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Kripa - Wikipedia
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<span>Birth and upbringing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Birth_and_upbringing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Life_before_the_Kurushetra_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Life_before_the_Kurushetra_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Life before the Kurushetra War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Life_before_the_Kurushetra_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kurukshetra_War_and_later_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kurukshetra_War_and_later_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Kurukshetra War and later life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kurukshetra_War_and_later_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon 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id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 24 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-24" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">24 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF" title="কৃপাচার্য – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কৃপাচার্য" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kripa" title="Kripa – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Kripa" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kripa" title="Kripa – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kripa" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kripa" title="Kripa – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Kripa" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%95%E0%AB%83%E0%AA%AA" title="કૃપ – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="કૃપ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="कृपाचार्य – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कृपाचार्य" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krepa" title="Krepa – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Krepa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krepa" title="Krepa – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Krepa" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%83%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%9A%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF" title="ಕೃಪಾಚಾರ್ಯ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕೃಪಾಚಾರ್ಯ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="कृपाचार्य – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="कृपाचार्य" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%83%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%BC" title="കൃപർ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കൃപർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="कृपाचार्य – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="कृपाचार्य" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kripa" title="Kripa – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kripa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%AD%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%84%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%86%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%8C" title="ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯄꯥꯆꯥꯔꯌ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯄꯥꯆꯥꯔꯌ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="कृपाचार्य – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="कृपाचार्य" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AA%E3%83%91" title="クリパ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="クリパ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%83%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%9A%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AF%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F" title="କୃପାଚାର୍ଯ୍ୟ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="କୃପାଚାର୍ଯ୍ୟ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Крипа – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Крипа" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%83" title="कृपः – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="कृपः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Крипа – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Крипа" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%C3%A9pa" title="Krépa – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Krépa" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="கிருபர் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கிருபர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%83%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%9A%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%81" title="కృపాచార్యుడు – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కృపాచార్యుడు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C" title="กฤปาจารย์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กฤปาจารย์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2044671#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kripa" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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searchaux" style="display:none">Character in the Mahabharata, A Chiranjivi</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Kripa_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Kripa (disambiguation)">Kripa (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Fictional character</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output 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.mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1256394594">.mw-parser-output .ib-character{border-spacing:2px 5px}.mw-parser-output .ib-character .infobox-above,.mw-parser-output .ib-character .infobox-header{background-color:#DEDEE2}.mw-parser-output .ib-character .infobox-image img{background-color:#f8f9fa}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ib-character .infobox-above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ib-character .infobox-header{background:hsl(240,6%,20%);color:inherit}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ib-character .infobox-above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ib-character .infobox-header{background:hsl(240,6%,20%);color:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox ib-character"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above notheme">Kripa</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><i><a href="/wiki/Mahabharata" title="Mahabharata">Mahabharata</a></i> character</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Krepa-kl.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Krepa-kl.jpg/220px-Krepa-kl.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="322" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Krepa-kl.jpg/330px-Krepa-kl.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/57/Krepa-kl.jpg 2x" data-file-width="385" data-file-height="563" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Javanese shadow puppet of Kripa</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme">Information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Gender</th><td class="infobox-data">Male</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Affiliation</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Acharya" title="Acharya">Acharya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chiranjivi" title="Chiranjivi">Chiranjivi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Weapon</th><td class="infobox-data">Bow and arrows</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Sharadvan (father)</li><li>Janapadi (mother)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Kripi" class="mw-redirect" title="Kripi">Kripi</a> (twin-sister)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Drona" title="Drona">Drona</a> (brother-in-law)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Ashwatthama" title="Ashwatthama">Ashwatthama</a> (nephew)</li></ul></div> Shantanu (foster father)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Home</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hastinapur" title="Hastinapur">Hastinapur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kuru_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuru Kingdom">Kuru Kingdom</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Kripa</b> (<a href="/wiki/Sanskrit_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanskrit language">Sanskrit</a>: <span lang="sa">कृप</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a> </small>'pity', <a href="/wiki/IAST" class="mw-redirect" title="IAST">IAST</a>: <i><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">Kṛpa</i></span></i>), also known as <b>Kripacharya</b> (<a href="/wiki/Sanskrit_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanskrit language">Sanskrit</a>: <span lang="sa">कृपाचार्य</span>, <a href="/wiki/IAST" class="mw-redirect" title="IAST">IAST</a>: <i><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">Kṛpācārya</i></span></i>), is a figure in <a href="/wiki/Hindu_mythology" title="Hindu mythology">Hindu mythology</a>. According to the epic <i><a href="/wiki/Mahabharata" title="Mahabharata">Mahabharata</a></i>, he was a council member of <a href="/wiki/Kuru_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuru Kingdom">Kuru Kingdom</a> and a teacher of the <a href="/wiki/Pandava" title="Pandava">Pandava</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kaurava" title="Kaurava">Kaurava</a> princes. </p><p>Born to warrior-sage Sharadvan and <i><a href="/wiki/Apsara" title="Apsara">apsara</a></i> Janapadi in an extraordinary manner, Kripa and his twin-sister Kripi were adopted by King <a href="/wiki/Shantanu" title="Shantanu">Shantanu</a> of Kuru Kingdom. Kripa was trained by his birth father and became a great archer like him. Later in the epic, he fought on the Kauravas's side against the Pandavas in the <a href="/wiki/Kurukshetra_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurukshetra war">Kurukshetra war</a> and was among the three survivors on the Kaurava side, along with <a href="/wiki/Ashwatthama" title="Ashwatthama">Ashwatthama</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kritavarma" title="Kritavarma">Kritavarma</a>. </p><p>Kripa is a <i><a href="/wiki/Chiranjivi" title="Chiranjivi">chiranjivi</a></i>, an immortal being destined to live until the end of the <i><a href="/wiki/Kali_Yuga" title="Kali Yuga">Kali Yuga</a></i>, the last <i><a href="/wiki/Yuga" title="Yuga">yuga</a></i> (age). According to some texts, he will also become one of the <i><a href="/wiki/Saptarishi" class="mw-redirect" title="Saptarishi">Saptarishi</a></i>—the seven revered sages—in the next <i><a href="/wiki/Manvantara" title="Manvantara">Manvantara</a></i>, which is a cyclic period of time in <a href="/wiki/Hindu_cosmology" title="Hindu cosmology">Hindu cosmology</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Names">Names</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kripa&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Names"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> word Kripa (<i>Kṛpa</i>) means 'pity' or 'mercy'. According to the <i><a href="/wiki/Mahabharata" title="Mahabharata">Mahabharata</a></i> (c. 700 BCE – 400 CE), he and his sister were named "Kripa" and "Kripi" as they were adopted by King <a href="/wiki/Shantanu" title="Shantanu">Shantanu</a> out of pity.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMani1975418_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMani1975418-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-C130_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-C130-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGandhi2004_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGandhi2004-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDalal2010206_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDalal2010206-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kripa was given the title "<a href="/wiki/Acharya" title="Acharya">acharya</a>" ('master') as he was an expert archer.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVarkey200122_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVarkey200122-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDalal2010206_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDalal2010206-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the epic, Kripa is known by many other names including Gautama ('descendant of <a href="/wiki/Gautama_Maharishi" title="Gautama Maharishi">Gautama</a>'), Sharadvata ('son of Sharadvan'), Sharadvanputra ('son of Sharadvan') and Bharatacharya ('teacher of the descendants of <a href="/wiki/Bharata_(Mahabharata)" title="Bharata (Mahabharata)">Bharat</a>').<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMani1975419_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMani1975419-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGandhi2004_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGandhi2004-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Birth_and_upbringing">Birth and upbringing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kripa&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Birth and upbringing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the <i><a href="/wiki/Adi_Parva" title="Adi Parva">Adi Parva</a></i> of the <i><a href="/wiki/Mahabharata" title="Mahabharata">Mahabharata</a></i>, a boy named Sharadvan was born to <a href="/wiki/Gautama_Maharishi" title="Gautama Maharishi">sage Gautama</a> and his wife <a href="/wiki/Ahalya" title="Ahalya">Ahalya</a>. Contradictory to this account, some later Puranic scriptures such as <i><a href="/wiki/Agni_Purana" title="Agni Purana">Agni Purana</a></i> mention him as Gautama's great-grandson.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMani1975418_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMani1975418-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDalal2010206_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDalal2010206-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sharadvan showed great passion in <a href="/wiki/Archery" title="Archery">archery</a> and as he matured, he became a great archer. He once did penance to become indomitable, but this threatened the <a href="/wiki/Deva_(Hinduism)" title="Deva (Hinduism)">devas</a>, especially <a href="/wiki/Indra" title="Indra">Indra</a>. He then sent a beautiful <i><a href="/wiki/Apsara" title="Apsara">apsara</a></i> (celestial nymph), Janapadi, from heaven to distract the celibate saint.<sup id="cite_ref-C130_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-C130-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMani1975418_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMani1975418-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When Sharadvan saw her, he lost his control and ejaculated. Ashamed of his actions, he left his weapons and went deep into a forest. The semen fell on some weeds, dividing the weeds into two parts. A boy and a girl were born from the weeds.<sup id="cite_ref-C130_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-C130-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDalal2010206_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDalal2010206-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Shantanu" title="Shantanu">Shantanu</a>, the king of <a href="/wiki/Kuru_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuru Kingdom">Kuru Kingdom</a>, was hunting, when one of his soldiers spotted the twins and brought them to him. Shantanu became compassionate towards them that he adopted them and returned to his palace. The children were then named Kripa and Kripi.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMani1975418_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMani1975418-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-C130_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-C130-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sharadvan, who was performing <i><a href="/wiki/Tapas_(religion)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tapas (religion)">tapas</a></i> in the forest, heard of his children and went to the palace of Kuru. He revealed their identity to the king and taught Kripa the four branches of <i><a href="/wiki/Dhanurveda" title="Dhanurveda">Dhanurveda</a></i> (archery). Kripa became a great archer like his father and taught warfare to many warriors and kings.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMani1975418_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMani1975418-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVarkey200122_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVarkey200122-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDalal2010206_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDalal2010206-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life_before_the_Kurushetra_War">Life before the Kurushetra War</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kripa&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Life before the Kurushetra War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i>Adi Parva</i> mentions that Kripa taught the <a href="/wiki/Pandavas" class="mw-redirect" title="Pandavas">Pandavas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kaurava" title="Kaurava">Kauravas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vrishni" title="Vrishni">Vrishnis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yadavas" class="mw-redirect" title="Yadavas">Yadavas</a> about <i>Dhanurveda</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDalal2010206_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDalal2010206-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later, the Pandava and Kaurava princes studied under <a href="/wiki/Drona" title="Drona">Drona</a>, Kripi's husband who was born to <a href="/wiki/Bharadvaja" title="Bharadvaja">Bharadvaja</a> and apsara Ghritachi in the similar way like her. When the princes' training was over, a test was organised. <a href="/wiki/Karna" title="Karna">Karna</a>—the adopted son of a charioteer—challenged <a href="/wiki/Arjuna" title="Arjuna">Arjuna</a> in an archery match, but Kripa interfered and asked Karna to specify his lineage.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMani1975419_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMani1975419-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <i><a href="/wiki/Sabha_Parva" title="Sabha Parva">Sabha Parva</a></i> of the epic narrates that Kripa participated in the <a href="/wiki/Rajasuya" title="Rajasuya">Rajasuya</a> ritual of <a href="/wiki/Yudhishthira" title="Yudhishthira">Yudhishthira</a>, where he distributed <i><a href="/wiki/Dakshina" class="mw-redirect" title="Dakshina">dakshina</a></i> (fees). In the <i><a href="/wiki/Virata_Parva" title="Virata Parva">Virata Parva</a></i>, Kripa helped <a href="/wiki/Duryodhana" title="Duryodhana">Duryodhana</a>, the eldest Kaurava, by sending spies to find the <a href="/wiki/Pandavas" class="mw-redirect" title="Pandavas">Pandavas</a> during their incognito period of exile.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMani1975419_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMani1975419-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kurukshetra_War_and_later_life">Kurukshetra War and later life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kripa&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Kurukshetra War and later life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kripa_and_shikhandi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Kripa_and_shikhandi.jpg/220px-Kripa_and_shikhandi.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Kripa_and_shikhandi.jpg/330px-Kripa_and_shikhandi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Kripa_and_shikhandi.jpg/440px-Kripa_and_shikhandi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1340" data-file-height="820" /></a><figcaption>Kripa (top left) fighting with Shikhandi</figcaption></figure> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Kurukshetra_War" title="Kurukshetra War">Kurukshetra War</a> between the Pandavas and Kauravas, Kripa supported Duryodhana and fought from his side.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDalal2010206_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDalal2010206-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i><a href="/wiki/Udyoga_Parva" title="Udyoga Parva">Udyoga Parva</a></i> of the <i> Mahabharata</i> mentions that <a href="/wiki/Bhishma" title="Bhishma">Bhishma</a>, commander of the Kaurava army, declared Kripa as a mighty warrior.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the war, Kripa fought with many warriors including Brihatkshetra, Chekitana, <a href="/wiki/Satyaki" title="Satyaki">Satyaki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sahadeva" title="Sahadeva">Sahadeva</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arjuna" title="Arjuna">Arjuna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bhima" title="Bhima">Bhima</a>, Dhrishaketu and Vardhakshremi. He also defeated <a href="/wiki/Shikhandi" title="Shikhandi">Shikhandi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yudhamanyu" class="mw-redirect" title="Yudhamanyu">Yudhamanyu</a>, as well as killed <a href="/wiki/Abhimanyu" title="Abhimanyu">Abhimanyu</a>'s guards, Suketu and Kalinda prince. The <i><a href="/wiki/Shalya_Parva" title="Shalya Parva">Shalya Parva</a></i> mention that Kripa advised <a href="/wiki/Karna" title="Karna">Karna</a> to make peace with the Pandavas. On the 18th day of the war, the Kauravas side was defeated and Duryodhana was killed by Bhima. Kripa cried for him and along with <a href="/wiki/Ashwatthama" title="Ashwatthama">Ashwatthama</a>, he massacred the remaining Pandava army during that night and lit the fire at the camp.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMani1975419_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMani1975419-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <i><a href="/wiki/Stri_Parva" title="Stri Parva">Stri Parva</a></i> of the epic records Kripa returning to <a href="/wiki/Dhritarashtra" title="Dhritarashtra">Dhritarashtra</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gandhari_(Mahabharata)" title="Gandhari (Mahabharata)">Gandhari</a>, the parents of the Kauravas, and telling them about the war.<sup id="cite_ref-Stri_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stri-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the epic's <i><a href="/wiki/Ashramavasika_Parva" title="Ashramavasika Parva">Ashramavasika Parva</a></i>, when Dhritarashtra decided to retire to the forest, Kripa wanted to accompany him. However, Dhritarashtra stopped him and advised Yudhishthira, the new emperor of Kuru Kingdom, to make Kripa a council member. When the Pandavas also retired to the Himalayas after many years, Kripa became the preceptor of <a href="/wiki/Parikshit" title="Parikshit">Parikshit</a>, the grandson of Arjuna. It is believed that after fulfilling his duties, Kripa finally went to the forest for penance and lived the rest of his life.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMani1975419_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMani1975419-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kripa&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a>, Kripa is described as a <a href="/wiki/Chiranjivi" title="Chiranjivi">Chiranjivi</a>, a "immortal" who will remain alive until the end of the <i><a href="/wiki/Kali_Yuga" title="Kali Yuga">Kali Yuga</a></i>, the last of the four <i><a href="/wiki/Yugas" class="mw-redirect" title="Yugas">yugas</a></i> (age). According to some scriptures, Kripa was blessed with immortality because of his discipline, loyalty and impartial nature. </p><p>According to the <i><a href="/wiki/Vishnu_Purana" title="Vishnu Purana">Vishnu Purana</a></i> (c. 400 BCE – 900 CE), Kripa will become one of the <i><a href="/wiki/Saptarishi" class="mw-redirect" title="Saptarishi">Saptarishi</a></i>, the seven most revered sages, in the next <i><a href="/wiki/Manvantara" title="Manvantara">Manvantara</a></i>, which is a cyclic period of time identifying the age of a <a href="/wiki/Manu_(Hinduism)" title="Manu (Hinduism)">Manu</a>, the progenitor of mankind, in <a href="/wiki/Hindu_cosmology" title="Hindu cosmology">Hindu cosmology</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Vishnu_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vishnu-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMani1975485_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMani1975485-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literature">Literature</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kripa&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Sapta Chiranjivi Stotram is a mantra that is featured in <a href="/wiki/Hindu_texts" title="Hindu texts">Hindu literature</a>: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>अश्वत्थामा बलिर्व्यासो हनुमांश्च विभीषण:।<br />कृप: परशुरामश्च सप्तैतै चिरञ्जीविन:॥<br />सप्तैतान् संस्मरेन्नित्यं मार्कण्डेयमथाष्टमम्।<br />जीवेद्वर्षशतं सोपि सर्वव्याधिविवर्जितः॥ </p><p><br /> </p><p> aśvatthāmā balirvyāsō hanumāṁśca vibhīṣaṇaḥ।<br />kṛpaḥ paraśurāmaśca saptaitai cirañjīvinaḥ॥<br />saptaitān saṁsmarēnnityaṁ mārkaṇḍēyamathāṣṭamam।<br />jīvēdvarṣaśataṁ sopi sarvavyādhivivarjitaḥ॥<br /></p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Sapta Chiranjivi Stotram</cite></div></blockquote> <p>The mantra states that the remembrance of the eight immortals (<a href="/wiki/Ashwatthama" title="Ashwatthama">Ashwatthama</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mahabali" title="Mahabali">Mahabali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vyasa" title="Vyasa">Vyasa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hanuman" title="Hanuman">Hanuman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vibhishana" title="Vibhishana">Vibhishana</a>, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kripa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Parashurama" title="Parashurama">Parashurama</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Markandeya" title="Markandeya">Markandeya</a>) offers one freedom from ailments and longevity. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kripa&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kripa&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMani1975418-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMani1975418_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMani1975418_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMani1975418_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMani1975418_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMani1975418_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMani1975">Mani 1975</a>, p. 418.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-C130-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-C130_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-C130_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-C130_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-C130_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ganguli 1896, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m01/m01131.htm">Adi Parva: Sambhava Parva: Section CXXX</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGandhi2004-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGandhi2004_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGandhi2004_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGandhi2004">Gandhi 2004</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDalal2010206-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDalal2010206_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDalal2010206_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDalal2010206_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDalal2010206_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDalal2010206_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDalal2010206_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDalal2010206_4-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDalal2010">Dalal 2010</a>, p. 206.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVarkey200122-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVarkey200122_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVarkey200122_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVarkey2001">Varkey 2001</a>, p. 22.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMani1975419-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMani1975419_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMani1975419_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMani1975419_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMani1975419_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMani1975419_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMani1975">Mani 1975</a>, p. 419.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ganguli 1896, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m05/m05167.htm">Udyoga Parva: Uluka Dutagamana Parva: Section CLXVII</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stri-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Stri_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ganguli 1896 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m11/m11011.htm">Stri Parva: Jalapradanika Parva: Section XI</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vishnu-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Vishnu_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wilson 1840, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/vp/vp076.htm">Chapter II</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMani1975485-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMani1975485_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMani1975">Mani 1975</a>, p. 485.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kripa&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMani1975" class="citation book cs1">Mani, Vettam (1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/puranicencyclopa00maniuoft/page/418/mode/1up"><i>Puranic encyclopaedia : a comprehensive dictionary with special reference to the epic and Puranic literature</i></a>. Robarts - University of Toronto. Delhi : Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 418, 419. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780842608220" title="Special:BookSources/9780842608220"><bdi>9780842608220</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Puranic+encyclopaedia+%3A+a+comprehensive+dictionary+with+special+reference+to+the+epic+and+Puranic+literature&rft.pages=418%2C+419&rft.pub=Delhi+%3A+Motilal+Banarsidass&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=9780842608220&rft.aulast=Mani&rft.aufirst=Vettam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpuranicencyclopa00maniuoft%2Fpage%2F418%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKripa" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGanguli1896" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Kisari_Mohan_Ganguli" title="Kisari Mohan Ganguli">Ganguli, Kisari Mohan</a> (1896). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m01/">"The Mahabharata, Book 1-18"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Sacred-texts.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacred-texts.com">sacred-texts.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Mahabharata%2C+Book+1-18&rft.pub=sacred-texts.com&rft.date=1896&rft.aulast=Ganguli&rft.aufirst=Kisari+Mohan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sacred-texts.com%2Fhin%2Fm01%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKripa" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDalal2010" class="citation book cs1">Dalal, Roshen (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DH0vmD8ghdMC&q=Kripa"><i>Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide</i></a>. Penguin UK. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-8475-277-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-8475-277-9"><bdi>978-81-8475-277-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hinduism%3A+An+Alphabetical+Guide&rft.pub=Penguin+UK&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-81-8475-277-9&rft.aulast=Dalal&rft.aufirst=Roshen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDH0vmD8ghdMC%26q%3DKripa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKripa" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVarkey2001" class="citation book cs1">Varkey, C.P. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3ZoLhsMr3pMC&pg=PA22"><i>A Pilgrimage ~ Through the Mahabharata</i></a>. St Pauls BYB. pp. 22–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7109-497-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7109-497-4"><bdi>978-81-7109-497-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Pilgrimage+~+Through+the+Mahabharata&rft.pages=22-&rft.pub=St+Pauls+BYB&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-81-7109-497-4&rft.aulast=Varkey&rft.aufirst=C.P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3ZoLhsMr3pMC%26pg%3DPA22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKripa" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGandhi2004" class="citation book cs1">Gandhi, Menka (16 October 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Y5rzpNK3AiIC&q=Krpa"><i>Penguin Book Of Hindu Names For Boys</i></a>. Penguin UK. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-8475-836-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-8475-836-8"><bdi>978-81-8475-836-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Penguin+Book+Of+Hindu+Names+For+Boys&rft.pub=Penguin+UK&rft.date=2004-10-16&rft.isbn=978-81-8475-836-8&rft.aulast=Gandhi&rft.aufirst=Menka&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DY5rzpNK3AiIC%26q%3DKrpa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKripa" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson1840" class="citation web cs1">Wilson, Horace Hayman (1840). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/vp/vp076.htm">"The Vishnu Purana"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Sacred-texts.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacred-texts.com">sacred-texts.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Vishnu+Purana&rft.pub=sacred-texts.com&rft.date=1840&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Horace+Hayman&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sacred-texts.com%2Fhin%2Fvp%2Fvp076.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKripa" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Kurukshetra.jpg/165px-Kurukshetra.jpg" decoding="async" width="165" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Kurukshetra.jpg/248px-Kurukshetra.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Kurukshetra.jpg/330px-Kurukshetra.jpg 2x" data-file-width="614" data-file-height="428" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/The_18_parvas" class="mw-redirect" title="The 18 parvas">Books (<i>parva</i>s)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adi_Parva" title="Adi Parva">Adi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabha_Parva" title="Sabha Parva">Sabha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vana_Parva" title="Vana Parva">Vana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virata_Parva" title="Virata Parva">Virata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udyoga_Parva" title="Udyoga Parva">Udyoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhishma_Parva" title="Bhishma Parva">Bhishma</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhagavad_Gita" title="Bhagavad Gita">Bhagavad Gita</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drona_Parva" title="Drona Parva">Drona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karna_Parva" title="Karna Parva">Karna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shalya_Parva" title="Shalya Parva">Shalya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sauptika_Parva" title="Sauptika Parva">Sauptika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stri_Parva" title="Stri Parva">Stri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanti_Parva" title="Shanti Parva">Shanti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anushasana_Parva" title="Anushasana Parva">Anushasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashvamedhika_Parva" title="Ashvamedhika Parva">Ashvamedhika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashramavasika_Parva" title="Ashramavasika Parva">Ashramavasika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mausala_Parva" title="Mausala Parva">Mausala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahaprasthanika_Parva" title="Mahaprasthanika Parva">Mahaprasthanika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svargarohana_Parva" title="Svargarohana Parva">Svargarohana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harivamsha" class="mw-redirect" title="Harivamsha">Harivamsha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#FFC569;;width:1%">Tribes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Main tribes <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bharatas_(tribe)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bharatas (tribe)">Bharata</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kauravas" class="mw-redirect" title="Kauravas">Kauravas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandavas" class="mw-redirect" title="Pandavas">Pandavas</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yadu" class="mw-redirect" title="Yadu">Yadu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunti" title="Kunti">Kunti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhara" title="Gandhara">Gandhara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matsya_kingdom" title="Matsya kingdom">Matsya</a></li></ul></li> <li>List of tribes <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Janapadas" class="mw-redirect" title="Janapadas">Janapadas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahajanapadas" title="Mahajanapadas">Mahajanapadas</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#FFC569;;width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Capitals <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hastinapur" title="Hastinapur">Hastinapur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indraprastha" title="Indraprastha">Indraprastha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/48_kos_parikrama_of_Kurukshetra" class="mw-redirect" title="48 kos parikrama of Kurukshetra">48 kos parikrama of Kurukshetra</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kurukshetra" title="Kurukshetra">Kurukshetra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jyotisar" title="Jyotisar">Jyotisar</a></li></ul></li> <li>Panchagrama <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indraprastha" title="Indraprastha">Indraprastha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panipat" title="Panipat">Pranaprastha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonipat" title="Sonipat">Swarnaprastha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilpat" title="Tilpat">Tilaprastha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baghpat" title="Baghpat">Vyagaprastha</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#FFC569;;width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Svayamvara" title="Svayamvara">Svayamvara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurukshetra_War" title="Kurukshetra War">Kurukshetra War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vishvarupa" title="Vishvarupa">Vishvarupa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padmavyuha" class="mw-redirect" title="Padmavyuha">Chakravyūha</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_characters_in_the_Mahabharata" title="List of characters in the Mahabharata">Characters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abhimanyu" title="Abhimanyu">Abhimanyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amba_(Mahabharata)" title="Amba (Mahabharata)">Amba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambika_(Mahabharata)" title="Ambika (Mahabharata)">Ambika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambalika" title="Ambalika">Ambalika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arjuna" title="Arjuna">Arjuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashwatthama" title="Ashwatthama">Ashwatthama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babruvahana" title="Babruvahana">Babruvahana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahlika_(Mahabharata)" title="Bahlika (Mahabharata)">Bahlika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balarama" title="Balarama">Balarama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagadatta" title="Bhagadatta">Bhagadatta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharata_(Mahabharata)" title="Bharata (Mahabharata)">Bharata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhima" title="Bhima">Bhima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhishma" title="Bhishma">Bhishma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhurishravas" title="Bhurishravas">Bhurishravas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chitr%C4%81ngada" title="Chitrāngada">Chitrāngada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chitr%C4%81ngad%C4%81" title="Chitrāngadā">Chitrāngadā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damayanti" title="Damayanti">Damayanti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhrishtadyumna" title="Dhrishtadyumna">Dhrishtadyumna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhritarashtra" title="Dhritarashtra">Dhritarashtra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Draupadi" title="Draupadi">Draupadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drona" title="Drona">Drona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drupada" title="Drupada">Drupada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duhsala" class="mw-redirect" title="Duhsala">Duhsala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durvasa" title="Durvasa">Durvasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duryodhana" title="Duryodhana">Duryodhana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dushasana" title="Dushasana">Dushasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dushyanta" title="Dushyanta">Dushyanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekalavya" title="Ekalavya">Ekalavya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhari_(Mahabharata)" title="Gandhari (Mahabharata)">Gandhari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganga_(goddess)" title="Ganga (goddess)">Ganga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghatotkacha" title="Ghatotkacha">Ghatotkacha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hidimba" title="Hidimba">Hidimba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hidimbi" title="Hidimbi">Hidimbi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iravan" title="Iravan">Iravan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janamejaya_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Janamejaya II">Janamejaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jarasandha" title="Jarasandha">Jarasandha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayadratha" title="Jayadratha">Jayadratha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karna" title="Karna">Karna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kichaka" title="Kichaka">Kichaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kindama" title="Kindama">Kindama</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kripa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishna" title="Krishna">Krishna</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Krishna_in_the_Mahabharata" title="Krishna in the Mahabharata">Role in the <i>Mahabharata</i></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kritavarma" title="Kritavarma">Kritavarma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunti" title="Kunti">Kunti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lomasha" title="Lomasha">Lomasha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madri" title="Madri">Madri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahusha" title="Nahusha">Nahusha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakula" title="Nakula">Nakula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nala" title="Nala">Nala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandu" title="Pandu">Pandu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parashurama" title="Parashurama">Parashurama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parikshit" title="Parikshit">Parikshit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purochana" title="Purochana">Purochana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pururavas" title="Pururavas">Pururavas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rukmi" title="Rukmi">Rukmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rukmini" title="Rukmini">Rukmini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahadeva" title="Sahadeva">Sahadeva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjaya" title="Sanjaya">Sanjaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyaki" title="Satyaki">Satyaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyavati" title="Satyavati">Satyavati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savitri_and_Satyavan" title="Savitri and Satyavan">Savitri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shantanu" title="Shantanu">Shantanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakuni" title="Shakuni">Shakuni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakuntala" title="Shakuntala">Shakuntala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shalya" title="Shalya">Shalya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shikhandi" title="Shikhandi">Shikhandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shishupala" title="Shishupala">Shishupala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subhadra" title="Subhadra">Subhadra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudeshna" title="Sudeshna">Sudeshna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulupi" title="Ulupi">Ulupi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upapandavas" title="Upapandavas">Upapandavas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttara_(Mahabharata)" title="Uttara (Mahabharata)">Uttara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttar%C4%81_(Mahabharata)" title="Uttarā (Mahabharata)">Uttarā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vichitravirya" title="Vichitravirya">Vichitravirya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidura" title="Vidura">Vidura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vikarna" title="Vikarna">Vikarna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virata" title="Virata">Virata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vrishaketu" title="Vrishaketu">Vrishaketu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vrishasena" title="Vrishasena">Vrishasena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyasa" title="Vyasa">Vyasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yayati" title="Yayati">Yayati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yudhishthira" title="Yudhishthira">Yudhishthira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuyutsu" title="Yuyutsu">Yuyutsu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#FFC569;;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avatars_in_the_Mahabharata" title="Avatars in the Mahabharata">Avatars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epic_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Epic India">Kingdoms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedic_era" class="mw-redirect" title="Vedic era">Vedic era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epic-Puranic_chronology" title="Epic-Puranic chronology">Epic-Puranic chronology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarasvati_River" title="Sarasvati River">Sarasvati River</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background-color:#FFC569;;background:#FFC569;"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span><a href="/wiki/Category:Mahabharata" title="Category:Mahabharata">Category</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hindu_deities_and_texts" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#FFC569;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hindu_deities_and_texts" title="Template:Hindu deities and texts"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hindu_deities_and_texts" title="Template talk:Hindu deities and texts"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hindu_deities_and_texts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hindu deities and texts"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hindu_deities_and_texts" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_deities" title="Hindu deities">Hindu deities</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hindu_texts" title="Hindu texts">texts</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Deva_(Hinduism)" title="Deva (Hinduism)">Gods</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trimurti" title="Trimurti">Trimurti</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brahma" title="Brahma">Brahma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishnu" title="Vishnu">Vishnu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiva" title="Shiva">Shiva</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agni" title="Agni">Agni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashvins" title="Ashvins">Ashvins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandra" title="Chandra">Chandra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dattatreya" title="Dattatreya">Dattatreya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganesha" title="Ganesha">Ganesha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanuman" title="Hanuman">Hanuman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indra" title="Indra">Indra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamadeva" title="Kamadeva">Kama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kartikeya" title="Kartikeya">Kartikeya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishna" title="Krishna">Krishna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kubera" title="Kubera">Kubera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rama" title="Rama">Rama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shasta_(deity)" title="Shasta (deity)">Shasta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surya" title="Surya">Surya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varuna" title="Varuna">Varuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vayu" title="Vayu">Vayu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishvakarma" title="Vishvakarma">Vishvakarma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yama" title="Yama">Yama</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Category:Hindu_gods" title="Category:Hindu gods">more</a></i></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hindu Om symbol"><img alt="Hindu Om symbol" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Om_symbol.svg/50px-Om_symbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Om_symbol.svg/75px-Om_symbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Om_symbol.svg/100px-Om_symbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="356" data-file-height="367" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Devi" title="Devi">Goddesses</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tridevi" title="Tridevi">Tridevi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saraswati" title="Saraswati">Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakshmi" title="Lakshmi">Lakshmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parvati" title="Parvati">Parvati</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aditi" title="Aditi">Aditi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhumi_(goddess)" title="Bhumi (goddess)">Bhumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhaya" title="Chhaya">Chhaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durga" title="Durga">Durga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganga_(goddess)" title="Ganga (goddess)">Ganga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indrani" title="Indrani">Shachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kali" title="Kali">Kali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahadevi" title="Mahadevi">Mahadevi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahavidya" title="Mahavidya">Mahavidya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matangi" title="Matangi">Matangi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matrikas" title="Matrikas">Matrikas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radha" title="Radha">Radha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rati" title="Rati">Rati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rohini_(goddess)" title="Rohini (goddess)">Rohini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rukmini" title="Rukmini">Rukmini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjna" title="Sanjna">Sanjna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sati_(Hindu_goddess)" title="Sati (Hindu goddess)">Sati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakti" title="Shakti">Shakti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shashthi" title="Shashthi">Shashthi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sita" title="Sita">Sita</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Category:Hindu_goddesses" title="Category:Hindu goddesses">more</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">Other deities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apsara" title="Apsara">Apsaras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asura" title="Asura">Asuras</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daitya" title="Daitya">Daitya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danava_(Hinduism)" title="Danava (Hinduism)">Danava</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devata" title="Devata">Devata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guardians_of_the_directions" title="Guardians of the directions">Dikpāla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandharva" title="Gandharva">Gandharvas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gana" title="Gana">Gana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuladevata" title="Kuladevata">Kuladevatas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gramadevata" title="Gramadevata">Gramadevatas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rakshasa" title="Rakshasa">Rakshasas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vahana" title="Vahana">Vahanas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaksha" title="Yaksha">Yakshas</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yakshini" title="Yakshini">Yakshini</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">Texts (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Hindu_texts" title="List of Hindu texts">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vedas" title="Vedas">Vedas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rigveda" title="Rigveda">Rig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaveda" title="Samaveda">Sama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yajurveda" title="Yajurveda">Yajur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atharvaveda" title="Atharvaveda">Atharva</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upanishads" title="Upanishads">Upanishads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puranas" title="Puranas">Puranas</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana">Ramayana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mahabharata" title="Mahabharata">Mahabharata</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bhagavad_Gita" title="Bhagavad Gita">Bhagavad Gita</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yoga_Sutras_of_Patanjali" title="Yoga Sutras of Patanjali">Yoga Sutras of Patanjali</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Category:Hindu_texts" title="Category:Hindu texts">more</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:#FFC569;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_mythology" title="Hindu mythology">Hindu mythology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6b7f745dd4‐rx5dc Cached time: 20241125104943 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.572 seconds Real time usage: 0.775 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 3323/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 55253/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 5014/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 4/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 44094/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.363/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 16379509/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 675.258 1 -total 17.33% 117.019 2 Template:Langx 14.00% 94.522 4 Template:Cite_book 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