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<span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Assassination_of_al-Mutawakkil" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Assassination_of_al-Mutawakkil"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Assassination of al-Mutawakkil</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Assassination_of_al-Mutawakkil-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Decline_of_Abbasid_Caliphate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Decline_of_Abbasid_Caliphate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Decline of Abbasid Caliphate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Decline_of_Abbasid_Caliphate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Abbasids_from_al-Mu'tadid_to_al-Radi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Abbasids_from_al-Mu'tadid_to_al-Radi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Abbasids from al-Mu'tadid to al-Radi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Abbasids_from_al-Mu'tadid_to_al-Radi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_Abbasid_era_(936–1258)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_Abbasid_era_(936–1258)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Later Abbasid era (936–1258)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_Abbasid_era_(936–1258)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Caliphate_of_Cairo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Caliphate_of_Cairo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Caliphate of Cairo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Caliphate_of_Cairo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Family_tree" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Family_tree"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Family tree</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Family_tree-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_members" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_members"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Notable members</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notable_members-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Notable members subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notable_members-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_Abbasid_era_(750–861)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_Abbasid_era_(750–861)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Early Abbasid era (750–861)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_Abbasid_era_(750–861)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Middle_Abbasid_era_(861–936)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Middle_Abbasid_era_(861–936)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Middle Abbasid era (861–936)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Middle_Abbasid_era_(861–936)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_Abbasid_era_(936–1258)_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_Abbasid_era_(936–1258)_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Later Abbasid era (936–1258)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_Abbasid_era_(936–1258)_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Abbasid dynasty</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 48 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-48" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">48 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%88_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="بنو العباس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بنو العباس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinast%C3%ADa_Abbas%C3%AD" title="Dinastía Abbasí – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Dinastía Abbasí" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbasil%C9%99r" title="Abbasilər – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Abbasilər" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8" title="বনু আব্বাস – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বনু আব্বাস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%96%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="Абасіды – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Абасіды" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Абасиди – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Абасиди" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abasidi" title="Abasidi – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Abasidi" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbasided" title="Abbasided – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Abbasided" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%B9%D3%91%D1%85%D3%97" title="Аббас йӑхӗ – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Аббас йӑхӗ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinastiyang_Abasida" title="Dinastiyang Abasida – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Dinastiyang Abasida" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abb%C3%A1sovci" title="Abbásovci – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Abbásovci" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbasiden" title="Abbasiden – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Abbasiden" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbassiidid" title="Abbassiidid – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Abbassiidid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbastarren_dinastia" title="Abbastarren dinastia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Abbastarren dinastia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbassides" title="Abbassides – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Abbassides" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbasiden" title="Abbasiden – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Abbasiden" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cailifeacht_na_nAbasach" title="Cailifeacht na nAbasach – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Cailifeacht na nAbasach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%A2%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Աբբասյաններ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Աբբասյաններ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abasidi" title="Abasidi – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Abasidi" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abasidi" title="Abasidi – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Abasidi" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Аббасидле – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Аббасидле" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="აბასიანები – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="აბასიანები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%81_%D3%99%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%96" title="Аббас әулеті – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Аббас әулеті" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Аббасиддер – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Аббасиддер" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbasidae" title="Abbasidae – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Abbasidae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abasidai" title="Abasidai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Abasidai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abb%C3%A1szid%C3%A1k" title="Abbászidák – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Abbászidák" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abasida" title="Abasida – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Abasida" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="აბასიანეფი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="აბასიანეფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banu_Abbas" title="Banu Abbas – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Banu Abbas" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B9" title="Ӏаббасхой – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Ӏаббасхой" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbosiylar" title="Abbosiylar – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Abbosiylar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%88_%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="خاندان بنو عباس – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="خاندان بنو عباس" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88_%D9%84%DA%93%DB%8D" title="د عباسیانو لړۍ – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د عباسیانو لړۍ" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banu_Abas" title="Banu Abas – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Banu Abas" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="Аббасиды – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Аббасиды" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinastia_Abaside" title="Dinastia Abaside – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Dinastia Abaside" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abb%C3%A1sovci" title="Abbásovci – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Abbásovci" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Rulers of the Abbasid Caliphate</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the state ruled by the dynasty, see <a href="/wiki/Abbasid_Caliphate" title="Abbasid Caliphate">Abbasid Caliphate</a>. For the surname, see <a href="/wiki/Abbasi_(surname)" title="Abbasi (surname)">Abbasi (surname)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org">Abbasid caliphs<br /><div style="display:inline;" class="nickname"><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">العباسيون</span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Abbasid_banner.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Abbasid_banner.svg/150px-Abbasid_banner.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Abbasid_banner.svg/225px-Abbasid_banner.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Abbasid_banner.svg/300px-Abbasid_banner.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Flag of Abbasid dynasty</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parent family</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Banu_Hashim" title="Banu Hashim">Banu Hashim</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Abbasid_Caliphate" title="Abbasid Caliphate">Abbasid Caliphate</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">750 (in <a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a>)<br />1261 (in <a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Final ruler</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Al-Mutawakkil_III" title="Al-Mutawakkil III">Al-Mutawakkil III</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Historic seat</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kufa" title="Kufa">Al-Kūfah (Kufa)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baġdād (Baghdad)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbasid_Samarra" title="Abbasid Samarra">Sāmarra (Samarra)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Titles</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caliph" class="mw-redirect" title="Caliph">Caliph</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Amir_al-Mu%27minin" title="Amir al-Mu'minin">Amir al-Mu'minin</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultan_of_Egypt#Burji_Dynasty" title="Sultan of Egypt">Sultan of Egypt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Dissolution</th><td class="infobox-data">1258 (in Baghdad)<br />1517 (in Cairo)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Abbasid dynasty</b> or <b>Abbasids</b> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">بنو العباس</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic" title="Romanization of Arabic">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Banu al-ʿAbbās</i></span>) were an <a href="/wiki/Arabs" title="Arabs">Arab</a> dynasty that ruled the <a href="/wiki/Abbasid_Caliphate" title="Abbasid Caliphate">Abbasid Caliphate</a> between 750 and 1258. They were from the <a href="/wiki/Quraysh" title="Quraysh">Qurayshi</a> <a href="/wiki/Banu_Hashim" title="Banu Hashim">Hashimid</a> clan of Banu Abbas, descended from <a href="/wiki/Abbas_ibn_Abd_al-Muttalib" title="Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib">Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Abbasid_Caliphate" title="Abbasid Caliphate">Abbasid Caliphate</a> is divided into three main periods: Early Abbasid era (750–861), Middle Abbasid era (861–936) and Later Abbasid era (936–1258). A cadet branch of the dynasty also ruled as ceremonial rulers for the <a href="/wiki/Mamluk_Sultanate" title="Mamluk Sultanate">Mamluk Sultanate</a> (1261–1517) until their conquest by the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ancestry">Ancestry</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abbasid_dynasty&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Ancestry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title">Historical Arab states and dynasties</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arte_Alhambra_I_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Arte_Alhambra_I_%28cropped%29.jpg/250px-Arte_Alhambra_I_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Arte_Alhambra_I_%28cropped%29.jpg/375px-Arte_Alhambra_I_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Arte_Alhambra_I_%28cropped%29.jpg/500px-Arte_Alhambra_I_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3055" data-file-height="1258" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee; border-top: 1px solid #aaa; padding-left:0.5em;;color: var(--color-base)">Ancient Arab states</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Qedarites" title="Qedarites">Kingdom of Qedar</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 800 BC–300 BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Lihyan" title="Lihyan">Kingdom of Lihyan</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 600 BC–100 BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Nabataean_Kingdom" title="Nabataean Kingdom">Nabataean Kingdom</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 400 BC–106 AD</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Osroene" title="Osroene">Kingdom of Osroene</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 132 BC–244 AD</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Emesene_dynasty" title="Emesene dynasty">Emesene Dynasty</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 64 BC–300s AD</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hatra" title="Kingdom of Hatra">Kingdom of Hatra</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 100s–241 AD</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Tanukhids" title="Tanukhids">Tanukhids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 196–1100 AD</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Ghassanids" title="Ghassanids">Ghassanids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 220–638 AD</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Salihids" title="Salihids">Salihids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 300s–500s AD</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Lakhmid_kingdom" title="Lakhmid kingdom">Lakhmids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 300s–602 AD</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kinda" title="Kingdom of Kinda">Kingdom of Kinda</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 450 AD–550 AD</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee; border-top: 1px solid #aaa; padding-left:0.5em;;color: var(--color-base)">Arab empires and caliphates</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Rashidun_Caliphate" title="Rashidun Caliphate">Rashidun</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 632–661</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate" title="Umayyad Caliphate">Umayyads</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 661–750</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Abbasid_Caliphate" title="Abbasid Caliphate">Abbasids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 750–1258</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Fatimid_Caliphate" title="Fatimid Caliphate">Fatimids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 909–1171</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee; border-top: 1px solid #aaa; padding-left:0.5em;;color: var(--color-base)">Eastern dynasties</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Arminiya" title="Arminiya">Emirate of Armenia</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 654–884</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Tbilisi" title="Emirate of Tbilisi">Emirate of Tbilisi</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 736–1122</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Crete" title="Emirate of Crete">Emirate of Crete</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 824–961</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Dulafid_dynasty" title="Dulafid dynasty"> Dulafids </a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 840–897</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Habbari_dynasty" title="Habbari dynasty">Habbarids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 854–1011</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Kaysites" title="Kaysites">Kaysites</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 860–964</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Shirvanshah" class="mw-redirect" title="Shirvanshah">Shirvanshah</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 861–1538</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Alid_dynasties_of_northern_Iran" title="Alid dynasties of northern Iran">Alavids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 864–928</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Hashimids_(Darband)" title="Hashimids (Darband)"> Hashimids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 869–1075</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Hamdanid_dynasty" title="Hamdanid dynasty">Hamdanids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 890–1004</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Rawadid_dynasty" title="Rawadid dynasty">Rawadids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 955–1071</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Banu_Mazyad" title="Banu Mazyad">Mazyadids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 961–1150</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Jarrahids" title="Jarrahids">Jarrahids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 970–1107</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Uqaylid_dynasty" title="Uqaylid dynasty">Uqaylids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 990–1096</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Numayrid_dynasty" title="Numayrid dynasty">Numayrids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 990–1081</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Mirdasid_dynasty" title="Mirdasid dynasty">Mirdasids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1024–1080</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Banu_Munqidh" title="Banu Munqidh">Munqidhites</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1025–1157</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Ma%27n_dynasty" title="Ma'n dynasty">Ma'nids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1517–1697</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Turabay_dynasty" title="Turabay dynasty">Turabays</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1480–1677</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Harfush_dynasty" title="Harfush dynasty">Harfushs</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1517–1865</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Shihab_dynasty" title="Shihab dynasty">Shihabs</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1697–1842</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee; border-top: 1px solid #aaa; padding-left:0.5em;;color: var(--color-base)">Western dynasties and caliphates</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Nekor" title="Emirate of Nekor">Salihids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;">710–1019</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Fihrids" title="Fihrids">Fihrid Emirate</a></td><td style="text-align:right;">745-757</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Umayyad_state_of_C%C3%B3rdoba" title="Umayyad state of Córdoba">Umayyad state of Córdoba</a></td><td style="text-align:right;">756–1031</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Muhallabids" title="Muhallabids">Muhallabids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;">771–793</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Idrisid_dynasty" title="Idrisid dynasty">Idrisids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;">788–974</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Aghlabids" class="mw-redirect" title="Aghlabids">Aghlabids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;">800–909</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Sulaymanid_dynasty" title="Sulaymanid dynasty">Sulaymanids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;">814–922</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Muslim_Sicily" title="Muslim Sicily">Muslim Sicily</a></td><td style="text-align:right;">831–1091</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Banu_Kanz" title="Banu Kanz">Kanzids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;">1004–1412</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Taifa_of_Salt%C3%A9s_and_Huelva" title="Taifa of Saltés and Huelva">Bakrids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;">1012–1051</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Banu_Tujib" title="Banu Tujib">Tujibids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;">1013–1039</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Taifa_of_Valencia" title="Taifa of Valencia"> Amirids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;">1020–1086</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Taifa_of_Seville" title="Taifa of Seville">Abbadids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;">1023–1091</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Taifa_of_Niebla" title="Taifa of Niebla">Yahsubids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;">1023–1062</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Taifa_of_M%C3%A1laga" title="Taifa of Málaga">Hammudids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;">1026–1057</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Taifa_of_Silves" title="Taifa of Silves">Muzaynids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;">1027–1063</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Taifa_of_C%C3%B3rdoba" title="Taifa of Córdoba">Jawharids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;">1031–1091</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Banu_Hud" title="Banu Hud">Hudids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;">1039–1110</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Banu_Sumadih" title="Banu Sumadih">Sumadihids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;">1041–1091</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Taifa_of_Murcia" title="Taifa of Murcia">Tahirids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;">1049–1078</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Granada" title="Emirate of Granada">Nasrids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;">1230–1492</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Saadi_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Saadi dynasty">Saadids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;">1554–1659</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Senussi" class="mw-redirect" title="Senussi">Senussids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;">1837–1969</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee; border-top: 1px solid #aaa; padding-left:0.5em;;color: var(--color-base)">Arabian Peninsula</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Oman_proper" class="mw-redirect" title="Oman proper">Imamate of Oman</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 751–1970</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Ziyadid_dynasty" title="Ziyadid dynasty">Ziyadids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 819–1138</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Yufirids" class="mw-redirect" title="Yufirids">Yufirids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 847–997</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Banu_Ukhaidhir" title="Banu Ukhaidhir">Ukhaidhirds</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 865–1066</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Rassids" class="mw-redirect" title="Rassids">Rassids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 897–1962</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Qarmatians" title="Qarmatians">Qarmatians</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 899–1077</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Wajihids" title="Wajihids">Wajihids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 926–965</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Sharifate_of_Mecca" title="Sharifate of Mecca">Sharifate of Mecca</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 968–1925</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Sulayhid_dynasty" title="Sulayhid dynasty">Sulayhids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1047–1138</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Sulaymanids" title="Sulaymanids">Sulaymanids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1063–1174</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Uyunid_Emirate" title="Uyunid Emirate">Uyunids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1076–1253</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Zurayids" class="mw-redirect" title="Zurayids">Zurayids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1083–1174</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Nabhani_dynasty" title="Nabhani dynasty">Nabhanids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1154–1624</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Mahdids" title="Mahdids">Mahdids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1159–1174</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Rasulid_dynasty" title="Rasulid dynasty">Rasulids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1229–1454</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Usfurids" title="Usfurids">Usfurids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1253–1320</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Jarwanid_dynasty" title="Jarwanid dynasty">Jarwanids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1305–1487</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Kathiri" title="Kathiri">Kathirids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1395–1967</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Tahirids_(Yemen)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tahirids (Yemen)">Tahirids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1454–1526</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Jabrids" title="Jabrids">Jabrids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1463–1521</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Rassids#The_Qasimid_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Rassids">Qasimids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1597–1872</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Yaruba_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Yaruba dynasty">Ya'arubids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1624–1742</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Upper_Yafa" title="Upper Yafa">Upper Yafa</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1800–1967</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Muscat_and_Oman" title="Muscat and Oman">Muscat and Oman</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1820–1970</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Rashidi_dynasty" title="Rashidi dynasty">Rashidids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1836–1921</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Qu%27aiti" title="Qu'aiti">Qu'aitids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1858–1967</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Beihan" title="Emirate of Beihan">Emirate of Beihan</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1903–1967</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Idrisid_Emirate_of_Asir" title="Idrisid Emirate of Asir">Idrisids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1906–1934</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Mutawakkilite_Kingdom_of_Yemen" class="mw-redirect" title="Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen">Mutawakkilite Kingdom</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1926–1970</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee; border-top: 1px solid #aaa; padding-left:0.5em;;color: var(--color-base)">East Africa</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Showa" class="mw-redirect" title="Sultanate of Showa">Makhzumi dynasty</a> (<a href="/wiki/Shewa" title="Shewa">Shewa</a>)</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 896–1279</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Pate" title="List of rulers of Pate">Nabahani dynasty</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pate_Island" title="Pate Island">Pate Island</a>)</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1203–1894</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Kilwa_Sultanate#Mahdali_era" title="Kilwa Sultanate">Mahdali dynasty</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kilwa" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilwa">Kilwa</a>)</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1277–1495</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Mazrui" title="Mazrui">Mazrui dynasty</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mombasa" title="Mombasa">Mombasa</a>)</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1746–1828</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Zanzibar" title="Sultanate of Zanzibar">Sultanate of Zanzibar</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1856–1964</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Witu" title="List of rulers of Witu">Nabahani dynasty</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wituland" title="Wituland">Wituland</a>)</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1858–1895</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Tippu_Tip%27s_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Tippu Tip's State">Tippu Tip's State</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1860–1887</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee; border-top: 1px solid #aaa; padding-left:0.5em;;color: var(--color-base)">Current monarchies</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/%27Alawi_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="'Alawi dynasty">'Alawis</a> (<a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>)</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1631–present</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Al_Qasimi" title="Al Qasimi">Al Qasimi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ras_al_Khaymah" class="mw-redirect" title="Ras al Khaymah">Ras al Khaymah</a>)</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1727–present</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Al_Qasimi" title="Al Qasimi">Al Qasimi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sharjah" title="Sharjah">Sharjah</a>)</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1727–present</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/House_of_Saud" title="House of Saud">Al Saud</a> (<a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>)</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1744–present</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/House_of_Busaid" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Busaid">Al Said</a> (<a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a>)</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1749–present</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/House_of_Sabah" title="House of Sabah">Al Sabah</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a>)</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1752–present</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/House_of_Nahyan" title="House of Nahyan">Al Nahyan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Abu_Dhabi" title="Emirate of Abu Dhabi">Abu Dhabi</a>)</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1761–present</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Al_Mualla" title="Al Mualla">Al Mualla</a> (<a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Umm_al-Quwain" class="mw-redirect" title="Emirate of Umm al-Quwain">Umm al-Quwain</a>)</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1775–present</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/House_of_Khalifa" title="House of Khalifa">Al Khalifa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a>)</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1783–present</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Al_Nuaimi" title="Al Nuaimi">Al Nuaimi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Ajman" title="Emirate of Ajman">Ajman</a>)</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1810–present</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/House_of_Maktoum" title="House of Maktoum">Al Maktoum</a> (<a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Dubai" title="Emirate of Dubai">Dubai</a>)</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1833–present</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/House_of_Thani" title="House of Thani">Al Thani</a> (<a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a>)</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1868–present</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Al_Sharqi" title="Al Sharqi">Al Sharqi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Fujairah" title="Emirate of Fujairah">Fujairah</a>)</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1900–present</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Hashemites" title="Hashemites">Hashemites</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a>)</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1921–present</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="padding-top:0;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Historical_Arab_states_and_dynasties" title="Template:Historical Arab states and dynasties"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Historical_Arab_states_and_dynasties" title="Template talk:Historical Arab states and dynasties"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Historical_Arab_states_and_dynasties" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Historical Arab states and dynasties"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The Abbasids descended from <a href="/wiki/Abbas_ibn_Abd_al-Muttalib" title="Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib">Abbas</a>, one of <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a>'s companions (as well as his uncle) and one of the early <a href="/wiki/Qur%27an" class="mw-redirect" title="Qur'an">Qur'an</a> scholars.<sup id="cite_ref-EB_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Therefore, their roots trace back to <a href="/wiki/Hashim_ibn_%27Abd_Manaf" class="mw-redirect" title="Hashim ibn 'Abd Manaf">Hashim ibn 'Abd Manaf</a> and also <a href="/wiki/Adnan" title="Adnan">Adnan</a> in the following line: <a href="/wiki/Al-%E2%80%98Abbas_ibn_%E2%80%98Abd_al-Muttalib" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-‘Abbas ibn ‘Abd al-Muttalib">Al-‘Abbas</a> ibn <a href="/wiki/Abdul-Muttalib" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdul-Muttalib">Abdul-Muttalib</a> ibn <a href="/wiki/Hashim" title="Hashim">Hashim</a> ibn <a href="/wiki/Abd_Manaf_ibn_Qusai" title="Abd Manaf ibn Qusai">Abd Manaf ibn Qusai</a><sup id="cite_ref-Armstrong_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Armstrong-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ibn <a href="/wiki/Kilab_ibn_Murrah" title="Kilab ibn Murrah">Kilab ibn Murrah</a> ibn Ka'b ibn <a href="/wiki/Lu%27ay_ibn_Ghalib" class="mw-redirect" title="Lu'ay ibn Ghalib">Lu'ay ibn Ghalib</a> ibn <a href="/wiki/Fihr_ibn_Malik" title="Fihr ibn Malik">Fihr ibn Malik</a> ibn <a href="/wiki/Al-nadr" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-nadr">An-Nadr ibn Kinanah ibn Khuzaima</a> ibn <a href="/wiki/Mudrikah_ibn_Ilyas" title="Mudrikah ibn Ilyas">Mudrikah ibn Ilyas</a> ibn Mudar ibn Nizar ibn <a href="/wiki/Ma%27add" class="mw-redirect" title="Ma'add">Ma'add</a> ibn <a href="/wiki/Adnan" title="Adnan">Adnan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abbasid_dynasty&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Abbasid dynasty was the dynasty that ruled the third <a href="/wiki/Caliphate" title="Caliphate">caliphate</a> to succeed the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_prophet" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic prophet">Islamic prophet</a> <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a>. It descends from Muhammad's uncle, <a href="/wiki/Abbas_ibn_Abd_al-Muttalib" title="Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib">Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib</a> (566–653 <a href="/wiki/Common_Era" title="Common Era">CE</a>), from whom the dynasty takes its name.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoiberg201010_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoiberg201010-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Abbasids ruled as caliphs for most of the caliphate from their capital in <a href="/wiki/Round_city_of_Baghdad" title="Round city of Baghdad">Baghdad</a> in modern-day <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>, after having overthrown the <a href="/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate" title="Umayyad Caliphate">Umayyad Caliphate</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Abbasid_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Abbasid Revolution">Abbasid Revolution</a> of 750 CE (132 <a href="/wiki/Anno_Hegirae" class="mw-redirect" title="Anno Hegirae">AH</a>). The Abbasid Caliphate first centered its government in <a href="/wiki/Kufa" title="Kufa">Kufa</a>, modern-day Iraq, but in 762 the caliph <a href="/wiki/Al-Mansur" title="Al-Mansur">Al-Mansur</a> founded the city of <a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a>, near the ancient <a href="/wiki/Babylonian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Babylonian Empire">Babylonian</a> capital city of <a href="/wiki/Babylon" title="Babylon">Babylon</a>. Baghdad became the center of <a href="/wiki/Science_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world" title="Science in the medieval Islamic world">science</a>, <a href="/wiki/Islamic_culture" title="Islamic culture">culture</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_inventions_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world" title="List of inventions in the medieval Islamic world">invention</a> in what became known as the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Golden_Age" title="Islamic Golden Age">Golden Age of Islam</a>. This, in addition to housing several key academic institutions, including the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Wisdom" title="House of Wisdom">House of Wisdom</a>, as well as a multiethnic and multi-religious environment, garnered it a worldwide reputation as the "Center of Learning". </p><p>The Abbasid leadership had to work hard in the last half of the 8th century (750–800) under several competent caliphs and their viziers to usher in the administrative changes needed to keep order of the political challenges created by the far-flung nature of the empire, and the limited communication across it.<sup id="cite_ref-Brauer_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brauer-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was also during this early period of the dynasty, in particular during the governance of Al-Mansur, Harun al-Rashid, and <a href="/wiki/Al-Ma%27mun" title="Al-Ma'mun">al-Ma'mun</a>, that its reputation and power were created.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoiberg201010_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoiberg201010-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Abbasid Caliphate was at its peak until the assassination of Caliph Al-Mutawakkil in 861. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Assassination_of_al-Mutawakkil">Assassination of al-Mutawakkil</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abbasid_dynasty&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Assassination of al-Mutawakkil"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Al-Mutawakkil" title="Al-Mutawakkil">Al-Mutawakkil</a> had appointed his oldest son, <a href="/wiki/Al-Muntasir" title="Al-Muntasir">al-Muntasir</a>, as his heir in 849/50, but slowly had shifted his favour to his second son, <a href="/wiki/Al-Mu%27tazz" title="Al-Mu'tazz">al-Mu'tazz</a>, encouraged by al-Fath ibn Khaqan and the vizier <a href="/wiki/Ubayd_Allah_ibn_Yahya_ibn_Khaqan" title="Ubayd Allah ibn Yahya ibn Khaqan">Ubayd Allah ibn Yahya ibn Khaqan</a>. This rivalry extended into the political sphere, as al-Mu'tazz's succession appears to have been backed by the traditional Abbasid elites as well, while al-Muntasir was backed by the Turkic and <i><a href="/wiki/Maghariba_(Abbasid_troops)" title="Maghariba (Abbasid troops)">Maghariba</a></i> guard troops.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGordon200182_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGordon200182-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy2004169_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedy2004169-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In late autumn 861, matters came to a head: in October, al-Mutawakkil ordered the estates of the Turkic general <a href="/wiki/Wasif_al-Turki" title="Wasif al-Turki">Wasif</a> to be confiscated and handed over to al-Fath. Feeling backed into a corner, the Turkic leadership began a plot to assassinate the Caliph.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKraemer1989171_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKraemer1989171-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy2004168–169_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedy2004168–169-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were soon joined, or at least had the tacit approval, of al-Muntasir, who smarted from a succession of humiliations: on 5 December, on the recommendation of al-Fath and Ubayd Allah, he was bypassed in favour of al-Mu'tazz for leading the <a href="/wiki/Friday_prayer" title="Friday prayer">Friday prayer</a> at the end of <a href="/wiki/Ramadan" title="Ramadan">Ramadan</a>, while three days later, when al-Mutawakkil was feeling ill and chose al-Muntasir to represent him on the prayer, once again Ubayd Allah intervened and persuaded the Caliph to go in person. Even worse, according to <a href="/wiki/Al-Tabari" title="Al-Tabari">al-Tabari</a>, on the next day al-Mutawakkil alternately vilified and threatened to kill his eldest son, and even had al-Fath slap him on the face. With rumours circulating that Wasif and the other Turkish leaders would be rounded up and executed on 12 December, the conspirators decided to act.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy2004169_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedy2004169-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKraemer1989171–173,_176_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKraemer1989171–173,_176-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to al-Tabari, a story later circulated that al-Fath and Ubayd Allah were forewarned of the plot by a Turkic woman, but had disregarded it, confident that no-one would dare carry it out.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKraemer1989xx,_181_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKraemer1989xx,_181-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy2006265_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedy2006265-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the night of 10/11 December, about one hour after midnight, the Turks burst into the chamber where the Caliph and al-Fath were having supper. Al-Fath was killed trying to protect the Caliph, who was killed next. Al-Muntasir, who now assumed the Caliphate, initially claimed that al-Fath had murdered his father, and that he had been killed after; within a short time, however, the official story changed to al-Mutawakkil choking on his drink.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKraemer1989171–182,_184,_195_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKraemer1989171–182,_184,_195-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy2006264–267_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedy2006264–267-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The murder of al-Mutawakkil began the tumultuous period known as "<a href="/wiki/Anarchy_at_Samarra" title="Anarchy at Samarra">Anarchy at Samarra</a>", which lasted until 870 and brought the Abbasid Caliphate to the brink of collapse.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy2004169–173_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedy2004169–173-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Decline_of_Abbasid_Caliphate">Decline of Abbasid Caliphate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abbasid_dynasty&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Decline of Abbasid Caliphate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The decline of the Abbasids started with the death of al-Mutawakkil. After his assassination the <a href="/wiki/Anarchy_at_Samarra" title="Anarchy at Samarra">Anarchy at Samarra</a> began, which was a period of extreme internal instability from 861 to 870 in the history of the Abbasid Caliphate, marked by the violent succession of four caliphs. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Al-Muntasir" title="Al-Muntasir">Al-Muntasir</a> became Caliph on 11 December 861, after his father <a href="/wiki/Al-Mutawakkil" title="Al-Mutawakkil">al-Mutawakkil</a> was assassinated by members of his Turkic guard.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although he was suspected of being involved in the plot to kill al-Mutawakkil, he was able to quickly take control of affairs in the capital city of <a href="/wiki/Samarra" title="Samarra">Samarra</a> and receive the <a href="/wiki/Bay%27ah" title="Bay'ah">oath of allegiance</a> from the leading men of the state.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Al-Muntasir's sudden elevation to the Caliphate served to benefit several of his close associates, who gained senior positions in the government after his ascension. Included among these were his secretary, <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_ibn_al-Khasib" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmad ibn al-Khasib">Ahmad ibn al-Khasib</a>, who became <a href="/wiki/Vizier" title="Vizier">vizier</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wasif_al-Turki" title="Wasif al-Turki">Wasif</a>, a senior Turkic general who had likely been heavily involved in al-Mutawakkil's murder.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His reign lasted less than half a year; it ended with his death from unknown causes on Sunday, 7 June 862, at the age of 24 years. During al-Muntasir's short reign (r. 861–862), the Turks pressured him into removing al-Mu'tazz and al-Mu'ayyad from the succession. When al-Muntasir died, the Turkic officers gathered together and decided to install the dead caliph's cousin <a href="/wiki/Al-Musta%27in" title="Al-Musta'in">al-Musta'in</a> (son of al-Mutawakkil's brother <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_al-Mu%27tasim" title="Muhammad ibn al-Mu'tasim">Muhammad</a>) on the throne.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The new caliph was almost immediately faced with a large riot in Samarra in support of the disenfranchised al-Mu'tazz; the rioters were put down by the military but casualties on both sides were heavy. Al-Musta'in, worried that al-Mu'tazz or al-Mu'ayyad could press their claims to the caliphate, first attempted to buy them off and then threw them in prison.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 866 his nephew al-Musta'in was killed by al-Mu'tazz after <a href="/wiki/Fifth_Fitna" class="mw-redirect" title="Fifth Fitna">Fifth Fitna</a>. Al-Mu'tazz's reign marks the apogee of the decline of the Caliphate's central authority, and the climax of centrifugal tendencies, expressed through the emergence of the autonomous dynasties in Abbasid Caliphate. Finally, unable to meet the financial demands of the Turkic troops, in mid-July a palace coup deposed al-Mu'tazz. He was imprisoned and maltreated to such an extent that he died after three days, on 16 July 869.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBosworth1993794_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBosworth1993794-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was succeeded by his cousin <a href="/wiki/Al-Muhtadi" title="Al-Muhtadi">al-Muhtadi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBosworth1993794_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBosworth1993794-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He ruled until 870, until he was murdered on 21 June 870, and replaced by his cousin, <a href="/wiki/Al-Mu%27tamid" title="Al-Mu'tamid">al-Mu'tamid</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 870–892</span>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZetterstéenBosworth1993476–477_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZetterstéenBosworth1993476–477-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Abbasids_from_al-Mu'tadid_to_al-Radi"><span id="Abbasids_from_al-Mu.27tadid_to_al-Radi"></span>Abbasids from al-Mu'tadid to al-Radi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abbasid_dynasty&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Abbasids from al-Mu'tadid to al-Radi"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In a series of campaigns <a href="/wiki/Al-Mu%27tadid" title="Al-Mu'tadid">al-Mu'tadid</a> recovered the provinces of Jazira, Thughur, and Jibal, and effected a rapprochement with the Saffarids in the east and the <a href="/wiki/Tulunids" title="Tulunids">Tulunids</a> in the west that secured their—albeit largely nominal—recognition of caliphal suzerainty. These successes came at the cost of gearing the economy almost exclusively towards the maintenance of the army, which resulted in the expansion and rise to power of the central fiscal bureaucracy and contributed to the Caliph's lasting reputation for avarice. Al-Mu'tadid was renowned for his cruelty when punishing criminals, and subsequent chroniclers recorded his extensive and ingenious use of torture. His reign saw the permanent move of the capital back to Baghdad, where he engaged in major building activities. </p><p>Al-Mu'tadid had taken care to prepare his son and successor, <a href="/wiki/Al-Muktafi" title="Al-Muktafi">al-Muktafi</a>, for his role by appointing him as <a href="/wiki/Governor" title="Governor">governor</a> in Rayy and the Jazira.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy1993759–760_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedy1993759–760-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBonner2010337_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBonner2010337-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although al-Muktafi tried to follow his father's policies, he lacked his energy. The heavily militarized system of al-Muwaffaq and al-Mu'tadid required the Caliph to actively participate in campaigns, setting a personal example and forming ties of loyalty, reinforced by patronage, between the ruler and the soldiers. Al-Muktafi, on the other hand, did not "in his character and comportment [...], being a sedentary figure, instil much loyalty, let alone inspiration, in the soldiers" (Michael Bonner).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBonner2010332,_335,_337_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBonner2010332,_335,_337-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Caliphate was still able to secure major successes over the next few years, including the reincorporation of the Tulunid domains in 904 and victories over the Qarmatians, but with al-Muktafi's death in 908, the so-called "Abbasid restoration" passed its high-water mark, and a new period of crisis began.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBonner2010337–339_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBonner2010337–339-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy2004184–185_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedy2004184–185-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESourdel1970132–134_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESourdel1970132–134-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After al-Muktafi's death, <a href="/wiki/Al-Muqtadir" title="Al-Muqtadir">al-Muqtadir</a> came to the throne. He came to the throne at the age of 13, the youngest Caliph in Abbasid history. Al-Muqtadir's long reign (908–932) had brought the Abbasids to their lowest ebb, in which most of Northern Africa was lost. Mosul had thrown off its dependence and the Greeks could make raids at pleasure along the poorly protected borders. Yet in the East formal recognition of the Caliphate remained in place, even by those who virtually claimed their independence; and nearer home, the Carmathians had been for the time put down. </p><p>After Al-Muqtadir's death, al-Qahir came to power in 932. He ruled for two years until he was pressured to abdicate in favour of Al-Muqtadir's nominated heir <a href="/wiki/Al-Radi" title="Al-Radi">al-Radi</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 932–940</span>). When He refused to abdicate, he was blinded and cast into prison.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZetterstéen1987627_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZetterstéen1987627-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESourdel1978424_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESourdel1978424-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to al-Mas'udi, al-Radi "kept news of him hidden", so that he vanished from common knowledge.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMasudi2010386_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMasudi2010386-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was not freed until eleven years later, when <a href="/wiki/Al-Mustakfi" title="Al-Mustakfi">al-Mustakfi</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 944–946</span>) came to the throne and discovered him locked away in a remote room in the palace.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESourdel1978424_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESourdel1978424-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMasudi2010386_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMasudi2010386-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Al-Radi" title="Al-Radi">Al-Radi</a>'s reign marked the end of the Caliph's political power and the rise of military strongmen, who competed for the title of Amir al-umara. Al-Radi is commonly spoken of as the last of the real Caliphs: the last to deliver orations at the Friday service, to hold assemblies with philosophers to discuss the questions of the day, or to take counsel on the affairs of State; the last to distribute largess among the needy, or to interpose to temper the severity of cruel officers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_Abbasid_era_(936–1258)"><span id="Later_Abbasid_era_.28936.E2.80.931258.29"></span>Later Abbasid era (936–1258)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abbasid_dynasty&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Later Abbasid era (936–1258)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Al-Muttaqi" title="Al-Muttaqi">Al-Muttaqi</a> and his successors were all considered as <i>later</i> Abbasids. <a href="/wiki/Al-Muti" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Muti">Al-Muti</a> was a weak figure, for all intents and purposes a <a href="/wiki/Puppet_ruler" title="Puppet ruler">puppet ruler</a> of the Buyid <a href="/wiki/Amir_al-umara" title="Amir al-umara">emir</a>, first Mu'izz al-Dawla, and then his son, <a href="/wiki/Izz_al-Dawla" title="Izz al-Dawla">Izz al-Dawla</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 967–978</span>). As a result of his lack of real power, al-Muti' himself barely figures in the chronicles of his reign, and medieval historians generally considered his period as the lowest ebb of the Abbasid caliphate,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZetterstéenBosworth1993799_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZetterstéenBosworth1993799-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> an opinion shared by modern scholars as well.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHanne2007101_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHanne2007101-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> al-Muti was succeeded by his son <a href="/wiki/Al-Ta%27i" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Ta'i">al-Ta'i</a> who made attempts to restore his political authority until he was deposed by <a href="/wiki/Baha_al-Dawla" title="Baha al-Dawla">Baha al-Dawla</a>. He was succeeded by his cousin <a href="/wiki/Al-Qadir" title="Al-Qadir">al-Qadir</a>, in his long reign, al-Qadir was successful in restoration his political authority in Baghdad and its surrounding territory. He was succeeded by his son <a href="/wiki/Al-Qa%27im_(Abbasid_caliph_at_Baghdad)" title="Al-Qa'im (Abbasid caliph at Baghdad)">al-Qa'im</a>, and it was during his reign that the Buyids were replaced by the <a href="/wiki/Seljuk_dynasty" title="Seljuk dynasty">Seljuks</a>. The Abbasids continued their partnership with the Seljuks until the reign of <a href="/wiki/Al-Muqtafi" title="Al-Muqtafi">al-Muqtafi</a>. Then Abbasid continued to rule Iraq directly without disturbance until <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Baghdad_(1258)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Baghdad (1258)">Mongol Invasion in 1258</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Caliphate_of_Cairo">Caliphate of Cairo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abbasid_dynasty&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Caliphate of Cairo"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Mamluk_Sultanate" title="Mamluk Sultanate">Mamluk Sultanate</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Mamluk_Sultanate_(Cairo)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo)">Mamluk Sultans</a> of Egypt and Syria later appointed an Abbasid prince as Caliph of <a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a>, but these Mamluk Abbasid Caliphs were marginalized and merely symbolic, with no temporal power and little religious influence. The Cairo Abbasids were largely ceremonial Caliphs under the patronage of the Mamluk Sultanate that existed after the takeover of the <a href="/wiki/Ayyubids" class="mw-redirect" title="Ayyubids">Ayyubids</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Even though they kept the title for about 250 years more, other than installing the Sultan in ceremonies, these Caliphs had little importance. After the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman%E2%80%93Mamluk_War_(1516%E2%80%931517)" title="Ottoman–Mamluk War (1516–1517)">Ottomans conquered Egypt</a> in 1517, the Caliph of Cairo, <a href="/wiki/Al-Mutawakkil_III" title="Al-Mutawakkil III">al-Mutawakkil III</a> was transported to <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a>. </p><p>Centuries later, a tradition developed saying that, at this time, al-Mutawakkil III formally surrendered the title of caliph as well as its outward emblems—the <a href="/wiki/Relics_of_Muhammad" title="Relics of Muhammad">sword and mantle</a> of <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a>—to the Ottoman Sultan <a href="/wiki/Selim_I" title="Selim I">Selim I</a>, establishing the Ottoman sultans as the new <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Caliphate" title="Ottoman Caliphate">caliphal line</a>. Some historians have noted that this story does not appear in the literature until the 1780s, suggesting that it was advanced to bolster the claims of caliphal jurisdiction over Muslims outside the empire, as asserted in the 1774 <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_K%C3%BC%C3%A7%C3%BCk_Kaynarca" title="Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca">Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family_tree">Family tree</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abbasid_dynasty&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Family tree"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="collapsible expanded" style="margin: 0.3em auto auto; clear:none; min-width:100%; width:100%; font-size:85%; border:1px solid #aaa"> <tbody><tr> <th style="padding:0.2em 0.3em 0.2em 4.3em;background:none; color: inherit; width:100%"><b><a href="/wiki/Abbasids" class="mw-redirect" title="Abbasids">Abbasids</a></b> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center"> <table style="vertical-align:top"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="100%" style="text-align:left"> <p><span style="display:inline-block;border:1.62px solid black; background-color:LightGray; border-width:3px;vertical-align:text-top;" title="{{{1}}}"><span class="mw-no-invert" style="display:block;padding:0;width:1em;height:1em;background:{{{1}}};color:inherit;"> </span></span> <a href="/wiki/Caliph" class="mw-redirect" title="Caliph">Caliphs</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Abbasid_Caliphate" title="Abbasid Caliphate">Abbasid Caliphate</a><br /> <span style="display:inline-block;border:1.62px solid yellow; background-color:YellowGreen; border-width:3px;vertical-align:text-top;" title="{{{1}}}"><span class="mw-no-invert" style="display:block;padding:0;width:1em;height:1em;background:{{{1}}};color:inherit;"> </span></span> <a href="/wiki/Caliph" class="mw-redirect" title="Caliph">Caliphs</a> of <a href="/wiki/Mamluk_Sultanate" title="Mamluk Sultanate">Cairo</a> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="border-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate; margin: 0 auto; font-size:100%"> <tbody><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color:DarkOliveGreen; background-color:#E5E5E5; border-width:3px"><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Muttalib" title="Abd al-Muttalib"><b>ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib</b><br />ibn</a> <a href="/wiki/Hashim_ibn_Abd_Manaf" title="Hashim ibn Abd Manaf">ʿHāshīm</a></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color:Turquoise; background-color: HoneyDew; border-width:2px"><b><a href="/wiki/Abu_Talib_ibn_Abd_al-Muttalib" title="Abu Talib ibn Abd al-Muttalib">ʾAbū Ṭālib</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Muttalib" title="Abd al-Muttalib"><br />ibn ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color:Gray; background-color:#E0E0E0; border-width:1px"><a href="/wiki/Abbas_ibn_Abd_al-Muttalib" title="Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib">Abū'l-Fādl<br /><b>al-ʿAbbās</b> ibn<br />ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color:DarkOliveGreen; background-color: HoneyDew; border-width:2px"><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_ibn_Abd_al-Muttalib" title="Abdullah ibn Abd al-Muttalib"><b>ʿAbd Allāh</b> ibn<br />ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib</a></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color:DarkTurquoise; background-color:Cyan; border-width:4px"><b><a href="/wiki/Ali" title="Ali">ʿAlīyyū'l-Murtaḍžā</a></b><br /><sup><a href="/wiki/Imamah_(Shia_doctrine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Imamah (Shia doctrine)">(1st Imām of</a> <a href="/wiki/Kaysaniyya" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaysaniyya">Kaysāniyyā</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zaydiyya" class="mw-redirect" title="Zaydiyya">Zaydīyyā</a>, <a href="/wiki/Imamiyya" class="mw-redirect" title="Imamiyya">Imāmiyyā)</a></sup></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color:Gray; background-color:LightGray; border-width:1px"><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Abbas" title="Ibn Abbas">Hibr al-Ummah<br />ʿAbd Allāh<br /><b>ibn al-ʿAbbās</b></a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color:DarkGreen; background-color:Aquamarine; border-width:4px"><a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Khātam<br />al-Nabiyyin<br />Abū'l-Qāsīm<br /><b>Muḥammad</b><br />ibn ʿAbd Allāh</a></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color: Turquoise; background-color:LightCyan; border-width:3px"><a href="/wiki/Hasan_al-mujtaba" class="mw-redirect" title="Hasan al-mujtaba"><b>Al-Ḥasan al-Mujtabā</b></a><br /><sup><a href="/wiki/Imamah_(Shia_doctrine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Imamah (Shia doctrine)">(2nd Imām of</a> <a href="/wiki/Kaysaniyya" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaysaniyya">Kaysāniyyā</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zaydiyya" class="mw-redirect" title="Zaydiyya">Zaydīyyā</a>, <a href="/wiki/Imamiyya" class="mw-redirect" title="Imamiyya">Imāmiyyā)</a></sup></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color:Aqua; background-color:LightCyan; border-width:3px"><a href="/wiki/Hussein_ibn_Ali" class="mw-redirect" title="Hussein ibn Ali"><b>Hussayn ibn Ali</b></a><br /><sup><a href="/wiki/Imamah_(Shia_doctrine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Imamah (Shia doctrine)">(3rd Imām of</a> <a href="/wiki/Kaysaniyya" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaysaniyya">Kaysāniyyā</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zaydiyya" class="mw-redirect" title="Zaydiyya">Zaydīyyā</a>, <a href="/wiki/Imamiyya" class="mw-redirect" title="Imamiyya">Imāmiyyā)</a></sup></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color:Gray; background-color: PowderBlue; border-width:4px"><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_al-Hanafiyya" title="Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyya">Abū'l-Qāsīm <b>Muḥammad</b></a><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Banu_Hanifa" title="Banu Hanifa">al-Hānafīyya</a></b><br /><sup><a href="/wiki/Imamah_(Shia_doctrine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Imamah (Shia doctrine)">(4th Imām of</a> <a href="/wiki/Kaysaniyya" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaysaniyya">Kaysāniyyā)</a></sup></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color:Gray; background-color:LightGray; border-width:2px"><a href="/wiki/Ali_ibn_Abd_Allah_ibn_al-Abbas" title="Ali ibn Abd Allah ibn al-Abbas"><b>ʿAlī</b> ibn<br />ʿAbd Allāh<br /><b>al-Sajjad</b></a></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px dashed;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px dashed;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color: Turquoise; background-color:LightCyan; border-width:2px"><a href="/wiki/Hasan_ibn_Hasan" title="Hasan ibn Hasan"><b>Al-Ḥasan al-Mu'thannā</b></a><br /><sup><a href="/wiki/Imamate_in_Zaydi_doctrine" title="Imamate in Zaydi doctrine">(5th Imām of</a> <a href="/wiki/Zaydi" class="mw-redirect" title="Zaydi">Zaydiyyā)</a></sup></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color:Aqua; background-color:LightCyan; border-width:2px"><a href="/wiki/Ali_al-Sajjad" title="Ali al-Sajjad"><b>Ali al-Sajjad</b><br /><i>(Zayn al-ʿĀbidīn)</i></a><br /><sup><a href="/wiki/Imamah_(Shia_doctrine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Imamah (Shia doctrine)">(4th Imām of</a> <a href="/wiki/Zaydiyya" class="mw-redirect" title="Zaydiyya">Zaydiyyā</a>, <a href="/wiki/Imamiyya" class="mw-redirect" title="Imamiyya">Imāmiyyā)</a></sup></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color:Gray; background-color:Lavender; border-width:4px"><a href="/wiki/Abd_Allah_ibn_Muhammad_ibn_al-Hanafiyya" title="Abd Allah ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyya"><b>Abū Hāshīm</b><br />ʿAbd Allāh ibn Muḥammad</a><br /><sup><a href="/wiki/Imamah_(Shia_doctrine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Imamah (Shia doctrine)">(5th Imām of</a> <a href="/wiki/Hashimiyya" class="mw-redirect" title="Hashimiyya">Hāsheemīyyā)</a></sup></td><td style="border-right:1px dashed;border-bottom:1px dashed;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color:Gray; background-color:LightGray; border-width:4px"><b><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Ali_ibn_Abdallah" title="Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Abdallah">Muḥammad<br />"al-Imām"</a><br /><sup>(6th <a href="/wiki/Imamah_(Shia_doctrine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Imamah (Shia doctrine)">Imām</a> of <a href="/wiki/Hashimiyya" class="mw-redirect" title="Hashimiyya">Hāsheemīyyā</a>)</sup><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">716/7 - 743</span></b></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color:Black; background-color:GhostWhite; border-width:1px"><a href="/wiki/Abd_Allah_ibn_Ali" title="Abd Allah ibn Ali">ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAlī</a><br /><sup>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Damascus" title="List of rulers of Damascus">Governor</a> of <a href="/wiki/Bilad_al-Sham" title="Bilad al-Sham">Syria</a>)</sup><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">750–754</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color:Black; background-color:GhostWhite; border-width:1px"><a href="/wiki/Salih_ibn_Ali" title="Salih ibn Ali">Ṣāliḥ ibn ʿAlī</a><br /><sup>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Islamic_Egypt" title="List of rulers of Islamic Egypt">Governor of Egypt</a>)</sup><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">750–751</span></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px dashed;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color: Turquoise; background-color:LightCyan; border-width:2px"><a href="/wiki/Abd_Allah_al-Mahd" title="Abd Allah al-Mahd"><b>ʿAbd Allāh al-Kāmīl ibn al-Ḥasan al-Mu'thannā</b></a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color:Aqua; background-color:LightCyan; border-width:2px"><b><a href="/wiki/Zayd_ibn_Ali" title="Zayd ibn Ali">Zayd ibn Ali</a></b><br /><sup><a href="/wiki/Imamate_in_Zaydi_doctrine" title="Imamate in Zaydi doctrine">(6th Imām of</a> <a href="/wiki/Zaydiyya" class="mw-redirect" title="Zaydiyya">Zaydiyyā)</a></sup></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px dashed;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color:Gray; background-color:LightGray; border-width:4px"><b><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_al-Imam" title="Ibrahim al-Imam">Ibrāhim <i>(Ebrāheem)</i><br />"al-Imām"</a><br /><sup>(7th <a href="/wiki/Imamah_(Shia_doctrine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Imamah (Shia doctrine)">Imām</a> of <a href="/wiki/Hashimiyya" class="mw-redirect" title="Hashimiyya">Hāsheemīyyā</a>)</sup><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">743 - 749</span></b></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color:Black; background-color:LightGray; border-width:3px"><b><a href="/wiki/Al-Mansur" title="Al-Mansur">Abū Jāʿfar<br />ʿAbd Allāh<br />al-Mānṣūr</a></b><br /><sup>(2)</sup><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">r. 754–775</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color:Black; background-color:LightGray; border-width:3px"><b><a href="/wiki/Al-Saffah" title="Al-Saffah">Abū'l-ʿAbbās<br />ʿAbd Allāh<br />as-Saffāh</a></b><br /><sup>(1)</sup><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">r. 750–754</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color:Black; background-color:TrafficWhite; border-width:1px">Mūsā ibn <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Ali_ibn_Abdallah" title="Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Abdallah">Muḥammad "al-Imām"</a></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px dashed;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color:DarkBlue; background-color:Turquoise; border-width:4px"><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_al-Nafs_al-Zakiyya" title="Muhammad al-Nafs al-Zakiyya"><b>Nafsū'zZakiyya</b></a><br /><sup>(First elected caliph by <a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_al-Imam" title="Ibrahim al-Imam">Ibrāhim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al-Mansur" title="Al-Mansur">Mānṣūr</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al-Saffah" title="Al-Saffah">Saffāh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malik_ibn_Anas" title="Malik ibn Anas">Imām Mālīk</a> <a href="/wiki/Abu_Hanifa" title="Abu Hanifa">& Abū Ḥanīfa</a>)</sup><br /><sup><a href="/wiki/Imamate_in_Zaydi_doctrine" title="Imamate in Zaydi doctrine">(8th Imām of</a> <a href="/wiki/Zaydi" class="mw-redirect" title="Zaydi">Zaydiyyā)</a></sup></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color:Aqua; background-color:LightCyan; border-width:2px"><b><a href="/wiki/Yahya_ibn_Zayd" title="Yahya ibn Zayd">Yahya ibn Zayd</a></b><br /><sup><a href="/wiki/Imamate_in_Zaydi_doctrine" title="Imamate in Zaydi doctrine">(7th Imām of</a> <a href="/wiki/Zaydi" class="mw-redirect" title="Zaydi">Zaydiyyā)</a></sup></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px dashed;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color:DarkTurquoise; background-color:MintCream; border-width:1px"><a href="/wiki/Abu_Muslim" title="Abu Muslim">Abū Muslīm al-Khurāsānī</a><br /><sup>(<a href="/wiki/Governor" title="Governor">Governor</a> of <a href="/wiki/Khurasan" class="mw-redirect" title="Khurasan">Khurasan</a>)</sup><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">748–755</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color:Black; background-color:LightGray; border-width:3px"><b><a href="/wiki/Al-Mahdi" title="Al-Mahdi">Muḥammad<br />al-Mahdī</a></b><br /><sup>(3)</sup><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">r. 775–785</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color:Black; background-color:WhiteSmoke; border-width:1px"><a href="/wiki/Ja%27far_ibn_Abdallah_al-Mansur" title="Ja'far ibn Abdallah al-Mansur">Jāʿfar</a><br /><sup>(<a href="/wiki/Wali_al-Ahd" title="Wali al-Ahd">Wali al-Ahd</a> & <a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Mosul" title="List of rulers of Mosul">Governor of Mosul</a>)</sup><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">762–764</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color:Black; background-color:GhostWhite; border-width:1px"><a href="/wiki/Isa_ibn_Musa" title="Isa ibn Musa">ʿĪsā ibn Mūsā</a><br /><sup>(<a href="/wiki/Governor" title="Governor">Governor</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kufa" title="Kufa">Kufa</a>)</sup><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">750–765</span></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color:DarkBlue; background-color:LightCyan; border-width:2px"><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_Shah_Ghazi" title="Abdullah Shah Ghazi"><b>ʿAbd Allāh<br />Shāh Ghāzī</b><br /><i>(ʿAbd Allāh ibn Muḥammad)</i></a><br /><sup><a href="/wiki/Imamate_in_Zaydi_doctrine" title="Imamate in Zaydi doctrine">(10th Imām of</a> <a href="/wiki/Zaydi" class="mw-redirect" title="Zaydi">Zaydiyyā)</a></sup></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color: Turquoise; background-color:LightCyan; border-width:2px"><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_ibn_Abdallah" title="Ibrahim ibn Abdallah"><b>Ibrāhīm ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Kāmīl ibn al-Ḥasan al-Mu'thannā</b></a><br /><sup><a href="/wiki/Hasan_ibn_Ali" title="Hasan ibn Ali">ibn Ḥasan al-Mujtabā</a></sup><br /><sup><a href="/wiki/Imamate_in_Zaydi_doctrine" title="Imamate in Zaydi doctrine">(9th Imām of</a> <a href="/wiki/Zaydi" class="mw-redirect" title="Zaydi">Zaydiyyā)</a></sup></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px dashed;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color: Aquamarine; background-color:LightCyan; border-width:2px"><a href="/wiki/Al-Husayn_ibn_Ali_al-Abid" title="Al-Husayn ibn Ali al-Abid"><b>Al-Ḥusayn ibn ʿAlī al-ʿĀbid ibn al-Ḥasan al-Mu'thallath</b></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Hasan_ibn_Hasan" title="Hasan ibn Hasan"><sup>ibn Ḥasan al-Mu'thannā</sup></a><br /><sup><a href="/wiki/Imamate_in_Zaydi_doctrine" title="Imamate in Zaydi doctrine">(12th Imām of</a> <a href="/wiki/Zaydi" class="mw-redirect" title="Zaydi">Zaydiyyā)</a></sup></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color:Black; background-color:LightGray; border-width:3px"><b><a href="/wiki/Harun_al-Rashid" title="Harun al-Rashid">Hārūn<br />ar-Rāshīd</a></b><br /><sup>(5)</sup><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">r. 786–809</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color:Black; background-color:LightGray; border-width:3px"><b><a href="/wiki/Al-Hadi" title="Al-Hadi">ʿMūsā<br />al-Hādī</a></b><br /><sup>(4)</sup><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">r. 785–786</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color:Black; background-color:GhostWhite; border-width:1px"><sup><a href="/wiki/Governor" title="Governor">(The Governors)</a></sup> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Musa_ibn_Isa_ibn_Musa_al-Hashimi" title="Musa ibn Isa ibn Musa al-Hashimi">Mūsā</a> <sup>(<a href="/wiki/Kufa" title="Kufa">Kufa</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Islamic_Egypt" title="List of rulers of Islamic Egypt">Egypt</a> & <a href="/wiki/List_of_caliphal_governors_of_Medina" title="List of caliphal governors of Medina">Medina</a>)</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isma%27il_ibn_Isa_ibn_Musa_al-Hashimi" title="Isma'il ibn Isa ibn Musa al-Hashimi">Ismā'īl</a><br /><sup>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Islamic_Egypt" title="List of rulers of Islamic Egypt">Egypt</a>)</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawud_ibn_Isa_ibn_Musa_al-Hashimi" title="Dawud ibn Isa ibn Musa al-Hashimi">Dā'wūd</a></li></ul> </div> <sup>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_caliphal_governors_of_Medina" title="List of caliphal governors of Medina">Medina</a>)</sup></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color:DarkOliveGreen; background-color:LightCyan; border-width:1px"><b>Ibrāhīm Ṭabāṭabā</b><br /><sup>ibn Ismāʿīl al-Dībādj ibn Ibrāhīm al-Ghamr ibn<br /><a href="/wiki/Hasan_ibn_Hasan" title="Hasan ibn Hasan">al-Ḥasan al-Mu'thannā</a></sup></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color:Black; background-color:LightGray; border-width:3px"><b><a href="/wiki/Al-Mu%27tasim" title="Al-Mu'tasim">Muḥammad<br />al-Mu'tasim</a></b><br /><sup>(8)</sup><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">r. 833–842</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color:Black; background-color:LightGray; border-width:3px"><b><a href="/wiki/Al-Ma%27mun" title="Al-Ma'mun">Abd Allāh<br />al-Ma'mun</a></b><br /><sup>(7)</sup><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">r. 813–833</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color:Black; background-color:LightGray; border-width:3px"><b><a href="/wiki/Al-Amin" title="Al-Amin">Muḥammad<br />al-Amin</a></b><br /><sup>(6)</sup><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">r. 809–813</span></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color: Turquoise; background-color:LightCyan; border-width:2px"><a href="/wiki/Yahya_ibn_Abdallah" title="Yahya ibn Abdallah"><b>Yaḥyā ibn ʿAbd Allāh</b></a><br /><sup><a href="/wiki/Imamate_in_Zaydi_doctrine" title="Imamate in Zaydi doctrine">(14th Imām of</a> <a href="/wiki/Zaydi" class="mw-redirect" title="Zaydi">Zaydiyyā)</a></sup></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color:RoyalBlue; background-color:LightCyan; border-width:3px"><a href="/wiki/Idris_I_of_Morocco" title="Idris I of Morocco"><b>Idrīs the Elder ibn ʿAbd Allāh</b></a><br /><sup>(<a href="/wiki/Idrisid" class="mw-redirect" title="Idrisid">Idrisid</a> <a href="/wiki/Idris_I_of_Morocco#Genealogy" title="Idris I of Morocco">dynasty of</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Morocco" title="List of rulers of Morocco">Morocco)</a></sup><br /><sup><a href="/wiki/Imamate_in_Zaydi_doctrine" title="Imamate in Zaydi doctrine">(15th Imām of</a> <a href="/wiki/Zaydi" class="mw-redirect" title="Zaydi">Zaydiyyā)</a></sup></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color:DarkOliveGreen; background-color:LightCyan; border-width:2px"><b><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Tabataba" title="Ibn Tabataba">Muḥammad ibn IbrāhīmṬabāṭabā</a></b><br /><sup><a href="/wiki/Imamate_in_Zaydi_doctrine" title="Imamate in Zaydi doctrine">(16th Imām of</a> <a href="/wiki/Zaydi" class="mw-redirect" title="Zaydi">Zaydiyyā)</a></sup></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color:Black; background-color:LightGray; border-width:3px"><b><a href="/wiki/Al-Mutawakkil" title="Al-Mutawakkil">Jāʿfar al-Mutawakkil</a></b><br /><sup>(10)</sup><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">r. 847–861</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color:Black; background-color:WhiteSmoke; border-width:1px"><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_al-Mu%27tasim" title="Muhammad ibn al-Mu'tasim"><b>Muḥammad</b> ibn Muḥammad<br />al-Mu'tasim</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color:Black; background-color:LightGray; border-width:3px"><b><a href="/wiki/Al-Wathiq" title="Al-Wathiq">Hārūn<br />al-Wathiq</a></b><br /><sup>(9)</sup><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">r. 842–847</span></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px dashed;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color: CornFlowerBlue; background-color:LightCyan; border-width:2px"><a href="/wiki/Sulayman_I_of_Tlemcen" title="Sulayman I of Tlemcen"><b>Sulaymān I ibn ʿAbd Allāh</b></a><br /><sup>(<a href="/wiki/Emir" title="Emir">Emir</a> <a href="/wiki/Tlemcen" title="Tlemcen">of Tlemcen</a>)</sup></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px dotted;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color: RoyalBlue; background-color:LightCyan; border-width:3px"><a href="/wiki/Idris_II_of_Morocco" title="Idris II of Morocco"><b>Idrīs ibn Idrīs</b></a><br /><sup><a href="/wiki/Zaydi" class="mw-redirect" title="Zaydi">(2nd Zaydī</a> <a href="/wiki/Imamate_in_Zaydi_doctrine" title="Imamate in Zaydi doctrine">Imām of</a> <a href="/wiki/Idrisid_dynasty#The_dynasty" title="Idrisid dynasty">Idrisids</a> <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">in Morocco)</a></sup></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color:Black; background-color:LightGray; border-width:3px"><b><a href="/wiki/Al-Muntasir" title="Al-Muntasir">Muḥammad<br />al-Muntasir</a></b><br /><sup>(11)</sup><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">r. 861–862</span></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color:Black; background-color:WhiteSmoke; border-width:2px"><a href="/wiki/Al-Muwaffaq" title="Al-Muwaffaq"><b>Ṭalḥa</b> al-Muwaffaq</a><br /><sup>(<a href="/wiki/Regent" title="Regent">Regent</a>)</sup><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">870–891</span></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color:Black; background-color:LightGray; border-width:3px"><b><a href="/wiki/Al-Musta%27in" title="Al-Musta'in">Aḥmad<br />al-Musta'in</a></b><br /><sup>(12)</sup><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">r. 862–866</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color:Black; background-color:LightGray; border-width:3px"><b><a href="/wiki/Al-Muhtadi" title="Al-Muhtadi">Muḥammad<br />al-Muhtadi</a></b><br /><sup>(14)</sup><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">r. 869–870</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color:Navy; background-color:LightCyan; border-width:3px"><b><a href="/wiki/Isma%27il_ibn_Yusuf" title="Isma'il ibn Yusuf">Ismāʿīl ibn Yūsūf</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Banu_Ukhaidhir" title="Banu Ukhaidhir">Al-Ukhayḍhir</a></b><br /><sup>ibn Ibrāhīm ibn Mūsā al-Jawn ibn <a href="/wiki/Abd_Allah_al-Mahd" title="Abd Allah al-Mahd">ʿAbd Allāh al-Kāmīl</a> ibn <a href="/wiki/Hasan_ibn_Hasan" title="Hasan ibn Hasan">Ḥasan al-Mu'thannā</a></sup></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color:DarkOliveGreen; background-color:LightCyan; border-width:2px"><b><a href="/wiki/Al-Qasim_al-Rassi" title="Al-Qasim al-Rassi">Al-Qāsīm<br />ar-Rassī ibn IbrāhīmṬabāṭabā</a></b><br /><sup><a href="/wiki/Imamate_in_Zaydi_doctrine" title="Imamate in Zaydi doctrine">(19th Imām of</a> <a href="/wiki/Zaydi" class="mw-redirect" title="Zaydi">Zaydiyyā)</a></sup></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color:Black; background-color:WhiteSmoke; border-width:1px"><a href="/wiki/Al-Mu%27ayyad" title="Al-Mu'ayyad">Ibrahim al-Mu'ayyad</a><br /><sup>(<a href="/wiki/Wali_al-Ahd" title="Wali al-Ahd">Wali al-Ahd</a> & <a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Damascus" title="List of rulers of Damascus">Governor</a> of <a href="/wiki/Bilad_al-Sham" title="Bilad al-Sham">Syria</a>)</sup><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">850–861</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color:Black; background-color:LightGray; border-width:3px"><b><a href="/wiki/Al-Mu%27tadid" title="Al-Mu'tadid">Aḥmad<br />al-Mu'tadid</a></b><br /><sup>(16)</sup><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">r. 892–902</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color:Black; background-color:LightGray; border-width:3px"><b><a href="/wiki/Al-Mu%27tazz" title="Al-Mu'tazz">Muḥammad<br />al-Mu'tazz</a></b><br /><sup>(13)</sup><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">r. 866–869</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color:Black; background-color:LightGray; border-width:3px"><b><a href="/wiki/Al-Mu%27tamid" title="Al-Mu'tamid">Aḥmad<br />al-Mu'tamid</a></b><br /><sup>(15)</sup><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">r. 870–892</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px dashed;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color:Navy; background-color:LightCyan; border-width:3px"><b>Muḥammad ibn Yūsūf<br /><a href="/wiki/Banu_Ukhaidhir" title="Banu Ukhaidhir">Al-Ukhayḍhir</a></b><br /><sup><a href="/wiki/Zaydi" class="mw-redirect" title="Zaydi">(1st Zaydī</a> <a href="/wiki/Imamate_in_Zaydi_doctrine" title="Imamate in Zaydi doctrine">Imām of</a> <a href="/wiki/Ukhaydhirites" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukhaydhirites">Ukhaydhirites</a> in <a href="/wiki/Najd" title="Najd">Najd</a> and <a href="/wiki/Al-Yamama" title="Al-Yamama">Al-Yamama)</a></sup></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color:DarkOliveGreen; background-color:LightCyan; border-width:3px"><sup>Abūʾl-Ḥusayn<br />Al-Hādī ilāʾl-Ḥaqq</sup><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Al-Hadi_ila%27l-Haqq_Yahya" title="Al-Hadi ila'l-Haqq Yahya">Yaḥyā ibn<br />al-Ḥusayn</a></b><br /><sup><a href="/wiki/Zaydi" class="mw-redirect" title="Zaydi">(1st Zaydī</a> <a href="/wiki/Imamate_in_Zaydi_doctrine" title="Imamate in Zaydi doctrine">Imām of</a> <a href="/wiki/Rassid_dynasty" title="Rassid dynasty">Rassids</a> <a href="/wiki/Imams_of_Yemen#List_of_imams" title="Imams of Yemen">in Yemen)</a></sup></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color:Black; background-color:LightGray; border-width:3px"><b><a href="/wiki/Al-Muktafi" title="Al-Muktafi">ʿAlī<br />al-Muktafī</a></b><br /><sup>(17)</sup><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">r. 902–908</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color:Black; background-color:LightGray; border-width:3px"><b><a href="/wiki/Al-Muqtadir" title="Al-Muqtadir">Jāʿfar<br />al-Muqtadir</a></b><br /><sup>(18)</sup><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">r. 908–929,<br />929–932</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color:Black; background-color:LightGray; border-width:3px"><b><a href="/wiki/Al-Qahir" title="Al-Qahir">Muḥammad<br />al-Qāhir</a></b><br /><sup>(19)</sup><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">r. 929, 932–934</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color:Black; background-color:WhiteSmoke; border-width:1px"><a href="/wiki/Al-Mufawwid" title="Al-Mufawwid">Jāʿfar al-Mufawwid</a><br /><sup>(<a href="/wiki/Wali_al-Ahd" title="Wali al-Ahd">Wali al-Ahd</a>)</sup><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">875–892</span></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color: DeepSkyBlue; background-color:LightCyan; border-width:1px"><b>Zayd</b> ibn <a href="/wiki/Hasan_al-mujtaba" class="mw-redirect" title="Hasan al-mujtaba">al-Ḥasan al-Mujtabā</a> ibn <a href="/wiki/Ali" title="Ali">ʿAlī</a> ibn <a href="/wiki/Abu_Talib_ibn_Abd_al-Muttalib" title="Abu Talib ibn Abd al-Muttalib">Abī Ṭālib</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color:Black; background-color:LightGray; border-width:3px"><b><a href="/wiki/Al-Mustakfi" title="Al-Mustakfi">ʿAbd Allāh<br />al-Mustakfī</a></b><br /><sup>(22)</sup><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">r. 944–946</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color:Black; background-color:LightGray; border-width:3px"><b><a href="/wiki/Al-Muti%27" title="Al-Muti'">Al-Faḍl<br />al-Mutīʿ</a></b><br /><sup>(23)</sup><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">r. 946–974</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color:Black; background-color:WhiteSmoke; border-width:1px"><a href="/wiki/Ishaq_ibn_al-Muqtadir" title="Ishaq ibn al-Muqtadir"><b>Ishāq</b> ibn Jāʿfar al-Muqtadir</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color:Black; background-color:LightGray; border-width:3px"><b><a href="/wiki/Al-Radi" title="Al-Radi">Muḥammad<br />al-Rādī</a></b><br /><sup>(20)</sup><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">r. 934–940</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color:Black; background-color:LightGray; border-width:3px"><b><a href="/wiki/Al-Muttaqi" title="Al-Muttaqi">Ībrāhīm<br />al-Muttaqī</a></b><br /><sup>(21)</sup><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">r. 940–944</span></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color: DeepSkyBlue; background-color:LightCyan; border-width:1px"><a href="/wiki/Hasan_ibn_Zayd_ibn_Hasan" title="Hasan ibn Zayd ibn Hasan"><b>Ḥasan</b></a> ibn Zayd ibn <a href="/wiki/Hasan_al-mujtaba" class="mw-redirect" title="Hasan al-mujtaba">al-Ḥasan al-Mujtabā</a> ibn <a href="/wiki/Ali" title="Ali">ʿAlīyyū'l-Murtaḍžā</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color: DodgerBlue; background-color:LightCyan; border-width:1px"><b>ʿUmar al-Ashraf</b> ibn <a href="/wiki/Ali_ibn_Husayn_Zayn_al-Abidin" class="mw-redirect" title="Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin">ʿAlī Zayn al-ʿĀbidīn</a> ibn <a href="/wiki/Husayn_ibn_Ali" title="Husayn ibn Ali">al-Ḥusayn</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color:Black; background-color:LightGray; border-width:3px"><b><a href="/wiki/Al-Ta%27i%27" title="Al-Ta'i'">ʿAbd al-Karīm<br />al-Ṭāʾiʿ</a></b><br /><sup>(24)</sup><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">r. 974–991</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color:Black; background-color:LightGray; border-width:3px"><b><a href="/wiki/Al-Qadir" title="Al-Qadir">Aḥmad<br />al-Qāʿdīr</a></b><br /><sup>(25)</sup><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">r. 991–1031</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color: DeepSkyBlue; background-color:LightCyan; border-width:1px"><b>Ismāʿīl</b> ibn <a href="/wiki/Hasan_ibn_Zayd_ibn_Hasan" title="Hasan ibn Zayd ibn Hasan">Ḥasan</a> ibn Zayd ibn <a href="/wiki/Hasan_al-mujtaba" class="mw-redirect" title="Hasan al-mujtaba">al-Ḥasan al-Mujtabā</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color:DodgerBlue; background-color:LightCyan; border-width:1px"><b>ʿAlī</b> ibn ʿUmar al-Ashraf ibn <a href="/wiki/Ali_ibn_Husayn_Zayn_al-Abidin" class="mw-redirect" title="Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin">ʿAlī Zayn al-ʿĀbidīn</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color: SteelBlue; background-color:LightCyan; border-width:1px"><b>Al-Ḥusayn Dhu'l-Dam'a</b> ibn <a href="/wiki/Zayd_ibn_Ali" title="Zayd ibn Ali">Zayd</a> ibn <a href="/wiki/Ali_ibn_Husayn_Zayn_al-Abidin" class="mw-redirect" title="Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin">ʿAlī Zayn al-ʿĀbidīn</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color:Black; background-color:LightGray; border-width:3px"><b><a href="/wiki/Al-Qa%27im_(Abbasid_caliph_at_Baghdad)" title="Al-Qa'im (Abbasid caliph at Baghdad)">ʿAbd Allāh<br />al-Qāʿīm</a></b><br /><sup>(26)</sup><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">r. 1031–1075</span></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color: DeepSkyBlue; background-color:LightCyan; border-width:1px"><b>Muḥammad</b> ibn Ismāʿīl ibn <a href="/wiki/Hasan_ibn_Zayd_ibn_Hasan" title="Hasan ibn Zayd ibn Hasan">Ḥasan</a> ibn Zayd</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color:DodgerBlue; background-color:LightCyan; border-width:1px"><b>Al-Ḥasan</b> ibn ʿAlī ibn ʿUmar al-Ashraf</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color: SteelBlue; background-color:LightCyan; border-width:1px"><b>Yaḥyā</b> ibn al-Ḥusayn Dhu'l-Dam'a ibn <a href="/wiki/Zayd_ibn_Ali" title="Zayd ibn Ali">Zayd</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color:Black; background-color:WhiteSmoke; border-width:1px"><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_al-Qa%27im" title="Muhammad ibn al-Qa'im"><b>Muḥammad</b> Dhakīrat ad-Dīn</a><br /><sup>(<a href="/wiki/Wali_al-Ahd" title="Wali al-Ahd">Wali al-Ahd</a>)</sup><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">1039–1056</span></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color: DeepSkyBlue; background-color:LightCyan; border-width:1px"><b>Zayd</b> ibn Muḥammad ibn Ismāʿīl ibn <a href="/wiki/Hasan_ibn_Zayd_ibn_Hasan" title="Hasan ibn Zayd ibn Hasan">Ḥasan</a></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color:DodgerBlue; background-color:LightCyan; border-width:1px"><b>ʿAlī</b> ibn al-Ḥasan ibn ʿAlī ibn ʿUmar al-Ashraf</td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color: SteelBlue; background-color:LightCyan; border-width:1px"><b>ʿUmar</b> ibn Yaḥyā ibn al-Ḥusayn Dhu'l-Dam'a</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color:Black; background-color:LightGray; border-width:3px"><b><a href="/wiki/Al-Muqtadi" title="Al-Muqtadi">ʿAbd Allāh<br />al-Mūqtādī</a></b><br /><sup>(27)</sup><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">r. 1075–1094</span></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color: DeepSkyBlue; background-color:LightCyan; border-width:3px"><sup>Al-Dāʿī al-Kabīr</sup><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Hasan_ibn_Zayd" title="Hasan ibn Zayd">Hasan ibn Zayd</a></b><br /><sup><a href="/wiki/Zaydi" class="mw-redirect" title="Zaydi">(1st Zaydī</a> <a href="/wiki/Imamate_in_Zaydi_doctrine" title="Imamate in Zaydi doctrine">Imām of</a> <a href="/wiki/Zaydids" class="mw-redirect" title="Zaydids">Zaydīds</a> <a href="/wiki/Tabaristan" title="Tabaristan">in Tabaristan)</a></sup></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color: DeepSkyBlue; background-color:LightCyan; border-width:3px"><sup>Al-Dāʿī al-Ṣaghīr</sup><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Zayd" title="Muhammad ibn Zayd">Muhammad ibn Zayd</a></b><br /><sup><a href="/wiki/Zaydi" class="mw-redirect" title="Zaydi">(2nd Zaydī</a> <a href="/wiki/Imamate_in_Zaydi_doctrine" title="Imamate in Zaydi doctrine">Imām of</a> <a href="/wiki/Zaydids" class="mw-redirect" title="Zaydids">Zaydīds</a> <a href="/wiki/Tabaristan" title="Tabaristan">in Tabaristan)</a></sup></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color: SteelBlue; background-color:LightCyan; border-width:2px"><b><a href="/wiki/Yahya_ibn_Umar" title="Yahya ibn Umar">Yaḥyā ibn ʿUmar</a></b><br /><sup><a href="/wiki/Imamate_in_Zaydi_doctrine" title="Imamate in Zaydi doctrine">(20th Imām of</a> <a href="/wiki/Zaydism#Imams_of_Zaidis" title="Zaydism">Zaydiyyā</a> <a href="/wiki/Samarra" title="Samarra">in Samarra)</a></sup></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color:Black; background-color:LightGray; border-width:3px"><b><a href="/wiki/Al-Mustazhir" title="Al-Mustazhir">Aḥmad<br />al-Mūstāzhīr</a></b><br /><sup>(28)</sup><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">r. 1094–1118</span></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px dashed;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px dashed;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px dashed;border-bottom:1px dashed;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color: DodgerBlue; background-color:LightCyan; border-width:3px"><sup>Al-Nāṣir liʾl-Ḥāqq</sup><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Hasan_al-Utrush" title="Hasan al-Utrush">Hasan al-Utrush</a></b><br /><sup><a href="/wiki/Zaydi" class="mw-redirect" title="Zaydi">(3rd Zaydī</a> <a href="/wiki/Imamate_in_Zaydi_doctrine" title="Imamate in Zaydi doctrine">Imām of</a> <a href="/wiki/Zaydids" class="mw-redirect" title="Zaydids">Zaydīds</a> <a href="/wiki/Tabaristan" title="Tabaristan">in Tabaristan)</a></sup></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color:Black; background-color:LightGray; border-width:3px"><b><a href="/wiki/Al-Mustarshid" title="Al-Mustarshid">Al-Faḍl al-Mūstārshīd</a></b><br /><sup>(29)</sup><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">r. 1118–1135</span></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color:Black; background-color:LightGray; border-width:3px"><b><a href="/wiki/Al-Rashid_Billah" title="Al-Rashid Billah">Al-Mānṣūr<br />al-Rāshīd</a></b><br /><sup>(30)</sup><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">r. 1135–1136</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color:Black; background-color:LightGray; border-width:3px"><b><a href="/wiki/Al-Muqtafi" title="Al-Muqtafi">Muḥammad<br />al-Mūqtāfī</a></b><br /><sup>(31)</sup><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">r. 1136–1160</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color:Black; background-color:Snow; border-width:1px">Alī ibn al-Faḍl<br />al-Qabī</td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color:Black; background-color:LightGray; border-width:3px"><b><a href="/wiki/Al-Mustanjid" title="Al-Mustanjid">Yūsuf<br />al-Mūstānjīd</a></b><br /><sup>(32)</sup><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">r. 1160–1170</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color:Black; background-color:Snow; border-width:1px">al-Hāsān<br />ibn Alī</td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color:Black; background-color:LightGray; border-width:3px"><b><a href="/wiki/Al-Mustadi" title="Al-Mustadi">Al-Hāssān<br />al-Mūstādī'</a></b><br /><sup>(33)</sup><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">r. 1170–1180</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color:Black; background-color:Snow; border-width:1px">Abū Bakr<br />ibn al-Hāsān</td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color:Black; background-color:LightGray; border-width:3px"><b><a href="/wiki/Al-Nasir" title="Al-Nasir">Aḥmad<br />al-Nāsīr</a></b><br /><sup>(34)</sup><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">r. 1180–1225</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color:Black; background-color:Snow; border-width:1px">Abi 'Alī al-Hāsān ibn Abū Bakr</td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color:Black; background-color:LightGray; border-width:3px"><b><a href="/wiki/Al-Zahir_bi-Amr_Allah" title="Al-Zahir bi-Amr Allah">Muḥammad<br />az-Zāhīr</a></b><br /><sup>(35)</sup><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">r. 1225–1226</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color:DarkGoldenRod; background-color:Khaki; border-width:3px"><b><a href="/wiki/Baybars" title="Baybars">Malīka'zZāhīr Rūkn ad-Dīn Baybars</a></b><br /><sup>(<a href="/wiki/Mamluk_Sultanate" title="Mamluk Sultanate">Mamluk Sultanate</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Mamluk_sultans" title="List of Mamluk sultans">Sultan</a> <a href="/wiki/Sultan_of_Egypt" title="Sultan of Egypt">of Egypt</a>)</sup><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">r. 1260–1277</span></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px dashed;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px dashed;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color:Black; background-color:LightGray; border-width:3px"><b><a href="/wiki/Al-Mustansir_I" title="Al-Mustansir I">Al-Mānsūr<br />al-Mūstānsīr</a></b><br /><sup>(36)</sup><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">r. 1226–1242</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color:yellow; background-color:YellowGreen; border-width:3px"><b>Abū'l-Qāsim Aḥmad<br /><a href="/wiki/Al-Mustansir_II" title="Al-Mustansir II">al-Mūstānsīr</a></b><br /><sup>(1)</sup><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">r. 1261</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color:yellow; background-color:YellowGreen; border-width:3px"><b>Abū'l-ʿAbbās Aḥmad<br /><a href="/wiki/Al-Hakim_I" title="Al-Hakim I">al-Hakim I</a></b><br /><sup>(2)</sup><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">r. 1262–1302</span></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color:Black; background-color:LightGray; border-width:3px"><b><a href="/wiki/Al-Musta%27sim" title="Al-Musta'sim">ʿAbd Allāh<br />al-Mūstā'sīm</a></b><br /><sup>(37)</sup><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">r. 1242–1258</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color:yellow; background-color:YellowGreen; border-width:3px"><b>Abū'r-Rabīʿ Sulaymān<br /><a href="/wiki/Al-Mustakfi_I_(Cairo)" title="Al-Mustakfi I (Cairo)">al-Mustakfī I</a></b><br /><sup>(3)</sup><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">r. 1302–1340</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color:yellow; background-color:GoldenRod;border-width:2px">Aḥmad ibn Aḥmad<br /><a href="/wiki/Al-Hakim_I" title="Al-Hakim I">al-Ḥākim bi-amr Allāh</a></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color:yellow; background-color:YellowGreen; border-width:3px"><b>Abū'l-ʿAbbās Aḥmad<br /><a href="/wiki/Al-Hakim_II" title="Al-Hakim II">al-Hakim II</a></b><br /><sup>(5)</sup><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">r. 1341–1352</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color:yellow; background-color:YellowGreen; border-width:3px"><b>Abū'l-Fatḥ Abū Bakr<br /><a href="/wiki/Al-Mu%27tadid_I" title="Al-Mu'tadid I">al-Mu'tadid I</a></b><br /><sup>(6)</sup><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">r. 1352–1362</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color:yellow; background-color:YellowGreen; border-width:3px"><b>Abū Isḥāq Ibrāhīm<br /><a href="/wiki/Al-Wathiq_I" title="Al-Wathiq I">al-Wāṯiq I</a></b><br /><sup>(4)</sup><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">r. 1340–1341</span></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color:yellow; background-color:YellowGreen; border-width:3px"><b>Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad<br /><a href="/wiki/Al-Mutawakkil_I" title="Al-Mutawakkil I">al-Mutawakkil I</a></b><br /><sup>(7)</sup><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">r. 1362–1377,<br />1377–1383,<br />1389–1406</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color:yellow; background-color:YellowGreen; border-width:3px"><b>Abū Yāḥyā Zakariyāʾ<br /><a href="/wiki/Al-Musta%27sim_(Cairo)" title="Al-Musta'sim (Cairo)">al-Musta'sim</a></b><br /><sup>(8)</sup><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">r. 1377,<br />1386–1389</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color:yellow; background-color:YellowGreen; border-width:3px"><b>Abū Ḥafs ʿUmar<br /><a href="/wiki/Al-Wathiq_II" title="Al-Wathiq II">al-Wāṯiq II</a></b><br /><sup>(9)</sup><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">r. 1383–1386</span></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color:yellow; background-color:YellowGreen; border-width:3px"><b>Abū'l-Faḍl al-ʿAbbās<br /><a href="/wiki/Al-Musta%27in_(Cairo)" title="Al-Musta'in (Cairo)">al-Musta'īn</a></b><br /><sup>(10)</sup><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">r. 1406–1414<br /><i><a href="/wiki/Sultan_of_Egypt" title="Sultan of Egypt">Sultan of Egypt</a></i><br />r. 1412</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color:yellow; background-color:YellowGreen; border-width:3px"><b>Abū'l-Fatḥ Dāwud<br /><a href="/wiki/Al-Mu%27tadid_II" title="Al-Mu'tadid II">al-Mu'tadīd II</a></b><br /><sup>(11)</sup><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">r. 1414–1441</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color:yellow; background-color:YellowGreen; border-width:3px"><b>Abū'r-Rabīʿ Sulaymān<br /><a href="/wiki/Al-Mustakfi_II" title="Al-Mustakfi II">al-Mustakfī II</a></b><br /><sup>(12)</sup><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">r. 1441–1451</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color:yellow; background-color:GoldenRod; border-width:2px">Yaʿqūb ibn Muḥammad<br /><a href="/wiki/Al-Mutawakkil_I" title="Al-Mutawakkil I">al-Mutawakkil ʿalā'Llāh</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color:yellow; background-color:YellowGreen; border-width:3px"><b>Abū'l-Baqāʾ Ḥamza<br /><a href="/wiki/Al-Qa%27im_(Abbasid_caliph_at_Cairo)" title="Al-Qa'im (Abbasid caliph at Cairo)">al-Qāʾim</a></b><br /><sup>(13)</sup><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">r. 1451–1455</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color:yellow; background-color:YellowGreen; border-width:3px"><b>Abū'l-Maḥāsin Yūsuf<br /><a href="/wiki/Al-Mustanjid_(Cairo)" title="Al-Mustanjid (Cairo)">al-Mustanjid</a></b><br /><sup>(14)</sup><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">r. 1455–1479</span></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color:yellow; background-color:YellowGreen; border-width:3px"><b>Abū'l-ʿIzz ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz<br /><a href="/wiki/Al-Mutawakkil_II" title="Al-Mutawakkil II">al-Mutawakkil II</a></b><br /><sup>(15)</sup><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">r. 1479–1497</span></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color:yellow; background-color:YellowGreen; border-width:3px"><b>Abū'ṣ-Ṣabr Yaʿqūb<br /><a href="/wiki/Al-Mustamsik" title="Al-Mustamsik">al-Mustamsik</a></b><br /><sup>(16)</sup><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">r. 1497–1508,<br />1516–1517</span></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;color:yellow; background-color:YellowGreen; border-width:3px"><b>Muḥammad<br /><a href="/wiki/Al-Mutawakkil_III" title="Al-Mutawakkil III">al-Mutawakkil III</a></b><br /><sup>(17)</sup><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">r. 1508–1516,<br />1517</span></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_members">Notable members</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abbasid_dynasty&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Notable members"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_Abbasid_era_(750–861)"><span id="Early_Abbasid_era_.28750.E2.80.93861.29"></span>Early Abbasid era (750–861)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abbasid_dynasty&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Early Abbasid era (750–861)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/As-Saffah" class="mw-redirect" title="As-Saffah">Abu'l-Abbas al-Saffah</a>, the first caliph of the <a href="/wiki/Abbasid_Caliphate" title="Abbasid Caliphate">Abbasid Caliphate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ja%27far_Abdallah_ibn_Muhammad_al-Mansur" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Ja'far Abdallah ibn Muhammad al-Mansur">Abu Ja'far Abdallah ibn Muhammad al-Mansur</a>, the second <a href="/wiki/Abbasid_Caliph" class="mw-redirect" title="Abbasid Caliph">Abbasid Caliph</a><sup id="cite_ref-Axworthy_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Axworthy-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mahdi" title="Al-Mahdi">Al-Mahdi</a> third Abbasid caliph (r. October 775 – 24 July 785) was the most influential Abbasid Caliph. He also promoted Art and science in the Islamic Caliphate.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hadi" title="Al-Hadi">Al-Hadi</a>, (r. 785–786) was an Abbasid caliph. He was very open with the people of his empire and allowed citizens to visit him in the palace at Baghdad to address him. As such, he was considered an enlightened ruler.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harun_al-Rashid" title="Harun al-Rashid">Harun al-Rashid</a>, fifth Abbasid caliph (r. 786–809) rule is traditionally regarded to be the height of Islamic Golden Age's power. He established the legendary library Bayt al-Hikma ("House of Wisdom") in Baghdad and during his rule Baghdad began to flourish as a world center of knowledge, culture and trade.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Amin" title="Al-Amin">Al-Amin</a>, (r. 809–813) sixth Abbasid caliph, son of Harun al-Rashid and <a href="/wiki/Zubaidah_bint_Ja%27far" title="Zubaidah bint Ja'far">Zubaidah</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Ma%27mun" title="Al-Ma'mun">Al-Ma'mun</a>, (r. 813–833) was an Abbasid caliph, he was well educated and with a considerable interest in scholarship, al-Ma'mun promoted the Translation Movement, he was also an astronomer.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mu%27tasim" title="Al-Mu'tasim">Al-Mu'tasim</a>, (833–842) was an Abbasid caliph, patron of the art and a powerful military leader.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Wathiq" title="Al-Wathiq">Al-Wathiq</a>, (r. 842–847) was an Abbasid caliph, he was well educated and with a considerable interest in scholarship.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mutawakkil" title="Al-Mutawakkil">Al-Mutawakkil</a>, (r. 847–861) was the tenth Abbasid caliph, under his reign the Abbasid Empire reached its territorial height.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Middle_Abbasid_era_(861–936)"><span id="Middle_Abbasid_era_.28861.E2.80.93936.29"></span>Middle Abbasid era (861–936)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abbasid_dynasty&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Middle Abbasid era (861–936)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mu%27tamid" title="Al-Mu'tamid">Al-Mu'tamid</a> Abbasid caliph from 871 to 892. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Muwaffaq" title="Al-Muwaffaq">Talha al-Muwaffaq</a> was the Abbasid military leader and father of caliph <a href="/wiki/Al-Mu%27tadid" title="Al-Mu'tadid">al-Mu'tadid</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Muqtadir" title="Al-Muqtadir">Al-Muqtadir</a>, the eighteenth Abbasid caliph, who ruled from 908 to 932.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Radi" title="Al-Radi">Al-Radi</a>, the Abbasid caliph from 936 to 940.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_Abbasid_era_(936–1258)_2"><span id="Later_Abbasid_era_.28936.E2.80.931258.29_2"></span>Later Abbasid era (936–1258)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abbasid_dynasty&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Later Abbasid era (936–1258)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qadir" title="Al-Qadir">Al-Qadir</a> influential caliph of later Abbasid era. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_al-Qa%27im" title="Muhammad ibn al-Qa'im">Muhammad ibn al-Qa'im</a>, 11th-century Abbasid prince, son of <a href="/wiki/Al-Qa%27im_(Abbasid_caliph_at_Baghdad)" title="Al-Qa'im (Abbasid caliph at Baghdad)">al-Qa'im</a> and father of <a href="/wiki/Al-Muqtadi" title="Al-Muqtadi">Al-Muqtadi</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Muqtafi" title="Al-Muqtafi">Al-Muqtafi</a>, ruled from 1136 to 1160.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Nasir" title="Al-Nasir">al-Nasir</a>, continued the efforts of his grandfather <a href="/wiki/Al-Muqtafi" title="Al-Muqtafi">al-Muqtafi</a> in restoring the caliphate to its ancient dominant role and achieved a surprising amount of success as his army even conquered parts of Iran.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the historian, Angelika Hartmann, al-Nasir was the last <i>effective Abbasid</i> caliph.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Musta%27sim" title="Al-Musta'sim">Al-Musta'sim</a>, last Abbasid caliph of Baghdad.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abbasid_dynasty&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Abbasid_caliphs" title="List of Abbasid caliphs">List of Abbasid caliphs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbasid_architecture" title="Abbasid architecture">Abbasid architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbasid_harem" title="Abbasid harem">Abbasid harem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ja%27alin_tribe" title="Ja'alin tribe">Ja'alin tribe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bhisti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bhisti (page does not exist)">Bhisti</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abbasid_dynasty&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-EB-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EB_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/newencyclopaedia2009ency/page/16">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Abd Allah ibn al-'Abbas"</a></span>. <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>. Vol. I: A-Ak - Bayes (15th ed.). Chicago, Illinois: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 2010. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/newencyclopaedia2009ency/page/16">16</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59339-837-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59339-837-8"><bdi>978-1-59339-837-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%27Abd+Allah+ibn+al-%27Abbas&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.place=Chicago%2C+Illinois&rft.pages=16&rft.edition=15th&rft.pub=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-59339-837-8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnewencyclopaedia2009ency%2Fpage%2F16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbbasid+dynasty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Armstrong-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Armstrong_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArmstrong2001" class="citation book cs1">Armstrong, Karen (2001). <i>Muhammad: A Biography of the Prophet</i>. Phoenix. p. 66. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0946621330" title="Special:BookSources/0946621330"><bdi>0946621330</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Muhammad%3A+A+Biography+of+the+Prophet&rft.pages=66&rft.pub=Phoenix&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0946621330&rft.aulast=Armstrong&rft.aufirst=Karen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbbasid+dynasty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIbn_IshaqGuillaume1955" class="citation book cs1">Ibn Ishaq; Guillaume (1955). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/TheLifeOfMohammedGuillaume/The_Life_Of_Mohammed_Guillaume#page/n23/mode/2up"><i>The Life of Muhammad: A Translation of Ibn Isḥāq's sīrat</i></a>. London: Oxford University Press. p. 3. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0195778286" title="Special:BookSources/0195778286"><bdi>0195778286</bdi></a>. <q>The Paternal Ancestral Lineage of Prophet Muhammad</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Life+of+Muhammad%3A+A+Translation+of+Ibn+Is%E1%B8%A5%C4%81q%27s+s%C4%ABrat&rft.place=London&rft.pages=3&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1955&rft.isbn=0195778286&rft.au=Ibn+Ishaq&rft.au=Guillaume&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2FTheLifeOfMohammedGuillaume%2FThe_Life_Of_Mohammed_Guillaume%23page%2Fn23%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbbasid+dynasty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoiberg201010-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoiberg201010_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoiberg201010_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHoiberg2010">Hoiberg 2010</a>, p. 10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brauer-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Brauer_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrauer1995">Brauer 1995</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGordon200182-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGordon200182_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGordon2001">Gordon 2001</a>, p. 82.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedy2004169-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy2004169_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy2004169_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKennedy2004">Kennedy 2004</a>, p. 169.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKraemer1989171-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKraemer1989171_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKraemer1989">Kraemer 1989</a>, p. 171.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedy2004168–169-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy2004168–169_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKennedy2004">Kennedy 2004</a>, pp. 168–169.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKraemer1989171–173,_176-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKraemer1989171–173,_176_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKraemer1989">Kraemer 1989</a>, pp. 171–173, 176.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKraemer1989xx,_181-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKraemer1989xx,_181_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKraemer1989">Kraemer 1989</a>, pp. xx, 181.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedy2006265-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy2006265_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKennedy2006">Kennedy 2006</a>, p. 265.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKraemer1989171–182,_184,_195-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKraemer1989171–182,_184,_195_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKraemer1989">Kraemer 1989</a>, pp. 171–182, 184, 195.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedy2006264–267-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy2006264–267_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKennedy2006">Kennedy 2006</a>, pp. 264–267.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedy2004169–173-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy2004169–173_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKennedy2004">Kennedy 2004</a>, pp. 169–173.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bosworth, "al-Muntasir," p. 583</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kennedy, 266-68</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gordon, pp. 88-91</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bosworth, "Muntasir," p. 583</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Saliba (1985) pp. 6-7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBosworth1993794-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBosworth1993794_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBosworth1993794_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBosworth1993">Bosworth 1993</a>, p. 794.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEZetterstéenBosworth1993476–477-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZetterstéenBosworth1993476–477_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFZetterstéenBosworth1993">Zetterstéen & Bosworth 1993</a>, pp. 476–477.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedy1993759–760-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy1993759–760_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKennedy1993">Kennedy 1993</a>, pp. 759–760.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBonner2010337-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBonner2010337_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBonner2010">Bonner 2010</a>, p. 337.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBonner2010332,_335,_337-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBonner2010332,_335,_337_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBonner2010">Bonner 2010</a>, pp. 332, 335, 337.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBonner2010337–339-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBonner2010337–339_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBonner2010">Bonner 2010</a>, pp. 337–339.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedy2004184–185-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy2004184–185_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKennedy2004">Kennedy 2004</a>, pp. 184–185.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESourdel1970132–134-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESourdel1970132–134_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSourdel1970">Sourdel 1970</a>, pp. 132–134.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEZetterstéen1987627-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZetterstéen1987627_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFZetterstéen1987">Zetterstéen 1987</a>, p. 627.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESourdel1978424-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESourdel1978424_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESourdel1978424_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSourdel1978">Sourdel 1978</a>, p. 424.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMasudi2010386-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMasudi2010386_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMasudi2010386_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMasudi2010">Masudi 2010</a>, p. 386.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEZetterstéenBosworth1993799-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZetterstéenBosworth1993799_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFZetterstéenBosworth1993">Zetterstéen & Bosworth 1993</a>, p. 799.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHanne2007101-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHanne2007101_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHanne2007">Hanne 2007</a>, p. 101.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Bos04">Bosworth 2004</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mKpz_2CkoWEC&pg=PA7">p. 7</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Hou93">Houtsma & Wensinck 1993</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=s5tMi-uGlfwC&pg=PA3">p. 3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewis1961" class="citation book cs1">Lewis, Bernard (1961). <i>The Emergence of Modern Turkey</i>. Oxford University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Emergence+of+Modern+Turkey&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1961&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=Bernard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbbasid+dynasty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Axworthy-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Axworthy_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAxworthy2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Axworthy" title="Michael Axworthy">Axworthy, Michael</a> (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160307030447/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=wGl_Gu6BwxYC&dq=a+history+of+iran&source=gbs_navlinks_s"><i>A History of Iran</i></a>. Basic Books. p. 81. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-465-00888-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-465-00888-9"><bdi>978-0-465-00888-9</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wGl_Gu6BwxYC&q=a+history+of+iran">the original</a> on 2016-03-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-08-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Iran&rft.pages=81&rft.pub=Basic+Books&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-465-00888-9&rft.aulast=Axworthy&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwGl_Gu6BwxYC%26q%3Da%2Bhistory%2Bof%2Biran&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbbasid+dynasty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEl-Hibri2021" class="citation book cs1">El-Hibri, Tayeb (2021-04-22). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FTMiEAAAQBAJ&dq=Al-Nasir+army+isfahan&pg=PA156"><i>The Abbasid Caliphate: A History</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-107-18324-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-107-18324-7"><bdi>978-1-107-18324-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Abbasid+Caliphate%3A+A+History&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2021-04-22&rft.isbn=978-1-107-18324-7&rft.aulast=El-Hibri&rft.aufirst=Tayeb&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFTMiEAAAQBAJ%26dq%3DAl-Nasir%2Barmy%2Bisfahan%26pg%3DPA156&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbbasid+dynasty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHanne2007" class="citation book cs1">Hanne, Eric J. (2007). <i>Putting the Caliph in His Place: Power, Authority, and the Late Abbasid Caliphate</i>. Fairleigh Dickinson University Press. p. 204. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8386-4113-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8386-4113-2"><bdi>978-0-8386-4113-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Putting+the+Caliph+in+His+Place%3A+Power%2C+Authority%2C+and+the+Late+Abbasid+Caliphate&rft.pages=204&rft.pub=Fairleigh+Dickinson+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-8386-4113-2&rft.aulast=Hanne&rft.aufirst=Eric+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbbasid+dynasty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abbasid_dynasty&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>People of India Uttar Pradesh Volume XLII edited by A. Hasan & J. C. Das page 285</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBonner2010" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Bonner" title="Michael Bonner">Bonner, Michael</a> (2010). "The Waning of Empire: 861–945". In Robinson, Charles F. (ed.). <i>The New Cambridge History of Islam</i>. Vol. I: The Formation of the Islamic World: Sixth to Eleventh Centuries. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. pp. 305–359. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-83823-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-83823-8"><bdi>978-0-521-83823-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Waning+of+Empire%3A+861%E2%80%93945&rft.btitle=The+New+Cambridge+History+of+Islam&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+UK&rft.pages=305-359&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-521-83823-8&rft.aulast=Bonner&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbbasid+dynasty" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrauer1995" class="citation book cs1">Brauer, Ralph W. (1995). <i>Boundaries and Frontiers in Medieval Muslim Geography</i>. Philadelphia, PA: American Philosophical Society. pp. 7–10. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87169-856-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-87169-856-0"><bdi>0-87169-856-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/94078513">94078513</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Boundaries+and+Frontiers+in+Medieval+Muslim+Geography&rft.place=Philadelphia%2C+PA&rft.pages=7-10&rft.pub=American+Philosophical+Society&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F94078513&rft.isbn=0-87169-856-0&rft.aulast=Brauer&rft.aufirst=Ralph+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbbasid+dynasty" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBosworth1993" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/C.E._Bosworth" class="mw-redirect" title="C.E. Bosworth">Bosworth, C.E.</a> (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://referenceworks.brill.com/search?q=al-Muntasir&source=%2Fdb%2Feieo">"al-Muntasir"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/C._E._Bosworth" class="mw-redirect" title="C. E. Bosworth">Bosworth, C. E.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Emeri_Johannes_van_Donzel" class="mw-redirect" title="Emeri Johannes van Donzel">van Donzel, E.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Wolfhart_Heinrichs" title="Wolfhart Heinrichs">Heinrichs, W. P.</a> & <a href="/wiki/Charles_Pellat" title="Charles Pellat">Pellat, Ch.</a> (eds.). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Encyclopaedia_of_Islam#2nd_edition,_EI2" class="mw-redirect" title="The Encyclopaedia of Islam">The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition</a>. </i>Volume VII:<i> Mif–Naz</i>. Leiden: E. J. Brill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-09419-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-09419-2"><bdi>978-90-04-09419-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=al-Muntasir&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopaedia+of+Islam%2C+Second+Edition.+Volume+VII%3A+Mif%E2%80%93Naz&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pub=E.+J.+Brill&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-90-04-09419-2&rft.aulast=Bosworth&rft.aufirst=C.E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freferenceworks.brill.com%2Fsearch%3Fq%3Dal-Muntasir%26source%3D%252Fdb%252Feieo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbbasid+dynasty" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Bheesty" . <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. <b>3</b> (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 845.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGordon2001" class="citation book cs1">Gordon, Matthew S. (2001). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/breakingofthousa0000gord"><i>The Breaking of a Thousand Swords: A History of the Turkish Military of Samarra (A.H. 200–275/815–889 C.E.)</i></a></span>. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7914-4795-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-7914-4795-2"><bdi>0-7914-4795-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Breaking+of+a+Thousand+Swords%3A+A+History+of+the+Turkish+Military+of+Samarra+%28A.H.+200%E2%80%93275%2F815%E2%80%93889+C.E.%29&rft.place=Albany%2C+New+York&rft.pub=State+University+of+New+York+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-7914-4795-2&rft.aulast=Gordon&rft.aufirst=Matthew+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbreakingofthousa0000gord&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbbasid+dynasty" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoiberg2010" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Hoiberg, Dale H., ed. (2010). "Abbasid Dynasty". <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i>. Vol. I: A-Ak – Bayes (15th ed.). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59339-837-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59339-837-8"><bdi>978-1-59339-837-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Abbasid+Dynasty&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.edition=15th&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-59339-837-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbbasid+dynasty" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKennedy1993" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_N._Kennedy" title="Hugh N. Kennedy">Kennedy, Hugh</a> (1993). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_5658">"al-Mutawakkil ʿAlā 'llāh"</a></span>. In <a href="/wiki/C._E._Bosworth" class="mw-redirect" title="C. E. Bosworth">Bosworth, C. E.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Emeri_Johannes_van_Donzel" class="mw-redirect" title="Emeri Johannes van Donzel">van Donzel, E.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Wolfhart_Heinrichs" title="Wolfhart Heinrichs">Heinrichs, W. P.</a> & <a href="/wiki/Charles_Pellat" title="Charles Pellat">Pellat, Ch.</a> (eds.). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Encyclopaedia_of_Islam#2nd_edition,_EI2" class="mw-redirect" title="The Encyclopaedia of Islam">The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition</a>. </i>Volume VII:<i> Mif–Naz</i>. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 777–778. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-09419-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-09419-2"><bdi>978-90-04-09419-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=al-Mutawakkil+%CA%BFAl%C4%81+%E2%80%99ll%C4%81h&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopaedia+of+Islam%2C+Second+Edition.+Volume+VII%3A+Mif%E2%80%93Naz&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pages=777-778&rft.pub=E.+J.+Brill&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-90-04-09419-2&rft.aulast=Kennedy&rft.aufirst=Hugh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1163%2F1573-3912_islam_SIM_5658&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbbasid+dynasty" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKennedy2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_N._Kennedy" title="Hugh N. Kennedy">Kennedy, Hugh</a> (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Wux0lWbxs1kC"><i>The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates: The Islamic Near East from the 6th to the 11th Century</i></a> (Second ed.). Harlow: Longman. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-582-40525-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-582-40525-7"><bdi>978-0-582-40525-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Prophet+and+the+Age+of+the+Caliphates%3A+The+Islamic+Near+East+from+the+6th+to+the+11th+Century&rft.place=Harlow&rft.edition=Second&rft.pub=Longman&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-582-40525-7&rft.aulast=Kennedy&rft.aufirst=Hugh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWux0lWbxs1kC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbbasid+dynasty" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKennedy2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_N._Kennedy" title="Hugh N. Kennedy">Kennedy, Hugh</a> (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=67fZB5YGkOQC"><i>When Baghdad Ruled the Muslim World: The Rise and Fall of Islam's Greatest Dynasty</i></a>. Cambridge, MA: Da Capo Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-306814808" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-306814808"><bdi>978-0-306814808</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=When+Baghdad+Ruled+the+Muslim+World%3A+The+Rise+and+Fall+of+Islam%27s+Greatest+Dynasty&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+MA&rft.pub=Da+Capo+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-306814808&rft.aulast=Kennedy&rft.aufirst=Hugh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D67fZB5YGkOQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbbasid+dynasty" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKraemer1989" class="citation book cs1">Kraemer, Joel L., ed. (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MNQFS2jzwFcC"><i>The History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume XXXIV: Incipient Decline: The Caliphates of al-Wāthiq, al-Mutawakkil and al-Muntaṣir, A.D. 841–863/A.H. 227–248</i></a>. SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88706-874-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88706-874-4"><bdi>978-0-88706-874-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+al-%E1%B9%ACabar%C4%AB%2C+Volume+XXXIV%3A+Incipient+Decline%3A+The+Caliphates+of+al-W%C4%81thiq%2C+al-Mutawakkil+and+al-Munta%E1%B9%A3ir%2C+A.D.+841%E2%80%93863%2FA.H.+227%E2%80%93248&rft.place=Albany%2C+New+York&rft.series=SUNY+Series+in+Near+Eastern+Studies.&rft.pub=State+University+of+New+York+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-88706-874-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMNQFS2jzwFcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbbasid+dynasty" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMasudi2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Al-Masudi" title="Al-Masudi">Masudi</a> (2010) [1989]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_5MrBgAAQBAJ"><i>The Meadows of Gold: The Abbasids</i></a>. Translated by Paul Lunde and Caroline Stone. London and New York: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7103-0246-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7103-0246-5"><bdi>978-0-7103-0246-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Meadows+of+Gold%3A+The+Abbasids&rft.place=London+and+New+York&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-7103-0246-5&rft.au=Masudi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_5MrBgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbbasid+dynasty" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaliba1985" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/George_Saliba" title="George Saliba">Saliba, George</a>, ed. (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pQVOnM2Y2mIC"><i>The History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume XXXV: The Crisis of the ʿAbbāsid Caliphate: The Caliphates of al-Mustaʿīn and al-Muʿtazz, A.D. 862–869/A.H. 248–255</i></a>. SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87395-883-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87395-883-7"><bdi>978-0-87395-883-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+al-%E1%B9%ACabar%C4%AB%2C+Volume+XXXV%3A+The+Crisis+of+the+%CA%BFAbb%C4%81sid+Caliphate%3A+The+Caliphates+of+al-Musta%CA%BF%C4%ABn+and+al-Mu%CA%BFtazz%2C+A.D.+862%E2%80%93869%2FA.H.+248%E2%80%93255&rft.place=Albany%2C+New+York&rft.series=SUNY+Series+in+Near+Eastern+Studies.&rft.pub=State+University+of+New+York+Press&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=978-0-87395-883-7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpQVOnM2Y2mIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbbasid+dynasty" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSourdel1970" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Sourdel, D. (1970). "The ʿAbbasid Caliphate". In Holt, P. M.; Lambton, Ann K. S.; Lewis, Bernard (eds.). <i>The Cambridge History of Islam</i>. Vol. 1A: The Central Islamic Lands from Pre-Islamic Times to the First World War. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 104–139. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-21946-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-21946-4"><bdi>978-0-521-21946-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+%CA%BFAbbasid+Caliphate&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+History+of+Islam&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=104-139&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1970&rft.isbn=978-0-521-21946-4&rft.aulast=Sourdel&rft.aufirst=D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbbasid+dynasty" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSourdel1978" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Sourdel, Dominique (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_3786">"al-Ḳāhir Bi'llāh"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Emeri_Johannes_van_Donzel" class="mw-redirect" title="Emeri Johannes van Donzel">van Donzel, E.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Lewis" title="Bernard Lewis">Lewis, B.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Charles_Pellat" title="Charles Pellat">Pellat, Ch.</a> & <a href="/wiki/C._E._Bosworth" class="mw-redirect" title="C. E. Bosworth">Bosworth, C. E.</a> (eds.). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Encyclopaedia_of_Islam#2nd_edition,_EI2" class="mw-redirect" title="The Encyclopaedia of Islam">The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition</a>. </i>Volume IV:<i> Iran–Kha</i>. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 423–424. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F1573-3912_islam_SIM_3786">10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_3786</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/758278456">758278456</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=al-%E1%B8%B2%C4%81hir+Bi%E2%80%99ll%C4%81h&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopaedia+of+Islam%2C+Second+Edition.+Volume+IV%3A+Iran%E2%80%93Kha&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pages=423-424&rft.pub=E.+J.+Brill&rft.date=1978&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F758278456&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F1573-3912_islam_SIM_3786&rft.aulast=Sourdel&rft.aufirst=Dominique&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1163%2F1573-3912_islam_SIM_3786&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbbasid+dynasty" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZetterstéenBosworth1993" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Zetterstéen, K. V. & Bosworth, C. E. (1993). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_5437">"al-Muhtadī"</a></span>. In <a href="/wiki/C._E._Bosworth" class="mw-redirect" title="C. E. Bosworth">Bosworth, C. E.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Emeri_Johannes_van_Donzel" class="mw-redirect" title="Emeri Johannes van Donzel">van Donzel, E.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Wolfhart_Heinrichs" title="Wolfhart Heinrichs">Heinrichs, W. P.</a> & <a href="/wiki/Charles_Pellat" title="Charles Pellat">Pellat, Ch.</a> (eds.). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Encyclopaedia_of_Islam#2nd_edition,_EI2" class="mw-redirect" title="The Encyclopaedia of Islam">The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition</a>. </i>Volume VII:<i> Mif–Naz</i>. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 476–477. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-09419-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-09419-2"><bdi>978-90-04-09419-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=al-Muhtad%C4%AB&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopaedia+of+Islam%2C+Second+Edition.+Volume+VII%3A+Mif%E2%80%93Naz&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pages=476-477&rft.pub=E.+J.+Brill&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-90-04-09419-2&rft.aulast=Zetterst%C3%A9en&rft.aufirst=K.+V.&rft.au=Bosworth%2C+C.+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1163%2F1573-3912_islam_SIM_5437&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbbasid+dynasty" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZetterstéen1987" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Karl_Vilhelm_Zetterst%C3%A9en" title="Karl Vilhelm Zetterstéen">Zetterstéen, K. V.</a> (1987). "al-Ḳāhir Bi 'llāh". In Houtsma, Martijn Theodoor (ed.). <i>E.J. Brill's first encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913–1936, Volume IV: 'Itk–Kwaṭṭa</i>. Leiden: Brill. p. 627. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F2214-871X_ei1_SIM_3803">10.1163/2214-871X_ei1_SIM_3803</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-08265-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-08265-6"><bdi>978-90-04-08265-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=al-%E1%B8%B2%C4%81hir+Bi+%27ll%C4%81h&rft.btitle=E.J.+Brill%27s+first+encyclopaedia+of+Islam%2C+1913%E2%80%931936%2C+Volume+IV%3A+%27Itk%E2%80%93Kwa%E1%B9%AD%E1%B9%ADa&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pages=627&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=1987&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F2214-871X_ei1_SIM_3803&rft.isbn=978-90-04-08265-6&rft.aulast=Zetterst%C3%A9en&rft.aufirst=K.+V.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbbasid+dynasty" 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href="/wiki/Template_talk:Clans_of_Quraysh" title="Template talk:Clans of Quraysh"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Clans_of_Quraysh" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Clans of Quraysh"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Clans_of_Quraysh" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Clans of <a href="/wiki/Quraysh" title="Quraysh">Quraysh</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Abd_al-Dar" title="Banu Abd al-Dar">Banu Abd al-Dar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Abd_Shams" class="mw-redirect" title="Banu Abd Shams">Banu Abd Shams</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Umayyad_dynasty" title="Umayyad dynasty">Banu Umayya</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Adi" title="Banu Adi">Banu Adi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Hashim" title="Banu Hashim">Banu Hashim</a></li> <li>Banu Husays <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Jumah" title="Banu Jumah">Banu Jumah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Sahm" title="Banu Sahm">Banu Sahm</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Makhzum" title="Banu Makhzum">Banu Makhzum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Nawfal" title="Banu Nawfal">Banu Nawfal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Taym" title="Banu Taym">Banu Taym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Zuhrah" title="Banu Zuhrah">Banu Zuhrah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Historical_Arab_tribes" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Historical_Arab_tribes" title="Template:Historical Arab tribes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Historical_Arab_tribes" title="Template talk:Historical Arab tribes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Historical_Arab_tribes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Historical Arab tribes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Historical_Arab_tribes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Historical <a href="/wiki/Tribes_of_Arabia" title="Tribes of Arabia">Arab tribes</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>These prefixes ignored in the alphabetical ordering: Al, Bani, Banu.</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%CA%BF%C4%80d" title="ʿĀd">ʿĀd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_%27Akk" title="Banu 'Akk">Akk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Amila" title="Banu Amila">Amila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Amr" title="Banu Amr">Banu Amr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anmar" title="Anmar">Anmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Asad" title="Banu Asad">Banu Asad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Ash%27ar" title="Banu Ash'ar">Ash'ar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Aslam" title="Banu Aslam">Aslam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azd" title="Azd">Azd</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ansar_(Islam)" title="Ansar (Islam)">Ansar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Aws" title="Banu Aws">Aws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Khazraj" title="Banu Khazraj">Khazraj</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bariq" title="Bariq">Bariq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Daws" title="Banu Daws">Daws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghamd" title="Ghamd">Ghamd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zahran_tribe" title="Zahran tribe">Zahran</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bajila" title="Bajila">Bajila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Hamdan" title="Banu Hamdan">Hamdan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Haram_(tribe)" title="Al-Haram (tribe)">Al-Haram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Hudhayl" title="Banu Hudhayl">Hudhayl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Judham" title="Banu Judham">Judham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Ju%27fa" title="Banu Ju'fa">Ju'fa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurhum" title="Jurhum">Jurhum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Kanz" title="Banu Kanz">Banu Kanz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kahlan" title="Kahlan">Kahlan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khath%27am" title="Khath'am">Khath'am</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Khuza%27ah" title="Banu Khuza'ah">Khuza'a</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Mustaliq" title="Banu Mustaliq">Mustaliq</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinana" title="Kinana">Kinana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Bakr_ibn_Abd_Manat" title="Banu Bakr ibn Abd Manat">Bakr ibn Abd Manat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Damrah" title="Banu Damrah">Damrah</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Ghifar" title="Banu Ghifar">Ghifar</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Jadhimah" title="Banu Jadhimah">Jadhima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quraysh" title="Quraysh">Quraysh</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Abd-Shams" title="Banu Abd-Shams">Abd-Shams</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Umayya" class="mw-redirect" title="Banu Umayya">Umayya</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Adi" title="Banu Adi">Adi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Hashim" title="Banu Hashim">Hashim</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Abbas</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Jumah" title="Banu Jumah">Jumah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Sahm" title="Banu Sahm">Sahm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Taym" title="Banu Taym">Taym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Zuhrah" title="Banu Zuhrah">Zuhra</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinda_(tribe)" title="Kinda (tribe)">Kinda</a></li> <li>Khuthir</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Lahyan" title="Banu Lahyan">Lihyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Lakhm" title="Banu Lakhm">Lakhm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhhaj" title="Madhhaj">Madhhaj</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banu_al-Hakam" title="Banu al-Hakam">Banu al-Hakam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Ansi" title="Al-Ansi">Ans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Awd" title="Banu Awd">Awd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nukha_(tribe)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nukha (tribe)">Nukha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zubaid" title="Zubaid">Zubaid</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maqil" title="Maqil">Maqil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Muzaina" title="Banu Muzaina">Muzayna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabi%60ah" class="mw-redirect" title="Rabi`ah">Rabi'a</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Qays" title="Abd al-Qays">Abd al-Qays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anizah" title="Anizah">Anizah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Bakr" title="Banu Bakr">Bakr ibn Wa'il</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Dhuhl" title="Banu Dhuhl">Banu Dhuhl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Hanifa" title="Banu Hanifa">Hanifa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Ijl" title="Banu Ijl">Ijl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Shayban" title="Banu Shayban">Shayban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taym_Allah" title="Taym Allah">Taym Allah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Yashkur" title="Banu Yashkur">Banu Yashkur</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taghlib" title="Taghlib">Taghlib</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qays" title="Qays">Qays</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ghatafan" title="Ghatafan">Ghatafan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Dhubyan" title="Banu Dhubyan">Dhubyan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Fazara" title="Banu Fazara">Fazara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Murra" title="Banu Murra">Murra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Talabah" class="mw-redirect" title="Banu Talabah">Tha'laba</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Abs" title="Banu Abs">Abs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawazin" title="Hawazin">Hawazin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Sa%27d" title="Banu Sa'd">Sa'd ibn Nasr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Thaqif" title="Banu Thaqif">Thaqif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Amir" title="Banu Amir">Amir</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Hilal" title="Banu Hilal">Hilal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Ka%27b" title="Banu Ka'b">Ka'b</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Uqayl" title="Banu Uqayl">Uqayl</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khafaja" title="Khafaja">Khafaja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Kilab" title="Banu Kilab">Kilab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Qushayr" title="Banu Qushayr">Qushayr</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Sulaym" title="Banu Sulaym">Sulaym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Ghani" title="Banu Ghani">Ghani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahila" title="Bahila">Bahila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Muharib" title="Banu Muharib">Muharib</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qedarites" title="Qedarites">Qedar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quda%27a" title="Quda'a">Quda'a</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahra%27" title="Bahra'">Bahra'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bali_(tribe)" title="Bali (tribe)">Bali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_al-Qayn" title="Banu al-Qayn">Balqayn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jarm" title="Jarm">Jarm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juhaynah" title="Juhaynah">Juhaynah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Kalb" title="Banu Kalb">Kalb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salihids" title="Salihids">Salih</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_al-Samayda" title="Banu al-Samayda">al-Samayda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Sa%27ida" title="Banu Sa'ida">Sa'ida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bani_Shehr" class="mw-redirect" title="Bani Shehr">Shehr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Shuja" title="Banu Shuja">Shuja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Tamim" title="Banu Tamim">Tamim</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Hanzala" title="Banu Hanzala">Hanzala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Sa%27d_ibn_Zayd_Manat" title="Banu Sa'd ibn Zayd Manat">Sa'd ibn Zayd Manat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanukhids" title="Tanukhids">Tanukh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tayy" title="Tayy">Tayy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jarrahids" title="Jarrahids">Jarrah</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al_Fadl" title="Al Fadl">Al Fadl</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thamud" title="Thamud">Thamud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaman_(tribal_group)" title="Yaman (tribal group)">Yaman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Part of <a href="/wiki/Template:Arab_tribes" title="Template:Arab tribes">Arab tribes</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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