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Each one implements their own inspection content depending on their role in the construction and" /> <title>(PDF) The role of ship inspections in maritime accidents: An analysis of risk using the bow-tie approach | Panagiotis Sotiralis - Academia.edu</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/88381883/The_role_of_ship_inspections_in_maritime_accidents_An_analysis_of_risk_using_the_bow_tie_approach" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '49879c2402910372f4abc62630a427bbe033d190'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1732439431000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1732439431000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","abstract":"Ships are subject to inspections from different maritime stakeholders, such as port states, classification societies, shipowners, managers and operators. Each one implements their own inspection content depending on their role in the construction and operation phase of the vessel life cycle. Because few studies have investigated the influence of ship inspections on accidents, it is uncertain to which extent the current inspection regimes are contributing to reducing accidents. In addition, maritime risk analysis has, so far, not considered thoroughly the role of the inspection process in accident development. As a result, an improved understanding of the influence inspection methods would facilitate the implementation of effective measures for reducing accident probabilities or consequences. The approach used in this article involves identifying the underlying causes and the resulting consequences of accidents that may be associated with inspection issues and combining this knowledg...","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Panagiotis Sotiralis"}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2022-10-12","dateModified":null,"datePublished":"2018-01-01","headline":"The role of ship inspections in maritime accidents: An analysis of risk using the bow-tie approach","inLanguage":"en","keywords":["Business","Bow Tie"],"locationCreated":null,"publication":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part O: Journal of Risk and Reliability","publisher":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Organization","name":"SAGE Publications"},"image":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"url":"https://www.academia.edu/88381883/The_role_of_ship_inspections_in_maritime_accidents_An_analysis_of_risk_using_the_bow_tie_approach","sourceOrganization":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"EducationalOrganization","name":null}]}</script><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_page/loswp-352e32ba4e89304dc0b4fa5b3952eef2198174c54cdb79066bc62e91c68a1a91.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/body-8d679e925718b5e8e4b18e9a4fab37f7eaa99e43386459376559080ac8f2856a.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/button-3cea6e0ad4715ed965c49bfb15dedfc632787b32ff6d8c3a474182b231146ab7.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/text_button-73590134e40cdb49f9abdc8e796cc00dc362693f3f0f6137d6cf9bb78c318ce7.css" /><link crossorigin="" 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Each one implements their own inspection content depending on their role in the construction and operation phase of the vessel life cycle. Because few studies have investigated the influence of ship inspections on accidents, it is uncertain to which extent the current inspection regimes are contributing to reducing accidents. In addition, maritime risk analysis has, so far, not considered thoroughly the role of the inspection process in accident development. As a result, an improved understanding of the influence inspection methods would facilitate the implementation of effective measures for reducing accident probabilities or consequences. The approach used in this article involves identifying the underlying causes and the resulting consequences of accidents that may be associated with inspection issues and combining this knowledg...","publisher":"SAGE Publications","publication_date":"2018,,","publication_name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part O: Journal of Risk and Reliability"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"The role of ship inspections in maritime accidents: An analysis of risk using the bow-tie approach","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [80703962]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":92365670,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “The role of ship inspections in maritime accidents: An analysis of risk using the bow-tie approach”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/92365670/mini_magick20221013-1-nzn1x0.png?1665639023" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_splash/adobe.icon-574afd46eb6b03a77a153a647fb47e30546f9215c0ee6a25df597a779717f9ef.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">The role of ship inspections in maritime accidents: An analysis of risk using the bow-tie approach</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="80703962" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PanagiotisSotiralis"><img alt="Profile image of Panagiotis Sotiralis" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/s65_no_pic.png" />Panagiotis Sotiralis</a></div><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2018, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part O: Journal of Risk and Reliability</p><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">Ships are subject to inspections from different maritime stakeholders, such as port states, classification societies, shipowners, managers and operators. Each one implements their own inspection content depending on their role in the construction and operation phase of the vessel life cycle. Because few studies have investigated the influence of ship inspections on accidents, it is uncertain to which extent the current inspection regimes are contributing to reducing accidents. In addition, maritime risk analysis has, so far, not considered thoroughly the role of the inspection process in accident development. As a result, an improved understanding of the influence inspection methods would facilitate the implementation of effective measures for reducing accident probabilities or consequences. The approach used in this article involves identifying the underlying causes and the resulting consequences of accidents that may be associated with inspection issues and combining this knowledg...</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":92365670,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/88381883/The_role_of_ship_inspections_in_maritime_accidents_An_analysis_of_risk_using_the_bow_tie_approach"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":92365670,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/88381883/The_role_of_ship_inspections_in_maritime_accidents_An_analysis_of_risk_using_the_bow_tie_approach"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div></div><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-doc_id="92365670" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/88381883/The_role_of_ship_inspections_in_maritime_accidents_An_analysis_of_risk_using_the_bow_tie_approach" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="33091453" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33091453/Ship_inspection_strategies_Effects_on_maritime_safety_and_environmental_protection">Ship inspection strategies: Effects on maritime safety and environmental protection</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="37052266" href="https://eur.academia.edu/SabineKnapp">Sabine Knapp</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2011</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Ship inspection strategies: Effects on maritime safety and environmental protection","attachmentId":53190646,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/33091453/Ship_inspection_strategies_Effects_on_maritime_safety_and_environmental_protection","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/33091453/Ship_inspection_strategies_Effects_on_maritime_safety_and_environmental_protection"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="102628757" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/102628757/Predictive_power_of_inspection_outcomes_for_future_shipping_accidents_an_empirical_appraisal_with_special_attention_for_human_factor_aspects">Predictive power of inspection outcomes for future shipping accidents – an empirical appraisal with special attention for human factor aspects</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="37052266" href="https://eur.academia.edu/SabineKnapp">Sabine Knapp</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Maritime Policy &amp; Management, 2018</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Predictive power of inspection outcomes for future shipping accidents – an empirical appraisal with special attention for human factor aspects","attachmentId":102848679,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/102628757/Predictive_power_of_inspection_outcomes_for_future_shipping_accidents_an_empirical_appraisal_with_special_attention_for_human_factor_aspects","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/102628757/Predictive_power_of_inspection_outcomes_for_future_shipping_accidents_an_empirical_appraisal_with_special_attention_for_human_factor_aspects"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="23512135" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/23512135/Analysis_of_the_Maritime_Inspection_Regimes_Are_ships_over_inspected">Analysis of the Maritime Inspection Regimes - Are ships over-inspected?</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="37052266" href="https://eur.academia.edu/SabineKnapp">Sabine Knapp</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2006</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The lack of trust in the maritime industry between all the industry organizations and regulators has created an inspection industry which is heavily controlled by oil majors in order to limit their liability. This report is an introductory part of a PhD project called &quot;The Econometrics of Maritime Safety â€“ Recommendations to Enhance Safety at Sea&quot; which is based on 183,000 port state control inspections1 and 11,700 casualties from various data sources. Its overall objective is to provide recommendations to improve safety at sea. This part identifies all inspections that are performed in the name of safety onboard vessels, their estimated costs and frequencies and brings them in relation with insurance claim costs from P&I Clubs. The probability of casualty is analyzed per frequency of inspection and detention. The results reveal that certain ships are inspected frequently and that over-inspection does not necessarily decrease the probability of having a casualty but can ...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Analysis of the Maritime Inspection Regimes - Are ships over-inspected?","attachmentId":43948088,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/23512135/Analysis_of_the_Maritime_Inspection_Regimes_Are_ships_over_inspected","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/23512135/Analysis_of_the_Maritime_Inspection_Regimes_Are_ships_over_inspected"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="23512128" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/23512128/Econometric_analysis_to_differentiate_effects_of_various_ship_safety_inspections">Econometric analysis to differentiate effects of various ship safety inspections</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="37052266" href="https://eur.academia.edu/SabineKnapp">Sabine Knapp</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Marine Policy, 2008</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Econometric analysis to differentiate effects of various ship safety inspections","attachmentId":43948086,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/23512128/Econometric_analysis_to_differentiate_effects_of_various_ship_safety_inspections","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/23512128/Econometric_analysis_to_differentiate_effects_of_various_ship_safety_inspections"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="22048471" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/22048471/Statistical_analysis_of_ship_accidents_and_review_of_safety_level">Statistical analysis of ship accidents and review of safety level</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="34277227" href="https://independent.academia.edu/EleftheriaEliopoulou">Eleftheria Eliopoulou</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="43569601" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MarkosVoulgarellis">Markos Voulgarellis</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="27233116" href="https://ntua.academia.edu/ApostolosPapanikolaou">Apostolos Papanikolaou</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Safety may be defined as an acceptable state of risk by society. In this respect, for assessing the current safety level of ships, it is necessary to quantify the risk level of the operating world fleet, thus estimate and assess the basic contributors to risk, namely the frequency of maritime accidents and the extent of their consequences. The present investigation was motivated by earlier published work of Det Norske Veritas (DNV, 2006), in which they were some alarming signals of worsening of the level of maritime safety. A justified question therefore is whether and how the level of ship safety changed thereafter. Recalling that a fundamental step of a Formal Safety Assessment of maritime assets is the investigation of relevant casualty reports and the analysis of historical data, which characterise the maritime safety performance in the studied period, the herein presented work deals with a systematic analysis of ship accidents in the last decade as a way to evaluate the current level of safety for the majority of ship sub-types present in the world merchant fleet and to conclude on the foreseeable future. The presented analysis also includes a deeper investigation about possible relationships between accident rates and ship's age, which proved more complex than initially thought. The outcome of the present study indicates that in the last decade although the frequencies of ship accidents generally increased, the safety level of various ship types did not significantly change, as the consequences of accidents remained in average at about the same level.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Statistical analysis of ship accidents and review of safety level","attachmentId":42729406,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/22048471/Statistical_analysis_of_ship_accidents_and_review_of_safety_level","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/22048471/Statistical_analysis_of_ship_accidents_and_review_of_safety_level"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="49584264" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/49584264/Unravelling_causal_factors_of_maritime_incidents_and_accidents">Unravelling causal factors of maritime incidents and accidents</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="23459836" href="https://ntua.academia.edu/VictorBolbot">Victor Bolbot</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Safety Science</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Unravelling causal factors of maritime incidents and accidents","attachmentId":67905114,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/49584264/Unravelling_causal_factors_of_maritime_incidents_and_accidents","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/49584264/Unravelling_causal_factors_of_maritime_incidents_and_accidents"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="23512150" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/23512150/Comprehensive_Review_of_the_Maritime_Safety_Regimes_Present_Status_and_Recommendations_on_improvement">Comprehensive Review of the Maritime Safety Regimes Present Status and Recommendations on improvement</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="37052266" href="https://eur.academia.edu/SabineKnapp">Sabine Knapp</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This report presents a comprehensive review of the maritime safety regimes and provides recommendations on how to improve the system. The results show a complex legal framework which generates a high amount of inspections and overlapping of inspection areas where no cross-recognition is established by the various stakeholders. While the safety system seems to be successful in eliminating substandard vessels and while average insurance claims costs are substantially lower for inspected vessels than not inspected vessels, the results indicate that the economic conditions of the shipping market also have an effect on safety quality besides the frequency of inspections. No significant differences can be found between industry inspections and port state control inspections with respect to decreasing the probability of casualty. The system could be made more effective by combining data sources on inspections and use them respectively to improve risk profiling and to decrease the frequency...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Comprehensive Review of the Maritime Safety Regimes Present Status and Recommendations on improvement","attachmentId":43948099,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/23512150/Comprehensive_Review_of_the_Maritime_Safety_Regimes_Present_Status_and_Recommendations_on_improvement","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/23512150/Comprehensive_Review_of_the_Maritime_Safety_Regimes_Present_Status_and_Recommendations_on_improvement"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="56745712" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/56745712/Improved_Strategies_for_the_Maritime_Industry_to_Target_Vessels_for_Inspection_and_to_Select_Inspection_Priority_Areas">Improved Strategies for the Maritime Industry to Target Vessels for Inspection and to Select Inspection Priority Areas</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="37052266" href="https://eur.academia.edu/SabineKnapp">Sabine Knapp</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Safety</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Inspection authorities such as the Port State Control Memoranda of Understanding use different policies and targeting methods to select vessels for inspections and rely primarily on past inspection outcomes. One of the main goals of inspections is to improve the safety quality of vessels and to reduce the probability of future incidents. This study shows there is room for improvement in targeting vessels for inspections and in determining vessel-specific inspection priority areas (e.g., bridge management versus machinery related items). For the year 2018, sixty percent of vessels that experienced very serious or serious (VSS) incidents were not selected for inspection up to three months prior to the incident and forty percent of the vessels that were inspected still had incidents of which only four percent were detained. Furthermore, one can observe a very low correlation (−0.04) between the probabilities of detention and incidents (VSS) for the year 2018. The proposed approach trea...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Improved Strategies for the Maritime Industry to Target Vessels for Inspection and to Select Inspection Priority Areas","attachmentId":71979378,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/56745712/Improved_Strategies_for_the_Maritime_Industry_to_Target_Vessels_for_Inspection_and_to_Select_Inspection_Priority_Areas","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/56745712/Improved_Strategies_for_the_Maritime_Industry_to_Target_Vessels_for_Inspection_and_to_Select_Inspection_Priority_Areas"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="100644776" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/100644776/Statistical_Analysis_of_Accidents_and_Review_of_Safety_Level_of_Passenger_Ships">Statistical Analysis of Accidents and Review of Safety Level of Passenger Ships</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="34277227" href="https://independent.academia.edu/EleftheriaEliopoulou">Eleftheria Eliopoulou</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Marine Science and Engineering</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This paper deals with a statistical analysis of maritime accidents pertaining to passenger ships in worldwide operation and, ultimately, with the assessment of the current safety level of the particular ship type, assuming that the safety level may be defined as a societally acceptable level of risk. The basic risk contributors, namely the frequency of main accidents’ occurrence and related consequences, are herein quantified and assessed. The presented analysis, covering the last two decades (2000–2021), shows that there has been a considerable reduction in the frequency of serious accidents’ occurrence in the last decade, whereas associated consequences do not exhibit the same trend since the frequency of ship total losses and of fatalities has increased. However, fatality rates are, to a great extent, affected by accidents of ships not compliant with safety regulations. This study also confirmed that grounding and contact accidents dominate the statistics of passenger ships of al...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Statistical Analysis of Accidents and Review of Safety Level of Passenger Ships","attachmentId":101408663,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/100644776/Statistical_Analysis_of_Accidents_and_Review_of_Safety_Level_of_Passenger_Ships","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/100644776/Statistical_Analysis_of_Accidents_and_Review_of_Safety_Level_of_Passenger_Ships"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="124951210" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/124951210/Technical_and_Economic_Assessment_of_Maritime_Accidents">Technical and Economic Assessment of Maritime Accidents</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="48672966" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AntonioFernandes42">Antonio Fernandes</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">International journal of scientific research and management, 2022</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Technical and Economic Assessment of Maritime Accidents","attachmentId":119081532,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/124951210/Technical_and_Economic_Assessment_of_Maritime_Accidents","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/124951210/Technical_and_Economic_Assessment_of_Maritime_Accidents"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":92365670,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":92365670,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_92365670" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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