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<!DOCTYPE html> <html > <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/open_search.xml" title="Academia.edu"> <meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" name="viewport"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="bKJMBZA7E43xhDOopFZkssMMkBRjvYERV-NaN4R6mrs"> <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" /> <meta name="csrf-token" content="/tau47rHGslVOCefEW1HQTrPSeCnRXO9TMqcwD4yd//Kbvf6w4Em6jdfYcncH9ulra5pJ/I7RekmBYWRjiU2+Q==" /> <meta name="citation_title" content="Migration quantified: Constructing models and linking them with data" /> <meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2011/01/01" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Luca Borger (Börger)" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/206575/Migration_quantified_Constructing_models_and_linking_them_with_data" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Migration quantified: Constructing models and linking them with data" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="&quot;This chapter discusses how models, combined with modern data sources and statistical methods, can be used to test different hypotheses about the causes of migration. Mathematical formalisms for migration are presented. The ecological mechanisms" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://0.academia-photos.com/14029/4718/1164091/s200_luca.b_rger.jpg" /> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="2369844204" /> <meta property="og:type" content="book" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/206575/Migration_quantified_Constructing_models_and_linking_them_with_data" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Migration quantified: Constructing models and linking them with data" /> <meta property="og:image" content="http://a.academia-assets.com/images/open-graph-icons/fb-book.gif" /> <meta property="og:description" content="&quot;This chapter discusses how models, combined with modern data sources and statistical methods, can be used to test different hypotheses about the causes of migration. Mathematical formalisms for migration are presented. The ecological mechanisms" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://swansea.academia.edu/LucaBorger" /> <meta name="description" content="&quot;This chapter discusses how models, combined with modern data sources and statistical methods, can be used to test different hypotheses about the causes of migration. Mathematical formalisms for migration are presented. The ecological mechanisms" /> <title>(PDF) Migration quantified: Constructing models and linking them with data | Luca Borger (Börger) - Academia.edu</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/206575/Migration_quantified_Constructing_models_and_linking_them_with_data" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '49879c2402910372f4abc62630a427bbe033d190'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1732410243000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1732410243000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","abstract":"\u0026amp;quot;This chapter discusses how models, combined with modern data sources and statistical methods, can be used to test different hypotheses about the causes of migration. Mathematical formalisms for migration are presented. The ecological mechanisms that could spontaneously have given rise to migration-like patterns of space use from the interaction within and between groups of animals and their environment are discussed, showing that migration is best seen as to lie on a continuum from sedentary to nomadic movement patterns and not as a clearly distinct movement behaviour. Given the multitude of potential processes leading to migration, and the constraints imposed by data collection methods, it may be difficult to observe and identify the original cause. With this caveat in mind, the use of inferential methods to detect, quantify and identify the underlying mechanisms of migration is discussed and the links between models, data and inference are illustrated using three case studies. ##################################################### Updates: The book already sold out! A corrected reprint is available since Dec 2011.\u0026amp;quot;","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Luca Borger (Börger)"}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2010-01-07","dateModified":"2018-11-12","datePublished":"2011-01-01","headline":"Migration quantified: Constructing models and linking them with data","inLanguage":"en","keywords":["Statistics","Environmental Education","Science Communication","Conservation Biology","Animal Behavior","Conservation","Movement Ecology","Wildlife Biology","Migration","Modeling","Wildlife Ecology And Management","Biology","Ecology","Biodiversity","Human-wildlife conflicts","Wildlife Conservation","Behavioral Ecology"],"locationCreated":null,"publication":null,"publisher":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Organization","name":"Oxford University 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window.loswp.shouldShowBulkDownload = true; window.loswp.showSignupCaptcha = false window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":206575,"created_at":"2010-01-07T05:25:23.465-08:00","from_world_paper_id":null,"updated_at":"2021-01-17T00:06:16.761-08:00","_data":{"abstract":"\"This chapter discusses how models, combined with modern data sources and statistical methods, can be used to test different hypotheses about the causes of migration. Mathematical formalisms for migration are presented. The ecological mechanisms that could spontaneously have given rise to migration-like patterns of space use from the interaction within and between groups of animals and their environment are discussed, showing that migration is best seen as to lie on a continuum from sedentary to nomadic movement patterns and not as a clearly distinct movement behaviour. Given the multitude of potential processes leading to migration, and the constraints imposed by data collection methods, it may be difficult to observe and identify the original cause. With this caveat in mind, the use of inferential methods to detect, quantify and identify the underlying mechanisms of migration is discussed and the links between models, data and inference are illustrated using three case studies.\r\n#####################################################\r\n\r\nUpdates:\r\nThe book already sold out! A corrected reprint is available since Dec 2011.\"","more_info":"Book chapter coauthored with Jason Matthiopoulos, Ricardo Holdo, Juan Morales, Iain Couzin and Ed McCauley. in E. J. Milner-Gulland, J. M. Fryxell and A. R. E. Sinclair, eds. Animal Migration: A Synthesis.","publisher":"Oxford University Press","publication_date":"2011,,"},"document_type":"book","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":0,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Migration quantified: Constructing models and linking them with data","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [14029]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":7098769,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Migration quantified: Constructing models and linking them with data”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/7098769/mini_magick20190427-2575-gveneq.png?1556366039" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_splash/adobe.icon-574afd46eb6b03a77a153a647fb47e30546f9215c0ee6a25df597a779717f9ef.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Migration quantified: Constructing models and linking them with data</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="14029" href="https://swansea.academia.edu/LucaBorger"><img alt="Profile image of Luca Borger (Börger)" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/14029/4718/1164091/s65_luca.b_rger.jpg" />Luca Borger (Börger)</a></div><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2011</p><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">"This chapter discusses how models, combined with modern data sources and statistical methods, can be used to test different hypotheses about the causes of migration. Mathematical formalisms for migration are presented. The ecological mechanisms that could spontaneously have given rise to migration-like patterns of space use from the interaction within and between groups of animals and their environment are discussed, showing that migration is best seen as to lie on a continuum from sedentary to nomadic movement patterns and not as a clearly distinct movement behaviour. Given the multitude of potential processes leading to migration, and the constraints imposed by data collection methods, it may be difficult to observe and identify the original cause. With this caveat in mind, the use of inferential methods to detect, quantify and identify the underlying mechanisms of migration is discussed and the links between models, data and inference are illustrated using three case studies. ##################################################### Updates: The book already sold out! A corrected reprint is available since Dec 2011."</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":7098769,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/206575/Migration_quantified_Constructing_models_and_linking_them_with_data"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":7098769,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/206575/Migration_quantified_Constructing_models_and_linking_them_with_data"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div></div><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-doc_id="7098769" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/206575/Migration_quantified_Constructing_models_and_linking_them_with_data" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="21654433" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/21654433/Quantifying_migration_behaviour_using_Net_Squared_Displacement_approach_clarifications_and_caveats">Quantifying migration behaviour using Net Squared Displacement approach: clarifications and caveats</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2816476" href="https://slu-se.academia.edu/AndrewAllen">Andrew Allen</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1751369" href="https://slu-se.academia.edu/NSingh">Navinder Singh</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Estimating migration parameters of individuals and populations is vital for their conservation and management. Studies on animal movements and migration often depend upon location data from tracked animals and it is important that such data are appropriately analyzed for reliable estimates of migration and effective management of moving animals. The Net Squared Displacement (NSD) approach for modelling animal movement is being increasingly used as it can objectively quantify migration characteristics and separate different types of movements from migration. However, the ability of NSD to properly classify the movement patterns of individuals has been criticized and issues related to study design arise with respect to starting locations of the data/animals, data sampling regime and extent of movement of species. We address the issues raised over NSD using tracking data from 319 moose (Alces alces) in Sweden. Moose is an ideal species to test this approach, as it can be sedentary, nomadic, dispersing or migratory and individuals vary in their extent, timing and duration of migration. We propose a two-step process of using the NSD approach by first classifying movement modes using mean squared displacement (MSD) instead of NSD and then estimating the extent, duration and timing of migration using NSD. We show that the NSD approach is robust to the choice of starting dates except when the start date occurs during the migratory phase. We also show that the starting location of the animal has a marginal influence on the correct quantification of migration characteristics. The number of locations per day (1-48) did not significantly affect the performance of non-linear mixed effects models, which correctly distinguished migration from other movement types, however, high-resolution data had a significant negative influence on estimates for the timing of migrations. The extent of movement, however, had an effect on the classification of movements, and individuals undertaking short- distance migrations can be misclassified as other movements such as sedentary or nomadic. Our study raises important considerations for designing, analysing and interpreting movement ecology studies, and how these should be determined by the biology of the species and the ecological and conservation questions in focus.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Quantifying migration behaviour using Net Squared Displacement approach: clarifications and caveats","attachmentId":43389937,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/21654433/Quantifying_migration_behaviour_using_Net_Squared_Displacement_approach_clarifications_and_caveats","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/21654433/Quantifying_migration_behaviour_using_Net_Squared_Displacement_approach_clarifications_and_caveats"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="26755439" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/26755439/Understanding_the_evolution_of_migration_through_empirical_examples">Understanding the evolution of migration through empirical examples</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="49847700" href="https://independent.academia.edu/GregorySword">Gregory Sword</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">A Synthesis, 2011</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Understanding the evolution of migration through empirical examples","attachmentId":47033690,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/26755439/Understanding_the_evolution_of_migration_through_empirical_examples","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/26755439/Understanding_the_evolution_of_migration_through_empirical_examples"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="18163148" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/18163148/How_many_routes_lead_to_migration_Comparison_of_methods_to_assess_and_characterise_migratory_movements">How many routes lead to migration? Comparison of methods to assess and characterise migratory movements</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="4489258" href="https://nationalpark-bayerischer-wald.academia.edu/MarcoHeurich">Prof. Dr. Marco Heurich</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">1. Decreasing rate of migration in several species as a consequence of climate change and anthropic pressure, together with increasing evidence of space-use strategies intermediate between residency and complete migration, are very strong motivations to evaluate migration occurrence and features in animal populations. 2. The main goal of this paper was to perform a relative comparison between methods for identifying and characterising migration at the individual and population level on the basis of animal location data. 3. We classified 104 yearly individual trajectories from five populations of three deer species as migratory or non-migratory, by means of three methods: seasonal home range overlap, spatiotemporal separation of seasonal clusters, and the Net Squared Displacement (NSD) method. For migratory cases, we also measured timing and distance of migration and residence time on the summer range. Finally, we compared the classification in migration cases across methods and populations. 4. All methods consistently identified migration at the population level, i.e., they coherently distinguished between complete or almost complete migratory populations and partially migratory populations. However, in the latter case, methods coherently classified only about 50% of the single cases, i.e. they classified differently at the individual-animal level. We therefore infer that the comparison of methods may help point to ‘less-stereotyped’ cases in the residency-to-migration continuum. For cases consistently classified by all methods, no significant differences were found in migration distance, or residence time on summer ranges. Timing of migration estimated by NSD was earlier than by the other two methods, both for spring and autumn migrations.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"How many routes lead to migration? Comparison of methods to assess and characterise migratory movements","attachmentId":40581576,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/18163148/How_many_routes_lead_to_migration_Comparison_of_methods_to_assess_and_characterise_migratory_movements","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/18163148/How_many_routes_lead_to_migration_Comparison_of_methods_to_assess_and_characterise_migratory_movements"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="408219" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/408219/A_model_driven_approach_to_quantify_migration_patterns_individual_regional_and_yearly_differences">A model-driven approach to quantify migration patterns: individual, regional and yearly differences</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="14029" href="https://swansea.academia.edu/LucaBorger">Luca Borger (Börger)</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Animal Ecology, 2011</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">"Note: This is an extension of my squared displacement modelling approach, published in the book chapter Borger & Fryxell (2012, Oxford University Press), to include the case of migration. Beware, this publication on migration is somewhat preliminary in several aspects. Before using it on migration or other data I strongly suggest to refer to the original presentation of the method in Borger & Fryxell (2012, OUP), as it is considerably more rigorous and markedly improved. ### Abstract: 1. Animal migration has long intrigued scientists and wildlife managers alike, yet migratory species face increasing challenges because of habitat fragmentation, climate change and over-exploitation. Central to the understanding migratory species is the objective discrimination between migratory and nonmigratory individuals in a given population, quantifying the timing, duration and distance of migration and the ability to predict migratory movements. 2. Here, we propose a uniform statistical framework to (i) separate migration from other movement behaviours, (ii) quantify migration parameters without the need for arbitrary cut-off criteria and (iii) test predictability across individuals, time and space. 3. We first validated our novel approach by simulating data based on established theoretical movement patterns. We then formulated the expected shapes of squared displacement patterns as nonlinear models for a suite of movement behaviours to test the ability of our method to distinguish between migratory movement and other movement types. 4. We then tested our approached empirically using 108 wild Global Positioning System (GPS)-collared moose Alces alces in Scandinavia as a study system because they exhibit a wide range of movement behaviours, including resident, migrating and dispersing individuals, within the same population. Applying our approach showed that 87% and 67% of our Swedish and Norwegian subpopulations, respectively, can be classified as migratory. 5. Using nonlinear mixed effects models for all migratory individuals we showed that the distance, timing and duration of migration differed between the sexes and between years, with additional individual differences accounting for a large part of the variation in the distance of migration but not in the timing or duration. Overall, the model explained most of the variation (92%) and also had high predictive power for the same individuals over time (69%) as well as between study populations (74%). 6. The high predictive ability of the approach suggests that it can help increase our understanding of the drivers of migration and could provide key quantitative information for understanding and managing a broad range of migratory species."</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A model-driven approach to quantify migration patterns: individual, regional and yearly differences","attachmentId":1932277,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/408219/A_model_driven_approach_to_quantify_migration_patterns_individual_regional_and_yearly_differences","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/408219/A_model_driven_approach_to_quantify_migration_patterns_individual_regional_and_yearly_differences"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="64611737" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/64611737/How_many_routes_lead_to_migration_Comparison_of_methods_to_assess_and_characterize_migratory_movements">How many routes lead to migration? Comparison of methods to assess and characterize migratory movements</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="33564003" href="https://ualberta.academia.edu/EvelynMerrill">Evelyn Merrill</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Animal Ecology, 2015</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"How many routes lead to migration? Comparison of methods to assess and characterize migratory movements","attachmentId":76567673,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/64611737/How_many_routes_lead_to_migration_Comparison_of_methods_to_assess_and_characterize_migratory_movements","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/64611737/How_many_routes_lead_to_migration_Comparison_of_methods_to_assess_and_characterize_migratory_movements"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="17279579" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/17279579/Introducing_presence_and_stationarity_index_to_study_partial_migration_patterns_an_application_of_a_spatio_temporal_clustering_technique">Introducing ‘presence’ and ‘stationarity index’ to study partial migration patterns: an application of a spatio-temporal clustering technique</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="4489258" href="https://nationalpark-bayerischer-wald.academia.edu/MarcoHeurich">Prof. Dr. Marco Heurich</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Partial migration is a crucial mobility pattern in animal ecology. Unlike complete migrations that take place when all the individuals in a population migrate with a clear separation of ranges, partial migrations are migrations that often follow modalities and times that vary from animal to animal. As a result the distinction between migratory and nonmigratory behavior becomes less defined. In this paper, we present an interdisciplinary effort geared to evaluate whether a recent time-aware, density-based clustering technique, called SeqScan, relying on the novel concept of object’s presence can be effectively applied to the study of partial migrations. To that end, we propose an extended framework centered on SeqScan, comprising a noise model for the detection of fine-grained movement patterns, i.e. excursions and inter-cluster transitions, and an internal time-aware validity index, for clustering evaluation. Furthermore, we contrast SeqScan with a recent technique developed in the context of animal ecology and grounded on statistical methods. For the study, we use real trajectories from two large herbivorous species located in Bavaria. We argue that the classification capabilities of SeqScan are comparable to those of the reference method. Moreover, the SeqScan framework overcomes important limitations of more conventional techniques, offering, in particular, the opportunity of quantifying the mobility behavior of individuals.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Introducing ‘presence’ and ‘stationarity index’ to study partial migration patterns: an application of a spatio-temporal clustering technique","attachmentId":39413184,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/17279579/Introducing_presence_and_stationarity_index_to_study_partial_migration_patterns_an_application_of_a_spatio_temporal_clustering_technique","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link 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Bauer</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Biology Letters, 2009</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Animal migration: linking models and data beyond taxonomic limits","attachmentId":46930848,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/11060862/Animal_migration_linking_models_and_data_beyond_taxonomic_limits","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/11060862/Animal_migration_linking_models_and_data_beyond_taxonomic_limits"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="916596" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/916596/The_Ecology_and_Evolution_of_Partial_Migration">The Ecology and Evolution of Partial Migration</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="398436" href="https://lu.academia.edu/BenChapman">Ben Chapman</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Ecology and Evolution of Partial 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