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class="vector-toc-text"> 3 History </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle History subsection </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Origins_from_Polynesia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origins_from_Polynesia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Origins from Polynesia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origins_from_Polynesia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Early history </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Contact_with_Europeans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contact_with_Europeans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Contact with Europeans </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Contact_with_Europeans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Decline_and_revival" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Decline_and_revival"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Decline and revival </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Decline_and_revival-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Māori_King_Movement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Māori_King_Movement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 Māori King Movement </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Māori_King_Movement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Demographics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Culture </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Culture subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Traditional_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Traditional_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Traditional culture </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Traditional_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Belief_and_religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Belief_and_religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Belief and religion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Belief_and_religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Performing_arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Performing_arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Performing arts </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Performing_arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literature_and_media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature_and_media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Literature and media </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature_and_media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5 Sport </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Language </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Social_organisation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Social_organisation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Social organisation </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Social_organisation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Social organisation subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Social_organisation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Historical_development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historical_development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Historical development </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historical_development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-20th_century_to_present" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20th_century_to_present"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1.1 20th century to present </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20th_century_to_present-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marae,_hapū_and_iwi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marae,_hapū_and_iwi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Marae, hapū and iwi </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marae,_hapū_and_iwi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Race_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Race_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Race relations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Race_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Socioeconomic_issues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Socioeconomic_issues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Socioeconomic issues </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Socioeconomic_issues-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Socioeconomic issues subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Socioeconomic_issues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Health" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Health </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Commerce" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commerce"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Commerce </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commerce-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_representation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_representation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Political representation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_representation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Māori people</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 96 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-96" aria-hidden="true" > 96 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maori%27s" title="Maori's – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Maori's" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maore" title="Maore – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Maore" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="ماوري – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ماوري" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maor%C3%ADs" title="Maorís – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Maorís" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pueblu_maor%C3%AD" title="Pueblu maorí – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Pueblu maorí" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maoril%C9%99r" title="Maorilər – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Maorilər" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anak_M%C4%81ori" title="Anak Māori – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Anak Māori" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF" title="মাওরি জাতি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মাওরি জাতি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%81ori_l%C3%A2ng" title="Māori lâng – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Māori lâng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Маары – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Маары" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Маори – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Маори" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maori" title="Maori – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Maori" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%81oried" title="Māoried – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Māoried" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maoris" title="Maoris – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Maoris" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maorov%C3%A9" title="Maorové – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Maorové" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maor%C3%AFaid" title="Maorïaid – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Maorïaid" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maorier" title="Maorier – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Maorier" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="ماوري – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="ماوري" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maori" title="Maori – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Maori" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maoorid" title="Maoorid – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Maoorid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%AC%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%B9" title="Μάορι – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μάορι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pueblo_maor%C3%AD" title="Pueblo maorí – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pueblo maorí" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maorioj" title="Maorioj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Maorioj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maori" title="Maori – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Maori" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="مائوری – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مائوری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maoris_(Nouvelle-Z%C3%A9lande)" title="Maoris (Nouvelle-Zélande) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Maoris (Nouvelle-Zélande)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%81ori" title="Māori – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Māori" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pobo_maor%C3%AD" title="Pobo maorí – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Pobo maorí" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%81ori-ng%C3%ACn" title="Māori-ngìn – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Māori-ngìn" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EC%98%A4%EB%A6%AC%EC%A1%B1" title="마오리족 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="마오리족" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Մաորիներ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մաորիներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" title="माओरी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="माओरी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maori" title="Maori – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Maori" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Populo_Maori" title="Populo Maori – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Populo Maori" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orang_M%C4%81ori" title="Orang Māori – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Orang Māori" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma%C3%B3r%C3%ADar" title="Maóríar – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Maóríar" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maori" title="Maori – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Maori" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9D" title="מאורים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מאורים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="მაორი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მაორი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Маори – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Маори" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wamaori" title="Wamaori – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Wamaori" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Маорилер – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Маорилер" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maoriani" title="Maoriani – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Maoriani" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maori" title="Maori – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Maori" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maoriai" title="Maoriai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Maoriai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maorik" title="Maorik – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Maorik" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Маори – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Маори" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vahoaka_maory" title="Vahoaka maory – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Vahoaka maory" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF_%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%A4" title="മാവോറി ജനത – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മാവോറി ജനത" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%81ori" title="Māori – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Māori" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" title="माओरी – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="माओरी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%89" title="ماورى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ماورى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orang_Maori" title="Orang Maori – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Orang Maori" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Маори – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Маори" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maori_(volk)" title="Maori (volk) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Maori (volk)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%82%AA%E3%83%AA" title="マオリ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マオリ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maorier" title="Maorier – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Maorier" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maoriar" title="Maoriar – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Maoriar" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma%C3%B2ri_(p%C3%B2ble)" title="Maòri (pòble) – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Maòri (pòble)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maori_xalqi" title="Maori xalqi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Maori xalqi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%93%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%95" title="ਮਾਓਰੀ ਲੋਕ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮਾਓਰੀ ਲੋਕ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maori_tamdaw" title="Maori tamdaw – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Maori tamdaw" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pangcah</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%84%D9%88%DA%A9" title="ماوری لوک – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ماوری لوک" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ماوريان – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ماوريان" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maorysi" title="Maorysi – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Maorysi" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maoris" title="Maoris – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Maoris" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poporul_m%C4%81ori" title="Poporul māori – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Poporul māori" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mawri_runa" title="Mawri runa – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Mawri runa" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Маори – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Маори" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Маори – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Маори" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/u_Mauli_a_binacadan" title="u Mauli a binacadan – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="u Mauli a binacadan" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sakizaya</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tagata_M%C4%81oli" title="Tagata Māoli – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Tagata Māoli" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagana Samoa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%81oris" title="Māoris – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Māoris" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%81ori" title="Māori – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Māori" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%81ori_people" title="Māori people – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Māori people" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maoriovia" title="Maoriovia – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Maoriovia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maori" title="Maori – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Maori" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Маори – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Маори" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maori" title="Maori – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Maori" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maorit" title="Maorit – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Maorit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maorier" title="Maorier – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Maorier" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF" title="மாவோரி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மாவோரி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5" title="ชาวมาวรี – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ชาวมาวรี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maoriler" title="Maoriler – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Maoriler" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96_(%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4)" title="Маорі (народ) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Маорі (народ)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%82%D9%88%D9%85" title="ماوری قوم – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ماوری قوم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di_M%C4%81ori" title="Người Māori – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Người Māori" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maworis_(peupe)" title="Maworis (peupe) – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Maworis (peupe)" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%81ori_(katawhan)" title="Māori (katawhan) – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Māori (katawhan)" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AF%9B%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%BA" title="毛利人 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="毛利人" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AF%9B%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%BA" title="毛利人 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="毛利人" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%81ori" title="Māori – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Māori" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zeêuws</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AF%9B%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%BA" title="毛利人 – Chinese" lang="zh" 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the Māori people of New Zealand. For the Māori people of the Cook Islands, see <a href="/wiki/Cook_Islanders" title="Cook Islanders">Cook Islanders</a>. For the Maohi people of the Society Islands, see <a href="/wiki/Tahitians" title="Tahitians">Tahitians</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Maouri_people" title="Maouri people">Maouri people</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mauri" title="Mauri">Mauri</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Moriori" title="Moriori">Moriori</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ethnic group</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Māori</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Haka_performed_during_US_Defense_Secretary%27s_visit_to_New_Zealand_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Haka_performed_during_US_Defense_Secretary%27s_visit_to_New_Zealand_%281%29.jpg/220px-Haka_performed_during_US_Defense_Secretary%27s_visit_to_New_Zealand_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Haka_performed_during_US_Defense_Secretary%27s_visit_to_New_Zealand_%281%29.jpg/330px-Haka_performed_during_US_Defense_Secretary%27s_visit_to_New_Zealand_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Haka_performed_during_US_Defense_Secretary%27s_visit_to_New_Zealand_%281%29.jpg/440px-Haka_performed_during_US_Defense_Secretary%27s_visit_to_New_Zealand_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3313" data-file-height="2205" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Māori performing a <a href="/wiki/Haka" title="Haka">haka</a> (2012)</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Regions with significant populations</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;">New Zealand</th><td class="infobox-data">887,493 (primary ethnicity) 978,246 (descent, 2023)<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;">Australia</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_Australians" title="Māori Australians">170,057</a> (2021 census)<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;">United Kingdom</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealanders_in_the_United_Kingdom#Māori" title="New Zealanders in the United Kingdom">approx. 8,000</a> (2000)<a href="#cite_note-Walrond-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;">United States</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_Americans" title="Māori Americans">3,500</a> (2000)<a href="#cite_note-auto-4">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;">Canada</th><td class="infobox-data">2,500 (2016)<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;">Other regions</th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="approximately">approx.</abbr> 8,000<a href="#cite_note-Walrond-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Languages</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_language" title="Māori language">Māori</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_English" title="New Zealand English">English</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Religion</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Mainly <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_New_Zealand" title="Christianity in New Zealand">Christian</a> or <a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_New_Zealand" title="Irreligion in New Zealand">irreligious</a> <a href="/wiki/R%C4%81tana" title="Rātana">Rātana</a> <a href="/wiki/Religion_of_M%C4%81ori_people" title="Religion of Māori people">Māori religions</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Related ethnic groups</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Other <a href="/wiki/Polynesians" title="Polynesians">Polynesian peoples</a>; especially <a href="/wiki/Native_Hawaiians" title="Native Hawaiians">Native Hawaiians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cook_Islanders" title="Cook Islanders">Cook Island Māori</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moriori" title="Moriori">Moriori</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tahitians" title="Tahitians">Tahitians</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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border-color:#c00;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="border-bottom:2px solid #c00;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Māori</a> topics</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="padding-bottom:0.7em;"><img alt="Māori pattern" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Maori-rafter1.svg/250px-Maori-rafter1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Maori-rafter1.svg/375px-Maori-rafter1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Maori-rafter1.svg/500px-Maori-rafter1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="939" data-file-height="221" /></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_history" title="Māori history">History</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="border-top:1px solid #c00; padding-bottom:0.7em;"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polynesian_navigation" title="Polynesian navigation">Polynesian navigation</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_migration_canoes" title="Māori migration canoes">Māori migration canoes</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Musket_Wars" title="Musket Wars">Musket Wars</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Waitangi" title="Treaty of Waitangi">Treaty of Waitangi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Wars" title="New Zealand Wars">New Zealand Wars</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_land_confiscations" title="New Zealand land confiscations">Land confiscations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_protest_movement" title="Māori protest movement">Māori protest movement</a></li></ul></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_culture" title="Māori culture">Culture</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="border-top:1px solid #c00; padding-bottom:0.7em;"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Māori cuisine">Cuisine</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Tangihanga" title="Tangihanga">Funerals</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kapa_haka" title="Kapa haka">Kapa haka</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_music" title="Māori music">Music</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_mythology" title="Māori mythology">Mythology</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_naming_customs" title="Māori naming customs">Naming customs</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_poetry" title="Māori poetry">Poetry</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_of_M%C4%81ori_people" title="Religion of Māori people">Religion</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81tauranga_M%C4%81ori" title="Mātauranga Māori">Mātauranga Māori</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Taha_M%C4%81ori" title="Taha Māori">Taha Māori</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Tapu_(Polynesian_culture)" title="Tapu (Polynesian culture)">Tapu</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_traditional_textiles" title="Māori traditional textiles">Textiles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Tikanga_M%C4%81ori" title="Tikanga Māori">Tikanga Māori</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Whakapapa" title="Whakapapa">Whakapapa</a></li></ul></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_politics" title="Māori politics">Politics</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="border-top:1px solid #c00; padding-bottom:0.7em;"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mana_Motuhake" title="Mana Motuhake">Mana Motuhake</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Mana_Movement" title="Mana Movement">Mana Movement</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_electorates" title="Māori electorates">Māori electorates</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_King_movement" title="Māori King movement">Māori King movement</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Te_P%C4%81ti_M%C4%81ori" title="Te Pāti Māori">Te Pāti Māori</a> (Māori Party)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Te_Puni_K%C5%8Dkiri" title="Te Puni Kōkiri">Te Puni Kōkiri</a> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minister_for_M%C4%81ori_Development" title="Minister for Māori Development">Minister for Māori Development</a></li></ul></div></li><li><a href="/wiki/Tino_rangatiratanga" title="Tino rangatiratanga">Tino rangatiratanga</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Waitangi_claims_and_settlements" title="Treaty of Waitangi claims and settlements">Treaty of Waitangi claims and settlements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Co-governance" title="Co-governance">Co-governance</a></li></ul></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_language" title="Māori language">Language</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="border-top:1px solid #c00; padding-bottom:0.7em;"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_influence_on_New_Zealand_English" class="mw-redirect" title="Māori influence on New Zealand English">Influence on New Zealand English</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kura_Kaupapa_M%C4%81ori" class="mw-redirect" title="Kura Kaupapa Māori">Language immersion schools</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_Language_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Māori Language Commission">Māori Language Commission</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_language_revival" title="Māori language revival">Māori language revival</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Te_Wiki_o_te_Reo_M%C4%81ori" title="Te Wiki o te Reo Māori">Te Wiki o te Reo Māori</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_Television" class="mw-redirect" title="Māori Television">Māori Television</a></li></ul></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Society</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="border-top:1px solid #c00; padding-bottom:0.7em;"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_and_conservation" title="Māori and conservation">Conservation</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Hauora" title="Hauora">Hauora</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Iwi" title="Iwi">Iwi</a> (tribes)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Hap%C5%AB" title="Hapū">Hapū</a> (subtribes)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Marae" title="Marae">Marae</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Tangata_whenua" title="Tangata whenua">Tangata whenua</a> ("people of the land")</li><li><a href="/wiki/Wh%C4%81nau" title="Whānau">Whānau</a> (families)</li></ul></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Lists</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="border-top:1px solid #c00; padding-bottom:0.7em;"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_Zealanders#Māori" class="mw-redirect" title="List of New Zealanders">List of Māori</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_iwi" title="List of iwi">List of iwi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_M%C4%81ori_waka" title="List of Māori waka">List of Māori waka</a></li></ul></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="padding:0.3em 0.4em; border-top:1px solid #c00; border-bottom:1px solid #c00; font-weight:bold;"> <img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/16px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/24px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/32px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:New_Zealand" title="Portal:New Zealand">New Zealand portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:M%C4%81ori_sidebar" title="Template:Māori sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:M%C4%81ori_sidebar" title="Template talk:Māori sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:M%C4%81ori_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Māori sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> Māori (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style>Māori: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/M%C4%81ori" title="Help:IPA/Māori">[ˈmaːɔɾi]</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/e\/ec\/Rar-M%C4%81ori.ogg\/Rar-M%C4%81ori.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Rar-M\u0101ori.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ec/Rar-M%C4%81ori.ogg/Rar-M%C4%81ori.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Rar-M%C4%81ori.ogg" title="File:Rar-Māori.ogg">ⓘ</a>)<a href="#cite_note-13">[i]</a> are the <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_Oceania" title="Indigenous peoples of Oceania">indigenous</a> <a href="/wiki/Polynesians" title="Polynesians">Polynesian people</a> of mainland <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a> (<a href="/wiki/Aotearoa" title="Aotearoa">Aotearoa</a>). Māori originated with settlers from East <a href="/wiki/Polynesia" title="Polynesia">Polynesia</a>, who arrived in New Zealand in several waves of <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_migration_canoes" title="Māori migration canoes">canoe voyages</a> between roughly 1320 and 1350.<a href="#cite_note-Walters_et_al_(2017)-14">[13]</a> Over several centuries in isolation, these settlers developed <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_culture" title="Māori culture">their own distinctive culture</a>, whose language, mythology, crafts, and performing arts evolved independently from those of other eastern Polynesian cultures. Some early Māori moved to the <a href="/wiki/Chatham_Islands" title="Chatham Islands">Chatham Islands</a>, where their descendants became New Zealand's other indigenous Polynesian ethnic group, the <a href="/wiki/Moriori" title="Moriori">Moriori</a>.<a href="#cite_note-15">[14]</a> Early contact between Māori and Europeans, starting in the 18th century, ranged from beneficial trade to lethal violence; Māori actively adopted many technologies from the newcomers. With the signing of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Waitangi" title="Treaty of Waitangi">Treaty of Waitangi</a> in 1840, the two cultures coexisted for a generation. Rising tensions over disputed land sales led to conflict in the 1860s, and subsequent land confiscations, which Māori resisted fiercely. After the Treaty was declared a legal nullity in 1877, Māori were <a href="/wiki/Forced_assimilation" title="Forced assimilation">forced to assimilate</a> into many aspects of <a href="/wiki/Western_culture" title="Western culture">Western culture</a>. Social upheaval and epidemics of introduced disease took a devastating toll on the Māori population, which fell dramatically, but began to recover by the beginning of the 20th century. The March 2023 New Zealand census gives the number of people of Māori descent as 978,246 (19.6% of the total population), an increase of 12.5% since 2018.<a href="#cite_note-16">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[16]</a> Efforts have been made, centring on the Treaty of Waitangi, to increase the standing of Māori in wider New Zealand society and achieve <a href="/wiki/Social_justice" title="Social justice">social justice</a>. Traditional Māori culture has enjoyed a significant revival, which was further bolstered by a <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_protest_movement" title="Māori protest movement">Māori protest movement</a> that emerged in the 1960s. However, disproportionate numbers of Māori face significant economic and social obstacles, and generally have lower life expectancies and incomes than other New Zealand ethnic groups. They suffer higher levels of crime, health problems, imprisonment and educational under-achievement. A number of socio-economic initiatives have been instigated with the aim of "<a href="/wiki/Closing_the_gaps" class="mw-redirect" title="Closing the gaps">closing the gaps</a>" between Māori and other New Zealanders. Political and economic redress for historical grievances is also ongoing (see <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Waitangi_claims_and_settlements" title="Treaty of Waitangi claims and settlements">Treaty of Waitangi claims and settlements</a>). Māori are the second-largest ethnic group in New Zealand, after European New Zealanders (commonly known by the Māori name <a href="/wiki/P%C4%81keh%C4%81" title="Pākehā">Pākehā</a>). In addition, <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_Australians" title="Māori Australians">more than 170,000 Māori</a> live in Australia. The <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_language" title="Māori language">Māori language</a> is spoken to some extent by about a fifth of all Māori, representing three per cent of the total population. Māori are active in all spheres of New Zealand culture and society, with independent representation in areas such as media, politics, and sport. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C4%81ori_people&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology">edit</a>]</div> In the <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_language" title="Māori language">Māori language</a>, the word māori means "normal", "natural", or "ordinary". In legends and oral traditions, the word distinguished ordinary mortal human beings—tāngata māori—from <a href="/wiki/Religion_of_M%C4%81ori_people" title="Religion of Māori people">deities</a> and spirits (wairua).<a href="#cite_note-18">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[ii]</a> Likewise, wai māori denotes "fresh water", as opposed to <a href="/wiki/Salt_water" class="mw-redirect" title="Salt water">salt water</a>. There are <a href="/wiki/Cognate" title="Cognate">cognate</a> words in most <a href="/wiki/Polynesian_languages" title="Polynesian languages">Polynesian languages</a>,<a href="#cite_note-20">[18]</a> all deriving from Proto-Polynesian *ma(a)qoli, which has the reconstructed meaning "true, real, genuine".<a href="#cite_note-pollex-21">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-Eastern_Polynesian_Languages-22">[20]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Naming_and_self-naming">Naming and self-naming</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C4%81ori_people&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Naming and self-naming">edit</a>]</div> Early visitors from Europe to New Zealand generally referred to the indigenous inhabitants as "New Zealanders" or as "natives".<a href="#cite_note-23">[21]</a> The Māori used the term Māori to describe themselves in a pan-tribal sense.<a href="#cite_note-24">[iii]</a> Māori people often use the term <a href="/wiki/Tangata_whenua" title="Tangata whenua">tangata whenua</a> (literal meaning, "people of the land") to identify in a way that expresses their relationship with a particular area of land; a tribe may be the tangata whenua in one area, but not in another.<a href="#cite_note-25">[22]</a> The term can also refer to the Māori people as a whole in relation to New Zealand (<a href="/wiki/Aotearoa" title="Aotearoa">Aotearoa</a>) as a whole. The official definition of Māori for electoral purposes has changed over time. Before 1974, the government required documented ancestry to determine the status of "a Māori person" and only those with at least 50% Māori ancestry were allowed to choose which seats they wished to vote in. The Māori Affairs Amendment Act 1974 changed this, allowing individuals to self-identify as to their cultural identity. Until 1986, the census required at least 50 per cent Māori ancestry to claim Māori affiliation. Currently, in most contexts, authorities require some documentation of ancestry or continuing cultural connection (such as acceptance by others as being of the people); however, there is no minimum ancestry requirement.<a href="#cite_note-26">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-28">[iv]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C4%81ori_people&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_history" title="Māori history">Māori history</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origins_from_Polynesia">Origins from Polynesia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C4%81ori_people&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Origins from Polynesia">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:First_human_migration_to_New_Zealand.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/First_human_migration_to_New_Zealand.svg/330px-First_human_migration_to_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/First_human_migration_to_New_Zealand.svg/495px-First_human_migration_to_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/First_human_migration_to_New_Zealand.svg/660px-First_human_migration_to_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="779" data-file-height="499" /></a><figcaption>The Māori settlement of New Zealand represents an end-point of a long chain of <a href="/wiki/Oceanic_dispersal" title="Oceanic dispersal">island-hopping</a> voyages in the <a href="/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania">South Pacific</a>.</figcaption></figure> No credible evidence exists of <a href="/wiki/Pre-M%C4%81ori_settlement_of_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Pre-Māori settlement of New Zealand">pre-Māori settlement of New Zealand</a>; on the other hand, compelling evidence from archaeology, linguistics, and physical anthropology indicates that the first settlers migrated from <a href="/wiki/Polynesia" title="Polynesia">Polynesia</a> and became the Māori.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-29">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[26]</a> Evidence indicates that their ancestry (as part of the larger group of <a href="/wiki/Austronesian_peoples" title="Austronesian peoples">Austronesian peoples</a>) stretches back 5,000 years, to the <a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_indigenous_peoples" title="Taiwanese indigenous peoples">indigenous peoples of Taiwan</a>. Polynesian people settled a large area encompassing <a href="/wiki/Tonga" title="Tonga">Tonga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Samoa" title="Samoa">Samoa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tahiti" title="Tahiti">Tahiti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_Islands" title="Hawaiian Islands">Hawaiʻi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Easter_Island" title="Easter Island">Easter Island</a> (Rapa Nui) – and finally New Zealand.<a href="#cite_note-Wilmshurst_et_al-31">[27]</a> The date of first arrival and settlement is a matter of debate.<a href="#cite_note-Wilson2020-32">[28]</a> There may have been some exploration and settlement before the eruption of <a href="/wiki/Mount_Tarawera" title="Mount Tarawera">Mount Tarawera</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1315), based on finds of bones from Polynesian rats and rat-gnawed shells,<a href="#cite_note-33">[29]</a> and evidence of widespread forest fires in the decade or so prior.<a href="#cite_note-34">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-35">[31]</a> One 2022 study using advanced <a href="/wiki/Radiocarbon_dating" title="Radiocarbon dating">radiocarbon technology</a> suggests that "early Māori settlement happened in the North Island between AD 1250 and AD 1275".<a href="#cite_note-36">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-37">[33]</a> However, a synthesis of archaeological and genetic evidence concludes that, whether or not some settlers arrived before the Tarawera eruption, the main settlement period was in the decades after it, somewhere between 1320 and 1350.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-29">[25]</a> This broadly aligns with analyses from Māori oral traditions, which describe the arrival of ancestors in <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_migration_canoes" title="Māori migration canoes">a number of large ocean-going canoes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Waka_(canoe)" title="Waka (canoe)">waka</a>) as a planned mass migration c. 1350.<a href="#cite_note-38">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-39">[35]</a> They had a profound impact on their environment from their first settlement in New Zealand and voyages further south, with definitive archeological evidence of brief settlement as far south as <a href="/wiki/Enderby_Island" title="Enderby Island">Enderby Island</a>.<a href="#cite_note-40">[36]</a> Some have speculated that Māori explorers may have been the first humans to discover <a href="/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica">Antarctica</a>:<a href="#cite_note-41">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-42">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-43">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-44">[40]</a> According to a nineteenth century translation by <a href="/wiki/Stephenson_Percy_Smith" class="mw-redirect" title="Stephenson Percy Smith">Stephenson Percy Smith</a>, part of the Rarotongan oral history describes <a href="/wiki/Ui-te-Rangiora" title="Ui-te-Rangiora">Ui-te-Rangiora</a>, around the year 650, leading a fleet of <a href="/wiki/Waka_(canoe)" title="Waka (canoe)">Waka Tīwai</a> south until they reached, "a place of bitter cold where rock-like structures rose from a solid sea".<a href="#cite_note-45">[41]</a> Based on interpretations by Wehi and her colleagues, subsequent commentators speculated that these brief descriptions might match the <a href="/wiki/Ross_Ice_Shelf" title="Ross Ice Shelf">Ross Ice Shelf</a>, or possibly the <a href="/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica">Antarctic mainland</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Iceberg" title="Iceberg">icebergs</a> surrounded by <a href="/wiki/Antarctic_sea_ice" title="Antarctic sea ice">sea ice</a> found in the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Ocean" title="Southern Ocean">Southern Ocean</a>.<a href="#cite_note-46">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-47">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-48">[44]</a> Other scholars are far more sceptical, raising serious problems with Smith's translations, and noting the seafaring technologies required for Antarctic voyaging.<a href="#cite_note-49">[45]</a> Regardless of these debates, the Māori were sophisticated seafarers and New Zealand has a strong association with Antarctica, and a wish by some for Māori values to be integral to <a href="/wiki/Research_stations_in_Antarctica" title="Research stations in Antarctica">human presence</a> there.<a href="#cite_note-50">[46]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_history">Early history</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C4%81ori_people&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Early history">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Archaeology_of_New_Zealand" title="Archaeology of New Zealand">Archaeology of New Zealand</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Early_Maori_objects_from_Wairau_Bar,_Canterbury_Museum,_2016-01-27.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Early_Maori_objects_from_Wairau_Bar%2C_Canterbury_Museum%2C_2016-01-27.jpg/260px-Early_Maori_objects_from_Wairau_Bar%2C_Canterbury_Museum%2C_2016-01-27.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Early_Maori_objects_from_Wairau_Bar%2C_Canterbury_Museum%2C_2016-01-27.jpg/390px-Early_Maori_objects_from_Wairau_Bar%2C_Canterbury_Museum%2C_2016-01-27.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Early_Maori_objects_from_Wairau_Bar%2C_Canterbury_Museum%2C_2016-01-27.jpg/520px-Early_Maori_objects_from_Wairau_Bar%2C_Canterbury_Museum%2C_2016-01-27.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4441" data-file-height="2066" /></a><figcaption> Early Archaic period objects from the <a href="/wiki/Wairau_Bar" title="Wairau Bar">Wairau Bar</a> archaeological site, on display at the <a href="/wiki/Canterbury_Museum,_Christchurch" title="Canterbury Museum, Christchurch">Canterbury Museum</a> in Christchurch</figcaption></figure> The earliest period of Māori settlement, known as the "Archaic", "Moahunter" or "Colonisation" period, dates from the time of arrival to <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1500. The early Māori diet included an abundance of <a href="/wiki/Moa" title="Moa">moa</a> and other large birds and fur seals that had never been hunted before. This Archaic period is known for its distinctive "reel necklaces",<a href="#cite_note-NgaKakano-51">[47]</a> and also remarkable for the lack of weapons and fortifications typical of the later "Classic" Māori.<a href="#cite_note-52">[48]</a> The best-known and most extensively studied Archaic site, at <a href="/wiki/Wairau_Bar" title="Wairau Bar">Wairau Bar</a> in the South Island,<a href="#cite_note-53">[49]</a> shows evidence of occupation from early-13th century to the early-15th century.<a href="#cite_note-McFadgen_and_Adds_(2018)-54">[50]</a> It is the only known New Zealand archaeological site containing the bones of people who were born elsewhere.<a href="#cite_note-McFadgen_and_Adds_(2018)-54">[50]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Model_Of_Maori_Pa_On_Headland.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Model_Of_Maori_Pa_On_Headland.jpg/200px-Model_Of_Maori_Pa_On_Headland.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Model_Of_Maori_Pa_On_Headland.jpg/300px-Model_Of_Maori_Pa_On_Headland.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Model_Of_Maori_Pa_On_Headland.jpg/400px-Model_Of_Maori_Pa_On_Headland.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1599" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Model of a <a href="/wiki/P%C4%81" title="Pā">pā</a> (hillfort) built on a headland. Pā proliferated as competition and warfare increased among a growing population.</figcaption></figure> Factors that operated in the transition to the Classic period (the culture at the time of European contact) include a significantly <a href="/wiki/Little_Ice_Age" title="Little Ice Age">cooler period</a> from 1500,<a href="#cite_note-atholl-55">[51]</a> and the extinction of the <a href="/wiki/Moa#Relationship_with_humans" title="Moa">moa</a> and of other food species.<a href="#cite_note-56">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-57">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-59">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[56]</a> The Classic period is characterised by finely made <a href="/wiki/Pounamu" title="Pounamu">pounamu</a> (greenstone) weapons and ornaments, elaborately carved <a href="/wiki/Waka_taua" class="mw-redirect" title="Waka taua">war canoes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wharenui" title="Wharenui">wharenui</a> (meeting houses).<a href="#cite_note-neich-61">[57]</a> Māori lived in autonomous settlements in extended <a href="/wiki/Hap%C5%AB" title="Hapū">hapū</a> groups descended from common <a href="/wiki/Iwi" title="Iwi">iwi</a> ancestors. The settlements had farmed areas and food sources for hunting, fishing and gathering. Fortified <a href="/wiki/P%C4%81" title="Pā">pā</a> were built at strategic locations due to occasional warfare over wrongdoings or resources; this practice varied over different locations throughout New Zealand, with more populations in the far North.<a href="#cite_note-Wilson2020-32">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-62">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-63">[59]</a> There is a stereotype that Māori were 'natural warriors'; however, warfare and associated practices like <a href="/wiki/Human_cannibalism" title="Human cannibalism">cannibalism</a> were not a dominating part[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_words" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Avoid weasel words">weasel words</a>] of Māori culture.<a href="#cite_note-64">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-65">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-66">[62]</a> Around the year 1500, a group of Māori migrated east to the <a href="/wiki/Chatham_Islands" title="Chatham Islands">Chatham Islands</a> and developed into a people known as the <a href="/wiki/Moriori" title="Moriori">Moriori</a>,<a href="#cite_note-67">[63]</a> with <a href="/wiki/Pacifism" title="Pacifism">pacifism</a> a key part of their culture.<a href="#cite_note-68">[64]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Contact_with_Europeans">Contact with Europeans</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C4%81ori_people&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Contact with Europeans">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gilsemans_1642.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Gilsemans_1642.jpg/260px-Gilsemans_1642.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Gilsemans_1642.jpg/390px-Gilsemans_1642.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Gilsemans_1642.jpg/520px-Gilsemans_1642.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2960" data-file-height="1924" /></a><figcaption>A drawing from <a href="/wiki/Abel_Tasman" title="Abel Tasman">Abel Tasman</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Travel_journal" class="mw-redirect" title="Travel journal">travel journal</a> of the first encounter between Europeans and Māori, in 1642</figcaption></figure> The first European explorers of New Zealand were <a href="/wiki/Abel_Tasman" title="Abel Tasman">Abel Tasman</a>, who arrived in 1642, Captain <a href="/wiki/James_Cook" title="James Cook">James Cook</a>, in 1769, and <a href="/wiki/Marc-Joseph_Marion_du_Fresne" title="Marc-Joseph Marion du Fresne">Marion du Fresne</a> in 1772. Initial contact between Māori and Europeans proved problematic and sometimes fatal, with Tasman having four of his men killed and probably killing at least one Māori, without ever landing.<a href="#cite_note-69">[65]</a> Cook's men shot at least eight Māori within three days of his first landing,<a href="#cite_note-70">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-71">[67]</a> although he later had good relations with Māori. Three years later, after a promising start, du Fresne and 26 men of his crew were killed. From the 1780s, Māori also increasingly encountered European and American <a href="/wiki/Seal_hunting" title="Seal hunting">sealers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Whaling" title="Whaling">whalers</a> and Christian <a href="/wiki/Missionaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Missionaries">missionaries</a>. Relations were mostly peaceful, although marred by several further violent incidents, the worst of which was the <a href="/wiki/Boyd_massacre" title="Boyd massacre">Boyd massacre</a> in 1807 and subsequent revenge attacks.<a href="#cite_note-72">[68]</a> <a href="/wiki/European_settlers_in_New_Zealand" title="European settlers in New Zealand">European settlement in New Zealand</a> began in the early 19th century, leading to an extensive sharing of culture and ideas. Many Māori valued Europeans, whom they called "<a href="/wiki/P%C4%81keh%C4%81" title="Pākehā">Pākehā</a>", as a means to acquire Western knowledge and technology. Māori quickly adopted writing as a means of sharing ideas, and many of their oral stories and poems were converted to the written form.<a href="#cite_note-73">[69]</a> The introduction of the <a href="/wiki/Potato" title="Potato">potato</a> revolutionised agriculture, and the acquisition of <a href="/wiki/Musket" title="Musket">muskets</a><a href="#cite_note-Old_New_Zealand-74">[70]</a> by Māori iwi led to a period of particularly bloody <a href="/wiki/Endemic_warfare" class="mw-redirect" title="Endemic warfare">intertribal warfare</a> known as the <a href="/wiki/Musket_Wars" title="Musket Wars">Musket Wars</a>, in which many groups were decimated and others driven from their traditional territory.<a href="#cite_note-75">[71]</a> The pacifist <a href="/wiki/Moriori" title="Moriori">Moriori</a> in the Chatham Islands similarly suffered massacre and subjugation in an invasion by some Taranaki iwi.<a href="#cite_note-76">[72]</a> At the same time, the Māori suffered high mortality rates from Eurasian infectious diseases, such as <a href="/wiki/Influenza" title="Influenza">influenza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Smallpox" title="Smallpox">smallpox</a> and <a href="/wiki/Measles" title="Measles">measles</a>, which killed an estimated 10 to 50 per cent of Māori.<a href="#cite_note-77">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-78">[74]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Reconstruction_of_the_Signing_of_the_Treaty_of_Waitangi,_Marcus_King_(16044258961).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Reconstruction_of_the_Signing_of_the_Treaty_of_Waitangi%2C_Marcus_King_%2816044258961%29.jpg/250px-Reconstruction_of_the_Signing_of_the_Treaty_of_Waitangi%2C_Marcus_King_%2816044258961%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Reconstruction_of_the_Signing_of_the_Treaty_of_Waitangi%2C_Marcus_King_%2816044258961%29.jpg/375px-Reconstruction_of_the_Signing_of_the_Treaty_of_Waitangi%2C_Marcus_King_%2816044258961%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Reconstruction_of_the_Signing_of_the_Treaty_of_Waitangi%2C_Marcus_King_%2816044258961%29.jpg/500px-Reconstruction_of_the_Signing_of_the_Treaty_of_Waitangi%2C_Marcus_King_%2816044258961%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1760" data-file-height="1232" /></a><figcaption>Depiction of the signing of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Waitangi" title="Treaty of Waitangi">Treaty of Waitangi</a> in 1840, bringing New Zealand and the Māori into the British Empire</figcaption></figure> By 1839, estimates placed the number of Europeans living in New Zealand as high as 2,000,<a href="#cite_note-79">[75]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/The_Crown" title="The Crown">British Crown</a> acceded to repeated requests from missionaries and some Māori chiefs (<a href="/wiki/Rangatira" title="Rangatira">rangatira</a>) to intervene. The British government sent Royal Navy Captain <a href="/wiki/William_Hobson" title="William Hobson">William Hobson</a> to negotiate a treaty between the British Crown and the Māori, which became known as the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Waitangi" title="Treaty of Waitangi">Treaty of Waitangi</a>. Starting from February 1840, this treaty was signed by the Crown and 500 Māori chiefs from across New Zealand.<a href="#cite_note-80">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-81">[77]</a> The Treaty gave Māori the rights of <a href="/wiki/British_nationality_law" title="British nationality law">British subjects</a> and guaranteed Māori property rights and tribal autonomy, in return for accepting British <a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">sovereignty</a> and the annexation of New Zealand as a colony in the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a>.<a href="#cite_note-82">[78]</a> However, disputes continue over aspects of the Treaty of Waitangi, including wording differences in the two versions (in English and Māori), as well as misunderstandings of different cultural concepts; notably, the Māori version did not cede sovereignty to the British Crown.<a href="#cite_note-83">[79]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Wi_Parata_v_Bishop_of_Wellington" title="Wi Parata v Bishop of Wellington">an 1877 court case</a> the Treaty was declared a "simple nullity" on the grounds that the signatories had been "primitive barbarians".<a href="#cite_note-84">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-85">[81]</a> Nevertheless, relations between Māori and Pākehā during the early colonial period were largely peaceful. Many Māori groups set up substantial businesses, supplying food and other products for domestic and overseas markets. When violence did break out, as in the <a href="/wiki/Wairau_Affray" title="Wairau Affray">Wairau Affray</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flagstaff_War" title="Flagstaff War">Flagstaff War</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hutt_Valley_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Hutt Valley Campaign">Hutt Valley Campaign</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wanganui_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Wanganui Campaign">Wanganui Campaign</a>, it was generally limited and concluded with a peace treaty. However, by the 1860s rising settler numbers and tensions over disputed land purchases led to the later <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_wars" class="mw-redirect" title="New Zealand wars">New Zealand wars</a>, fought by the colonial government against numerous Māori iwi using local and British Imperial troops, and some allied iwi. These conflicts resulted in the colonial government <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_land_confiscations" title="New Zealand land confiscations">confiscating tracts of Māori land</a> as punishment for what were called "rebellions". Pākehā settlers would occupy the confiscated land.<a href="#cite_note-86">[82]</a> Several minor conflicts arose after the wars, including the incident at <a href="/wiki/Parihaka" title="Parihaka">Parihaka</a> in 1881 and the <a href="/wiki/Dog_Tax_War" title="Dog Tax War">Dog Tax War</a> from 1897 to 1898. The <a href="/wiki/Native_Land_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="Native Land Court">Native Land Court</a> was established to transfer Māori land from communal ownership into individual title as a means to assimilation and to facilitate greater sales to European settlers.<a href="#cite_note-87">[83]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Decline_and_revival">Decline and revival</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C4%81ori_people&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Decline and revival">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:E_003261_E_Maoris_in_North_Africa_July_1941.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/E_003261_E_Maoris_in_North_Africa_July_1941.jpg/200px-E_003261_E_Maoris_in_North_Africa_July_1941.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/E_003261_E_Maoris_in_North_Africa_July_1941.jpg/300px-E_003261_E_Maoris_in_North_Africa_July_1941.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/E_003261_E_Maoris_in_North_Africa_July_1941.jpg/400px-E_003261_E_Maoris_in_North_Africa_July_1941.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3040" data-file-height="2999" /></a><figcaption>Members of the 28th (Māori) Battalion performing a <a href="/wiki/Haka" title="Haka">haka</a>, Egypt (July 1941)</figcaption></figure> By the late 19th century, a widespread belief existed amongst both <a href="/wiki/P%C4%81keh%C4%81" title="Pākehā">Pākehā</a> and Māori that the Māori population would cease to exist as a separate race or culture, and become assimilated into the European population.<a href="#cite_note-88">[84]</a> From the late 19th to the mid-20th century various laws, policies, and practices were instituted in New Zealand society with the effect of inducing Māori to conform to Pākehā norms; notable among these are the <a href="/wiki/Tohunga_Suppression_Act_1907" title="Tohunga Suppression Act 1907">Tohunga Suppression Act 1907</a> and the suppression of the Māori language by schools,<a href="#cite_note-89">[85]</a> often enforced with corporal punishment.<a href="#cite_note-90">[86]</a> In the 1896 census, New Zealand had a Māori population of 42,113, by which time Europeans numbered more than 700,000.<a href="#cite_note-91">[87]</a> The decline did not continue and the Māori population continued to recover in the 20th century. Influential Māori politicians such as <a href="/wiki/James_Carroll_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="James Carroll (New Zealand politician)">James Carroll</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C4%80pirana_Ngata" title="Āpirana Ngata">Āpirana Ngata</a>, <a href="/wiki/Te_Rangi_H%C4%ABroa" class="mw-redirect" title="Te Rangi Hīroa">Te Rangi Hīroa</a> and <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ui_P%C5%8Dmare" title="Māui Pōmare">Māui Pōmare</a> aimed to revitalise the Māori people after the devastation of the previous century. They believed the future path called for a degree of <a href="/wiki/Cultural_assimilation" title="Cultural assimilation">assimilation</a>,<a href="#cite_note-92">[88]</a> with Māori adopting European practices such as <a href="/wiki/Medicine#Modern" title="Medicine">Western medicine</a>, while also retaining traditional cultural practices. Māori also fought during both World Wars in specialised battalions (the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_(M%C4%81ori)_Pioneer_Battalion" title="New Zealand (Māori) Pioneer Battalion">Māori Pioneer Battalion</a> in WWI and the <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_Battalion" title="Māori Battalion">28th (Māori) Battalion</a> in WWII). Māori were also badly hit by the <a href="/wiki/1918_influenza_epidemic" class="mw-redirect" title="1918 influenza epidemic">1918 influenza epidemic</a>, with death rates for Māori being 4.5 times higher than for Pākehā. After World War II, <a href="/wiki/Te_reo_M%C4%81ori" class="mw-redirect" title="Te reo Māori">te reo Māori</a> use declined steeply in favour of English. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Whina_Cooper_in_Hamilton.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Whina_Cooper_in_Hamilton.jpg/150px-Whina_Cooper_in_Hamilton.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Whina_Cooper_in_Hamilton.jpg/225px-Whina_Cooper_in_Hamilton.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Whina_Cooper_in_Hamilton.jpg/300px-Whina_Cooper_in_Hamilton.jpg 2x" data-file-width="427" data-file-height="567" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Whina_Cooper" title="Whina Cooper">Whina Cooper</a> leading the Māori Land March in 1975, seeking redress for historical grievances</figcaption></figure> Since the 1960s, Māoridom has undergone a <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_renaissance" title="Māori renaissance">cultural revival</a><a href="#cite_note-93">[89]</a> concurrent with activism for social justice and a <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_protest_movement" title="Māori protest movement">protest movement</a>.<a href="#cite_note-94">[90]</a> <a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dhanga_reo" class="mw-redirect" title="Kōhanga reo">Kōhanga reo</a> (Māori language pre-schools) were established in 1982 to promote Māori language use and halt the decline in its use.<a href="#cite_note-95">[91]</a> Two Māori language television channels broadcast content in the Māori language,<a href="#cite_note-MāoriTVlaunch-96">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-97">[93]</a> while words such as "<a href="/wiki/Kia_ora" title="Kia ora">kia ora</a>" have entered widespread use in New Zealand English.<a href="#cite_note-98">[94]</a> Government recognition of the growing political power of Māori and political activism have led to limited redress for historic land confiscations. In 1975, the Crown set up the <a href="/wiki/Waitangi_Tribunal" title="Waitangi Tribunal">Waitangi Tribunal</a> to investigate historical grievances,<a href="#cite_note-99">[95]</a> and since the 1990s the New Zealand government has negotiated and finalised <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Waitangi_claims_and_settlements" title="Treaty of Waitangi claims and settlements">treaty settlements</a> with many iwi across New Zealand. By June 2008, the government had provided over NZ$900 million in settlements, much of it in the form of land deals.<a href="#cite_note-QuarterlyReport-100">[96]</a> There is a growing Māori leadership who are using these settlements as an investment platform for economic development.<a href="#cite_note-HeraldJames-101">[97]</a> Despite a growing acceptance of Māori culture in wider New Zealand society, treaty settlements have generated significant controversy. Some Māori have argued that the settlements occur at a level of between one and two-and-a-half cents on the dollar of the value of the confiscated lands, and do not represent adequate redress. Conversely, some non-Māori denounce the settlements and socioeconomic initiatives as amounting to race-based preferential treatment.<a href="#cite_note-WaitangiDebateTVNZ-102">[98]</a> Both of these sentiments were expressed during the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_foreshore_and_seabed_controversy" title="New Zealand foreshore and seabed controversy">New Zealand foreshore and seabed controversy</a> in 2004.<a href="#cite_note-103">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-104">[100]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Māori_King_Movement">Māori King Movement</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C4%81ori_people&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Māori King Movement">edit</a>]</div> The Māori King Movement, called the Kīngitanga<a href="#cite_note-107">[v]</a> in <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_language" title="Māori language">Māori</a>, is a Māori <a href="/wiki/Political_movement" title="Political movement">movement</a> that arose among some of the Māori <a href="/wiki/Iwi" title="Iwi">iwi</a> (tribes) of New Zealand in the central North Island in the 1850s, to establish a role similar in status to that of the monarch of the British colonists, as a way of halting the alienation of Māori land.<a href="#cite_note-nzha-108">[103]</a> The Māori monarch operates in a non-constitutional capacity with no legal or judicial power within the New Zealand government. Reigning monarchs retain the position of <a href="/wiki/Paramount_chief" title="Paramount chief">paramount chief</a> of several iwi<a href="#cite_note-Foster-109">[104]</a> and wield some power over these, especially within <a href="/wiki/Tainui" title="Tainui">Tainui</a>. The current Māori monarch, <a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81_Wai_Hono_i_te_P%C5%8D" title="Ngā Wai Hono i te Pō">Ngā Wai Hono i te Pō</a>, was <a href="/wiki/Elective_monarchy" title="Elective monarchy">elected</a> in 2024.<a href="#cite_note-p198-110">[105]</a> Her official residence is Tūrongo House at <a href="/wiki/T%C5%ABrangawaewae" title="Tūrangawaewae">Tūrangawaewae</a> <a href="/wiki/Marae" title="Marae">marae</a> in the town of <a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ruaw%C4%81hia" title="Ngāruawāhia">Ngāruawāhia</a>. She is the eighth monarch since the position was created and is the continuation of a dynasty that reaches back to the inaugural king, <a href="/wiki/P%C5%8Dtatau_Te_Wherowhero" title="Pōtatau Te Wherowhero">Pōtatau Te Wherowhero</a>. The movement arose among a group of central North Island iwi in the 1850s as a means of attaining Māori unity to halt the alienation of land at a time of rapid population growth by European colonists.<a href="#cite_note-nzha-108">[103]</a> The movement sought to establish a monarch who could claim status similar to that of <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria</a> and thus allow Māori to deal with <a href="/wiki/P%C4%81keh%C4%81" title="Pākehā">Pākehā</a> (Europeans) on equal footing. It took on the appearance of an alternative government with its own flag, newspaper, bank, councillors, magistrates and law enforcement. But it was viewed by the colonial government as a challenge to the supremacy of the <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Monarchy of the United Kingdom">British monarchy</a>, leading in turn to the 1863 <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Waikato" class="mw-redirect" title="Invasion of Waikato">invasion of Waikato</a>, which was partly motivated by a drive to neutralise the Kīngitanga's power and influence. Following their defeat at Ōrākau in 1864, Kīngitanga forces withdrew into the Ngāti Maniapoto tribal region of the North Island that became known as the <a href="/wiki/King_Country" title="King Country">King Country</a>.<a href="#cite_note-walkerstruggle-111">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-DaltonWarPolitics-112">[107]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] The Māori monarch's influence has not been as strong as it could be, partially due to the lack of affiliation to the Kīngitanga of key iwi, most notably <a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81i_T%C5%ABhoe" title="Ngāi Tūhoe">Tuhoe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Porou" title="Ngāti Porou">Ngāti Porou</a>, and the largest iwi of all, <a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81puhi" title="Ngāpuhi">Ngāpuhi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-113">[108]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C4%81ori_people&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Demographics">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Maori_ethnicity_declared_in_2018.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Maori_ethnicity_declared_in_2018.png/328px-Maori_ethnicity_declared_in_2018.png" decoding="async" width="328" height="414" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Maori_ethnicity_declared_in_2018.png/492px-Maori_ethnicity_declared_in_2018.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Maori_ethnicity_declared_in_2018.png/657px-Maori_ethnicity_declared_in_2018.png 2x" data-file-width="713" data-file-height="899" /></a><figcaption>Māori in New Zealand in 2018</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:M%C4%81ori_New_Zealanders_population_pyramid_in_2018.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/M%C4%81ori_New_Zealanders_population_pyramid_in_2018.svg/248px-M%C4%81ori_New_Zealanders_population_pyramid_in_2018.svg.png" decoding="async" width="248" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/M%C4%81ori_New_Zealanders_population_pyramid_in_2018.svg/372px-M%C4%81ori_New_Zealanders_population_pyramid_in_2018.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/M%C4%81ori_New_Zealanders_population_pyramid_in_2018.svg/496px-M%C4%81ori_New_Zealanders_population_pyramid_in_2018.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3189" data-file-height="2540" /></a><figcaption>Māori New Zealanders population pyramid in 2018</figcaption></figure> Under the Māori Affairs Amendment Act 1974, a Māori is defined as "a person of the Māori race of New Zealand; and includes any descendant of such a person".<a href="#cite_note-114">[109]</a> The Māori population around the late 18th century was estimated by James Cook at 100,000. Historian Michael King suggests a slightly higher figure of 110,000 is more likely.<a href="#cite_note-115">[110]</a> Their numbers declined during the 19th century, to as low as 42,000; the decline has been attributed to the impact of European colonisation, including new diseases.<a href="#cite_note-116">[111]</a> Thereafter the population grew rapidly. There were 887,493 people identifying as being part of the Māori ethnic group at the <a href="/wiki/2023_New_Zealand_census" title="2023 New Zealand census">2023 New Zealand census</a>, making up 17.8% of New Zealand's population.<a href="#cite_note-:03-117">[112]</a> This is an increase of 111,657 people (14.4%) since the <a href="/wiki/2013_New_Zealand_census" title="2013 New Zealand census">2013 census</a>, and an increase of 288,891 people (48.3%) since the <a href="/wiki/2006_New_Zealand_census" class="mw-redirect" title="2006 New Zealand census">2006 census</a>. The large increase between the 2013 and 2018 census was mainly due to <a href="/wiki/Statistics_New_Zealand" title="Statistics New Zealand">Statistics New Zealand</a> starting to add ethnicity data from other sources (previous censuses, administrative data, and imputation) to the census data to reduce the number of non-responses.<a href="#cite_note-118">[113]</a> The median age of Māori was 26.8 years, compared with 38.1 years for New Zealand as a whole. 262,422 people (29.6%) were aged under 15 years, 223,860 (25.2%) were 15 to 29, 336,486 (37.9%) were 30 to 64, and 64,725 (7.3%) were 65 or older. At the 2018 census, there were 383,019 males and 392,820 females, giving a sex ratio of 0.975 males per female.<a href="#cite_note-119">[114]</a> In terms of population distribution, 753,384 (84.9%) Māori lived in the North Island at the 2023 census and 133,656 (15.1%) lived in the South Island. Five districts had a <a href="/wiki/Majority_minority" title="Majority minority">majority</a> Māori population: <a href="/wiki/Chatham_Islands" title="Chatham Islands">Chatham Islands territory</a> (68.6%), <a href="/wiki/Wairoa_District" title="Wairoa District">Wairoa district</a> (68.5%), <a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cp%C5%8Dtiki_District" title="Ōpōtiki District">Ōpōtiki district</a> (66.2%), <a href="/wiki/Kawerau_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Kawerau District">Kawerau district</a> (63.2%) and <a href="/wiki/Gisborne_District" title="Gisborne District">Gisborne district</a> (54.8%). The <a href="/wiki/Upper_Harbour" title="Upper Harbour">Upper Harbour local board area</a> in Auckland has the lowest concentration of Māori people at 6.1%, followed by the <a href="/wiki/Devonport-Takapuna" title="Devonport-Takapuna">Devonport-Takapuna local board area</a> (6.2%) and the <a href="/wiki/Howick_(local_board_area)" title="Howick (local board area)">Howick local board area</a> (6.3%), The <a href="/wiki/Queenstown-Lakes_District" title="Queenstown-Lakes District">Queenstown-Lakes District</a> had the lowest concentration of Māori outside Auckland at 6.4%.<a href="#cite_note-:03-117">[112]</a> Of those identifying as Māori at the 2018 census, 352,755 people (45.5%) identified as of sole Māori ethnicity while 336,174 people (43.3%) identified as of both European and Māori ethnicity, due to the high rate of intermarriage between the two ethnicities.<a href="#cite_note-120">[115]</a> The largest iwi by population at the 2013 census was <a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81puhi" title="Ngāpuhi">Ngāpuhi</a> (125,601), followed by <a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Porou" title="Ngāti Porou">Ngāti Porou</a> (71,049), <a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81i_Tahu" title="Ngāi Tahu">Ngāi Tahu</a> (54,819) and <a href="/wiki/Waikato_(iwi)" class="mw-redirect" title="Waikato (iwi)">Waikato</a> (40,083). However, over 110,000 people of Māori descent could not identify their iwi.<a href="#cite_note-Quickstats-121">[116]</a> Outside of New Zealand, a large Māori population exists in Australia. There were 170,057 Australians identifying as Māori at the <a href="/wiki/2021_Australian_census" title="2021 Australian census">2021 Australian census</a>, with 65,031 living in <a href="/wiki/Queensland" title="Queensland">Queensland</a>, 39,714 living in <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a> and 31,044 living in <a href="/wiki/Western_Australia" title="Western Australia">Western Australia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Hamer-122">[117]</a> Smaller communities also exist in the United Kingdom (approx. 8,000), the United States (up to 3,500) and Canada (approx. 2,805).<a href="#cite_note-Walrond-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-uscb-123">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-statcan-124">[119]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C4%81ori_people&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Culture">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_culture" title="Māori culture">Māori culture</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TamatekapuaMeetingHouse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/TamatekapuaMeetingHouse.jpg/220px-TamatekapuaMeetingHouse.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/TamatekapuaMeetingHouse.jpg/330px-TamatekapuaMeetingHouse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/TamatekapuaMeetingHouse.jpg/440px-TamatekapuaMeetingHouse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="993" data-file-height="660" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/wiki/Wharenui" title="Wharenui">Wharenui</a> (meeting house) at <a href="/wiki/Ohinemutu" title="Ohinemutu">Ōhinemutu</a> village, <a href="/wiki/Rotorua" title="Rotorua">Rotorua</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tekoteko" title="Tekoteko">tekoteko</a> on the top)</figcaption></figure> Māori culture forms a distinctive part of <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_New_Zealand" title="Culture of New Zealand">New Zealand culture</a> and, due to a large diaspora and the incorporation of Māori motifs into <a href="/wiki/Popular_culture" title="Popular culture">popular culture</a>, is found throughout the world.<a href="#cite_note-125">[120]</a><a href="#cite_note-126">[121]</a> Contemporary Māori culture comprises traditional as well as 20th-century influences. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Traditional_culture">Traditional culture</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C4%81ori_people&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Traditional culture">edit</a>]</div> Archaeological record indicates a gradual evolution of culture.<a href="#cite_note-127">[122]</a> In the course of a few centuries, the growing population led to competition for resources and an increase in warfare and an increased frequency of fortified <a href="/wiki/P%C4%81" title="Pā">pā</a>. Various systems also arose aimed to conserve resources; most of these, such as <a href="/wiki/Tapu_(Polynesian_culture)" title="Tapu (Polynesian culture)">tapu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rahui" class="mw-redirect" title="Rahui">rāhui</a>, used religious or supernatural threats to discourage people from taking species at particular seasons or from specified areas. Warfare between tribes was common, and Māori would sometimes eat their conquered enemies or enslave them.<a href="#cite_note-128">[123]</a> Performing arts such as the <a href="/wiki/Haka" title="Haka">haka</a> developed from their Polynesian roots, as did carving and weaving. Regional dialects arose, with differences in vocabulary and in the pronunciation of some words but the language retained enough similarities to other <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Polynesian_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Polynesian languages">Eastern Polynesian languages</a> for <a href="/wiki/Tupaia_(navigator)" title="Tupaia (navigator)">Tupaia</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Tahitians" title="Tahitians">Tahitian</a> navigator on <a href="/wiki/James_Cook" title="James Cook">James Cook</a>'s first voyage in the region to act as an interpreter between Māori and the crew of the <a href="/wiki/HMS_Endeavour" title="HMS Endeavour">Endeavour</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Belief_and_religion">Belief and religion</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C4%81ori_people&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Belief and religion">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_mythology" title="Māori mythology">Māori mythology</a> and <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Māori religion">Māori religion</a></div> <div class="notheme barbox tright" style="overflow-x: auto;"> <div style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:auto; background: white; color: black;"> <table style="text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#fcd116"><th style="text-align:center;" colspan="5">Religious affiliation<a href="#cite_note-2018_Census-129">[124]</a></th></tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; text-align:left;"></td> <td style="width:100px; text-align:left;"></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">No religion </td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:red; width:53.5%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">53.5%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Christian</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:grey; width:29.9%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">29.9%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Māori religions</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:blue; width:7.7%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">7.7%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Other religion </td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:grey; width:1.4%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">1.4%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Buddhism</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:brown; width:0.2%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.2%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Islam</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:green; width:0.1%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.1%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Hinduism</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:orange; width:0.1%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.1%</td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div> Traditional Māori beliefs have their origins in <a href="/wiki/Polynesian_culture" title="Polynesian culture">Polynesian culture</a>. Concepts such as <a href="/wiki/Tapu_(Polynesian_culture)" title="Tapu (Polynesian culture)">tapu</a> (sacred), <a href="/wiki/Tapu_(Polynesian_culture)#Noa" title="Tapu (Polynesian culture)">noa</a> (non-sacred), <a href="/wiki/Mana_(Oceanian_mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mana (Oceanian mythology)">mana</a> (authority/prestige) and wairua (spirit) governed everyday Māori living, and there are also many <a href="/wiki/List_of_M%C4%81ori_deities" title="List of Māori deities">Māori deities</a>. Today, some Māori follow a variety of Christian faiths such as <a href="/wiki/Presbyterianism" title="Presbyterianism">Presbyterianism</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</a>, Māori Christian groups such as <a href="/wiki/R%C4%81tana" title="Rātana">Rātana</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ringat%C5%AB" title="Ringatū">Ringatū</a>,<a href="#cite_note-religion-130">[125]</a> and also <a href="/wiki/Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anglican" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican">Anglican</a> and <a href="/wiki/Methodist" class="mw-redirect" title="Methodist">Methodist</a> denominations.<a href="#cite_note-131">[126]</a><a href="#cite_note-132">[127]</a> At the <a href="/wiki/2018_New_Zealand_census" title="2018 New Zealand census">2018 New Zealand census</a>, 7.7 per cent of Māori were affiliated with Māori religions, beliefs, and philosophies; 29.9 per cent with Christian denominations and 53.5 per cent of Māori claimed <a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_New_Zealand" title="Irreligion in New Zealand">no religion</a>. Proportions of Christian and irreligious Māori are comparable with European New Zealanders.<a href="#cite_note-2018_Census-129">[124]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flanked_by_Te_Iringa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Flanked_by_Te_Iringa.jpg/170px-Flanked_by_Te_Iringa.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Flanked_by_Te_Iringa.jpg/255px-Flanked_by_Te_Iringa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Flanked_by_Te_Iringa.jpg/340px-Flanked_by_Te_Iringa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>Māori woman with a representation of the <a href="/wiki/Waikato" title="Waikato">Waikato</a> Ancestress "Te Iringa"</figcaption></figure> Many Māori people observe spiritual traditions such as <a href="/wiki/Tapu_(Polynesian_culture)" title="Tapu (Polynesian culture)">tapu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tapu_(Polynesian_culture)#Noa" title="Tapu (Polynesian culture)">noa</a>. Certain objects, areas, or buildings are tapu (spiritually restricted), and must be made noa (unrestricted) by ceremonial action.<a href="#cite_note-133">[128]</a> It is common practice, for instance, to remove one's shoes before entering a wharenui (meeting-house), a token of respect for the ancestors who are represented and spiritually present within the wharenui.<a href="#cite_note-134">[129]</a> Another spiritual ritual is hurihanga takapau (purification), practised when fishing to ensure there is no tapu on the fish.<a href="#cite_note-135">[130]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Performing_arts">Performing arts</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C4%81ori_people&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Performing arts">edit</a>]</div> Cultural performance of <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_music" title="Māori music">waiata</a> (song), <a href="/wiki/Haka" title="Haka">haka</a> (dance), tauparapara (chants) and mōteatea (poetry) are used by Māori to express and pass on knowledge and understanding about history, communities, and relationships.<a href="#cite_note-136">[131]</a> <a href="/wiki/Kapa_haka" title="Kapa haka">Kapa haka</a> is a Māori performance art<a href="#cite_note-137">[132]</a> believed to have originated with the legendary figure <a href="/wiki/Tinirau" title="Tinirau">Tinirau</a>. It was performed for tourists following European contact, starting in the 1880s; this sometimes involved adaptations to make it more familiar to European audiences.<a href="#cite_note-:0-138">[133]</a> It was used in the First World War to raise money for the Maori Soldiers' Fund encouraged by <a href="/wiki/%C4%80pirana_Ngata" title="Āpirana Ngata">Āpirana Ngata</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:0-138">[133]</a> A haka is often performed in a <a href="/wiki/P%C5%8Dwhiri" title="Pōwhiri">pōwhiri</a> (welcoming ceremony).<a href="#cite_note-Keane-139">[134]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Young_Maori_woman_dancer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Young_Maori_woman_dancer.jpg/170px-Young_Maori_woman_dancer.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Young_Maori_woman_dancer.jpg/255px-Young_Maori_woman_dancer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Young_Maori_woman_dancer.jpg/340px-Young_Maori_woman_dancer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption>Young <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_culture" title="Māori culture">Māori</a> woman performing <a href="/wiki/Kapa_haka" title="Kapa haka">kapa haka</a> in Rotorua</figcaption></figure> Since 1972, there has been a regular national kapa haka competition, the <a href="/wiki/Te_Matatini" title="Te Matatini">Te Matatini</a> National Festival, organised by the Aotearoa Traditional Māori Performing Arts Society. There are kapa haka groups in schools, tertiary institutions, and workplaces, and it is performed at tourist venues across the country.<a href="#cite_note-Diamond-140">[135]</a><a href="#cite_note-Swarbrick-141">[136]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Whare_tapere&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Whare tapere (page does not exist)">Whare tapere</a> (entertainment houses) were a site of story-telling, dance, and puppetry in pre-European Māori culture.<a href="#cite_note-142">[137]</a><a href="#cite_note-143">[138]</a> Māori theatre and contemporary dance flourished in the 1970s and 1980s with groups such as <a href="/wiki/Te_Ohu_Whakaari" title="Te Ohu Whakaari">Te Ohu Whakaari</a>, Te Ika a Maui Players and <a href="/wiki/Taki_Rua" title="Taki Rua">Taki Rua</a>. Contemporary Māori stage writers, actors and directors include <a href="/wiki/George_Henare" title="George Henare">George Henare</a>, <a href="/wiki/Riwia_Brown" title="Riwia Brown">Riwia Brown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hone_Kouka" title="Hone Kouka">Hone Kouka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nancy_Brunning" title="Nancy Brunning">Nancy Brunning</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jim_Moriarty" title="Jim Moriarty">Jim Moriarty</a>, <a href="/wiki/Briar_Grace-Smith" title="Briar Grace-Smith">Briar Grace-Smith</a>, and many others.<a href="#cite_note-144">[139]</a> Contemporary performing arts include theatre companies Taki Rua,<a href="#cite_note-145">[140]</a> Tawata Productions who run an annual playwriting festival for indigenous writers called Breaking Ground,<a href="#cite_note-146">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-147">[142]</a> and dance companies, <a href="/wiki/Atamira_dance_company" class="mw-redirect" title="Atamira dance company">Atamira Dance Company</a> and Okareka Dance Company.<a href="#cite_note-148">[143]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland">Auckland</a> there is Te Pou, a kaupapa Māori performing arts venue that develops and partners with Māori theatre makers.<a href="#cite_note-149">[144]</a> Traditional Māori instruments are <a href="/wiki/Taonga_p%C5%ABoro" title="Taonga pūoro">taonga pūoro</a>. They fulfilled various roles including storytelling, religious traditions and also daily functions such as the beginning of a new day.<a href="#cite_note-150">[145]</a> Taonga pūoro fall into two areas, melodic instruments such as the flute and rhythmic instruments such as <a href="/wiki/Poi_(performance_art)" title="Poi (performance art)">poi</a> "balls of dried flax on string that are swung and tapped".<a href="#cite_note-151">[146]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literature_and_media">Literature and media</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C4%81ori_people&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Literature and media">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_art#Prehistoric_art" title="New Zealand art">New Zealand art § Prehistoric art</a>, and <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_art#Traditional_Māori_art" title="New Zealand art">New Zealand art § Traditional Māori art</a></div> Like other cultures, oral folklore was used by Māori to preserve their stories and beliefs through many centuries. In the 19th century, European-style literacy was brought to the Māori, which led to Māori history documentation in books, novels and later television. Māori language use began to decline in the 20th century with English as the language through which Māori literature became widespread. Notable Māori novelists include <a href="/wiki/Patricia_Grace" title="Patricia Grace">Patricia Grace</a>, <a href="/wiki/Witi_Ihimaera" title="Witi Ihimaera">Witi Ihimaera</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alan_Duff" title="Alan Duff">Alan Duff</a>. <a href="/wiki/Once_Were_Warriors_(film)" title="Once Were Warriors (film)">Once Were Warriors</a>, a 1994 film adapted from a 1990 <a href="/wiki/Once_Were_Warriors" title="Once Were Warriors">novel of the same name</a> by Alan Duff, brought the plight of some urban Māori to a wide audience. It was the highest-grossing film in New Zealand until 2006,<a href="#cite_note-152">[147]</a><a href="#cite_note-153">[148]</a> and received international acclaim, winning several international film prizes.<a href="#cite_note-154">[149]</a> While some Māori feared that viewers would consider the violent male characters an accurate portrayal of Māori men, most critics praised it as exposing the raw side of <a href="/wiki/Domestic_violence" title="Domestic violence">domestic violence</a>.<a href="#cite_note-155">[150]</a> Other major films with Māori themes or subjects include <a href="/wiki/Utu_(film)" title="Utu (film)">Utu</a> (1983), <a href="/wiki/The_Piano" title="The Piano">The Piano</a> (1993), <a href="/wiki/Whale_Rider" title="Whale Rider">Whale Rider</a> (2002), <a href="/wiki/River_Queen" title="River Queen">River Queen</a> (2005), <a href="/wiki/Boy_(2010_film)" title="Boy (2010 film)">Boy</a> (2010), <a href="/wiki/Hunt_for_the_Wilderpeople" title="Hunt for the Wilderpeople">Hunt for the Wilderpeople</a> (2016) and <a href="/wiki/Muru_(film)" title="Muru (film)">Muru</a> (2022). <a href="/wiki/The_Maori_Merchant_of_Venice" title="The Maori Merchant of Venice">The Maori Merchant of Venice</a> (2002) was notable as a complete Māori language translation and performance of Shakespeare's <a href="/wiki/The_Merchant_of_Venice" title="The Merchant of Venice">The Merchant of Venice</a>. Prominent Māori actors include <a href="/wiki/Temuera_Morrison" title="Temuera Morrison">Temuera Morrison</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cliff_Curtis" title="Cliff Curtis">Cliff Curtis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jemaine_Clement" title="Jemaine Clement">Jemaine Clement</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Makoare" title="Lawrence Makoare">Lawrence Makoare</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manu_Bennett" title="Manu Bennett">Manu Bennett</a>, <a href="/wiki/Keisha_Castle-Hughes" title="Keisha Castle-Hughes">Keisha Castle-Hughes</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Rolleston" title="James Rolleston">James Rollenston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rena_Owen" title="Rena Owen">Rena Owen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Julian_Dennison" title="Julian Dennison">Julian Dennison</a>. In most cases their roles in <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_(film_industry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hollywood (film industry)">Hollywood</a> productions have them portraying ethnic groups other than Māori. In the 2010s Māori actor-director <a href="/wiki/Taika_Waititi" title="Taika Waititi">Taika Waititi</a> rose to global fame directing the <a href="/wiki/Marvel_Cinematic_Universe" title="Marvel Cinematic Universe">Marvel Cinematic Universe</a> film <a href="/wiki/Thor:_Ragnarok" title="Thor: Ragnarok">Thor: Ragnarok</a> (2017),<a href="#cite_note-156">[151]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award">Academy Award</a>-winning <a href="/wiki/Jojo_Rabbit" title="Jojo Rabbit">Jojo Rabbit</a> (2019),<a href="#cite_note-157">[152]</a> in which he played <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a> in a supporting role. Waititi's previous films <a href="/wiki/Boy_(2010_film)" title="Boy (2010 film)">Boy</a><a href="#cite_note-screen-158">[153]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hunt_for_the_Wilderpeople" title="Hunt for the Wilderpeople">Hunt for the Wilderpeople</a>,<a href="#cite_note-159">[154]</a> both feature young Māori protagonists. <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Witi_Ihimaera_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Witi Ihimaera"><img alt="Witi Ihimaera" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Witi_Ihimaera_%28cropped%29.jpg/90px-Witi_Ihimaera_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Witi_Ihimaera_%28cropped%29.jpg/135px-Witi_Ihimaera_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Witi_Ihimaera_%28cropped%29.jpg/180px-Witi_Ihimaera_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1137" data-file-height="1511" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Witi_Ihimaera" title="Witi Ihimaera">Witi Ihimaera</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Taika_Waititi_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Taika Waititi"><img alt="Taika Waititi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Taika_Waititi_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg/77px-Taika_Waititi_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg" decoding="async" width="77" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Taika_Waititi_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg/115px-Taika_Waititi_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Taika_Waititi_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg/153px-Taika_Waititi_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1480" data-file-height="2312" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Taika_Waititi" title="Taika Waititi">Taika Waititi</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Temuera_Morrison_2016.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Temuera Morrison"><img alt="Temuera Morrison" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Temuera_Morrison_2016.jpg/89px-Temuera_Morrison_2016.jpg" decoding="async" width="89" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Temuera_Morrison_2016.jpg/134px-Temuera_Morrison_2016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Temuera_Morrison_2016.jpg/179px-Temuera_Morrison_2016.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1334" data-file-height="1788" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Temuera_Morrison" title="Temuera Morrison">Temuera Morrison</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Manu_Bennett_July_2014.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Manu Bennett"><img alt="Manu Bennett" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Manu_Bennett_July_2014.jpg/83px-Manu_Bennett_July_2014.jpg" decoding="async" width="83" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Manu_Bennett_July_2014.jpg/125px-Manu_Bennett_July_2014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Manu_Bennett_July_2014.jpg/166px-Manu_Bennett_July_2014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="760" data-file-height="1097" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Manu_Bennett" title="Manu Bennett">Manu Bennett</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Maori_women_at_BBQ.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Keisha Castle-Hughes"><img alt="Keisha Castle-Hughes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Maori_women_at_BBQ.jpg/83px-Maori_women_at_BBQ.jpg" decoding="async" width="83" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Maori_women_at_BBQ.jpg/124px-Maori_women_at_BBQ.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Maori_women_at_BBQ.jpg/166px-Maori_women_at_BBQ.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2260" data-file-height="3264" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Keisha_Castle-Hughes" title="Keisha Castle-Hughes">Keisha Castle-Hughes</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sport">Sport</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C4%81ori_people&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Sport">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_New_Zealand_M%C4%81ori_sportspeople" title="List of New Zealand Māori sportspeople">List of New Zealand Māori sportspeople</a></div> Māori participate fully in <a href="/wiki/Sport_in_New_Zealand" title="Sport in New Zealand">New Zealand's sporting culture</a>, and are well-represented in rugby union, rugby league and netball teams at all levels. As well as participation in national sports teams, there are Māori <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_All_Blacks" title="Māori All Blacks">rugby union</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_M%C4%81ori_rugby_league_team" title="New Zealand Māori rugby league team">rugby league</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_M%C4%81ori_cricket_team" title="New Zealand Māori cricket team">cricket</a> representative teams that play in international competitions. At the <a href="/wiki/2016_Summer_Olympics" title="2016 Summer Olympics">2016 Summer Olympics</a> in Rio de Janeiro, 41 of the 199 competitors (20.5 per cent) were of Māori descent in the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_at_the_2016_Summer_Olympics" title="New Zealand at the 2016 Summer Olympics">New Zealand delegation</a>, with the rugby sevens squads alone having 17 Māori competitors (out of 24). There were also three competitors of Māori descent in the <a href="/wiki/Australia_at_the_2016_Summer_Olympics" title="Australia at the 2016 Summer Olympics">Australian delegation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-160">[155]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Haka_2006.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Rugby team wearing all black, facing the camera, knees bent, and facing toward a team wearing white" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Haka_2006.jpg/220px-Haka_2006.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Haka_2006.jpg/330px-Haka_2006.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Haka_2006.jpg/440px-Haka_2006.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Haka_(sports)" class="mw-redirect" title="Haka (sports)">haka</a> performed by the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_national_rugby_union_team" title="New Zealand national rugby union team">national rugby union team</a> before a game</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Maori_team_2008_RLWC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Maori_team_2008_RLWC.jpg/220px-Maori_team_2008_RLWC.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Maori_team_2008_RLWC.jpg/330px-Maori_team_2008_RLWC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Maori_team_2008_RLWC.jpg/440px-Maori_team_2008_RLWC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2604" data-file-height="1644" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_M%C4%81ori_rugby_league_team" title="New Zealand Māori rugby league team">New Zealand Māori rugby league team</a> vs <a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_dreamtime_team" class="mw-redirect" title="Aboriginal dreamtime team">Aboriginal Dreamtime</a> match at 2008 Rugby League world cup</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_national_rugby_union_team" title="New Zealand national rugby union team">New Zealand national rugby union team</a> and many other <a href="/wiki/Haka_in_sports" title="Haka in sports">New Zealand sports people perform a</a> <a href="/wiki/Haka_in_sports" title="Haka in sports">haka</a>, a traditional Māori challenge, before events.<a href="#cite_note-161">[156]</a><a href="#cite_note-162">[157]</a> <a href="/wiki/K%C4%AB-o-rahi" title="Kī-o-rahi">Kī-o-rahi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tapawai" class="mw-redirect" title="Tapawai">Tapawai</a> are two <a href="/wiki/Ball_game" class="mw-redirect" title="Ball game">ball sports</a> of Māori origin. Kī-o-rahi received an unexpected boost when <a href="/wiki/McDonald%27s" title="McDonald's">McDonald's</a> chose it to represent New Zealand.<a href="#cite_note-163">[158]</a> <a href="/wiki/Waka_ama" class="mw-redirect" title="Waka ama">Waka ama</a> (outrigger canoeing) has also experienced a resurgence of interest in New Zealand since the 1980s.<a href="#cite_note-164">[159]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Language">Language</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C4%81ori_people&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Language">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_language" title="Māori language">Māori language</a> and <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_language_revival" title="Māori language revival">Māori language revival</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TeReoMaori2013.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Map of New Zealand showing the percentage of people in each census area unit who speak Māori. Areas of the North Island exhibit the highest Māori proficiency." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/TeReoMaori2013.png/220px-TeReoMaori2013.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/TeReoMaori2013.png/330px-TeReoMaori2013.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/TeReoMaori2013.png/440px-TeReoMaori2013.png 2x" data-file-width="5000" data-file-height="3759" /></a><figcaption>Speakers of Māori according to the 2013 census<a href="#cite_note-165">[160]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend">  Less than 5%</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  More than 5%</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  More than 10%</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  More than 20%</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  More than 30%</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  More than 40%</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  More than 50%</div></figcaption></figure> The Māori language, also known as te reo Māori (pronounced [ˈmaːoɾi, te ˈɾeo ˈmaːoɾi]) or simply Te Reo ("the language"), has the status of an official language. Linguists classify it within the Eastern Polynesian languages as being closely related to <a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands_M%C4%81ori" title="Cook Islands Māori">Cook Islands Māori</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tuamotuan_language" title="Tuamotuan language">Tuamotuan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tahitian_language" title="Tahitian language">Tahitian</a>. Before European contact Māori did not have a written language and "important information such as whakapapa was memorised and passed down verbally through the generations".<a href="#cite_note-166">[161]</a> Māori were familiar with the concept of maps and when interacting with missionaries in 1815 could draw accurate maps of their <a href="/wiki/Rohe" title="Rohe">rohe</a> (iwi boundaries), onto paper, that were the equal of European maps. Missionaries surmised that Māori had traditionally drawn maps on sand or other natural materials.<a href="#cite_note-167">[162]</a> From about 1890, Māori <a href="/wiki/Members_of_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Members of Parliament">members of Parliament</a> realised the importance of English literacy to Māori and insisted that all Māori children be taught in English.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Missionaries, who still ran many Māori schools, had been teaching exclusively in Māori but the Māori MPs insisted this should stop. However attendance at school for many Māori was intermittent. In many areas of New Zealand, Māori lost its role as a living community language used by significant numbers of people in the <a href="/wiki/Post-war" title="Post-war">post-war</a> years. In tandem with calls for sovereignty and for the righting of social injustices from the 1970s onwards, New Zealand schools now teach Māori culture and language as an option, and pre-school <a href="/wiki/Language_nest" title="Language nest">kohanga reo</a> ("language-nests") have started, which teach <a href="/wiki/Tamariki" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamariki">tamariki</a> (young children) exclusively in Māori. These now<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=M%C4%81ori_people&action=edit">[update]</a> extend right through secondary schools (kura tuarua). Most preschool centres teach basics such as colours, numerals and greetings in Māori songs and chants.<a href="#cite_note-168">[163]</a> <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_Television" class="mw-redirect" title="Māori Television">Māori Television</a>, a government-funded channel committed to broadcasting primarily in Te Reo, began in March 2004.<a href="#cite_note-MāoriTVlaunch-96">[92]</a> The 1996 census reported 160,000 Māori speakers.<a href="#cite_note-quickstats-169">[164]</a> At the time of the 2013 census 125,352 Māori (21.3 per cent) reported a conversational level of <a href="/wiki/Language_proficiency" title="Language proficiency">proficiency</a>.<a href="#cite_note-170">[165]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Social_organisation">Social organisation</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C4%81ori_people&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Social organisation">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historical_development">Historical development</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C4%81ori_people&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Historical development">edit</a>]</div> Polynesian settlers in New Zealand developed a distinct society over several hundred years. Social groups were tribal, with no unified society or single Māori identity until after the arrival of Europeans. Nevertheless, common elements could be found in all Māori groups in pre-European New Zealand, including a shared Polynesian heritage, a common basic language, familial associations, traditions of warfare, and similar mythologies and religious beliefs.<a href="#cite_note-171">[166]</a> Most Māori lived in villages, which were inhabited by several <a href="/wiki/Wh%C4%81nau" title="Whānau">whānau</a> (extended families) who collectively formed a <a href="/wiki/Hap%C5%AB" title="Hapū">hapū</a> (clan or subtribe). Members of a hapū cooperated with food production, gathering resources, raising families and defence. Māori society across New Zealand was broadly stratified into three classes of people: <a href="/wiki/Rangatira" title="Rangatira">rangatira</a>, chiefs and ruling families; tūtūā, commoners; and mōkai, slaves. <a href="/wiki/Tohunga" title="Tohunga">Tohunga</a> also held special standing in their communities as specialists of revered arts, skills and esoteric knowledge.<a href="#cite_note-King-p42p43-172">[167]</a><a href="#cite_note-TeAra-Taonui-173">[168]</a> Shared ancestry, intermarriage and trade strengthened relationships between different groups. Many hapū with mutually recognised shared ancestry formed <a href="/wiki/Iwi" title="Iwi">iwi</a>, or tribes, which were the largest social unit in Māori society. Hapū and iwi often united for expeditions to gather food and resources, or in times of conflict. In contrast, warfare developed as an integral part of traditional life, as different groups competed for food and resources, settled personal disputes, and sought to increase their prestige and authority.<a href="#cite_note-King-p42p43-172">[167]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Famille_Maori_1998-1361-139.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Māori whānau from Rotorua in the 1880s" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Famille_Maori_1998-1361-139.jpg/250px-Famille_Maori_1998-1361-139.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Famille_Maori_1998-1361-139.jpg/375px-Famille_Maori_1998-1361-139.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Famille_Maori_1998-1361-139.jpg/500px-Famille_Maori_1998-1361-139.jpg 2x" data-file-width="657" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption>Māori whānau from <a href="/wiki/Rotorua" title="Rotorua">Rotorua</a> in the 1880s</figcaption></figure> Early European settlers introduced tools, weapons, clothing and foods to Māori across New Zealand, in exchange for resources, land and labour. Māori began selectively adopting elements of Western society during the 19th century, including European clothing and food, and later Western education, religion and architecture.<a href="#cite_note-174">[169]</a> However, as the 19th century wore on, relations between European colonial settlers and different Māori groups became increasingly strained. Tensions led to widespread conflict in the 1860s, and the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_land_confiscations" title="New Zealand land confiscations">confiscation of millions of acres of Māori land</a>. Significant amounts of land were also purchased by the colonial government and later through the <a href="/wiki/Native_Land_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="Native Land Court">Native Land Court</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="20th_century_to_present">20th century to present</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C4%81ori_people&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: 20th century to present">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_M%C4%81ori,_Past_and_Present_-_Sydney_Mail_(1903).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/The_M%C4%81ori%2C_Past_and_Present_-_Sydney_Mail_%281903%29.jpg/220px-The_M%C4%81ori%2C_Past_and_Present_-_Sydney_Mail_%281903%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="346" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/The_M%C4%81ori%2C_Past_and_Present_-_Sydney_Mail_%281903%29.jpg/330px-The_M%C4%81ori%2C_Past_and_Present_-_Sydney_Mail_%281903%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/The_M%C4%81ori%2C_Past_and_Present_-_Sydney_Mail_%281903%29.jpg/440px-The_M%C4%81ori%2C_Past_and_Present_-_Sydney_Mail_%281903%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2310" data-file-height="3636" /></a><figcaption>"The Māori: Past and Present", article from <a href="/wiki/The_Sydney_Mail" title="The Sydney Mail">The Sydney Mail</a>, 1903</figcaption></figure> By the start of the 20th century, a greater awareness had emerged of a unified Māori identity, particularly in comparison to Pākehā, who now overwhelmingly outnumbered the Māori as a whole. Māori and Pākehā societies remained largely separate—socially, culturally, economically and geographically—for much of the 19th and early 20th centuries.<a href="#cite_note-175">[170]</a> The key reason for this was that Māori remained almost exclusively a rural population, whereas increasingly the European population was urban especially after 1900. Nevertheless, Māori groups continued to engage with the government and in legal processes to increase their standing in (and ultimately further their incorporation into) wider New Zealand society.<a href="#cite_note-176">[171]</a> The main point of contact with the government were the four Māori Members of Parliament. Many Māori <a href="/wiki/Urbanisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Urbanisation">migrated to larger rural towns and cities</a> during the Depression and post-WWII periods in search of employment, leaving rural communities depleted and disconnecting many <a href="/wiki/Urban_M%C4%81ori" title="Urban Māori">urban Māori</a> from their traditional social controls and tribal homelands. Yet while <a href="/wiki/Standards_of_living" class="mw-redirect" title="Standards of living">standards of living</a> improved among Māori, they continued to lag behind Pākehā in areas such as health, income, skilled employment and access to higher levels of education. Māori leaders and government policymakers alike struggled to deal with <a href="/wiki/Social_issues" class="mw-redirect" title="Social issues">social issues</a> stemming from increased urban migration, including a shortage of housing and jobs, and a rise in urban crime, poverty and health problems.<a href="#cite_note-Sorrenson_1997,_pp_339–41-177">[172]</a> In regards to housing, a 1961 census revealed significant differences in the living conditions of Māori and Europeans. That year, out of all the (unshared) non-Māori private dwellings in New Zealand, 96.8 per cent had a bath or shower, 94.1 per cent a hot water service, 88.7 per cent a flush toilet, 81.6 per cent a refrigerator, and 78.6 per cent an electric washing machine. By contrast, for all (unshared) Māori private dwellings that same year, 76.8 per cent had a bath or shower, 68.9 per cent a hot water service, 55.8 per cent a refrigerator, 54.1 per cent a flush toilet, and 47 per cent an electric washing machine.<a href="#cite_note-178">[173]</a> While the arrival of Europeans had a profound impact on the Māori way of life, many aspects of traditional society have survived into the 21st century. Māori participate fully in all spheres of New Zealand culture and society, leading largely Western lifestyles while also maintaining their own cultural and social customs. The traditional social strata of rangatira, tūtūā and mōkai have all but disappeared from Māori society, while the roles of tohunga and <a href="/wiki/Kaum%C4%81tua" title="Kaumātua">kaumātua</a> are still present. Traditional kinship ties are also actively maintained, and the whānau in particular remains an integral part of Māori life.<a href="#cite_note-179">[174]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marae,_hapū_and_iwi">Marae, hapū and iwi</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C4%81ori_people&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Marae, hapū and iwi">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Whenuakura_Marae,_Taranaki,_New_Zealand.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Whenuakura Marae in Taranaki" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Whenuakura_Marae%2C_Taranaki%2C_New_Zealand.jpg/220px-Whenuakura_Marae%2C_Taranaki%2C_New_Zealand.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Whenuakura_Marae%2C_Taranaki%2C_New_Zealand.jpg/330px-Whenuakura_Marae%2C_Taranaki%2C_New_Zealand.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Whenuakura_Marae%2C_Taranaki%2C_New_Zealand.jpg/440px-Whenuakura_Marae%2C_Taranaki%2C_New_Zealand.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2800" data-file-height="2138" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Whenuakura" title="Whenuakura">Whenuakura</a> Marae in Taranaki</figcaption></figure> Māori society at a local level is particularly visible at the <a href="/wiki/Marae" title="Marae">marae</a>. Formerly the central meeting spaces in traditional villages, marae today usually comprise a group of buildings around an open space, that frequently host events such as weddings, funerals, church services and other large gatherings, with traditional protocol and etiquette usually observed. They also serve as the base of one or sometimes several hapū.<a href="#cite_note-180">[175]</a> Most Māori affiliate with one or more iwi (and hapū), based on genealogical descent (<a href="/wiki/Whakapapa" title="Whakapapa">whakapapa</a>). Iwi vary in size, from a few hundred members to over 100,000 in the case of Ngāpuhi. Many people do not live in their traditional tribal regions as a result of urban migration (see <a href="/wiki/Urban_M%C4%81ori" title="Urban Māori">Urban Māori</a>). Iwi are usually governed by <a href="/wiki/R%C5%ABnanga" title="Rūnanga">rūnanga</a> (tribal councils or assemblies) which represent the iwi in consultations and negotiations with the New Zealand government.<a href="#cite_note-181">[176]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Race_relations">Race relations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C4%81ori_people&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Race relations">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Hori_(slur)" title="Hori (slur)">Hori (slur)</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Zealanders#Race_and_ethnic_relations" title="New Zealanders">New Zealanders § Race and ethnic relations</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hikoi_011.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Protest hikoi during the Foreshore and Seabed controversy in 2004" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Hikoi_011.jpg/140px-Hikoi_011.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Hikoi_011.jpg/210px-Hikoi_011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Hikoi_011.jpg/280px-Hikoi_011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="799" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Protest <a href="/wiki/H%C4%ABkoi" title="Hīkoi">hīkoi</a> during the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_foreshore_and_seabed_controversy" title="New Zealand foreshore and seabed controversy">foreshore and seabed controversy</a> in 2004</figcaption></figure> The status of Māori as the indigenous people of New Zealand is recognised in <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_law" class="mw-redirect" title="New Zealand law">New Zealand law</a> by the term <a href="/wiki/Tangata_whenua" title="Tangata whenua">tangata whenua</a> (<abbr title="literally">lit.</abbr> "people of the land"), which identifies the traditional connection between Māori and a given area of land. Māori as a whole can be considered as tangata whenua of New Zealand entirely (excepting the <a href="/wiki/Chatham_Islands" title="Chatham Islands">Chatham Islands</a>, where the tangata whenua are Moriori); individual iwi are recognised as tangata whenua for areas of New Zealand in which they are traditionally based (known in Māori as <a href="/wiki/Rohe" title="Rohe">rohe</a>), while hapū are tangata whenua within their marae. New Zealand law periodically requires consultation between the government and tangata whenua—for example, during major land development projects. This usually takes the form of negotiations between local or national government and the rūnanga of one or more relevant iwi, although the government generally decides which (if any) concerns are acted upon.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NZ_delegation_UN_Forum_on_Indigenous_Issues.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="New Zealand endorses Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous People, 2010" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/NZ_delegation_UN_Forum_on_Indigenous_Issues.jpg/230px-NZ_delegation_UN_Forum_on_Indigenous_Issues.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/NZ_delegation_UN_Forum_on_Indigenous_Issues.jpg/345px-NZ_delegation_UN_Forum_on_Indigenous_Issues.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/NZ_delegation_UN_Forum_on_Indigenous_Issues.jpg/460px-NZ_delegation_UN_Forum_on_Indigenous_Issues.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>New Zealand endorsed the United Nations <a href="/wiki/Declaration_on_the_Rights_of_Indigenous_Peoples" title="Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples">Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples</a> in April 2010.</figcaption></figure> Māori issues are a prominent feature of race relations in New Zealand. Historically, many Pākehā viewed race relations in their country as being the "best in the world", a view that prevailed until Māori urban migration in the mid-20th century brought cultural and socioeconomic differences to wider attention.<a href="#cite_note-182">[177]</a> Māori protest movements grew significantly in the 1960s and 1970s seeking redress for past grievances, particularly in regard to land rights. Successive governments have responded by enacting <a href="/wiki/Affirmative_action" title="Affirmative action">affirmative action</a> programmes, funding cultural rejuvenation initiatives and negotiating tribal settlements for past breaches of the Treaty of Waitangi.<a href="#cite_note-183">[178]</a> Further efforts have focused on reducing <a href="/wiki/Economic_inequality" title="Economic inequality">socioeconomic disparity</a>.<a href="#cite_note-184">[179]</a> A 2007 <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Corrections_(New_Zealand)" title="Department of Corrections (New Zealand)">Department of Corrections</a> report found that Māori are disproportionately represented in the criminal justice system: "a number of studies have shown evidence of greater likelihood, associated only with ethnicity, for Māori offenders to have police contact, be charged, lack legal representation, not be granted bail, plead guilty, be convicted, be sentenced to non-monetary penalties, and be denied release to Home Detention".<a href="#cite_note-185">[180]</a> Conversely, critics denounce the scale of assistance given to Māori as amounting to preferential treatment for a select group of people based on race.<a href="#cite_note-WaitangiDebateTVNZ-102">[98]</a> Both sentiments were highlighted during the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_foreshore_and_seabed_controversy" title="New Zealand foreshore and seabed controversy">foreshore and seabed controversy</a> in 2004, in which the New Zealand government claimed sole ownership of the New Zealand foreshore and seabed, over the objections of Māori groups who were seeking customary title.<a href="#cite_note-186">[181]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Socioeconomic_issues">Socioeconomic issues</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C4%81ori_people&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Socioeconomic issues">edit</a>]</div> Māori on average have fewer assets than the rest of the population, and run greater risks of many negative economic and social outcomes. Over 50 per cent of Māori live in areas in the three highest deprivation deciles, compared with 24 per cent of the rest of the population.<a href="#cite_note-187">[182]</a> Although Māori make up 16.5 per cent of the population,<a href="#cite_note-188">[183]</a> they make up 53.0 per cent of the prison population.<a href="#cite_note-189">[184]</a> Māori have higher unemployment rates than other ethnic groups in New Zealand, which is believed to partially account for their over-representation in the criminal justice system; many young Māori, finding themselves unemployed, are picked up for alcohol-related behaviours or small crimes such as vandalism.<a href="#cite_note-190">[185]</a> <a href="/wiki/Underemployment" title="Underemployment">Underemployment</a> is in turn attributed to persistent <a href="/wiki/Institutional_racism" title="Institutional racism">institutional racism</a> in New Zealand.<a href="#cite_note-191">[186]</a><a href="#cite_note-192">[187]</a> "Only 47 per cent of Māori school-leavers finish school with qualifications higher than <a href="/wiki/National_Certificate_of_Educational_Achievement" title="National Certificate of Educational Achievement">NCEA</a> Level One; compared to 74 per cent European; 87 per cent Asian."<a href="#cite_note-193">[188]</a> Although New Zealand rates very well globally in the PISA rankings that compare national performance in reading, science and maths, "once you disaggregate the PISA scores, Pakeha students are second in the world and Māori are 34th."<a href="#cite_note-194">[189]</a> At the 2018 New Zealand census, 25.3% of Māori aged 15 and over had no formal qualifications, compared to 17.1% for non-Māori New Zealanders, and only 12.5% of Māori have a bachelor's degree or higher, compared to 26.8% of non-Māori.<a href="#cite_note-195">[190]</a> Also, a 2008 study by the New Zealand Family Violence Clearinghouse showed that Māori women and children are more likely to experience domestic violence than any other ethnic group.<a href="#cite_note-196">[191]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Health">Health</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C4%81ori_people&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Health">edit</a>]</div> In 2017–2019, life expectancy for Māori in New Zealand was 73.4 years for males and 77.1 years for females, compared to 80.9 years for non-Māori males and 84.4 years for non-Māori females, a difference of 7.5 and 7.3 years respectively.<a href="#cite_note-197">[192]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-198">[193]</a> However, Māori have a wide range of life expectancies across regions: Māori living in the <a href="/wiki/Marlborough_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Marlborough Region">Marlborough region</a> have the highest life expectancy at 79.9 years for males and 83.4 years for females, while Māori living in the <a href="/wiki/Gisborne_District" title="Gisborne District">Gisborne region</a> have the lowest life expectancy at 71.2 years for males and 75.2 years for females.<a href="#cite_note-:1-198">[193]</a> Māori suffer more health problems, including higher levels of alcohol and drug abuse, smoking and obesity. Less frequent use of healthcare services mean that late diagnosis and treatment intervention lead to higher levels of morbidity and mortality in many manageable conditions.<a href="#cite_note-199">[194]</a><a href="#cite_note-200">[195]</a><a href="#cite_note-201">[196]</a> Compared with non-Māori, Māori people experience higher rates of <a href="/wiki/Cardiovascular_disease" title="Cardiovascular disease">heart disease</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stroke" title="Stroke">strokes</a>, most <a href="/wiki/Cancer" title="Cancer">cancers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Respiratory_disease" title="Respiratory disease">respiratory diseases</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rheumatic_fever" title="Rheumatic fever">rheumatic fever</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suicide" title="Suicide">suicide</a> and <a href="/wiki/Self-harm" title="Self-harm">self-harm</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Infant_mortality" title="Infant mortality">infant deaths</a>.<a href="#cite_note-202">[197]</a> In April 2021, <a href="/wiki/Sixth_Labour_Government_of_New_Zealand" title="Sixth Labour Government of New Zealand">the government</a> announced the creation of the first dedicated Māori Health Authority "with the power to directly commission health services for Māori and to partner with Health NZ in other aspects of the health system".<a href="#cite_note-203">[198]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Commerce">Commerce</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C4%81ori_people&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Commerce">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Cultural_appropriation" title="Cultural appropriation">Cultural appropriation</a></div> Wider commercial exposure has increased public awareness of the Māori culture, but has also resulted in several legal disputes. Between 1998 and 2006, <a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Toa" title="Ngāti Toa">Ngāti Toa</a> attempted to trademark the haka "<a href="/wiki/Ka_Mate" title="Ka Mate">Ka Mate</a>" to prevent its use by commercial organisations without their permission.<a href="#cite_note-204">[199]</a> In 2001, Danish toymaker Lego <a href="/wiki/Bionicle#Māori_language_controversy" title="Bionicle">faced legal action</a> by several Māori tribal groups opposed to them trademarking Māori words used in the Bionicle product range.<a href="#cite_note-205">[200]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_representation">Political representation</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C4%81ori_people&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Political representation">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_politics" title="Māori politics">Māori politics</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Papawai1897.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="The Māori Parliament at Pāpāwai, Greytown in 1897" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Papawai1897.jpg/250px-Papawai1897.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Papawai1897.jpg/375px-Papawai1897.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Papawai1897.jpg/500px-Papawai1897.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="485" /></a><figcaption>The opening of the Māori Parliament at Pāpāwai, <a href="/wiki/Greytown,_New_Zealand" title="Greytown, New Zealand">Greytown</a> in 1897, with <a href="/wiki/Richard_Seddon" title="Richard Seddon">Richard Seddon</a> in attendance</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tino_Rangatiratanga_Maori_sovereignty_movement_flag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Tino_Rangatiratanga_Maori_sovereignty_movement_flag.svg/220px-Tino_Rangatiratanga_Maori_sovereignty_movement_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Tino_Rangatiratanga_Maori_sovereignty_movement_flag.svg/330px-Tino_Rangatiratanga_Maori_sovereignty_movement_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Tino_Rangatiratanga_Maori_sovereignty_movement_flag.svg/440px-Tino_Rangatiratanga_Maori_sovereignty_movement_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/National_M%C4%81ori_flag" title="National Māori flag">national Māori flag</a>, also known as the <a href="/wiki/Tino_rangatiratanga" title="Tino rangatiratanga">Tino rangatiratanga</a> (absolute sovereignty) flag. Designed in 1989,<a href="#cite_note-206">[201]</a> it is widely used by Māori groups.</figcaption></figure> Māori have been represented to <a href="/wiki/The_Crown" title="The Crown">the Crown</a> in New Zealand politics since the <a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_the_Independence_of_New_Zealand" title="Declaration of the Independence of New Zealand">Declaration of the Independence of New Zealand</a>, before the Treaty of Waitangi was signed in 1840. Being a traditionally tribal people, no one organisation ostensibly speaks for all Māori nationwide. The <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_King_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Māori King Movement">Māori King Movement</a> (Kīngitanga) originated in the 1860s as an attempt by several iwi to unify under one leader; in modern times, it serves a largely ceremonial role. Another attempt at political unity was the Kotahitanga Movement, which established a separate Māori Parliament that held annual sessions from 1892 until its last sitting in 1902.<a href="#cite_note-207">[202]</a> Māori have had <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_electorates" title="Māori electorates">reserved seats</a> in the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Parliament" title="New Zealand Parliament">New Zealand Parliament</a> since 1868.<a href="#cite_note-seats-208">[203]</a> Māori received <a href="/wiki/Universal_suffrage" title="Universal suffrage">universal suffrage</a> with other New Zealand citizens in 1893.<a href="#cite_note-209">[204]</a> Currently, Māori reserved electorates account for seven of the 120 seats in New Zealand's unicameral parliament, and consideration of and consultation with Māori have become routine requirements for councils and government organisations.<a href="#cite_note-seats-208">[203]</a> The contesting of these seats was the first opportunity for many Māori to participate in New Zealand elections, although the elected Māori representatives initially struggled to assert significant influence. <a href="/wiki/%C4%80pirana_Ngata" title="Āpirana Ngata">Sir Āpirana Ngata</a> has often been described as the foremost Māori politician to have served in Parliament in the mid-20th century.<a href="#cite_note-210">[205]</a> Debate occurs frequently as to the relevance and legitimacy of the separate <a href="/wiki/Electoral_roll" title="Electoral roll">electoral roll</a> and the reserved seats. The National Party announced in 2008 it would abolish the seats when all historic Treaty settlements have been resolved, which it aimed to complete by 2014.<a href="#cite_note-211">[206]</a> However, after the election National reached an agreement with the Māori Party not to abolish the seats until Māori give their approval.<a href="#cite_note-212">[207]</a> Several Māori political parties have formed over the years to improve the position of Māori in New Zealand society. The present <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Māori Party">Māori Party</a>, formed in 2004, secured 1.32 per cent of the <a href="/wiki/Party_vote" class="mw-redirect" title="Party vote">party vote</a> at the <a href="/wiki/2014_New_Zealand_general_election" title="2014 New Zealand general election">2014 general election</a> and held two seats in the <a href="/wiki/51st_New_Zealand_Parliament" title="51st New Zealand Parliament">51st New Zealand Parliament</a>, with two MPs serving as Ministers outside <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Cabinet" class="mw-redirect" title="New Zealand Cabinet">Cabinet</a>. The party did not achieve any representatives in the <a href="/wiki/52nd_New_Zealand_Parliament" title="52nd New Zealand Parliament">52nd New Zealand Parliament</a>,<a href="#cite_note-213">[208]</a> but regained two seats in the <a href="/wiki/53rd_New_Zealand_Parliament" title="53rd New Zealand Parliament">53rd</a>.<a href="#cite_note-214">[209]</a> As of the 2020 reelection of the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Labour_Party" title="New Zealand Labour Party">New Zealand Labour Party</a> to government, Labour Minister <a href="/wiki/Nanaia_Mahuta" title="Nanaia Mahuta">Nanaia Mahuta</a> is the first female Māori <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_(New_Zealand)" title="Minister of Foreign Affairs (New Zealand)">Foreign Minister of New Zealand</a>; she replaced <a href="/wiki/Winston_Peters" title="Winston Peters">Winston Peters</a>, also Māori, in the role. In 2016 she became the first Member of Parliament to have moko kauae (the traditional Māori female facial tattoo).<a href="#cite_note-215">[210]</a> In the 2020 election more MPs with moko kauae entered Parliament, including Māori Party co-leader <a href="/wiki/Debbie_Ngarewa-Packer" title="Debbie Ngarewa-Packer">Debbie Ngarewa-Packer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Aotearoa_New_Zealand" title="Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand">Green Party</a> MP <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Kerekere" title="Elizabeth Kerekere">Elizabeth Kerekere</a>. The <a href="/wiki/54th_New_Zealand_Parliament" title="54th New Zealand Parliament">54th Parliament</a> after the <a href="/wiki/2023_New_Zealand_general_election" title="2023 New Zealand general election">2023 New Zealand general election</a> has seen a historically high number of Māori MPs at 33. Māori are at 27% of the parliament while in the general population they are 17%.<a href="#cite_note-216">[211]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C4%81ori_people&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 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href="/wiki/List_of_planetary_features_with_M%C4%81ori_names" title="List of planetary features with Māori names">List of planetary features with Māori names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:New_Zealand_M%C4%81ori_people" title="Category:New Zealand Māori people">Category:New Zealand Māori people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_M%C4%81ori_organisations" title="List of Māori organisations">List of Māori organisations</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C4%81ori_people&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-roman"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> Also spelled Maori<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> or, uncommonly, Maaori.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> Māori has cognates in other <a href="/wiki/Polynesian_languages" title="Polynesian languages">Polynesian languages</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_language" title="Hawaiian language">Hawaiian</a> maoli, <a href="/wiki/Tahitian_language" title="Tahitian language">Tahitian</a> mā'ohi, and <a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands_M%C4%81ori" title="Cook Islands Māori">Cook Islands Māori</a> māori which all share similar meanings. </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> The orthographic conventions developed by the <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_Language_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Māori Language Commission">Māori Language Commission</a> (Te Taura Whiri i te Reo Māori) recommend the use of the <a href="/wiki/Macron_(diacritic)" title="Macron (diacritic)">macron</a> (ā ē ī ō ū) to denote long vowels. Contemporary English-language usage in New Zealand tends to avoid the <a href="/wiki/Anglicise" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglicise">anglicised</a> plural form of the word Māori with an "s": The Māori language generally marks plurals by changing the <a href="/wiki/Article_(grammar)" title="Article (grammar)">article</a> rather than the noun, for example: te waka (the canoe); ngā waka (the canoes). </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> In 2003, <a href="/wiki/Christian_Cullen" title="Christian Cullen">Christian Cullen</a> became a member of the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_M%C4%81ori_rugby_union_team" class="mw-redirect" title="New Zealand Māori rugby union team">Māori rugby team</a> despite having, according to his father, about 1/64 Māori ancestry.<a href="#cite_note-27">[24]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> Also spelled Kiingitanga. The preferred <a href="/wiki/Orthography" title="Orthography">orthography</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Waikato-Tainui" class="mw-redirect" title="Waikato-Tainui">Waikato-Tainui</a> <a href="/wiki/Iwi" title="Iwi">iwi</a> is to use doubled vowels rather than <a href="/wiki/Macron_(diacritic)#Vowel_length" title="Macron (diacritic)">macrons</a> to indicate long vowels.<a href="#cite_note-105">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-106">[102]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C4%81ori_people&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stats.govt.nz/2023-census/">"2023 Census national and subnational usually resident population counts and dwelling counts"</a> (Microsoft Excel). Stats NZ - Tatauranga Aotearoa. Table 3. Retrieved 29 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2023+Census+national+and+subnational+usually+resident+population+counts+and+dwelling+counts&rft.pages=Table+3&rft.pub=Stats+NZ+-+Tatauranga+Aotearoa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stats.govt.nz%2F2023-census%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM%C4%81ori+people" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/people/people-and-communities/cultural-diversity-census/latest-release">"Cultural diversity: Census"</a>. www.censusdata.abs.gov.au. 12 January 2022. Data table for Cultural diversity summary. 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Retrieved 7 December 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=M%C4%81ori+overseas&rft.btitle=Te+Ara%3A+The+Encyclopedia+of+New+Zealand&rft.date=2009-03-04&rft.aulast=Walrond&rft.aufirst=Carl&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.teara.govt.nz%2Fen%2Fmaori-overseas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM%C4%81ori+people" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-4"><a href="#cite_ref-auto_4-0">^</a> New Zealand-born figures from the 2000 U.S. Census; maximum figure represents sum of "Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander" and people of mixed race. United States Census Bureau (2003). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/population/cen2000/stp-159/stp159-new_zealand.pdf">"Census 2000 Foreign-Born Profiles (STP-159): Country of Birth: New Zealand"</a> (PDF).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Census+2000+Foreign-Born+Profiles+%28STP-159%29%3A+Country+of+Birth%3A+New+Zealand&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fpopulation%2Fcen2000%2Fstp-159%2Fstp159-new_zealand.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM%C4%81ori+people" class="Z3988"> (103 KB). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Census Bureau. </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGovernment_of_Canada2017" class="citation web cs1">Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (25 October 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/dt-td/Rp-eng.cfm?TABID=2&Lang=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=0&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=0&GC=0&GID=1341679&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=110528&PRID=10&PTYPE=109445&S=0&SHOWALL=0&SUB=0&Temporal=2017&THEME=120&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF=&D1=0&D2=0&D3=0&D4=0&D5=0&D6=0">"Ethnic Origin (279), Single and Multiple Ethnic Origin Responses (3), Generation Status (4), Age (12) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2016 Census – 25% Sample Data"</a>. www12.statcan.gc.ca.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www12.statcan.gc.ca&rft.atitle=Ethnic+Origin+%28279%29%2C+Single+and+Multiple+Ethnic+Origin+Responses+%283%29%2C+Generation+Status+%284%29%2C+Age+%2812%29+and+Sex+%283%29+for+the+Population+in+Private+Households+of+Canada%2C+Provinces+and+Territories%2C+Census+Metropolitan+Areas+and+Census+Agglomerations%2C+2016+Census+%E2%80%93+25%25+Sample+Data&rft.date=2017-10-25&rft.aulast=Government+of+Canada&rft.aufirst=Statistics+Canada&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww12.statcan.gc.ca%2Fcensus-recensement%2F2016%2Fdp-pd%2Fdt-td%2FRp-eng.cfm%3FTABID%3D2%26Lang%3DE%26APATH%3D3%26DETAIL%3D0%26DIM%3D0%26FL%3DA%26FREE%3D0%26GC%3D0%26GID%3D1341679%26GK%3D0%26GRP%3D1%26PID%3D110528%26PRID%3D10%26PTYPE%3D109445%26S%3D0%26SHOWALL%3D0%26SUB%3D0%26Temporal%3D2017%26THEME%3D120%26VID%3D0%26VNAMEE%3D%26VNAMEF%3D%26D1%3D0%26D2%3D0%26D3%3D0%26D4%3D0%26D5%3D0%26D6%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM%C4%81ori+people" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Maori">"Maori – Definition & Meaning"</a>. Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 23 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Merriam-Webster&rft.atitle=Maori+%E2%80%93+Definition+%26+Meaning&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2FMaori&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM%C4%81ori+people" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dictionary.com/browse/maori">"Maori – Definition & Usage Examples"</a>. Dictionary.com. 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Retrieved 28 December 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Zealand+Herald&rft.atitle=National+to+dump+Maori+seats+in+2014&rft.date=2008-09-29&rft.aulast=Tahana&rft.aufirst=Yvonne&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzherald.co.nz%2Fnz-election-2008%2Fnews%2Farticle.cfm%3Fc_id%3D1501799%26objectid%3D10534713&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM%C4%81ori+people" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-212"><a href="#cite_ref-212">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.radionz.co.nz/news/national/11245/maori-party-drops-push-to-entrench-maori-seats">"Maori Party drops push to entrench Maori seats"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Radio_New_Zealand" title="Radio New Zealand">RNZ</a>. 17 November 2008. Retrieved 5 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Maori+Party+drops+push+to+entrench+Maori+seats&rft.pub=RNZ&rft.date=2008-11-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.radionz.co.nz%2Fnews%2Fnational%2F11245%2Fmaori-party-drops-push-to-entrench-maori-seats&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM%C4%81ori+people" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-213"><a href="#cite_ref-213">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdwards2017" class="citation news cs1">Edwards, Bryce (26 September 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=11926791">"Political Roundup: The emotional Maori Party demise"</a>. Retrieved 22 June 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Political+Roundup%3A+The+emotional+Maori+Party+demise&rft.date=2017-09-26&rft.aulast=Edwards&rft.aufirst=Bryce&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzherald.co.nz%2Fnz%2Fnews%2Farticle.cfm%3Fc_id%3D1%26objectid%3D11926791&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM%C4%81ori+people" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-214"><a href="#cite_ref-214">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.electionresults.govt.nz/">"New Zealand Election Results"</a>. ElectionResults.govt.nz/electionresults_2020/. Electoral Commission. Retrieved 27 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ElectionResults.govt.nz%2Felectionresults_2020%2F&rft.atitle=New+Zealand+Election+Results&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.electionresults.govt.nz%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM%C4%81ori+people" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-215"><a href="#cite_ref-215">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoy2016" class="citation news cs1">Roy, Eleanor Ainge (11 August 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/aug/11/first-woman-mp-maori-facial-tattoo-nz-parliament-moko-kauae">"'This is who I am', says first female MP to wear Māori facial tattoo in NZ parliament"</a>. The Guardian. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. Retrieved 8 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=%27This+is+who+I+am%27%2C+says+first+female+MP+to+wear+M%C4%81ori+facial+tattoo+in+NZ+parliament&rft.date=2016-08-11&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Roy&rft.aufirst=Eleanor+Ainge&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2016%2Faug%2F11%2Ffirst-woman-mp-maori-facial-tattoo-nz-parliament-moko-kauae&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM%C4%81ori+people" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-216"><a href="#cite_ref-216">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://i.stuff.co.nz/national/politics/301002369/whos-representing-you-record-for-mori-mps-but-fewer-women-in-parliament">"Who's representing you? Record for Māori MPs, but fewer women in Parliament"</a>. 7 November 2023. Retrieved 9 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Who%27s+representing+you%3F+Record+for+M%C4%81ori+MPs%2C+but+fewer+women+in+Parliament&rft.date=2023-11-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fi.stuff.co.nz%2Fnational%2Fpolitics%2F301002369%2Fwhos-representing-you-record-for-mori-mps-but-fewer-women-in-parliament&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM%C4%81ori+people" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C4%81ori_people&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Bibliography">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHill2009" class="citation book cs1">Hill, Richard S (2009). "Maori and State Policy". In Byrnes, Giselle (ed.). The New Oxford History of New Zealand. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-558471-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-558471-4"><bdi>978-0-19-558471-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Maori+and+State+Policy&rft.btitle=The+New+Oxford+History+of+New+Zealand&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-19-558471-4&rft.aulast=Hill&rft.aufirst=Richard+S&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM%C4%81ori+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHowe2003" class="citation book cs1">Howe, K. R. (2003). The quest for origins: who first discovered and settled the Pacific islands?. University of Hawaii Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-301857-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-301857-5"><bdi>978-0-14-301857-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+quest+for+origins%3A+who+first+discovered+and+settled+the+Pacific+islands%3F&rft.pub=University+of+Hawaii+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-14-301857-5&rft.aulast=Howe&rft.aufirst=K.+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM%C4%81ori+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Howe, Kerry (2006). "Ideas of Māori Origins". In Māori Peoples of New Zealand: Ngā Iwi o Aotearoa. Te Ara – The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Auckland: David Bateman.</li> <li>Irwin, Geoffrey (2006). "Pacific Migrations". In Māori Peoples of New Zealand: Ngā Iwi o Aotearoa. Te Ara – The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Auckland: David Bateman.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKing1996" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_King_(historian)" title="Michael King (historian)">King, Michael</a> (1996). Maori: A Photographic and Social History (2nd ed.). Auckland: Reed Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7900-0500-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7900-0500-3"><bdi>978-0-7900-0500-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Maori%3A+A+Photographic+and+Social+History&rft.place=Auckland&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Reed+Publishing&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-7900-0500-3&rft.aulast=King&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM%C4%81ori+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKing2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_King_(historian)" title="Michael King (historian)">King, Michael</a> (2003). The Penguin History of New Zealand. Penguin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-301867-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-301867-4"><bdi>978-0-14-301867-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Penguin+History+of+New+Zealand&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-14-301867-4&rft.aulast=King&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM%C4%81ori+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLashley2006" class="citation book cs1">Lashley, Marilyn E. (2006). "Remedying Racial and Ethnic Inequality in New Zealand: Reparative and Distributive Policies of Social Justice". In Myers, Samuel L.; Corrie, Bruce P. (eds.). Racial and ethnic economic inequality: an international perspective. Vol. 1996. New York: Peter Lang. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8204-5656-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8204-5656-0"><bdi>978-0-8204-5656-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Remedying+Racial+and+Ethnic+Inequality+in+New+Zealand%3A+Reparative+and+Distributive+Policies+of+Social+Justice&rft.btitle=Racial+and+ethnic+economic+inequality%3A+an+international+perspective&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Peter+Lang&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-8204-5656-0&rft.aulast=Lashley&rft.aufirst=Marilyn+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM%C4%81ori+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li>McIntosh, Tracey (2005), 'Maori Identities: Fixed, Fluid, Forced', in James H. Liu, Tim McCreanor, Tracey McIntosh and Teresia Teaiwa, eds, New Zealand Identities: Departures and Destinations, Wellington: <a href="/wiki/Victoria_University_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria University Press">Victoria University Press</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMead2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hirini_Moko_Mead" class="mw-redirect" title="Hirini Moko Mead">Mead, Hirini Moko</a> (2003). Tikanga Māori: living by Māori values. Wellington: Huia Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-877283-88-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-877283-88-8"><bdi>978-1-877283-88-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tikanga+M%C4%81ori%3A+living+by+M%C4%81ori+values&rft.place=Wellington&rft.pub=Huia+Publishers&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-877283-88-8&rft.aulast=Mead&rft.aufirst=Hirini+Moko&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM%C4%81ori+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOrange1989" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Claudia_Orange" title="Claudia Orange">Orange, Claudia</a> (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/storyoftreaty0000oran">The Story of a Treaty</a>. Wellington: Allen & Unwin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-04-641053-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-04-641053-7"><bdi>978-0-04-641053-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Story+of+a+Treaty&rft.place=Wellington&rft.pub=Allen+%26+Unwin&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-04-641053-7&rft.aulast=Orange&rft.aufirst=Claudia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fstoryoftreaty0000oran&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM%C4%81ori+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSorrenson1997" class="citation book cs1">Sorrenson, M. P. K (1997). "Modern Māori: The Young Maori Party to Mana Motuhake". In <a href="/wiki/Keith_Sinclair" title="Keith Sinclair">Sinclair, Keith</a> (ed.). The Oxford Illustrated History of New Zealand (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-558381-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-558381-6"><bdi>978-0-19-558381-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Modern+M%C4%81ori%3A+The+Young+Maori+Party+to+Mana+Motuhake&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Illustrated+History+of+New+Zealand&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-19-558381-6&rft.aulast=Sorrenson&rft.aufirst=M.+P.+K&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM%C4%81ori+people" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C4%81ori_people&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBallara1998" class="citation book cs1">Ballara, Angela (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mRRtrLWL250C">Iwi: the dynamics of Māori tribal organisation from c.1769 to c.1945</a>. Wellington [N.Z.]: <a href="/wiki/Victoria_University_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria University Press">Victoria University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-86473-328-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-86473-328-3"><bdi>978-0-86473-328-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Iwi%3A+the+dynamics+of+M%C4%81ori+tribal+organisation+from+c.1769+to+c.1945&rft.place=Wellington+%5BN.Z.%5D&rft.pub=Victoria+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-86473-328-3&rft.aulast=Ballara&rft.aufirst=Angela&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmRRtrLWL250C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM%C4%81ori+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBiggs1994" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Biggs" title="Bruce Biggs">Biggs, Bruce</a> (1994). "Does Maori have a Closest Relative?". In Sutton, Doug G. (ed.). The origins of the first New Zealanders. Auckland: <a href="/wiki/Auckland_University_Press" title="Auckland University Press">Auckland University Press</a>. pp. 96–105. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86940-098-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86940-098-9"><bdi>978-1-86940-098-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Does+Maori+have+a+Closest+Relative%3F&rft.btitle=The+origins+of+the+first+New+Zealanders&rft.place=Auckland&rft.pages=96-105&rft.pub=Auckland+University+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-1-86940-098-9&rft.aulast=Biggs&rft.aufirst=Bruce&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM%C4%81ori+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGagné2013" class="citation book cs1">Gagné, Natacha (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.3138/j.ctt2ttwzt">Being Māori in the city: indigenous everyday life in Auckland</a>. Anthropological horizons. Toronto: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Toronto_Press" title="University of Toronto Press">University of Toronto Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4426-1413-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4426-1413-0"><bdi>978-1-4426-1413-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.3138/j.ctt2ttwzt">10.3138/j.ctt2ttwzt</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Being+M%C4%81ori+in+the+city%3A+indigenous+everyday+life+in+Auckland&rft.place=Toronto&rft.series=Anthropological+horizons&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=2013&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F10.3138%2Fj.ctt2ttwzt%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.isbn=978-1-4426-1413-0&rft.aulast=Gagn%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=Natacha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F10.3138%2Fj.ctt2ttwzt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM%C4%81ori+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBuck1949" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Buck_(anthropologist)" title="Peter Buck (anthropologist)">Buck, P. H.</a> (1949). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.royalsociety.org.nz/150th-anniversary/tetakarangi/putea-whakairo-maori-and-the-written-wordbradford-haami-2/">The Coming of the Māori</a>. Christchurch: <a href="/wiki/Whitcombe_and_Tombs" class="mw-redirect" title="Whitcombe and Tombs">Whitcombe and Tombs</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Coming+of+the+M%C4%81ori&rft.place=Christchurch&rft.pub=Whitcombe+and+Tombs&rft.date=1949&rft.aulast=Buck&rft.aufirst=P.+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.royalsociety.org.nz%2F150th-anniversary%2Ftetakarangi%2Fputea-whakairo-maori-and-the-written-wordbradford-haami-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM%C4%81ori+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIrwin1992" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Irwin" title="Geoffrey Irwin">Irwin, Geoffrey</a> (1992). The prehistoric exploration and colonisation of the Pacific. Cambridge: <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fcbo9780511518225">10.1017/cbo9780511518225</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-40371-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-40371-9"><bdi>978-0-521-40371-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+prehistoric+exploration+and+colonisation+of+the+Pacific&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1992&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2Fcbo9780511518225&rft.isbn=978-0-521-40371-9&rft.aulast=Irwin&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM%C4%81ori+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcLean1996" class="citation book cs1">McLean, Mervyn (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GKnQRp_EafcC">Maori music</a>. Auckland: <a href="/wiki/Auckland_University_Press" title="Auckland University Press">Auckland University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86940-144-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86940-144-3"><bdi>978-1-86940-144-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Maori+music&rft.place=Auckland&rft.pub=Auckland+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-1-86940-144-3&rft.aulast=McLean&rft.aufirst=Mervyn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGKnQRp_EafcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM%C4%81ori+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimmons1997" class="citation book cs1">Simmons, D. R. (1997). Ta moko: the art of Maori tattoo (Rev. ed.). Auckland: <a href="/wiki/Reed_Publishing" title="Reed Publishing">Reed Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7900-0568-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7900-0568-3"><bdi>978-0-7900-0568-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ta+moko%3A+the+art+of+Maori+tattoo&rft.place=Auckland&rft.edition=Rev.&rft.pub=Reed+Publishing&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-7900-0568-3&rft.aulast=Simmons&rft.aufirst=D.+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM%C4%81ori+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSutton1994" class="citation book cs1">Sutton, Doug G., ed. (1994). The origins of the first New Zealanders. Auckland: <a href="/wiki/Auckland_University_Press" title="Auckland University Press">Auckland University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86940-098-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86940-098-9"><bdi>978-1-86940-098-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+origins+of+the+first+New+Zealanders&rft.place=Auckland&rft.pub=Auckland+University+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-1-86940-098-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM%C4%81ori+people" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C4%81ori_people&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:M%C4%81ori" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Māori">Māori</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.teara.govt.nz/en/maori">Entry on the Māori people</a> in <a href="/wiki/Te_Ara:_The_Encyclopedia_of_New_Zealand" title="Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand">Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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Zealand">Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_New_Zealand" title="Economic history of New Zealand">Economic history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_New_Zealand" title="Military history of New Zealand">Military history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_history" title="Māori history">Māori history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_history_of_New_Zealand" title="Natural history of New Zealand">Natural history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_history_of_New_Zealand" title="Political history of New Zealand">Political history</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Waitangi" title="Treaty of Waitangi">Treaty of Waitangi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Wars" title="New Zealand Wars">New Zealand Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_New_Zealand" title="Women's suffrage in New 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href="/wiki/Environment_of_New_Zealand" title="Environment of New Zealand">Environment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_New_Zealand" title="Geology of New Zealand">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_New_Zealand" title="List of islands of New Zealand">Islands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Island" title="North Island">North Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Island" title="South Island">South Island</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakes_of_New_Zealand" title="Lakes of New Zealand">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_of_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="List of mountains of New Zealand">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_New_Zealand" title="Protected areas of New Zealand">Protected areas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marine_reserves_of_New_Zealand" title="Marine reserves of New Zealand">Marine reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_parks_of_New_Zealand" title="National parks of New Zealand">National parks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_New_Zealand" title="List of rivers of New Zealand">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcanism_of_New_Zealand" title="Volcanism of New Zealand">Volcanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_in_New_Zealand" title="Water in New Zealand">Water</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_New_Zealand" title="List of cities in New Zealand">Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland">Auckland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christchurch" title="Christchurch">Christchurch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunedin" title="Dunedin">Dunedin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton,_New_Zealand" title="Hamilton, New Zealand">Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hastings,_New_Zealand" title="Hastings, New Zealand">Hastings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invercargill" title="Invercargill">Invercargill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napier,_New_Zealand" title="Napier, New Zealand">Napier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson,_New_Zealand" title="Nelson, New Zealand">Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Plymouth" title="New Plymouth">New Plymouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmerston_North" title="Palmerston North">Palmerston North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotorua" title="Rotorua">Rotorua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tauranga" title="Tauranga">Tauranga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wellington" title="Wellington">Wellington</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capital_of_New_Zealand" title="Capital of New Zealand">capital</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whang%C4%81rei" title="Whangārei">Whangārei</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_New_Zealand" title="Local government in New Zealand">Subdivisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_New_Zealand" title="Regions of New Zealand">Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_authorities_of_New_Zealand" title="Territorial authorities of New Zealand">Territorial authorities</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_New_Zealand" title="Politics of New Zealand">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_New_Zealand" title="Constitution of New Zealand">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_New_Zealand" title="Elections in New Zealand">Elections</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_system_of_New_Zealand" title="Electoral system of New Zealand">Electoral system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_New_Zealand" title="List of political parties in New Zealand">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voting_in_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Voting in New Zealand">Voting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_New_Zealand" title="Foreign relations of New Zealand">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_law_in_New_Zealand" title="Gun law in New Zealand">Gun law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_New_Zealand" title="Human rights in New Zealand">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disability_rights_in_New_Zealand" title="Disability rights in New Zealand">Disability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_New_Zealand" title="Intersex rights in New Zealand">Intersex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in New Zealand">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_New_Zealand" title="Judiciary of New Zealand">Judiciary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_New_Zealand" title="Supreme Court of New Zealand">Supreme Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_New_Zealand" title="Chief Justice of New Zealand">Chief Justice</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_New_Zealand" title="Law of New Zealand">Law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in New Zealand">enforcement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_politics" title="Māori politics">Māori politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Defence_Force" title="New Zealand Defence Force">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_New_Zealand" title="Monarchy of New Zealand">Monarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Official_Opposition_(New_Zealand)" title="Official Opposition (New Zealand)">Official Opposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Parliament" title="New Zealand Parliament">Parliament</a> (<a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_House_of_Representatives" title="New Zealand House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_funding_in_New_Zealand" title="Political funding in New Zealand">Political funding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_sector_organisations_in_New_Zealand" title="List of public sector organisations in New Zealand">Public sector</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Government" title="New Zealand Government">Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_New_Zealand" title="Cabinet of New Zealand">Cabinet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_Zealand_governments" title="List of New Zealand governments">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_New_Zealand" title="Governor-General of New Zealand">Governor-General</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors-general_of_New_Zealand" title="List of governors-general of New Zealand">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministers_in_the_New_Zealand_Government" title="Ministers in the New Zealand Government">Ministers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_New_Zealand" title="Prime Minister of New Zealand">Prime Minister</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_New_Zealand" title="List of prime ministers of New Zealand">list</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_New_Zealand" title="Economy of New Zealand">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_New_Zealand" title="Agriculture in New Zealand">Agriculture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dairy_farming_in_New_Zealand" title="Dairy farming in New Zealand">Dairy farming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_wine" title="New Zealand wine">Wine industry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_New_Zealand" title="List of companies of New Zealand">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_dollar" title="New Zealand dollar">Dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_New_Zealand" title="Energy in New Zealand">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_technology_industry_in_New_Zealand" title="Information technology industry in New Zealand">Information technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manufacturing_in_New_Zealand" title="Manufacturing in New Zealand">Manufacturing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_New_Zealand" title="Mining in New Zealand">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_New_Zealand" title="Poverty in New Zealand">Poverty</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Child_poverty_in_New_Zealand" title="Child poverty in New Zealand">Child poverty</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reserve_Bank_of_New_Zealand" title="Reserve Bank of New Zealand">Reserve Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogernomics" title="Rogernomics">Rogernomics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_in_New_Zealand" title="Welfare in New Zealand">Social welfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_New_Zealand" title="Taxation in New Zealand">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_New_Zealand" title="Telecommunications in New Zealand">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_New_Zealand" title="Tourism in New Zealand">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_New_Zealand" title="Transport in New Zealand">Transportation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_New_Zealand" title="Rail transport in New Zealand">Rail transport</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_New_Zealand" title="Category:Society of New Zealand">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_New_Zealand" title="Abortion in New Zealand">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_nationality_law" title="New Zealand nationality law">Citizenship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_New_Zealand" title="Crime in New Zealand">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_New_Zealand" title="Demographics of New Zealand">Demographics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ethnic_origins_of_New_Zealanders" title="List of ethnic origins of New Zealanders">Ethnic origins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_inequality_in_New_Zealand" title="Gender inequality in New Zealand">Gender inequality</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_New_Zealand" title="Education in New Zealand">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euthanasia_in_New_Zealand" title="Euthanasia in New Zealand">Euthanasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_equality_in_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Gender equality in New Zealand">Gender equality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_New_Zealand" title="Health in New Zealand">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_New_Zealand" title="Healthcare in New Zealand">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_New_Zealand" title="Homelessness in New Zealand">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_in_New_Zealand" title="Housing in New Zealand">Housing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_New_Zealand" title="Immigration to New Zealand">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_New_Zealand" title="Irreligion in New Zealand">Irreligion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_New_Zealand" title="Languages of New Zealand">Languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_language" title="Māori language">Māori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_English" title="New Zealand English">New Zealand English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Sign_Language" title="New Zealand Sign Language">New Zealand Sign Language</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_in_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT in New Zealand">LGBT issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naturism_in_New_Zealand" title="Naturism in New Zealand">Naturism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealanders" title="New Zealanders">People</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kiwi_(nickname)" title="Kiwi (nickname)">"Kiwi"</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Māori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_New_Zealand" title="Women in New Zealand">Women</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_New_Zealand" title="Prostitution in New Zealand">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_New_Zealand" title="Religion in New Zealand">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structural_discrimination_in_New_Zealand" title="Structural discrimination in New Zealand">Structural discrimination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_in_New_Zealand" title="Waste in New Zealand">Waste</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_New_Zealand" title="Culture of New Zealand">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_New_Zealand" title="Architecture of New Zealand">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_art" title="New Zealand art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_New_Zealand" title="Cinema of New Zealand">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_cuisine" title="New Zealand cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_literature" title="New Zealand literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_culture" title="Māori culture">Māori culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_New_Zealand" title="Mass media in New Zealand">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_New_Zealand" title="Music of New Zealand">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Performing_arts_of_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Performing arts of New Zealand">Performing arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_New_Zealand" title="Public holidays in New Zealand">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_in_New_Zealand" title="Radio in New Zealand">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_New_Zealand" title="Sport in New Zealand">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_New_Zealand" title="National symbols of New Zealand">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_New_Zealand" title="Television in New Zealand">Television</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_New_Zealand" title="Outline of New Zealand">Outline</a></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:New_Zealand" title="Category:New Zealand">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:New_Zealand" title="Portal:New Zealand">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Culture_of_indigenous_Oceania" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Culture_of_Oceania" title="Template:Culture of Oceania"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Culture_of_Oceania" title="Template talk:Culture of Oceania"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Culture_of_Oceania" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Culture of Oceania"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Culture_of_indigenous_Oceania" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indigenous_peoples#Oceania" title="List of Indigenous peoples">Culture of indigenous Oceania</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>List of resources about traditional arts and culture of Oceania</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oceanian_art" title="Oceanian art">Art</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Island#Ahu" title="Easter Island">Ahu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Australian_art" title="Indigenous Australian art">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austronesian_peoples#Arts" title="Austronesian peoples">Austronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands" title="Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapa" title="Kapa">kapa (Hawaiʻi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lei_(garland)" title="Lei (garland)">Lei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magimagi" title="Magimagi">magimagi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moai" title="Moai">moai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_art" title="New Zealand art">New Zealand</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:M%C4%81ori_art" title="Category:Māori art">Māori</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nguzu_nguzu" title="Nguzu nguzu">nguzu nguzu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oceanian_art" title="Oceanian art">Oceania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinean_art" title="Papua New Guinean art">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reimiro" title="Reimiro">reimiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C4%81_moko" title="Tā moko">tā moko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabua" title="Tabua">tabua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ta%CA%BBovala" title="Taʻovala">taʻovala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapa_cloth" title="Tapa cloth">tapa ["masi" (Fiji), "ngatu" (Tonga), "siapo" (Sāmoa), " ʻuha" (Rotuma)]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tattoo" title="Tattoo">tattoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C4%93fui" title="Tēfui">tēfui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tivaevae" title="Tivaevae">tivaevae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Broad culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Areca_nut" title="Areca nut">areca nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kava" title="Kava">"yaqona" (Fiji), or "sakau" (Pohnpei)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kava_culture" title="Kava culture">Kava culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapita_culture" title="Lapita culture">Lapita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_culture" title="Māori culture">Māori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polynesian_culture" title="Polynesian culture">Polynesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoa_%27ava_ceremony" class="mw-redirect" title="Samoa 'ava ceremony">Sāmoa 'ava ceremony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_wood_carving#Aboriginal" title="History of wood carving">Wood carving</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geo-specific, general</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Australians#Culture" title="Indigenous Australians">Australia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Aboriginal_astronomy" title="Australian Aboriginal astronomy">Australian Aboriginal astronomy</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austronesian_peoples#Culture" title="Austronesian peoples">Austronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caroline_Islands#People_and_culture" title="Caroline Islands">Caroline Islands</a>, -<a href="/wiki/Pwo" title="Pwo">Pwo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moriori#Revival_of_culture" title="Moriori">Chatham Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands#Culture" title="Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Island#Culture" title="Easter Island">Easter Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Fiji" title="Culture of Fiji">Fiji</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lau_Islands#Culture_and_economy" title="Lau Islands">Lau Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fijian_traditions_and_ceremonies" title="Fijian traditions and ceremonies">traditions and ceremonies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guam#Culture" title="Guam">Guam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lomilomi_massage" title="Lomilomi massage">Lomilomi massage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Kiribati" title="Culture of Kiribati">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_Marquesas_Islands" title="Culture of the Marquesas Islands">French Polynesia's Marquesas Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federated_States_of_Micronesia#Culture" title="Federated States of Micronesia">Federated States of Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Nauru" title="Culture of Nauru">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Caledonia#Culture" title="New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_New_Zealand" title="Culture of New Zealand">New Zealand</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_culture" title="Māori culture">Māori</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niue#Culture" title="Niue">Niue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk_Island#Culture" title="Norfolk Island">Norfolk Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palau#Culture" title="Palau">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Culture of Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitcairn_Islands#Culture_and_religion" title="Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoan_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Samoan culture">Sāmoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_Solomon_Islands" title="Culture of the Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Tonga" title="Culture of Tonga">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torres_Strait_Islanders#Culture" title="Torres Strait Islanders">Torres Strait Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvalu#Culture" title="Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Vanuatu" title="Culture of Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallis_and_Futuna#Culture" title="Wallis and Futuna">Wallis and Futuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polynesian_navigation" title="Polynesian navigation">Polynesian Navigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micronesian_navigation" title="Micronesian navigation">Micronesian Navigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshallese_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Marshallese culture">Marshall Islands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Islands_stick_chart" title="Marshall Islands stick chart">Stick charts of</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yap#Culture" title="Yap">Yap</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yap#Navigation_(sailing)" title="Yap">navigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weriyeng" title="Weriyeng">Weriyeng navigation school</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Canoes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_dugout_canoe" title="Aboriginal dugout canoe">Aboriginal dugout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alingano_Maisu" title="Alingano Maisu">Alingano Maisu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balangay" title="Balangay">Bangka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drua" title="Drua">Drua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dugout_(boat)#Pacific_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Dugout (boat)">Dugout (boat)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C5%8Dk%C5%ABle%CA%BBa" title="Hōkūleʻa">Hōkūleʻa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaep" title="Kaep">Kaep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karakoa" title="Karakoa">Karakoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_migration_canoes" title="Māori migration canoes">Māori migration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outrigger_canoe" class="mw-redirect" title="Outrigger canoe">Outrigger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paopao_(canoe)" title="Paopao (canoe)"> Paopao (Tuvalu)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraw" title="Paraw">Paraw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canoe_sailing#Polynesian_sailing_canoes" title="Canoe sailing">Polynesian sailing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proa" title="Proa">Proa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinta" title="Vinta">Vinta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waka_(canoe)" title="Waka (canoe)">Waka</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_M%C4%81ori_waka" title="List of Māori waka">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walap" title="Walap">Walap</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%CA%BBAparima" title="ʻAparima">ʻAparima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cibi" title="Cibi">cibi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fara_(Rotuman_festivity)" title="Fara (Rotuman festivity)">fara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_performance" title="Fire performance">fire dancing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firewalking" title="Firewalking">firewalking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haka" title="Haka">haka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hivinau" title="Hivinau">hivinau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hula" title="Hula">hula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kailao" title="Kailao">kailao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapa_haka" title="Kapa haka">kapa haka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_Kiribati" title="Dance in Kiribati">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meke" title="Meke">meke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%27ote%27a" title="'ote'a">'ote'a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pa%27o%27a" class="mw-redirect" title="Pa'o'a">pa'o'a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poi_(performance_art)" title="Poi (performance art)">poi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_Rotuma" title="Dance in Rotuma">Rotuma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoan_culture#Dance" class="mw-redirect" title="Samoan culture">siva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dances_of_Tahiti" title="Category:Dances of Tahiti">Tahiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamure" title="Tamure">tāmūrē</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tautoga" title="Tautoga">tautoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dances_of_Tonga" title="Category:Dances of Tonga">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Tuvalu" title="Music of Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%27upa%27upa" title="'upa'upa">'upa'upa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Festivals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Australia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Garma_Festival_of_Traditional_Cultures" title="Garma Festival of Traditional Cultures">Garma Festival</a></li></ul></li> <li>Hawaiʻi <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aloha_Festivals" title="Aloha Festivals">Aloha Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merrie_Monarch_Festival" title="Merrie Monarch Festival">Merrie Monarch Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Invitational_Hula_Festival" title="World Invitational Hula Festival">World Invitational Hula Festival</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_festivals_in_Fiji" title="List of festivals in Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li>New Zealand <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pasifika_Festival" title="Pasifika Festival">Pasifika Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Te_Matatini" title="Te Matatini">Te Matatini</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Community" title="Pacific Community">Pacific Community</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Festival_of_Pacific_Arts" title="Festival of Pacific Arts">Festival of Pacific Arts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Festivals_in_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Category:Festivals in Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oceanic_languages" title="Oceanic languages">Languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">by area</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Oceania_topic" title="Template:Oceania topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Oceania_topic" title="Template talk:Oceania topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Oceania_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Oceania topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Languages_of_Oceania" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Oceania" title="Languages of Oceania">Languages of Oceania </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Australia" title="Languages of Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of the Federated States of Micronesia">Federated States of Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Fiji" title="Languages of Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Kiribati" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Kiribati">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Marshall_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of the Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Nauru" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Nauru">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_New_Zealand" title="Languages of New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Palau" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Palau">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Languages of Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Samoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Samoa">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Solomon_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Tonga" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Tonga">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Tuvalu" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Vanuatu" title="Languages of Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associated states of New Zealand</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Cook_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of the Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Niue" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Niue">Niue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies and other territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_American_Samoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of American Samoa">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Christmas_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Easter_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Easter Island">Easter Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_French_Polynesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Guam" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Hawaii" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_New_Caledonia" title="Languages of New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Norfolk_Island" title="Languages of Norfolk Island">Norfolk Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of the Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Pitcairn_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of the Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Tokelau" title="Languages of Tokelau">Tokelau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Wallis_and_Futuna" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Wallis and Futuna">Wallis and Futuna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">by category</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Category:Languages_of_Oceania" title="Category:Languages of Oceania">Languages of Oceania</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oceanian_literature" title="Oceanian literature">Literature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Oceania_topic" title="Template:Oceania topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Oceania_topic" title="Template talk:Oceania topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Oceania_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Oceania topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Literature_of_Oceania" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Oceania" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of Oceania">Literature of Oceania </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of the Federated States of Micronesia (page does not exist)">Federated States of Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Fiji" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_Kiribati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of Kiribati (page does not exist)">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_the_Marshall_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of the Marshall Islands (page does not exist)">Marshall Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_Nauru&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of Nauru (page does not exist)">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_Palau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of Palau (page does not exist)">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Papua_New_Guinea" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Samoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of Samoa">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_Solomon_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of Solomon Islands (page does not exist)">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Tonga" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of Tonga">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_Tuvalu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of Tuvalu (page does not exist)">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Vanuatu" title="Literature of Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associated states of New Zealand</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_the_Cook_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of the Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Niue" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of Niue">Niue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies and other territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_American_Samoa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of American Samoa (page does not exist)">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_Christmas_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of Christmas Island (page does not exist)">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (page does not exist)">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_Easter_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of Easter Island (page does not exist)">Easter Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_French_Polynesia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of French Polynesia (page does not exist)">French Polynesia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_Guam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of Guam (page does not exist)">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Hawaii" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_New_Caledonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_Norfolk_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of Norfolk Island (page does not exist)">Norfolk Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of the Northern Mariana Islands (page does not exist)">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_the_Pitcairn_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of the Pitcairn Islands (page does not exist)">Pitcairn Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_Tokelau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of Tokelau (page does not exist)">Tokelau</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_Wallis_and_Futuna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of Wallis and Futuna (page does not exist)">Wallis and Futuna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Austral_Islands" title="Music of the Austral Islands">Austral Islands (French Polynesia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_music_of_Australia" title="Indigenous music of Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austronesian_peoples#Music" title="Austronesian peoples">Austronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Cook_Islands" title="Music of the Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Easter_Island" title="Music of Easter Island">Easter Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Fiji" title="Music of Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Guam" title="Music of Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Kiribati" title="Music of Kiribati">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lali_(drum)" title="Lali (drum)">Lali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Melanesia" title="Music of Melanesia">Melanesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Micronesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of Micronesia">Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of the Federated States of Micronesia">Federated States of Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Nauru" title="Music of Nauru">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_New_Caledonia" title="Music of New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_New_Zealand" title="Music of New Zealand">New Zealand</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_music" title="Māori music">Māori</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Niue" title="Music of Niue">Niue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Music of the Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Palau" title="Music of Palau">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Music of Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Polynesia" title="Music of Polynesia">Polynesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Samoa" title="Music of Samoa">Sāmoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slit_drum" title="Slit drum">Slit drum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Solomon_Islands" title="Music of Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Tahiti" title="Music of Tahiti">Tahiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Tokelau" title="Music of Tokelau">Tokelau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Tonga" title="Music of Tonga">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Tuvalu" title="Music of Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Vanuatu" title="Music of Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Polynesia" title="Music of Polynesia">Wallis and Futuna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mythology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Aboriginal_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Aboriginal mythology">Australian Aboriginal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fijian_mythology" title="Category:Fijian mythology">Fijian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangarevan_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Mangarevan mythology">Mangarevan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahiti_and_Society_Islands_mythology" title="Tahiti and Society Islands mythology">Maohi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_mythology" title="Māori mythology">Māori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanesian_mythology" title="Melanesian mythology">Melanesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menehune" title="Menehune">Menehune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micronesian_mythology" title="Micronesian mythology">Micronesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Oceanian_legendary_creatures" title="Category:Oceanian legendary creatures">Oceanian legendary creatures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polynesian_mythology" title="Polynesian mythology">Polynesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapa_Nui_mythology" title="Rapa Nui mythology">Rapa Nui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoan_mythology" title="Samoan mythology">Samoan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvaluan_mythology" title="Tuvaluan mythology">Tuvaluan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Vanuatu_mythology" title="Category:Vanuatu mythology">Vanuatuan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Research</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asian_American_and_Pacific_Islander_Policy_Research_Consortium" title="Asian American and Pacific Islander Policy Research Consortium">Asian American and Pacific Islander Policy Research Consortium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Institute_of_Aboriginal_and_Torres_Strait_Islander_Studies" title="Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies">Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Australians" title="Indigenous Australians">Indigenous Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austronesian_peoples" title="Austronesian peoples">Austronesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sama-Bajau" title="Sama-Bajau">Sama-Bajau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamorro_people" title="Chamorro people">Chamorro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moriori" title="Moriori">Chatham Islander (Moriori or Rekohu)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fijians" title="Fijians">Fijian (iTaukei)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_Hawaiians" title="Native Hawaiians">Hawaiian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilocano_people" title="Ilocano people">Ilocano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igorot" class="mw-redirect" title="Igorot">Igorot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivatan_people" title="Ivatan people">Ivatans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumad" title="Lumad">Lumad</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Māori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Marshall_Islands" title="Demographics of the Marshall Islands">Marshallese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanesians" title="Melanesians">Melanesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micronesians" title="Micronesians">Micronesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negrito" title="Negrito">Negrito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk_Islanders" title="Norfolk Islanders">Norfolk Islander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_people_of_New_Guinea" title="Indigenous people of New Guinea">Papuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polynesians" title="Polynesians">Polynesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maohi" title="Maohi">Indigenous Polynesian (Mā’ohi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapa_Nui_people" title="Rapa Nui people">Rapa Nui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotumans" title="Rotumans">Rotuman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoans" title="Samoans">Samoan (Tagata Māo‘i)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagalog_people" title="Tagalog people">Tagalog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahitians" title="Tahitians">Tahitian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_aborigines" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiwanese aborigines">Taiwanese aborigines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokelauan_people" title="Tokelauan people">Tokelauan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Tonga" title="Demographics of Tonga">Tongan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torres_Strait_Islanders" title="Torres Strait Islanders">Torres Strait Islander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visayans" title="Visayans">Visayans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yami_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Yami people">Yami</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religion</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Oceania_topic" title="Template:Oceania topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Oceania_topic" title="Template talk:Oceania topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Oceania_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Oceania topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Religion_in_Oceania" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Oceania" title="Religion in Oceania">Religion in Oceania </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Australia" title="Religion in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia" title="Religion in the Federated States of Micronesia">Federated States of Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Fiji" title="Religion in Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Kiribati" title="Religion in Kiribati">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Marshall_Islands" title="Religion in the Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Nauru" title="Religion in Nauru">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_New_Zealand" title="Religion in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Palau" title="Religion in Palau">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Religion in Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Samoa" title="Religion in Samoa">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Solomon_Islands" title="Religion in Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Tonga" title="Religion in Tonga">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Tuvalu" title="Religion in Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Vanuatu" title="Religion in Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associated states of New Zealand</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Cook_Islands" title="Religion in the Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Niue" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Niue">Niue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies and other territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_American_Samoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in American Samoa">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Christmas_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Religion in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (page does not exist)">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Easter_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Religion in Easter Island (page does not exist)">Easter Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_French_Polynesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Guam" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Hawaii" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_New_Caledonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Norfolk_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Norfolk Island">Norfolk Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in the Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Pitcairn_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in the Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Tokelau" title="Religion in Tokelau">Tokelau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Wallis_and_Futuna" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Wallis and Futuna">Wallis and Futuna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>For other topics including Oceanian <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Oceania" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinema of Oceania">cinema</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shell_money_in_Oceania" class="mw-redirect" title="Shell money in Oceania">indigenous currency</a>, <a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Oceanian_clothing" title="Category:History of Oceanian clothing">dress</a>, <a href="/wiki/Category:Oceanian_folklore" title="Category:Oceanian folklore">folklore</a> and <a href="/wiki/Category:Oceanian_cuisine" title="Category:Oceanian cuisine">cuisine</a>, see <a href="/wiki/Category:Culture_of_Oceania" title="Category:Culture of Oceania">Category:Culture of Oceania</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Māori" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:M%C4%81ori" title="Template:Māori"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:M%C4%81ori" title="Template talk:Māori"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:M%C4%81ori" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Māori"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Māori" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Māori</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Indigenous people of New Zealand (<a href="/wiki/Aotearoa" title="Aotearoa">Aotearoa</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_history" title="Māori history">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_migration_canoes" title="Māori migration canoes">Māori migration canoes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Waka_(canoe)" title="Waka (canoe)">waka</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moriori" title="Moriori">Moriori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musket_Wars" title="Musket Wars">Musket Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Tribes_of_New_Zealand" title="United Tribes of New Zealand">United Tribes of New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Waitangi" title="Treaty of Waitangi">Treaty of Waitangi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Wars" title="New Zealand Wars">New Zealand Wars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/K%C5%ABpapa" title="Kūpapa">Kūpapa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_land_confiscations" title="New Zealand land confiscations">Land confiscations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_protest_movement" title="Māori protest movement">Māori protest movement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:M%C4%81ori_society" title="Category:Māori society">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_and_conservation" title="Māori and conservation">Conservation</a></li> <li>Diaspora <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_Australians" title="Māori Australians">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealanders_in_the_United_Kingdom#Māori" title="New Zealanders in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_Americans" title="Māori Americans">United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hauora" title="Hauora">Hauora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hap%C5%AB" title="Hapū">Hapū</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iwi" title="Iwi">Iwi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marae" title="Marae">Marae</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/P%C4%81" title="Pā">pā</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_of_M%C4%81ori_people" title="Religion of Māori people">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangata_whenua" title="Tangata whenua">Tangata whenua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wh%C4%81nau" title="Whānau">Whānau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_politics" title="Māori politics">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mana_Movement" title="Mana Movement">Mana Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_for_M%C4%81ori_Development" title="Minister for Māori Development">Minister for Māori Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mana_Motuhake" title="Mana Motuhake">Mana Motuhake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_electorates" title="Māori electorates">Māori electorates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_King_movement" title="Māori King movement">Māori King movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Te_P%C4%81ti_M%C4%81ori" title="Te Pāti Māori">Te Pāti Māori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Te_Puni_K%C5%8Dkiri" title="Te Puni Kōkiri">Te Puni Kōkiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Waitangi_claims_and_settlements" title="Treaty of Waitangi claims and settlements">Treaty of Waitangi claims and settlements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tino_rangatiratanga" title="Tino rangatiratanga">Tino rangatiratanga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_culture" title="Māori culture">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Māori cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangihanga" title="Tangihanga">Funerals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mana_(Oceanian_cultures)" title="Mana (Oceanian cultures)">Mana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_mythology" title="Māori mythology">Mythology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_M%C4%81ori_deities" title="List of Māori deities">Deities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghosts_and_spirits_in_M%C4%81ori_culture" title="Ghosts and spirits in Māori culture">Ghosts and spirits</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_naming_customs" title="Māori naming customs">Naming customs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polynesian_culture" title="Polynesian culture">Polynesian culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_of_M%C4%81ori_people" title="Religion of Māori people">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rongomaraeroa" title="Rongomaraeroa">Rongomaraeroa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapu_(Polynesian_culture)" title="Tapu (Polynesian culture)">Tapu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taha_M%C4%81ori" title="Taha Māori">Taha Māori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tikanga_M%C4%81ori" title="Tikanga Māori">Tikanga Māori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taua" title="Taua">Taua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whakapapa" title="Whakapapa">Whakapapa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:M%C4%81ori_art" title="Category:Māori art">Arts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kapa_haka" title="Kapa haka">Kapa haka</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haka" title="Haka">Haka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poi_(performance_art)" title="Poi (performance art)">Poi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_music" title="Māori music">Music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taonga_p%C5%ABoro" title="Taonga pūoro">Instruments</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_poetry" title="Māori poetry">Poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pounamu" title="Pounamu">Pounamu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C4%81_moko" title="Tā moko">Tattooing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_traditional_textiles" title="Māori traditional textiles">Textiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whakairo" title="Whakairo">Wood carving</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:M%C4%81ori_science" title="Category:Māori science">Science</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_and_conservation" title="Māori and conservation">Conservation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kaitiaki" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaitiaki">Kaitiaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C4%81hui" title="Rāhui">Rāhui</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polynesian_navigation" title="Polynesian navigation">Navigation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:M%C4%81ori_sport" title="Category:Māori sport">Sport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haka_in_sports" title="Haka in sports">Haka in sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C4%AB-o-rahi" title="Kī-o-rahi">Kī-o-rahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapu_ae" title="Tapu ae">Tapu ae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mau_r%C4%81kau" title="Mau rākau">Mau rākau</a></li> <li>Representative teams <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_M%C4%81ori_cricket_team" title="New Zealand Māori cricket team">Cricket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_M%C4%81ori_rugby_league_team" title="New Zealand Māori rugby league team">Rugby league</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_All_Blacks" title="Māori All Blacks">Rugby union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1888%E2%80%9389_New_Zealand_Native_football_team" title="1888–89 New Zealand Native football team">1888–89 Natives</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_Zealand_M%C4%81ori_sportspeople" title="List of New Zealand Māori sportspeople">Sportspeople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outrigger_boat" title="Outrigger boat">Waka ama</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_language" title="Māori language">Language</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_influence_on_New_Zealand_English" class="mw-redirect" title="Māori influence on New Zealand English">Influence on New Zealand English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kura_Kaupapa_M%C4%81ori" class="mw-redirect" title="Kura Kaupapa Māori">Language immersion schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_Language_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Māori Language Commission">Māori Language Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_language_revival" title="Māori language revival">Māori language revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Te_Wiki_o_te_Reo_M%C4%81ori" title="Te Wiki o te Reo Māori">Te Wiki o te Reo Māori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_Television" class="mw-redirect" title="Māori Television">Māori Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_planetary_features_with_M%C4%81ori_names" title="List of planetary features with Māori names">Planetary names</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=New_Zealand&#124;link=New_Zealand_New_Zealand_people" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ancestry_of_New_Zealand_people" title="Template:Ancestry of New Zealand people"><abbr title="View this 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class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/143px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/190px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/African_New_Zealanders" title="African New Zealanders">Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_New_Zealanders" title="Egyptian New Zealanders">Egyptian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_New_Zealanders" title="South African New Zealanders">South African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwean_New_Zealanders" title="Zimbabwean New Zealanders">Zimbabwean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_New_Zealanders" title="American New Zealanders">American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_New_Zealanders" title="Canadian New Zealanders">Canadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexicans_in_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexicans in New Zealand">Mexican</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Asian_New_Zealanders" title="Asian New Zealanders">Asia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_New_Zealanders" title="Afghan New Zealanders">Afghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_New_Zealanders" title="Arab New Zealanders">Arab</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_New_Zealanders" title="Iraqi New Zealanders">Iraqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_New_Zealanders" title="Lebanese New Zealanders">Lebanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_New_Zealanders" title="Syrian New Zealanders">Syrian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrians_in_New_Zealand" title="Assyrians in New Zealand">Assyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_New_Zealanders" title="Bangladeshi New Zealanders">Bangladeshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_New_Zealanders" title="Burmese New Zealanders">Burmese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_New_Zealanders" title="Chinese New Zealanders">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_New_Zealanders" title="Filipino New Zealanders">Filipino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_New_Zealanders" title="Indian New Zealanders">Indian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_New_Zealanders" title="Punjabi New Zealanders">Punjabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_New_Zealanders" title="Tamil New Zealanders">Tamil</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_New_Zealanders" title="Indonesian New Zealanders">Indonesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_New_Zealanders" title="Iranian New Zealanders">Iranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_New_Zealanders" title="Israeli New Zealanders">Israeli</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_New_Zealand" title="History of the Jews in New Zealand">Jewish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_New_Zealanders" title="Japanese New Zealanders">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_New_Zealanders" title="Korean New Zealanders">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_New_Zealanders" title="Malaysian New Zealanders">Malaysian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_New_Zealanders" title="Nepalese New Zealanders">Nepali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_New_Zealanders" title="Pakistani New Zealanders">Pakistani</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_New_Zealanders" title="Punjabi New Zealanders">Punjabi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_New_Zealanders" title="Sri Lankan New Zealanders">Sri Lankan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_New_Zealanders" title="Thai New Zealanders">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_New_Zealanders" title="Turkish New Zealanders">Turkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_New_Zealanders" title="Vietnamese New Zealanders">Vietnamese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/European_New_Zealanders" title="European New Zealanders">Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_New_Zealanders" title="Albanian New Zealanders">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_New_Zealanders" title="Armenian New Zealanders">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_New_Zealanders" title="European New Zealanders">British</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_New_Zealanders" title="English New Zealanders">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_New_Zealanders" title="Scottish New Zealanders">Scottish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_New_Zealanders" title="Welsh New Zealanders">Welsh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_New_Zealanders" title="Croatian New Zealanders">Croatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_New_Zealanders" title="Dutch New Zealanders">Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_New_Zealanders" title="French New Zealanders">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_New_Zealanders" title="German New Zealanders">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_New_Zealanders" title="Greek New Zealanders">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_New_Zealanders" title="Hungarian New Zealanders">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_New_Zealanders" title="Irish New Zealanders">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_New_Zealanders" title="Italian New Zealanders">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_New_Zealanders" title="Nordic New Zealanders">Nordic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Danish_New_Zealanders" title="Danish New Zealanders">Danish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_New_Zealanders" title="Norwegian New Zealanders">Norwegian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_New_Zealanders" title="Polish New Zealanders">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_New_Zealanders" title="Portuguese New Zealanders">Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_New_Zealanders" title="Russian New Zealanders">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_New_Zealanders" title="Serbian New Zealanders">Serbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_New_Zealanders" title="Spanish New Zealanders">Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_New_Zealanders" title="Ukrainian New Zealanders">Ukrainian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_New_Zealanders" title="Australian New Zealanders">Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasifika_New_Zealanders" title="Pasifika New Zealanders">Pasifika</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kiribati_New_Zealanders" title="Kiribati New Zealanders">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinean_New_Zealanders" title="Papua New Guinean New Zealanders">Papua New Guinean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotuman_New_Zealanders" title="Rotuman New Zealanders">Rotuman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoan_New_Zealanders" title="Samoan New Zealanders">Samoan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongan_New_Zealanders" title="Tongan New Zealanders">Tongan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvaluan_New_Zealanders" title="Tuvaluan New Zealanders">Tuvaluan</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealanders" title="New Zealanders">New Zealanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_New_Zealand" title="Immigration to New Zealand">Immigration to New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_New_Zealand" title="Immigration New Zealand">Immigration New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refugees_in_New_Zealand" title="Refugees in New Zealand">Refugees in New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ethnic_origins_of_New_Zealanders" title="List of ethnic origins of New Zealanders">List of ethnic origins of New Zealanders</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" 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