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window.loswp.previewableAttachments = [{"id":43948081,"identifier":"Attachment_43948081","shouldShowBulkDownload":false}]; window.loswp.shouldDetectTimezone = true; window.loswp.shouldShowBulkDownload = true; window.loswp.showSignupCaptcha = false window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":23512121,"created_at":"2016-03-21T05:03:05.682-07:00","from_world_paper_id":150786287,"updated_at":"2025-01-31T22:28:25.310-08:00","_data":{"publisher":"publishing.eur.nl","ai_title_tag":"Improving Port State Control for Maritime Safety","grobid_abstract":"This report is the fourth part of a PhD project called \"The Econometrics of Maritime Safety -Recommendations to Enhance Safety at Sea\" and is based on 183,000 port state control inspections 2 and 11,700 casualties from various data sources. Its overall objective is to provide recommendations to improve safety at sea. The fourth part looks into measuring the effect of inspections on the probability of casualty on either seriousness or casualty first event to show the differences across the regimes. It further gives a link of casualties that were found during inspections with either the seriousness of casualties and casualty first events which reveals three areas of improvement possibilities to potentially decrease the probability of a casualty -the ISM code, machinery and equipment and ship and cargo operations.","publication_date":"2010,,","publication_name":"Econometric Institute Report","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":"43948081"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Effect and Improvement Areas for Port State Control Inspections to Decrease the Probability of Casualty","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [37052266]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon'; window.userInChina = "false";</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":43948081,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Effect and Improvement Areas for Port State Control Inspections to Decrease the Probability of Casualty”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/43948081/mini_magick20190215-18010-1c7gk4w.png?1550240599" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Effect and Improvement Areas for Port State Control Inspections to Decrease the Probability of Casualty</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="37052266" href="https://eur.academia.edu/SabineKnapp"><img alt="Profile image of Sabine Knapp" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/37052266/14257656/15216024/s65_sabine.knapp.png" />Sabine Knapp</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2010, Econometric Institute Report</p><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">48 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 23512121; 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if (!viewCountBody) { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } catch (error) { // Remove the whole views element if there was some issue parsing. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); throw new Error(`Failed to parse view count: ${viewCount}`, error); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">This report is the fourth part of a PhD project called "The Econometrics of Maritime Safety -Recommendations to Enhance Safety at Sea" and is based on 183,000 port state control inspections 2 and 11,700 casualties from various data sources. Its overall objective is to provide recommendations to improve safety at sea. The fourth part looks into measuring the effect of inspections on the probability of casualty on either seriousness or casualty first event to show the differences across the regimes. It further gives a link of casualties that were found during inspections with either the seriousness of casualties and casualty first events which reveals three areas of improvement possibilities to potentially decrease the probability of a casualty -the ISM code, machinery and equipment and ship and cargo operations.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":43948081,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/23512121/Effect_and_Improvement_Areas_for_Port_State_Control_Inspections_to_Decrease_the_Probability_of_Casualty"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":43948081,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/23512121/Effect_and_Improvement_Areas_for_Port_State_Control_Inspections_to_Decrease_the_Probability_of_Casualty"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger-container"><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger ds-signup-banner-trigger-control"></div></div><div class="ds-signup-banner ds-signup-banner-control"><div id="ds-signup-banner-close-button"><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary ds2-5-button--inverse"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">close</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-ctas"><img src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-capital-white.svg" /><h4 class="ds2-5-heading-serif-sm">Sign up for access to the world's latest research</h4><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--inverse ds2-5-button--full-width js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"signup-banner"}">Sign up for free<span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">arrow_forward</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-divider"></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons"><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Get notified about relevant papers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Save papers to use in your research</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Join the discussion with peers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Track your impact</span></div></div></div><script>(() => { // Set up signup banner show/hide behavior: // 1. 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It is the first time an analysis on a combined dataset of this magnitude has been performed. Binary logistic regression is used to measure the effect of inspections on the probability of casualty, which can be measured for very serious casualties but not for serious or less serious casualties. In addition, the magnitude of improvement areas for targeting substandard vessels is determined and the models further show how targeting of substandard ships on a combined dataset can be improved. In addition, the analysis also compares the fishing fleet with the commercial fleet. r</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Econometric analysis on the effect of port state control inspections on the probability of casualty","attachmentId":43948087,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/23512127/Econometric_analysis_on_the_effect_of_port_state_control_inspections_on_the_probability_of_casualty","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/23512127/Econometric_analysis_on_the_effect_of_port_state_control_inspections_on_the_probability_of_casualty"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="23512152" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/23512152/Econometric_analysis_on_the_effect_of_port_state_control_inspections_on_the_probability_of_casualty_Can_targeting_of_substandard_ships_for_inspections_be_improved">Econometric analysis on the effect of port state control inspections on the probability of casualty: Can targeting of substandard ships for inspections be improved?</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="37052266" href="https://eur.academia.edu/SabineKnapp">Sabine Knapp</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2007</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This article is based on 183,819 port state control inspections from various port state control regimes and casualties from three different data sources for a time period of 6 years. It is the first time an analysis on a combined dataset of this magnitude has been performed. Binary logistic regression is used to measure the effect of inspections on the</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Econometric analysis on the effect of port state control inspections on the probability of casualty: Can targeting of substandard ships for inspections be improved?","attachmentId":43948103,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/23512152/Econometric_analysis_on_the_effect_of_port_state_control_inspections_on_the_probability_of_casualty_Can_targeting_of_substandard_ships_for_inspections_be_improved","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/23512152/Econometric_analysis_on_the_effect_of_port_state_control_inspections_on_the_probability_of_casualty_Can_targeting_of_substandard_ships_for_inspections_be_improved"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="23512149" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/23512149/The_Econometrics_of_Maritime_Safety">The Econometrics of Maritime Safety</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="37052266" href="https://eur.academia.edu/SabineKnapp">Sabine Knapp</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This thesis should be seen and understood as a first attempt to study port state control on a global scale by measuring the effect of inspections on the probability of casualties and by identifying areas for improvement. What is new in this thesis is the combination of port state control data from various regimes and casualty data from three different sources of the same time frame. The corresponding research questions are 1) What is the present state of the safety regime? 2) Can targeting of ships for inspections be improved? 3) What is the effect of inspections on casualties? and 4) How can inspections be improved? It is based on approx. 183,000 port state control (PSC) inspections and 11,000 casualties from 1999 to 2004. The thesis will hopefully open up a new chapter in research in the area of maritime safety of which the future potential, when political barriers are overcome and more transparency is accepted, should not be ignored by the industry and regulators. Several econome...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Econometrics of Maritime Safety","attachmentId":43948108,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/23512149/The_Econometrics_of_Maritime_Safety","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/23512149/The_Econometrics_of_Maritime_Safety"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="23512128" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/23512128/Econometric_analysis_to_differentiate_effects_of_various_ship_safety_inspections">Econometric analysis to differentiate effects of various ship safety inspections</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="37052266" href="https://eur.academia.edu/SabineKnapp">Sabine Knapp</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Marine Policy, 2008</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This article provides a refined technique to measure and interpret variables associated with the quality of an inspection-be it port state control or vetting inspections towards the probability of a very serious, serious or less serious casualty. It concentrates on filtering out the effect of variables such as detention, the port state control regime that inspected the vessel, time in-between inspections, deficiencies found during an inspection and the effect of vetting inspections. The consensus amongst policy makers in the shipping industry is that data cannot be combined to target vessels. While this article does demonstrate that the decrease in the probability of casualty is stronger for the South American Region, the Indian Ocean Region and Australia versus North Europe, North America or the Caribbean, it also demonstrates that the data can be combined to target vessels for inspections. Since the time in-between inspections and detention is mostly not significant towards decreasing the probability of casualty, these results reflect the lack of coordination amongst port state control regimes and industry inspections. Due to this lack of coordination and trust, a ship might be inspected in several regimes during a relative short time period where the benefit of an inspection can be easily saturated. Our recommendation on direct policy implication is to promote the harmonization of inspection databases across port state control regimes, preferably with the coordination of the development of the Global Integrated Ship Information System (GISIS) of the International Maritime Organization (IMO), to review the policy of a release of a vessel from detention and to increase cooperation amongst regimes with respect to the follow up of the rectification of deficiencies. r</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Econometric analysis to differentiate effects of various ship safety inspections","attachmentId":43948086,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/23512128/Econometric_analysis_to_differentiate_effects_of_various_ship_safety_inspections","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/23512128/Econometric_analysis_to_differentiate_effects_of_various_ship_safety_inspections"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="23512123" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/23512123/The_Overall_View_of_the_Effect_of_Inspections_and_Evaluation_of_the_Target_Factor_to_target_substandard_vessels">The Overall View of the Effect of Inspections and Evaluation of the Target Factor to target substandard vessels</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="37052266" href="https://eur.academia.edu/SabineKnapp">Sabine Knapp</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Econometric Institute Report, 2010</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This report is the third part of a PhD project entitled "The Econometrics of Maritime Safety -Recommendations to Enhance Safety at Sea" which is based on 183,000 port state control inspections 2 and 11,700 casualties from various data sources. Its overall objective is to provide recommendations to improve safety at sea. The second part looks into the differences across port state control regimes based on the probability of detention while the third part is measuring the effect of inspections on the probability of casualty which can be measured for very serious casualties but not for serious or less serious casualties. It further determines the magnitude of improvement areas for targeting substandard vessels and gives an evaluation of the target factor.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Overall View of the Effect of Inspections and Evaluation of the Target Factor to target substandard vessels","attachmentId":43948083,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/23512123/The_Overall_View_of_the_Effect_of_Inspections_and_Evaluation_of_the_Target_Factor_to_target_substandard_vessels","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/23512123/The_Overall_View_of_the_Effect_of_Inspections_and_Evaluation_of_the_Target_Factor_to_target_substandard_vessels"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="2893229" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2893229/Vessels_at_risk_and_the_effectiveness_of_Port_State_Control_inspections">Vessels at risk and the effectiveness of Port State Control inspections</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2973357" href="https://kedgebs.academia.edu/PierreCariou">Pierre Cariou</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2010</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Abstract Port state control regimes have been established more than 30 years ago to help prevent accidents in shipping. These controls are obviously not sufficient to correct or prevent all hazards leading to an accident, but they have played a major role in the general reduction of the number of maritime accidents observed during the last decade.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Vessels at risk and the effectiveness of Port State Control inspections","attachmentId":30824500,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/2893229/Vessels_at_risk_and_the_effectiveness_of_Port_State_Control_inspections","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/2893229/Vessels_at_risk_and_the_effectiveness_of_Port_State_Control_inspections"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="23512135" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/23512135/Analysis_of_the_Maritime_Inspection_Regimes_Are_ships_over_inspected">Analysis of the Maritime Inspection Regimes - Are ships over-inspected?</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="37052266" href="https://eur.academia.edu/SabineKnapp">Sabine Knapp</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2006</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The lack of trust in the maritime industry between all the industry organizations and regulators has created an inspection industry which is heavily controlled by oil majors in order to limit their liability. This report is an introductory part of a PhD project called &quot;The Econometrics of Maritime Safety â€“ Recommendations to Enhance Safety at Sea&quot; which is based on 183,000 port state control inspections1 and 11,700 casualties from various data sources. Its overall objective is to provide recommendations to improve safety at sea. This part identifies all inspections that are performed in the name of safety onboard vessels, their estimated costs and frequencies and brings them in relation with insurance claim costs from P&I Clubs. The probability of casualty is analyzed per frequency of inspection and detention. The results reveal that certain ships are inspected frequently and that over-inspection does not necessarily decrease the probability of having a casualty but can ...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Analysis of the Maritime Inspection Regimes - Are ships over-inspected?","attachmentId":43948088,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/23512135/Analysis_of_the_Maritime_Inspection_Regimes_Are_ships_over_inspected","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/23512135/Analysis_of_the_Maritime_Inspection_Regimes_Are_ships_over_inspected"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="33091453" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33091453/Ship_inspection_strategies_Effects_on_maritime_safety_and_environmental_protection">Ship inspection strategies: Effects on maritime safety and environmental protection</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="37052266" href="https://eur.academia.edu/SabineKnapp">Sabine Knapp</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2011</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Global trade depends for a large part on maritime transport, and safe ships are needed not only to protect precious cargo but also to prevent environmental damage. Flag state and port state authorities spend much effort in ship safety inspections to ensure a minimum safety level and to prevent casualties. This paper investigates the safety gains of current inspection rules as well as options for further improvement. The analysis is based on a dataset of over four hundred thousand ship arrivals originating from some important trading nations between 2002 and 2007, complemented with data on port state control and industry inspections and casualties.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Ship inspection strategies: Effects on maritime safety and environmental protection","attachmentId":53190646,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/33091453/Ship_inspection_strategies_Effects_on_maritime_safety_and_environmental_protection","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/33091453/Ship_inspection_strategies_Effects_on_maritime_safety_and_environmental_protection"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="95950656" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/95950656/The_econometrics_of_maritime_safety_recommendations_to_enhance_safety_at_sea">The econometrics of maritime safety: recommendations to enhance safety at sea</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="37052266" href="https://eur.academia.edu/SabineKnapp">Sabine Knapp</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2006</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The full appendix is not included in the printed version of this thesis due to the large volume of pages. The appendix as well as an electronic version of the thesis can be found under the following location: http://hdl.handle.net/1765/7913 for further reference. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the author.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The econometrics of maritime safety: recommendations to enhance safety at sea","attachmentId":97986140,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/95950656/The_econometrics_of_maritime_safety_recommendations_to_enhance_safety_at_sea","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/95950656/The_econometrics_of_maritime_safety_recommendations_to_enhance_safety_at_sea"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="102628757" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/102628757/Predictive_power_of_inspection_outcomes_for_future_shipping_accidents_an_empirical_appraisal_with_special_attention_for_human_factor_aspects">Predictive power of inspection outcomes for future shipping accidents – an empirical appraisal with special attention for human factor aspects</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="37052266" href="https://eur.academia.edu/SabineKnapp">Sabine Knapp</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Maritime Policy &amp; Management, 2018</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This paper investigates whether deficiencies detected during port state control (PSC) inspections have predictive power for future accident risk, in addition to other vessel-specific risk factors like ship type, age, size, flag, and owner. The empirical analysis links accidents to past inspection outcomes and is based on data from all around the globe of PSC regimes using harmonized deficiency codes. These codes are aggregated into eight groups related to human factor aspects like crew qualifications, working and living conditions, and fatigue and safety management. This information is integrated by principal components into a single overall deficiency index, which is related to future accident risk by means of logit models. The factor by which accident risk increases for vessels with above average compared to below average deficiency scores is about 6 for total loss, 2 for very serious, 1.5 for serious, and 1.3 for less-serious accidents. Relations between deficiency scores and accident risk are presented in graphical format. The results may be of interest to PSC authorities for targeting inspection areas, to maritime administrations for improving asset allocation based on prediction scenarios connected with vessel traffic data, and to maritime insurers for refining their premium strategies.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Predictive power of inspection outcomes for future shipping accidents – an empirical appraisal with special attention for human factor aspects","attachmentId":102848679,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/102628757/Predictive_power_of_inspection_outcomes_for_future_shipping_accidents_an_empirical_appraisal_with_special_attention_for_human_factor_aspects","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/102628757/Predictive_power_of_inspection_outcomes_for_future_shipping_accidents_an_empirical_appraisal_with_special_attention_for_human_factor_aspects"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":43948081,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":43948081,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_43948081" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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