CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" xmlns:fb="http://www.facebook.com/2008/fbml" class="wf-loading"> <head prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns# fb: https://ogp.me/ns/fb# academia: https://ogp.me/ns/fb/academia#"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name=viewport content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <meta rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/open_search.xml" title="Academia.edu"> <title>Wildlife Biology Research Papers - Academia.edu</title>  <link href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-production.ico" rel="shortcut icon" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="57x57" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-57x57.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="60x60" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-60x60.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="72x72" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-72x72.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="76x76" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-76x76.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="114x114" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-114x114.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="120x120" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-120x120.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="144x144" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-144x144.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="152x152" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-152x152.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-180x180.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-32x32.png" sizes="32x32"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-194x194.png" sizes="194x194"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-96x96.png" sizes="96x96"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/android-chrome-192x192.png" sizes="192x192"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-16x16.png" sizes="16x16"> <link rel="manifest" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/manifest.json"> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#2b5797"> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/mstile-144x144.png"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"> <script> window.performance && window.performance.measure && window.performance.measure("Time To First Byte", "requestStart", "responseStart"); </script> <script> (function() { if (!window.URLSearchParams || !window.history || !window.history.replaceState) { return; } var searchParams = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search); var paramsToDelete = [ 'fs', 'sm', 'swp', 'iid', 'nbs', 'rcc', // related content category 'rcpos', // related content carousel position 'rcpg', // related carousel page 'rchid', // related content hit id 'f_ri', // research interest id, for SEO tracking 'f_fri', // featured research interest, for SEO tracking (param key without value) 'f_rid', // from research interest directory for SEO tracking 'f_loswp', // from research interest pills on LOSWP sidebar for SEO tracking 'rhid', // referrring hit id ]; if (paramsToDelete.every((key) => searchParams.get(key) === null)) { return; } paramsToDelete.forEach((key) => { searchParams.delete(key); }); var cleanUrl = new URL(window.location.href); cleanUrl.search = searchParams.toString(); history.replaceState({}, document.title, cleanUrl); })(); </script> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "by_tag", 'action': "show_one", 'controller_action': 'by_tag#show_one', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script type="text/javascript"> window.sendUserTiming = function(timingName) { if (!(window.performance && window.performance.measure)) return; var entries = window.performance.getEntriesByName(timingName, "measure"); if (entries.length !== 1) return; var timingValue = Math.round(entries[0].duration); gtag('event', 'timing_complete', { name: timingName, value: timingValue, event_category: 'User-centric', }); }; window.sendUserTiming("Time To First Byte"); </script> <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" /> <meta name="csrf-token" content="va8yoH2_07W4hEyHmYqMlYiBnuCqINSVcKpbkk9xD93is3-w_bUdV-EY5QvdqC44QIliOS73K7fYEECYZH3JKg" /> <link href="/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology?after=50%2C74822200" rel="next" /><link crossorigin="" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com/" rel="preconnect" /><link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=DM+Sans:ital,opsz,wght@0,9..40,100..1000;1,9..40,100..1000&family=Gupter:wght@400;500;700&family=IBM+Plex+Mono:wght@300;400&family=Material+Symbols+Outlined:opsz,wght,FILL,GRAD@20,400,0,0&display=swap" rel="stylesheet" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/common-2b6f90dbd75f5941bc38f4ad716615f3ac449e7398313bb3bc225fba451cd9fa.css" /> <meta name="description" content="View Wildlife Biology Research Papers on Academia.edu for free." /> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="bKJMBZA7E43xhDOopFZkssMMkBRjvYERV-NaN4R6mrs" /> <script> var $controller_name = 'by_tag'; var $action_name = "show_one"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = 'dc2ad41da5d7ea682babd20f90650302fb0a3a36'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.Aedu = { hit_data: null }; window.Aedu.SiteStats = {"premium_universities_count":14016,"monthly_visitors":"99 million","monthly_visitor_count":99567017,"monthly_visitor_count_in_millions":99,"user_count":282987739,"paper_count":55203019,"paper_count_in_millions":55,"page_count":432000000,"page_count_in_millions":432,"pdf_count":16500000,"pdf_count_in_millions":16}; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1739805934000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1739805934000; window.Aedu.isUsingCssV1 = false; window.Aedu.enableLocalization = true; window.Aedu.activateFullstory = false; window.Aedu.serviceAvailability = { status: {"attention_db":"on","bibliography_db":"on","contacts_db":"on","email_db":"on","indexability_db":"on","mentions_db":"on","news_db":"on","notifications_db":"on","offsite_mentions_db":"on","redshift":"on","redshift_exports_db":"on","related_works_db":"on","ring_db":"on","user_tests_db":"on"}, serviceEnabled: function(service) { return this.status[service] === "on"; }, readEnabled: function(service) { return this.serviceEnabled(service) || this.status[service] === "read_only"; }, }; window.Aedu.viewApmTrace = function() { // Check if x-apm-trace-id meta tag is set, and open the trace in APM // in a new window if it is. var apmTraceId = document.head.querySelector('meta[name="x-apm-trace-id"]'); if (apmTraceId) { var traceId = apmTraceId.content; // Use trace ID to construct URL, an example URL looks like: // https://app.datadoghq.com/apm/traces?query=trace_id%31298410148923562634 var apmUrl = 'https://app.datadoghq.com/apm/traces?query=trace_id%3A' + traceId; window.open(apmUrl, '_blank'); } }; </script>  <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto:100,100i,300,300i,400,400i,500,500i,700,700i,900,900i" rel="stylesheet"> <link rel="preload" href="//maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/font-awesome/4.3.0/css/font-awesome.min.css" as="style" onload="this.rel='stylesheet'"> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/libraries-a9675dcb01ec4ef6aa807ba772c7a5a00c1820d3ff661c1038a20f80d06bb4e4.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/academia-40698df34f913bd208bb70f09d2feb7c6286046250be17a4db35bba2c08b0e2f.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system_legacy-056a9113b9a0f5343d013b29ee1929d5a18be35fdcdceb616600b4db8bd20054.css" /> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/runtime-bundle-005434038af4252ca37c527588411a3d6a0eabb5f727fac83f8bbe7fd88d93bb.js"></script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/webpack_libraries_and_infrequently_changed.wjs-bundle-a22f75d8519394c21253dae46c8c5d60ad36ea68c7d494347ec64229d8c1cf85.js"></script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/core_webpack.wjs-bundle-5708a105dd66b4c7d0ef30b7c094b1048423f0042bd2a7b123f2d99ee3cf46d9.js"></script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/sentry.wjs-bundle-5fe03fddca915c8ba0f7edbe64c194308e8ce5abaed7bffe1255ff37549c4808.js"></script> <script> jade = window.jade || {}; jade.helpers = window.$h; jade._ = window._; </script>  <script id="tag-manager-head-root">(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer_old','GTM-5G9JF7Z');</script>  <script> window.gptadslots = []; window.googletag = window.googletag || {}; window.googletag.cmd = window.googletag.cmd || []; </script> <script type="text/javascript"> // TODO(jacob): This should be defined, may be rare load order problem. // Checking if null is just a quick fix, will default to en if unset. // Better fix is to run this immedietely after I18n is set. if (window.I18n != null) { I18n.defaultLocale = "en"; I18n.locale = "en"; I18n.fallbacks = true; } </script> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology" /> </head>   <body class='c-by_tag a-show_one logged_out u-bgColorWhite'>  <div id="fb-root"></div><script>window.fbAsyncInit = function() { FB.init({ appId: "2369844204", version: "v8.0", status: true, cookie: true, xfbml: true }); // Additional initialization code. if (window.InitFacebook) { // facebook.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitFacebook(); } else { // Set a flag for facebook.ts to find when it loads. window.academiaAuthReadyFacebook = true; } };</script><script>window.fbAsyncLoad = function() { // Protection against double calling of this function if (window.FB) { return; } (function(d, s, id){ var js, fjs = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0]; if (d.getElementById(id)) {return;} js = d.createElement(s); js.id = id; js.src = "//connect.facebook.net/en_US/sdk.js"; fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs); }(document, 'script', 'facebook-jssdk')); } if (!window.defer_facebook) { // Autoload if not deferred window.fbAsyncLoad(); } else { // Defer loading by 5 seconds setTimeout(function() { window.fbAsyncLoad(); }, 5000); }</script> <div id="google-root"></div><script>window.loadGoogle = function() { if (window.InitGoogle) { // google.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitGoogle("331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"); } else { // Set a flag for google.ts to use when it loads. window.GoogleClientID = "331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"; } };</script><script>window.googleAsyncLoad = function() { // Protection against double calling of this function (function(d) { var js; var id = 'google-jssdk'; var ref = d.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; if (d.getElementById(id)) { return; } js = d.createElement('script'); js.id = id; js.async = true; js.onload = loadGoogle; js.src = "https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client" ref.parentNode.insertBefore(js, ref); }(document)); } if (!window.defer_google) { // Autoload if not deferred window.googleAsyncLoad(); } else { // Defer loading by 5 seconds setTimeout(function() { window.googleAsyncLoad(); }, 5000); }</script> <div id="tag-manager-body-root">  <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-5G9JF7Z" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>   <script> window.addEventListener('load', function() { if (document.querySelector('input[name="commit"]')) { document.querySelector('input[name="commit"]').addEventListener('click', function() { gtag('event', 'click', { event_category: 'button', event_label: 'Log In' }) }) } }); </script> </div> <script>var _comscore = _comscore || []; _comscore.push({ c1: "2", c2: "26766707" }); (function() { var s = document.createElement("script"), el = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; s.async = true; s.src = (document.location.protocol == "https:" ? "https://sb" : "http://b") + ".scorecardresearch.com/beacon.js"; el.parentNode.insertBefore(s, el); })();</script><img src="https://sb.scorecardresearch.com/p?c1=2&c2=26766707&cv=2.0&cj=1" style="position: absolute; visibility: hidden" /> <div id='react-modal'></div> <div class='DesignSystem'> <a class='u-showOnFocus' href='#site'> Skip to main content </a> </div> <div id="upgrade_ie_banner" style="display: none;"><p>Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer.</p><p>To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to <a href="https://www.academia.edu/upgrade-browser">upgrade your browser</a>.</p></div><script>// Show this banner for all versions of IE if (!!window.MSInputMethodContext || /(MSIE)/.test(navigator.userAgent)) { document.getElementById('upgrade_ie_banner').style.display = 'block'; }</script> <div class="DesignSystem bootstrap ShrinkableNav no-sm no-md"><div class="navbar navbar-default main-header"><div class="container-wrapper" id="main-header-container"><div class="container"><div class="navbar-header"><div class="nav-left-wrapper u-mt0x"><div class="nav-logo"><a data-main-header-link-target="logo_home" href="https://www.academia.edu/"><img class="visible-xs-inline-block" style="height: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015-A.svg" width="24" height="24" /><img width="145.2" height="18" class="hidden-xs" style="height: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015.svg" /></a></div><div class="nav-search"><div class="SiteSearch-wrapper select2-no-default-pills"><form class="js-SiteSearch-form DesignSystem" action="https://www.academia.edu/search" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="get"><i class="SiteSearch-icon fa fa-search u-fw700 u-positionAbsolute u-tcGrayDark"></i><input class="js-SiteSearch-form-input SiteSearch-form-input form-control" data-main-header-click-target="search_input" name="q" placeholder="Search" type="text" value="" /></form></div></div></div><div class="nav-right-wrapper pull-right"><ul class="NavLinks js-main-nav list-unstyled"><li class="NavLinks-link"><a class="js-header-login-url Button Button--inverseGray Button--sm u-mb4x" id="nav_log_in" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/login">Log In</a></li><li class="NavLinks-link u-p0x"><a class="Button Button--inverseGray Button--sm u-mb4x" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Sign Up</a></li></ul><button class="hidden-lg hidden-md hidden-sm u-ml4x navbar-toggle collapsed" data-target=".js-mobile-header-links" data-toggle="collapse" type="button"><span class="icon-bar"></span><span class="icon-bar"></span><span class="icon-bar"></span></button></div></div><div class="collapse navbar-collapse js-mobile-header-links"><ul class="nav navbar-nav"><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/login">Log In</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Sign Up</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1 js-mobile-nav-expand-trigger"><a href="#">more&nbsp<span class="caret"></span></a></li><li><ul class="js-mobile-nav-expand-section nav navbar-nav u-m0x collapse"><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="false" href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="false" href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><i class="fa fa-briefcase"></i> We're Hiring!</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://support.academia.edu/hc/en-us"><i class="fa fa-question-circle"></i> Help Center</a></li><li class="js-mobile-nav-collapse-trigger u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1 dropup" style="display:none"><a href="#">less&nbsp<span class="caret"></span></a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div><script>(function(){ var $moreLink = $(".js-mobile-nav-expand-trigger"); var $lessLink = $(".js-mobile-nav-collapse-trigger"); var $section = $('.js-mobile-nav-expand-section'); $moreLink.click(function(ev){ ev.preventDefault(); $moreLink.hide(); $lessLink.show(); $section.collapse('show'); }); $lessLink.click(function(ev){ ev.preventDefault(); $moreLink.show(); $lessLink.hide(); $section.collapse('hide'); }); })() if ($a.is_logged_in() || false) { new Aedu.NavigationController({ el: '.js-main-nav', showHighlightedNotification: false }); } else { $(".js-header-login-url").attr("href", $a.loginUrlWithRedirect()); } Aedu.autocompleteSearch = new AutocompleteSearch({el: '.js-SiteSearch-form'});</script></div></div> <div id='site' class='fixed'> <div id="content" class="clearfix"> <script>document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function(){ var $dismissible = $(".dismissible_banner"); $dismissible.click(function(ev) { $dismissible.hide(); }); });</script> <div class="DesignSystem" style="margin-top:-40px"><div class="PageHeader"><div class="container"><div class="row"><style type="text/css">.sor-abstract { display: -webkit-box; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; }</style><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><div class="u-floatLeft"><h1 class="PageHeader-title u-m0x u-fs30">Wildlife Biology</h1><div class="u-tcGrayDark">21,190 Followers</div><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-mt2x">Recent papers in <b>Wildlife Biology</b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline u-displayFlex"><li class="active"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology">Top Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology/MostCited">Most Cited Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology/MostDownloaded">Most Downloaded Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology/MostRecent">Newest Papers</a></li><li><a class="" href="https://www.academia.edu/People/Wildlife_Biology">People</a></li></ul></div><style type="text/css">ul.nav{flex-direction:row}@media(max-width: 567px){ul.nav{flex-direction:column}.TabbedNavigation li{max-width:100%}.TabbedNavigation li.active{background-color:var(--background-grey, #dddde2)}.TabbedNavigation li.active:before,.TabbedNavigation li.active:after{display:none}}</style></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><div class="u-displayFlex"><div class="u-flexGrow1"><div class="works"><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_206575" data-work_id="206575" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/206575/Migration_quantified_Constructing_models_and_linking_them_with_data">Migration quantified: Constructing models and linking them with data</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">"This chapter discusses how models, combined with modern data sources and statistical methods, can be used to test different hypotheses about the causes of migration. Mathematical formalisms for migration are presented. The ecological... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_206575" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">"This chapter discusses how models, combined with modern data sources and statistical methods, can be used to test different hypotheses about the causes of migration. Mathematical formalisms for migration are presented. The ecological mechanisms that could spontaneously have given rise to migration-like patterns of space use from the interaction within and between groups of animals and their environment are discussed, showing that migration is best seen as to lie on a continuum from sedentary to nomadic movement patterns and not as a clearly distinct movement behaviour. Given the multitude of potential processes leading to migration, and the constraints imposed by data collection methods, it may be difficult to observe and identify the original cause. With this caveat in mind, the use of inferential methods to detect, quantify and identify the underlying mechanisms of migration is discussed and the links between models, data and inference are illustrated using three case studies. <br />##################################################### <br /> <br />Updates: <br />The book already sold out! A corrected reprint is available since Dec 2011."</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/206575" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="643a3014cd7344cd9c3210a0f180f855" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":7098769,"asset_id":206575,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/7098769/download_file?st=MTczOTgwNTkzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="14029" href="https://swansea.academia.edu/LucaBorger">Luca Borger (Börger)</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="14029" type="text/json">{"id":14029,"first_name":"Luca","last_name":"Borger (Börger)","domain_name":"swansea","page_name":"LucaBorger","display_name":"Luca Borger (Börger)","profile_url":"https://swansea.academia.edu/LucaBorger?f_ri=4266","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/14029/4718/1164091/s65_luca.b_rger.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_206575 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="206575"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 206575, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_206575", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_206575 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 206575; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_206575"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_206575 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="206575"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 206575; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=206575]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_206575").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_206575").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="206575"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">17</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="892" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Statistics">Statistics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="892" type="text/json">{"id":892,"name":"Statistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Statistics?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1063" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Education">Environmental Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1063" type="text/json">{"id":1063,"name":"Environmental Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Education?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1279" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Science_Communication">Science Communication</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1279" type="text/json">{"id":1279,"name":"Science Communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Science_Communication?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2467" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation_Biology">Conservation Biology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2467" type="text/json">{"id":2467,"name":"Conservation Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=206575]'), work: {"id":206575,"title":"Migration quantified: Constructing models and linking them with data","created_at":"2010-01-07T05:25:23.465-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/206575/Migration_quantified_Constructing_models_and_linking_them_with_data?f_ri=4266","dom_id":"work_206575","summary":"\"This chapter discusses how models, combined with modern data sources and statistical methods, can be used to test different hypotheses about the causes of migration. Mathematical formalisms for migration are presented. The ecological mechanisms that could spontaneously have given rise to migration-like patterns of space use from the interaction within and between groups of animals and their environment are discussed, showing that migration is best seen as to lie on a continuum from sedentary to nomadic movement patterns and not as a clearly distinct movement behaviour. Given the multitude of potential processes leading to migration, and the constraints imposed by data collection methods, it may be difficult to observe and identify the original cause. With this caveat in mind, the use of inferential methods to detect, quantify and identify the underlying mechanisms of migration is discussed and the links between models, data and inference are illustrated using three case studies.\r\n#####################################################\r\n\r\nUpdates:\r\nThe book already sold out! A corrected reprint is available since Dec 2011.\"","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":7098769,"asset_id":206575,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":14029,"first_name":"Luca","last_name":"Borger (Börger)","domain_name":"swansea","page_name":"LucaBorger","display_name":"Luca Borger (Börger)","profile_url":"https://swansea.academia.edu/LucaBorger?f_ri=4266","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/14029/4718/1164091/s65_luca.b_rger.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":892,"name":"Statistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Statistics?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":1063,"name":"Environmental Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Education?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":1279,"name":"Science Communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Science_Communication?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":2467,"name":"Conservation Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":2749,"name":"Animal Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behavior?f_ri=4266"},{"id":2809,"name":"Conservation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation?f_ri=4266"},{"id":2982,"name":"Movement Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Movement_Ecology?f_ri=4266"},{"id":4266,"name":"Wildlife Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology?f_ri=4266"},{"id":4850,"name":"Migration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Migration?f_ri=4266"},{"id":6177,"name":"Modeling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modeling?f_ri=4266"},{"id":7651,"name":"Wildlife Ecology And Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Ecology_And_Management?f_ri=4266"},{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=4266"},{"id":9846,"name":"Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology?f_ri=4266"},{"id":17825,"name":"Biodiversity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biodiversity?f_ri=4266"},{"id":19406,"name":"Human-wildlife conflicts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human-wildlife_conflicts?f_ri=4266"},{"id":22413,"name":"Wildlife Conservation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Conservation?f_ri=4266"},{"id":25730,"name":"Behavioral Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Behavioral_Ecology?f_ri=4266"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_43725888" data-work_id="43725888" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/43725888/LESSONS_IN_CONSERVATION_CONSERVATION_Volume_10_Network_of_Conservation_Educators_and_Practitioners_">LESSONS IN CONSERVATION CONSERVATION, Volume 10 (Network of Conservation Educators & Practitioners)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/43725888" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f4469142d36634a18e6c9001c210a36c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":64034645,"asset_id":43725888,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64034645/download_file?st=MTczOTgwNTkzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="31699452" href="https://colostate.academia.edu/AnthonyGiordano">Anthony J Giordano</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="31699452" type="text/json">{"id":31699452,"first_name":"Anthony","last_name":"Giordano","domain_name":"colostate","page_name":"AnthonyGiordano","display_name":"Anthony J Giordano","profile_url":"https://colostate.academia.edu/AnthonyGiordano?f_ri=4266","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/31699452/21538359/20900645/s65_anthony.giordano.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_43725888 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="43725888"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 43725888, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_43725888", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_43725888 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43725888; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_43725888"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_43725888 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="43725888"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43725888; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43725888]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_43725888").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_43725888").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="43725888"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1063" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Education">Environmental Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1063" type="text/json">{"id":1063,"name":"Environmental Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Education?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2467" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation_Biology">Conservation Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2467" type="text/json">{"id":2467,"name":"Conservation Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3386" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Design_for_Social_Innovation">Design for Social Innovation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3386" type="text/json">{"id":3386,"name":"Design for Social Innovation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Design_for_Social_Innovation?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4266" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology">Wildlife Biology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4266" type="text/json">{"id":4266,"name":"Wildlife Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=43725888]'), work: {"id":43725888,"title":"LESSONS IN CONSERVATION CONSERVATION, Volume 10 (Network of Conservation Educators \u0026 Practitioners)","created_at":"2020-07-27T20:09:47.959-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/43725888/LESSONS_IN_CONSERVATION_CONSERVATION_Volume_10_Network_of_Conservation_Educators_and_Practitioners_?f_ri=4266","dom_id":"work_43725888","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":64034645,"asset_id":43725888,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":31699452,"first_name":"Anthony","last_name":"Giordano","domain_name":"colostate","page_name":"AnthonyGiordano","display_name":"Anthony J Giordano","profile_url":"https://colostate.academia.edu/AnthonyGiordano?f_ri=4266","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/31699452/21538359/20900645/s65_anthony.giordano.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1063,"name":"Environmental Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Education?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":2467,"name":"Conservation Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":3386,"name":"Design for Social Innovation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Design_for_Social_Innovation?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":4266,"name":"Wildlife Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":6093,"name":"Museum Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Museum_Education?f_ri=4266"},{"id":7651,"name":"Wildlife Ecology And Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Ecology_And_Management?f_ri=4266"},{"id":9363,"name":"Design Innovation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Design_Innovation?f_ri=4266"},{"id":15282,"name":"Technological Innovation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Technological_Innovation?f_ri=4266"},{"id":18845,"name":"Environmental Sustainability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sustainability?f_ri=4266"},{"id":21555,"name":"Open Innovation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Open_Innovation?f_ri=4266"},{"id":22413,"name":"Wildlife Conservation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Conservation?f_ri=4266"},{"id":26370,"name":"Conservation Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation_Science?f_ri=4266"},{"id":30491,"name":"Conservation planning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation_planning?f_ri=4266"},{"id":34633,"name":"Environmental science and technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology?f_ri=4266"},{"id":38474,"name":"Conservation Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation_Education?f_ri=4266"},{"id":61498,"name":"Social Innovation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Innovation?f_ri=4266"},{"id":88280,"name":"Environmental Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Technology?f_ri=4266"},{"id":508624,"name":"Wildlife Ecology and Conservation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Ecology_and_Conservation?f_ri=4266"},{"id":939797,"name":"Social Entrepreneurship \u0026 Innovation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Entrepreneurship_and_Innovation?f_ri=4266"},{"id":2514388,"name":"Conservation Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation_Technology?f_ri=4266"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_70122594" data-work_id="70122594" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/70122594/Human_injuries_and_fatalities_caused_by_brown_bears_in_Russia_1932_2017">Human injuries and fatalities caused by brown bears in Russia, 1932–2017</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">BioOne Complete (complete.BioOne.org) is a full-text database of 200 subscribed and open-access titles in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_70122594" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">BioOne Complete (complete.BioOne.org) is a full-text database of 200 subscribed and open-access titles in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/70122594" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="cfb6c66a0e812f2b252a1b89d101d93a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":79984592,"asset_id":70122594,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/79984592/download_file?st=MTczOTgwNTkzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4680049" href="https://sevin.academia.edu/LeonidBaskin">Leonid Baskin</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4680049" type="text/json">{"id":4680049,"first_name":"Leonid","last_name":"Baskin","domain_name":"sevin","page_name":"LeonidBaskin","display_name":"Leonid Baskin","profile_url":"https://sevin.academia.edu/LeonidBaskin?f_ri=4266","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4680049/32294836/29262674/s65_leonid.baskin.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_70122594 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="70122594"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 70122594, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_70122594", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_70122594 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 70122594; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_70122594"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_70122594 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="70122594"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 70122594; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=70122594]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_70122594").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_70122594").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="70122594"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="173" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology">Zoology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="173" type="text/json">{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4266" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology">Wildlife Biology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4266" type="text/json">{"id":4266,"name":"Wildlife Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=70122594]'), work: {"id":70122594,"title":"Human injuries and fatalities caused by brown bears in Russia, 1932–2017","created_at":"2022-01-31T01:33:47.835-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/70122594/Human_injuries_and_fatalities_caused_by_brown_bears_in_Russia_1932_2017?f_ri=4266","dom_id":"work_70122594","summary":"BioOne Complete (complete.BioOne.org) is a full-text database of 200 subscribed and open-access titles in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":79984592,"asset_id":70122594,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4680049,"first_name":"Leonid","last_name":"Baskin","domain_name":"sevin","page_name":"LeonidBaskin","display_name":"Leonid Baskin","profile_url":"https://sevin.academia.edu/LeonidBaskin?f_ri=4266","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4680049/32294836/29262674/s65_leonid.baskin.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":4266,"name":"Wildlife Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_74749467" data-work_id="74749467" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/74749467/The_effect_of_beaver_dams_on_organic_carbon_nutrients_and_methyl_mercury_distribution_in_impounded_waterbodies">The effect of beaver dams on organic carbon, nutrients and methyl mercury distribution in impounded waterbodies</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The European beaver Castor fiber is well-known as an ecosystem engineer that greatly affects landscape structure, biodiversity as well as physical and chemical properties of surface water bodies. Beaver ponds alter surface water bodies by... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_74749467" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The European beaver Castor fiber is well-known as an ecosystem engineer that greatly affects landscape structure, biodiversity as well as physical and chemical properties of surface water bodies. Beaver ponds alter surface water bodies by raising water elevation, decreasing flow velocity and altering the morphology of streams or drainage ditches, which can reduce the concentrations of organic carbon (OC) and nutrients (N, P). Recent studies indicated that mercury transforms into hazardous and neurotoxic methylmercury (MeHg) in beaver impoundments by biological processes in anaerobic conditions. However, the knowledge about nutrients and MeHg levels in impounded forest waterbodies is scarce in Lithuania. We aimed to ascertain the alteration in concentrations and stocks of OC, nutrients and MeHg in water and sediments from upstream and downstream, as well as within beaver dams and ponds during the growing seasons of 2016–2018. Results showed higher concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nutrients (P and N) in upstream water samples compared to those of downstream from beaver dams. Meanwhile, in sediments mean stocks of OC, P and N were the highest in the middle part of the ponds and in beaver dams. Moreover, the concentrations and stocks of MeHg in sediments were higher in beaver dams than in any other parts of beaver impoundments (upstream, mid-pond, pond periphery and downstream). We conclude that dam bottom sediments were rich in OC, N and P, and at the same time, contained toxic MeHg. Therefore, beaver dams could act as a trickle filter by improving water quality, in our case, DOC, N and P leaching, from riparian forests and soils, but may also act as hotspots of mercury methylation.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/74749467" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="185643581" rel="nofollow" href="https://independent.academia.edu/K%C4%99stutisArmolaitis">Kęstutis Armolaitis</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="185643581" type="text/json">{"id":185643581,"first_name":"Kęstutis","last_name":"Armolaitis","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"KęstutisArmolaitis","display_name":"Kęstutis Armolaitis","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/K%C4%99stutisArmolaitis?f_ri=4266","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_74749467 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="74749467"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 74749467, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_74749467", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_74749467 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 74749467; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_74749467"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_74749467 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="74749467"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 74749467; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=74749467]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_74749467").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_74749467").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="74749467"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="402" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science">Environmental Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="402" type="text/json">{"id":402,"name":"Environmental Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4266" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology">Wildlife Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4266" type="text/json">{"id":4266,"name":"Wildlife Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="63082" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Beavers">Beavers</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="63082" type="text/json">{"id":63082,"name":"Beavers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Beavers?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="87651" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Methylation">Methylation</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="87651" type="text/json">{"id":87651,"name":"Methylation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Methylation?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=74749467]'), work: {"id":74749467,"title":"The effect of beaver dams on organic carbon, nutrients and methyl mercury distribution in impounded waterbodies","created_at":"2022-03-27T22:46:36.858-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/74749467/The_effect_of_beaver_dams_on_organic_carbon_nutrients_and_methyl_mercury_distribution_in_impounded_waterbodies?f_ri=4266","dom_id":"work_74749467","summary":"The European beaver Castor fiber is well-known as an ecosystem engineer that greatly affects landscape structure, biodiversity as well as physical and chemical properties of surface water bodies. Beaver ponds alter surface water bodies by raising water elevation, decreasing flow velocity and altering the morphology of streams or drainage ditches, which can reduce the concentrations of organic carbon (OC) and nutrients (N, P). Recent studies indicated that mercury transforms into hazardous and neurotoxic methylmercury (MeHg) in beaver impoundments by biological processes in anaerobic conditions. However, the knowledge about nutrients and MeHg levels in impounded forest waterbodies is scarce in Lithuania. We aimed to ascertain the alteration in concentrations and stocks of OC, nutrients and MeHg in water and sediments from upstream and downstream, as well as within beaver dams and ponds during the growing seasons of 2016–2018. Results showed higher concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nutrients (P and N) in upstream water samples compared to those of downstream from beaver dams. Meanwhile, in sediments mean stocks of OC, P and N were the highest in the middle part of the ponds and in beaver dams. Moreover, the concentrations and stocks of MeHg in sediments were higher in beaver dams than in any other parts of beaver impoundments (upstream, mid-pond, pond periphery and downstream). We conclude that dam bottom sediments were rich in OC, N and P, and at the same time, contained toxic MeHg. Therefore, beaver dams could act as a trickle filter by improving water quality, in our case, DOC, N and P leaching, from riparian forests and soils, but may also act as hotspots of mercury methylation.","downloadable_attachments":[],"ordered_authors":[{"id":185643581,"first_name":"Kęstutis","last_name":"Armolaitis","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"KęstutisArmolaitis","display_name":"Kęstutis Armolaitis","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/K%C4%99stutisArmolaitis?f_ri=4266","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":402,"name":"Environmental Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":4266,"name":"Wildlife Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":63082,"name":"Beavers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Beavers?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":87651,"name":"Methylation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Methylation?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":155340,"name":"Sediments","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sediments?f_ri=4266"},{"id":161741,"name":"Water Impoundment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Impoundment?f_ri=4266"},{"id":1486637,"name":"Methyl Mercury","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Methyl_Mercury?f_ri=4266"},{"id":1707417,"name":"Beaver Dams","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Beaver_Dams?f_ri=4266"},{"id":2286344,"name":"European Beaver (Castor fiber)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Beaver_Castor_fiber_?f_ri=4266"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_44317137" data-work_id="44317137" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44317137/SIXTY_EXCURSIONS_AND_THOREAUS_JOURNAL">SIXTY EXCURSIONS AND THOREAU'S JOURNAL</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The coronavirus pandemic seemed to throw everyone off their path, but by the time spring arrived, I had begun two projects that moved along similar paths and gradually opened in directions I had never anticipated. One was reading and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_44317137" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The coronavirus pandemic seemed to throw everyone off their path, but by the time spring arrived, I had begun two projects that moved along similar paths and gradually opened in directions I had never anticipated. One was reading and studying Thoreau's Journal, focusing on his studies in botany. The other was hiking in the Valles Caldera National Preserve, twenty miles north of our new home in northern New Mexico. The two paths weren't exactly parallel. Readers of the Journal know that Thoreau was a committed and disciplined traveler, rambling over the neighborhood of Concord several times a week, in daylight and moonlight, by foot, by boat, and by skates. As he comments in the 4 December 1856 Journal entry, he found himself "observing when plants first blossomed and leafed, and I followed it up early and late, far and near, several years in succession, running to different sides of the town and into the neighboring towns, often between twenty and thirty miles in a day. I often visited a particular plant four or five miles distant, half a dozen times within a fortnight, that I might know exactly when it opened, beside attending to a great many others in different directions and some of them equally distant, at the same time. At the same time I had an eye for birds and whatever else might offer" (Journal IX: 158). The Journal from 1850 to 1861 abundantly shows that Thoreau went "running" all over in search of flowering plants, sometimes in company with Ellery Channing, but most often alone. He called these travels "excursions," and I have come to think of them as botanical excursions. In my reading, that is, plants dominate Thoreau's journal entries, and the plants often lead him to larger reflections on science, literature, and writing.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/44317137" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a73ad45a968a8823406e6f0ca81dd5a5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":64704839,"asset_id":44317137,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64704839/download_file?st=MTczOTgwNTkzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="124727" href="https://wlu.academia.edu/JimWarren">James P Warren</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="124727" type="text/json">{"id":124727,"first_name":"James","last_name":"Warren","domain_name":"wlu","page_name":"JimWarren","display_name":"James P Warren","profile_url":"https://wlu.academia.edu/JimWarren?f_ri=4266","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/124727/33315/23402415/s65_jim.warren.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_44317137 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="44317137"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44317137, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_44317137", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_44317137 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44317137; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_44317137"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_44317137 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="44317137"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44317137; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44317137]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_44317137").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_44317137").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="44317137"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4266" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology">Wildlife Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4266" type="text/json">{"id":4266,"name":"Wildlife Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="40581" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Henry_David_Thoreau">Henry David Thoreau</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="40581" type="text/json">{"id":40581,"name":"Henry David Thoreau","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Henry_David_Thoreau?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="158442" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Botany">History of Botany</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="158442" type="text/json">{"id":158442,"name":"History of Botany","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Botany?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=44317137]'), work: {"id":44317137,"title":"SIXTY EXCURSIONS AND THOREAU'S JOURNAL","created_at":"2020-10-17T10:48:37.792-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/44317137/SIXTY_EXCURSIONS_AND_THOREAUS_JOURNAL?f_ri=4266","dom_id":"work_44317137","summary":"The coronavirus pandemic seemed to throw everyone off their path, but by the time spring arrived, I had begun two projects that moved along similar paths and gradually opened in directions I had never anticipated. One was reading and studying Thoreau's Journal, focusing on his studies in botany. The other was hiking in the Valles Caldera National Preserve, twenty miles north of our new home in northern New Mexico. The two paths weren't exactly parallel. Readers of the Journal know that Thoreau was a committed and disciplined traveler, rambling over the neighborhood of Concord several times a week, in daylight and moonlight, by foot, by boat, and by skates. As he comments in the 4 December 1856 Journal entry, he found himself \"observing when plants first blossomed and leafed, and I followed it up early and late, far and near, several years in succession, running to different sides of the town and into the neighboring towns, often between twenty and thirty miles in a day. I often visited a particular plant four or five miles distant, half a dozen times within a fortnight, that I might know exactly when it opened, beside attending to a great many others in different directions and some of them equally distant, at the same time. At the same time I had an eye for birds and whatever else might offer\" (Journal IX: 158). The Journal from 1850 to 1861 abundantly shows that Thoreau went \"running\" all over in search of flowering plants, sometimes in company with Ellery Channing, but most often alone. He called these travels \"excursions,\" and I have come to think of them as botanical excursions. In my reading, that is, plants dominate Thoreau's journal entries, and the plants often lead him to larger reflections on science, literature, and writing.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":64704839,"asset_id":44317137,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":124727,"first_name":"James","last_name":"Warren","domain_name":"wlu","page_name":"JimWarren","display_name":"James P Warren","profile_url":"https://wlu.academia.edu/JimWarren?f_ri=4266","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/124727/33315/23402415/s65_jim.warren.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4266,"name":"Wildlife Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":40581,"name":"Henry David Thoreau","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Henry_David_Thoreau?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":158442,"name":"History of Botany","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Botany?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_80966558" data-work_id="80966558" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/80966558/Translocation_and_Recovery_Efforts_for_the_Telkwa_Caribou_em_Rangifer_tarandus_caribou_em_Herd_in_Westcentral_British_Columbia_1997_2005">Translocation and Recovery Efforts for the Telkwa Caribou, <em>Rangifer tarandus caribou</em>, Herd in Westcentral British Columbia, 1997-2005</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">During 1997–1999, 32 Woodland Caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) were translocated from the Sustut Herd to the Telkwa Mountains in westcentral British Columbia to augment recovery of the Telkwa Caribou Herd. The animals were fitted with... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_80966558" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">During 1997–1999, 32 Woodland Caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) were translocated from the Sustut Herd to the Telkwa Mountains in westcentral British Columbia to augment recovery of the Telkwa Caribou Herd. The animals were fitted with radiocollars and located during 1997–2000 to determine selection of habitat features and terrain variables. Six Caribou calves were also collared to determine causes and timing of calf mortality during summer 1999. Defining available habitat for newly translocated animals is often arbitrary and subjective, and we based the analyses on ranks for habitat use and availability as this is less sensitive to the inclusion or exclusion of a questionable resource. This method represents some loss of information but provides indications of the relative importance of various habitat types without classifying any as avoided. High elevation habitat (&gt; 1700 masl) on moderate slopes (16 – 45°) received the highest ranks, as did “warm” (136 – 315°) aspects and f...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/80966558" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9ce4d42cfccc3e659215c64daec4f5ba" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":87172428,"asset_id":80966558,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/87172428/download_file?st=MTczOTgwNTkzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2709569" href="https://ucalgary.academia.edu/NigelWaters">Nigel Waters</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2709569" type="text/json">{"id":2709569,"first_name":"Nigel","last_name":"Waters","domain_name":"ucalgary","page_name":"NigelWaters","display_name":"Nigel Waters","profile_url":"https://ucalgary.academia.edu/NigelWaters?f_ri=4266","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2709569/870951/1086917/s65_nigel.waters.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_80966558 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="80966558"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 80966558, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_80966558", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_80966558 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 80966558; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_80966558"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_80966558 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="80966558"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 80966558; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=80966558]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_80966558").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_80966558").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="80966558"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4266" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology">Wildlife Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4266" type="text/json">{"id":4266,"name":"Wildlife Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7651" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Ecology_And_Management">Wildlife Ecology And Management</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7651" type="text/json">{"id":7651,"name":"Wildlife Ecology And Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Ecology_And_Management?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7710" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7710" type="text/json">{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9846" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology">Ecology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="9846" type="text/json">{"id":9846,"name":"Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=80966558]'), work: {"id":80966558,"title":"Translocation and Recovery Efforts for the Telkwa Caribou, \u003cem\u003eRangifer tarandus caribou\u003c/em\u003e, Herd in Westcentral British Columbia, 1997-2005","created_at":"2022-06-07T19:39:36.857-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/80966558/Translocation_and_Recovery_Efforts_for_the_Telkwa_Caribou_em_Rangifer_tarandus_caribou_em_Herd_in_Westcentral_British_Columbia_1997_2005?f_ri=4266","dom_id":"work_80966558","summary":"During 1997–1999, 32 Woodland Caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) were translocated from the Sustut Herd to the Telkwa Mountains in westcentral British Columbia to augment recovery of the Telkwa Caribou Herd. The animals were fitted with radiocollars and located during 1997–2000 to determine selection of habitat features and terrain variables. Six Caribou calves were also collared to determine causes and timing of calf mortality during summer 1999. Defining available habitat for newly translocated animals is often arbitrary and subjective, and we based the analyses on ranks for habitat use and availability as this is less sensitive to the inclusion or exclusion of a questionable resource. This method represents some loss of information but provides indications of the relative importance of various habitat types without classifying any as avoided. High elevation habitat (\u0026gt; 1700 masl) on moderate slopes (16 – 45°) received the highest ranks, as did “warm” (136 – 315°) aspects and f...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":87172428,"asset_id":80966558,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2709569,"first_name":"Nigel","last_name":"Waters","domain_name":"ucalgary","page_name":"NigelWaters","display_name":"Nigel Waters","profile_url":"https://ucalgary.academia.edu/NigelWaters?f_ri=4266","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2709569/870951/1086917/s65_nigel.waters.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4266,"name":"Wildlife Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":7651,"name":"Wildlife Ecology And Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Ecology_And_Management?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":9846,"name":"Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":19406,"name":"Human-wildlife conflicts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human-wildlife_conflicts?f_ri=4266"},{"id":22413,"name":"Wildlife Conservation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Conservation?f_ri=4266"},{"id":129557,"name":"Habitat Selection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Habitat_Selection?f_ri=4266"},{"id":133572,"name":"Wildlife Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Management?f_ri=4266"},{"id":198379,"name":"British Columbia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/British_Columbia?f_ri=4266"},{"id":350517,"name":"HERD","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/HERD?f_ri=4266"},{"id":1866825,"name":"Woodland Caribou","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Woodland_Caribou?f_ri=4266"},{"id":2008440,"name":"Rangifer tarandus caribou","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rangifer_tarandus_caribou?f_ri=4266"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_11913762" data-work_id="11913762" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11913762/Hunting_with_Gist_wild_game_provisioning_during_the_1750_expedition_of_Christopher_Gist_to_the_Ohio_Country">Hunting with Gist: wild game provisioning during the 1750 expedition of Christopher Gist to the Ohio Country. </a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Early frontier expeditions in North America often relied on hunting of wild game to supplement carried food stocks. Typically, journals of these expeditions provided little to no information on the game species harvested or the numbers of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_11913762" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Early frontier expeditions in North America often relied on hunting of wild game to supplement carried food stocks. Typically, journals of these expeditions provided little to no information on the game species harvested or the numbers of animals taken. In September 1750, frontiersman Christopher Gist was contracted by the Ohio Company to “search out and discover the lands of the River Ohio…and to take an exact and particular journal of all your proceedings”. Gist’s journal was detailed on the lands, peoples, and resources he saw, including the species and numbers of wild game harvested to support the expedition. Five game species were harvested: bear, deer, “buffaloe”, elk, and turkey. I compare and contrast the value of each of these species in providing sustenance to the expedition and suggest that black bear provided the greatest food resource in quantity, quality (fat and protein), and potential portability once processed (e.g., “bear bacon”).</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/11913762" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="82368c671b11eea0fee8bc492ce3ba64" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37284429,"asset_id":11913762,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37284429/download_file?st=MTczOTgwNTkzMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="469893" href="https://columbiasouthern.academia.edu/CharlesWilliams">Charles E Williams</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="469893" type="text/json">{"id":469893,"first_name":"Charles","last_name":"Williams","domain_name":"columbiasouthern","page_name":"CharlesWilliams","display_name":"Charles E Williams","profile_url":"https://columbiasouthern.academia.edu/CharlesWilliams?f_ri=4266","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/469893/712421/884815/s65_charles_e..williams.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_11913762 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="11913762"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 11913762, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_11913762", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_11913762 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11913762; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_11913762"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_11913762 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="11913762"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11913762; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=11913762]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_11913762").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_11913762").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="11913762"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="128" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History">History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="128" type="text/json">{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="958" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Archaeology">Historical Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="958" type="text/json">{"id":958,"name":"Historical Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Archaeology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4266" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology">Wildlife Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4266" type="text/json">{"id":4266,"name":"Wildlife Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7651" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Ecology_And_Management">Wildlife Ecology And Management</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7651" type="text/json">{"id":7651,"name":"Wildlife Ecology And Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Ecology_And_Management?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=11913762]'), work: {"id":11913762,"title":"Hunting with Gist: wild game provisioning during the 1750 expedition of Christopher Gist to the Ohio Country. ","created_at":"2015-04-12T15:06:32.576-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/11913762/Hunting_with_Gist_wild_game_provisioning_during_the_1750_expedition_of_Christopher_Gist_to_the_Ohio_Country?f_ri=4266","dom_id":"work_11913762","summary":"Early frontier expeditions in North America often relied on hunting of wild game to supplement carried food stocks. Typically, journals of these expeditions provided little to no information on the game species harvested or the numbers of animals taken. In September 1750, frontiersman Christopher Gist was contracted by the Ohio Company to “search out and discover the lands of the River Ohio…and to take an exact and particular journal of all your proceedings”. Gist’s journal was detailed on the lands, peoples, and resources he saw, including the species and numbers of wild game harvested to support the expedition. Five game species were harvested: bear, deer, “buffaloe”, elk, and turkey. I compare and contrast the value of each of these species in providing sustenance to the expedition and suggest that black bear provided the greatest food resource in quantity, quality (fat and protein), and potential portability once processed (e.g., “bear bacon”). ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37284429,"asset_id":11913762,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":469893,"first_name":"Charles","last_name":"Williams","domain_name":"columbiasouthern","page_name":"CharlesWilliams","display_name":"Charles E Williams","profile_url":"https://columbiasouthern.academia.edu/CharlesWilliams?f_ri=4266","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/469893/712421/884815/s65_charles_e..williams.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":958,"name":"Historical Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Archaeology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":4266,"name":"Wildlife Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":7651,"name":"Wildlife Ecology And Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Ecology_And_Management?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":15881,"name":"Pennsylvania History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pennsylvania_History?f_ri=4266"},{"id":22413,"name":"Wildlife Conservation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Conservation?f_ri=4266"},{"id":32363,"name":"Historical Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Ecology?f_ri=4266"},{"id":91720,"name":"Ohio History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ohio_History?f_ri=4266"},{"id":335341,"name":"Pennsylvania Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pennsylvania_Archaeology?f_ri=4266"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_9679612" data-work_id="9679612" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9679612/Western_North_American_Naturalist_71_3_2011_pp_418_424_GREATER_SAGE_GROUSE_MOVEMENTS_AND_HABITAT_USE_DURING_WINTER_IN_CENTRAL_OREGON">Western North American Naturalist 71(3), © 2011, pp. 418–424 GREATER SAGE-GROUSE MOVEMENTS AND HABITAT USE DURING WINTER IN CENTRAL OREGON</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/9679612" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="051001d2dba509ac92d8fbc46af31ab2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":35873519,"asset_id":9679612,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/35873519/download_file?st=MTczOTgwNTkzMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="23151672" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JenniferKindel">Jennifer (Bruce) Kindel</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="23151672" type="text/json">{"id":23151672,"first_name":"Jennifer","last_name":"(Bruce) Kindel","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JenniferKindel","display_name":"Jennifer (Bruce) Kindel","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JenniferKindel?f_ri=4266","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/23151672/7915081/8867596/s65_jennifer._bruce_kindel.jpg_oh_94c7b8dbc993de1ac389c844fddf889d_oe_55b1826f___gda___1438365176_44c8621f85194ae39a9f73dafd2edec4"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_9679612 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="9679612"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 9679612, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_9679612", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_9679612 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9679612; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_9679612"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_9679612 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="9679612"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9679612; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9679612]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_9679612").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_9679612").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="9679612"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2467" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation_Biology">Conservation Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2467" type="text/json">{"id":2467,"name":"Conservation Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4266" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology">Wildlife Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4266" type="text/json">{"id":4266,"name":"Wildlife Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7651" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Ecology_And_Management">Wildlife Ecology And Management</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7651" type="text/json">{"id":7651,"name":"Wildlife Ecology And Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Ecology_And_Management?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9846" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology">Ecology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="9846" type="text/json">{"id":9846,"name":"Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=9679612]'), work: {"id":9679612,"title":"Western North American Naturalist 71(3), © 2011, pp. 418–424 GREATER SAGE-GROUSE MOVEMENTS AND HABITAT USE DURING WINTER IN CENTRAL OREGON","created_at":"2014-12-08T12:53:02.465-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/9679612/Western_North_American_Naturalist_71_3_2011_pp_418_424_GREATER_SAGE_GROUSE_MOVEMENTS_AND_HABITAT_USE_DURING_WINTER_IN_CENTRAL_OREGON?f_ri=4266","dom_id":"work_9679612","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":35873519,"asset_id":9679612,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":23151672,"first_name":"Jennifer","last_name":"(Bruce) Kindel","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JenniferKindel","display_name":"Jennifer (Bruce) Kindel","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JenniferKindel?f_ri=4266","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/23151672/7915081/8867596/s65_jennifer._bruce_kindel.jpg_oh_94c7b8dbc993de1ac389c844fddf889d_oe_55b1826f___gda___1438365176_44c8621f85194ae39a9f73dafd2edec4"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2467,"name":"Conservation Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":4266,"name":"Wildlife Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":7651,"name":"Wildlife Ecology And Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Ecology_And_Management?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":9846,"name":"Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_26793753" data-work_id="26793753" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/26793753/Structure_of_an_Arid_Tropical_Bird_Community_Rajasthan">Structure of an Arid Tropical Bird Community, Rajasthan</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Page 1. Chapter 8 Structure of an Arid Tropical Bird Community, Rajasthan C. Sivaperuman, S. Dookia, PL Kankane, and QH Baqri Abstract The diversity and abundance of avifauna in the Thar Desert, Rajasthan were studied from May 2000 to May... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_26793753" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Page 1. Chapter 8 Structure of an Arid Tropical Bird Community, Rajasthan C. Sivaperuman, S. Dookia, PL Kankane, and QH Baqri Abstract The diversity and abundance of avifauna in the Thar Desert, Rajasthan were studied from May 2000 to May 2003. ...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/26793753" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1305782" href="https://ipu-in.academia.edu/SumitDookia">Sumit Dookia</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1305782" type="text/json">{"id":1305782,"first_name":"Sumit","last_name":"Dookia","domain_name":"ipu-in","page_name":"SumitDookia","display_name":"Sumit Dookia","profile_url":"https://ipu-in.academia.edu/SumitDookia?f_ri=4266","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1305782/482284/607266/s65_sumit.dookia.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_26793753 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="26793753"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 26793753, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_26793753", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_26793753 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26793753; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_26793753"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_26793753 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="26793753"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26793753; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26793753]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_26793753").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_26793753").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="26793753"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4266" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology">Wildlife Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4266" type="text/json">{"id":4266,"name":"Wildlife Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9098" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arid_environments">Arid environments</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9098" type="text/json">{"id":9098,"name":"Arid environments","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arid_environments?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="199056" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Species_Richness">Species Richness</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="199056" type="text/json">{"id":199056,"name":"Species Richness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Species_Richness?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="622923" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biodiversity_in_Avifauna">Biodiversity in Avifauna</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="622923" type="text/json">{"id":622923,"name":"Biodiversity in Avifauna","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biodiversity_in_Avifauna?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=26793753]'), work: {"id":26793753,"title":"Structure of an Arid Tropical Bird Community, Rajasthan","created_at":"2016-07-06T19:19:12.105-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/26793753/Structure_of_an_Arid_Tropical_Bird_Community_Rajasthan?f_ri=4266","dom_id":"work_26793753","summary":"Page 1. Chapter 8 Structure of an Arid Tropical Bird Community, Rajasthan C. Sivaperuman, S. Dookia, PL Kankane, and QH Baqri Abstract The diversity and abundance of avifauna in the Thar Desert, Rajasthan were studied from May 2000 to May 2003. ...","downloadable_attachments":[],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1305782,"first_name":"Sumit","last_name":"Dookia","domain_name":"ipu-in","page_name":"SumitDookia","display_name":"Sumit Dookia","profile_url":"https://ipu-in.academia.edu/SumitDookia?f_ri=4266","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1305782/482284/607266/s65_sumit.dookia.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4266,"name":"Wildlife Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":9098,"name":"Arid environments","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arid_environments?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":199056,"name":"Species Richness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Species_Richness?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":622923,"name":"Biodiversity in Avifauna","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biodiversity_in_Avifauna?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":956528,"name":"Bird Communities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bird_Communities?f_ri=4266"},{"id":1253050,"name":"Pigeon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pigeon?f_ri=4266"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_3681107" data-work_id="3681107" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3681107/Feeding_patterns_of_red_deer_Cervus_elaphus_along_an_altitudinal_gradient_in_the_Bohemian_Forest_effect_of_habitat_and_season">Feeding patterns of red deer Cervus elaphus along an altitudinal gradient in the Bohemian Forest: effect of habitat and season</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">We studied diet composition of red deer Cervus elaphus in the Bohemian Forest by micro-histological analysis of 207 samples of red deer faeces obtained on the Czech and the Bavarian side of the border. We carried out the research from... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_3681107" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">We studied diet composition of red deer Cervus elaphus in the Bohemian Forest by micro-histological analysis of 207 samples of red deer faeces obtained on the Czech and the Bavarian side of the border. We carried out the research from October 2006 to February 2008, and collected samples every two months at nine monitoring plots that were situated at different altitudes (i.e. from 600 to 1,250 m a.s.l.). Our results confirmed the classification of red deer among intermediate feeders with a mixed diet of graminoids (29.4%) and concentrate food items (60.6%). Concentrate food items were dominant in their diet all year round; however, the diet composition during the winter season differed from the diet composition during the vegetation season. This change was mainly represented by the strong increase in consumption of coniferous trees (from 5.7 to 26.4%) during winter. The amount of graminoids in the diet was higher during the vegetation season, which was caused by the intensive consumption of graminoids at two top-hill plots (up to 90% per sample). Likewise bilberry, Vaccinium myrtillus, with ripe berries was identified as an important food source only at the mountain ridge (up to 33% per sample). In agreement with our prediction, the diet composition of red deer at windthrow gaps (Blatny´vrch Hill and Schachtenau) differed from the diet composition at undisturbed forest sites. At the gaps, ferns were an intensively consumed food source (up to 80% per sample). Contrary to other mountain areas, ferns made up a much larger share of the diet not only during autumn and winter but also during spring and summer. At Schachtenau, red deer also fed extensively on bramble Rubus sp., which intensively proliferates at the gaps. Diet composition of red deer in the Bohemian Forest differed between seasons, between plots at the mountain ridge and plots situated at lower altitudes as well as between windthrow gaps and undisturbed forest sites. However, further research of diet selectivity is necessary to explain in detail the observed feeding patterns.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3681107" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a4d86c036f2af3147481c74b9f646693" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":31371511,"asset_id":3681107,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/31371511/download_file?st=MTczOTgwNTkzMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4489258" href="https://nationalpark-bayerischer-wald.academia.edu/MarcoHeurich">Prof. Dr. Marco Heurich</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4489258" type="text/json">{"id":4489258,"first_name":"Prof. Dr. Marco","last_name":"Heurich","domain_name":"nationalpark-bayerischer-wald","page_name":"MarcoHeurich","display_name":"Prof. Dr. Marco Heurich","profile_url":"https://nationalpark-bayerischer-wald.academia.edu/MarcoHeurich?f_ri=4266","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4489258/1848169/2197206/s65_marco.heurich.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_3681107 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="3681107"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 3681107, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_3681107", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_3681107 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 3681107; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_3681107"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_3681107 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="3681107"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 3681107; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=3681107]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_3681107").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_3681107").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="3681107"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4266" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology">Wildlife Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4266" type="text/json">{"id":4266,"name":"Wildlife Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7651" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Ecology_And_Management">Wildlife Ecology And Management</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7651" type="text/json">{"id":7651,"name":"Wildlife Ecology And Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Ecology_And_Management?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17829" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forest_Ecology">Forest Ecology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="17829" type="text/json">{"id":17829,"name":"Forest Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forest_Ecology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="19406" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human-wildlife_conflicts">Human-wildlife conflicts</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="19406" type="text/json">{"id":19406,"name":"Human-wildlife conflicts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human-wildlife_conflicts?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=3681107]'), work: {"id":3681107,"title":"Feeding patterns of red deer Cervus elaphus along an altitudinal gradient in the Bohemian Forest: effect of habitat and season","created_at":"2013-06-09T22:04:09.351-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/3681107/Feeding_patterns_of_red_deer_Cervus_elaphus_along_an_altitudinal_gradient_in_the_Bohemian_Forest_effect_of_habitat_and_season?f_ri=4266","dom_id":"work_3681107","summary":"We studied diet composition of red deer Cervus elaphus in the Bohemian Forest by micro-histological analysis of 207 samples of red deer faeces obtained on the Czech and the Bavarian side of the border. We carried out the research from October 2006 to February 2008, and collected samples every two months at nine monitoring plots that were situated at different altitudes (i.e. from 600 to 1,250 m a.s.l.). Our results confirmed the classification of red deer among intermediate feeders with a mixed diet of graminoids (29.4%) and concentrate food items (60.6%). Concentrate food items were dominant in their diet all year round; however, the diet composition during the winter season differed from the diet composition during the vegetation season. This change was mainly represented by the strong increase in consumption of coniferous trees (from 5.7 to 26.4%) during winter. The amount of graminoids in the diet was higher during the vegetation season, which was caused by the intensive consumption of graminoids at two top-hill plots (up to 90% per sample). Likewise bilberry, Vaccinium myrtillus, with ripe berries was identified as an important food source only at the mountain ridge (up to 33% per sample). In agreement with our prediction, the diet composition of red deer at windthrow gaps (Blatny´vrch Hill and Schachtenau) differed from the diet composition at undisturbed forest sites. At the gaps, ferns were an intensively consumed food source (up to 80% per sample). Contrary to other mountain areas, ferns made up a much larger share of the diet not only during autumn and winter but also during spring and summer. At Schachtenau, red deer also fed extensively on bramble Rubus sp., which intensively proliferates at the gaps. Diet composition of red deer in the Bohemian Forest differed between seasons, between plots at the mountain ridge and plots situated at lower altitudes as well as between windthrow gaps and undisturbed forest sites. However, further research of diet selectivity is necessary to explain in detail the observed feeding patterns.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":31371511,"asset_id":3681107,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4489258,"first_name":"Prof. Dr. Marco","last_name":"Heurich","domain_name":"nationalpark-bayerischer-wald","page_name":"MarcoHeurich","display_name":"Prof. Dr. Marco Heurich","profile_url":"https://nationalpark-bayerischer-wald.academia.edu/MarcoHeurich?f_ri=4266","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4489258/1848169/2197206/s65_marco.heurich.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4266,"name":"Wildlife Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":7651,"name":"Wildlife Ecology And Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Ecology_And_Management?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":17829,"name":"Forest Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forest_Ecology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":19406,"name":"Human-wildlife conflicts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human-wildlife_conflicts?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_71477361" data-work_id="71477361" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/71477361/Perspectives_of_ammunition_users_on_the_use_of_lead_ammunition_and_its_potential_impacts_on_wildlife_and_humans">Perspectives of ammunition users on the use of lead ammunition and its potential impacts on wildlife and humans</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">1. Recent national and international policy initiatives have aimed to reduce the exposure of humans and wildlife to lead from ammunition. Despite restrictions, in the UK, lead ammunition remains the most widespread source of environmental... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_71477361" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">1. Recent national and international policy initiatives have aimed to reduce the exposure of humans and wildlife to lead from ammunition. Despite restrictions, in the UK, lead ammunition remains the most widespread source of environmental lead contamination to which wildlife may be exposed. 2. The risks arising from the use of lead ammunition and the measures taken to mitigate these have prompted intense and sometimes acrimonious discussion between stakeholder groups, including those advancing the interests of shooting, wildlife conservation, public health and animal welfare. 3. However, relatively little is known of the perspectives of individual ammunition users, despite their role in adding lead to the environment and their pivotal place in any potential changes to practice. Using Q-methodology, we identified the perspectives of ammunition users in the UK on lead ammunition in an effort to bring forward evidence from these key stakeholders. 4. Views were characterised by two stat...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/71477361" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7ea3b53acda1dd9c55df4c711b47a201" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":80802570,"asset_id":71477361,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/80802570/download_file?st=MTczOTgwNTkzMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="138121320" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AliceLawrence8">Alice Lawrence</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="138121320" type="text/json">{"id":138121320,"first_name":"Alice","last_name":"Lawrence","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AliceLawrence8","display_name":"Alice Lawrence","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AliceLawrence8?f_ri=4266","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_71477361 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="71477361"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 71477361, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_71477361", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_71477361 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 71477361; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_71477361"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_71477361 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="71477361"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 71477361; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=71477361]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_71477361").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_71477361").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="71477361"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="184" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology">Sociology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="184" type="text/json">{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="402" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science">Environmental Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="402" type="text/json">{"id":402,"name":"Environmental Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2467" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation_Biology">Conservation Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2467" type="text/json">{"id":2467,"name":"Conservation Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2809" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation">Conservation</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2809" type="text/json">{"id":2809,"name":"Conservation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=71477361]'), work: {"id":71477361,"title":"Perspectives of ammunition users on the use of lead ammunition and its potential impacts on wildlife and humans","created_at":"2022-02-14T03:39:36.557-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/71477361/Perspectives_of_ammunition_users_on_the_use_of_lead_ammunition_and_its_potential_impacts_on_wildlife_and_humans?f_ri=4266","dom_id":"work_71477361","summary":"1. Recent national and international policy initiatives have aimed to reduce the exposure of humans and wildlife to lead from ammunition. Despite restrictions, in the UK, lead ammunition remains the most widespread source of environmental lead contamination to which wildlife may be exposed. 2. The risks arising from the use of lead ammunition and the measures taken to mitigate these have prompted intense and sometimes acrimonious discussion between stakeholder groups, including those advancing the interests of shooting, wildlife conservation, public health and animal welfare. 3. However, relatively little is known of the perspectives of individual ammunition users, despite their role in adding lead to the environment and their pivotal place in any potential changes to practice. Using Q-methodology, we identified the perspectives of ammunition users in the UK on lead ammunition in an effort to bring forward evidence from these key stakeholders. 4. Views were characterised by two stat...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":80802570,"asset_id":71477361,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":138121320,"first_name":"Alice","last_name":"Lawrence","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AliceLawrence8","display_name":"Alice Lawrence","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AliceLawrence8?f_ri=4266","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":402,"name":"Environmental Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":2467,"name":"Conservation Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":2809,"name":"Conservation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":4266,"name":"Wildlife Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology?f_ri=4266"},{"id":4552,"name":"Ecotoxicology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecotoxicology?f_ri=4266"},{"id":5107,"name":"Stakeholders","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stakeholders?f_ri=4266"},{"id":7549,"name":"Q Methodology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Q_Methodology?f_ri=4266"},{"id":22413,"name":"Wildlife Conservation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Conservation?f_ri=4266"},{"id":62436,"name":"Interviews","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Interviews?f_ri=4266"},{"id":71898,"name":"Perspective","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Perspective?f_ri=4266"},{"id":94349,"name":"Hunting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hunting?f_ri=4266"},{"id":102751,"name":"Waterbirds","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Waterbirds?f_ri=4266"},{"id":133960,"name":"Nature Conservation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nature_Conservation?f_ri=4266"},{"id":138633,"name":"Environmental contamination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_contamination?f_ri=4266"},{"id":147995,"name":"Lead Poisoning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lead_Poisoning?f_ri=4266"},{"id":159841,"name":"Wetland and Waterfowl research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wetland_and_Waterfowl_research?f_ri=4266"},{"id":258099,"name":"Shooting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Shooting?f_ri=4266"},{"id":1288766,"name":"Environmental Regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Regulation?f_ri=4266"},{"id":1772102,"name":"Ammunition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ammunition?f_ri=4266"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_62753817" data-work_id="62753817" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/62753817/The_Icelandic_Whooper_Swan_Cygnus_cygnus_population_current_status_and_long_term_1986_2020_trends_in_its_numbers_and_distribution">The Icelandic Whooper Swan Cygnus cygnus population: current status and long-term (1986-2020) trends in its numbers and distribution</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The eighth international census of Whooper Swans Cygnus cygnus wintering in Britain, Ireland and Iceland (also including the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands) took place in January 2020, to update the estimates of the size, midwinter... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_62753817" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The eighth international census of Whooper Swans Cygnus cygnus wintering in Britain, Ireland and Iceland (also including the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands) took place in January 2020, to update the estimates of the size, midwinter distribution, habitat use and breeding success of the Icelandic Whooper Swan population. The total of 43,255 swans counted represented a 27.2% increase in numbers since the previous census in 2015. Overall, 36.8% of the population (15,927 birds) was recorded in England, 33.4% (14,467) in the Republic of Ireland, 11.7% (5,052) in Scotland, 10.7% (4,644) in Northern Ireland and 6.8% (2,923) in Iceland, with < 1% (242) in Wales, the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands combined. Despite numbers increasing in both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland since 2015, the proportion of the total population in the Republic of Ireland was significantly lower in 2020 and no significant difference was detected for Northern Ireland, whereas proportions in England and Scotland were significantly higher in 2020 and lower in Iceland. Breeding success was not associated with temperatures on either the breeding or wintering grounds. It also showed no clear trend over time, suggesting that increased survival may be the demographic driver of the population growth.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/62753817" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="140f348e95e07a66064225716267d0ac" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":75423213,"asset_id":62753817,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/75423213/download_file?st=MTczOTgwNTkzMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1236289" href="https://wwt.academia.edu/KevinWood">Kevin Wood</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1236289" type="text/json">{"id":1236289,"first_name":"Kevin","last_name":"Wood","domain_name":"wwt","page_name":"KevinWood","display_name":"Kevin Wood","profile_url":"https://wwt.academia.edu/KevinWood?f_ri=4266","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1236289/449585/21996616/s65_kevin.wood.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_62753817 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="62753817"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 62753817, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_62753817", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_62753817 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 62753817; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_62753817"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_62753817 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="62753817"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 62753817; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=62753817]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_62753817").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_62753817").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="62753817"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1091" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ornithology">Ornithology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1091" type="text/json">{"id":1091,"name":"Ornithology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ornithology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2467" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation_Biology">Conservation Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2467" type="text/json">{"id":2467,"name":"Conservation Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4266" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology">Wildlife Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4266" type="text/json">{"id":4266,"name":"Wildlife Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4559" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reproduction">Reproduction</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4559" type="text/json">{"id":4559,"name":"Reproduction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reproduction?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=62753817]'), work: {"id":62753817,"title":"The Icelandic Whooper Swan Cygnus cygnus population: current status and long-term (1986-2020) trends in its numbers and distribution","created_at":"2021-11-30T12:43:01.389-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/62753817/The_Icelandic_Whooper_Swan_Cygnus_cygnus_population_current_status_and_long_term_1986_2020_trends_in_its_numbers_and_distribution?f_ri=4266","dom_id":"work_62753817","summary":"The eighth international census of Whooper Swans Cygnus cygnus wintering in Britain, Ireland and Iceland (also including the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands) took place in January 2020, to update the estimates of the size, midwinter distribution, habitat use and breeding success of the Icelandic Whooper Swan population. The total of 43,255 swans counted represented a 27.2% increase in numbers since the previous census in 2015. Overall, 36.8% of the population (15,927 birds) was recorded in England, 33.4% (14,467) in the Republic of Ireland, 11.7% (5,052) in Scotland, 10.7% (4,644) in Northern Ireland and 6.8% (2,923) in Iceland, with \u003c 1% (242) in Wales, the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands combined. Despite numbers increasing in both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland since 2015, the proportion of the total population in the Republic of Ireland was significantly lower in 2020 and no significant difference was detected for Northern Ireland, whereas proportions in England and Scotland were significantly higher in 2020 and lower in Iceland. Breeding success was not associated with temperatures on either the breeding or wintering grounds. It also showed no clear trend over time, suggesting that increased survival may be the demographic driver of the population growth.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":75423213,"asset_id":62753817,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1236289,"first_name":"Kevin","last_name":"Wood","domain_name":"wwt","page_name":"KevinWood","display_name":"Kevin Wood","profile_url":"https://wwt.academia.edu/KevinWood?f_ri=4266","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1236289/449585/21996616/s65_kevin.wood.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1091,"name":"Ornithology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ornithology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":2467,"name":"Conservation Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":4266,"name":"Wildlife Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":4559,"name":"Reproduction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reproduction?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":8968,"name":"Productivity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Productivity?f_ri=4266"},{"id":11417,"name":"Population Dynamics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Population_Dynamics?f_ri=4266"},{"id":11801,"name":"Environmental Monitoring","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Monitoring?f_ri=4266"},{"id":20444,"name":"Avian Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Avian_Ecology?f_ri=4266"},{"id":22675,"name":"Birds (Ecology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Birds_Ecology_?f_ri=4266"},{"id":23773,"name":"Avian Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Avian_Biology?f_ri=4266"},{"id":42653,"name":"Wildlife monitoring","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_monitoring?f_ri=4266"},{"id":82704,"name":"Threatened Species Conservation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Threatened_Species_Conservation?f_ri=4266"},{"id":102751,"name":"Waterbirds","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Waterbirds?f_ri=4266"},{"id":147838,"name":"Habitat Use","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Habitat_Use?f_ri=4266"},{"id":159841,"name":"Wetland and Waterfowl research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wetland_and_Waterfowl_research?f_ri=4266"},{"id":169636,"name":"Species Distribution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Species_Distribution?f_ri=4266"},{"id":405947,"name":"Wildfowl","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildfowl?f_ri=4266"},{"id":505099,"name":"Swans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Swans?f_ri=4266"},{"id":505456,"name":"Bird Population Monitoring","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bird_Population_Monitoring?f_ri=4266"},{"id":1216709,"name":"Whooper Swan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Whooper_Swan?f_ri=4266"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13406043 coauthored" data-work_id="13406043" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13406043/Selection_of_bed_sites_by_roe_deerCapreolus_capreolus_fawns_in_an_agricultural_landscape">Selection of bed-sites by roe deerCapreolus capreolus fawns in an agricultural landscape</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13406043" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="77f6913e6997c36f59e375a2f1b5046b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45379353,"asset_id":13406043,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45379353/download_file?st=MTczOTgwNTkzMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32628881" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ITeurlings">I. Teurlings</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32628881" type="text/json">{"id":32628881,"first_name":"I.","last_name":"Teurlings","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ITeurlings","display_name":"I. Teurlings","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ITeurlings?f_ri=4266","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-13406043">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-13406043"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://ntnu-no.academia.edu/reidarandersen">reidar andersen</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-13406043'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-13406043').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_13406043 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="13406043"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13406043, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_13406043", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_13406043 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13406043; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_13406043"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_13406043 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="13406043"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13406043; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13406043]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_13406043").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_13406043").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="13406043"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="173" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology">Zoology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="173" type="text/json">{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4266" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology">Wildlife Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4266" type="text/json">{"id":4266,"name":"Wildlife Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="50743" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Compositional_Analysis">Compositional Analysis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="50743" type="text/json">{"id":50743,"name":"Compositional Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Compositional_Analysis?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="57433" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seasonality">Seasonality</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="57433" type="text/json">{"id":57433,"name":"Seasonality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seasonality?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=13406043]'), work: {"id":13406043,"title":"Selection of bed-sites by roe deerCapreolus capreolus fawns in an agricultural landscape","created_at":"2015-06-29T01:05:44.075-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/13406043/Selection_of_bed_sites_by_roe_deerCapreolus_capreolus_fawns_in_an_agricultural_landscape?f_ri=4266","dom_id":"work_13406043","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45379353,"asset_id":13406043,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32628881,"first_name":"I.","last_name":"Teurlings","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ITeurlings","display_name":"I. Teurlings","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ITeurlings?f_ri=4266","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":10869775,"first_name":"reidar","last_name":"andersen","domain_name":"ntnu-no","page_name":"reidarandersen","display_name":"reidar andersen","profile_url":"https://ntnu-no.academia.edu/reidarandersen?f_ri=4266","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":4266,"name":"Wildlife Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":50743,"name":"Compositional Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Compositional_Analysis?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":57433,"name":"Seasonality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seasonality?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":57605,"name":"Capreolus capreolus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Capreolus_capreolus?f_ri=4266"},{"id":57607,"name":"Roe Deer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roe_Deer?f_ri=4266"},{"id":129557,"name":"Habitat Selection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Habitat_Selection?f_ri=4266"},{"id":147838,"name":"Habitat Use","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Habitat_Use?f_ri=4266"},{"id":183367,"name":"Boreal Forest","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Boreal_Forest?f_ri=4266"},{"id":277496,"name":"Site Selection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Site_Selection?f_ri=4266"},{"id":614258,"name":"Agricultural landscape","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agricultural_landscape?f_ri=4266"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_66622477" data-work_id="66622477" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/66622477/Dung_beetle_richness_is_positively_affected_by_the_density_of_wild_ungulate_populations_in_forests">Dung beetle richness is positively affected by the density of wild ungulate populations in forests</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Dung beetles are a functionally important group of species, and the effects of large wild herbivores on these species are not well understood. Management of wild herbivores could, therefore, have considerable consequences for dung beetle... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_66622477" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Dung beetles are a functionally important group of species, and the effects of large wild herbivores on these species are not well understood. Management of wild herbivores could, therefore, have considerable consequences for dung beetle assemblages and the ecosystem services they provide. Here, we analysed how species richness, biomass, abundance, and composition of dung beetle assemblages were affected by different dung availability as a consequence of different red deer (Cervus elaphus) densities under field conditions. This was done in spring and autumn over four independent study regions in Central Europe where red deer are the most important providers of dung in forests. Our results show that forest sites with high dung availability support higher species richness of dung beetles than sites with low availability. This effect is independent of season and could be explained by the different colonisation patterns of beetle species which vary in their competitiveness. As aggregated dung resources increase opportunities for low-competitive species, those species establish small populations and do not necessarily increase the abundance of the whole assemblage. Our results show that the current policies to limit deer populations also limit higher levels of species diversity of this functionally important arthropod taxon. We highlight the importance of hunting-free areas for the conservation of insect diversity associated with large herbivores. In strictly protected areas with low herbivore densities we suggest to reduce control of ungulate numbers to provide sufficient resources for maintaining dung beetle diversity. Keywords Trophic interactions • protected areas • dung availability • bottom-up effects • hunting • Cervus elaphus Communicated by Andreas Schuldt.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/66622477" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="973aec7fa04ac744acb668ed65096b26" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":77741095,"asset_id":66622477,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/77741095/download_file?st=MTczOTgwNTkzMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4489258" href="https://nationalpark-bayerischer-wald.academia.edu/MarcoHeurich">Prof. Dr. Marco Heurich</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4489258" type="text/json">{"id":4489258,"first_name":"Prof. Dr. Marco","last_name":"Heurich","domain_name":"nationalpark-bayerischer-wald","page_name":"MarcoHeurich","display_name":"Prof. Dr. Marco Heurich","profile_url":"https://nationalpark-bayerischer-wald.academia.edu/MarcoHeurich?f_ri=4266","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4489258/1848169/2197206/s65_marco.heurich.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_66622477 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="66622477"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 66622477, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_66622477", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_66622477 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 66622477; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_66622477"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_66622477 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="66622477"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 66622477; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=66622477]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_66622477").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_66622477").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="66622477"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="173" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology">Zoology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="173" type="text/json">{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="178" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Entomology">Entomology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="178" type="text/json">{"id":178,"name":"Entomology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Entomology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2467" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation_Biology">Conservation Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2467" type="text/json">{"id":2467,"name":"Conservation Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4266" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology">Wildlife Biology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4266" type="text/json">{"id":4266,"name":"Wildlife Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=66622477]'), work: {"id":66622477,"title":"Dung beetle richness is positively affected by the density of wild ungulate populations in forests","created_at":"2021-12-30T13:18:10.208-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/66622477/Dung_beetle_richness_is_positively_affected_by_the_density_of_wild_ungulate_populations_in_forests?f_ri=4266","dom_id":"work_66622477","summary":"Dung beetles are a functionally important group of species, and the effects of large wild herbivores on these species are not well understood. Management of wild herbivores could, therefore, have considerable consequences for dung beetle assemblages and the ecosystem services they provide. Here, we analysed how species richness, biomass, abundance, and composition of dung beetle assemblages were affected by different dung availability as a consequence of different red deer (Cervus elaphus) densities under field conditions. This was done in spring and autumn over four independent study regions in Central Europe where red deer are the most important providers of dung in forests. Our results show that forest sites with high dung availability support higher species richness of dung beetles than sites with low availability. This effect is independent of season and could be explained by the different colonisation patterns of beetle species which vary in their competitiveness. As aggregated dung resources increase opportunities for low-competitive species, those species establish small populations and do not necessarily increase the abundance of the whole assemblage. Our results show that the current policies to limit deer populations also limit higher levels of species diversity of this functionally important arthropod taxon. We highlight the importance of hunting-free areas for the conservation of insect diversity associated with large herbivores. In strictly protected areas with low herbivore densities we suggest to reduce control of ungulate numbers to provide sufficient resources for maintaining dung beetle diversity. Keywords Trophic interactions • protected areas • dung availability • bottom-up effects • hunting • Cervus elaphus Communicated by Andreas Schuldt.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":77741095,"asset_id":66622477,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4489258,"first_name":"Prof. Dr. Marco","last_name":"Heurich","domain_name":"nationalpark-bayerischer-wald","page_name":"MarcoHeurich","display_name":"Prof. Dr. Marco Heurich","profile_url":"https://nationalpark-bayerischer-wald.academia.edu/MarcoHeurich?f_ri=4266","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4489258/1848169/2197206/s65_marco.heurich.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":178,"name":"Entomology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Entomology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":2467,"name":"Conservation Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":4266,"name":"Wildlife Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":9846,"name":"Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology?f_ri=4266"},{"id":17829,"name":"Forest Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forest_Ecology?f_ri=4266"},{"id":22413,"name":"Wildlife Conservation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Conservation?f_ri=4266"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13085710 coauthored" data-work_id="13085710" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13085710/Fast_food_bears_brown_bear_diet_in_a_human_dominated_landscape_with_intensive_supplemental_feeding">Fast food bears: brown bear diet in a human-dominated landscape with intensive supplemental feeding</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13085710" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="449dc874b245d0bb9a80c741131f4378" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45688122,"asset_id":13085710,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45688122/download_file?st=MTczOTgwNTkzMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32331121" href="https://uni-lj.academia.edu/KlemenJerina">Klemen Jerina</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32331121" type="text/json">{"id":32331121,"first_name":"Klemen","last_name":"Jerina","domain_name":"uni-lj","page_name":"KlemenJerina","display_name":"Klemen Jerina","profile_url":"https://uni-lj.academia.edu/KlemenJerina?f_ri=4266","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-13085710">+2</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-13085710"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://uni-lj.academia.edu/IrenaKav%C4%8Di%C4%8D">Irena Kavčič</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/MihaAdami%C4%8D">Miha Adamič</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-13085710'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-13085710').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_13085710 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="13085710"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13085710, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_13085710", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_13085710 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13085710; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_13085710"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_13085710 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="13085710"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13085710; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13085710]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_13085710").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_13085710").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="13085710"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="173" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology">Zoology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="173" type="text/json">{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4266" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology">Wildlife Biology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4266" type="text/json">{"id":4266,"name":"Wildlife Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=13085710]'), work: {"id":13085710,"title":"Fast food bears: brown bear diet in a human-dominated landscape with intensive supplemental feeding","created_at":"2015-06-18T14:00:23.333-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/13085710/Fast_food_bears_brown_bear_diet_in_a_human_dominated_landscape_with_intensive_supplemental_feeding?f_ri=4266","dom_id":"work_13085710","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45688122,"asset_id":13085710,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32331121,"first_name":"Klemen","last_name":"Jerina","domain_name":"uni-lj","page_name":"KlemenJerina","display_name":"Klemen Jerina","profile_url":"https://uni-lj.academia.edu/KlemenJerina?f_ri=4266","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":32404423,"first_name":"Irena","last_name":"Kavčič","domain_name":"uni-lj","page_name":"IrenaKavčič","display_name":"Irena Kavčič","profile_url":"https://uni-lj.academia.edu/IrenaKav%C4%8Di%C4%8D?f_ri=4266","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":32391489,"first_name":"Miha","last_name":"Adamič","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MihaAdamič","display_name":"Miha Adamič","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MihaAdami%C4%8D?f_ri=4266","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":4266,"name":"Wildlife Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_3048900" data-work_id="3048900" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3048900/Trophic_ecology_of_a_top_predator_colonizing_the_southern_extreme_of_South_America_Feeding_habits_of_invasive_American_mink_Neovison_vison_in_Tierra_del_Fuego">Trophic ecology of a top predator colonizing the southern extreme of South America: Feeding habits of invasive American mink (Neovison vison) in Tierra del Fuego</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The American mink (Neovison vison) is a semi-aquatic, generalist carnivore released onto Tierra del Fuego (TDF) Island in the 1940s, subsequently spreading to adjacent islands in the archipelago with potential effects on native prey... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_3048900" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The American mink (Neovison vison) is a semi-aquatic, generalist carnivore released onto Tierra del Fuego (TDF) Island in the 1940s, subsequently spreading to adjacent islands in the archipelago with potential effects on native prey populations. Knowledge of this new predator’s trophic ecology is essential to identify threats, plan control strategies and conserve native fauna. We studied seasonal mink diet in TDF in different habitats. We identified undigested remains from 493 scats collected between May 2005 and March 2009 along marine coasts and freshwater shores (rivers and lakes). Small mammals and fish were the main mink prey in TDF (over 65% of diet items). Seasonal variations were not detected, but diet did vary significantly between marine and freshwater habitats, where more terrestrial items were consumed. Among mammals, mink consumed more small native rodents than exotic species. Native fish consumption was also important with greater representation of species from the families Nototheniidae and Galaxiidae in marine and freshwater habitats respectively. Birds were the third item in importance, but did not constitute a particularly large part of the mink’s diet on TDF. Overall, differences found in mink diet between habitats reflected their generalist/opportunistic feeding behaviour and did not differ greatly from observations in its native range or in other areas where it has been introduced. Our results establish the interactions between this novel predator and its prey and also illustrate the need to continue research on native prey populations to quantify mink impact on them and understand the ecological context of this biotic assemblage.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3048900" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="fadd8364ee53f347e773e954477e3ad6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":30980116,"asset_id":3048900,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/30980116/download_file?st=MTczOTgwNTkzMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1417263" href="https://untdf.academia.edu/AlejandroValenzuela">Alejandro Valenzuela</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1417263" type="text/json">{"id":1417263,"first_name":"Alejandro","last_name":"Valenzuela","domain_name":"untdf","page_name":"AlejandroValenzuela","display_name":"Alejandro Valenzuela","profile_url":"https://untdf.academia.edu/AlejandroValenzuela?f_ri=4266","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1417263/510945/63470609/s65_alejandro.valenzuela.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_3048900 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="3048900"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 3048900, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_3048900", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_3048900 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 3048900; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_3048900"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_3048900 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="3048900"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 3048900; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=3048900]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_3048900").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_3048900").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="3048900"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4266" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology">Wildlife Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4266" type="text/json">{"id":4266,"name":"Wildlife Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5222" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation_Ecology">Conservation Ecology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5222" type="text/json">{"id":5222,"name":"Conservation Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation_Ecology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7651" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Ecology_And_Management">Wildlife Ecology And Management</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7651" type="text/json">{"id":7651,"name":"Wildlife Ecology And Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Ecology_And_Management?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7997" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Invasive_species_ecology">Invasive species ecology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7997" type="text/json">{"id":7997,"name":"Invasive species ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Invasive_species_ecology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=3048900]'), work: {"id":3048900,"title":"Trophic ecology of a top predator colonizing the southern extreme of South America: Feeding habits of invasive American mink (Neovison vison) in Tierra del Fuego","created_at":"2013-03-18T04:25:41.069-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/3048900/Trophic_ecology_of_a_top_predator_colonizing_the_southern_extreme_of_South_America_Feeding_habits_of_invasive_American_mink_Neovison_vison_in_Tierra_del_Fuego?f_ri=4266","dom_id":"work_3048900","summary":"The American mink (Neovison vison) is a semi-aquatic, generalist carnivore released onto Tierra del Fuego (TDF) Island in the 1940s, subsequently spreading to adjacent islands in the archipelago with potential effects on native prey populations. Knowledge of this new predator’s trophic ecology is essential to identify threats, plan control strategies and conserve native fauna. We studied seasonal mink diet in TDF in different habitats. We identified undigested remains from 493 scats collected between May 2005 and March 2009 along marine coasts and freshwater shores (rivers and lakes). Small mammals and fish were the main mink prey in TDF (over 65% of diet items). Seasonal variations were not detected, but diet did vary significantly between marine and freshwater habitats, where more terrestrial items were consumed. Among mammals, mink consumed more small native rodents than exotic species. Native fish consumption was also important with greater representation of species from the families Nototheniidae and Galaxiidae in marine and freshwater habitats respectively. Birds were the third item in importance, but did not constitute a particularly large part of the mink’s diet on TDF. Overall, differences found in mink diet between habitats reflected their generalist/opportunistic feeding behaviour and did not differ greatly from observations in its native range or in other areas where it has been introduced. Our results establish the interactions between this novel predator and its prey and also illustrate the need to continue research on native prey populations to quantify mink impact on them and understand the ecological context of this biotic assemblage.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":30980116,"asset_id":3048900,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1417263,"first_name":"Alejandro","last_name":"Valenzuela","domain_name":"untdf","page_name":"AlejandroValenzuela","display_name":"Alejandro Valenzuela","profile_url":"https://untdf.academia.edu/AlejandroValenzuela?f_ri=4266","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1417263/510945/63470609/s65_alejandro.valenzuela.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4266,"name":"Wildlife Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":5222,"name":"Conservation Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation_Ecology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":7651,"name":"Wildlife Ecology And Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Ecology_And_Management?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":7997,"name":"Invasive species ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Invasive_species_ecology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":9846,"name":"Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology?f_ri=4266"},{"id":11186,"name":"Mammalogy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mammalogy?f_ri=4266"},{"id":11870,"name":"Invasive Species","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Invasive_Species?f_ri=4266"},{"id":11886,"name":"Population ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Population_ecology?f_ri=4266"},{"id":13338,"name":"Invasion Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Invasion_Ecology?f_ri=4266"},{"id":14483,"name":"Animal Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Ecology?f_ri=4266"},{"id":17792,"name":"Biological invasions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_invasions?f_ri=4266"},{"id":17890,"name":"Carnivore Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carnivore_Ecology?f_ri=4266"},{"id":22413,"name":"Wildlife Conservation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Conservation?f_ri=4266"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_10366866" data-work_id="10366866" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/10366866/Sexual_Dimorphism_in_Captive_Bred_Gallicolumba_luzonica_Individuals_from_Avilon_Wildlife_Conservation_Foundation_by_Breast_Patch_Size_Measurement">Sexual Dimorphism in Captive Bred Gallicolumba luzonica Individuals from Avilon Wildlife Conservation Foundation by Breast Patch Size Measurement</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/10366866" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ec98386e5c216ad4e20a231338233ae7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":36433847,"asset_id":10366866,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36433847/download_file?st=MTczOTgwNTkzMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5206600" href="https://up-losbanos.academia.edu/JosemariaFuentes">Josemaria Fuentes</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5206600" type="text/json">{"id":5206600,"first_name":"Josemaria","last_name":"Fuentes","domain_name":"up-losbanos","page_name":"JosemariaFuentes","display_name":"Josemaria Fuentes","profile_url":"https://up-losbanos.academia.edu/JosemariaFuentes?f_ri=4266","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5206600/2293488/7847901/s65_josemaria.fuentes.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_10366866 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="10366866"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 10366866, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_10366866", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_10366866 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 10366866; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_10366866"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_10366866 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="10366866"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 10366866; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=10366866]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_10366866").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_10366866").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="10366866"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1091" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ornithology">Ornithology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1091" type="text/json">{"id":1091,"name":"Ornithology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ornithology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4266" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology">Wildlife Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4266" type="text/json">{"id":4266,"name":"Wildlife Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="96324" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Birds">Birds</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="96324" type="text/json">{"id":96324,"name":"Birds","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Birds?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="113579" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife">Wildlife</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="113579" type="text/json">{"id":113579,"name":"Wildlife","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=10366866]'), work: {"id":10366866,"title":"Sexual Dimorphism in Captive Bred Gallicolumba luzonica Individuals from Avilon Wildlife Conservation Foundation by Breast Patch Size Measurement","created_at":"2015-01-28T20:02:33.275-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/10366866/Sexual_Dimorphism_in_Captive_Bred_Gallicolumba_luzonica_Individuals_from_Avilon_Wildlife_Conservation_Foundation_by_Breast_Patch_Size_Measurement?f_ri=4266","dom_id":"work_10366866","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":36433847,"asset_id":10366866,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5206600,"first_name":"Josemaria","last_name":"Fuentes","domain_name":"up-losbanos","page_name":"JosemariaFuentes","display_name":"Josemaria Fuentes","profile_url":"https://up-losbanos.academia.edu/JosemariaFuentes?f_ri=4266","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5206600/2293488/7847901/s65_josemaria.fuentes.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1091,"name":"Ornithology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ornithology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":4266,"name":"Wildlife Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":96324,"name":"Birds","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Birds?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":113579,"name":"Wildlife","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":144339,"name":"Pigeons","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pigeons?f_ri=4266"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_225440" data-work_id="225440" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/225440/Trouble_in_Paradise_Indigenous_populations_anthropological_policies_and_biodiversity_conservation_in_Manu_National_Park_Peru">Trouble in Paradise: Indigenous populations, anthropological policies, and biodiversity conservation in Manu National Park, Peru.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Manu National Park was founded in 1973 on a profound contradiction: the “untouchable” core area is in fact the homeland of a large Amerindian population, including the Matsigenka (Machiguenga). Some view the Westernization of native... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_225440" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Manu National Park was founded in 1973 on a profound contradiction: the “untouchable” core area is in fact the homeland of a large Amerindian population, including the Matsigenka (Machiguenga). Some view the Westernization of native communities living in protected areas as a threat to biodiversity conservation and suggest that such populations should be enticed to resettle outside parks. Here, we present an overview of the indigenous populations of Manu, outline the history of the park and its anthropological policies, and discuss evolving park-Matsigenka conflicts as well as areas of common interest. Analysis reveals that resettlement has no political, legal, or practical viability. Thus, given the options available, we propose that long-term biodiversity conservation can best be achieved through a ‘tenure for defense’ trade: indigenous communities receive explicit benefits (direct and indirect) in exchange for helping to defend the park against incursion and managing vulnerable resources such as game animals.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/225440" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="aad6cf520808743939fb6b5b77fd6241" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":850429,"asset_id":225440,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/850429/download_file?st=MTczOTgwNTkzMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="125994" href="https://eastanglia.academia.edu/DouglasYu">Douglas Yu</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="125994" type="text/json">{"id":125994,"first_name":"Douglas","last_name":"Yu","domain_name":"eastanglia","page_name":"DouglasYu","display_name":"Douglas Yu","profile_url":"https://eastanglia.academia.edu/DouglasYu?f_ri=4266","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/125994/85860/10862957/s65_douglas.yu.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_225440 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="225440"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 225440, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_225440", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_225440 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 225440; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_225440"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_225440 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="225440"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 225440; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=225440]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_225440").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_225440").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="225440"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="926" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_Studies">Indigenous Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="926" type="text/json">{"id":926,"name":"Indigenous Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_Studies?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1700" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnobotany">Ethnobotany</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1700" type="text/json">{"id":1700,"name":"Ethnobotany","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnobotany?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4266" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology">Wildlife Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4266" type="text/json">{"id":4266,"name":"Wildlife Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5060" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_Politics">Indigenous Politics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="5060" type="text/json">{"id":5060,"name":"Indigenous Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_Politics?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=225440]'), work: {"id":225440,"title":"Trouble in Paradise: Indigenous populations, anthropological policies, and biodiversity conservation in Manu National Park, Peru.","created_at":"2010-04-03T17:44:56.013-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/225440/Trouble_in_Paradise_Indigenous_populations_anthropological_policies_and_biodiversity_conservation_in_Manu_National_Park_Peru?f_ri=4266","dom_id":"work_225440","summary":"Manu National Park was founded in 1973 on a profound contradiction: the “untouchable” core area is in fact the homeland of a large Amerindian population, including the Matsigenka (Machiguenga). Some view the Westernization of native communities living in protected areas as a threat to biodiversity conservation and suggest that such populations should be enticed to resettle outside parks. Here, we present an overview of the indigenous populations of Manu, outline the history of the park and its anthropological policies, and discuss evolving park-Matsigenka conflicts as well as areas of common interest. Analysis reveals that resettlement has no political, legal, or practical viability. Thus, given the options available, we propose that long-term biodiversity conservation can best be achieved through a ‘tenure for defense’ trade: indigenous communities receive explicit benefits (direct and indirect) in exchange for helping to defend the park against incursion and managing vulnerable resources such as game animals.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":850429,"asset_id":225440,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":125994,"first_name":"Douglas","last_name":"Yu","domain_name":"eastanglia","page_name":"DouglasYu","display_name":"Douglas Yu","profile_url":"https://eastanglia.academia.edu/DouglasYu?f_ri=4266","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/125994/85860/10862957/s65_douglas.yu.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":926,"name":"Indigenous Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_Studies?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":1700,"name":"Ethnobotany","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnobotany?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":4266,"name":"Wildlife Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":5060,"name":"Indigenous Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_Politics?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":7651,"name":"Wildlife Ecology And Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Ecology_And_Management?f_ri=4266"},{"id":8331,"name":"Indigenous Knowledge","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_Knowledge?f_ri=4266"},{"id":17825,"name":"Biodiversity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biodiversity?f_ri=4266"},{"id":19406,"name":"Human-wildlife conflicts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human-wildlife_conflicts?f_ri=4266"},{"id":192752,"name":"Machigenga","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Machigenga?f_ri=4266"},{"id":192753,"name":"Machiguenga","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Machiguenga?f_ri=4266"},{"id":192754,"name":"Matsigenka","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Matsigenka?f_ri=4266"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_43741159" data-work_id="43741159" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/43741159/Return_to_Elgon_cave_elephants_prompt_bonfire_thoughts">Return to Elgon - cave elephants prompt bonfire thoughts</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Ian Redmond reports from his former study site on Mt Elgon, Kenya, then attended the Brazzaville ivory burn, and asks how the latter can help protect the former. Ian Redmond, Obe is a wildlife biologist and conservationist, known for his... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_43741159" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Ian Redmond reports from his former study site on Mt Elgon, Kenya, then attended the Brazzaville ivory burn, and asks how the latter can help protect the former. Ian Redmond, Obe is a wildlife biologist and conservationist, known for his work with great apes and elephants. For nearly 40 years he has been associated with mountain gorillas, and served as Ambassador for the UN Year of the Gorilla 2009 and subsequently for the UNEP Convention on Migratory Species since 2010. He co-founded the ELEFRIENDS campaign, which helped achieve the 1989 ban on international ivory trade, and in 1996 established the Ape Alliance <a href="http://www.4apes.com" rel="nofollow">www.4apes.com</a> which he still chairs.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/43741159" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="60bddb42765336ba1d9fdfac0cfb49bc" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":64051739,"asset_id":43741159,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64051739/download_file?st=MTczOTgwNTkzMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="22456248" href="https://independent.academia.edu/IanRedmond">Ian M Redmond</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="22456248" type="text/json">{"id":22456248,"first_name":"Ian","last_name":"Redmond","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"IanRedmond","display_name":"Ian M Redmond","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/IanRedmond?f_ri=4266","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/22456248/19637763/22725487/s65_ian.redmond.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_43741159 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="43741159"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 43741159, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_43741159", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_43741159 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43741159; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_43741159"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_43741159 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="43741159"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43741159; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43741159]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_43741159").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_43741159").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="43741159"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="173" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology">Zoology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="173" type="text/json">{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1512" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change">Climate Change</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1512" type="text/json">{"id":1512,"name":"Climate Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2467" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation_Biology">Conservation Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2467" type="text/json">{"id":2467,"name":"Conservation Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2749" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behavior">Animal Behavior</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2749" type="text/json">{"id":2749,"name":"Animal Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behavior?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=43741159]'), work: {"id":43741159,"title":"Return to Elgon - cave elephants prompt bonfire thoughts","created_at":"2020-07-29T18:15:21.341-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/43741159/Return_to_Elgon_cave_elephants_prompt_bonfire_thoughts?f_ri=4266","dom_id":"work_43741159","summary":"Ian Redmond reports from his former study site on Mt Elgon, Kenya, then attended the Brazzaville ivory burn, and asks how the latter can help protect the former. Ian Redmond, Obe is a wildlife biologist and conservationist, known for his work with great apes and elephants. For nearly 40 years he has been associated with mountain gorillas, and served as Ambassador for the UN Year of the Gorilla 2009 and subsequently for the UNEP Convention on Migratory Species since 2010. He co-founded the ELEFRIENDS campaign, which helped achieve the 1989 ban on international ivory trade, and in 1996 established the Ape Alliance www.4apes.com which he still chairs. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":64051739,"asset_id":43741159,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":22456248,"first_name":"Ian","last_name":"Redmond","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"IanRedmond","display_name":"Ian M Redmond","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/IanRedmond?f_ri=4266","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/22456248/19637763/22725487/s65_ian.redmond.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":1512,"name":"Climate Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":2467,"name":"Conservation Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":2749,"name":"Animal Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behavior?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":4266,"name":"Wildlife Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology?f_ri=4266"},{"id":7651,"name":"Wildlife Ecology And Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Ecology_And_Management?f_ri=4266"},{"id":9846,"name":"Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology?f_ri=4266"},{"id":11643,"name":"Carbon Sequestration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carbon_Sequestration?f_ri=4266"},{"id":14483,"name":"Animal Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Ecology?f_ri=4266"},{"id":18496,"name":"Mining","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mining?f_ri=4266"},{"id":22413,"name":"Wildlife Conservation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Conservation?f_ri=4266"},{"id":22838,"name":"Animal Behaviour","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behaviour?f_ri=4266"},{"id":28937,"name":"Animal Nutrition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Nutrition?f_ri=4266"},{"id":50715,"name":"Consumer behaviour and the management of wildlife tourism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Consumer_behaviour_and_the_management_of_wildlife_tourism?f_ri=4266"},{"id":64577,"name":"Elephants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Elephants?f_ri=4266"},{"id":108112,"name":"Tropical forest","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tropical_forest?f_ri=4266"},{"id":233018,"name":"Ivory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ivory?f_ri=4266"},{"id":395498,"name":"ivory trade, African elephants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ivory_trade_African_elephants?f_ri=4266"},{"id":555463,"name":"Wildlife Tourism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Tourism?f_ri=4266"},{"id":1223679,"name":"Open Pit and Underground mining systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Open_Pit_and_Underground_mining_systems?f_ri=4266"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_29143421" data-work_id="29143421" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/29143421/The_Occurrence_and_Prevalence_of_Giraffe_Skin_Disease_in_Protected_Areas_of_Northern_Tanzania">The Occurrence and Prevalence of Giraffe Skin Disease in Protected Areas of Northern Tanzania</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Giraffe skin disease (GSD) is a disorder of undetermined etiology that causes lesions on the forelimbs of Masai giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis tippelskirchi). We estimated occurrence and prevalence of GSD in six wildlife conservation... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_29143421" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Giraffe skin disease (GSD) is a disorder of undetermined etiology that causes lesions on the forelimbs of Masai giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis tippelskirchi). We estimated occurrence and prevalence of GSD in six wildlife conservation areas of Tanzania. The disjunct spatial pattern of occurrence implies that environmental factors may influence GSD.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/29143421" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d66e49b7f89142c7e776bdd1f1c580ba" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49590071,"asset_id":29143421,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49590071/download_file?st=MTczOTgwNTkzMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="39364919" href="https://pennstate.academia.edu/DerekLee">Derek E Lee</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="39364919" type="text/json">{"id":39364919,"first_name":"Derek","last_name":"Lee","domain_name":"pennstate","page_name":"DerekLee","display_name":"Derek E Lee","profile_url":"https://pennstate.academia.edu/DerekLee?f_ri=4266","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/39364919/10850994/12110272/s65_derek.lee.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_29143421 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="29143421"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 29143421, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_29143421", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_29143421 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 29143421; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_29143421"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_29143421 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="29143421"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 29143421; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=29143421]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_29143421").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_29143421").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="29143421"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4266" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology">Wildlife Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4266" type="text/json">{"id":4266,"name":"Wildlife Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7651" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Ecology_And_Management">Wildlife Ecology And Management</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7651" type="text/json">{"id":7651,"name":"Wildlife Ecology And Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Ecology_And_Management?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22413" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Conservation">Wildlife Conservation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="22413" type="text/json">{"id":22413,"name":"Wildlife Conservation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Conservation?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="38428" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Diseases">Wildlife Diseases</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="38428" type="text/json">{"id":38428,"name":"Wildlife Diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Diseases?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=29143421]'), work: {"id":29143421,"title":"The Occurrence and Prevalence of Giraffe Skin Disease in Protected Areas of Northern Tanzania","created_at":"2016-10-14T01:02:24.222-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/29143421/The_Occurrence_and_Prevalence_of_Giraffe_Skin_Disease_in_Protected_Areas_of_Northern_Tanzania?f_ri=4266","dom_id":"work_29143421","summary":"Giraffe skin disease (GSD) is a disorder of undetermined etiology that causes lesions on the forelimbs of Masai giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis tippelskirchi). We estimated occurrence and prevalence of GSD in six wildlife conservation areas of Tanzania. The disjunct spatial pattern of occurrence implies that environmental factors may influence GSD.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49590071,"asset_id":29143421,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":39364919,"first_name":"Derek","last_name":"Lee","domain_name":"pennstate","page_name":"DerekLee","display_name":"Derek E Lee","profile_url":"https://pennstate.academia.edu/DerekLee?f_ri=4266","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/39364919/10850994/12110272/s65_derek.lee.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4266,"name":"Wildlife Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":7651,"name":"Wildlife Ecology And Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Ecology_And_Management?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":22413,"name":"Wildlife Conservation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Conservation?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":38428,"name":"Wildlife Diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Diseases?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":133572,"name":"Wildlife Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Management?f_ri=4266"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_5628473" data-work_id="5628473" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5628473/The_Sustainability_of_Controlled_Archery_Programs_The_Motivation_and_Satisfaction_of_Suburban_Hunters">The Sustainability of Controlled Archery Programs: The Motivation and Satisfaction of Suburban Hunters</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Over the last decade, wildlife professionals in the New York City (NY, USA) metropolitan area have increasingly turned to controlled archery hunts to reduce overabundant suburban deer populations. The success of these deer management... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_5628473" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Over the last decade, wildlife professionals in the New York City (NY, USA) metropolitan area <br />have increasingly turned to controlled archery hunts to reduce overabundant suburban deer populations. The <br />success of these deer management programs (DMPs) depends on a willing pool of hunters motivated to meet <br />harvest goals. This requires maintaining hunter satisfaction both now, and in the future when successful herd <br />reduction will result in fewer opportunities for deer harvest. With the goal of providing local deer managers <br />with feedback from hunters partaking in DMPs, we used surveys designed to evaluate why members hunted, <br />why they joined DMPs, members’ views on deer management, and ultimately, their satisfaction with <br />controlled hunts. Members were primarily motivated to hunt by the chance to see wildlife, opportunities <br />for recreation, and a passion for archery. Most (71%) reported that their enjoyment had increased since first <br />joining a DMP and satisfaction was not linked to harvest opportunity or success. Nevertheless, we <br />documented several trends that threaten the long-term sustainability of DMPs. First, 78.2% of survey <br />respondents were over the age of 40, possibly suggesting fewer younger recruits into DMPs. Second, the <br />opportunity to hunt previously unhunted land, a transitory incentive, was the most common reason for <br />participating in DMPs. Third, respondents whose DMP doe harvest was limited by choosing to spend time <br />on private, non-DMP land were also more likely to have seen fewer deer on DMP lands (G-test ¼ 13.2, <br />df ¼ 4, P ¼ 0.01). This suggests that effort will decline as deer herds decline.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/5628473" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="51a0c9032483284d1fd8796cf1002c42" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":32698132,"asset_id":5628473,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32698132/download_file?st=MTczOTgwNTkzMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4124492" href="https://amnh.academia.edu/MarkWeckel">Mark Weckel</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4124492" type="text/json">{"id":4124492,"first_name":"Mark","last_name":"Weckel","domain_name":"amnh","page_name":"MarkWeckel","display_name":"Mark Weckel","profile_url":"https://amnh.academia.edu/MarkWeckel?f_ri=4266","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4124492/2613105/3035017/s65_mark.weckel.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_5628473 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="5628473"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5628473, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_5628473", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_5628473 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5628473; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_5628473"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_5628473 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="5628473"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5628473; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5628473]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_5628473").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_5628473").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="5628473"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4266" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology">Wildlife Biology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4266" type="text/json">{"id":4266,"name":"Wildlife Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=5628473]'), work: {"id":5628473,"title":"The Sustainability of Controlled Archery Programs: The Motivation and Satisfaction of Suburban Hunters","created_at":"2014-01-06T22:50:54.737-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/5628473/The_Sustainability_of_Controlled_Archery_Programs_The_Motivation_and_Satisfaction_of_Suburban_Hunters?f_ri=4266","dom_id":"work_5628473","summary":"Over the last decade, wildlife professionals in the New York City (NY, USA) metropolitan area\r\nhave increasingly turned to controlled archery hunts to reduce overabundant suburban deer populations. The\r\nsuccess of these deer management programs (DMPs) depends on a willing pool of hunters motivated to meet\r\nharvest goals. This requires maintaining hunter satisfaction both now, and in the future when successful herd\r\nreduction will result in fewer opportunities for deer harvest. With the goal of providing local deer managers\r\nwith feedback from hunters partaking in DMPs, we used surveys designed to evaluate why members hunted,\r\nwhy they joined DMPs, members’ views on deer management, and ultimately, their satisfaction with\r\ncontrolled hunts. Members were primarily motivated to hunt by the chance to see wildlife, opportunities\r\nfor recreation, and a passion for archery. Most (71%) reported that their enjoyment had increased since first\r\njoining a DMP and satisfaction was not linked to harvest opportunity or success. Nevertheless, we\r\ndocumented several trends that threaten the long-term sustainability of DMPs. First, 78.2% of survey\r\nrespondents were over the age of 40, possibly suggesting fewer younger recruits into DMPs. Second, the\r\nopportunity to hunt previously unhunted land, a transitory incentive, was the most common reason for\r\nparticipating in DMPs. Third, respondents whose DMP doe harvest was limited by choosing to spend time\r\non private, non-DMP land were also more likely to have seen fewer deer on DMP lands (G-test ¼ 13.2,\r\ndf ¼ 4, P ¼ 0.01). This suggests that effort will decline as deer herds decline.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":32698132,"asset_id":5628473,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4124492,"first_name":"Mark","last_name":"Weckel","domain_name":"amnh","page_name":"MarkWeckel","display_name":"Mark Weckel","profile_url":"https://amnh.academia.edu/MarkWeckel?f_ri=4266","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4124492/2613105/3035017/s65_mark.weckel.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4266,"name":"Wildlife Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1145731" data-work_id="1145731" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1145731/Behavioural_response_of_wild_rodents_to_the_calls_of_an_owl_a_comparative_study">Behavioural response of wild rodents to the calls of an owl: a comparative study</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Effective anti-predator defence mechanisms depend on ef®cient recognition of possible predators. However, nocturnal aerial predators, such as owls, present very few stimuli to enable their detection by potential prey. The most prominent... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1145731" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Effective anti-predator defence mechanisms depend on ef®cient recognition of possible predators. However, nocturnal aerial predators, such as owls, present very few stimuli to enable their detection by potential prey. The most prominent of these are their territorial calls which are believed to provide suffcient stimuli to activate anti-predator defence mechanisms in species heavily predated upon by owls.To test this hypothesis, the behaviour of voles (Microtus socialis), dormice (Eliomys melanurus), jerboas (Jaculus jaculus), and spiny mice (Acomys cahirinus) was analysed during and following exposure to playback of tape recorded calls of the tawny owl (Strix aluco). In response, voles crouched, and retreated to a small burrow present in the test arena; dormice also reduced the distances they travelled in the arena, and spent an increased amount of time around the burrow; jerboas crouched and froze during the playback of the owl call but not thereafter; spiny mice, however, displayed enigmatic behaviour in apparently ignoring the owl calls. The results, which demonstrate an induction of defensive behaviours to recorded<br />owl calls, support the results of others who have examined the effects of exposing wild rodents to live owls.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1145731" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="fd772d9acb7d0908557274dcfd5baa47" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":7049828,"asset_id":1145731,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/7049828/download_file?st=MTczOTgwNTkzMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1030387" href="https://leeds.academia.edu/ColinHendrie">Colin Hendrie</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1030387" type="text/json">{"id":1030387,"first_name":"Colin","last_name":"Hendrie","domain_name":"leeds","page_name":"ColinHendrie","display_name":"Colin Hendrie","profile_url":"https://leeds.academia.edu/ColinHendrie?f_ri=4266","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1145731 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1145731"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1145731, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1145731", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_1145731 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1145731; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_1145731"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_1145731 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="1145731"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1145731; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1145731]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_1145731").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_1145731").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="1145731"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="155" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology">Evolutionary Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="155" type="text/json">{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="161" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroscience">Neuroscience</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="161" type="text/json">{"id":161,"name":"Neuroscience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroscience?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="173" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology">Zoology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="173" type="text/json">{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2749" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behavior">Animal Behavior</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2749" type="text/json">{"id":2749,"name":"Animal Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behavior?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1145731]'), work: {"id":1145731,"title":"Behavioural response of wild rodents to the calls of an owl: a comparative study","created_at":"2011-12-09T04:38:16.398-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1145731/Behavioural_response_of_wild_rodents_to_the_calls_of_an_owl_a_comparative_study?f_ri=4266","dom_id":"work_1145731","summary":"Effective anti-predator defence mechanisms depend on ef®cient recognition of possible predators. However, nocturnal aerial predators, such as owls, present very few stimuli to enable their detection by potential prey. The most prominent of these are their territorial calls which are believed to provide suffcient stimuli to activate anti-predator defence mechanisms in species heavily predated upon by owls.To test this hypothesis, the behaviour of voles (Microtus socialis), dormice (Eliomys melanurus), jerboas (Jaculus jaculus), and spiny mice (Acomys cahirinus) was analysed during and following exposure to playback of tape recorded calls of the tawny owl (Strix aluco). In response, voles crouched, and retreated to a small burrow present in the test arena; dormice also reduced the distances they travelled in the arena, and spent an increased amount of time around the burrow; jerboas crouched and froze during the playback of the owl call but not thereafter; spiny mice, however, displayed enigmatic behaviour in apparently ignoring the owl calls. The results, which demonstrate an induction of defensive behaviours to recorded\nowl calls, support the results of others who have examined the effects of exposing wild rodents to live owls.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":7049828,"asset_id":1145731,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1030387,"first_name":"Colin","last_name":"Hendrie","domain_name":"leeds","page_name":"ColinHendrie","display_name":"Colin Hendrie","profile_url":"https://leeds.academia.edu/ColinHendrie?f_ri=4266","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":161,"name":"Neuroscience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroscience?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":2749,"name":"Animal Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behavior?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":4266,"name":"Wildlife Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology?f_ri=4266"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_2335787" data-work_id="2335787" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2335787/Potential_distribution_and_population_size_of_the_Eurasian_lynx_Lynx_lynx_in_the_Jura_Mountains_and_possible_corridors_to_adjacent_ranges">Potential distribution and population size of the Eurasian lynx Lynx lynx in the Jura Mountains and possible corridors to adjacent ranges</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Breitenmoser, U. 2007: Potential distribution and population size of the Eurasian lynx Lynx lynx in the Jura Mountains and possible corridors to adjacent ranges. -Wildl. Biol. 13: 406-416.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/2335787" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2cfbabb4b98aa316d518c3f13c1fea46" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":30379101,"asset_id":2335787,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/30379101/download_file?st=MTczOTgwNTkzMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2976226" href="https://independent.academia.edu/FridolinZimmermann">Fridolin Zimmermann</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2976226" type="text/json">{"id":2976226,"first_name":"Fridolin","last_name":"Zimmermann","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FridolinZimmermann","display_name":"Fridolin Zimmermann","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/FridolinZimmermann?f_ri=4266","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2976226/982677/1229668/s65_fridolin.zimmermann.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_2335787 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="2335787"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 2335787, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_2335787", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_2335787 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2335787; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_2335787"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_2335787 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="2335787"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2335787; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2335787]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_2335787").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_2335787").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="2335787"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="173" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology">Zoology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="173" type="text/json">{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4266" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology">Wildlife Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4266" type="text/json">{"id":4266,"name":"Wildlife Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="151959" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Population_Size">Population Size</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="151959" type="text/json">{"id":151959,"name":"Population Size","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Population_Size?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="595145" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eurasian_Lynx">Eurasian Lynx</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="595145" type="text/json">{"id":595145,"name":"Eurasian Lynx","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eurasian_Lynx?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=2335787]'), work: {"id":2335787,"title":"Potential distribution and population size of the Eurasian lynx Lynx lynx in the Jura Mountains and possible corridors to adjacent ranges","created_at":"2012-12-28T06:31:29.997-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/2335787/Potential_distribution_and_population_size_of_the_Eurasian_lynx_Lynx_lynx_in_the_Jura_Mountains_and_possible_corridors_to_adjacent_ranges?f_ri=4266","dom_id":"work_2335787","summary":"Breitenmoser, U. 2007: Potential distribution and population size of the Eurasian lynx Lynx lynx in the Jura Mountains and possible corridors to adjacent ranges. -Wildl. Biol. 13: 406-416.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":30379101,"asset_id":2335787,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2976226,"first_name":"Fridolin","last_name":"Zimmermann","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FridolinZimmermann","display_name":"Fridolin Zimmermann","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/FridolinZimmermann?f_ri=4266","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2976226/982677/1229668/s65_fridolin.zimmermann.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":4266,"name":"Wildlife Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":151959,"name":"Population Size","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Population_Size?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":595145,"name":"Eurasian Lynx","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eurasian_Lynx?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":667731,"name":"Lynx lynx","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lynx_lynx?f_ri=4266"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_19248114" data-work_id="19248114" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/19248114/Home_range_size_and_spatial_organization_of_black_footed_ferrets_Mustela_nigripes_in_South_Dakota_USA">Home-range size and spatial organization of black-footed ferrets Mustela nigripes in South Dakota, USA</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Effective conservation planning for endangered species depends on an understanding of space use patterns. Blackfooted ferrets Mustela nigripes depend on prairie dogs Cynomys sp. as prey and use their burrow systems for shelter. The... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_19248114" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Effective conservation planning for endangered species depends on an understanding of space use patterns. Blackfooted ferrets Mustela nigripes depend on prairie dogs Cynomys sp. as prey and use their burrow systems for shelter. The availability of areas with high densities of active prairie dog burrows is the major factor thought to affect their selection of sites and resources. However, we have little knowledge about how the spatial distribution of active prairie dog burrows might influence the spatial organization and home-range size of ferrets. We monitored the movements of black-footed ferrets on a black-tailed prairie dog C. ludovicianus colony in South Dakota to document ferret space use patterns. Home ranges of female ferrets were 22.9 -95.6 ha in size (x¼56.3 ha, SE¼19.7, N¼6), while male ferret home ranges were on average more than twice as large as those of females (x¼128.3 ha, SE¼68.5, N¼3). The home-range size of female ferrets was correlated with mean active prairie dog burrow utilization distribution (UD) value within ferret home ranges, where home-range size decreased as active prairie dog burrow UD value increased (r 2 ¼ 0.974, P , 0.001, N ¼ 6). Ferret space use overlapped more extensively than previously reported, with up to 43% UD overlap between a ferret and the nearest adjacent ferret of the same sex. Areas of overlap tended to have higher active prairie dog burrow UD values, suggesting that the spatial distribution of active prairie dog burrows influenced both home-range size and the amount of space use overlap between ferrets. These findings emphasize the potential influence of resource distribution on carnivore sociobiology and the importance of considering that distribution in assessing habitat for the reintroduction of specialized species.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/19248114" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="19ff65952665e343e29eb1b559c3a4af" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":40514601,"asset_id":19248114,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40514601/download_file?st=MTczOTgwNTkzMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="39489009" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RandyMatchett">Randy Matchett</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="39489009" type="text/json">{"id":39489009,"first_name":"Randy","last_name":"Matchett","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RandyMatchett","display_name":"Randy Matchett","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RandyMatchett?f_ri=4266","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_19248114 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="19248114"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 19248114, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_19248114", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_19248114 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 19248114; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_19248114"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_19248114 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="19248114"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 19248114; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=19248114]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_19248114").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_19248114").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="19248114"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="173" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology">Zoology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="173" type="text/json">{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4266" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology">Wildlife Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4266" type="text/json">{"id":4266,"name":"Wildlife Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="49528" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Dakota">South Dakota</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="49528" type="text/json">{"id":49528,"name":"South Dakota","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Dakota?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="113579" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife">Wildlife</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="113579" type="text/json">{"id":113579,"name":"Wildlife","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=19248114]'), work: {"id":19248114,"title":"Home-range size and spatial organization of black-footed ferrets Mustela nigripes in South Dakota, USA","created_at":"2015-11-30T12:25:16.946-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/19248114/Home_range_size_and_spatial_organization_of_black_footed_ferrets_Mustela_nigripes_in_South_Dakota_USA?f_ri=4266","dom_id":"work_19248114","summary":"Effective conservation planning for endangered species depends on an understanding of space use patterns. Blackfooted ferrets Mustela nigripes depend on prairie dogs Cynomys sp. as prey and use their burrow systems for shelter. The availability of areas with high densities of active prairie dog burrows is the major factor thought to affect their selection of sites and resources. However, we have little knowledge about how the spatial distribution of active prairie dog burrows might influence the spatial organization and home-range size of ferrets. We monitored the movements of black-footed ferrets on a black-tailed prairie dog C. ludovicianus colony in South Dakota to document ferret space use patterns. Home ranges of female ferrets were 22.9 -95.6 ha in size (x¼56.3 ha, SE¼19.7, N¼6), while male ferret home ranges were on average more than twice as large as those of females (x¼128.3 ha, SE¼68.5, N¼3). The home-range size of female ferrets was correlated with mean active prairie dog burrow utilization distribution (UD) value within ferret home ranges, where home-range size decreased as active prairie dog burrow UD value increased (r 2 ¼ 0.974, P , 0.001, N ¼ 6). Ferret space use overlapped more extensively than previously reported, with up to 43% UD overlap between a ferret and the nearest adjacent ferret of the same sex. Areas of overlap tended to have higher active prairie dog burrow UD values, suggesting that the spatial distribution of active prairie dog burrows influenced both home-range size and the amount of space use overlap between ferrets. These findings emphasize the potential influence of resource distribution on carnivore sociobiology and the importance of considering that distribution in assessing habitat for the reintroduction of specialized species.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":40514601,"asset_id":19248114,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":39489009,"first_name":"Randy","last_name":"Matchett","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RandyMatchett","display_name":"Randy Matchett","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RandyMatchett?f_ri=4266","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":4266,"name":"Wildlife Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":49528,"name":"South Dakota","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Dakota?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":113579,"name":"Wildlife","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":149836,"name":"Spatial Organization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spatial_Organization?f_ri=4266"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_64599641" data-work_id="64599641" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/64599641/Can_antler_stage_represent_an_activity_driver_in_axis_deer_Axis_axis">Can antler stage represent an activity driver in axis deer Axis axis?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">BioOne Complete (complete.BioOne.org) is a full-text database of 200 subscribed and open-access titles in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_64599641" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">BioOne Complete (complete.BioOne.org) is a full-text database of 200 subscribed and open-access titles in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/64599641" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="56ee55257e1c7d0ab9684c6a855ed9b2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":76561620,"asset_id":64599641,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/76561620/download_file?st=MTczOTgwNTkzMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32253786" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ToniSafner">Toni Safner</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32253786" type="text/json">{"id":32253786,"first_name":"Toni","last_name":"Safner","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ToniSafner","display_name":"Toni Safner","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ToniSafner?f_ri=4266","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_64599641 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="64599641"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 64599641, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_64599641", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_64599641 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 64599641; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_64599641"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_64599641 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="64599641"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 64599641; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=64599641]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_64599641").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_64599641").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="64599641"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="173" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology">Zoology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="173" type="text/json">{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4266" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology">Wildlife Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4266" type="text/json">{"id":4266,"name":"Wildlife Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7710" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7710" type="text/json">{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=64599641]'), work: {"id":64599641,"title":"Can antler stage represent an activity driver in axis deer Axis axis?","created_at":"2021-12-16T10:42:49.902-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/64599641/Can_antler_stage_represent_an_activity_driver_in_axis_deer_Axis_axis?f_ri=4266","dom_id":"work_64599641","summary":"BioOne Complete (complete.BioOne.org) is a full-text database of 200 subscribed and open-access titles in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":76561620,"asset_id":64599641,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32253786,"first_name":"Toni","last_name":"Safner","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ToniSafner","display_name":"Toni Safner","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ToniSafner?f_ri=4266","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":4266,"name":"Wildlife Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_50853288" data-work_id="50853288" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/50853288/First_Record_of_Jungle_Babbler_Argya_striata_Feeding_on_House_Gecko_Hemidactylus_sp">First Record of Jungle Babbler Argya striata Feeding on House Gecko Hemidactylus sp</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">We report the first record of jungle babbler Argya striata feeding on house gecko Hemidactylus sp. in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India. On the morning of 09 th October 2018, a small group of jungle babblers consisting of six adults and two... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_50853288" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">We report the first record of jungle babbler Argya striata feeding on house gecko Hemidactylus sp. in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India. On the morning of 09 th October 2018, a small group of jungle babblers consisting of six adults and two fledglings were observed in and around plants pots and compost bins on the roof of author's residence. A juvenile house gecko Hemidactylus sp. appeared to have incidentally flushed out of a crevice by the foraging birds. It was immediately attacked by two adults and was killed quickly by heavy pecking on gecko's body. The gecko's tail was quickly fed upon by one of the two attacking birds after tail autotomy. Once the gecko stopped moving, the two attacking birds tried consuming the gecko whole but soon dropped it as it appeared to be too big to swallow the whole body. They started pecking out small pieces from the head and stomach area. At one point, the two birds held the gecko from two places, one from the head and the other held a front limb and started to tug. Other members of the group were uninterested in the entire event and did not participate. The two attacking birds continued pecking out small pieces until they weren't hungry anymore. They left the remaining body and joined the resting members of the group.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/50853288" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="11bc7b77dd9b8694e5ab52d8428957bc" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":68726391,"asset_id":50853288,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/68726391/download_file?st=MTczOTgwNTkzMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="122216210" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SohamMukherjee39">Soham Mukherjee</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="122216210" type="text/json">{"id":122216210,"first_name":"Soham","last_name":"Mukherjee","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SohamMukherjee39","display_name":"Soham Mukherjee","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SohamMukherjee39?f_ri=4266","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/122216210/45095374/46355342/s65_soham.mukherjee.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_50853288 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="50853288"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 50853288, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_50853288", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_50853288 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 50853288; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_50853288"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_50853288 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="50853288"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 50853288; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=50853288]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_50853288").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_50853288").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="50853288"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1091" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ornithology">Ornithology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1091" type="text/json">{"id":1091,"name":"Ornithology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ornithology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4266" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology">Wildlife Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4266" type="text/json">{"id":4266,"name":"Wildlife Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="96324" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Birds">Birds</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="96324" type="text/json">{"id":96324,"name":"Birds","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Birds?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="113579" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife">Wildlife</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="113579" type="text/json">{"id":113579,"name":"Wildlife","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=50853288]'), work: {"id":50853288,"title":"First Record of Jungle Babbler Argya striata Feeding on House Gecko Hemidactylus sp","created_at":"2021-08-13T07:11:41.692-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/50853288/First_Record_of_Jungle_Babbler_Argya_striata_Feeding_on_House_Gecko_Hemidactylus_sp?f_ri=4266","dom_id":"work_50853288","summary":"We report the first record of jungle babbler Argya striata feeding on house gecko Hemidactylus sp. in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India. On the morning of 09 th October 2018, a small group of jungle babblers consisting of six adults and two fledglings were observed in and around plants pots and compost bins on the roof of author's residence. A juvenile house gecko Hemidactylus sp. appeared to have incidentally flushed out of a crevice by the foraging birds. It was immediately attacked by two adults and was killed quickly by heavy pecking on gecko's body. The gecko's tail was quickly fed upon by one of the two attacking birds after tail autotomy. Once the gecko stopped moving, the two attacking birds tried consuming the gecko whole but soon dropped it as it appeared to be too big to swallow the whole body. They started pecking out small pieces from the head and stomach area. At one point, the two birds held the gecko from two places, one from the head and the other held a front limb and started to tug. Other members of the group were uninterested in the entire event and did not participate. The two attacking birds continued pecking out small pieces until they weren't hungry anymore. They left the remaining body and joined the resting members of the group.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":68726391,"asset_id":50853288,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":122216210,"first_name":"Soham","last_name":"Mukherjee","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SohamMukherjee39","display_name":"Soham Mukherjee","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SohamMukherjee39?f_ri=4266","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/122216210/45095374/46355342/s65_soham.mukherjee.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1091,"name":"Ornithology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ornithology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":4266,"name":"Wildlife Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":96324,"name":"Birds","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Birds?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":113579,"name":"Wildlife","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_50762826" data-work_id="50762826" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/50762826/Effects_of_climate_change_on_European_ducks_what_do_we_know_and_what_do_we_need_to_know">Effects of climate change on European ducks: what do we know and what do we need to know?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The consequences of climate change for bird populations have received much attention in recent decades, especially amongst cavity-nesting songbirds, yet little has been written on ducks (Anatidae) despite these being major elements of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_50762826" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The consequences of climate change for bird populations have received much attention in recent decades, especially amongst cavity-nesting songbirds, yet little has been written on ducks (Anatidae) despite these being major elements of wetland diversity and important quarry species. This paper reviews the major known consequences of climate change for birds in general, and relates these to the limited information available specifically for ducks. Climate change can influence migration distance and phenology, potentially affecting patterns of mortality, as well as distribution and reproductive success in ducks. Studies addressing effects of climate change are, however, restricted to very few duck species, including mallard Anas platyrhynchos and common eider Somateria mollissima. Shifts in winter duck distributions have been observed, whereas the mismatch hypothesis (mistiming between the periods of peak energy requirements for young and the peak of seasonal food availability) has received limited support with regard to ducks. We propose a range of monitoring initiatives, including population surveys, breeding success monitoring schemes and individual duck marking, which should later be integrated through population modelling and adaptive management to fill these gaps.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/50762826" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1cd31cdf01bd9ae0696a84c3b303c5cc" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":68631630,"asset_id":50762826,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/68631630/download_file?st=MTczOTgwNTkzMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="65505581" href="https://helsinki.academia.edu/JukkaRintala">Jukka Rintala</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="65505581" type="text/json">{"id":65505581,"first_name":"Jukka","last_name":"Rintala","domain_name":"helsinki","page_name":"JukkaRintala","display_name":"Jukka Rintala","profile_url":"https://helsinki.academia.edu/JukkaRintala?f_ri=4266","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/65505581/60231523/48489106/s65_jukka.rintala.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_50762826 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="50762826"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 50762826, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_50762826", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_50762826 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 50762826; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_50762826"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_50762826 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="50762826"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 50762826; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=50762826]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_50762826").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_50762826").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="50762826"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="173" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology">Zoology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="173" type="text/json">{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="310" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Demography">Demography</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="310" type="text/json">{"id":310,"name":"Demography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Demography?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1512" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change">Climate Change</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1512" type="text/json">{"id":1512,"name":"Climate Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4266" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology">Wildlife Biology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4266" type="text/json">{"id":4266,"name":"Wildlife Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=50762826]'), work: {"id":50762826,"title":"Effects of climate change on European ducks: what do we know and what do we need to know?","created_at":"2021-08-06T02:06:40.757-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/50762826/Effects_of_climate_change_on_European_ducks_what_do_we_know_and_what_do_we_need_to_know?f_ri=4266","dom_id":"work_50762826","summary":"The consequences of climate change for bird populations have received much attention in recent decades, especially amongst cavity-nesting songbirds, yet little has been written on ducks (Anatidae) despite these being major elements of wetland diversity and important quarry species. This paper reviews the major known consequences of climate change for birds in general, and relates these to the limited information available specifically for ducks. Climate change can influence migration distance and phenology, potentially affecting patterns of mortality, as well as distribution and reproductive success in ducks. Studies addressing effects of climate change are, however, restricted to very few duck species, including mallard Anas platyrhynchos and common eider Somateria mollissima. Shifts in winter duck distributions have been observed, whereas the mismatch hypothesis (mistiming between the periods of peak energy requirements for young and the peak of seasonal food availability) has received limited support with regard to ducks. We propose a range of monitoring initiatives, including population surveys, breeding success monitoring schemes and individual duck marking, which should later be integrated through population modelling and adaptive management to fill these gaps.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":68631630,"asset_id":50762826,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":65505581,"first_name":"Jukka","last_name":"Rintala","domain_name":"helsinki","page_name":"JukkaRintala","display_name":"Jukka Rintala","profile_url":"https://helsinki.academia.edu/JukkaRintala?f_ri=4266","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/65505581/60231523/48489106/s65_jukka.rintala.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":310,"name":"Demography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Demography?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":1512,"name":"Climate Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":4266,"name":"Wildlife Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":17943,"name":"Phenology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phenology?f_ri=4266"},{"id":29824,"name":"Fitness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fitness?f_ri=4266"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_18143857 coauthored" data-work_id="18143857" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/18143857/Summer_habitat_preferences_of_GPS_collared_reindeer_Rangifer_tarandus_tarandus">Summer habitat preferences of GPS-collared reindeer Rangifer tarandus tarandus</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">J. 2008: Summer habitat preferences of GPS-collared reindeer Rangifer tarandus tarandus. -Wildl. Biol. 14: 1-15.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/18143857" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f9790c3881c000ec0c2f71593f9743b2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42066501,"asset_id":18143857,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42066501/download_file?st=MTczOTgwNTkzMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="38107014" href="https://slu-se.academia.edu/%C3%96jeDanell">Öje Danell</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="38107014" type="text/json">{"id":38107014,"first_name":"Öje","last_name":"Danell","domain_name":"slu-se","page_name":"ÖjeDanell","display_name":"Öje Danell","profile_url":"https://slu-se.academia.edu/%C3%96jeDanell?f_ri=4266","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-18143857">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-18143857"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/SkarinAnna">Anna Skarin</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-18143857'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-18143857').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_18143857 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="18143857"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 18143857, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_18143857", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_18143857 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18143857; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_18143857"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_18143857 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="18143857"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18143857; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=18143857]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_18143857").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_18143857").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="18143857"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="173" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology">Zoology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="173" type="text/json">{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4266" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology">Wildlife Biology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4266" type="text/json">{"id":4266,"name":"Wildlife Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=18143857]'), work: {"id":18143857,"title":"Summer habitat preferences of GPS-collared reindeer Rangifer tarandus tarandus","created_at":"2015-11-11T05:17:32.892-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/18143857/Summer_habitat_preferences_of_GPS_collared_reindeer_Rangifer_tarandus_tarandus?f_ri=4266","dom_id":"work_18143857","summary":"J. 2008: Summer habitat preferences of GPS-collared reindeer Rangifer tarandus tarandus. -Wildl. Biol. 14: 1-15.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42066501,"asset_id":18143857,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":38107014,"first_name":"Öje","last_name":"Danell","domain_name":"slu-se","page_name":"ÖjeDanell","display_name":"Öje Danell","profile_url":"https://slu-se.academia.edu/%C3%96jeDanell?f_ri=4266","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":38243479,"first_name":"Anna","last_name":"Skarin","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SkarinAnna","display_name":"Anna Skarin","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SkarinAnna?f_ri=4266","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":4266,"name":"Wildlife Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1070498" data-work_id="1070498" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1070498/Selecci%C3%B3n_de_h%C3%A1bitat_de_la_lavandera_cascade%C3%B1a_Motacilla_cinerea_el_mirlo_acu%C3%A1tico_Cinclus_cinclus_y_el_mart%C3%ADn_pescador_Alcedo_atthis_en_el_r%C3%ADo_Bayas_%C3%81lava_Pa%C3%ADs_">Selección de hábitat de la lavandera cascadeña" Motacilla cinerea", el mirlo acuático" Cinclus cinclus" y el martín pescador" Alcedo atthis" en el río Bayas (Álava, País …</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">We have studied the relation between three riparian bird species with different chemical-physical and environmental parameters in the Bayas river (Alava, northern Spain). The gray waigtail appears all over the river basin, but is related... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1070498" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">We have studied the relation between three riparian bird species with different chemical-physical and environmental parameters in the Bayas river (Alava, northern Spain). The gray waigtail appears all over the river basin, but is related to the existence of superficial waters microareas between zones of speedy watercourses, moderated slope and intermediate wide. Dipper revealed as the most biondicator specie, because its distribution keep sclose and significative relation with the altitude, number of rapids per kilometre, pH and slope. Kingfisher seems to appear in less slope, wide and slow water sections, and low and average water flows areas, corresponding to the lowest elevations, with non significant relationship with other parameters as pH.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1070498" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3e9b5fc4768845d6e3e04afd5181692b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":6552170,"asset_id":1070498,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/6552170/download_file?st=MTczOTgwNTkzMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="528054" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JorgeEchegaray">Jorge Echegaray</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="528054" type="text/json">{"id":528054,"first_name":"Jorge","last_name":"Echegaray","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JorgeEchegaray","display_name":"Jorge Echegaray","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JorgeEchegaray?f_ri=4266","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/528054/187255/3957099/s65_jorge.echegaray.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1070498 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1070498"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1070498, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1070498", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_1070498 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1070498; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_1070498"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_1070498 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="1070498"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1070498; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1070498]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_1070498").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_1070498").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="1070498"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1091" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ornithology">Ornithology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1091" type="text/json">{"id":1091,"name":"Ornithology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ornithology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2467" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation_Biology">Conservation Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2467" type="text/json">{"id":2467,"name":"Conservation Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4266" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology">Wildlife Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4266" type="text/json">{"id":4266,"name":"Wildlife Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22413" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Conservation">Wildlife Conservation</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="22413" type="text/json">{"id":22413,"name":"Wildlife Conservation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Conservation?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1070498]'), work: {"id":1070498,"title":"Selección de hábitat de la lavandera cascadeña\" Motacilla cinerea\", el mirlo acuático\" Cinclus cinclus\" y el martín pescador\" Alcedo atthis\" en el río Bayas (Álava, País …","created_at":"2011-11-06T19:39:00.594-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1070498/Selecci%C3%B3n_de_h%C3%A1bitat_de_la_lavandera_cascade%C3%B1a_Motacilla_cinerea_el_mirlo_acu%C3%A1tico_Cinclus_cinclus_y_el_mart%C3%ADn_pescador_Alcedo_atthis_en_el_r%C3%ADo_Bayas_%C3%81lava_Pa%C3%ADs_?f_ri=4266","dom_id":"work_1070498","summary":"We have studied the relation between three riparian bird species with different chemical-physical and environmental parameters in the Bayas river (Alava, northern Spain). The gray waigtail appears all over the river basin, but is related to the existence of superficial waters microareas between zones of speedy watercourses, moderated slope and intermediate wide. Dipper revealed as the most biondicator specie, because its distribution keep sclose and significative relation with the altitude, number of rapids per kilometre, pH and slope. Kingfisher seems to appear in less slope, wide and slow water sections, and low and average water flows areas, corresponding to the lowest elevations, with non significant relationship with other parameters as pH.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":6552170,"asset_id":1070498,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":528054,"first_name":"Jorge","last_name":"Echegaray","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JorgeEchegaray","display_name":"Jorge Echegaray","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JorgeEchegaray?f_ri=4266","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/528054/187255/3957099/s65_jorge.echegaray.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1091,"name":"Ornithology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ornithology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":2467,"name":"Conservation Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":4266,"name":"Wildlife Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":22413,"name":"Wildlife Conservation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Conservation?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":218361,"name":"Ornitología","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ornitolog%C3%ADa?f_ri=4266"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_14982307" data-work_id="14982307" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/14982307/Effect_of_crude_oil_pollution_on_the_rhizosphere_microbial_communities_of_Mangifera_indica_L_and_Elaeis_guineensis_Jacq_in_Rivers_State_Nigeria">Effect of crude oil pollution on the rhizosphere microbial communities of Mangifera indica L and Elaeis guineensis Jacq in Rivers State, Nigeria</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This study investigated the effect of crude oil pollution and remediation on the fungi and bacteria communities of M. indica and E. guineensis rhizospheres using three sites - Unpolluted Site (UPS), Polluted and Treated Site (PTS), and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_14982307" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This study investigated the effect of crude oil pollution and remediation on the fungi and bacteria communities of M. indica and E. guineensis rhizospheres using three sites - Unpolluted Site (UPS), Polluted and Treated Site (PTS), and Polluted and Untreated Site (PUS). Population of fungi in both M. indica and E. guineensis rhizospheres was highest in UPS while the bacteria population was highest in PUS and UPS in M. indica and E. guineensis rhizospheres, respectively. The highest similarity in fungi species was observed between UPS/PTS (67%) and PTS/PUS (87%) in M. indica and E. guineensis rhizospheres, respectively. Similarity in bacteria species was highest between UPS/PTS (50%) in M. indica rhizosphere while it was highest between UPS/PUS (60%) and PTS/PUS (60%) in E. guineensis rhizosphere. The diversity of fungi was highest at UPS in both M. indica (H ꞊ 1.04; Simpson 1-D ꞊ 0.63) and E. guineensis (H ꞊ 1.17; Simpson 1-D ꞊ 0.67) rhizospheres. Bacteria diversity in M. indica rhizosphere was highest in PUS (H ꞊ 0.70) when Shannon-Wiener index was used but highest in PTS (Simpson 1-D ꞊ 0.42) when Simpson index was used; and highest in PTS (H ꞊ 039; Simpson 1-D ꞊ 0.20) for E. guineensis rhizosphere. Most of the evaluated attributes compared better in UPS; however, bacteria population and diversity in M. indica rhizosphere was highest in PUS and PTS, respectively. Get more articles at: <a href="http://www.innspub.net/volume-6-number-4-april-2015-jbes/" rel="nofollow">http://www.innspub.net/volume-6-number-4-april-2015-jbes/</a></div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14982307" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="68080bb7b1f83e564ba126fa1efe2750" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38495951,"asset_id":14982307,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38495951/download_file?st=MTczOTgwNTkzMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5360171" rel="nofollow" href="https://independent.academia.edu/innspub">INNSPUB Journals</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5360171" type="text/json">{"id":5360171,"first_name":"INNSPUB","last_name":"Journals","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"innspub","display_name":"INNSPUB Journals","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/innspub?f_ri=4266","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5360171/2353715/64972049/s65_innspub.journals.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_14982307 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="14982307"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 14982307, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_14982307", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_14982307 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14982307; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_14982307"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_14982307 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="14982307"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14982307; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=14982307]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_14982307").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_14982307").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="14982307"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">28</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="25" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nigerian_Literature">Nigerian Literature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="25" type="text/json">{"id":25,"name":"Nigerian Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nigerian_Literature?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="402" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science">Environmental Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="402" type="text/json">{"id":402,"name":"Environmental Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1041" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forestry">Forestry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1041" type="text/json">{"id":1041,"name":"Forestry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forestry?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2065" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Research_Methodology">Research Methodology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2065" type="text/json">{"id":2065,"name":"Research Methodology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Research_Methodology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=14982307]'), work: {"id":14982307,"title":"Effect of crude oil pollution on the rhizosphere microbial communities of Mangifera indica L and Elaeis guineensis Jacq in Rivers State, Nigeria","created_at":"2015-08-17T07:10:02.796-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/14982307/Effect_of_crude_oil_pollution_on_the_rhizosphere_microbial_communities_of_Mangifera_indica_L_and_Elaeis_guineensis_Jacq_in_Rivers_State_Nigeria?f_ri=4266","dom_id":"work_14982307","summary":"This study investigated the effect of crude oil pollution and remediation on the fungi and bacteria communities of M. indica and E. guineensis rhizospheres using three sites - Unpolluted Site (UPS), Polluted and Treated Site (PTS), and Polluted and Untreated Site (PUS). Population of fungi in both M. indica and E. guineensis rhizospheres was highest in UPS while the bacteria population was highest in PUS and UPS in M. indica and E. guineensis rhizospheres, respectively. The highest similarity in fungi species was observed between UPS/PTS (67%) and PTS/PUS (87%) in M. indica and E. guineensis rhizospheres, respectively. Similarity in bacteria species was highest between UPS/PTS (50%) in M. indica rhizosphere while it was highest between UPS/PUS (60%) and PTS/PUS (60%) in E. guineensis rhizosphere. The diversity of fungi was highest at UPS in both M. indica (H ꞊ 1.04; Simpson 1-D ꞊ 0.63) and E. guineensis (H ꞊ 1.17; Simpson 1-D ꞊ 0.67) rhizospheres. Bacteria diversity in M. indica rhizosphere was highest in PUS (H ꞊ 0.70) when Shannon-Wiener index was used but highest in PTS (Simpson 1-D ꞊ 0.42) when Simpson index was used; and highest in PTS (H ꞊ 039; Simpson 1-D ꞊ 0.20) for E. guineensis rhizosphere. Most of the evaluated attributes compared better in UPS; however, bacteria population and diversity in M. indica rhizosphere was highest in PUS and PTS, respectively. Get more articles at: http://www.innspub.net/volume-6-number-4-april-2015-jbes/","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":38495951,"asset_id":14982307,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5360171,"first_name":"INNSPUB","last_name":"Journals","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"innspub","display_name":"INNSPUB Journals","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/innspub?f_ri=4266","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5360171/2353715/64972049/s65_innspub.journals.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":25,"name":"Nigerian Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nigerian_Literature?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":402,"name":"Environmental Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":1041,"name":"Forestry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forestry?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":2065,"name":"Research Methodology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Research_Methodology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":3429,"name":"Educational Research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Educational_Research?f_ri=4266"},{"id":4266,"name":"Wildlife Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology?f_ri=4266"},{"id":17272,"name":"Fungi","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fungi?f_ri=4266"},{"id":17693,"name":"Phd Writing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phd_Writing?f_ri=4266"},{"id":17825,"name":"Biodiversity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biodiversity?f_ri=4266"},{"id":18845,"name":"Environmental Sustainability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sustainability?f_ri=4266"},{"id":21318,"name":"Nigeria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nigeria?f_ri=4266"},{"id":48579,"name":"Microbial Biotechnology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbial_Biotechnology-1?f_ri=4266"},{"id":56254,"name":"Biodiversity Research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biodiversity_Research?f_ri=4266"},{"id":56981,"name":"Microbial Communities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbial_Communities?f_ri=4266"},{"id":57022,"name":"PhD Thesis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/PhD_Thesis?f_ri=4266"},{"id":65406,"name":"Scholarships for Master and Phd Degree","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scholarships_for_Master_and_Phd_Degree?f_ri=4266"},{"id":73497,"name":"Articles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Articles?f_ri=4266"},{"id":74144,"name":"Lactic Acid Bacteria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lactic_Acid_Bacteria?f_ri=4266"},{"id":104039,"name":"Forestry and Wildlife Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forestry_and_Wildlife_Management?f_ri=4266"},{"id":113903,"name":"Bacteria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bacteria?f_ri=4266"},{"id":133572,"name":"Wildlife Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Management?f_ri=4266"},{"id":176238,"name":"Trees","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trees?f_ri=4266"},{"id":231549,"name":"Rhizosphere","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rhizosphere?f_ri=4266"},{"id":684636,"name":"Elaeis Guineensis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Elaeis_Guineensis?f_ri=4266"},{"id":815323,"name":"Crude Oil Pollution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Crude_Oil_Pollution?f_ri=4266"},{"id":992033,"name":"Rhizosphere Interactions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rhizosphere_Interactions?f_ri=4266"},{"id":1112121,"name":"Fruit Trees Physiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fruit_Trees_Physiology?f_ri=4266"},{"id":1327060,"name":"Mangifera Indica L","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mangifera_Indica_L?f_ri=4266"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_56501119" data-work_id="56501119" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/56501119/Save_the_Apes_to_Stop_Climate_Change">Save the Apes to Stop Climate Change</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">To save the apes we must save their habitat - the tropical rainforests and woodlands of Africa and South-east Asia, two of the planet's 'green lungs'. Apes are keystone species in their ecosystems, which in turn are key to global efforts... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_56501119" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">To save the apes we must save their habitat - the tropical rainforests and woodlands of Africa and South-east Asia, two of the planet's 'green lungs'.  Apes are keystone species in their ecosystems, which in turn are key to global efforts to prevent dangerous climate change.  As carbon markets develop, this will bring new financial resources and job opportunities in the management of ape habitat for the benefit of local communities, biodiversity conservation and the planet.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/56501119" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7c83e18ff157a23fb1611ca31c8d50a9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":71857099,"asset_id":56501119,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/71857099/download_file?st=MTczOTgwNTkzMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="22456248" href="https://independent.academia.edu/IanRedmond">Ian M Redmond</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="22456248" type="text/json">{"id":22456248,"first_name":"Ian","last_name":"Redmond","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"IanRedmond","display_name":"Ian M Redmond","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/IanRedmond?f_ri=4266","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/22456248/19637763/22725487/s65_ian.redmond.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_56501119 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="56501119"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 56501119, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_56501119", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_56501119 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 56501119; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_56501119"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_56501119 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="56501119"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 56501119; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=56501119]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_56501119").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_56501119").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="56501119"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1512" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change">Climate Change</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1512" type="text/json">{"id":1512,"name":"Climate Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2809" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation">Conservation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2809" type="text/json">{"id":2809,"name":"Conservation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4266" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology">Wildlife Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4266" type="text/json">{"id":4266,"name":"Wildlife Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4816" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tropical_Ecology">Tropical Ecology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4816" type="text/json">{"id":4816,"name":"Tropical Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tropical_Ecology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=56501119]'), work: {"id":56501119,"title":"Save the Apes to Stop Climate Change","created_at":"2021-10-08T02:27:49.205-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/56501119/Save_the_Apes_to_Stop_Climate_Change?f_ri=4266","dom_id":"work_56501119","summary":"To save the apes we must save their habitat - the tropical rainforests and woodlands of Africa and South-east Asia, two of the planet's 'green lungs'. Apes are keystone species in their ecosystems, which in turn are key to global efforts to prevent dangerous climate change. As carbon markets develop, this will bring new financial resources and job opportunities in the management of ape habitat for the benefit of local communities, biodiversity conservation and the planet.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":71857099,"asset_id":56501119,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":22456248,"first_name":"Ian","last_name":"Redmond","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"IanRedmond","display_name":"Ian M Redmond","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/IanRedmond?f_ri=4266","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/22456248/19637763/22725487/s65_ian.redmond.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1512,"name":"Climate Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":2809,"name":"Conservation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":4266,"name":"Wildlife Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":4816,"name":"Tropical Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tropical_Ecology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":5222,"name":"Conservation Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation_Ecology?f_ri=4266"},{"id":11643,"name":"Carbon Sequestration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carbon_Sequestration?f_ri=4266"},{"id":17825,"name":"Biodiversity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biodiversity?f_ri=4266"},{"id":22413,"name":"Wildlife Conservation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Conservation?f_ri=4266"},{"id":48492,"name":"Animal Behaviour and Biodiversity Conservation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behaviour_and_Biodiversity_Conservation?f_ri=4266"},{"id":222758,"name":"Great Apes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Great_Apes?f_ri=4266"},{"id":297829,"name":"UNFCCC","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/UNFCCC?f_ri=4266"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_36045131" data-work_id="36045131" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36045131/Protective_effect_of_garlic_extract_against_maternal_and_fetal_cerebellar_damage_induced_by_lead_administration_during_pregnancy_in_rats">Protective effect of garlic extract against maternal and fetal cerebellar damage induced by lead administration during pregnancy in rats</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">BACKGROUND: In spite of its indusrial usefulness and varied daily uses, lead (Pb) pollution is a widespread ecological problem that faces the humans in the 21th century. Pb was found to produces a wide range of toxic effects including... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_36045131" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">BACKGROUND:<br />In spite of its indusrial usefulness and varied daily uses, lead (Pb) pollution is a widespread ecological problem that faces the humans in the 21th century. Pb was found to produces a wide range of toxic effects including neurotoxicity especially to the developing and young offspring. Recently, the utilization of herbal plants has received a significant attention where there has been rising awareness in their therapeutic use; among these is the garlic.<br />AIM OF THE WORK:<br />In light of the above, the current study is designed experimentally in female pregnant rats in order to investigate the beneficial role of garlic extract in the protection from the maternal and fetal cerebellar damage that produced by administration of different doses of Pb during pregnancy.<br />MATERIALS AND METHODS:<br />Positively pregnant female rats were divided into five groups; one control group, two Pb-treated groups (exposed to 160 and 320 mg/kg b.wt. of Pb, respectively) and two groups treated with both Pb and garlic (exposed to Pb as previous groups together with 250 mg/ kg b.wt. /day of garlic extract). Treatments started from day 1 till day 20 of pregnancy, where the mother rats of different experimental groups were sacrified to obtain the fetuses. Pb level in the maternal nd fetal blood and cerebellum was estimated by spectrophotometry. Specimens of the cerebellum of different mother and fetal groups were processed to histological and immunohistochemical staining for microscopic examination.<br />RESULTS:<br />The results showed that administration of Pb to pregnant rats resulted in a dose-dependent toxicity for both mothers and fetuses in the form of decrease of maternal weight gain, placental and fetal weights, brain weight and diminished fetal growth parameters, which were prominent in rat's group treated with larger dose of Pb. In Pb-treated rats, Pb level in blood and cerebellum was high when compared to the control. The histopathological examination of the cerebellum of treated dams and fetuses showed marked alterations mainly in the form of Purkinje cell degeneration and lack of deveopmet of fetal cerebellum. Co-treatment of garlic extract along with Pb resulted in a significant decrease in Pb levels as compared with those treated with Pb alone with improvement of the histopathological changes.<br />CONCLUSIONS:<br />This study was useful in evaluating the hazardous effects of uncontrolled use of Pb in general and in assessing the developmental and neurotoxicity of fetuses due to exposure during pregnancy in particular. Co-administration of garlic has beneficial effects in amelioration of Pb-induced neurotoxicity and reversing the histopathological changes of the cerebellum of mother rats and fetuses.<br />KEYWORDS:<br />garlic; glial fibrillary acidic protein; lead; purkinje cells</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36045131" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7bb1144e92e0d894e103c4641d17915d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55931132,"asset_id":36045131,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55931132/download_file?st=MTczOTgwNTkzMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="21972122" href="https://kau.academia.edu/HMustafa">Prof. Dr. Hesham N Mustafa 🩺</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="21972122" type="text/json">{"id":21972122,"first_name":"Prof. Dr. Hesham","last_name":"Mustafa 🩺","domain_name":"kau","page_name":"HMustafa","display_name":"Prof. Dr. Hesham N Mustafa 🩺","profile_url":"https://kau.academia.edu/HMustafa?f_ri=4266","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/21972122/6015802/7471085/s65_hesham.mustafa.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_36045131 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="36045131"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36045131, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_36045131", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_36045131 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36045131; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_36045131"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_36045131 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="36045131"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36045131; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36045131]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_36045131").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_36045131").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="36045131"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">156</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl11x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="143" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Anatomy">Comparative Anatomy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="143" type="text/json">{"id":143,"name":"Comparative Anatomy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Anatomy?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="144" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Anatomy_Biology_">Human Anatomy (Biology)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="144" type="text/json">{"id":144,"name":"Human Anatomy (Biology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Anatomy_Biology_?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="155" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology">Evolutionary Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="155" type="text/json">{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="158" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Biology">Marine Biology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="158" type="text/json">{"id":158,"name":"Marine Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=36045131]'), work: {"id":36045131,"title":"Protective effect of garlic extract against maternal and fetal cerebellar damage induced by lead administration during pregnancy in rats","created_at":"2018-02-28T13:39:33.137-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/36045131/Protective_effect_of_garlic_extract_against_maternal_and_fetal_cerebellar_damage_induced_by_lead_administration_during_pregnancy_in_rats?f_ri=4266","dom_id":"work_36045131","summary":"BACKGROUND:\nIn spite of its indusrial usefulness and varied daily uses, lead (Pb) pollution is a widespread ecological problem that faces the humans in the 21th century. Pb was found to produces a wide range of toxic effects including neurotoxicity especially to the developing and young offspring. Recently, the utilization of herbal plants has received a significant attention where there has been rising awareness in their therapeutic use; among these is the garlic.\nAIM OF THE WORK:\nIn light of the above, the current study is designed experimentally in female pregnant rats in order to investigate the beneficial role of garlic extract in the protection from the maternal and fetal cerebellar damage that produced by administration of different doses of Pb during pregnancy.\nMATERIALS AND METHODS:\nPositively pregnant female rats were divided into five groups; one control group, two Pb-treated groups (exposed to 160 and 320 mg/kg b.wt. of Pb, respectively) and two groups treated with both Pb and garlic (exposed to Pb as previous groups together with 250 mg/ kg b.wt. /day of garlic extract). Treatments started from day 1 till day 20 of pregnancy, where the mother rats of different experimental groups were sacrified to obtain the fetuses. Pb level in the maternal nd fetal blood and cerebellum was estimated by spectrophotometry. Specimens of the cerebellum of different mother and fetal groups were processed to histological and immunohistochemical staining for microscopic examination.\nRESULTS:\nThe results showed that administration of Pb to pregnant rats resulted in a dose-dependent toxicity for both mothers and fetuses in the form of decrease of maternal weight gain, placental and fetal weights, brain weight and diminished fetal growth parameters, which were prominent in rat's group treated with larger dose of Pb. In Pb-treated rats, Pb level in blood and cerebellum was high when compared to the control. The histopathological examination of the cerebellum of treated dams and fetuses showed marked alterations mainly in the form of Purkinje cell degeneration and lack of deveopmet of fetal cerebellum. Co-treatment of garlic extract along with Pb resulted in a significant decrease in Pb levels as compared with those treated with Pb alone with improvement of the histopathological changes.\nCONCLUSIONS:\nThis study was useful in evaluating the hazardous effects of uncontrolled use of Pb in general and in assessing the developmental and neurotoxicity of fetuses due to exposure during pregnancy in particular. Co-administration of garlic has beneficial effects in amelioration of Pb-induced neurotoxicity and reversing the histopathological changes of the cerebellum of mother rats and fetuses.\nKEYWORDS:\ngarlic; glial fibrillary acidic protein; lead; purkinje cells","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":55931132,"asset_id":36045131,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":21972122,"first_name":"Prof. Dr. Hesham","last_name":"Mustafa 🩺","domain_name":"kau","page_name":"HMustafa","display_name":"Prof. Dr. Hesham N Mustafa 🩺","profile_url":"https://kau.academia.edu/HMustafa?f_ri=4266","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/21972122/6015802/7471085/s65_hesham.mustafa.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":143,"name":"Comparative Anatomy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Anatomy?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":144,"name":"Human Anatomy (Biology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Anatomy_Biology_?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":158,"name":"Marine Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":161,"name":"Neuroscience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroscience?f_ri=4266"},{"id":165,"name":"Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology?f_ri=4266"},{"id":594,"name":"Speech Language Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Speech_Language_Pathology?f_ri=4266"},{"id":657,"name":"Veterinary Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Veterinary_Medicine?f_ri=4266"},{"id":823,"name":"Philosophy of Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Biology?f_ri=4266"},{"id":1083,"name":"Developmental Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developmental_Biology?f_ri=4266"},{"id":1906,"name":"Veterinary Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Veterinary_Pathology?f_ri=4266"},{"id":2075,"name":"Speech Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Speech_Pathology?f_ri=4266"},{"id":2183,"name":"Cellular Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cellular_Biology?f_ri=4266"},{"id":2184,"name":"Electron Microscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electron_Microscopy?f_ri=4266"},{"id":2230,"name":"Bone Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bone_Biology?f_ri=4266"},{"id":2273,"name":"History of Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Medicine?f_ri=4266"},{"id":2361,"name":"Skeletal Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Skeletal_Biology?f_ri=4266"},{"id":2447,"name":"Speech-Language Pathology/ Communication Disorders","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Speech-Language_Pathology_Communication_Disorders?f_ri=4266"},{"id":2467,"name":"Conservation Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation_Biology?f_ri=4266"},{"id":2513,"name":"Molecular Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Biology?f_ri=4266"},{"id":2541,"name":"Structural Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Structural_Biology?f_ri=4266"},{"id":2748,"name":"Sensory Neuroscience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sensory_Neuroscience?f_ri=4266"},{"id":2894,"name":"Evolution of cooperation (Evolutionary Biology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution_of_cooperation_Evolutionary_Biology_?f_ri=4266"},{"id":2963,"name":"Mathematical Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematical_Biology?f_ri=4266"},{"id":3091,"name":"Microscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microscopy?f_ri=4266"},{"id":3313,"name":"Cultural Transmission (Evolutionary Biology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Transmission_Evolutionary_Biology_?f_ri=4266"},{"id":3363,"name":"Systematic Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Systematic_Biology?f_ri=4266"},{"id":3629,"name":"Synthetic Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Synthetic_Biology?f_ri=4266"},{"id":3699,"name":"Stem cell and Regenerative medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stem_cell_and_Regenerative_medicine?f_ri=4266"},{"id":3939,"name":"History and Philosophy of Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_and_Philosophy_of_Biology?f_ri=4266"},{"id":3940,"name":"Evolutionary Developmental Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Developmental_Biology?f_ri=4266"},{"id":4228,"name":"Skeletal muscle biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Skeletal_muscle_biology?f_ri=4266"},{"id":4233,"name":"Computational Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computational_Biology?f_ri=4266"},{"id":4246,"name":"Learning and Memory (Neurosciences)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Learning_and_Memory_Neurosciences_?f_ri=4266"},{"id":4258,"name":"Embryology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Embryology?f_ri=4266"},{"id":4266,"name":"Wildlife Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology?f_ri=4266"},{"id":4558,"name":"Invertebrate Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Invertebrate_Biology?f_ri=4266"},{"id":4926,"name":"Functional Anatomy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Functional_Anatomy?f_ri=4266"},{"id":5400,"name":"Systems Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Systems_Biology?f_ri=4266"},{"id":5451,"name":"Computational Neuroscience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computational_Neuroscience?f_ri=4266"},{"id":5525,"name":"Clinical Neuroscience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Neuroscience?f_ri=4266"},{"id":5541,"name":"Plant Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Biology?f_ri=4266"},{"id":5692,"name":"Visual Neuroscience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visual_Neuroscience?f_ri=4266"},{"id":5971,"name":"Human Anatomy (Biological Anthropology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Anatomy_Biological_Anthropology_?f_ri=4266"},{"id":7080,"name":"Freshwater Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Freshwater_Biology?f_ri=4266"},{"id":7436,"name":"Population Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Population_Biology?f_ri=4266"},{"id":7700,"name":"Fluorescence Microscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fluorescence_Microscopy?f_ri=4266"},{"id":7701,"name":"Membrane Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Membrane_Biology?f_ri=4266"},{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=4266"},{"id":7859,"name":"Scanning Probe Microscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scanning_Probe_Microscopy?f_ri=4266"},{"id":7874,"name":"Educational Neuroscience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Educational_Neuroscience?f_ri=4266"},{"id":7987,"name":"Radiation Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Biology?f_ri=4266"},{"id":8241,"name":"Tropical Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tropical_Medicine?f_ri=4266"},{"id":8322,"name":"Developmental neuroscience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developmental_neuroscience?f_ri=4266"},{"id":9088,"name":"Affective Neuroscience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Affective_Neuroscience?f_ri=4266"},{"id":9506,"name":"History of Neuroscience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Neuroscience?f_ri=4266"},{"id":10024,"name":"Population genetics (Biology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Population_genetics_Biology_?f_ri=4266"},{"id":10102,"name":"Social Neuroscience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Neuroscience?f_ri=4266"},{"id":10154,"name":"Environmental Microbiology (Biology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Microbiology_Biology_?f_ri=4266"},{"id":10574,"name":"Auditory Neuroscience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Auditory_Neuroscience?f_ri=4266"},{"id":10655,"name":"Scanning Electron Microscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scanning_Electron_Microscopy?f_ri=4266"},{"id":11228,"name":"Mycology and Plant pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mycology_and_Plant_pathology?f_ri=4266"},{"id":11267,"name":"Wood Anatomy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wood_Anatomy?f_ri=4266"},{"id":11632,"name":"Executive Functions (Cognitive Neuroscience)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Executive_Functions_Cognitive_Neuroscience_?f_ri=4266"},{"id":11873,"name":"Fish Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fish_Biology?f_ri=4266"},{"id":12069,"name":"Histology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Histology?f_ri=4266"},{"id":12808,"name":"Climate change biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_change_biology?f_ri=4266"},{"id":13075,"name":"History of Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Biology?f_ri=4266"},{"id":13827,"name":"Cell Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Biology?f_ri=4266"},{"id":13828,"name":"Cancer Cell Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cancer_Cell_Biology?f_ri=4266"},{"id":14076,"name":"Transmission Electron Microscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transmission_Electron_Microscopy?f_ri=4266"},{"id":14195,"name":"Cancer Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cancer_Biology?f_ri=4266"},{"id":14490,"name":"Fisheries Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fisheries_Biology?f_ri=4266"},{"id":14927,"name":"Agriculture (Biology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agriculture_Biology_?f_ri=4266"},{"id":15594,"name":"Systems Neuroscience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Systems_Neuroscience?f_ri=4266"},{"id":16580,"name":"Plant Physiology (Biology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Physiology_Biology_?f_ri=4266"},{"id":17605,"name":"Malacology (Biology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malacology_Biology_?f_ri=4266"},{"id":17706,"name":"Molluscan Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molluscan_Biology?f_ri=4266"},{"id":17843,"name":"Landscape ecology (Biology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Landscape_ecology_Biology_?f_ri=4266"},{"id":18014,"name":"History of Anatomy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Anatomy?f_ri=4266"},{"id":18147,"name":"Bioenergy (Biology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioenergy_Biology_?f_ri=4266"},{"id":18533,"name":"Confocal Microscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Confocal_Microscopy?f_ri=4266"},{"id":21099,"name":"Cognitive Neuroscience (in Cognition/Cognitive Development)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Neuroscience_in_Cognition_Cognitive_Development_?f_ri=4266"},{"id":21180,"name":"Chemical Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Biology?f_ri=4266"},{"id":21548,"name":"Cognitive Neuroscience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Neuroscience?f_ri=4266"},{"id":21717,"name":"Forensic Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forensic_Pathology?f_ri=4266"},{"id":22308,"name":"Marine Larval Biology \u0026 Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Larval_Biology_and_Ecology?f_ri=4266"},{"id":22844,"name":"Insect Molecular Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Insect_Molecular_Biology?f_ri=4266"},{"id":23773,"name":"Avian Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Avian_Biology?f_ri=4266"},{"id":23779,"name":"Population Ecology (Biology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Population_Ecology_Biology_?f_ri=4266"},{"id":24373,"name":"Atomic Force Microscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Atomic_Force_Microscopy?f_ri=4266"},{"id":25067,"name":"Neuroscience (Psychology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroscience_Psychology_?f_ri=4266"},{"id":25657,"name":"Plant Molecular Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Molecular_Biology?f_ri=4266"},{"id":25872,"name":"Oral pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oral_pathology?f_ri=4266"},{"id":26282,"name":"Vascular biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vascular_biology?f_ri=4266"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=4266"},{"id":26977,"name":"Theoretical biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theoretical_biology?f_ri=4266"},{"id":27552,"name":"Reproductive Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reproductive_Biology?f_ri=4266"},{"id":30296,"name":"Cladistics (Systematic Biology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cladistics_Systematic_Biology_?f_ri=4266"},{"id":30601,"name":"Behavioral Neuroscience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Behavioral_Neuroscience?f_ri=4266"},{"id":31053,"name":"Philosophy of cognitive neuroscience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_cognitive_neuroscience?f_ri=4266"},{"id":32511,"name":"Evo-Devo (Developmental Biology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evo-Devo_Developmental_Biology_?f_ri=4266"},{"id":35581,"name":"Clinical Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Pathology?f_ri=4266"},{"id":36325,"name":"Social Cognitive Neuroscience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Cognitive_Neuroscience?f_ri=4266"},{"id":36520,"name":"Philosophy of Neuroscience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Neuroscience?f_ri=4266"},{"id":37270,"name":"Biology Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology_Education?f_ri=4266"},{"id":37870,"name":"Organismal Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organismal_Biology?f_ri=4266"},{"id":37871,"name":"Integrative Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrative_Biology?f_ri=4266"},{"id":38408,"name":"Phycology (Biology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phycology_Biology_?f_ri=4266"},{"id":41023,"name":"Social Cognitive Affective Neuroscience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Cognitive_Affective_Neuroscience?f_ri=4266"},{"id":44297,"name":"Herbal Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Herbal_Medicine?f_ri=4266"},{"id":45223,"name":"Crustacean Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Crustacean_Biology?f_ri=4266"},{"id":45615,"name":"Plant Anatomy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Anatomy?f_ri=4266"},{"id":46578,"name":"Cell and Molecular Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_and_Molecular_Biology?f_ri=4266"},{"id":46901,"name":"Human Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Biology?f_ri=4266"},{"id":46992,"name":"Molecular Biology Cancer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Biology_Cancer?f_ri=4266"},{"id":50531,"name":"Clinical Anatomy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Anatomy?f_ri=4266"},{"id":54381,"name":"Molecular Biology and genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Biology_and_genetics?f_ri=4266"},{"id":54589,"name":"Anatomy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anatomy?f_ri=4266"},{"id":63067,"name":"Molecular and cellular biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_and_cellular_biology?f_ri=4266"},{"id":64801,"name":"Text-book of Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Text-book_of_Biology?f_ri=4266"},{"id":68927,"name":"Anatomy and Physiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anatomy_and_Physiology?f_ri=4266"},{"id":71260,"name":"Molecular plant pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_plant_pathology?f_ri=4266"},{"id":76054,"name":"Histology and Cell Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Histology_and_Cell_Biology?f_ri=4266"},{"id":95842,"name":"Ecology and Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology_and_Evolutionary_Biology-1?f_ri=4266"},{"id":96853,"name":"Human Anatomy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Anatomy?f_ri=4266"},{"id":97142,"name":"Environmental Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Biology?f_ri=4266"},{"id":101834,"name":"Cave Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cave_Biology?f_ri=4266"},{"id":103011,"name":"Plant Biotechnology and Molecular Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Biotechnology_and_Molecular_Biology?f_ri=4266"},{"id":132282,"name":"Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Lipids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biochemistry_and_Molecular_Biology_of_Lipids?f_ri=4266"},{"id":172797,"name":"Plant morphology and anatomy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_morphology_and_anatomy?f_ri=4266"},{"id":205560,"name":"Molecular Cell Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Cell_Biology?f_ri=4266"},{"id":206504,"name":"General Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/General_Biology?f_ri=4266"},{"id":218599,"name":"Plant metabolomics and molecular biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_metabolomics_and_molecular_biology?f_ri=4266"},{"id":254762,"name":"Marine Biology and Oceanography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Biology_and_Oceanography?f_ri=4266"},{"id":254815,"name":"Freshwater Biology and Limnology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Freshwater_Biology_and_Limnology?f_ri=4266"},{"id":259191,"name":"Psychology and Neuroscience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology_and_Neuroscience-1?f_ri=4266"},{"id":285891,"name":"Animal Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Biology?f_ri=4266"},{"id":290215,"name":"Molecular biology and/or Plant breeding and Genetics of Stress Tolerence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_biology_and_or_Plant_breeding_and_Genetics_of_Stress_Tolerence?f_ri=4266"},{"id":362037,"name":"Veterinary Clinical Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Veterinary_Clinical_Pathology?f_ri=4266"},{"id":365106,"name":"Biology Teacher Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology_Teacher_Education?f_ri=4266"},{"id":382325,"name":"Internasional Journal of Biology Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internasional_Journal_of_Biology_Education?f_ri=4266"},{"id":473228,"name":"Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oral_and_Maxillofacial_Pathology_and_Microbiology?f_ri=4266"},{"id":487156,"name":"Critical Neuroscience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Neuroscience?f_ri=4266"},{"id":510297,"name":"Neuroscience and brain research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroscience_and_brain_research?f_ri=4266"},{"id":602219,"name":"Biochemistry and molecular biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biochemistry_and_molecular_biology?f_ri=4266"},{"id":624980,"name":"Plant Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Pathology?f_ri=4266"},{"id":643749,"name":"Human Anatomy and Physiology Teaching Methodologies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Anatomy_and_Physiology_Teaching_Methodologies?f_ri=4266"},{"id":685785,"name":"Science process skill in Biology at Secondary Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Science_process_skill_in_Biology_at_Secondary_Education?f_ri=4266"},{"id":741684,"name":"Biology and Educational Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology_and_Educational_Sciences?f_ri=4266"},{"id":902713,"name":"Speech Language Pathology and Audiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Speech_Language_Pathology_and_Audiology?f_ri=4266"},{"id":1112835,"name":"E.g. Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/E.g._Biology?f_ri=4266"},{"id":1115412,"name":"Vector Biology \u0026 Control","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vector_Biology_and_Control-1?f_ri=4266"},{"id":1152892,"name":"Speech-language Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Speech-language_Pathology?f_ri=4266"},{"id":1239755,"name":"Neurosciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurosciences?f_ri=4266"},{"id":1681026,"name":"Biochemistry and cell biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biochemistry_and_cell_biology?f_ri=4266"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_5044453" data-work_id="5044453" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5044453/Red_fox_population_decrease_in_hungary_Competition_or_carrying_capacity_limitation">Red fox population decrease in hungary: Competition or carrying capacity limitation</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In the last two decades the Hungarian red fox (Vulpes vulpes) population (POP) has grown significantly. The growing trend was broken in 2002. We tested two hypotheses: (1) the POP falling due to a fox POP size that is above the carrying... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_5044453" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In the last two decades the Hungarian red fox (Vulpes vulpes) population (POP) has grown significantly. The growing trend was broken in 2002. We tested two hypotheses: (1) the POP falling due to a fox POP size that is above the carrying capacity (CC) that initiates internal control mechanisms (H1); or (2) a fall in the POP due to competition from the expanding golden jackal POP (H2)</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/5044453" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b89aa25435ccbd62109a297b69f8baa8" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":32272258,"asset_id":5044453,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32272258/download_file?st=MTczOTgwNTkzMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6721667" href="https://independent.academia.edu/TamasUjhelyi">Tamas Ujhelyi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6721667" type="text/json">{"id":6721667,"first_name":"Tamas","last_name":"Ujhelyi","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"TamasUjhelyi","display_name":"Tamas Ujhelyi","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/TamasUjhelyi?f_ri=4266","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6721667/2740318/3192486/s65_tamas.ujhelyi.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_5044453 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="5044453"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5044453, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_5044453", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_5044453 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5044453; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_5044453"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_5044453 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="5044453"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5044453; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5044453]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_5044453").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_5044453").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="5044453"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="155" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology">Evolutionary Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="155" type="text/json">{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2467" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation_Biology">Conservation Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2467" type="text/json">{"id":2467,"name":"Conservation Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4266" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology">Wildlife Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4266" type="text/json">{"id":4266,"name":"Wildlife Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7710" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7710" type="text/json">{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=5044453]'), work: {"id":5044453,"title":"Red fox population decrease in hungary: Competition or carrying capacity limitation","created_at":"2013-11-09T15:57:47.981-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/5044453/Red_fox_population_decrease_in_hungary_Competition_or_carrying_capacity_limitation?f_ri=4266","dom_id":"work_5044453","summary":"In the last two decades the Hungarian red fox (Vulpes vulpes) population (POP) has grown significantly. The growing trend was broken in 2002. We tested two hypotheses: (1) the POP falling due to a fox POP size that is above the carrying capacity (CC) that initiates internal control mechanisms (H1); or (2) a fall in the POP due to competition from the expanding golden jackal POP (H2)","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":32272258,"asset_id":5044453,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":6721667,"first_name":"Tamas","last_name":"Ujhelyi","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"TamasUjhelyi","display_name":"Tamas Ujhelyi","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/TamasUjhelyi?f_ri=4266","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6721667/2740318/3192486/s65_tamas.ujhelyi.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":2467,"name":"Conservation Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":4266,"name":"Wildlife Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_8712719" data-work_id="8712719" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8712719/Proyecto_PRASCOSUR_PRotejamos_los_Animales_de_la_COstanera_SUR_informe_semestral">Proyecto PRASCOSUR PRotejamos los Animales de la COstanera SUR, informe semestral</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Un total de 291 animales fueron hallados muertos en la vía, durante los 142 monitoreos realizados desde el 1 de enero al 1 de Julio. La frecuencia de aparición de un animal atropellado es 1 animal cada 1,5 kms recorridos. De estos 291... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_8712719" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Un total de 291 animales fueron hallados muertos en la vía, durante los 142 monitoreos realizados desde el 1 de enero al 1 de Julio. La frecuencia de aparición de un animal atropellado es 1 animal cada 1,5 kms recorridos. De estos 291 animales el 13% son aves, 24% mamíferos, 30% reptiles y 33% anfibios. En la zona del RVS Hacienda Barú, T14 donde se han observado abundantes medidas de mitigación en forma de túneles bajo la calle y pasos aéreos de fauna, la tasa de atropellos es de 0,3 animales/monitoreo, mientras que la zona aledaña al HN Térraba Sierpe es de 4.0 y la media para todo el área de estudio es 2.0.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/8712719" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="88373c5e221abf5a22e7cbce846018fa" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":35063439,"asset_id":8712719,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/35063439/download_file?st=MTczOTgwNTkzMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="18300484" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SusanaGarc%C3%ADaBlanco">Susana García Blanco</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="18300484" type="text/json">{"id":18300484,"first_name":"Susana","last_name":"García Blanco","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SusanaGarcíaBlanco","display_name":"Susana García Blanco","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SusanaGarc%C3%ADaBlanco?f_ri=4266","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/18300484/5120536/5868144/s65_susana.garc_a_blanco.jpg_oh_f447030540bb00a3dae6f64c63513b31_oe_54f72ba4___gda___1421909529_7291a91c7b87de26808fd11b5c343e22"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_8712719 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="8712719"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 8712719, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_8712719", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_8712719 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8712719; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_8712719"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_8712719 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="8712719"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8712719; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8712719]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_8712719").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_8712719").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="8712719"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4266" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology">Wildlife Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4266" type="text/json">{"id":4266,"name":"Wildlife Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17566" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Costa_Rica">Costa Rica</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="17566" type="text/json">{"id":17566,"name":"Costa Rica","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Costa_Rica?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="80155" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Road_Ecology">Road Ecology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="80155" type="text/json">{"id":80155,"name":"Road Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Road_Ecology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=8712719]'), work: {"id":8712719,"title":"Proyecto PRASCOSUR PRotejamos los Animales de la COstanera SUR, informe semestral","created_at":"2014-10-09T08:55:03.848-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/8712719/Proyecto_PRASCOSUR_PRotejamos_los_Animales_de_la_COstanera_SUR_informe_semestral?f_ri=4266","dom_id":"work_8712719","summary":"Un total de 291 animales fueron hallados muertos en la vía, durante los 142 monitoreos realizados desde el 1 de enero al 1 de Julio. La frecuencia de aparición de un animal atropellado es 1 animal cada 1,5 kms recorridos. De estos 291 animales el 13% son aves, 24% mamíferos, 30% reptiles y 33% anfibios. En la zona del RVS Hacienda Barú, T14 donde se han observado abundantes medidas de mitigación en forma de túneles bajo la calle y pasos aéreos de fauna, la tasa de atropellos es de 0,3 animales/monitoreo, mientras que la zona aledaña al HN Térraba Sierpe es de 4.0 y la media para todo el área de estudio es 2.0.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":35063439,"asset_id":8712719,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":18300484,"first_name":"Susana","last_name":"García Blanco","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SusanaGarcíaBlanco","display_name":"Susana García Blanco","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SusanaGarc%C3%ADaBlanco?f_ri=4266","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/18300484/5120536/5868144/s65_susana.garc_a_blanco.jpg_oh_f447030540bb00a3dae6f64c63513b31_oe_54f72ba4___gda___1421909529_7291a91c7b87de26808fd11b5c343e22"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4266,"name":"Wildlife Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":17566,"name":"Costa Rica","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Costa_Rica?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":80155,"name":"Road Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Road_Ecology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_30906287" data-work_id="30906287" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/30906287/Global_patterns_and_predictors_of_bird_species_responses_to_forest_fragmentation_Implications_for_ecosystem_function_and_conservation">Global patterns and predictors of bird species responses to forest fragmentation: Implications for ecosystem function and conservation</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The fragmentation of forests is a dominant human impact worldwide with major implications for the conservation and management of ecosystems. Although many studies have assessed the effects of fragmentation on biodiversity at local scales,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_30906287" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The fragmentation of forests is a dominant human impact worldwide with major implications for the conservation and management of ecosystems. Although many studies have assessed the effects of fragmentation on biodiversity at local scales, our understanding of the ecological implications for different functional groups of organisms remains limited, particularly at global scales. Here, we use linear mixed models to explore patterns of occurrence and ecological function of 2844 bird species at 293 localities spanning five continents. We show that sensitivity to fragmentation varies according to functional group and body mass, with the prevalence of insectivores and large frugivores declining in relation to fragment size, particularly under 100 ha. However, the most severe effects were restricted to the tropics, whereas fragmentation had no significant impact on the basic ecological structure of temperate bird communities. We conclude that land-use change in tropical systems is likely to disrupt biotic processes, including seed dispersal and the control of insect herbivores. Our findings highlight the importance of latitude in mediating the impacts of habitat loss, and offer general guidelines for the minimum size of fragments required to prevent the collapse of key ecosystem processes in sensitive regions.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/30906287" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ce7627a35286c0b0ab233caae1e737fd" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":51331356,"asset_id":30906287,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51331356/download_file?st=MTczOTgwNTkzMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="58833991" href="https://utah.academia.edu/CaganHakkiSekercioglu">Cagan Hakki Sekercioglu</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="58833991" type="text/json">{"id":58833991,"first_name":"Cagan Hakki","last_name":"Sekercioglu","domain_name":"utah","page_name":"CaganHakkiSekercioglu","display_name":"Cagan Hakki Sekercioglu","profile_url":"https://utah.academia.edu/CaganHakkiSekercioglu?f_ri=4266","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/58833991/18675604/18634353/s65_cagan_hakki.sekercioglu.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_30906287 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="30906287"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 30906287, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_30906287", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_30906287 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 30906287; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_30906287"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_30906287 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="30906287"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 30906287; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=30906287]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_30906287").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_30906287").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="30906287"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">22</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="402" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science">Environmental Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="402" type="text/json">{"id":402,"name":"Environmental Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1091" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ornithology">Ornithology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1091" type="text/json">{"id":1091,"name":"Ornithology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ornithology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2467" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation_Biology">Conservation Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2467" type="text/json">{"id":2467,"name":"Conservation Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3332" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Resilience">Resilience</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3332" type="text/json">{"id":3332,"name":"Resilience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Resilience?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=30906287]'), work: {"id":30906287,"title":"Global patterns and predictors of bird species responses to forest fragmentation: Implications for ecosystem function and conservation","created_at":"2017-01-13T01:07:10.006-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/30906287/Global_patterns_and_predictors_of_bird_species_responses_to_forest_fragmentation_Implications_for_ecosystem_function_and_conservation?f_ri=4266","dom_id":"work_30906287","summary":"The fragmentation of forests is a dominant human impact worldwide with major implications for the conservation and management of ecosystems. Although many studies have assessed the effects of fragmentation on biodiversity at local scales, our understanding of the ecological implications for different functional groups of organisms remains limited, particularly at global scales. Here, we use linear mixed models to explore patterns of occurrence and ecological function of 2844 bird species at 293 localities spanning five continents. We show that sensitivity to fragmentation varies according to functional group and body mass, with the prevalence of insectivores and large frugivores declining in relation to fragment size, particularly under 100 ha. However, the most severe effects were restricted to the tropics, whereas fragmentation had no significant impact on the basic ecological structure of temperate bird communities. We conclude that land-use change in tropical systems is likely to disrupt biotic processes, including seed dispersal and the control of insect herbivores. Our findings highlight the importance of latitude in mediating the impacts of habitat loss, and offer general guidelines for the minimum size of fragments required to prevent the collapse of key ecosystem processes in sensitive regions.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":51331356,"asset_id":30906287,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":58833991,"first_name":"Cagan Hakki","last_name":"Sekercioglu","domain_name":"utah","page_name":"CaganHakkiSekercioglu","display_name":"Cagan Hakki Sekercioglu","profile_url":"https://utah.academia.edu/CaganHakkiSekercioglu?f_ri=4266","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/58833991/18675604/18634353/s65_cagan_hakki.sekercioglu.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":402,"name":"Environmental Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":1091,"name":"Ornithology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ornithology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":2467,"name":"Conservation Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":3332,"name":"Resilience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Resilience?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":3407,"name":"Environmental Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Studies?f_ri=4266"},{"id":4266,"name":"Wildlife Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology?f_ri=4266"},{"id":4524,"name":"Sustainable Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Development?f_ri=4266"},{"id":7609,"name":"Environmental Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Management?f_ri=4266"},{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=4266"},{"id":9846,"name":"Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology?f_ri=4266"},{"id":13409,"name":"Forest Fragmentation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forest_Fragmentation?f_ri=4266"},{"id":17825,"name":"Biodiversity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biodiversity?f_ri=4266"},{"id":18845,"name":"Environmental Sustainability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sustainability?f_ri=4266"},{"id":22413,"name":"Wildlife Conservation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Conservation?f_ri=4266"},{"id":43996,"name":"Land Use Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Land_Use_Change?f_ri=4266"},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=4266"},{"id":48494,"name":"Biodiversity Conservation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biodiversity_Conservation?f_ri=4266"},{"id":56254,"name":"Biodiversity Research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biodiversity_Research?f_ri=4266"},{"id":58054,"name":"Environmental Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sciences?f_ri=4266"},{"id":78624,"name":"Biological Conservation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Conservation?f_ri=4266"},{"id":96324,"name":"Birds","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Birds?f_ri=4266"},{"id":174975,"name":"Habitat fragmentation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Habitat_fragmentation?f_ri=4266"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_2335797" data-work_id="2335797" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2335797/Demography_of_lynx_Lynx_lynx_in_the_Jura_Mountains">Demography of lynx Lynx lynx in the Jura Mountains</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/2335797" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a520228fb98cba8f2125d6ae19c9d0e2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":30379122,"asset_id":2335797,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/30379122/download_file?st=MTczOTgwNTkzMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2976226" href="https://independent.academia.edu/FridolinZimmermann">Fridolin Zimmermann</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2976226" type="text/json">{"id":2976226,"first_name":"Fridolin","last_name":"Zimmermann","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FridolinZimmermann","display_name":"Fridolin Zimmermann","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/FridolinZimmermann?f_ri=4266","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2976226/982677/1229668/s65_fridolin.zimmermann.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_2335797 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="2335797"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 2335797, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_2335797", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_2335797 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2335797; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_2335797"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_2335797 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="2335797"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2335797; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2335797]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_2335797").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_2335797").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="2335797"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="173" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology">Zoology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="173" type="text/json">{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4266" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology">Wildlife Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4266" type="text/json">{"id":4266,"name":"Wildlife Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="667731" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lynx_lynx">Lynx lynx</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="667731" type="text/json">{"id":667731,"name":"Lynx lynx","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lynx_lynx?f_ri=4266","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=2335797]'), work: {"id":2335797,"title":"Demography of lynx Lynx lynx in the Jura Mountains","created_at":"2012-12-28T06:35:26.768-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/2335797/Demography_of_lynx_Lynx_lynx_in_the_Jura_Mountains?f_ri=4266","dom_id":"work_2335797","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":30379122,"asset_id":2335797,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2976226,"first_name":"Fridolin","last_name":"Zimmermann","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FridolinZimmermann","display_name":"Fridolin Zimmermann","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/FridolinZimmermann?f_ri=4266","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2976226/982677/1229668/s65_fridolin.zimmermann.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":4266,"name":"Wildlife Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":667731,"name":"Lynx lynx","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lynx_lynx?f_ri=4266","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_43704242" data-work_id="43704242" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/43704242/Recipes_for_Survival_Controlling_the_Bushmeat_Trade_Ape_Alliance_report_funded_by_WSPA">Recipes for Survival: Controlling the Bushmeat Trade. Ape Alliance report funded by WSPA</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Across the globe, forests are being treated as convertible, rather than renewable resources. The consequences of the bushmeat trade for endangered species, biodiversity and people are no longer in doubt-unless a concerted, multifaceted... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_43704242" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Across the globe, forests are being treated as convertible, rather than renewable resources. The consequences of the bushmeat trade for endangered species, biodiversity and people are no longer in doubt-unless a concerted, multifaceted effort, equal in gravity to the severity of the crisis is initiated, the 'empty forest syndrome' will be realised in the foreseeable future.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/43704242" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="82d7e2bb7950201819978e7eb888f285" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":64009518,"asset_id":43704242,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64009518/download_file?st=MTczOTgwNTkzMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="22456248" href="https://independent.academia.edu/IanRedmond">Ian M Redmond</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="22456248" type="text/json">{"id":22456248,"first_name":"Ian","last_name":"Redmond","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"IanRedmond","display_name":"Ian M Redmond","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/IanRedmond?f_ri=4266","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/22456248/19637763/22725487/s65_ian.redmond.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_43704242 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="43704242"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 43704242, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_43704242", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_43704242 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43704242; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_43704242"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_43704242 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="43704242"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43704242; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43704242]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_43704242").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_43704242").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="43704242"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2467" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation_Biology">Conservation Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2467" type="text/json">{"id":2467,"name":"Conservation Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4266" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology">Wildlife Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4266" type="text/json">{"id":4266,"name":"Wildlife Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7651" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Ecology_And_Management">Wildlife Ecology And Management</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7651" type="text/json">{"id":7651,"name":"Wildlife Ecology And Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Ecology_And_Management?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22413" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Conservation">Wildlife Conservation</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="22413" type="text/json">{"id":22413,"name":"Wildlife Conservation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Conservation?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=43704242]'), work: {"id":43704242,"title":"Recipes for Survival: Controlling the Bushmeat Trade. Ape Alliance report funded by WSPA","created_at":"2020-07-24T08:37:02.117-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/43704242/Recipes_for_Survival_Controlling_the_Bushmeat_Trade_Ape_Alliance_report_funded_by_WSPA?f_ri=4266","dom_id":"work_43704242","summary":"Across the globe, forests are being treated as convertible, rather than renewable resources. The consequences of the bushmeat trade for endangered species, biodiversity and people are no longer in doubt-unless a concerted, multifaceted effort, equal in gravity to the severity of the crisis is initiated, the 'empty forest syndrome' will be realised in the foreseeable future.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":64009518,"asset_id":43704242,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":22456248,"first_name":"Ian","last_name":"Redmond","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"IanRedmond","display_name":"Ian M Redmond","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/IanRedmond?f_ri=4266","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/22456248/19637763/22725487/s65_ian.redmond.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2467,"name":"Conservation Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":4266,"name":"Wildlife Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":7651,"name":"Wildlife Ecology And Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Ecology_And_Management?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":22413,"name":"Wildlife Conservation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Conservation?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":38360,"name":"Food Security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Security?f_ri=4266"},{"id":40080,"name":"Bushmeat Hunting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bushmeat_Hunting?f_ri=4266"},{"id":108112,"name":"Tropical forest","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tropical_forest?f_ri=4266"},{"id":142472,"name":"Wildlife trade","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_trade?f_ri=4266"},{"id":222758,"name":"Great Apes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Great_Apes?f_ri=4266"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_23770673" data-work_id="23770673" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/23770673/Trends_in_wildlife_intake_at_a_rehabilitation_center_in_Central_Alberta_A_retrospective_analysis_of_birds_mammals_and_herptiles_from_1990_through_2012">Trends in wildlife intake at a rehabilitation center in Central Alberta: A retrospective analysis of birds, mammals, and herptiles, from 1990 through 2012</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Using patient data from the Wildlife Rehabilitation Society of Edmonton, we assessed reasons for admission, overall success of rehabilitation, and compared temporal trends with human population growth in the region. Over the survey period... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_23770673" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Using patient data from the Wildlife Rehabilitation Society of Edmonton, we assessed reasons for admission, overall success of rehabilitation, and compared temporal trends with human population growth in the region. Over the survey period 13,375 individuals from 271 species were admitted. These included 11,637 birds (87%), 1,727 mammals (13%), and 11 herptiles (<0.1%). Outcome data were not reliably collected from 1990 through 2007 so it is not possible to provide a valid rate of<br />the rehabilitated animal release for those years. However, starting in 2008 outcome data was collected for the majority of<br />animals with the average  release rate of 45.7% from 2008 through 2012. There was a strong relationship between Edmonton’s population growth and the annual intake of wildlife (R² = 0.84, F = 104.6, P = 0.001). This study provides an overview of wildlife intake trends from 1990 through 2012 and is the first known published retrospective of wildlife intake in Alberta.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/23770673" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d5c283cd7d0b8a0cb1c8b192d41cf3ac" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44193971,"asset_id":23770673,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44193971/download_file?st=MTczOTgwNTkzMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1670809" href="https://macewan.academia.edu/DavidLocky">David Locky</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1670809" type="text/json">{"id":1670809,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Locky","domain_name":"macewan","page_name":"DavidLocky","display_name":"David Locky","profile_url":"https://macewan.academia.edu/DavidLocky?f_ri=4266","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1670809/579158/720454/s65_david.locky.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_23770673 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="23770673"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 23770673, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_23770673", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_23770673 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 23770673; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_23770673"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_23770673 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="23770673"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 23770673; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=23770673]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_23770673").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_23770673").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="23770673"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4266" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology">Wildlife Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4266" type="text/json">{"id":4266,"name":"Wildlife Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="19406" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human-wildlife_conflicts">Human-wildlife conflicts</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="19406" type="text/json">{"id":19406,"name":"Human-wildlife conflicts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human-wildlife_conflicts?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22413" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Conservation">Wildlife Conservation</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="22413" type="text/json">{"id":22413,"name":"Wildlife Conservation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Conservation?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=23770673]'), work: {"id":23770673,"title":"Trends in wildlife intake at a rehabilitation center in Central Alberta: A retrospective analysis of birds, mammals, and herptiles, from 1990 through 2012","created_at":"2016-03-29T12:35:56.879-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/23770673/Trends_in_wildlife_intake_at_a_rehabilitation_center_in_Central_Alberta_A_retrospective_analysis_of_birds_mammals_and_herptiles_from_1990_through_2012?f_ri=4266","dom_id":"work_23770673","summary":"Using patient data from the Wildlife Rehabilitation Society of Edmonton, we assessed reasons for admission, overall success of rehabilitation, and compared temporal trends with human population growth in the region. Over the survey period 13,375 individuals from 271 species were admitted. These included 11,637 birds (87%), 1,727 mammals (13%), and 11 herptiles (\u003c0.1%). Outcome data were not reliably collected from 1990 through 2007 so it is not possible to provide a valid rate of\nthe rehabilitated animal release for those years. However, starting in 2008 outcome data was collected for the majority of\nanimals with the average release rate of 45.7% from 2008 through 2012. There was a strong relationship between Edmonton’s population growth and the annual intake of wildlife (R² = 0.84, F = 104.6, P = 0.001). This study provides an overview of wildlife intake trends from 1990 through 2012 and is the first known published retrospective of wildlife intake in Alberta.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44193971,"asset_id":23770673,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1670809,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Locky","domain_name":"macewan","page_name":"DavidLocky","display_name":"David Locky","profile_url":"https://macewan.academia.edu/DavidLocky?f_ri=4266","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1670809/579158/720454/s65_david.locky.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4266,"name":"Wildlife Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":19406,"name":"Human-wildlife conflicts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human-wildlife_conflicts?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":22413,"name":"Wildlife Conservation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Conservation?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_4091641" data-work_id="4091641" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4091641/Genetic_diversity_in_crows_2013"> Genetic diversity in crows.2013</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Crows are passerine birds of genus corvus in family Corvidae. Current study was carried out on three species of crow, jungle crow (Corvus macrorhynchos), house crow (C. splendens) and jackdaw (C. monedula) present in district Mansehra,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_4091641" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Crows are passerine birds of genus corvus in family Corvidae. Current study was carried out on three species of crow, jungle crow (Corvus macrorhynchos), house crow (C. splendens) and jackdaw (C. monedula) present in district Mansehra, Pakistan. Crows were trapped for blood sampling. The total genomic DNA was isolated from the blood of each species. The RAPD -PCR analysis of isolated DNA was performed for genetic diversity estimation. All the amplification profiles were observed and genetic distances were estimated. Results of RAPD analysis revealed high level of genetic polymorphism among the three species. The average genetic distance estimates ranged from 50-90%. Phylogenetic relationship was elaborated through dendrogram which supports the genetics distances. The dendrogram showed that house crow and jungle crow share much genetic affinities to each other than to jackdaw. The results also revealed the RAPD markers as effective for such types of studies where an overall picture of genome is required.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/4091641" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6ed306aeaa1db9cd62734a644fea3c99" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":31615893,"asset_id":4091641,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/31615893/download_file?st=MTczOTgwNTkzMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4890572" href="https://caas.academia.edu/sawarkhan">Sawar Khan</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4890572" type="text/json">{"id":4890572,"first_name":"Sawar","last_name":"Khan","domain_name":"caas","page_name":"sawarkhan","display_name":"Sawar Khan","profile_url":"https://caas.academia.edu/sawarkhan?f_ri=4266","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4890572/2130412/19703568/s65_sawar.khan.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_4091641 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="4091641"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 4091641, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_4091641", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_4091641 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 4091641; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_4091641"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_4091641 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="4091641"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 4091641; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=4091641]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_4091641").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_4091641").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="4091641"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="148" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Botany">Botany</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="148" type="text/json">{"id":148,"name":"Botany","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Botany?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="173" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology">Zoology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="173" type="text/json">{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="252" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developmental_Psychology">Developmental Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="252" type="text/json">{"id":252,"name":"Developmental Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developmental_Psychology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1063" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Education">Environmental Education</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1063" type="text/json">{"id":1063,"name":"Environmental Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Education?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=4091641]'), work: {"id":4091641,"title":" Genetic diversity in crows.2013","created_at":"2013-07-23T13:12:17.717-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/4091641/Genetic_diversity_in_crows_2013?f_ri=4266","dom_id":"work_4091641","summary":"Crows are passerine birds of genus corvus in family Corvidae. Current study was carried out on three species of crow, jungle crow (Corvus macrorhynchos), house crow (C. splendens) and jackdaw (C. monedula) present in district Mansehra, Pakistan. Crows were trapped for blood sampling. The total genomic DNA was isolated from the blood of each species. The RAPD -PCR analysis of isolated DNA was performed for genetic diversity estimation. All the amplification profiles were observed and genetic distances were estimated. Results of RAPD analysis revealed high level of genetic polymorphism among the three species. The average genetic distance estimates ranged from 50-90%. Phylogenetic relationship was elaborated through dendrogram which supports the genetics distances. The dendrogram showed that house crow and jungle crow share much genetic affinities to each other than to jackdaw. The results also revealed the RAPD markers as effective for such types of studies where an overall picture of genome is required.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":31615893,"asset_id":4091641,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4890572,"first_name":"Sawar","last_name":"Khan","domain_name":"caas","page_name":"sawarkhan","display_name":"Sawar Khan","profile_url":"https://caas.academia.edu/sawarkhan?f_ri=4266","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4890572/2130412/19703568/s65_sawar.khan.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":148,"name":"Botany","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Botany?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":252,"name":"Developmental Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developmental_Psychology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":1063,"name":"Environmental Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Education?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":1279,"name":"Science Communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Science_Communication?f_ri=4266"},{"id":2467,"name":"Conservation Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation_Biology?f_ri=4266"},{"id":2809,"name":"Conservation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation?f_ri=4266"},{"id":4266,"name":"Wildlife Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology?f_ri=4266"},{"id":7076,"name":"Taxonomy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Taxonomy?f_ri=4266"},{"id":9846,"name":"Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology?f_ri=4266"},{"id":17825,"name":"Biodiversity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biodiversity?f_ri=4266"},{"id":19406,"name":"Human-wildlife conflicts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human-wildlife_conflicts?f_ri=4266"},{"id":30819,"name":"Corvids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Corvids?f_ri=4266"},{"id":54433,"name":"Phylogeny","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phylogeny?f_ri=4266"},{"id":96324,"name":"Birds","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Birds?f_ri=4266"},{"id":133572,"name":"Wildlife Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Management?f_ri=4266"},{"id":166021,"name":"Causal Learning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Causal_Learning?f_ri=4266"},{"id":177020,"name":"Physical cognition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physical_cognition?f_ri=4266"},{"id":178381,"name":"Associative learning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Associative_learning?f_ri=4266"},{"id":222756,"name":"Corvidae","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Corvidae?f_ri=4266"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_44934629" data-work_id="44934629" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44934629/Marathi_Sanrakshit_Kshetra_Vartapatra_Issue_4_January_2021">Marathi Sanrakshit Kshetra Vartapatra Issue 4 January 2021</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">A newsletter in Marathi with news, information and analysis on wildlife and conservation in the state of Maharashtra, India. Published by Kalpavriksh with support from the Duleep Matthai Nature Conservation Trust</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/44934629" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a958d36b3435291166d7d30155fb7903" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":65461126,"asset_id":44934629,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65461126/download_file?st=MTczOTgwNTkzMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1219553" href="https://iitbombay.academia.edu/PankajSekhsaria">Pankaj Sekhsaria</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1219553" type="text/json">{"id":1219553,"first_name":"Pankaj","last_name":"Sekhsaria","domain_name":"iitbombay","page_name":"PankajSekhsaria","display_name":"Pankaj Sekhsaria","profile_url":"https://iitbombay.academia.edu/PankajSekhsaria?f_ri=4266","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1219553/2916270/36565399/s65_pankaj.sekhsaria.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_44934629 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="44934629"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44934629, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_44934629", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_44934629 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44934629; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_44934629"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_44934629 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="44934629"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44934629; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44934629]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_44934629").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_44934629").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="44934629"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4266" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology">Wildlife Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4266" type="text/json">{"id":4266,"name":"Wildlife Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7651" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Ecology_And_Management">Wildlife Ecology And Management</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7651" type="text/json">{"id":7651,"name":"Wildlife Ecology And Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Ecology_And_Management?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17825" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biodiversity">Biodiversity</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="17825" type="text/json">{"id":17825,"name":"Biodiversity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biodiversity?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17846" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Leopardi">Leopardi</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="17846" type="text/json">{"id":17846,"name":"Leopardi","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Leopardi?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=44934629]'), work: {"id":44934629,"title":"Marathi Sanrakshit Kshetra Vartapatra Issue 4 January 2021","created_at":"2021-01-19T05:11:34.638-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/44934629/Marathi_Sanrakshit_Kshetra_Vartapatra_Issue_4_January_2021?f_ri=4266","dom_id":"work_44934629","summary":"A newsletter in Marathi with news, information and analysis on wildlife and conservation in the state of Maharashtra, India. Published by Kalpavriksh with support from the Duleep Matthai Nature Conservation Trust","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":65461126,"asset_id":44934629,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1219553,"first_name":"Pankaj","last_name":"Sekhsaria","domain_name":"iitbombay","page_name":"PankajSekhsaria","display_name":"Pankaj Sekhsaria","profile_url":"https://iitbombay.academia.edu/PankajSekhsaria?f_ri=4266","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1219553/2916270/36565399/s65_pankaj.sekhsaria.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4266,"name":"Wildlife Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":7651,"name":"Wildlife Ecology And Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Ecology_And_Management?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":17825,"name":"Biodiversity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biodiversity?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":17846,"name":"Leopardi","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Leopardi?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":19406,"name":"Human-wildlife conflicts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human-wildlife_conflicts?f_ri=4266"},{"id":22413,"name":"Wildlife Conservation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Conservation?f_ri=4266"},{"id":71075,"name":"Tiger ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tiger_ecology?f_ri=4266"},{"id":73371,"name":"Marathi Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marathi_Language?f_ri=4266"},{"id":117033,"name":"Forests","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forests?f_ri=4266"},{"id":133572,"name":"Wildlife Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Management?f_ri=4266"},{"id":225186,"name":"Maharashtra","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maharashtra?f_ri=4266"},{"id":558527,"name":"Marathi","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marathi?f_ri=4266"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37770284" data-work_id="37770284" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37770284/Diet_Potential_and_Distribution_of_Crested_Fireback_Lophura_ignita_ignita_in_Wain_River_Protected_Forest_Balikpapan">Diet Potential and Distribution of Crested Fireback (Lophura ignita ignita) in Wain River Protected Forest, Balikpapan</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Forest is the most need for the wildlife that live in. Forest provide foods, shelter, and place to breed for animals. In the food chain producer is the important actor to fulfill the food need for the consumer (Herbivore), in orfer ot... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37770284" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Forest is the most need for the wildlife that live in. Forest provide foods, shelter, and place to breed for animals. In the food chain producer is the important actor to fulfill the food need for the consumer (Herbivore), in orfer ot survie in ecosystem.The purpose of this research is to know the types of diet potential and distribution of Crested Fireback (Lophura ignita ignita) in Wain River Protected Forest area using Plot method and recording of presence by using camera traps. From the results of the vegetation analysis that have been done on the habitat of Lophura ignita ignita is successfully recorded 23 species of vegetation consisting of 13 families: Anonaceae,</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37770284" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c350d0f4a2c3628368cd0d46da79ba68" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57766174,"asset_id":37770284,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57766174/download_file?st=MTczOTgwNTkzMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="18242344" href="https://unmul.academia.edu/brianmartin">Brian Martin</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="18242344" type="text/json">{"id":18242344,"first_name":"Brian","last_name":"Martin","domain_name":"unmul","page_name":"brianmartin","display_name":"Brian Martin","profile_url":"https://unmul.academia.edu/brianmartin?f_ri=4266","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/18242344/5897886/27577006/s65_brian.martin.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37770284 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37770284"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37770284, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37770284", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_37770284 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37770284; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_37770284"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_37770284 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="37770284"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37770284; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37770284]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_37770284").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_37770284").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="37770284"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4266" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology">Wildlife Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4266" type="text/json">{"id":4266,"name":"Wildlife Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22413" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Conservation">Wildlife Conservation</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="22413" type="text/json">{"id":22413,"name":"Wildlife Conservation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Conservation?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=37770284]'), work: {"id":37770284,"title":"Diet Potential and Distribution of Crested Fireback (Lophura ignita ignita) in Wain River Protected Forest, Balikpapan","created_at":"2018-11-14T04:51:04.968-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/37770284/Diet_Potential_and_Distribution_of_Crested_Fireback_Lophura_ignita_ignita_in_Wain_River_Protected_Forest_Balikpapan?f_ri=4266","dom_id":"work_37770284","summary":"Forest is the most need for the wildlife that live in. Forest provide foods, shelter, and place to breed for animals. In the food chain producer is the important actor to fulfill the food need for the consumer (Herbivore), in orfer ot survie in ecosystem.The purpose of this research is to know the types of diet potential and distribution of Crested Fireback (Lophura ignita ignita) in Wain River Protected Forest area using Plot method and recording of presence by using camera traps. From the results of the vegetation analysis that have been done on the habitat of Lophura ignita ignita is successfully recorded 23 species of vegetation consisting of 13 families: Anonaceae,","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57766174,"asset_id":37770284,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":18242344,"first_name":"Brian","last_name":"Martin","domain_name":"unmul","page_name":"brianmartin","display_name":"Brian Martin","profile_url":"https://unmul.academia.edu/brianmartin?f_ri=4266","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/18242344/5897886/27577006/s65_brian.martin.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4266,"name":"Wildlife Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":22413,"name":"Wildlife Conservation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Conservation?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_8142243" data-work_id="8142243" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8142243/A_Survival_Estimate_of_Midwestern_Adult_Eastern_Box_Turtles_Using_Radiotelemetry">A Survival Estimate of Midwestern Adult Eastern Box Turtles Using Radiotelemetry</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Eastern box turtles (Terrapene carolina carolina) are widespread in U.S. eastern deciduous forests, yet many populations are experiencing dramatic declines. Herein, we present an assessment of annual survival for adult eastern box turtles... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_8142243" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Eastern box turtles (Terrapene carolina carolina) are widespread in U.S. eastern deciduous forests, yet many populations are experiencing dramatic declines. Herein, we present an assessment of annual survival for adult eastern box turtles that were radio-tracked over a period of 2 y. Using a known fates Kaplan-Meier estimator, the baseline annual survival estimate for adult eastern box turtles in Indiana’s south-central region is 96.2%. Annual survival rates varied slightly between the hibernal period (95.6%) and the active period (96.7%). These initial data provide wildlife managers with a baseline from which a recovery period can be calculated. In areas where road mortality and human interface are high, this estimate should be adjusted to ensure the time for recovery is adequate. Further research is recommended over generations and age-classes to better inform management of this protected species.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/8142243" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="cc082deae8fab5b6a1d850417c367353" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":34583175,"asset_id":8142243,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34583175/download_file?st=MTczOTgwNTkzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="15130930" href="https://us-army.academia.edu/AndreaCurrylow">Andrea Currylow</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="15130930" type="text/json">{"id":15130930,"first_name":"Andrea","last_name":"Currylow","domain_name":"us-army","page_name":"AndreaCurrylow","display_name":"Andrea Currylow","profile_url":"https://us-army.academia.edu/AndreaCurrylow?f_ri=4266","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/15130930/4286341/4984060/s65_andrea.currylow.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_8142243 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="8142243"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 8142243, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_8142243", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_8142243 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8142243; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_8142243"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_8142243 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="8142243"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8142243; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8142243]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_8142243").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_8142243").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="8142243"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4266" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology">Wildlife Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4266" type="text/json">{"id":4266,"name":"Wildlife Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10610" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Survival_Analysis">Survival Analysis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10610" type="text/json">{"id":10610,"name":"Survival Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Survival_Analysis?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22413" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Conservation">Wildlife Conservation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="22413" type="text/json">{"id":22413,"name":"Wildlife Conservation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Conservation?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="112169" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Turtles">Turtles</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="112169" type="text/json">{"id":112169,"name":"Turtles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Turtles?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=8142243]'), work: {"id":8142243,"title":"A Survival Estimate of Midwestern Adult Eastern Box Turtles Using Radiotelemetry","created_at":"2014-08-31T02:12:08.105-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/8142243/A_Survival_Estimate_of_Midwestern_Adult_Eastern_Box_Turtles_Using_Radiotelemetry?f_ri=4266","dom_id":"work_8142243","summary":"Eastern box turtles (Terrapene carolina carolina) are widespread in U.S. eastern deciduous forests, yet many populations are experiencing dramatic declines. Herein, we present an assessment of annual survival for adult eastern box turtles that were radio-tracked over a period of 2 y. Using a known fates Kaplan-Meier estimator, the baseline annual survival estimate for adult eastern box turtles in Indiana’s south-central region is 96.2%. Annual survival rates varied slightly between the hibernal period (95.6%) and the active period (96.7%). These initial data provide wildlife managers with a baseline from which a recovery period can be calculated. In areas where road mortality and human interface are high, this estimate should be adjusted to ensure the time for recovery is adequate. Further research is recommended over generations and age-classes to better inform management of this protected species.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":34583175,"asset_id":8142243,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":15130930,"first_name":"Andrea","last_name":"Currylow","domain_name":"us-army","page_name":"AndreaCurrylow","display_name":"Andrea Currylow","profile_url":"https://us-army.academia.edu/AndreaCurrylow?f_ri=4266","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/15130930/4286341/4984060/s65_andrea.currylow.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4266,"name":"Wildlife Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":10610,"name":"Survival Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Survival_Analysis?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":22413,"name":"Wildlife Conservation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Conservation?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":112169,"name":"Turtles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Turtles?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":262975,"name":"Freshwater Turtle Biology and Conservation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Freshwater_Turtle_Biology_and_Conservation?f_ri=4266"},{"id":366020,"name":"Wildlife Telemetry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Telemetry?f_ri=4266"},{"id":1217536,"name":"Box Turtle","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Box_Turtle?f_ri=4266"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_74018742" data-work_id="74018742" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/74018742/Confinement_for_Conservation_An_Ethical_Overview_of_Zoos">Confinement for Conservation: An Ethical Overview of Zoos</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This work describes the workings of modern zoos and considers the core ethical challenges which face those who choose to hold and display animals in zoos, aquariums or sanctuaries. Using a number of normative ethical frameworks this... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_74018742" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This work describes the workings of modern zoos and considers the core ethical challenges which face those who choose to hold and display animals in zoos, aquariums or sanctuaries. Using a number of normative ethical frameworks this thesis explores impacts of modern zoos. The impact of zoos include the costs to animals in terms of animal welfare, the loss of liberty and even impact on the value of animal life. On the positive side of the argument are the welfare and health outcomes for many of the animals held in zoos, increased attention and protection for their species in the wild and the enjoyment and education for the people who visit zoos. This paper concludes that zoos and aquariums are ethically defensible when they align conservation outcomes with the interests of individual animals and the interests of zoo operations. The impending extinction crisis requires large scale interventions which address human values and facilitate consideration of wildlife in decision making. Considering the long term relationship zoos have with animals, their extensive reach within communities and their reliance on animals to deliver positive experiences for people, it is appropriate that zoos pay back some of humanity's debt to wildlife by making a meaningful contribution to wildlife conservation.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/74018742" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4804721b3e768bf7f905191810d80bf1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":82323781,"asset_id":74018742,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/82323781/download_file?st=MTczOTgwNTkzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="218000243" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AbohJamesAjang">Aboh James Ajang</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="218000243" type="text/json">{"id":218000243,"first_name":"Aboh","last_name":"James Ajang","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AbohJamesAjang","display_name":"Aboh James Ajang","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AbohJamesAjang?f_ri=4266","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/218000243/76448264/64972690/s65_aboh.james_ajang.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_74018742 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="74018742"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 74018742, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_74018742", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_74018742 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 74018742; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_74018742"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_74018742 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="74018742"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 74018742; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=74018742]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_74018742").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_74018742").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="74018742"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2467" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation_Biology">Conservation Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2467" type="text/json">{"id":2467,"name":"Conservation Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2809" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation">Conservation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2809" type="text/json">{"id":2809,"name":"Conservation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4266" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology">Wildlife Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4266" type="text/json">{"id":4266,"name":"Wildlife Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5222" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation_Ecology">Conservation Ecology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="5222" type="text/json">{"id":5222,"name":"Conservation Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation_Ecology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=74018742]'), work: {"id":74018742,"title":"Confinement for Conservation: An Ethical Overview of Zoos","created_at":"2022-03-18T08:23:31.650-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/74018742/Confinement_for_Conservation_An_Ethical_Overview_of_Zoos?f_ri=4266","dom_id":"work_74018742","summary":"This work describes the workings of modern zoos and considers the core ethical challenges which face those who choose to hold and display animals in zoos, aquariums or sanctuaries. Using a number of normative ethical frameworks this thesis explores impacts of modern zoos. The impact of zoos include the costs to animals in terms of animal welfare, the loss of liberty and even impact on the value of animal life. On the positive side of the argument are the welfare and health outcomes for many of the animals held in zoos, increased attention and protection for their species in the wild and the enjoyment and education for the people who visit zoos. This paper concludes that zoos and aquariums are ethically defensible when they align conservation outcomes with the interests of individual animals and the interests of zoo operations. The impending extinction crisis requires large scale interventions which address human values and facilitate consideration of wildlife in decision making. Considering the long term relationship zoos have with animals, their extensive reach within communities and their reliance on animals to deliver positive experiences for people, it is appropriate that zoos pay back some of humanity's debt to wildlife by making a meaningful contribution to wildlife conservation.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":82323781,"asset_id":74018742,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":218000243,"first_name":"Aboh","last_name":"James Ajang","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AbohJamesAjang","display_name":"Aboh James Ajang","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AbohJamesAjang?f_ri=4266","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/218000243/76448264/64972690/s65_aboh.james_ajang.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2467,"name":"Conservation Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":2809,"name":"Conservation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":4266,"name":"Wildlife Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":5222,"name":"Conservation Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation_Ecology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":8511,"name":"Environment and natural resources conservation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environment_and_natural_resources_conservation?f_ri=4266"},{"id":11987,"name":"Art Conservation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Art_Conservation?f_ri=4266"},{"id":22413,"name":"Wildlife Conservation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Conservation?f_ri=4266"},{"id":25652,"name":"Objects Conservation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Objects_Conservation?f_ri=4266"},{"id":68009,"name":"Wildlife Ecology (habitat Selection and Animal Movement)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Ecology_habitat_Selection_and_Animal_Movement_?f_ri=4266"},{"id":113579,"name":"Wildlife","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife?f_ri=4266"},{"id":133572,"name":"Wildlife Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Management?f_ri=4266"},{"id":696200,"name":"Zoos and Aquariums","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoos_and_Aquariums?f_ri=4266"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_10982862" data-work_id="10982862" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/10982862/Ensayo_de_Perrito_de_la_Pradera_Cynomis_mexicanus">Ensayo de Perrito de la Pradera Cynomis mexicanus</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Los perritos de las praderas son animales de aspecto semejante a los hámsters o a las ardillas terrícolas, y se les llama así a causa de su voz, parecida a un ladrido.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/10982862" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f998c96936b8db3aa1c739cf21f000d6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":36723925,"asset_id":10982862,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36723925/download_file?st=MTczOTgwNTkzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="26598097" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SofiaArrambide">Sofia Arrambide</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="26598097" type="text/json">{"id":26598097,"first_name":"Sofia","last_name":"Arrambide","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SofiaArrambide","display_name":"Sofia Arrambide","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SofiaArrambide?f_ri=4266","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/26598097/7403629/8322327/s65_sofia.arrambide.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_10982862 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="10982862"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 10982862, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_10982862", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_10982862 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 10982862; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_10982862"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_10982862 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="10982862"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 10982862; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=10982862]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_10982862").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_10982862").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="10982862"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="657" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Veterinary_Medicine">Veterinary Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="657" type="text/json">{"id":657,"name":"Veterinary Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Veterinary_Medicine?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4266" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology">Wildlife Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4266" type="text/json">{"id":4266,"name":"Wildlife Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7710" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7710" type="text/json">{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9186" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Technology">Pharmaceutical Technology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="9186" type="text/json">{"id":9186,"name":"Pharmaceutical Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Technology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=10982862]'), work: {"id":10982862,"title":"Ensayo de Perrito de la Pradera Cynomis mexicanus","created_at":"2015-02-21T19:01:28.687-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/10982862/Ensayo_de_Perrito_de_la_Pradera_Cynomis_mexicanus?f_ri=4266","dom_id":"work_10982862","summary":"Los perritos de las praderas son animales de aspecto semejante a los hámsters o a las ardillas terrícolas, y se les llama así a causa de su voz, parecida a un ladrido.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":36723925,"asset_id":10982862,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":26598097,"first_name":"Sofia","last_name":"Arrambide","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SofiaArrambide","display_name":"Sofia Arrambide","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SofiaArrambide?f_ri=4266","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/26598097/7403629/8322327/s65_sofia.arrambide.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":657,"name":"Veterinary Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Veterinary_Medicine?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":4266,"name":"Wildlife Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":9186,"name":"Pharmaceutical Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Technology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":19406,"name":"Human-wildlife conflicts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human-wildlife_conflicts?f_ri=4266"},{"id":114511,"name":"Comportamento animal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comportamento_animal?f_ri=4266"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_25521321" data-work_id="25521321" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/25521321/FIRST_BREEDING_RECORD_OF_THE_LESSER_ADJUTANT_LEPTOPTILUS_JAVANICUS_HORSFIELD_1821_FROM_BOKARO_DISTRICT_JHARKHAND_INDIA">FIRST BREEDING RECORD OF THE LESSER ADJUTANT LEPTOPTILUS JAVANICUS (HORSFIELD, 1821) FROM BOKARO DISTRICT, JHARKHAND, INDIA</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">FIRST BREEDING RECORD OF THE LESSER ADJUTANT LEPTOPTILUS JAVANICUS<br />(HORSFIELD, 1821) FROM BOKARO DISTRICT, JHARKHAND, INDIA</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/25521321" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="588e4b38548f83e2790f0f8a4f97fe55" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45846415,"asset_id":25521321,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45846415/download_file?st=MTczOTgwNTkzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="11304529" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SatyaPrakash27">Satya Prakash</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="11304529" type="text/json">{"id":11304529,"first_name":"Satya","last_name":"Prakash","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SatyaPrakash27","display_name":"Satya Prakash","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SatyaPrakash27?f_ri=4266","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/11304529/4658802/5379915/s65_satya.prakash.jpg_oh_ebc04e95c77adf0c64db479dd81d41e2_oe_54c44141___gda___1421900588_36821513dd098cc746fa219542baa6b3"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_25521321 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="25521321"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 25521321, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_25521321", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_25521321 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 25521321; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_25521321"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_25521321 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="25521321"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 25521321; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=25521321]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_25521321").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_25521321").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="25521321"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4266" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology">Wildlife Biology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4266" type="text/json">{"id":4266,"name":"Wildlife Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=25521321]'), work: {"id":25521321,"title":"FIRST BREEDING RECORD OF THE LESSER ADJUTANT LEPTOPTILUS JAVANICUS (HORSFIELD, 1821) FROM BOKARO DISTRICT, JHARKHAND, INDIA","created_at":"2016-05-21T22:38:13.936-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/25521321/FIRST_BREEDING_RECORD_OF_THE_LESSER_ADJUTANT_LEPTOPTILUS_JAVANICUS_HORSFIELD_1821_FROM_BOKARO_DISTRICT_JHARKHAND_INDIA?f_ri=4266","dom_id":"work_25521321","summary":"FIRST BREEDING RECORD OF THE LESSER ADJUTANT LEPTOPTILUS JAVANICUS\n(HORSFIELD, 1821) FROM BOKARO DISTRICT, JHARKHAND, INDIA","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45846415,"asset_id":25521321,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":11304529,"first_name":"Satya","last_name":"Prakash","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SatyaPrakash27","display_name":"Satya Prakash","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SatyaPrakash27?f_ri=4266","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/11304529/4658802/5379915/s65_satya.prakash.jpg_oh_ebc04e95c77adf0c64db479dd81d41e2_oe_54c44141___gda___1421900588_36821513dd098cc746fa219542baa6b3"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4266,"name":"Wildlife Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_43938600" data-work_id="43938600" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/43938600/Manejo_y_conservaci%C3%B3n_del_jaguar_en_la_Reserva_de_la_Biosfera_Sierra_del_Abra_Tanchipa">Manejo y conservación del jaguar en la Reserva de la Biosfera Sierra del Abra Tanchipa</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">El jaguar es una especie clave en todos los ecosistemas del continente americano donde habita, no obstante, su rango de distribución se ha visto disminuido, incluso siendo extirpado de algunos países. Su conservación adquiere una mayor... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_43938600" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">El jaguar es una especie clave en todos los ecosistemas del continente americano donde habita, no obstante, su rango de distribución se ha visto disminuido, incluso siendo extirpado de algunos países. Su conservación adquiere una mayor relevancia cuando se pone en contexto con el panorama mundial, donde actualmente existe una pérdida de la biodiversidad a una velocidad insostenible. Es por esto que hoy más que nunca es ineludible nuestra responsabilidad para proteger y hacer uso razonable de los recursos naturales con los que aún contamos. La Reserva de la Biosfera Sierra del Abra Tanchipa es hogar de una población residente de jaguares, la cual subsiste en unos de los últimos relictos de vegetación Neotropical en el noreste de México. Esta reserva, al igual que muchas otras, enfrenta constantemente amenazas que ponen en vilo su delicado equilibrio ecológico, como fragmentación del hábitat, expansión de la frontera agropecuaria e incendios forestales. Este volumen es el resultado de la compilación de poco más de una década de esfuerzos de investigación, manejo y conservación en torno al tercer felino más grande del mundo y depredador ápice de las selvas de América.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/43938600" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8f9dddb23b851b08b1af320da06e0f9f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":64718916,"asset_id":43938600,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64718916/download_file?st=MTczOTgwNTkzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6797315" href="https://colpos.academia.edu/Adri%C3%A1nCaballero">Adrián Silva-Caballero</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6797315" type="text/json">{"id":6797315,"first_name":"Adrián","last_name":"Silva-Caballero","domain_name":"colpos","page_name":"AdriánCaballero","display_name":"Adrián Silva-Caballero","profile_url":"https://colpos.academia.edu/Adri%C3%A1nCaballero?f_ri=4266","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6797315/6039697/34511222/s65_adri_n.silva-caballero.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_43938600 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="43938600"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 43938600, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_43938600", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_43938600 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43938600; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_43938600"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_43938600 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="43938600"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43938600; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43938600]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_43938600").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_43938600").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="43938600"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4266" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology">Wildlife Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4266" type="text/json">{"id":4266,"name":"Wildlife Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7651" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Ecology_And_Management">Wildlife Ecology And Management</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7651" type="text/json">{"id":7651,"name":"Wildlife Ecology And Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Ecology_And_Management?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17890" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carnivore_Ecology">Carnivore Ecology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="17890" type="text/json">{"id":17890,"name":"Carnivore Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carnivore_Ecology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="19406" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human-wildlife_conflicts">Human-wildlife conflicts</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="19406" type="text/json">{"id":19406,"name":"Human-wildlife conflicts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human-wildlife_conflicts?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=43938600]'), work: {"id":43938600,"title":"Manejo y conservación del jaguar en la Reserva de la Biosfera Sierra del Abra Tanchipa","created_at":"2020-08-24T11:47:37.157-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/43938600/Manejo_y_conservaci%C3%B3n_del_jaguar_en_la_Reserva_de_la_Biosfera_Sierra_del_Abra_Tanchipa?f_ri=4266","dom_id":"work_43938600","summary":"El jaguar es una especie clave en todos los ecosistemas del continente americano donde habita, no obstante, su rango de distribución se ha visto disminuido, incluso siendo extirpado de algunos países. Su conservación adquiere una mayor relevancia cuando se pone en contexto con el panorama mundial, donde actualmente existe una pérdida de la biodiversidad a una velocidad insostenible. Es por esto que hoy más que nunca es ineludible nuestra responsabilidad para proteger y hacer uso razonable de los recursos naturales con los que aún contamos. La Reserva de la Biosfera Sierra del Abra Tanchipa es hogar de una población residente de jaguares, la cual subsiste en unos de los últimos relictos de vegetación Neotropical en el noreste de México. Esta reserva, al igual que muchas otras, enfrenta constantemente amenazas que ponen en vilo su delicado equilibrio ecológico, como fragmentación del hábitat, expansión de la frontera agropecuaria e incendios forestales. Este volumen es el resultado de la compilación de poco más de una década de esfuerzos de investigación, manejo y conservación en torno al tercer felino más grande del mundo y depredador ápice de las selvas de América.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":64718916,"asset_id":43938600,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":6797315,"first_name":"Adrián","last_name":"Silva-Caballero","domain_name":"colpos","page_name":"AdriánCaballero","display_name":"Adrián Silva-Caballero","profile_url":"https://colpos.academia.edu/Adri%C3%A1nCaballero?f_ri=4266","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6797315/6039697/34511222/s65_adri_n.silva-caballero.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4266,"name":"Wildlife Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":7651,"name":"Wildlife Ecology And Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Ecology_And_Management?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":17890,"name":"Carnivore Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carnivore_Ecology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":19406,"name":"Human-wildlife conflicts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human-wildlife_conflicts?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":22413,"name":"Wildlife Conservation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Conservation?f_ri=4266"},{"id":29705,"name":"Felidae","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Felidae?f_ri=4266"},{"id":77366,"name":"Carnivores","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carnivores?f_ri=4266"},{"id":133572,"name":"Wildlife Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Management?f_ri=4266"},{"id":260408,"name":"Jaguar","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jaguar?f_ri=4266"},{"id":265412,"name":"Jaguar Ecology and Conservation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jaguar_Ecology_and_Conservation?f_ri=4266"},{"id":450563,"name":"Panthera Onca","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Panthera_Onca?f_ri=4266"},{"id":991668,"name":"Big Cats","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Big_Cats?f_ri=4266"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_50370839" data-work_id="50370839" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/50370839/A_case_study_of_hand_rearing_and_successful_rehabilitation_of_purple_sunbird_Cinnyris_asiaticus">A case study of hand-rearing and successful rehabilitation of purple sunbird Cinnyris asiaticus</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Purple sunbird Cinnyris asiaticus is an active species frequenting urban garden for drinking nectar from various flowers. The species is also commonly documented to be nesting in backyard gardens where the nest is often vulnerable to... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_50370839" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Purple sunbird Cinnyris asiaticus is an active species frequenting urban garden for drinking nectar from various flowers. The species is also commonly documented to be nesting in backyard gardens where the nest is often vulnerable to attack by feral cats. Nestlings as well as fledglings are rescued by members of public and taken to wildlife rehabilitation centers. Local rescue centres are often not equipped to provide optimum care for such small and delicate baby birds. This is especially true when staff and volunteers are not trained in proper protocols and guidelines. Lack of published literature on caring for many local, native species makes the task even more difficult. In this case study, we present methods of housing, care, diet plan, behavioral conditioning, and release techniques that were used to successfully rehabilitate an orphan purple sunbird. These methods can be used as guidelines for other biologically and behaviorally similar nectarine species in India.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/50370839" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="40d03d1223e0695f55d67a5b188f0a59" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":68386015,"asset_id":50370839,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/68386015/download_file?st=MTczOTgwNTkzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="122216210" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SohamMukherjee39">Soham Mukherjee</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="122216210" type="text/json">{"id":122216210,"first_name":"Soham","last_name":"Mukherjee","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SohamMukherjee39","display_name":"Soham Mukherjee","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SohamMukherjee39?f_ri=4266","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/122216210/45095374/46355342/s65_soham.mukherjee.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_50370839 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="50370839"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 50370839, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_50370839", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_50370839 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 50370839; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_50370839"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_50370839 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="50370839"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 50370839; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=50370839]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_50370839").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_50370839").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="50370839"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1091" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ornithology">Ornithology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1091" type="text/json">{"id":1091,"name":"Ornithology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ornithology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4266" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology">Wildlife Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4266" type="text/json">{"id":4266,"name":"Wildlife Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="78002" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Rehabilitation">Wildlife Rehabilitation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="78002" type="text/json">{"id":78002,"name":"Wildlife Rehabilitation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Rehabilitation?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="96324" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Birds">Birds</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="96324" type="text/json">{"id":96324,"name":"Birds","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Birds?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=50370839]'), work: {"id":50370839,"title":"A case study of hand-rearing and successful rehabilitation of purple sunbird Cinnyris asiaticus","created_at":"2021-07-30T00:21:59.023-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/50370839/A_case_study_of_hand_rearing_and_successful_rehabilitation_of_purple_sunbird_Cinnyris_asiaticus?f_ri=4266","dom_id":"work_50370839","summary":"Purple sunbird Cinnyris asiaticus is an active species frequenting urban garden for drinking nectar from various flowers. The species is also commonly documented to be nesting in backyard gardens where the nest is often vulnerable to attack by feral cats. Nestlings as well as fledglings are rescued by members of public and taken to wildlife rehabilitation centers. Local rescue centres are often not equipped to provide optimum care for such small and delicate baby birds. This is especially true when staff and volunteers are not trained in proper protocols and guidelines. Lack of published literature on caring for many local, native species makes the task even more difficult. In this case study, we present methods of housing, care, diet plan, behavioral conditioning, and release techniques that were used to successfully rehabilitate an orphan purple sunbird. These methods can be used as guidelines for other biologically and behaviorally similar nectarine species in India.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":68386015,"asset_id":50370839,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":122216210,"first_name":"Soham","last_name":"Mukherjee","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SohamMukherjee39","display_name":"Soham Mukherjee","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SohamMukherjee39?f_ri=4266","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/122216210/45095374/46355342/s65_soham.mukherjee.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1091,"name":"Ornithology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ornithology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":4266,"name":"Wildlife Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":78002,"name":"Wildlife Rehabilitation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Rehabilitation?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":96324,"name":"Birds","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Birds?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":133572,"name":"Wildlife Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Management?f_ri=4266"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_44967484" data-work_id="44967484" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44967484/Koridor_Gajah_DAS_Peusangan_dan_Jabo_Aye_melalui_Kelayakan_dan_Optimalisasi_Habitat_Gajah_Provinsi_Aceh">Koridor Gajah DAS Peusangan dan Jabo Aye melalui Kelayakan dan Optimalisasi Habitat Gajah, Provinsi Aceh</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Gajah Sumatera (diwakili gajah jantan yang terpasang GPS Collar) di DAS Peusangan memiliki karakter pola sebaran yang agregat dan hal ini memiliki kesamaan tipe sebaran dan luas jangkauan jelajah dengan Gajah Sumatera lainnya di Riau dan... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_44967484" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Gajah Sumatera (diwakili gajah jantan yang terpasang GPS Collar) di DAS Peusangan memiliki karakter pola sebaran yang agregat dan hal ini memiliki kesamaan tipe sebaran dan luas jangkauan jelajah dengan Gajah Sumatera lainnya di Riau dan Lampung (Sitompul 2011; Sukmantoro et. al. 2013). Populasi gajah ini mengikuti riparian sungai dan menggunakan riparian sungai dan kebun campur secara lebih intensif dibandingkan sumber daya lainnya.<br /><br />Secara status, populasi gajah di DAS Peusangan adalah dalam kondisi yang optimal, diperkirakan telah mengembangkan partisi relung dengan masyarakat khususnya dalam penggunaan sumber daya yang spesifik tetapi secara faktual, masih spesifik dalam memilih sumber daya. Untuk itu, sumber daya – sumber daya yang tidak spesifik dipilih misalnya hutan, lahan terbuka dan semak, perlu diintervensi habitatnya untuk peningkatan dayadukung dari kebutuhan gajah. Dari pola dan keberhasilan intervensi habitat ini diharapkan gajah akan lebih intensif pula menggunakan sumber daya sumber daya lain.<br /><br />Dalam konteks koridor atau stepping stone bagi Gajah Sumatera, lokasi – lokasi yang diidentifikasi adalah di dalam Kernel 10 - >50% sebagai zona inti dimana kawasan ini membentuk stepping stone menuju ke arah koridor DAS Peusangan – Jambo Aye dan wilayah optimal tertinggi di bagian barat MCP. Koridor DAS Peusangan – Jambo Aye<br />memiliki ruang optimal tetapi tidak layak untuk pergerakan gajah karena resiko konflik tinggi dan banyak barrier geografi yang mempersulit akses. Pergerakan gajah jantan saja yang melintasi koridor ini tanpa perlu pergerakan kolompok betina ke lokasi ini sebanrnya sudah membantu dalam meningkatkan performa ketahanan populasi gajah dalam jangka panjang. Dalam konteks zonasi, zonasi dibagi menjadi dua bagian yaitu zona inti dan zona penyangga.<br /><br />Katagori atau kriteria dan lingkup pengelolaan telah diidentifikasi untyuk tujuan penurunan konflik gajah – manusia dan peningkatan populasi dan habitat Gajah Sumatera di masa datang. Zona tidak perlu dibangun dalam kerangka membangun kawasan konservasi baru, tetapi rekomendasi sebagai kawasan ekosistem esensial atau pengelolaan bersama Gajah Sumatera dengan stakeholder terkait sebenarnya telah menjadikan strategi pengelolaan Gajah Sumatera di wilayah ini memiliki peluang kemajuan yang berarti.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/44967484" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="813c7efc7881bdf6b4b3360462c8401b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":65501869,"asset_id":44967484,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65501869/download_file?st=MTczOTgwNTkzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3434752" href="https://bogoragriculturaluniversity.academia.edu/WSukmantoro">Wishnu Sukmantoro</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3434752" type="text/json">{"id":3434752,"first_name":"Wishnu","last_name":"Sukmantoro","domain_name":"bogoragriculturaluniversity","page_name":"WSukmantoro","display_name":"Wishnu Sukmantoro","profile_url":"https://bogoragriculturaluniversity.academia.edu/WSukmantoro?f_ri=4266","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3434752/1168204/25144999/s65_wishnu.sukmantoro.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_44967484 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="44967484"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44967484, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_44967484", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_44967484 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44967484; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_44967484"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_44967484 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="44967484"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44967484; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44967484]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_44967484").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_44967484").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="44967484"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4266" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology">Wildlife Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4266" type="text/json">{"id":4266,"name":"Wildlife Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7651" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Ecology_And_Management">Wildlife Ecology And Management</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7651" type="text/json">{"id":7651,"name":"Wildlife Ecology And Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Ecology_And_Management?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="19406" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human-wildlife_conflicts">Human-wildlife conflicts</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="19406" type="text/json">{"id":19406,"name":"Human-wildlife conflicts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human-wildlife_conflicts?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="52118" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human-elephant_conflict">Human-elephant conflict</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="52118" type="text/json">{"id":52118,"name":"Human-elephant conflict","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human-elephant_conflict?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=44967484]'), work: {"id":44967484,"title":"Koridor Gajah DAS Peusangan dan Jabo Aye melalui Kelayakan dan Optimalisasi Habitat Gajah, Provinsi Aceh","created_at":"2021-01-24T10:26:35.854-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/44967484/Koridor_Gajah_DAS_Peusangan_dan_Jabo_Aye_melalui_Kelayakan_dan_Optimalisasi_Habitat_Gajah_Provinsi_Aceh?f_ri=4266","dom_id":"work_44967484","summary":"Gajah Sumatera (diwakili gajah jantan yang terpasang GPS Collar) di DAS Peusangan memiliki karakter pola sebaran yang agregat dan hal ini memiliki kesamaan tipe sebaran dan luas jangkauan jelajah dengan Gajah Sumatera lainnya di Riau dan Lampung (Sitompul 2011; Sukmantoro et. al. 2013). Populasi gajah ini mengikuti riparian sungai dan menggunakan riparian sungai dan kebun campur secara lebih intensif dibandingkan sumber daya lainnya.\n\nSecara status, populasi gajah di DAS Peusangan adalah dalam kondisi yang optimal, diperkirakan telah mengembangkan partisi relung dengan masyarakat khususnya dalam penggunaan sumber daya yang spesifik tetapi secara faktual, masih spesifik dalam memilih sumber daya. Untuk itu, sumber daya – sumber daya yang tidak spesifik dipilih misalnya hutan, lahan terbuka dan semak, perlu diintervensi habitatnya untuk peningkatan dayadukung dari kebutuhan gajah. Dari pola dan keberhasilan intervensi habitat ini diharapkan gajah akan lebih intensif pula menggunakan sumber daya sumber daya lain.\n\nDalam konteks koridor atau stepping stone bagi Gajah Sumatera, lokasi – lokasi yang diidentifikasi adalah di dalam Kernel 10 - \u003e50% sebagai zona inti dimana kawasan ini membentuk stepping stone menuju ke arah koridor DAS Peusangan – Jambo Aye dan wilayah optimal tertinggi di bagian barat MCP. Koridor DAS Peusangan – Jambo Aye\nmemiliki ruang optimal tetapi tidak layak untuk pergerakan gajah karena resiko konflik tinggi dan banyak barrier geografi yang mempersulit akses. Pergerakan gajah jantan saja yang melintasi koridor ini tanpa perlu pergerakan kolompok betina ke lokasi ini sebanrnya sudah membantu dalam meningkatkan performa ketahanan populasi gajah dalam jangka panjang. Dalam konteks zonasi, zonasi dibagi menjadi dua bagian yaitu zona inti dan zona penyangga.\n\nKatagori atau kriteria dan lingkup pengelolaan telah diidentifikasi untyuk tujuan penurunan konflik gajah – manusia dan peningkatan populasi dan habitat Gajah Sumatera di masa datang. Zona tidak perlu dibangun dalam kerangka membangun kawasan konservasi baru, tetapi rekomendasi sebagai kawasan ekosistem esensial atau pengelolaan bersama Gajah Sumatera dengan stakeholder terkait sebenarnya telah menjadikan strategi pengelolaan Gajah Sumatera di wilayah ini memiliki peluang kemajuan yang berarti.\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":65501869,"asset_id":44967484,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3434752,"first_name":"Wishnu","last_name":"Sukmantoro","domain_name":"bogoragriculturaluniversity","page_name":"WSukmantoro","display_name":"Wishnu Sukmantoro","profile_url":"https://bogoragriculturaluniversity.academia.edu/WSukmantoro?f_ri=4266","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3434752/1168204/25144999/s65_wishnu.sukmantoro.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4266,"name":"Wildlife Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":7651,"name":"Wildlife Ecology And Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Ecology_And_Management?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":19406,"name":"Human-wildlife conflicts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human-wildlife_conflicts?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":52118,"name":"Human-elephant conflict","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human-elephant_conflict?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":64577,"name":"Elephants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Elephants?f_ri=4266"},{"id":133572,"name":"Wildlife Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Management?f_ri=4266"},{"id":577232,"name":"Understanding Human Elephant Interaction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Understanding_Human_Elephant_Interaction?f_ri=4266"},{"id":704353,"name":"Asian Elephant Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Asian_Elephant_Ecology?f_ri=4266"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_74822200" data-work_id="74822200" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/74822200/Movements_of_female_Sage_Grouse_Centrocercus_urophasianus_during_incubation_recess">Movements of female Sage Grouse Centrocercus urophasianus during incubation recess</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">We combined GPS data-loggers, VHF transmitters and DVR video-monitoring to measure fine-scale movement patterns during daily incubation recesses by female Sage Grouse Centrocercus urophasianus, a species with uniparental incubation that... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_74822200" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">We combined GPS data-loggers, VHF transmitters and DVR video-monitoring to measure fine-scale movement patterns during daily incubation recesses by female Sage Grouse Centrocercus urophasianus, a species with uniparental incubation that has experienced widespread population decline and distributional contraction. Most (69.6%) Sage Grouse recess activity was highly localized within a core recess area averaging 2.58 AE 0.64 ha, and females remained within 242.3 AE 30.0 m from the nest during recesses (total recess areas were 11.06 AE 2.27 ha). Visually conspicuous Sage Grouse movements near nests at the start and end of recesses and consistent occupation of core recess areas point to a mechanism for newly abundant predators such as the Northern Raven Corvus corax to detect and depredate Sage Grouse nests. Our methods apply to other avian species of scientific interest and conservation concern.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/74822200" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="caba84ca47adaeea03ab49c2994cb46a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":82835628,"asset_id":74822200,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/82835628/download_file?st=MTczOTgwNTkzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="53845022" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DDelehanty">D. Delehanty</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="53845022" type="text/json">{"id":53845022,"first_name":"D.","last_name":"Delehanty","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DDelehanty","display_name":"D. Delehanty","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DDelehanty?f_ri=4266","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_74822200 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="74822200"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 74822200, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_74822200", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_74822200 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 74822200; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_74822200"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_74822200 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="74822200"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 74822200; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=74822200]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_74822200").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_74822200").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="74822200"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">19</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="37" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Systems">Information Systems</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="37" type="text/json">{"id":37,"name":"Information Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Systems?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2467" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation_Biology">Conservation Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2467" type="text/json">{"id":2467,"name":"Conservation Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4266" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology">Wildlife Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4266" type="text/json">{"id":4266,"name":"Wildlife Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7651" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Ecology_And_Management">Wildlife Ecology And Management</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7651" type="text/json">{"id":7651,"name":"Wildlife Ecology And Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Ecology_And_Management?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=74822200]'), work: {"id":74822200,"title":"Movements of female Sage Grouse Centrocercus urophasianus during incubation recess","created_at":"2022-03-28T13:21:39.261-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/74822200/Movements_of_female_Sage_Grouse_Centrocercus_urophasianus_during_incubation_recess?f_ri=4266","dom_id":"work_74822200","summary":"We combined GPS data-loggers, VHF transmitters and DVR video-monitoring to measure fine-scale movement patterns during daily incubation recesses by female Sage Grouse Centrocercus urophasianus, a species with uniparental incubation that has experienced widespread population decline and distributional contraction. Most (69.6%) Sage Grouse recess activity was highly localized within a core recess area averaging 2.58 AE 0.64 ha, and females remained within 242.3 AE 30.0 m from the nest during recesses (total recess areas were 11.06 AE 2.27 ha). Visually conspicuous Sage Grouse movements near nests at the start and end of recesses and consistent occupation of core recess areas point to a mechanism for newly abundant predators such as the Northern Raven Corvus corax to detect and depredate Sage Grouse nests. Our methods apply to other avian species of scientific interest and conservation concern.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":82835628,"asset_id":74822200,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":53845022,"first_name":"D.","last_name":"Delehanty","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DDelehanty","display_name":"D. Delehanty","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DDelehanty?f_ri=4266","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":37,"name":"Information Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Systems?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":2467,"name":"Conservation Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":4266,"name":"Wildlife Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":7651,"name":"Wildlife Ecology And Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Ecology_And_Management?f_ri=4266","nofollow":true},{"id":9846,"name":"Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology?f_ri=4266"},{"id":19322,"name":"Ibis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ibis?f_ri=4266"},{"id":70202,"name":"Incubation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Incubation?f_ri=4266"},{"id":90997,"name":"Grouse","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Grouse?f_ri=4266"},{"id":147838,"name":"Habitat Use","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Habitat_Use?f_ri=4266"},{"id":225122,"name":"Home range ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Home_range_ecology?f_ri=4266"},{"id":297431,"name":"Galliformes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Galliformes?f_ri=4266"},{"id":304168,"name":"Home Range","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Home_Range?f_ri=4266"},{"id":355580,"name":"Upland ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Upland_ecology?f_ri=4266"},{"id":387120,"name":"Sage Grouse","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sage_Grouse?f_ri=4266"},{"id":444138,"name":"Great Basin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Great_Basin?f_ri=4266"},{"id":456302,"name":"Nesting Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nesting_Biology?f_ri=4266"},{"id":521706,"name":"Home Range Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Home_Range_Analysis?f_ri=4266"},{"id":589678,"name":"Nesting Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nesting_Behavior?f_ri=4266"},{"id":686127,"name":"Nesting Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nesting_Ecology?f_ri=4266"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="u-taCenter Pagination"><ul class="pagination"><li class="next_page"><a href="/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology?after=50%2C74822200" rel="next">Next</a></li><li class="last next"><a href="/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology?page=last">Last »</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="hidden-xs hidden-sm"><div class="u-pl6x"><div style="width: 300px;"><div class="panel panel-flat u-mt7x"><div class="panel-heading u-p5x"><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-taCenter u-fw700 u-textUppercase">Related Topics</div></div><ul class="list-group"><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Conservation">Wildlife Conservation</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="22413">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="22413">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Ecology_And_Management">Wildlife Ecology And Management</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="7651">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="7651">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology">Zoology</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="173">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="173">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation_Biology">Conservation Biology</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="2467">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="2467">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology">Ecology</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="9846">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="9846">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ornithology">Ornithology</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="1091">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="1091">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Ecology">Animal Ecology</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="14483">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="14483">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human-wildlife_conflicts">Human-wildlife conflicts</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="19406">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="19406">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mammalogy">Mammalogy</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="11186">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="11186">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biodiversity">Biodiversity</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="17825">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="17825">Following</a></div></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div></div><script>// MIT License // Copyright © 2011 Sebastian Tschan, https://blueimp.net // Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of // this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in // the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to // use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of // the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, // subject to the following conditions: // The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all // copies or substantial portions of the Software. // THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR // IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS // FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR // COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER // IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN // CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE. !function(n){"use strict";function d(n,t){var r=(65535&n)+(65535&t);return(n>>16)+(t>>16)+(r>>16)<<16|65535&r}function f(n,t,r,e,o,u){return d((c=d(d(t,n),d(e,u)))<<(f=o)|c>>>32-f,r);var c,f}function l(n,t,r,e,o,u,c){return f(t&r|~t&e,n,t,o,u,c)}function v(n,t,r,e,o,u,c){return f(t&e|r&~e,n,t,o,u,c)}function g(n,t,r,e,o,u,c){return f(t^r^e,n,t,o,u,c)}function m(n,t,r,e,o,u,c){return f(r^(t|~e),n,t,o,u,c)}function i(n,t){var r,e,o,u;n[t>>5]|=128<<t%32,n[14+(t+64>>>9<<4)]=t;for(var c=1732584193,f=-271733879,i=-1732584194,a=271733878,h=0;h<n.length;h+=16)c=l(r=c,e=f,o=i,u=a,n[h],7,-680876936),a=l(a,c,f,i,n[h+1],12,-389564586),i=l(i,a,c,f,n[h+2],17,606105819),f=l(f,i,a,c,n[h+3],22,-1044525330),c=l(c,f,i,a,n[h+4],7,-176418897),a=l(a,c,f,i,n[h+5],12,1200080426),i=l(i,a,c,f,n[h+6],17,-1473231341),f=l(f,i,a,c,n[h+7],22,-45705983),c=l(c,f,i,a,n[h+8],7,1770035416),a=l(a,c,f,i,n[h+9],12,-1958414417),i=l(i,a,c,f,n[h+10],17,-42063),f=l(f,i,a,c,n[h+11],22,-1990404162),c=l(c,f,i,a,n[h+12],7,1804603682),a=l(a,c,f,i,n[h+13],12,-40341101),i=l(i,a,c,f,n[h+14],17,-1502002290),c=v(c,f=l(f,i,a,c,n[h+15],22,1236535329),i,a,n[h+1],5,-165796510),a=v(a,c,f,i,n[h+6],9,-1069501632),i=v(i,a,c,f,n[h+11],14,643717713),f=v(f,i,a,c,n[h],20,-373897302),c=v(c,f,i,a,n[h+5],5,-701558691),a=v(a,c,f,i,n[h+10],9,38016083),i=v(i,a,c,f,n[h+15],14,-660478335),f=v(f,i,a,c,n[h+4],20,-405537848),c=v(c,f,i,a,n[h+9],5,568446438),a=v(a,c,f,i,n[h+14],9,-1019803690),i=v(i,a,c,f,n[h+3],14,-187363961),f=v(f,i,a,c,n[h+8],20,1163531501),c=v(c,f,i,a,n[h+13],5,-1444681467),a=v(a,c,f,i,n[h+2],9,-51403784),i=v(i,a,c,f,n[h+7],14,1735328473),c=g(c,f=v(f,i,a,c,n[h+12],20,-1926607734),i,a,n[h+5],4,-378558),a=g(a,c,f,i,n[h+8],11,-2022574463),i=g(i,a,c,f,n[h+11],16,1839030562),f=g(f,i,a,c,n[h+14],23,-35309556),c=g(c,f,i,a,n[h+1],4,-1530992060),a=g(a,c,f,i,n[h+4],11,1272893353),i=g(i,a,c,f,n[h+7],16,-155497632),f=g(f,i,a,c,n[h+10],23,-1094730640),c=g(c,f,i,a,n[h+13],4,681279174),a=g(a,c,f,i,n[h],11,-358537222),i=g(i,a,c,f,n[h+3],16,-722521979),f=g(f,i,a,c,n[h+6],23,76029189),c=g(c,f,i,a,n[h+9],4,-640364487),a=g(a,c,f,i,n[h+12],11,-421815835),i=g(i,a,c,f,n[h+15],16,530742520),c=m(c,f=g(f,i,a,c,n[h+2],23,-995338651),i,a,n[h],6,-198630844),a=m(a,c,f,i,n[h+7],10,1126891415),i=m(i,a,c,f,n[h+14],15,-1416354905),f=m(f,i,a,c,n[h+5],21,-57434055),c=m(c,f,i,a,n[h+12],6,1700485571),a=m(a,c,f,i,n[h+3],10,-1894986606),i=m(i,a,c,f,n[h+10],15,-1051523),f=m(f,i,a,c,n[h+1],21,-2054922799),c=m(c,f,i,a,n[h+8],6,1873313359),a=m(a,c,f,i,n[h+15],10,-30611744),i=m(i,a,c,f,n[h+6],15,-1560198380),f=m(f,i,a,c,n[h+13],21,1309151649),c=m(c,f,i,a,n[h+4],6,-145523070),a=m(a,c,f,i,n[h+11],10,-1120210379),i=m(i,a,c,f,n[h+2],15,718787259),f=m(f,i,a,c,n[h+9],21,-343485551),c=d(c,r),f=d(f,e),i=d(i,o),a=d(a,u);return[c,f,i,a]}function a(n){for(var t="",r=32*n.length,e=0;e<r;e+=8)t+=String.fromCharCode(n[e>>5]>>>e%32&255);return t}function h(n){var t=[];for(t[(n.length>>2)-1]=void 0,e=0;e<t.length;e+=1)t[e]=0;for(var r=8*n.length,e=0;e<r;e+=8)t[e>>5]|=(255&n.charCodeAt(e/8))<<e%32;return t}function e(n){for(var t,r="0123456789abcdef",e="",o=0;o<n.length;o+=1)t=n.charCodeAt(o),e+=r.charAt(t>>>4&15)+r.charAt(15&t);return e}function r(n){return unescape(encodeURIComponent(n))}function o(n){return a(i(h(t=r(n)),8*t.length));var t}function u(n,t){return function(n,t){var r,e,o=h(n),u=[],c=[];for(u[15]=c[15]=void 0,16<o.length&&(o=i(o,8*n.length)),r=0;r<16;r+=1)u[r]=909522486^o[r],c[r]=1549556828^o[r];return e=i(u.concat(h(t)),512+8*t.length),a(i(c.concat(e),640))}(r(n),r(t))}function t(n,t,r){return t?r?u(t,n):e(u(t,n)):r?o(n):e(o(n))}"function"==typeof define&&define.amd?define(function(){return t}):"object"==typeof module&&module.exports?module.exports=t:n.md5=t}(this);</script><script>window.AbTest = (function() { return { 'ab_test': (uniqueId, test_name, buckets) => { let override = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search).get(`ab_test[${test_name}]`); if ( override ) { return override; } const bucketNames = buckets.map((bucket) => { return typeof bucket === 'string' ? bucket : Object.keys(bucket)[0]; }); const weights = buckets.map((bucket) => { return typeof bucket === 'string' ? 1 : Object.values(bucket)[0]; }); const total = weights.reduce((sum, weight) => sum + weight); const hash = md5(`${uniqueId}${test_name}`); const hashNum = parseInt(hash.slice(-12), 16); let bucketPoint = total * (hashNum % 100000) / 100000; const bucket = bucketNames.find((_, i) => { if (weights[i] > bucketPoint) { return true; } bucketPoint -= weights[i]; return false; }); return bucket; } }; })();</script><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><script>function onGoogleOneTapEvent(event) { var momentType = event.getMomentType(); var momentReason = null; if (event.isNotDisplayed()) { momentReason = event.getNotDisplayedReason(); } else if (event.isSkippedMoment()) { momentReason = event.getSkippedReason(); } else if (event.isDismissedMoment()) { momentReason = event.getDismissedReason(); } Aedu.arbitraryEvents.write('GoogleOneTapEvent', { moment_type: momentType, moment_reason: momentReason, }); }</script><script>(function() { var auvid = unescape( document.cookie .split(/; ?/) .find((s) => s.startsWith('auvid')) .substring(6)); var bucket = AbTest.ab_test(auvid, 'lo_ri_one_tap_google_sign_on', ['control', 'one_tap_google_sign_on']); if (bucket === 'control') return; var oneTapTag = document.createElement('script') oneTapTag.async = true oneTapTag.defer = true oneTapTag.src = 'https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client' document.body.appendChild(oneTapTag) })();</script></div></div></div> </div> <div class="bootstrap login"><div class="modal fade login-modal" id="login-modal"><div class="login-modal-dialog modal-dialog"><div class="modal-content"><div class="modal-header"><button class="close close" data-dismiss="modal" type="button"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span><span class="sr-only">Close</span></button><h4 class="modal-title text-center"><strong>Log In</strong></h4></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><button class="btn btn-fb btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-facebook-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 19px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="facebook-square" class="svg-inline--fa fa-facebook-square fa-w-14" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M400 32H48A48 48 0 0 0 0 80v352a48 48 0 0 0 48 48h137.25V327.69h-63V256h63v-54.64c0-62.15 37-96.48 93.67-96.48 27.14 0 55.52 4.84 55.52 4.84v61h-31.27c-30.81 0-40.42 19.12-40.42 38.73V256h68.78l-11 71.69h-57.78V480H400a48 48 0 0 0 48-48V80a48 48 0 0 0-48-48z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Facebook</strong></small></button><br /><button class="btn btn-google btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-google-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 22px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="google-plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-google-plus fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256,8C119.1,8,8,119.1,8,256S119.1,504,256,504,504,392.9,504,256,392.9,8,256,8ZM185.3,380a124,124,0,0,1,0-248c31.3,0,60.1,11,83,32.3l-33.6,32.6c-13.2-12.9-31.3-19.1-49.4-19.1-42.9,0-77.2,35.5-77.2,78.1S142.3,334,185.3,334c32.6,0,64.9-19.1,70.1-53.3H185.3V238.1H302.2a109.2,109.2,0,0,1,1.9,20.7c0,70.8-47.5,121.2-118.8,121.2ZM415.5,273.8v35.5H380V273.8H344.5V238.3H380V202.8h35.5v35.5h35.2v35.5Z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Google</strong></small></button><br /><style type="text/css">.sign-in-with-apple-button { width: 100%; height: 52px; border-radius: 3px; border: 1px solid black; cursor: pointer; } .sign-in-with-apple-button > div { margin: 0 auto; / This centers the Apple-rendered button horizontally }</style><script src="https://appleid.cdn-apple.com/appleauth/static/jsapi/appleid/1/en_US/appleid.auth.js" type="text/javascript"></script><div class="sign-in-with-apple-button" data-border="false" data-color="white" id="appleid-signin"><span   ="Sign Up with Apple" class="u-fs11"></span></div><script>AppleID.auth.init({ clientId: 'edu.academia.applesignon', scope: 'name email', redirectURI: 'https://www.academia.edu/sessions', state: "200ec4b0a0f6bb11b2227c5aac4a90911a9168b2616f2430ed92342db645c633", });</script><script>// Hacky way of checking if on fast loswp if (window.loswp == null) { (function() { const Google = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Google; const Facebook = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Facebook; if (Google) { new Google({ el: '#login-google-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } if (Facebook) { new Facebook({ el: '#login-facebook-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } })(); }</script></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><div class="hr-heading login-hr-heading"><span class="hr-heading-text">or</span></div></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><form class="js-login-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/sessions" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="JzTPrUcX256AdY54rEUYhAiQIn9CFb8nNBkkH3nUKQh4KIK9xx0VfNnpJ_ToZ7opwJjepsbCQAWcoz8VUtjv_w" autocomplete="off" /><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-email-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Email</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-email-input" name="login" type="email" /></div><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-password-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Password</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-password-input" name="password" type="password" /></div><input type="hidden" name="post_login_redirect_url" id="post_login_redirect_url" value="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology" autocomplete="off" /><div class="checkbox"><label><input type="checkbox" name="remember_me" id="remember_me" value="1" checked="checked" /><small style="font-size: 12px; margin-top: 2px; display: inline-block;">Remember me on this computer</small></label></div><br><input type="submit" name="commit" value="Log In" class="btn btn-primary btn-block btn-lg js-login-submit" data-disable-with="Log In" /></br></form><script>typeof window?.Aedu?.recaptchaManagedForm === 'function' && window.Aedu.recaptchaManagedForm( document.querySelector('.js-login-form'), document.querySelector('.js-login-submit') );</script><small style="font-size: 12px;"><br />or <a data-target="#login-modal-reset-password-container" data-toggle="collapse" href="javascript:void(0)">reset password</a></small><div class="collapse" id="login-modal-reset-password-container"><br /><div class="well margin-0x"><form class="js-password-reset-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/reset_password" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="oM4jOEbpG6h_wE5BcPt9xDgYkU2e2DrSIZCHeDkSuiv_0m4oxuPVSiZc58002d9p8BBtlBoPxfCJKpxyEh583A" autocomplete="off" /><p>Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link.</p><div class="form-group"><input class="form-control" name="email" type="email" /></div><script src="https://recaptcha.net/recaptcha/api.js" async defer></script> <script> var invisibleRecaptchaSubmit = function () { var closestForm = function (ele) { var curEle = ele.parentNode; while (curEle.nodeName !== 'FORM' && curEle.nodeName !== 'BODY'){ curEle = curEle.parentNode; } return curEle.nodeName === 'FORM' ? curEle : null }; var eles = document.getElementsByClassName('g-recaptcha'); if (eles.length > 0) { var form = closestForm(eles[0]); if (form) { form.submit(); } } }; </script> <input type="submit" data-sitekey="6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj" data-callback="invisibleRecaptchaSubmit" class="g-recaptcha btn btn-primary btn-block" value="Email me a link" value=""/> </form></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/collapse-45805421cf446ca5adf7aaa1935b08a3a8d1d9a6cc5d91a62a2a3a00b20b3e6a.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb $("#login-modal-reset-password-container").on("shown.bs.collapse", function() { $(this).find("input[type=email]").focus(); }); }); </script> </div></div></div><div class="modal-footer"><div class="text-center"><small style="font-size: 12px;">Need an account? <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Click here to sign up</a></small></div></div></div></div></div></div><script>// If we are on subdomain or non-bootstrapped page, redirect to login page instead of showing modal (function(){ if (typeof $ === 'undefined') return; var host = window.location.hostname; if ((host === $domain || host === "www."+$domain) && (typeof $().modal === 'function')) { $("#nav_log_in").click(function(e) { // Don't follow the link and open the modal e.preventDefault(); $("#login-modal").on('shown.bs.modal', function() { $(this).find("#login-modal-email-input").focus() }).modal('show'); }); } })()</script> <div class="bootstrap" id="footer"><div class="footer-content clearfix text-center padding-top-7x" style="width:100%;"><ul class="footer-links-secondary footer-links-wide list-inline margin-bottom-1x"><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/topics">Topics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/journals">Academia.edu Journals</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><svg style="width: 13px; height: 13px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="briefcase" class="svg-inline--fa fa-briefcase fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M320 336c0 8.84-7.16 16-16 16h-96c-8.84 0-16-7.16-16-16v-48H0v144c0 25.6 22.4 48 48 48h416c25.6 0 48-22.4 48-48V288H320v48zm144-208h-80V80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48H176c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v48H48c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v80h512v-80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48zm-144 0H192V96h128v32z"></path></svg> <strong>We're Hiring!</strong></a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://support.academia.edu/hc/en-us"><svg style="width: 12px; height: 12px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="question-circle" class="svg-inline--fa fa-question-circle fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M504 256c0 136.997-111.043 248-248 248S8 392.997 8 256C8 119.083 119.043 8 256 8s248 111.083 248 248zM262.655 90c-54.497 0-89.255 22.957-116.549 63.758-3.536 5.286-2.353 12.415 2.715 16.258l34.699 26.31c5.205 3.947 12.621 3.008 16.665-2.122 17.864-22.658 30.113-35.797 57.303-35.797 20.429 0 45.698 13.148 45.698 32.958 0 14.976-12.363 22.667-32.534 33.976C247.128 238.528 216 254.941 216 296v4c0 6.627 5.373 12 12 12h56c6.627 0 12-5.373 12-12v-1.333c0-28.462 83.186-29.647 83.186-106.667 0-58.002-60.165-102-116.531-102zM256 338c-25.365 0-46 20.635-46 46 0 25.364 20.635 46 46 46s46-20.636 46-46c0-25.365-20.635-46-46-46z"></path></svg> <strong>Help Center</strong></a></li></ul><ul class="footer-links-tertiary list-inline margin-bottom-1x"><li class="small">Find new research papers in:</li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physics">Physics</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry">Chemistry</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Sciences">Health Sciences</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology">Ecology</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earth_Sciences">Earth Sciences</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematics">Mathematics</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science">Computer Science</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="DesignSystem" id="credit" style="width:100%;"><ul class="u-pl0x footer-links-legal list-inline"><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li>Academia ©2025</li></ul></div><script> //<![CDATA[ window.detect_gmtoffset = true; window.Academia && window.Academia.set_gmtoffset && Academia.set_gmtoffset('/gmtoffset'); //]]> </script> <div id='overlay_background'></div> <div id='bootstrap-modal-container' class='bootstrap'></div> <div id='ds-modal-container' class='bootstrap DesignSystem'></div> <div id='full-screen-modal'></div> </div> </body> </html>