB/FB.htm">the original</a> on 30 June 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 December</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fire+Boats&rft.aulast=Kirkwood&rft.aufirst=Graeme&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.btinternet.com%2F~graeme.kirkwood%2FSFB%2FFB.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Mungo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.churchofengland.org/prayer-and-worship/worship-texts-and-resources/common-worship/churchs-year/calendar">"The Calendar"</a>. <i>The Church of England</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Church+of+England&rft.atitle=The+Calendar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.churchofengland.org%2Fprayer-and-worship%2Fworship-texts-and-resources%2Fcommon-worship%2Fchurchs-year%2Fcalendar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Mungo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eastendepiscopal.org.uk/stkentigern.html">"St Kentigern's Episcopal Church, Dennistoun, Glasgow"</a>. <i>eastendepiscopal.org.uk</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=eastendepiscopal.org.uk&rft.atitle=St+Kentigern%27s+Episcopal+Church%2C+Dennistoun%2C+Glasgow&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feastendepiscopal.org.uk%2Fstkentigern.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Mungo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Clydesdale's_Heritage-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Clydesdale's_Heritage_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.clydesdalesheritage.org.uk/st-kentigerns-church-lanark/">"St Kentigern's Church, Lanark"</a>. <i>Clydesdale's Heritage</i>. Lanark and District Archaeological Society. 13 October 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Clydesdale%27s+Heritage&rft.atitle=St+Kentigern%27s+Church%2C+Lanark&rft.date=2011-10-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.clydesdalesheritage.org.uk%2Fst-kentigerns-church-lanark%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Mungo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HES_Lanark_Church_(Hope_St)-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HES_Lanark_Church_(Hope_St)_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://portal.historic-scotland.gov.uk/designation/LB37007">"HOPE STREET ST KENTIGERN'S CHURCH (CHURCH OF SCOTLAND)"</a>. <i>Historic Scotland: Designations</i>. Historic Environment Scotland<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Historic+Scotland%3A+Designations&rft.atitle=HOPE+STREET+ST+KENTIGERN%27S+CHURCH+%28CHURCH+OF+SCOTLAND%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fportal.historic-scotland.gov.uk%2Fdesignation%2FLB37007&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Mungo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eyeries.ie/activities-mass-times.php">St Kentigern’s Catholic Church</a> on Eyeries website</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGould2009" class="citation news cs1">Gould, Mark (7 July 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/society/2009/jul/08/st-mungos-fraser-homelessness">"Soup and sympathy: Mark Gould talks to Charles Fraser, chief executive of St Mungo's"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Soup+and+sympathy%3A+Mark+Gould+talks+to+Charles+Fraser%2C+chief+executive+of+St+Mungo%27s&rft.date=2009-07-07&rft.aulast=Gould&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fsociety%2F2009%2Fjul%2F08%2Fst-mungos-fraser-homelessness&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Mungo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mungos.org/about-us/our-history/">"Our history"</a>. <i>St Mungo's</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=St+Mungo%27s&rft.atitle=Our+history&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mungos.org%2Fabout-us%2Four-history%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Mungo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mungos.org/our-services/recovery-college/">"Our services: Recovery College"</a>. <i>St Mungo's</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=St+Mungo%27s&rft.atitle=Our+services%3A+Recovery+College&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mungos.org%2Four-services%2Frecovery-college%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Mungo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CulrossCanmore-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CulrossCanmore_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://canmore.org.uk/site/48020/culross-low-causeway-st-mungos-chapel">"Culross, Low Causeway, St Mungo's Chapel"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Canmore_(database)" title="Canmore (database)">Canmore</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Canmore&rft.atitle=Culross%2C+Low+Causeway%2C+St+Mungo%27s+Chapel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcanmore.org.uk%2Fsite%2F48020%2Fculross-low-causeway-st-mungos-chapel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Mungo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CulrossHES-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CulrossHES_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://portal.historicenvironment.scot/designation/SM832">"Culross,St Mungo's or St Serf's Chapel"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Historic_Environment_Scotland" title="Historic Environment Scotland">Historic Environment Scotland</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Historic+Environment+Scotland&rft.atitle=Culross%2CSt+Mungo%27s+or+St+Serf%27s+Chapel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fportal.historicenvironment.scot%2Fdesignation%2FSM832&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Mungo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources_and_references">Sources and references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Mungo&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Sources and references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The Magnificent Gael [Reginald B. Hale] 1976, World Media Productions* <a href="/wiki/Sabine_Baring-Gould" title="Sabine Baring-Gould">Baring-Gould, Sabine</a> & Fisher, John (1907: 2000) <i>Lives of the British Saints</i>. 8 vols. Felinfach: Llanerch (Facsim. reprint in 8 parts of the 4 vol. ed. published: London: Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion, 1907–1913.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chr%C3%A9tien_de_Troyes" title="Chrétien de Troyes">Chrétien de Troyes</a>; <a href="/wiki/Burton_Raffel" title="Burton Raffel">Burton Raffel</a>, ed. (1987) <i>Yvain, the Knight of the Lion</i>. New Haven: Yale University Press.</li> <li>Davies, John Reuben, "Bishop Kentigern among the Britons," in Boardman, Steve, John Reuben Davies, Eila Williamson (eds), <i>Saints' Cults in the Celtic World</i> (Woodbridge, Boydell Press, 2009) (Studies in Celtic History),</li> <li>Delaney, John J. (1983) <i>Pocket Dictionary of Saints</i>. Image Books.</li> <li>Lowe, Chris (1999) <i>Angels, Fools and Tyrants</i>. Edinburgh: Canongate Books & <a href="/wiki/Historic_Scotland" title="Historic Scotland">Historic Scotland</a></li> <li>Rees, Elizabeth (2000) <i>Celtic Saints: passionate wanderers</i>. London: Thames & Hudson</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08620a.htm">"St. Kentigern"</a>. "The Catholic Encyclopedia". New Advent.</li> <li>Tranter, Nigel (1993) <i><a href="/wiki/Historical_novels_by_Nigel_Tranter_set_before_1286#Druid_Sacrifice" class="mw-redirect" title="Historical novels by Nigel Tranter set before 1286">Druid Sacrifice</a></i>. London: Hodder & Stoughton (historical novel)</li> <li>Wade-Evans, A. W. (1934) <i>Welsh Christian Origins</i>. Oxford: Alden Press</li> <li>McArthur Irvin, Lindsay, "Building a British Identity: Jocelin of Furness's Use of Sources in Vita Kentigerni," in <i>Identity and Alterity in Hagiography and the Cult ofSaints</i>, eds. Ana Marinkovic and Trpimir Vedris (Zagreb: Hagiotheca, 2010), 103–117 <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110708132620/http://www.centreleonardboyle.com/identityandalterity.html">"Identity and Alterity in Hagiography and the Cult of Saints"</a>. Centreleonardboyle.com. 19 December 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.centreleonardboyle.com/identityandalterity.html">the original</a> on 8 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Identity+and+Alterity+in+Hagiography+and+the+Cult+of+Saints&rft.pub=Centreleonardboyle.com&rft.date=2010-12-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.centreleonardboyle.com%2Fidentityandalterity.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Mungo" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Mungo&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120827062957/http://www.mun.ca/mst/heroicage/issues/6/gough-cooper.html">Kentigern and Gonothigernus (<i>Heroic Age Online Journal</i>) </a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nC7CsylQ9eQ">St Mungo's Holy Well, Alloway, Ayrshire</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output 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navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000027214560">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/55657515">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1828379/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJgMtJTFF7yCxRg7GFHgrq">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118910213">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n87111775">United States</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118910213.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118910213">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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