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href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annales_Cambriae" title="Annales Cambriae – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Annales Cambriae" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annales_Cambriae" title="Annales Cambriae – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Annales Cambriae" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annales_Cambriae" title="Annales Cambriae – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Annales Cambriae" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annales_Cambriae" title="Annales Cambriae – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Annales Cambriae" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annales_Cambriae" title="Annales Cambriae – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Annales Cambriae" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annales_Cambriae" title="Annales Cambriae – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Annales Cambriae" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annales_Cambriae" title="Annales Cambriae – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Annales Cambriae" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BA%84%EB%B8%8C%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84_%ED%8E%B8%EB%85%84%EC%82%AC" title="캄브리아 편년사 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="캄브리아 편년사" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kambrijski_anali" title="Kambrijski anali – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kambrijski anali" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annales_Cambriae" title="Annales Cambriae – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Annales Cambriae" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annales_Cambriae" title="Annales Cambriae – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Annales Cambriae" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annales_Cambriae" title="Annales Cambriae – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Annales Cambriae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%B3%E3%83%96%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3%E8%A8%98" title="カンブリア年代記 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カンブリア年代記" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annales_Cambriae" title="Annales Cambriae – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Annales Cambriae" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annales_Cambriae" title="Annales Cambriae – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Annales Cambriae" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Анналы Камбрии – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Анналы Камбрии" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annales_Cambriae" title="Annales Cambriae – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Annales Cambriae" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a 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searchaux" style="display:none">Chronicle of medieval British history</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AC.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/AC.jpeg/250px-AC.jpeg" decoding="async" width="250" height="344" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/AC.jpeg/375px-AC.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/AC.jpeg/500px-AC.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1789" data-file-height="2462" /></a><figcaption><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Annales Cambriae</i></span>: page view from MS. <b>A</b></figcaption></figure> <p>The <b><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Annales Cambriae</i></span></b> (<a href="/wiki/Medieval_Latin" title="Medieval Latin">Latin</a> for <i><b>Annals of Wales</b></i>) is the title given to a complex of Latin chronicles compiled or derived from diverse sources at <a href="/wiki/St_David%27s" class="mw-redirect" title="St David's">St David's</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Dyfed" title="Kingdom of Dyfed">Dyfed</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a>. The earliest is a 12th-century presumed copy of a mid-10th-century original; later editions were compiled in the 13th century. Despite the name, the <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Annales Cambriae</i></span> record not only events in Wales, but also events in <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cornwall" title="Cornwall">Cornwall</a>, <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a> and sometimes further afield, though the focus of the events recorded especially in the later two-thirds of the text is Wales. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Annales_Cambriae&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The principal versions of <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Annales Cambriae</i></span> appear in four manuscripts: </p> <ul><li><b>A</b>: London, <a href="/wiki/British_Library" title="British Library">British Library</a>, Harley MS 3859, folios 190r–193r.</li> <li><b>B</b>: London (Kew), <a href="/wiki/The_National_Archives_(United_Kingdom)" title="The National Archives (United Kingdom)">National Archives</a>, MS. E.164/1 (K.R. Misc. Books, Series I) pp. 2–26</li> <li><b>C</b>: London, British Library, MS. <a href="/wiki/Cotton_Domitian" class="mw-redirect" title="Cotton Domitian">Cotton Domitian</a> A.i, folios 138r–155r</li> <li><b>D</b>: <a href="/wiki/Exeter_Cathedral" title="Exeter Cathedral">Exeter, Cathedral</a> Library, MS. 3514, pp. 523–28, the <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Cronica ante aduentum Domini</i></span>.</li> <li><b>E</b>: <i>ibid.</i>, pp. 507–19, the <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Cronica de Wallia</i></span>.</li> <li><b>A</b> is written in a hand of about 1100–1130 AD, and inserted without title into a manuscript (MS) of the <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Historia_Brittonum" title="Historia Brittonum">Historia Brittonum</a></i></span> where it is immediately followed by a pedigree for <a href="/wiki/Owain_ap_Hywel_Dda" title="Owain ap Hywel Dda">Owain ap Hywel</a> (died 988). Although no explicit chronology is given in the MS, its annals seem to run from about AD 445 to 977 with the last entry at 954, making it likely that the text belongs to the second half of the 10th century.</li> <li><b>B</b> was written, probably at the <a href="/wiki/Cistercian" class="mw-redirect" title="Cistercian">Cistercian</a> abbey of <a href="/wiki/Neath" title="Neath">Neath</a>, at the end of the 13th century. It is entitled <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Annales ab orbe condito adusque A. D. mcclxxxvi</i></span> [1286].</li> <li><b>C</b> is part of a book written at St David's, and is entitled <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Annales ab orbe condito adusque A. D. mcclxxxviii</i></span> [1288]; this is also of the late 13th century.</li></ul> <p>Two of the texts, <b>B</b> and <b>C</b>, begin with a World Chronicle derived from <a href="/wiki/Isidore_of_Seville" title="Isidore of Seville">Isidore of Seville</a>'s <i>Origines</i> (Book V, ch. 39<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), through the medium of <a href="/wiki/Bede" title="Bede">Bede</a>'s <i>Chronica minora</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <b>B</b> begins its annals with <a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar%27s_invasions_of_Britain" title="Julius Caesar's invasions of Britain">Julius Caesar's invasion of Britain</a> "sixty years before the incarnation of the Lord." After A.D. 457, <b>B</b> agrees closely with <b>A</b> until <b>A</b> ends. <b>C</b> commences its annals after the empire of <a href="/wiki/Heraclius" title="Heraclius">Heraclius</a> (AD 610–41) at a year corresponding to AD 677. <b>C</b> mostly agrees with <b>A</b> until <b>A</b> ends, although it is clear that <b>A</b> was not the common source for <b>B</b> and <b>C</b> (Dumville 2002, p. xi). <b>B</b> and <b>C</b> diverge after 1203, <b>C</b> having fewer and briefer Welsh entries. </p><p><b>D</b> and <b>E</b> are found in a manuscript written at the Cistercian abbey of <a href="/wiki/Whitland" title="Whitland">Whitland</a> in south-west Wales in the later 13th century; the <i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Cronica ante aduentum Domini</i></span></i> (which takes its title from its opening words) extends from 1132 BC to 1285 AD, while the <i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Cronica de Wallia</i></span></i> extends from 1190 to 1266. </p><p><b>A</b> alone has benefited from a complete diplomatic edition (Phillimore 1888).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Source_for_the_Arthurian_legend">Source for the Arthurian legend</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Annales_Cambriae&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Source for the Arthurian legend"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are two entries in the <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Annales</i></span> on <a href="/wiki/King_Arthur" title="King Arthur">King Arthur</a>, one on <a href="/wiki/Mordred" title="Mordred">Medraut</a> (Mordred), and one on <a href="/wiki/Merlin" title="Merlin">Merlin</a>. These entries have been presented in the past as proof of the existence of Arthur and Merlin,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although that view is no longer widely held because the Arthurian entries could have been added arbitrarily as late as 970, long after the development of the early Arthurian myth. </p><p>The entries on Arthur and Mordred in the <b>A</b> Text: </p> <dl><dd>Year 72 (c. AD 516) The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mons_Badonicus" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Mons Badonicus">Battle of Badon</a>, in which Arthur carried the cross of our Lord Jesus Christ on his shoulders for three days and three nights and the Britons were victors.</dd> <dd>Year 93 (c. 537) The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Camlann" title="Battle of Camlann">Strife of Camlann</a> in which Arthur and Medraut (Mordred) fell and there was death in Britain and in Ireland.</dd></dl> <p>Concerning Arthur's cross at the Battle of Badon, it is mirrored by a passage in <a href="/wiki/Nennius" title="Nennius">Nennius</a> where Arthur was said to have borne the image of the <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Mary" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin Mary">Virgin Mary</a> "on his shoulders" during a battle at a castle called Guinnion.<sup id="cite_ref-TheShield_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TheShield-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The words for "shoulder" and "shield" were, however, easily confused in <a href="/wiki/Old_Welsh" title="Old Welsh">Old Welsh</a> – <span title="Old Welsh-language text">*<i lang="owl">scuit</i></span> "shield" versus <span title="Old Welsh-language text">*<i lang="owl">scuid</i></span> "shoulder"<sup id="cite_ref-TheShield_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TheShield-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – and <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_of_Monmouth" title="Geoffrey of Monmouth">Geoffrey of Monmouth</a> played upon this dual tradition, describing Arthur bearing "on his shoulders a shield" emblazoned with the Virgin.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Merlin (Old Welsh Myrddin) is not mentioned in the <b>A</b> Text, though there is mention of the battle of Arfderydd, associated with him in medieval Welsh literature: </p> <dl><dd>Year 129 (c. 573) The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Arfderydd" title="Battle of Arfderydd">Battle of Armterid</a></dd></dl> <p>Texts <b>B</b> and <b>C</b> omit the second half of the year 93 entry. <b>B</b> calls Arfderydd "Erderit"; <b>C</b>, "Arderit". In the <b>B</b> Text, the year 129 entry continues: "between the sons of Elifer and <a href="/wiki/Gwenddoleu_ap_Ceidio" title="Gwenddoleu ap Ceidio">Guendoleu son of Keidau</a> in which battle Guendoleu fell and Merlin went mad". Both the <b>B</b> and <b>C</b> texts display the influence of Geoffrey of Monmouth's <i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Historia_Regum_Britanniae" title="Historia Regum Britanniae">Historia Regum Britanniae</a></i></span></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and this is reflected in the Arfderydd entry by the choice of the Latinized form <i>Merlinus</i>, first found in Geoffrey's <i>Historia</i>, as opposed to the expected Old Welsh form <i>Merdin</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Annales_Cambriae&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_historians_in_the_Middle_Ages" class="mw-redirect" title="English historians in the Middle Ages">English historians in the Middle Ages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Wales" title="History of Wales">History of Wales</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Annales_Cambriae&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/L/Roman/Texts/Isidore/5*.html#39">"LacusCurtius • Isidore's Etymologies — Book 5"</a>. <i>penelope.uchicago.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=penelope.uchicago.edu&rft.atitle=LacusCurtius+%E2%80%A2+Isidore%27s+Etymologies+%E2%80%94+Book+5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpenelope.uchicago.edu%2FThayer%2FL%2FRoman%2FTexts%2FIsidore%2F5%2A.html%2339&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnales+Cambriae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://la.wikisource.org/wiki/Chronica_minora">"Chronica minora - Wikisource"</a>. <i>la.wikisource.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=la.wikisource.org&rft.atitle=Chronica+minora+-+Wikisource&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fla.wikisource.org%2Fwiki%2FChronica_minora&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnales+Cambriae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Phillimore, Egerton (ed.), 1888 "The Annales Cambriae and Old Welsh Genealogies from Harleian MS. 3859", <i>Y Cymmrodor</i>; 9 (1888) pp. 141–183. <a class="external text" href="https://la.wikisource.org/wiki/Annales_Cambriae">Annales Cambriae, the A-text.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John Morris (1973). <i>The Age of Arthur, a history of the British Isles from 350 to 650</i>, London, Weidenfeld and Nicolson</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TheShield-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TheShield_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TheShield_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jones, W. Lewis. <i>The Cambridge History of English and American Literature in 18 Volumes</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131029203543/http://www.bartleby.com/211/1202.html">Vol. I, XII, §2.</a> Putnam, 1921. Accessed 30 Jan 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_of_Monmouth" title="Geoffrey of Monmouth">Geoffrey of Monmouth</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Historia_Regum_Britanniae" title="Historia Regum Britanniae">History of the Kings of Britain</a></i>, IX, §IV.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gough-Cooper, 2012</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Annales_Cambriae&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Brett, Caroline, 1988 'The Prefaces of Two Late Thirteenth-century Welsh Latin Chronicles', <i>Bulletin of the Board of Celtic Studies</i> <i>35, pp. 64–73.</i></li> <li>Dumville, David N., 1972-74 'Some aspects of the chronology of the <i>Historia Brittonum'</i>, <i>Bulletin of the Board of Celtic Studies</i> 25, pp. 439–445.</li> <li>Dumville, David N., 1977 'Sub-Roman Britain: history and legend', <i>History</i> 62, pp. 173–192.</li> <li>Dumville, David N., 1977/8 'The Welsh Latin annals', <i>Studia Celtica</i> 12/13, pp. 461–467 (review of Hughes 1974)</li> <li>Dumville, David N., 1984 'When was the 'Clonmacnoise Chronicle' created? The evidence of the Welsh annals', in Grabowski K. & Dumville D.N., 1984 <i>Chronicles and Annals of Mediaeval Ireland and Wales: The Clonmacnoise-group of texts</i>, Boydell, pp. 209–226.</li> <li>Dumville, David N. (ed, and trans.), 2002 'Annales Cambriae, A.D. 682-954: Texts A-C in Parallel', Department of Anglo-Saxon, Norse and Celtic, University of Cambridge.</li> <li>Dumville, David N. 2004 ' <i>Annales Cambriae</i> and Easter', in <i>The Medieval Chronicle III</i>, Rodopi, Amsterdam & New York.</li> <li>Gough-Cooper, Henry, 2010 'Annales Cambriae, from Saint Patrick to AD 682: Texts A, B & C in Parallel.' <i>The Heroic Age: A Journal of Early Medieval Northwest Europe</i>, Issue 15 (October 2012) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.heroicage.org/issues/15/gough-cooper.php">The Heroic Age website</a></li> <li>Gough-Cooper, Henry, 2018 'Decennovenal Reason and Unreason in the C-text of <i>Annales Cambriae</i> ', in Erik Kooper et al. <i>The Medieval Chronicle 11</i>, Brill, pp. 195–212.</li> <li>Gough-Cooper, Henry, 2020 'Meet the Ancestors?' in Ben Guy et al. <i>The Chronicles of Medieval Wales and the March</i>, Brepols, pp. 107–138.</li> <li>Gough-Cooper, Henry, 2021 'How was the chronology of the earliest Welsh Latin chronicle regulated?', <i>Proceedings of the Harvard Celtic Colloquium</i> 39 (2019), pp. 134–165.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/1878398/MOLE_RAINAND_OTHER_NATURAL_PHENOMENA_IN_THE_WELSH_ANNALS_CAN_MIRABILIA_UNRAVEL_THE_TEXTUAL_HISTORY_OF_THE_ANNALES_">Grigg, Erik, 2009 ' 'Mole Rain' and other natural phenomena in the Welsh annals: can <i>mirabilia</i> unravel the textual history of the <i>Annales Cambriae</i>?'</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Welsh_History_Review" class="mw-redirect" title="Welsh History Review">Welsh History Review</a></i> 244, p. 1-40.</li> <li>Hayward, P.A., 2010 <i>The Winchcombe and Coventry chronicles: hitherto unnoticed witnesses to the work of John of Worcester</i>, (2 vols.) Tempe, Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies.</li> <li>Hughes, Kathleen, 1974 'The Welsh Latin chronicles: <i>Annales Cambriae</i> and related texts', in (1980) <i>Celtic Britain in the Early Middle Ages</i>, Boydell, pp. 67–85.</li> <li>Hughes, Kathleen, 1980 'The A-text of <i>Annales Cambriae'</i>, in <i>Celtic Britain in the Early Middle Ages</i>, Boydell, pp. 86–100</li> <li>Jones, T., 1948, <i>Cronica de Wallia and other Documents from Exeter Cathedral Library MS. 3514</i>, Oxford University Press.</li> <li>Ker, N.R. 1955, 'Sir John Prise'. <i>The Library</i>, 5th series, x (1955), p. 1-24.</li> <li>Miller, Molly, 1975 '<a href="//doi.org/10.5284/1062000" class="extiw" title="doi:10.5284/1062000">The Commanders at Arthuret</a>', <i>Transactions of the Cumberland and Westmorland Archaeological and Antiquarian Society</i>, New Series, 75, pp. 96–118. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5284%2F1062000">10.5284/1062000</a> <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Open_access" title="open access publication – free to read"><img alt="Open access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/9px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/14px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/18px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span></li> <li>Miller, Molly, 1977/8 'Date-Guessing and Dyfed', <i>Studia Celtica</i> 12/13, pp. 33–61.</li> <li>Miller, Molly, 1979 'The disputed historical horizon of the Pictish king-lists', <i>Scottish Historical Review</i>, 58, pp. 1–34.</li> <li>+Miller, Molly, 2004 'Final stages in the construction of the Harleian <i>Annales Cambriae</i>: the evidence of the framework' in <i>The Journal of Celtic Studies JCS 4</i>, Brepols.</li> <li>Phillimore, Egerton (ed.), 1888 'The <i>Annales Cambriae</i> and Old Welsh Genealogies from <i>Harleian</i> MS. 3859', <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ycymmrodor09cymmuoft"><i>Y Cymmrodor</i> 9 (1888)</a> pp. 141–183 .</li> <li>Phillimore, Egerton (ed.), 1890/1 'The publication of the Welsh historical records', <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ycymmrodor11cymmuoft"><i>Y Cymmrodor</i> 11 (1890/1)</a> pp. 133–75.</li> <li>Remfry, P.M., 2007, <i>Annales Cambriae. A Translation of Harleian 3859; PRO E.164/1; Cottonian Domitian, A 1; Exeter Cathedral Library MS. 3514 and MS Exchequer DB Neath, PRO E</i>, Castle Studies Research and Publishing (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-899376-81-X" title="Special:BookSources/1-899376-81-X">1-899376-81-X</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams_(ab_Ithel)1860" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/John_Williams_(Ab_Ithel)" title="John Williams (Ab Ithel)">Williams (ab Ithel), John</a>, ed. (1860), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SSgJAAAAIAAJ"><i>Annales Cambriæ (444 – 1288)</i></a>, London: Longman, Green, Longman, and Roberts</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Annales+Cambri%C3%A6+%28444+%26ndash%3B+1288%29&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Longman%2C+Green%2C+Longman%2C+and+Roberts&rft.date=1860&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSSgJAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnales+Cambriae" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Stephenson, David, 2008 'Welsh Chronicles' Accounts of the Mid-Twelfth Century', <i>Cambrian Medieval Celtic Studies</i>, No. 56, Aberystwyth, CMCS, pp 45–57.</li> <li>Stephenson, David, 2010 'Gerald of Wales and <i>Annales Cambriae</i> ', <i>Cambrian Medieval Celtic Studies</i>, No. 60, Aberystwyth, CMCS, pp 24–37.</li> <li>Wiseman, Howard, 2000 'The derivation of the date of Badon in the Annales Cambriae from Bede and Gildas' <i>Parergon</i> 17.2, pp. 1–10.</li> <li>Wiseman, Howard, 2002 'The derivation of the date of the Arthurian entries in the Annales Cambriae from Bede and Gildas' <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vortigernstudies.org.uk/artgue/guesthoward.htm">Vortigern Studies website</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Annales_Cambriae&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/15px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/23px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/30px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span> Works related to <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Annales_Cambriae" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Special:Search/Annales Cambriae">Annales Cambriae</a> at Wikisource </p> <ul><li>Complete editions of <b>A</b>, <b>B</b>, <b>C</b>, <b>D</b> and <b>E</b> are available <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://croniclau.bangor.ac.uk/editions.php.en">here</a></li> <li>An English translation of the original annals (combining text from MSS. <b>A</b>, <b>B</b> & <b>C</b> for the period from the mid-5th century to the mid-10th) can be found <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/annalescambriae.asp">here.</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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