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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History and practice</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History_and_practice-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History and practice subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History_and_practice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Overview" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Overview"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Overview</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Overview-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Origins_in_Māori_tradition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origins_in_Māori_tradition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Origins in Māori tradition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origins_in_Māori_tradition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Types_and_functions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Types_and_functions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Types and functions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Types_and_functions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Performance_elements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Performance_elements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Performance elements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Performance_elements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-18th_and_19th_centuries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#18th_and_19th_centuries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>18th and 19th centuries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-18th_and_19th_centuries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_haka" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_haka"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Modern haka</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_haka-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Spread_to_other_Austronesian_nation-states" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spread_to_other_Austronesian_nation-states"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6.1</span> <span>Spread to other Austronesian nation-states</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spread_to_other_Austronesian_nation-states-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultural_influence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural_influence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Cultural influence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultural_influence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Inline_citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inline_citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Inline citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Inline_citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>General references</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Haka</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 56 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-56" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">56 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haka" title="Haka – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Haka" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%A7_(%D8%B1%D9%82%D8%B5%D8%A9)" title="هاكا (رقصة) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هاكا (رقصة)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haka" title="Haka – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Haka" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haka" title="Haka – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Haka" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE" title="হাকা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="হাকা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haka" title="Haka – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Haka" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86)" title="Хака (танц) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Хака (танц)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haka" title="Haka – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Haka" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haka" title="Haka – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Haka" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haka" title="Haka – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Haka" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haka" title="Haka – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Haka" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haka" title="Haka – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Haka" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haka" title="Haka – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Haka" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%AC%CE%BA%CE%B1" title="Χάκα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χάκα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haka" title="Haka – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Haka" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haka" title="Haka – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Haka" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haka" title="Haka – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Haka" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="هاکا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هاکا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haka" title="Haka – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Haka" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haka" title="Haka – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Haka" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haka" title="Haka – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Haka" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%98%EC%B9%B4_(%EC%B6%A4)" title="하카 (춤) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="하카 (춤)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1" title="Հակա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հակա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="हाका – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="हाका" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haka" title="Haka – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Haka" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haka" title="Haka – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Haka" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haka" title="Haka – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Haka" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haka" title="Haka – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Haka" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%90%D7%A7%D7%94_(%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%93)" title="האקה (ריקוד) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="האקה (ריקוד)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%B0%E1%83%90%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="ჰაკა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჰაკა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haka" title="Haka – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Haka" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haka" title="Haka – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Haka" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%A7_(%D8%B1%D9%82%D8%B5%D9%87)" title="هاكا (رقصه) – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="هاكا (رقصه)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haka" title="Haka – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Haka" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haka" title="Haka – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Haka" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8F%E3%82%AB_(%E3%83%80%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9)" title="ハカ (ダンス) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ハカ (ダンス)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haka" title="Haka – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Haka" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haka" title="Haka – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Haka" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haka" title="Haka – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Haka" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xaka" title="Xaka – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Xaka" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haka" title="Haka – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Haka" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haka" title="Haka – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Haka" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haka" title="Haka – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Haka" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Хака – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Хака" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haka" title="Haka – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Haka" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haka" title="Haka – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Haka" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Хака – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хака" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haka" title="Haka – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Haka" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haka_(tanssi)" title="Haka (tanssi) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Haka (tanssi)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haka_(dans)" title="Haka (dans) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Haka (dans)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B9%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="ஹக்கா நடனம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஹக்கா நடனம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haka_dans%C4%B1" title="Haka dansı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Haka dansı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA)" title="Гака (танок) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гака (танок)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haka" title="Haka – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Haka" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AF%9B%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%BA%E6%88%B0%E8%88%9E" title="毛利人戰舞 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="毛利人戰舞" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%8D%A1%E8%88%9E" title="哈卡舞 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="哈卡舞" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3595586#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> 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i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about Māori dances. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Haka_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Haka (disambiguation)">Haka (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Hakka_people" title="Hakka people">Hakka people</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MaoriWardanceKahuroa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/MaoriWardanceKahuroa.jpg/280px-MaoriWardanceKahuroa.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/MaoriWardanceKahuroa.jpg/420px-MaoriWardanceKahuroa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/MaoriWardanceKahuroa.jpg/560px-MaoriWardanceKahuroa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4677" data-file-height="2971" /></a><figcaption>Haka is a traditional genre of <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_culture#Performing_arts" title="Māori culture">Māori dance</a>. This painting dates from <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1845</span>.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Haka</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'h' in 'hi'">h</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>/</a></span></span>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'h' in 'hi'">h</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>/</a></span></span>;<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> singular <i>haka</i>, in both <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_language" title="Māori language">Māori</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_English" title="New Zealand English">New Zealand English</a>) are a variety of <a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_dance" title="Ceremonial dance">ceremonial dances</a> in <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_culture" title="Māori culture">Māori culture</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Definition_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Definition-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/Performance_art" title="Performance art">performance art</a>, haka are often performed by a group, with vigorous movements and stamping of the feet with rhythmically shouted accompaniment.<sup id="cite_ref-Definition_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Definition-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Haka have been traditionally performed by both men and women for a variety of social functions within Māori culture.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-haka.co.nz_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-haka.co.nz-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESimon2015_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESimon2015-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are performed to <a href="/wiki/P%C5%8Dwhiri" title="Pōwhiri">welcome distinguished guests</a>, or to acknowledge great achievements, occasions, or funerals. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Kapa_haka" title="Kapa haka">Kapa haka</a> groups are common in schools.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The main Māori <a href="/wiki/Performing_arts" title="Performing arts">performing arts</a> competition, <a href="/wiki/Te_Matatini" title="Te Matatini">Te Matatini</a>, takes place every two years.<sup id="cite_ref-DANZ_Quarterly_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DANZ_Quarterly-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/All_Blacks_Haka_-_Dunedin%2C_14-06-2014.webm/220px--All_Blacks_Haka_-_Dunedin%2C_14-06-2014.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="100" data-mwtitle="All_Blacks_Haka_-_Dunedin,_14-06-2014.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:All_Blacks_Haka_-_Dunedin,_14-06-2014.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b7/All_Blacks_Haka_-_Dunedin%2C_14-06-2014.webm/All_Blacks_Haka_-_Dunedin%2C_14-06-2014.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b7/All_Blacks_Haka_-_Dunedin%2C_14-06-2014.webm/All_Blacks_Haka_-_Dunedin%2C_14-06-2014.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b7/All_Blacks_Haka_-_Dunedin%2C_14-06-2014.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b7/All_Blacks_Haka_-_Dunedin%2C_14-06-2014.webm/All_Blacks_Haka_-_Dunedin%2C_14-06-2014.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b7/All_Blacks_Haka_-_Dunedin%2C_14-06-2014.webm/All_Blacks_Haka_-_Dunedin%2C_14-06-2014.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b7/All_Blacks_Haka_-_Dunedin%2C_14-06-2014.webm/All_Blacks_Haka_-_Dunedin%2C_14-06-2014.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b7/All_Blacks_Haka_-_Dunedin%2C_14-06-2014.webm/All_Blacks_Haka_-_Dunedin%2C_14-06-2014.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption><a href="/wiki/All_Blacks" class="mw-redirect" title="All Blacks">All Blacks</a> performing a haka (<a href="/wiki/2014_England_rugby_union_tour_of_New_Zealand" title="2014 England rugby union tour of New Zealand">Dunedin, 2014</a>)</figcaption></figure> <p>New Zealand <a href="/wiki/Haka_in_sports" title="Haka in sports">sports teams' practice of performing a haka</a> to challenge opponents before international matches has made the dance form more widely known around the world. This tradition began with the <a href="/wiki/1888%E2%80%9389_New_Zealand_Native_football_team" title="1888–89 New Zealand Native football team">1888–89 New Zealand Native football team</a> tour and has been carried on by the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_national_rugby_union_team" title="New Zealand national rugby union team">New Zealand rugby union team</a> (known as the All Blacks) since 1905.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHunt2015_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHunt2015-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESimon201588_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESimon201588-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHokowhitu2014273_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHokowhitu2014273-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although popularly associated with the traditional battle preparations of male <a href="/wiki/Warrior" title="Warrior">warriors</a>, conceptions that haka are typically <a href="/wiki/War_dance" title="War dance">war dances</a>, are considered erroneous by Māori scholars, alongside the <a href="/wiki/Haka_performed_by_non-New_Zealand_sports_teams" title="Haka performed by non-New Zealand sports teams">inaccurate performance of haka by non-Māori</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKāretu1993b37_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKāretu1993b37-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haka&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The group of people performing a haka is referred to as a <i><a href="/wiki/Kapa_haka" title="Kapa haka">kapa haka</a></i> (<i>kapa</i> meaning <i>group</i> or <i>team</i>, and also <i>rank</i> or <i>row</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Māori word <i>haka</i> has cognates in other <a href="/wiki/Polynesian_languages" title="Polynesian languages">Polynesian languages</a>, for example: Samoan <i>saʻa</i> (<a href="/wiki/Sasa_(dance)" title="Sasa (dance)">saʻasaʻa</a>), Tokelauan <i>haka</i>, Rarotongan <i>ʻaka</i>, Hawaiian <i>haʻa</i>, Marquesan <i>haka</i>, meaning 'to be short-legged' or 'dance'; all from <a href="/wiki/Proto-Polynesian" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Polynesian">Proto-Polynesian</a> <i>saka</i>, from <a href="/wiki/Proto-Malayo-Polynesian" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Malayo-Polynesian">Proto-Malayo-Polynesian</a> <i>sakaŋ</i>, meaning 'bowlegged'.<sup id="cite_ref-dictionary_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dictionary-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History_and_practice">History and practice</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haka&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History and practice"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:New_Zealand_Maori_Culture_001_(5396249586).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/New_Zealand_Maori_Culture_001_%285396249586%29.jpg/170px-New_Zealand_Maori_Culture_001_%285396249586%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/New_Zealand_Maori_Culture_001_%285396249586%29.jpg/255px-New_Zealand_Maori_Culture_001_%285396249586%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/New_Zealand_Maori_Culture_001_%285396249586%29.jpg/340px-New_Zealand_Maori_Culture_001_%285396249586%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption>When performed by men,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> haka feature protruding of the tongue.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Overview">Overview</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haka&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Haka is a form of indigenous dance that encompasses multiple ceremonial purposes in Māori culture. As Nathan Matthew explains, "it is a posture dance accompanied by chanted or shouted song... One of the main characteristics of haka are that actions involving all parts of the body are used to emphasise the words."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESimon201589_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESimon201589-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origins_in_Māori_tradition"><span id="Origins_in_M.C4.81ori_tradition"></span>Origins in Māori tradition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haka&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Origins in Māori tradition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to Māori tradition, haka originated from a creation story. The sun god, <a href="/wiki/Tama-nui-te-r%C4%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Tama-nui-te-rā">Tama-nui-te-rā</a>, had two wives, the Summer Maid, <a href="/wiki/Hine-raumati" class="mw-redirect" title="Hine-raumati">Hine-raumati</a>, and the Winter Maid, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hine-takurua&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hine-takurua (page does not exist)">Hine-takurua</a>. Haka originated in the coming of Hine-raumati, whose presence on still, hot days was revealed in a quivering appearance in the air. This was haka of <a href="/wiki/T%C4%81ne-rore" class="mw-redirect" title="Tāne-rore">Tāne-rore</a>, the son of Hine-raumati and Tama-nui-te-rā.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcLintock1966_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcLintock1966-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESimon201587_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESimon201587-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hyland comments that "[t]he haka is (and also represents) a natural phenomena [sic]; on hot summer days, the 'shimmering' atmospheric distortion of air emanating from the ground is personified as 'Te Haka a Tānerore'".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHyland201569_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHyland201569-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Types_and_functions">Types and functions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haka&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Types and functions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Haka includes various forms serving different ceremonial purposes. These functions include: </p> <ul><li>welcoming guests (<span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">haka pōwhiri</i></span>),</li> <li>fare-welling and mourning the deceased (<span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">waiata tangi</i></span>),</li> <li>giving advice or instructions (<span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">waiata tohutohu</i></span>),</li> <li>restoring self-respect (<span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">pātere</i></span>),</li> <li>intimidating adversaries (<span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">peruperu</i></span> – war dance),</li> <li>and transmitting social and political messages (<span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">haka taparahi, ngeri</i></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESimon201589_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESimon201589-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>The <span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">peruperu</i></span> is a war haka that uses weapons, while <span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">haka taparahi</i></span> is performed without weapons and is the more common ceremonial form. Other forms include: </p> <ul><li><span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">tūtū ngārahu</i></span> (similar to <span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">peruperu</i></span> but with sideways jumping),</li> <li><span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">whakatū waewae</i></span> (like <span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">peruperu</i></span> with no jumping),</li> <li><span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">manawa wera</i></span> (like <span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">ngeri</i></span> with no set actions, usually ceremonial and connected with death), and</li> <li><span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">kaioraora</i></span> (hatred or venting haka).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESimon201588_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESimon201588-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Performance_elements">Performance elements</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haka&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Performance elements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Various actions are employed in haka performance, including <a href="/wiki/Facial_expression" title="Facial expression">facial contortions</a> such as showing the whites of the eyes (<span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">pūkana</i></span>), and poking out the tongue (<span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">whetero</i></span>, performed by men only),<sup id="cite_ref-haka.co.nz_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-haka.co.nz-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a wide variety of vigorous body actions such as slapping the hands against the body and stomping of the feet. The body serves as the instrument and vessel of delivery, with the key aspect being the words and the message they contain.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESimon201589_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESimon201589-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="18th_and_19th_centuries">18th and 19th centuries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haka&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 18th and 19th centuries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MaoriWardance.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/MaoriWardance.jpg/280px-MaoriWardance.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/MaoriWardance.jpg/420px-MaoriWardance.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/MaoriWardance.jpg/560px-MaoriWardance.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1027" data-file-height="629" /></a><figcaption>19th-century illustration of a haka, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1890</span></figcaption></figure> <p>The earliest Europeans to witness haka described them as being "vigorous" and "ferocious".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith2014a_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith2014a-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Banks" title="Joseph Banks">Joseph Banks</a>, who accompanied <a href="/wiki/James_Cook" title="James Cook">James Cook</a> on his first voyage to New Zealand in 1769, later recorded: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The War Song and dance consists of Various contortions of the limbs during which the tongue is frequently thrust out incredibly far and the orbits of the eyes enlarged so much that a circle of white is distinctly seen round the Iris: in short nothing is omitted which can render a human shape frightful and deformed, which I suppose they think terrible.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKāretu1993a22_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKāretu1993a22-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>From their arrival in the early 19th century, Christian <a href="/wiki/Missionaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Missionaries">missionaries</a> tried to eradicate haka, along with other forms of Māori culture that they saw as conflicting with Christian beliefs and practice. <a href="/wiki/Henry_Williams_(missionary)" title="Henry Williams (missionary)">Henry Williams</a>, the leader of the <a href="/wiki/Church_Missionary_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Church Missionary Society">Church Missionary Society</a> mission in New Zealand, aimed to replace haka and traditional Māori chants (<span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi"><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_music#Waiata" title="Māori music">waiata</a></i></span>) with <a href="/wiki/Hymn" title="Hymn">hymns</a>. Missionaries also encouraged European harmonic singing as part of the process of conversion.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith2014a_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith2014a-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The use of haka in welcoming ceremonies for members of <a href="/wiki/British_royal_family" title="British royal family">British royal family</a> helped to improve its standing among Europeans. <a href="/wiki/Alfred,_Duke_of_Saxe-Coburg_and_Gotha" title="Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha">Prince Alfred</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Edinburgh" title="Duke of Edinburgh">Duke of Edinburgh</a>, was the first royal to visit New Zealand, in 1869.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Upon the Duke's arrival at the wharf in <a href="/wiki/Wellington" title="Wellington">Wellington</a>, he was greeted by a vigorous haka. The <i>Wellington Independent</i> reported, "The excitement of the Maoris becomes uncontrollable. They gesticulate, they dance, they throw their weapons wildly in the air, while they yell like fiends let loose. But all this fierce yelling is of the most friendly character. They are bidding the Duke welcome."<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_haka">Modern haka</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haka&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Modern haka"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Haka_for_Lord_Ranfurly_1904.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Haka_for_Lord_Ranfurly_1904.jpg/220px-Haka_for_Lord_Ranfurly_1904.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Haka_for_Lord_Ranfurly_1904.jpg/330px-Haka_for_Lord_Ranfurly_1904.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Haka_for_Lord_Ranfurly_1904.jpg/440px-Haka_for_Lord_Ranfurly_1904.jpg 2x" data-file-width="691" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>A group of men and women perform a haka for Governor <a href="/wiki/Lord_Ranfurly" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Ranfurly">Lord Ranfurly</a> at <a href="/wiki/Ruatoki" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruatoki">Ruatoki</a>, Bay of Plenty, 1904</figcaption></figure> <p>In modern times, various haka have been composed to be performed by women and even children. In some haka the men start the performance and women join in later.<sup id="cite_ref-haka.co.nz_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-haka.co.nz-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Haka are performed for various reasons: for welcoming distinguished guests, or to acknowledge great achievements, occasions or funerals. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/1888%E2%80%9389_New_Zealand_Native_football_team" title="1888–89 New Zealand Native football team">1888–89 New Zealand Native football team</a> began a tradition by performing haka during an international tour.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyan199346_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERyan199346-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The common use of haka by the national rugby union team before matches, beginning with <a href="/wiki/The_Original_All_Blacks" title="The Original All Blacks">The Original All Blacks</a> in 1905,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHunt2015_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHunt2015-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> has made one type of haka familiar.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:E_003261_E_Maoris_in_North_Africa_July_1941.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A squad of men kneel in the desert sand while performing a war dance" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/E_003261_E_Maoris_in_North_Africa_July_1941.jpg/220px-E_003261_E_Maoris_in_North_Africa_July_1941.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/E_003261_E_Maoris_in_North_Africa_July_1941.jpg/330px-E_003261_E_Maoris_in_North_Africa_July_1941.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/E_003261_E_Maoris_in_North_Africa_July_1941.jpg/440px-E_003261_E_Maoris_in_North_Africa_July_1941.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3040" data-file-height="2999" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_Battalion" title="Māori Battalion">Māori Battalion</a> haka in Egypt, 1941</figcaption></figure> <p>Some events have caused protests. The 1979 annual "haka party" parade at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Auckland" title="University of Auckland">University of Auckland</a> – in which engineering students persisted in parodying haka by painting male genitals on their body and performing with sexually obscene gestures – was disrupted by a collection of Māori and Pacific Island students (<span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">He Taua</i></span>, or The War Party) headed by <a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81_Tamatoa" title="Ngā Tamatoa">Ngā Tamatoa</a>, a prominent Māori activist group. For two decades people including Māori students at the university had asked the university and the engineering department to stop the tradition.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1979, the protesters included <a href="/wiki/Hone_Harawira" title="Hone Harawira">Hone Harawira</a>, later a <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of Parliament">Member of Parliament</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several of the engineering students were assaulted, and members of <span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">He Taua</i></span> were arrested.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWalker2004220–7_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalker2004220–7-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their court case in Auckland sparked anti-racism protests outside the courthouse and was supported by a range of people including the president of the Auckland University Students Association.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The choreographed dance and chant popularized around the world by the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_national_rugby_union_team" title="New Zealand national rugby union team">All Blacks</a> derives from "<a href="/wiki/Ka_Mate" title="Ka Mate">Ka Mate</a>",<sup id="cite_ref-teara_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-teara-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a brief haka previously intended for extemporaneous, non-synchronized performance, whose composition is attributed to <a href="/wiki/Te_Rauparaha" title="Te Rauparaha">Te Rauparaha</a> (1760s–1849), a war leader of the <a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Toa" title="Ngāti Toa">Ngāti Toa</a> tribe.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJacksonHokowhitu2002129_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJacksonHokowhitu2002129-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The "Ka Mate" haka is classified as a <span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">haka taparahi</i></span> – a ceremonial haka performed without weapons. "Ka Mate" is about the cunning ruse Te Rauparaha used to outwit his enemies, and may be interpreted as "a celebration of the triumph of life over death".<sup id="cite_ref-teara_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-teara-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Concerns were expressed that the authorship and significance of this haka to the Ngāti Toa were being lost and that it had "become the most performed, the most maligned, the most abused of all haka",<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKāretu1993b68_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKāretu1993b68-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was now "the most globally recognised form of <a href="/wiki/Cultural_appropriation" title="Cultural appropriation">cultural appropriation</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHokowhitu2014273_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHokowhitu2014273-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Specific legal challenges regarding the rights of the Ngāti Toa to be acknowledged as the authors and owners of "Ka Mate" were eventually settled in a Deed of Settlement between Ngāti Toa and the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Government" title="New Zealand Government">New Zealand Government</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Rugby_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="New Zealand Rugby Union">New Zealand Rugby Union</a> agreed in 2009 and signed in 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Spread_to_other_Austronesian_nation-states">Spread to other Austronesian nation-states</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haka&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Spread to other Austronesian nation-states"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Malay_College_Kuala_Kangsar" title="Malay College Kuala Kangsar">Malay College Kuala Kangsar</a>, a historically all-boys all-<a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Malays" title="Malaysian Malays">Malay</a> prestige boarding school in <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> adopted the haka for their own rugby team in admiration of the New Zealand All-Blacks' popularity in the 1970s under the tutelarship of Neil Jonathan Ryan.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In return, said college's cheer team developed their own cry in similar energy known as the <i>bungwak</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Neighbouring <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Singapore_Rugby_Union" title="Singapore Rugby Union">Rugby Union</a> in 2004 took on an attempt of collaborating with students all over the island to create a "Singapore Roar" inspired by the haka, even though the majority of <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Singapore" title="Demographics of Singapore">its demographic</a> is <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Singaporeans" title="Chinese Singaporeans">Chinese</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, a culture of doing the 'Haka-haka' or its more commonly known variation 'Yel-yel' exist and performed by groups such as <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_National_Armed_Forces" title="Indonesian National Armed Forces">military</a> personnel, <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_National_Police" title="Indonesian National Police">law enforcement</a>, civil servants, students, and others.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultural_influence">Cultural influence</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haka&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Cultural influence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Haka_in_sports" title="Haka in sports">Haka in sports</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kapa_haka" title="Kapa haka">Kapa haka</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Maori_dancers.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Maori_dancers.jpg/220px-Maori_dancers.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Maori_dancers.jpg/330px-Maori_dancers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Maori_dancers.jpg/440px-Maori_dancers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3504" data-file-height="2332" /></a><figcaption>A performance by the Kahurangi Māori Dance group, United States.</figcaption></figure> <p>In the 21st century, kapa haka has been offered as a subject in universities, including the study of haka, and is practiced in schools and military institutions.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith2014b_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith2014b-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition to the national <a href="/wiki/Te_Matatini" title="Te Matatini">Te Matatini</a> ("many faces") festival,<sup id="cite_ref-DANZ_Quarterly_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DANZ_Quarterly-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> local and regional competitions attract dozens of teams and thousands of spectators.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith2014b_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith2014b-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The All Blacks' use of haka has become the most widely known, but several other New Zealand sports teams now perform haka before commencing a game. These include the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_national_rugby_league_team" title="New Zealand national rugby league team">national rugby league team</a> ("the Kiwis"),<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_men%27s_national_basketball_team" title="New Zealand men's national basketball team">men's national basketball team</a> ("Tall Blacks").<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the lead up to the <a href="/wiki/Rugby_World_Cup" title="Rugby World Cup">Rugby World Cup</a> in 2011, <a href="/wiki/Flashmob" class="mw-redirect" title="Flashmob">flashmob</a> haka became a popular way of expressing support for the All Blacks. Some Māori leaders thought it was "inappropriate" and a "bastardisation" of haka.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sizeable flashmob haka were performed in Wellington<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Auckland,<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as London, which has a large New Zealander immigrant community.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The music video for the song "<a href="/wiki/Poi_E" title="Poi E">Poi E</a>" (1983) by the <a href="/wiki/P%C4%81tea_M%C4%81ori_Club" title="Pātea Māori Club">Pātea Māori Club</a>, written by <a href="/wiki/Dalvanius_Prime" title="Dalvanius Prime">Dalvanius Prime</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ngoi_P%C4%93whairangi" title="Ngoi Pēwhairangi">Ngoi Pēwhairangi</a>, used a mixture of kapa haka and <a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_dance" title="Hip hop dance">hip-hop</a> choreography. This was then mixed with moves from <a href="/wiki/Michael_Jackson%27s_Thriller_(music_video)" title="Michael Jackson's Thriller (music video)">Michael Jackson's Thriller music video</a> as the outro song parody for <a href="/wiki/Taika_Waititi" title="Taika Waititi">Taika Waititi's</a> movie <a href="/wiki/Boy_(2010_film)" title="Boy (2010 film)"><i>Boy</i> (2010)</a><i>.</i><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In November 2012, a Māori kapa haka group from <a href="/wiki/Rotorua" title="Rotorua">Rotorua</a> performed a version of the "<a href="/wiki/Gangnam_Style" title="Gangnam Style">Gangnam Style</a>" dance mixed with a traditional haka in <a href="/wiki/Seoul" title="Seoul">Seoul</a>, celebrating 50 years of diplomatic relations between South Korea and New Zealand.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 7 December 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/2014_Roller_Derby_World_Cup" title="2014 Roller Derby World Cup">2014 Roller Derby World Cup</a> in <a href="/wiki/Dallas" title="Dallas">Dallas</a>, Texas, <a href="/wiki/Aotearoa_Roller_Derby" class="mw-redirect" title="Aotearoa Roller Derby">Team New Zealand</a> performed a haka on roller skates to the <a href="/wiki/Team_Australia_(roller_derby)" title="Team Australia (roller derby)">Australian Roller Derby team</a> before their bout in the quarter-finals.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Team New Zealand performed a haka before their debut game against <a href="/wiki/USA_Roller_Derby" title="USA Roller Derby">Team USA</a> at the <a href="/wiki/2011_Roller_Derby_World_Cup" title="2011 Roller Derby World Cup">2011 Roller Derby World Cup</a>, on 1 December 2011; however, it was unexpected and the arena music was still playing. It has since become an expected tradition.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2017, actor <a href="/wiki/Dwayne_Johnson" title="Dwayne Johnson">Dwayne Johnson</a> performed a haka with a girls soccer team in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Fate_of_the_Furious" title="The Fate of the Furious">The Fate of the Furious</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Actor <a href="/wiki/Jason_Momoa" title="Jason Momoa">Jason Momoa</a> performed a haka with a group of performers on the red carpet at the <i><a href="/wiki/Aquaman_(film)" title="Aquaman (film)">Aquaman</a></i> premiere in Los Angeles in 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In March 2019, following the <a href="/wiki/Christchurch_mosque_shootings" title="Christchurch mosque shootings">Christchurch mosque shootings</a>, school pupils and other groups performed haka to honour those killed in the attacks.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The choreography in the "<a href="/wiki/Cl%C3%A9_1:_Miroh#Track_listing" title="Clé 1: Miroh">Miroh</a>" music video by South Korean boy band <a href="/wiki/Stray_Kids" title="Stray Kids">Stray Kids</a> featured haka elements.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Three or four <a href="/wiki/Haka_performed_by_non-New_Zealand_sports_teams" title="Haka performed by non-New Zealand sports teams">American football teams are known to perform haka</a> as a pregame rite. This appears to have begun at <a href="/wiki/Kahuku_High_%26_Intermediate_School" title="Kahuku High & Intermediate School">Kahuku High School</a> where both the student body and local community includes many Polynesian Hawaiians, Māori, Samoans, Tahitians, and Tongans. The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Hawaii_at_Manoa" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Hawaii at Manoa">University of Hawaii</a> <a href="/wiki/Hawaii_Rainbow_Warriors_football" title="Hawaii Rainbow Warriors football">Rainbow Warriors football team</a> also adopted haka as a pregame rite <a href="/wiki/2006_Hawaii_Warriors_football_team" title="2006 Hawaii Warriors football team">during the 2006 season</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the practice has spread to a number of other teams overseas; there has, however, been some criticism of this as inappropriate and disrespectful.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Non-traditional or inaccurate haka performances have been criticised by Māori academics, such as Morgan Godfery.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 2024, thousands gathered in <a href="/wiki/Eden_Park" title="Eden Park">Eden Park</a> in Auckland to break the record of the largest haka performance. France held the previous official world record since 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 14 November 2024, MP <a href="/wiki/Hana-Rawhiti_Maipi-Clarke" title="Hana-Rawhiti Maipi-Clarke">Hana-Rawhiti Maipi-Clarke</a> led a haka inside the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Parliament" title="New Zealand Parliament">New Zealand Parliament</a> to protest the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_Principles_Bill" title="Treaty Principles Bill">Treaty Principles Bill</a>, joined by <a href="/wiki/Debbie_Ngarewa-Packer" title="Debbie Ngarewa-Packer">Debbie Ngarewa-Packer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rawiri_Waititi" title="Rawiri Waititi">Rawiri Waititi</a>, and other MPs. Debate was temporarily paused and the house voted to suspend Maipi-Clarke.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haka&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/32px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/48px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/64px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:New_Zealand" title="Portal:New Zealand">New Zealand portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_music" title="Māori music">Māori music</a></li></ul> <p><b>Similar dances</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cibi" title="Cibi">Cibi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoko_(dance)" title="Hoko (dance)">Hoko (dance)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hula" title="Hula">Hula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kailao" title="Kailao">Kailao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sagayan" title="Sagayan">Sagayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siva_Tau" title="Siva Tau">Siva Tau</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haka&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Inline_citations">Inline citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haka&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Inline citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/haka">"Haka | English meaning"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Advanced_Learner%27s_Dictionary" title="Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary">Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oxford+Advanced+Learner%27s+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Haka+%7C+English+meaning&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com%2Fdefinition%2Fenglish%2Fhaka&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/haka">"haka noun"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Dictionary" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambridge Dictionary">Cambridge Dictionary</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cambridge+Dictionary&rft.atitle=haka+noun&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdictionary.cambridge.org%2Fdictionary%2Fenglish%2Fhaka&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Definition-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Definition_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Definition_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://maoridictionary.co.nz/search?idiom=&phrase=&proverb=&loan=&histLoanWords=&keywords=haka">"haka – Māori Dictionary"</a>. <i>Te Aka Māori Dictionary</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 June</span> 2021</span>. <q>...vigorous dances with actions and rhythmically shouted words. A general term for several types of such dances.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Te+Aka+M%C4%81ori+Dictionary&rft.atitle=haka+%E2%80%93+M%C4%81ori+Dictionary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmaoridictionary.co.nz%2Fsearch%3Fidiom%3D%26phrase%3D%26proverb%3D%26loan%3D%26histLoanWords%3D%26keywords%3Dhaka&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/art/haka">"Haka, Maori dance"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Haka%2C+Maori+dance&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fart%2Fhaka&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-haka.co.nz-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-haka.co.nz_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-haka.co.nz_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-haka.co.nz_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110720050544/http://www.haka.co.nz/haka.php">"Haka!"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haka.co.nz/haka.php">the original</a> on 20 July 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Haka%21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haka.co.nz%2Fhaka.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESimon2015-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESimon2015_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSimon2015">Simon 2015</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPatrick2017" class="citation news cs1">Patrick, Alice (21 November 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.schoolnews.co.nz/2017/11/kapa-haka-in-mainstream-schools-affirming-maori-students-as-maori/">"Kapa haka in mainstream schools – Affirming Māori students as Māori | School News – New Zealand"</a>. <i>SchoolNews</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SchoolNews&rft.atitle=Kapa+haka+in+mainstream+schools+%E2%80%93+Affirming+M%C4%81ori+students+as+M%C4%81ori+%7C+School+News+%E2%80%93+New+Zealand&rft.date=2017-11-21&rft.aulast=Patrick&rft.aufirst=Alice&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.schoolnews.co.nz%2F2017%2F11%2Fkapa-haka-in-mainstream-schools-affirming-maori-students-as-maori%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DANZ_Quarterly-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DANZ_Quarterly_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DANZ_Quarterly_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180920195353/http://cdn-flightdec.userfirst.co.nz/uploads/sites/danz/files/DANZ%20Magazine/The_Evolution_of_Kapa_Haka.pdf">"Te Matatini – The Evolution of Kapa Haka"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>DANZ Quarterly</i>. No. 24. 2011. p. 6. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cdn-flightdec.userfirst.co.nz/uploads/sites/danz/files/DANZ%20Magazine/The_Evolution_of_Kapa_Haka.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 20 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=DANZ+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Te+Matatini+%E2%80%93+The+Evolution+of+Kapa+Haka&rft.issue=24&rft.pages=6&rft.date=2011&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcdn-flightdec.userfirst.co.nz%2Fuploads%2Fsites%2Fdanz%2Ffiles%2FDANZ%2520Magazine%2FThe_Evolution_of_Kapa_Haka.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHunt2015-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHunt2015_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHunt2015_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHunt2015">Hunt 2015</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESimon201588-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESimon201588_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESimon201588_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSimon2015">Simon 2015</a>, p. 88.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHokowhitu2014273-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHokowhitu2014273_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHokowhitu2014273_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHokowhitu2014">Hokowhitu 2014</a>, p. 273.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKāretu1993b37-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKāretu1993b37_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKāretu1993b">Kāretu 1993b</a>, p. 37.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/commentisfree/2020/jan/23/the-haka-isnt-yours-stop-performing-it">"The haka isn't yours – stop performing it | Morgan Godfery"</a>. <i>the Guardian</i>. 23 January 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=the+Guardian&rft.atitle=The+haka+isn%27t+yours+%E2%80%93+stop+performing+it+%7C+Morgan+Godfery&rft.date=2020-01-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2Fcommentisfree%2F2020%2Fjan%2F23%2Fthe-haka-isnt-yours-stop-performing-it&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://maoridictionary.co.nz/word/2215">"kapa"</a>. Te Aka Māori Dictionary<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=kapa&rft.pub=Te+Aka+M%C4%81ori+Dictionary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmaoridictionary.co.nz%2Fword%2F2215&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dictionary-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dictionary_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thefreedictionary.com/haka">"haka"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Free_Dictionary" title="The Free Dictionary">The Free Dictionary</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Free+Dictionary&rft.atitle=haka&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thefreedictionary.com%2Fhaka&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180625075824/http://www.themaori.com/maori-haka">"Haka – Ka Mate"</a>. <i>www.themaori.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.themaori.com/maori-haka">the original</a> on 25 June 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.themaori.com&rft.atitle=Haka+%E2%80%93+Ka+Mate&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.themaori.com%2Fmaori-haka&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESimon201589-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESimon201589_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESimon201589_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESimon201589_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSimon2015">Simon 2015</a>, p. 89.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcLintock1966-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcLintock1966_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcLintock1966">McLintock 1966</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESimon201587-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESimon201587_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSimon2015">Simon 2015</a>, p. 87.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHyland201569-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHyland201569_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHyland2015">Hyland 2015</a>, p. 69.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith2014a-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith2014a_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith2014a_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSmith2014a">Smith 2014a</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKāretu1993a22-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKāretu1993a22_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKāretu1993a">Kāretu 1993a</a>, p. 22.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nzhistory.govt.nz/page/new-zealands-first-royal-visit">"New Zealand's first royal visit"</a>. <i>nzhistory.govt.nz</i>. <a href="/wiki/Ministry_for_Culture_and_Heritage" title="Ministry for Culture and Heritage">Ministry for Culture and Heritage</a>. 9 December 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nzhistory.govt.nz&rft.atitle=New+Zealand%27s+first+royal+visit&rft.date=2016-12-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnzhistory.govt.nz%2Fpage%2Fnew-zealands-first-royal-visit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=WI18690413.2.11.1">13 April 1869</a>, <i>Wellington Independent</i>, p. 3. Retrieved on 25 June 2018.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eng.kiamau.tki.org.nz/Multimedia/Company-A/The-role-of-women-in-the-traditional-use-of-the-haka-Ka-Eke-i-te-Wiwi">"The role of women in the traditional use of the haka Ka Eke i te Wiwī"</a>. <i>eng.kiamau.tki.org.nz</i>. Te Kete Ipurangi<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=eng.kiamau.tki.org.nz&rft.atitle=The+role+of+women+in+the+traditional+use+of+the+haka+Ka+Eke+i+te+Wiw%C4%AB&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feng.kiamau.tki.org.nz%2FMultimedia%2FCompany-A%2FThe-role-of-women-in-the-traditional-use-of-the-haka-Ka-Eke-i-te-Wiwi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERyan199346-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyan199346_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRyan1993">Ryan 1993</a>, p. 46.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://media.newzealand.com/en/story-ideas/history-of-the-all-black-haka/">"History of the All Black haka"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Tourism_New_Zealand" title="Tourism New Zealand">Tourism New Zealand</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+the+All+Black+haka&rft.pub=Tourism+New+Zealand&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.newzealand.com%2Fen%2Fstory-ideas%2Fhistory-of-the-all-black-haka%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeane2017" class="citation web cs1">Keane, Basil (1 June 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://teara.govt.nz/en/photograph/32014/engineers-haka-1955">"Engineers' haka, 1955"</a>. <i>New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage Te Manatu Taonga</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+Zealand+Ministry+for+Culture+and+Heritage+Te+Manatu+Taonga&rft.atitle=Engineers%27+haka%2C+1955&rft.date=2017-06-01&rft.aulast=Keane&rft.aufirst=Basil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fteara.govt.nz%2Fen%2Fphotograph%2F32014%2Fengineers-haka-1955&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDay2017" class="citation news cs1">Day, Simon (17 October 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thespinoff.co.nz/atea/17-10-2017/mocking-the-haka-the-haka-party-incident-and-casual-racism-in-new-zealand/">"Mocking the haka: The Haka Party Incident and 'casual' racism in New Zealand"</a>. <i>The Spinoff</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Spinoff&rft.atitle=Mocking+the+haka%3A+The+Haka+Party+Incident+and+%27casual%27+racism+in+New+Zealand&rft.date=2017-10-17&rft.aulast=Day&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthespinoff.co.nz%2Fatea%2F17-10-2017%2Fmocking-the-haka-the-haka-party-incident-and-casual-racism-in-new-zealand%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTahana2009" class="citation news cs1">Tahana, Yvonne (2 May 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10569951">"Haka brawl rivals unite to remember"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Zealand_Herald" title="The New Zealand Herald">The New Zealand Herald</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Zealand+Herald&rft.atitle=Haka+brawl+rivals+unite+to+remember&rft.date=2009-05-02&rft.aulast=Tahana&rft.aufirst=Yvonne&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzherald.co.nz%2Fnz%2Fnews%2Farticle.cfm%3Fc_id%3D1%26objectid%3D10569951&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalker2004220–7-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWalker2004220–7_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWalker2004">Walker 2004</a>, p. 220–7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mananews.co.nz/wp/?p=10947">"Support He Taua"</a>. <i>Mana News</i>. 30 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mana+News&rft.atitle=Support+He+Taua&rft.date=2021-03-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmananews.co.nz%2Fwp%2F%3Fp%3D10947&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-teara-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-teara_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-teara_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbbot" class="citation web cs1">Abbot, Edward Immyns. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://teara.govt.nz/en/music/3918/chant-composed-by-te-rauparaha">"Chant composed by Te Rauparaha"</a>. <i>teara.govt.nz</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=teara.govt.nz&rft.atitle=Chant+composed+by+Te+Rauparaha&rft.aulast=Abbot&rft.aufirst=Edward+Immyns&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fteara.govt.nz%2Fen%2Fmusic%2F3918%2Fchant-composed-by-te-rauparaha&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJacksonHokowhitu2002129-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJacksonHokowhitu2002129_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJacksonHokowhitu2002">Jackson & Hokowhitu 2002</a>, p. 129.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKāretu1993b68-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKāretu1993b68_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKāretu1993b">Kāretu 1993b</a>, p. 68.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/7882775.stm">"New Zealand Maori win haka fight"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 11 February 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=New+Zealand+Maori+win+haka+fight&rft.date=2009-02-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fworld%2Fasia-pacific%2F7882775.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.govt.nz/browse/history-culture-and-heritage/treaty-settlements/find-a-treaty-settlement/ngati-toa-rangatira/">"Link to Ngāti Toa Rangātira Deed of Settlement documents"</a>. <i>New Zealand Government</i>. 7 December 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+Zealand+Government&rft.atitle=Link+to+Ng%C4%81ti+Toa+Rang%C4%81tira+Deed+of+Settlement+documents&rft.date=2012-12-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.govt.nz%2Fbrowse%2Fhistory-culture-and-heritage%2Ftreaty-settlements%2Ffind-a-treaty-settlement%2Fngati-toa-rangatira%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSyed_Nazri2005" class="citation news cs1">Syed Nazri (3 April 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5KktAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA55">"Preserving a bastion as MCKK hits a century"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_Straits_Times" title="New Straits Times">New Straits Times</a></i>. p. 55.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Straits+Times&rft.atitle=Preserving+a+bastion+as+MCKK+hits+a+century&rft.pages=55&rft.date=2005-04-03&rft.au=Syed+Nazri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5KktAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3DPA55&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHisham_Badrul_Hashim2017" class="citation web cs1">Hisham Badrul Hashim (12 May 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://berita.mcoba.org/2017/05/12/the-team-that-could-and-inspired-others-a-ryans-legacy/">"The team that could and inspired others: A Ryan's Legacy"</a>. <i>Berita MCOBA</i>. The Malay College Old Boys Association. <q>Nicknamed 'All-Blacks' after the New Zealand national team for its all black strip, though the team only performed the own Haka before matches in the 80's (though it was believed that there was an attempt to create their own Haka by Joe Baker (C'66) which then turned to be the war cry 'Bung Wak' of the cheering squad that accompanied the team in matches).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Berita+MCOBA&rft.atitle=The+team+that+could+and+inspired+others%3A+A+Ryan%27s+Legacy&rft.date=2017-05-12&rft.au=Hisham+Badrul+Hashim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fberita.mcoba.org%2F2017%2F05%2F12%2Fthe-team-that-could-and-inspired-others-a-ryans-legacy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaka" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHisham_Badrul_Hashim2020" class="citation web cs1">Hisham Badrul Hashim (25 March 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://berita.mcoba.org/2020/03/25/the-origin-of-the-mckk-war-battle-cry-bungwak/">"The origin of the Bungwak"</a>. <i>ibid</i>. <q>Rugby was THE game in MCKK even then and the New Zealand All Blacks were everybody's favourite team, and their hakka [<i><a href="/wiki/Sic" title="Sic">sic</a></i>] was thus imitated. We had among us several rugby players and Joe Bake [<i>sic</i>] (Abu Bakar Awang Ngah) introduced the <i>hakka</i> [<i>sic</i>] idea for the rugby team. Khalid Hassan and Bahar Mansor took the initiative to 'compose' our version of the <i>hakka</i> [<i>sic</i>], producing the FFS War Cry for our team to perform before the start of the game and the supporters to do it from the stands.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ibid.&rft.atitle=The+origin+of+the+Bungwak&rft.date=2020-03-25&rft.au=Hisham+Badrul+Hashim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fberita.mcoba.org%2F2020%2F03%2F25%2Fthe-origin-of-the-mckk-war-battle-cry-bungwak%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaka" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKoh_Wei_Ling2004" class="citation news cs1">Koh Wei Ling (28 February 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/today20040228-1.2.39.2">"What's the Singapore Roar?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Today_(Singapore_newspaper)" class="mw-redirect" title="Today (Singapore newspaper)">Today</a></i>. p. 28.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Today&rft.atitle=What%27s+the+Singapore+Roar%3F&rft.pages=28&rft.date=2004-02-28&rft.au=Koh+Wei+Ling&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feresources.nlb.gov.sg%2Fnewspapers%2Fdigitised%2Farticle%2Ftoday20040228-1.2.39.2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tni.mil.id/view-231284-lomba-beladiri-chadrick-dan-haka-haka-tingkat-pasmar-1-resmi-dibuka.html">"Lomba Beladiri Chadrick Dan Haka Haka Tingkat Pasmar 1 Resmi Dibuka"</a> [Chadrick Martial Arts and Haka Haka Competition at 1st Marine Force is Officially Opened]. <i>Tentara Nasional Indonesia</i>. 22 September 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tentara+Nasional+Indonesia&rft.atitle=Lomba+Beladiri+Chadrick+Dan+Haka+Haka+Tingkat+Pasmar+1+Resmi+Dibuka&rft.date=2023-09-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftni.mil.id%2Fview-231284-lomba-beladiri-chadrick-dan-haka-haka-tingkat-pasmar-1-resmi-dibuka.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.detik.com/berita/d-2711553/serma-asep-ciptakan-haka-haka-khusus-untuk-hut-tni">"Serma Asep Ciptakan 'Haka Haka' Khusus untuk HUT TNI"</a> [Sergeant Major Asep Creates 'Haka Haka' Specially for TNI Anniversary]. <i>detiknews</i> (in Indonesian). Surabaya. 7 October 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 November</span> 2023</span>. <q>Itu haka haka yang kita lakukan tadi. Bukan yel yel, Itu yang dilakukan para pejuang Selandia Baru sebelum bertempur selalu melakukan haka haka agar musuh takut lebih dulu.</q> [That's the haka haka we did earlier. Not yel-yel, that's what New Zealand fighters always do before fighting, so that the enemy is afraid first.]</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=detiknews&rft.atitle=Serma+Asep+Ciptakan+%27Haka+Haka%27+Khusus+untuk+HUT+TNI&rft.date=2014-10-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.detik.com%2Fberita%2Fd-2711553%2Fserma-asep-ciptakan-haka-haka-khusus-untuk-hut-tni&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTNI2013" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">TNI, Puspen (24 April 2013), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Widk3BVIG5E"><i>Atraksi Haka-Haka dari Wan TNI (Part 1)</i></a> [<i>Haka-Haka Attraction from TNI Women (Part 1)</i>] (in Indonesian), National Monument, Jakarta<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 November</span> 2023</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Atraksi+Haka-Haka+dari+Wan+TNI+%28Part+1%29&rft.place=National+Monument%2C+Jakarta&rft.date=2013-04-24&rft.aulast=TNI&rft.aufirst=Puspen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DWidk3BVIG5E&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaka" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Citation" title="Template:Citation">citation</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith2014b-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith2014b_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith2014b_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSmith2014b">Smith 2014b</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurgess2018" class="citation news cs1">Burgess, Michael (31 October 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzherald.co.nz/sport/news/article.cfm?c_id=4&objectid=12151955">"Rugby League: Kiwis perform haka for Liverpool football players"</a>. <i>The New Zealand Herald</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=3+News+NZ&rft.atitle=Wellington+haka+attracts+hundreds&rft.date=2011-09-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.3news.co.nz%2FWellington-haka-attracts-hundreds%2Ftabid%2F423%2FarticleID%2F225039%2FDefault.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.3news.co.nz/Flash-mob-haka-on-Aucklands-Queen-Street-ahead-of-RWC-opener-All-Blacks-vs-Tonga/tabid/317/articleID/225146/Default.aspx">"Flash mob haka on Auckland's Queen Street ahead of RWC opener All Blacks vs Tonga"</a>. <i>3 News NZ</i>. 9 September 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=3+News+NZ&rft.atitle=Flash+mob+haka+on+Auckland%27s+Queen+Street+ahead+of+RWC+opener+All+Blacks+vs+Tonga&rft.date=2011-09-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.3news.co.nz%2FFlash-mob-haka-on-Aucklands-Queen-Street-ahead-of-RWC-opener-All-Blacks-vs-Tonga%2Ftabid%2F317%2FarticleID%2F225146%2FDefault.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140821051232/http://www.3news.co.nz/Flashmob-haka-takes-over-Trafalgar-Square/tabid/417/articleID/277172/Default.aspx">"Flashmob haka takes over Trafalgar Square"</a>. <i>3 News NZ</i>. 19 November 2011. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=3+News&rft.atitle=Maori+take+on+Gangnam+Style+in+Korea&rft.date=2012-11-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.3news.co.nz%2FMaori-take-on-Gangnam-Style-in-Korea%2Ftabid%2F418%2FarticleID%2F278704%2FDefault.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.facebook.com/video.php?v=953038331390867&pnref=story">"Team New Zealand vs Team Australia Haka"</a>. <i>Blood and Thunder World Cup Official Facebook</i>. 7 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Blood+and+Thunder+World+Cup+Official+Facebook&rft.atitle=Team+New+Zealand+vs+Team+Australia+Haka&rft.date=2014-12-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2Fvideo.php%3Fv%3D953038331390867%26pnref%3Dstory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fGSrnpuLnNg">"Team New Zealand Haka"</a>. <i>Blood and Thunder World Cup Official Youtube</i>. 1 December 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211113/fGSrnpuLnNg">Archived</a> from the original on 13 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Blood+and+Thunder+World+Cup+Official+Youtube&rft.atitle=Team+New+Zealand+Haka&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DfGSrnpuLnNg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/fate-furious-dwayne-johnson-explains-soccer-haka-scene-121526205.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'The Fate of the Furious': Dwayne Johnson Explains That Soccer Haka Scene"</a>. <i>Yahoo Entertainment</i>. 18 April 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=Jason+Momoa+Performs+Haka+at+the+%27Aquaman%27+Premiere&rft.date=2018-12-13&rft.aulast=Woerner&rft.aufirst=Meredith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvariety.com%2Fvideo%2Fjason-momoa-haka-aquaman-premiere%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8UOmhK3rqE8"><i><span></span>'AQUAMAN' Los Angeles Premiere LiveStream (december 12, 2018) — Warner Bros. Pictures</i></a>, 13 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 March</span> 2024</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%27AQUAMAN%27+Los+Angeles+Premiere+LiveStream+%28december+12%2C+2018%29+%E2%80%94+Warner+Bros.+Pictures&rft.date=2018-12-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D8UOmhK3rqE8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHassanTamkin2019" class="citation news cs1">Hassan, Jennifer; Tamkin, Emily (18 March 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2019/03/18/power-haka-new-zealanders-pay-traditional-tribute-mosque-attack-victims/">"The power of the haka: New Zealanders pay traditional tribute to mosque attack victims"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=The+power+of+the+haka%3A+New+Zealanders+pay+traditional+tribute+to+mosque+attack+victims&rft.date=2019-03-18&rft.aulast=Hassan&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft.au=Tamkin%2C+Emily&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2F2019%2F03%2F18%2Fpower-haka-new-zealanders-pay-traditional-tribute-mosque-attack-victims%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBell2019" class="citation web cs1">Bell, Crystal (25 March 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190327130415/http://www.mtv.com/news/3118119/stray-kids-miroh-music-video/">"Stray Kids Are Back And Bolder Than Ever With Celebratory New Single 'MIROH'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>MTV News</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mtv.com/news/3118119/stray-kids-miroh-music-video/">the original</a> on 27 March 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MTV+News&rft.atitle=Stray+Kids+Are+Back+And+Bolder+Than+Ever+With+Celebratory+New+Single+%27MIROH%27&rft.date=2019-03-25&rft.aulast=Bell&rft.aufirst=Crystal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mtv.com%2Fnews%2F3118119%2Fstray-kids-miroh-music-video%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7qdGX-0NWIY">"2006 Hawaii Bowl UH over ASU – UH Haka"</a>. <i>YouTube</i>. 26 December 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211113/7qdGX-0NWIY">Archived</a> from the original on 13 November 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=2006+Hawaii+Bowl+UH+over+ASU+%E2%80%93+UH+Haka&rft.date=2006-12-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D7qdGX-0NWIY&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSygall2015" class="citation web cs1">Sygall, David (1 October 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smh.com.au/sport/rugby-union/new-zealanders-outraged-over-awkward-haka-performed-by-arizona-wildcats-college-football-team-20151001-gjypbn.html">"New Zealanders outraged over awkward haka performed by Arizona Wildcats college football team"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sydney_Morning_Herald" title="The Sydney Morning Herald">The Sydney Morning Herald</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Sydney+Morning+Herald&rft.atitle=New+Zealanders+outraged+over+awkward+haka+performed+by+Arizona+Wildcats+college+football+team&rft.date=2015-10-01&rft.aulast=Sygall&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smh.com.au%2Fsport%2Frugby-union%2Fnew-zealanders-outraged-over-awkward-haka-performed-by-arizona-wildcats-college-football-team-20151001-gjypbn.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarpenter2015" class="citation news cs1">Carpenter, Cam (28 September 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzherald.co.nz/sport/news/article.cfm?c_id=4&objectid=11520336">"Mixed reaction to an American haka"</a>. <i>The New Zealand Herald</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1170-0777">1170-0777</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Zealand+Herald&rft.atitle=Mixed+reaction+to+an+American+haka&rft.date=2015-09-28&rft.issn=1170-0777&rft.aulast=Carpenter&rft.aufirst=Cam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzherald.co.nz%2Fsport%2Fnews%2Farticle.cfm%3Fc_id%3D4%26objectid%3D11520336&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dw.com/en/new-zealand-reclaims-the-world-record-for-the-largest-haka/a-70367212">"New Zealand reclaims the world record for the largest haka – DW – 09/30/2024"</a>. <i>dw.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=dw.com&rft.atitle=New+Zealand+reclaims+the+world+record+for+the+largest+haka+%E2%80%93+DW+%E2%80%93+09%2F30%2F2024&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Fnew-zealand-reclaims-the-world-record-for-the-largest-haka%2Fa-70367212&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEnsor2024" class="citation news cs1">Ensor, Jamie (14 November 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/politics/treaty-principles-bill-vote-how-the-fiery-debate-led-to-mp-being-suspended-another-kicked-out/YEKW77R555FWXIGVJLV2HS3VSY/">"Treaty Principles Bill vote: How the fiery debate led to MP being suspended, another kicked out"</a>. <i>The New Zealand Herald</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Zealand+Herald&rft.atitle=Treaty+Principles+Bill+vote%3A+How+the+fiery+debate+led+to+MP+being+suspended%2C+another+kicked+out&rft.date=2024-11-14&rft.aulast=Ensor&rft.aufirst=Jamie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzherald.co.nz%2Fnz%2Fpolitics%2Ftreaty-principles-bill-vote-how-the-fiery-debate-led-to-mp-being-suspended-another-kicked-out%2FYEKW77R555FWXIGVJLV2HS3VSY%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General_references">General references</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haka&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: General references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHartigan2011" class="citation journal cs1">Hartigan, Ryan (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/289801003">"Embarrassing Time, Performing Disunity: Rugby, the haka, and Aotearoa – New Zealand in the United Kingdom"</a>. <i>Performance Research</i>. <b>16</b> (2). Taylor & Francis: 37–43. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F13528165.2011.578728">10.1080/13528165.2011.578728</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:194059694">194059694</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Performance+Research&rft.atitle=Embarrassing+Time%2C+Performing+Disunity%3A+Rugby%2C+the+haka%2C+and+Aotearoa+%E2%80%93+New+Zealand+in+the+United+Kingdom&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=37-43&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F13528165.2011.578728&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A194059694%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Hartigan&rft.aufirst=Ryan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F289801003&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaka" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHokowhitu2014" class="citation book cs1">Hokowhitu, Brendan (2014). Graham, Laura (ed.). <i>Haka: Colonised Physicality, Body-Logic, and Embodied Sovereignty</i>. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2Fj.ctt1d9nmw6">10.2307/j.ctt1d9nmw6</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8032-7415-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8032-7415-0"><bdi>978-0-8032-7415-0</bdi></a> – via Performing Indigeneity: Global Histories and Contemporary Experiences.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Haka%3A+Colonised+Physicality%2C+Body-Logic%2C+and+Embodied+Sovereignty&rft.place=Lincoln%2C+NE&rft.pub=University+of+Nebraska+Press&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2Fj.ctt1d9nmw6&rft.isbn=978-0-8032-7415-0&rft.aulast=Hokowhitu&rft.aufirst=Brendan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaka" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHunt2015" class="citation news cs1">Hunt, Tom (19 September 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stuff.co.nz/dominion-post/news/72095840/Flashback-The-All-Blacks-perform-haka-for-the-first-time">"Flashback: The All Blacks perform haka for the first time"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Dominion_Post_(New_Zealand)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Dominion Post (New Zealand)">The Dominion Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 May</span> 2017</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Stuff.co.nz" class="mw-redirect" title="Stuff.co.nz">Stuff.co.nz</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Dominion+Post&rft.atitle=Flashback%3A+The+All+Blacks+perform+haka+for+the+first+time&rft.date=2015-09-19&rft.aulast=Hunt&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stuff.co.nz%2Fdominion-post%2Fnews%2F72095840%2FFlashback-The-All-Blacks-perform-haka-for-the-first-time&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaka" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHyland2015" class="citation journal cs1">Hyland, Nicola (March 2015). "Beyoncé's Response (eh?): Feeling the <i>Ihi</i> of Spontaneous Haka Performance in Aotearoa/New Zealand". <i>TDR/The Drama Review</i>. <b>59</b> (1): 67–82. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1162%2FDRAM_a_00429">10.1162/DRAM_a_00429</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:57567727">57567727</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=TDR%2FThe+Drama+Review&rft.atitle=Beyonc%C3%A9%27s+Response+%28eh%3F%29%3A+Feeling+the+Ihi+of+Spontaneous+Haka+Performance+in+Aotearoa%2FNew+Zealand&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=67-82&rft.date=2015-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1162%2FDRAM_a_00429&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A57567727%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Hyland&rft.aufirst=Nicola&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaka" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJacksonHokowhitu2002" class="citation journal cs1">Jackson, Steven J.; Hokowhitu, Brendan (2002). "Sport, Tribes, and Technology". <i>Journal of Sport and Social Issues</i>. <b>26</b> (2): 125–39. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0193723502262002">10.1177/0193723502262002</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144368028">144368028</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Sport+and+Social+Issues&rft.atitle=Sport%2C+Tribes%2C+and+Technology&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=125-39&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F0193723502262002&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144368028%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=Steven+J.&rft.au=Hokowhitu%2C+Brendan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaka" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKāretu1993a" class="citation book cs1">Kāretu, Tīmoti (1993a). <i>Haka!: Te Tohu O Te Whenua Rangatira</i>. Auckland: Reed. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7900-0290-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7900-0290-3"><bdi>978-0-7900-0290-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Haka%21%3A+Te+Tohu+O+Te+Whenua+Rangatira&rft.place=Auckland&rft.pub=Reed&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-7900-0290-3&rft.aulast=K%C4%81retu&rft.aufirst=T%C4%ABmoti&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaka" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKāretu1993b" class="citation book cs1">Kāretu, Timoti (1993b). <i>Haka: Dance of the Noble People</i>. Auckland: Reed.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Haka%3A+Dance+of+the+Noble+People&rft.place=Auckland&rft.pub=Reed&rft.date=1993&rft.aulast=K%C4%81retu&rft.aufirst=Timoti&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaka" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMatthews2004" class="citation journal cs1">Matthews, Nathan (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ourarchive.otago.ac.nz/handle/10523/5157">"The Physicality of Māori Message Transmission: Ko Te Tinana, He Waka Tuku Kōrero"</a>. <i>The Journal for Thematic Dialogue</i>. <b>3</b> (Body): 9–18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+for+Thematic+Dialogue&rft.atitle=The+Physicality+of+M%C4%81ori+Message+Transmission%3A+Ko+Te+Tinana%2C+He+Waka+Tuku+K%C5%8Drero&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=Body&rft.pages=9-18&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Matthews&rft.aufirst=Nathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fourarchive.otago.ac.nz%2Fhandle%2F10523%2F5157&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaka" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>McLean, Mervyn (1996). <i>Maori music</i>. Auckland: Auckland University Press.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcLintock1966" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Hare_McLintock" title="Alexander Hare McLintock">McLintock, A.H.</a>, ed. (1966). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://teara.govt.nz/en/1966/haka">"Haka"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/An_Encyclopaedia_of_New_Zealand" title="An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand">An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Haka&rft.btitle=An+Encyclopaedia+of+New+Zealand&rft.date=1966&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fteara.govt.nz%2Fen%2F1966%2Fhaka&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaka" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMitcalfe1974" class="citation book cs1">Mitcalfe, Barry (1974). <i>The Singing Word: Maori Poetry</i>. Wellington: Price Milburn for Victoria University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7055-0369-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7055-0369-3"><bdi>978-0-7055-0369-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Singing+Word%3A+Maori+Poetry&rft.place=Wellington&rft.pub=Price+Milburn+for+Victoria+University+Press&rft.date=1974&rft.isbn=978-0-7055-0369-3&rft.aulast=Mitcalfe&rft.aufirst=Barry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaka" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Pōmare, Mīria (3 March 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.teara.govt.nz/NewZealanders/MaoriNewZealanders/NgatiToarangatira/4/ENZ-Resources/Standard/2/en">"Ngāti Toarangatira – Chant composed by Te Rauparaha"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Te_Ara:_The_Encyclopedia_of_New_Zealand" title="Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand">Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRyan1993" class="citation book cs1">Ryan, Greg (1993). <i>Forerunners of the All Blacks</i>. Christchurch, New Zealand: Canterbury University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-908812-30-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-908812-30-1"><bdi>978-0-908812-30-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Forerunners+of+the+All+Blacks&rft.place=Christchurch%2C+New+Zealand&rft.pub=Canterbury+University+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-908812-30-1&rft.aulast=Ryan&rft.aufirst=Greg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaka" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimon2013" class="citation cs2">Simon, Hemopereki (6 August 2013), "Haka and Its Appropriation", <i>Indigenous Studies (INDS130)</i>, Wollongong: University of Wollongong</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Indigenous+Studies+%28INDS130%29&rft.atitle=Haka+and+Its+Appropriation&rft.date=2013-08-06&rft.aulast=Simon&rft.aufirst=Hemopereki&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaka" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimon2015" class="citation journal cs1">Simon, Hemopereki (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ro.uow.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://www.google.co.uk/&httpsredir=1&article=3982&context=lhapapers">"Me Haka I te Haka a Tānerore?: Māori 'Post-War' Culture and the Place of Haka in Commemoration at Gallipoli"</a>. <i>Australasian Canadian Studies</i>. <b>32</b> (1).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Australasian+Canadian+Studies&rft.atitle=Me+Haka+I+te+Haka+a+T%C4%81nerore%3F%3A+M%C4%81ori+%27Post-War%27+Culture+and+the+Place+of+Haka+in+Commemoration+at+Gallipoli&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=1&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Simon&rft.aufirst=Hemopereki&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fro.uow.edu.au%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Freferer%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.co.uk%2F%26httpsredir%3D1%26article%3D3982%26context%3Dlhapapers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaka" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2014a" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Smith, Valance (22 October 2014a). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180625075526/https://teara.govt.nz/en/kapa-haka-maori-performing-arts/page-2">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Kapa haka – Māori performing arts – 19th-century kapa haka"</a>. <i>Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://teara.govt.nz/en/kapa-haka-maori-performing-arts/page-2">the original</a> on 25 June 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%27Kapa+haka+%E2%80%93+M%C4%81ori+performing+arts+%E2%80%93+19th-century+kapa+haka&rft.btitle=Te+Ara%3A+The+Encyclopedia+of+New+Zealand&rft.date=2014-10-22&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Valance&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fteara.govt.nz%2Fen%2Fkapa-haka-maori-performing-arts%2Fpage-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaka" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2014b" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Smith, Valance (22 October 2014b). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181117022312/https://teara.govt.nz/en/kapa-haka-maori-performing-arts/page-5">"Kapa haka – Māori performing arts – Kapa haka in the 21st century"</a>. <i>Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://teara.govt.nz/en/kapa-haka-maori-performing-arts/page-5">the original</a> on 17 November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Kapa+haka+%E2%80%93+M%C4%81ori+performing+arts+%E2%80%93+Kapa+haka+in+the+21st+century&rft.btitle=Te+Ara%3A+The+Encyclopedia+of+New+Zealand&rft.date=2014-10-22&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Valance&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fteara.govt.nz%2Fen%2Fkapa-haka-maori-performing-arts%2Fpage-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaka" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalker2004" class="citation book cs1">Walker, Ranginui (2004). <i>Ka Whawhai Tonu Matou</i>. Auckland: Penguin.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ka+Whawhai+Tonu+Matou&rft.place=Auckland&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=Ranginui&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaka" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haka&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/haka" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:haka">haka</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Haka" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Haka">Haka</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141007170347/http://www.newzealand.com/travel/app_templates/haka/index_content.html">Haka – A New Zealand icon</a></li> <li>Waihere Dance Group, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BI851yJUQQw">Original Maori Haka Dance</a> via <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Culture_of_indigenous_Oceania" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Culture_of_Oceania" title="Template:Culture of Oceania"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Culture_of_Oceania" title="Template talk:Culture of Oceania"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Culture_of_Oceania" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Culture of Oceania"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Culture_of_indigenous_Oceania" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indigenous_peoples#Oceania" title="List of Indigenous peoples">Culture of indigenous Oceania</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>List of resources about traditional arts and culture of Oceania</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oceanian_art" title="Oceanian art">Art</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Island#Ahu" title="Easter Island">Ahu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Australian_art" title="Indigenous Australian art">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austronesian_peoples#Arts" title="Austronesian peoples">Austronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands" title="Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapa" title="Kapa">kapa (Hawaiʻi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lei_(garland)" title="Lei (garland)">Lei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magimagi" title="Magimagi">magimagi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moai" title="Moai">moai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_art" title="New Zealand art">New Zealand</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:M%C4%81ori_art" title="Category:Māori art">Māori</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nguzu_nguzu" title="Nguzu nguzu">nguzu nguzu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oceanian_art" title="Oceanian art">Oceania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinean_art" title="Papua New Guinean art">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reimiro" title="Reimiro">reimiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C4%81_moko" title="Tā moko">tā moko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabua" title="Tabua">tabua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ta%CA%BBovala" title="Taʻovala">taʻovala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapa_cloth" title="Tapa cloth">tapa ["masi" (Fiji), "ngatu" (Tonga), "siapo" (Sāmoa), " ʻuha" (Rotuma)]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tattoo" title="Tattoo">tattoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C4%93fui" title="Tēfui">tēfui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tivaevae" title="Tivaevae">tivaevae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Broad culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Areca_nut" title="Areca nut">areca nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kava" title="Kava">"yaqona" (Fiji), or "sakau" (Pohnpei)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kava_culture" title="Kava culture">Kava culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapita_culture" title="Lapita culture">Lapita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_culture" title="Māori culture">Māori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polynesian_culture" title="Polynesian culture">Polynesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoa_%27ava_ceremony" class="mw-redirect" title="Samoa 'ava ceremony">Sāmoa 'ava ceremony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_wood_carving#Aboriginal" title="History of wood carving">Wood carving</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geo-specific,<br />general</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Australians#Culture" title="Indigenous Australians">Australia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Aboriginal_astronomy" title="Australian Aboriginal astronomy">Australian Aboriginal astronomy</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austronesian_peoples#Culture" title="Austronesian peoples">Austronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caroline_Islands#People_and_culture" title="Caroline Islands">Caroline Islands</a>, <i>-<a href="/wiki/Pwo" title="Pwo">Pwo</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moriori#Revival_of_culture" title="Moriori">Chatham Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands#Culture" title="Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Island#Culture" title="Easter Island">Easter Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Fiji" title="Culture of Fiji">Fiji</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Lau_Islands#Culture_and_economy" title="Lau Islands">Lau Islands</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fijian_traditions_and_ceremonies" title="Fijian traditions and ceremonies">traditions and ceremonies</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guam#Culture" title="Guam">Guam</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Lomilomi_massage" title="Lomilomi massage">Lomilomi massage</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Kiribati" title="Culture of Kiribati">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_Marquesas_Islands" title="Culture of the Marquesas Islands">French Polynesia's Marquesas Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federated_States_of_Micronesia#Culture" title="Federated States of Micronesia">Federated States of Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Nauru" title="Culture of Nauru">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Caledonia#Culture" title="New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_New_Zealand" title="Culture of New Zealand">New Zealand</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_culture" title="Māori culture">Māori</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niue#Culture" title="Niue">Niue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk_Island#Culture" title="Norfolk Island">Norfolk Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palau#Culture" title="Palau">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Culture of Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitcairn_Islands#Culture_and_religion" title="Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoan_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Samoan culture">Sāmoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_Solomon_Islands" title="Culture of the Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Tonga" title="Culture of Tonga">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torres_Strait_Islanders#Culture" title="Torres Strait Islanders">Torres Strait Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvalu#Culture" title="Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Vanuatu" title="Culture of Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallis_and_Futuna#Culture" title="Wallis and Futuna">Wallis and Futuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polynesian_navigation" title="Polynesian navigation">Polynesian Navigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micronesian_navigation" title="Micronesian navigation">Micronesian Navigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshallese_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Marshallese culture">Marshall Islands</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Islands_stick_chart" title="Marshall Islands stick chart">Stick charts of</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yap#Culture" title="Yap">Yap</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Yap#Navigation_(sailing)" title="Yap">navigation</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Weriyeng" title="Weriyeng">Weriyeng navigation school</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Canoes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_dugout_canoe" title="Aboriginal dugout canoe">Aboriginal dugout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alingano_Maisu" title="Alingano Maisu">Alingano Maisu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balangay" title="Balangay">Bangka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drua" title="Drua">Drua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dugout_(boat)#Pacific_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Dugout (boat)">Dugout (boat)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C5%8Dk%C5%ABle%CA%BBa" title="Hōkūleʻa">Hōkūleʻa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaep" title="Kaep">Kaep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karakoa" title="Karakoa">Karakoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_migration_canoes" title="Māori migration canoes">Māori migration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outrigger_canoe" class="mw-redirect" title="Outrigger canoe">Outrigger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paopao_(canoe)" title="Paopao (canoe)"> Paopao (Tuvalu)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraw" title="Paraw">Paraw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canoe_sailing#Polynesian_sailing_canoes" title="Canoe sailing">Polynesian sailing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proa" title="Proa">Proa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinta" title="Vinta">Vinta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waka_(canoe)" title="Waka (canoe)">Waka</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_M%C4%81ori_waka" title="List of Māori waka">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walap" title="Walap">Walap</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%CA%BBAparima" title="ʻAparima">ʻAparima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cibi" title="Cibi">cibi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fara_(Rotuman_festivity)" title="Fara (Rotuman festivity)">fara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_performance" title="Fire performance">fire dancing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firewalking" title="Firewalking">firewalking</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">haka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hivinau" title="Hivinau">hivinau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hula" title="Hula">hula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kailao" title="Kailao">kailao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapa_haka" title="Kapa haka">kapa haka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_Kiribati" title="Dance in Kiribati">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meke" title="Meke">meke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%27ote%27a" title="'ote'a">'ote'a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pa%27o%27a" class="mw-redirect" title="Pa'o'a">pa'o'a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poi_(performance_art)" title="Poi (performance art)">poi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_Rotuma" title="Dance in Rotuma">Rotuma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoan_culture#Dance" class="mw-redirect" title="Samoan culture">siva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dances_of_Tahiti" title="Category:Dances of Tahiti">Tahiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamure" title="Tamure">tāmūrē</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tautoga" title="Tautoga">tautoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dances_of_Tonga" title="Category:Dances of Tonga">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Tuvalu" title="Music of Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%27upa%27upa" title="'upa'upa">'upa'upa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Festivals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Australia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Garma_Festival_of_Traditional_Cultures" title="Garma Festival of Traditional Cultures">Garma Festival</a></li></ul></li> <li>Hawaiʻi <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aloha_Festivals" title="Aloha Festivals">Aloha Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merrie_Monarch_Festival" title="Merrie Monarch Festival">Merrie Monarch Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Invitational_Hula_Festival" title="World Invitational Hula Festival">World Invitational Hula Festival</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_festivals_in_Fiji" title="List of festivals in Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li>New Zealand <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pasifika_Festival" title="Pasifika Festival">Pasifika Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Te_Matatini" title="Te Matatini">Te Matatini</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Community" title="Pacific Community">Pacific Community</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Festival_of_Pacific_Arts" title="Festival of Pacific Arts">Festival of Pacific Arts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Festivals_in_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Category:Festivals in Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oceanic_languages" title="Oceanic languages">Languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">by area</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Oceania_topic" title="Template:Oceania topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Oceania_topic" title="Template talk:Oceania topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Oceania_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Oceania topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Languages_of_Oceania" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Oceania" title="Languages of Oceania">Languages of Oceania </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Australia" title="Languages of Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of the Federated States of Micronesia">Federated States of Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Fiji" title="Languages of Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Kiribati" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Kiribati">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Marshall_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of the Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Nauru" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Nauru">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_New_Zealand" title="Languages of New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Palau" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Palau">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Languages of Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Samoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Samoa">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Solomon_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Tonga" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Tonga">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Tuvalu" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Vanuatu" title="Languages of Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associated states<br />of New Zealand</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Cook_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of the Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Niue" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Niue">Niue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies<br />and other territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_American_Samoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of American Samoa">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Christmas_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Easter_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Easter Island">Easter Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_French_Polynesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Guam" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Hawaii" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_New_Caledonia" title="Languages of New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Norfolk_Island" title="Languages of Norfolk Island">Norfolk Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of the Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Pitcairn_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of the Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Tokelau" title="Languages of Tokelau">Tokelau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Wallis_and_Futuna" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Wallis and Futuna">Wallis and Futuna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">by category</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Category:Languages_of_Oceania" title="Category:Languages of Oceania">Languages of Oceania</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oceanian_literature" title="Oceanian literature">Literature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Oceania_topic" title="Template:Oceania topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Oceania_topic" title="Template talk:Oceania topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Oceania_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Oceania topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Literature_of_Oceania" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Oceania" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of Oceania">Literature of Oceania </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of the Federated States of Micronesia (page does not exist)">Federated States of Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Fiji" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_Kiribati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of Kiribati (page does not exist)">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_the_Marshall_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of the Marshall Islands (page does not exist)">Marshall Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_Nauru&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of Nauru (page does not exist)">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_Palau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of Palau (page does not exist)">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Papua_New_Guinea" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Samoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of Samoa">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_Solomon_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of Solomon Islands (page does not exist)">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Tonga" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of Tonga">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_Tuvalu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of Tuvalu (page does not exist)">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Vanuatu" title="Literature of Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associated states<br />of New Zealand</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_the_Cook_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of the Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Niue" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of Niue">Niue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies<br />and other territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_American_Samoa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of American Samoa (page does not exist)">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_Christmas_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of Christmas Island (page does not exist)">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (page does not exist)">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_Easter_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of Easter Island (page does not exist)">Easter Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_French_Polynesia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of French Polynesia (page does not exist)">French Polynesia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_Guam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of Guam (page does not exist)">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Hawaii" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_New_Caledonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_Norfolk_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of Norfolk Island (page does not exist)">Norfolk Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of the Northern Mariana Islands (page does not exist)">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_the_Pitcairn_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of the Pitcairn Islands (page does not exist)">Pitcairn Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_Tokelau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of Tokelau (page does not exist)">Tokelau</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_Wallis_and_Futuna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of Wallis and Futuna (page does not exist)">Wallis and Futuna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Austral_Islands" title="Music of the Austral Islands">Austral Islands (French Polynesia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_music_of_Australia" title="Indigenous music of Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austronesian_peoples#Music" title="Austronesian peoples">Austronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Cook_Islands" title="Music of the Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Easter_Island" title="Music of Easter Island">Easter Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Fiji" title="Music of Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Guam" title="Music of Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Kiribati" title="Music of Kiribati">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lali_(drum)" title="Lali (drum)">Lali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Melanesia" title="Music of Melanesia">Melanesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Micronesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of Micronesia">Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of the Federated States of Micronesia">Federated States of Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Nauru" title="Music of Nauru">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_New_Caledonia" title="Music of New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_New_Zealand" title="Music of New Zealand">New Zealand</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_music" title="Māori music">Māori</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Niue" title="Music of Niue">Niue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Music of the Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Palau" title="Music of Palau">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Music of Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Polynesia" title="Music of Polynesia">Polynesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Samoa" title="Music of Samoa">Sāmoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slit_drum" title="Slit drum">Slit drum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Solomon_Islands" title="Music of Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Tahiti" title="Music of Tahiti">Tahiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Tokelau" title="Music of Tokelau">Tokelau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Tonga" title="Music of Tonga">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Tuvalu" title="Music of Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Vanuatu" title="Music of Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Polynesia" title="Music of Polynesia">Wallis and Futuna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mythology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Aboriginal_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Aboriginal mythology">Australian Aboriginal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fijian_mythology" title="Category:Fijian mythology">Fijian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangarevan_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Mangarevan mythology">Mangarevan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahiti_and_Society_Islands_mythology" title="Tahiti and Society Islands mythology">Maohi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_mythology" title="Māori mythology">Māori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanesian_mythology" title="Melanesian mythology">Melanesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menehune" title="Menehune">Menehune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micronesian_mythology" title="Micronesian mythology">Micronesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Oceanian_legendary_creatures" title="Category:Oceanian legendary creatures">Oceanian legendary creatures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polynesian_mythology" title="Polynesian mythology">Polynesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapa_Nui_mythology" title="Rapa Nui mythology">Rapa Nui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoan_mythology" title="Samoan mythology">Samoan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvaluan_mythology" title="Tuvaluan mythology">Tuvaluan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Vanuatu_mythology" title="Category:Vanuatu mythology">Vanuatuan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Research</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asian_American_and_Pacific_Islander_Policy_Research_Consortium" title="Asian American and Pacific Islander Policy Research Consortium">Asian American and Pacific Islander Policy Research Consortium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Institute_of_Aboriginal_and_Torres_Strait_Islander_Studies" title="Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies">Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Australians" title="Indigenous Australians">Indigenous Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austronesian_peoples" title="Austronesian peoples">Austronesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sama-Bajau" title="Sama-Bajau">Sama-Bajau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamorro_people" title="Chamorro people">Chamorro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moriori" title="Moriori">Chatham Islander (Moriori <em>or</em> Rekohu)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fijians" title="Fijians">Fijian (iTaukei)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_Hawaiians" title="Native Hawaiians">Hawaiian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilocano_people" title="Ilocano people">Ilocano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igorot" class="mw-redirect" title="Igorot">Igorot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivatan_people" title="Ivatan people">Ivatans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumad" title="Lumad">Lumad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_people" title="Māori people">Māori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Marshall_Islands" title="Demographics of the Marshall Islands">Marshallese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanesians" title="Melanesians">Melanesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micronesians" title="Micronesians">Micronesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negrito" title="Negrito">Negrito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk_Islanders" title="Norfolk Islanders">Norfolk Islander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_people_of_New_Guinea" title="Indigenous people of New Guinea">Papuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polynesians" title="Polynesians">Polynesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maohi" title="Maohi">Indigenous Polynesian (Mā’ohi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapa_Nui_people" title="Rapa Nui people">Rapa Nui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotumans" title="Rotumans">Rotuman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoans" title="Samoans">Samoan (Tagata Māo‘i)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagalog_people" title="Tagalog people">Tagalog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahitians" title="Tahitians">Tahitian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_aborigines" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiwanese aborigines">Taiwanese aborigines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokelauan_people" title="Tokelauan people">Tokelauan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Tonga" title="Demographics of Tonga">Tongan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torres_Strait_Islanders" title="Torres Strait Islanders">Torres Strait Islander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visayans" title="Visayans">Visayans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yami_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Yami people">Yami</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religion</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Oceania_topic" title="Template:Oceania topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Oceania_topic" title="Template talk:Oceania topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Oceania_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Oceania topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Religion_in_Oceania" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Oceania" title="Religion in Oceania">Religion in Oceania </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Australia" title="Religion in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia" title="Religion in the Federated States of Micronesia">Federated States of Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Fiji" title="Religion in Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Kiribati" title="Religion in Kiribati">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Marshall_Islands" title="Religion in the Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Nauru" title="Religion in Nauru">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_New_Zealand" title="Religion in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Palau" title="Religion in Palau">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Religion in Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Samoa" title="Religion in Samoa">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Solomon_Islands" title="Religion in Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Tonga" title="Religion in Tonga">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Tuvalu" title="Religion in Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Vanuatu" title="Religion in Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associated states<br />of New Zealand</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Cook_Islands" title="Religion in the Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Niue" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Niue">Niue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies<br />and other territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_American_Samoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in American Samoa">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Christmas_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Religion in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (page does not exist)">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Easter_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Religion in Easter Island (page does not exist)">Easter Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_French_Polynesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Guam" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Hawaii" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_New_Caledonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Norfolk_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Norfolk Island">Norfolk Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in the Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Pitcairn_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in the Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Tokelau" title="Religion in Tokelau">Tokelau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Wallis_and_Futuna" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Wallis and Futuna">Wallis and Futuna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>For other topics including Oceanian <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Oceania" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinema of Oceania">cinema</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shell_money_in_Oceania" class="mw-redirect" title="Shell money in Oceania">indigenous currency</a>, <a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Oceanian_clothing" title="Category:History of Oceanian clothing">dress</a>, <a href="/wiki/Category:Oceanian_folklore" title="Category:Oceanian folklore">folklore</a> and <a href="/wiki/Category:Oceanian_cuisine" title="Category:Oceanian cuisine">cuisine</a>, see <a href="/wiki/Category:Culture_of_Oceania" title="Category:Culture of Oceania">Category:Culture of Oceania</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3595586#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3595586#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3595586#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/950491/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh90003155">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007529897505171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Haka&oldid=1258672105">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Haka&oldid=1258672105</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Haka" title="Category:Haka">Haka</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dances_of_Polynesia" title="Category:Dances of Polynesia">Dances of Polynesia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Group_dances" 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