CINXE.COM
China Policy - Carbon Brief
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no" /> <title> China Policy - Carbon Brief </title> <meta property="fb:pages" content="193315464030877" /> <link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/png" href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/themes/carbonbrief/favicon.ico" /> <link href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/themes/carbonbrief/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/themes/carbonbrief/css/header-carousel.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/themes/carbonbrief/css/slick.css" rel="stylesheet" /> <link href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/themes/carbonbrief/css/theme.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/themes/carbonbrief/css/responsive.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/themes/carbonbrief/css/gallery.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/themes/carbonbrief/css/jquery-fullsizable.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/themes/carbonbrief/css/bootstrap-datepicker.css" rel="stylesheet"> <!-- HTML5 Shim and Respond.js IE8 support of HTML5 elements and media queries --> <!-- WARNING: Respond.js doesn't work if you view the page via file:// --> <!--[if lt IE 9]> <script src="https://oss.maxcdn.com/libs/html5shiv/3.7.0/html5shiv.js"></script> <script src="https://oss.maxcdn.com/libs/respond.js/1.4.2/respond.min.js"></script> <![endif]--> <!--[if IE 8]> <link href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/themes/carbonbrief/css/ie8.css" rel="stylesheet"> <![endif]--> <!-- CLEAN STAGING BRANCH --> <script type="text/javascript"> var ajaxurl = 'https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php'; var bitlyuser = 'piotrmediablaze'; var bitlykey = 'R_18d6e22b015d4a1abdd1249391611676'; </script> <meta name='robots' content='index, follow, max-image-preview:large, max-snippet:-1, max-video-preview:-1' /> <!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.4 - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --> <title>China Policy - Carbon Brief</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/china-policy/" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_GB" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:title" content="China Policy - Carbon Brief" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/china-policy/" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Carbon Brief" /> <meta property="article:publisher" content="https://www.facebook.com/carbonbrief/" /> <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2022-05-09T15:53:28+00:00" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@carbonbrief" /> <script type="application/ld+json" class="yoast-schema-graph">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/china-policy/","url":"https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/china-policy/","name":"China Policy - Carbon Brief","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://www.carbonbrief.org/#website"},"datePublished":"2022-05-09T15:53:27+00:00","dateModified":"2022-05-09T15:53:28+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/china-policy/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-GB","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/china-policy/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/china-policy/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https://www.carbonbrief.org/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Policy","item":"https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"China Policy"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://www.carbonbrief.org/#website","url":"https://www.carbonbrief.org/","name":"Carbon Brief","description":"Clear on climate","publisher":{"@id":"https://www.carbonbrief.org/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https://www.carbonbrief.org/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-GB"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https://www.carbonbrief.org/#organization","name":"Carbon Brief","url":"https://www.carbonbrief.org/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-GB","@id":"https://www.carbonbrief.org/#/schema/logo/image/","url":"https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/CarbonBrief_Logo2015_SEO.png","contentUrl":"https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/CarbonBrief_Logo2015_SEO.png","width":222,"height":69,"caption":"Carbon Brief"},"image":{"@id":"https://www.carbonbrief.org/#/schema/logo/image/"},"sameAs":["https://www.facebook.com/carbonbrief/","https://x.com/carbonbrief","https://www.instagram.com/carbonbrief/","https://www.pinterest.com/thecarbonbrief/","https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCiXgvmQ2jUgUjRpJzvga5Tg"]}]}</script> <!-- / Yoast SEO plugin. --> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//ajax.googleapis.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//cdnjs.cloudflare.com' /> <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/www.carbonbrief.org\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=6.6.1"}}; /*! This file is auto-generated */ !function(i,n){var o,s,e;function c(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(o,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function p(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data),r=(e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0),new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data));return t.every(function(e,t){return e===r[t]})}function u(e,t,n){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\uddfa\ud83c\uddf3","\ud83c\uddfa\u200b\ud83c\uddf3")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!n(e,"\ud83d\udc26\u200d\u2b1b","\ud83d\udc26\u200b\u2b1b")}return!1}function f(e,t,n){var r="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):i.createElement("canvas"),a=r.getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),o=(a.textBaseline="top",a.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(function(e){o[e]=t(a,e,n)}),o}function t(e){var t=i.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,i.head.appendChild(t)}"undefined"!=typeof Promise&&(o="wpEmojiSettingsSupports",s=["flag","emoji"],n.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},e=new Promise(function(e){i.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e,{once:!0})}),new Promise(function(t){var n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(o));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+f.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(s),u.toString(),p.toString()].join(",")+"));",r=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"}),a=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(r),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(a.onmessage=function(e){c(n=e.data),a.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}c(n=f(s,u,p))}t(n)}).then(function(e){for(var t in e)n.supports[t]=e[t],n.supports.everything=n.supports.everything&&n.supports[t],"flag"!==t&&(n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&n.supports[t]);n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!n.supports.flag,n.DOMReady=!1,n.readyCallback=function(){n.DOMReady=!0}}).then(function(){return e}).then(function(){var e;n.supports.everything||(n.readyCallback(),(e=n.source||{}).concatemoji?t(e.concatemoji):e.wpemoji&&e.twemoji&&(t(e.twemoji),t(e.wpemoji)))}))}((window,document),window._wpemojiSettings); /* ]]> */ </script> <style id='wp-emoji-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 0.07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css?ver=6.6.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='safe-svg-svg-icon-style-inline-css' type='text/css'> .safe-svg-cover{text-align:center}.safe-svg-cover .safe-svg-inside{display:inline-block;max-width:100%}.safe-svg-cover svg{height:100%;max-height:100%;max-width:100%;width:100%} </style> <style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> /*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} </style> <style id='global-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #333333;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--color--blue: #0B4572;--wp--preset--color--blue-light: #ADD2EC;--wp--preset--color--blue-lighter: #E8F6FD;--wp--preset--color--red: #E9B4AC;--wp--preset--color--yellow: #F8E8B0;--wp--preset--color--pink: #DAB6CA;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='contact-form-7-css' href='https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/plugins/contact-form-7/includes/css/styles.css?ver=5.9.8' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='mailerlite_forms.css-css' href='https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/plugins/official-mailerlite-sign-up-forms/assets/css/mailerlite_forms.css?ver=1.7.13' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='ppress-frontend-css' href='https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/plugins/wp-user-avatar/assets/css/frontend.min.css?ver=4.15.13' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='ppress-flatpickr-css' href='https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/plugins/wp-user-avatar/assets/flatpickr/flatpickr.min.css?ver=4.15.13' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='ppress-select2-css' href='https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/plugins/wp-user-avatar/assets/select2/select2.min.css?ver=6.6.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-pagenavi-css' href='https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/plugins/wp-pagenavi/pagenavi-css.css?ver=2.70' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='search-filter-plugin-styles-css' href='https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/plugins/search-filter-pro/public/assets/css/search-filter.min.css?ver=2.5.11' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wordpress-popular-posts-css-css' href='https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/plugins/wordpress-popular-posts/assets/css/wpp.css?ver=5.4.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='carbon-jquery-ui-css' href='https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jqueryui/1.8/themes/base/jquery-ui.css?ver=6.6.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='theme-blocks-css' href='https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/themes/carbonbrief/css/theme-gutenberg.css?ver=6.6.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='tablepress-default-css' href='https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/tablepress-combined.min.css?ver=99' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='site-css-css' href='https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/themes/carbonbrief/assets/styles/css/style.css?ver=1.0' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='fontawesome-css-css' href='https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/5.15.3/css/all.min.css?ver=all' type='text/css' media='all' /> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?ver=3.7.1" id="jquery-core-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=3.4.1" id="jquery-migrate-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/plugins/wp-user-avatar/assets/flatpickr/flatpickr.min.js?ver=4.15.13" id="ppress-flatpickr-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/plugins/wp-user-avatar/assets/select2/select2.min.js?ver=4.15.13" id="ppress-select2-js"></script> <script type="application/json" id="wpp-json"> /* <![CDATA[ */ {"sampling_active":0,"sampling_rate":100,"ajax_url":"https:\/\/www.carbonbrief.org\/wp-json\/wordpress-popular-posts\/v1\/popular-posts","api_url":"https:\/\/www.carbonbrief.org\/wp-json\/wordpress-popular-posts","ID":41938,"token":"4025d98119","lang":0,"debug":0} /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/plugins/wordpress-popular-posts/assets/js/wpp.min.js?ver=5.4.2" id="wpp-js-js"></script> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" title="JSON" type="application/json" href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/41938" /><link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (JSON)" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.carbonbrief.org%2Fpolicy%2Fchina-policy%2F" /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (XML)" type="text/xml+oembed" href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.carbonbrief.org%2Fpolicy%2Fchina-policy%2F&format=xml" /> <meta property="fb:pages" content="193315464030877" /> <!-- MailerLite Universal --> <script> (function(w,d,e,u,f,l,n){w[f]=w[f]||function(){(w[f].q=w[f].q||[]) .push(arguments);},l=d.createElement(e),l.async=1,l.src=u, n=d.getElementsByTagName(e)[0],n.parentNode.insertBefore(l,n);}) (window,document,'script','https://assets.mailerlite.com/js/universal.js','ml'); ml('account', '249617'); ml('enablePopups', true); </script> <!-- End MailerLite Universal --> <script> (function(h,o,t,j,a,r){ h.hj=h.hj||function(){(h.hj.q=h.hj.q||[]).push(arguments)}; h._hjSettings={hjid:2038811,hjsv:5}; a=o.getElementsByTagName('head')[0]; r=o.createElement('script');r.async=1; r.src=t+h._hjSettings.hjid+j+h._hjSettings.hjsv; a.appendChild(r); })(window,document,'//static.hotjar.com/c/hotjar-','.js?sv='); </script> <style> @-webkit-keyframes bgslide { from { background-position-x: 0; } to { background-position-x: -200%; } } @keyframes bgslide { from { background-position-x: 0; } to { background-position-x: -200%; } } .wpp-widget-placeholder { margin: 0 auto; width: 60px; height: 3px; background: #dd3737; background: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, right top, from(#dd3737), color-stop(10%, #571313), to(#dd3737)); background: linear-gradient(90deg, #dd3737 0%, #571313 10%, #dd3737 100%); background-size: 200% auto; border-radius: 3px; -webkit-animation: bgslide 1s infinite linear; animation: bgslide 1s infinite linear; } </style> <style type="text/css" id="wp-custom-css"> header { z-index:10; } greyBar{ z-index:2 !important; } </style> <noscript><style id="rocket-lazyload-nojs-css">.rll-youtube-player, [data-lazy-src]{display:none !important;}</style></noscript> <!-- Google tag (gtag.js) --> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-R02EV2GBVB"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-R02EV2GBVB'); </script> <!-- Google Tag Manager --> <script> (function(w, d, s, l, i) { w[l] = w[l] || []; w[l].push({ 'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(), event: 'gtm.js' }); var f = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j = d.createElement(s), dl = l != 'dataLayer' ? '&l=' + l : ''; j.async = true; j.src = 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=' + i + dl; f.parentNode.insertBefore(j, f); })(window, document, 'script', 'dataLayer', 'GTM-WRTHFZB'); </script> <!-- End Google Tag Manager --> <!-- GOOGLE ANALYTICS --> <script> (function(i, s, o, g, r, a, m) { i['GoogleAnalyticsObject'] = r; i[r] = i[r] || function() { (i[r].q = i[r].q || []).push(arguments) }, i[r].l = 1 * new Date(); a = s.createElement(o), m = s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0]; a.async = 1; a.src = g; m.parentNode.insertBefore(a, m) })(window, document, 'script', '//www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js', 'ga'); ga('create', 'UA-19777583-1', 'auto'); ga('send', 'pageview'); </script></head> <!-- common header --> <body id="topBack"> <!-- Google Tag Manager (noscript) --> <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-WRTHFZB" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript> <!-- End Google Tag Manager (noscript) --> <div class="gNav"> <div class="mobScroll"> <div class="mobOnlySec"> <h4>Sections</h4> <ul class="mSection"> <li> <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/science/">Science</a><span class="arrow"></span> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/science/climate-modelling/">Climate modelling</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/science/extreme-weather/">Extreme weather</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/science/health-and-security/">Health and Security</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/science/ice/">Ice</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/science/ipcc/">IPCC</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/science/nature/">Nature</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/science/oceans/">Oceans</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/science/people/">People</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/science/temperature/">Temperature</a></li> </ul> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/energy/">Energy</a><span class="arrow"></span> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/energy/china-energy/">China energy</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/energy/coal/">Coal</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/energy/emissions/">Emissions</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/energy/nuclear/">Nuclear</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/energy/oil-and-gas/">Oil and gas</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/energy/other-technologies/">Other technologies</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/energy/renewables/">Renewables</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/energy/technology/">Technology</a></li> </ul> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/policy/">Policy</a><span class="arrow"></span> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/policy/china-policy/">China Policy</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/policy/eu-policy/">EU policy</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/policy/international-policy/">International policy</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/policy/other-national-policy/">Other national policy</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/policy/rest-of-world-policy/">Rest of world policy</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/policy/uk-policy/">UK policy</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/policy/un-climate-talks/">UN climate talks</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/policy/us-policy/">US Policy</a></li> </ul> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/in-focus/">In Focus</a><span class="arrow"></span> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/in-focus/country-profiles/">Country profiles</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/in-focus/debriefed/">DeBriefed</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/in-focus/explainers/">Explainers</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/in-focus/factchecks/">Factchecks</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/in-focus/features/">Features</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/in-focus/guest-posts/">Guest posts</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/in-focus/infographics/">Infographics</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/in-focus/interviews/">Interviews</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/in-focus/media-analysis/">Media analysis</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/in-focus/state-of-the-climate/">State of the climate</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/in-focus/translations/">Translations</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/in-focus/webinars/">Webinars</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="nosub"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/daily-brief/japan-eyes-cutting-emissions-by-60-by-2035-from-2013-levels/">Daily Brief</a></li> </ul> </div> <h4>MENU</h4> <div class="mMenu"><ul> <li class="page_item page-item-46822"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/about-us/">About us</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-37506"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/china-briefing/">China Briefing</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-15734"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/comments-policy/">Comments Policy</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-342"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/contact-us/">Contact Us</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-348"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/cookies/">Cookies Policy</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-38845"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/cropped/">Cropped</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-41552"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/daily-brief/">Daily Brief</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-46959"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/debriefed/">DeBriefed</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-41657 page_item_has_children"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/energy/">Energy</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item page-item-41934"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/energy/coal/">Coal</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-41937 page_item_has_children"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/energy/emissions/">Emissions</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item page-item-41942"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/energy/emissions/global-emissions/">Global emissions</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-41944"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/energy/emissions/rest-of-world-emissions/">Rest of world emissions</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-41945"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/energy/emissions/uk-emissions/">UK emissions</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item page-item-41928"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/energy/eu-emissions/">EU emissions</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-41950"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/energy/nuclear/">Nuclear</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-41952"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/energy/oil-and-gas/">Oil and gas</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-41954"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/energy/renewables/">Renewables</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-41955"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/energy/technology/">Technology</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-52834"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/energy/china-energy/">China energy</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item page-item-42884"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/global-south-climate-database/">Global South Climate Database</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-41557"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/">Home</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-41559 page_item_has_children"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/in-focus/">In focus</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item page-item-41957"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/in-focus/country-profiles/">Country profiles</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-41959"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/in-focus/explainers/">Explainers</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-41961"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/in-focus/factchecks/">Factchecks</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-41963"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/in-focus/features/">Features</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-41965"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/in-focus/guest-posts/">Guest posts</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-41967"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/in-focus/infographics/">Infographics</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-41968"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/in-focus/interviews/">Interviews</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-41970"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/in-focus/media-analysis/">Media analysis</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-41933"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/in-focus/state-of-the-climate/">State of the climate</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-41935"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/in-focus/translations/">Translations</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-41936"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/in-focus/webinars/">Webinars</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item page-item-48319 page_item_has_children"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/nature/">Nature</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item page-item-42000"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/nature/food-and-farming/">Food and farming</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-51434 page_item_has_children"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/nature/nature-policy/">Nature policy</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item page-item-53898"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/nature/nature-policy/cop16-cali/">COP16 Cali</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item page-item-42004"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/nature/plants-and-forests/">Plants and forests</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-42007"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/nature/wildlife/">Wildlife</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item page-item-23513"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/newsletter-sign-up-old/">Newsletters</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-48223"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/newsletter-sign-up/">Newsletters</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-41560 page_item_has_children current_page_ancestor current_page_parent"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/">Policy</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item page-item-41938 current_page_item"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/china-policy/" aria-current="page">China Policy</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-41939"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/eu-policy/">EU policy</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-41940"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/international-policy/">International policy</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-41941"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/rest-of-world-policy/">Rest of world policy</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-41943"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/uk-policy/">UK policy</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-41946 page_item_has_children"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/un-climate-talks/">UN climate talks</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item page-item-41948"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/un-climate-talks/cop21-paris/">COP21 Paris</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-41951"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/un-climate-talks/cop22-marrakech/">COP22 Marrakech</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-41953"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/un-climate-talks/cop23-bonn/">COP23 Bonn</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-41956"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/un-climate-talks/cop24-katowice/">COP24 Katowice</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-41958"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/un-climate-talks/cop25-madrid/">COP25 Madrid</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-41960"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/un-climate-talks/cop26-glasgow/">COP26 Glasgow</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-44297"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/un-climate-talks/cop27-sharm-el-sheikh/">COP27 Sharm el-Sheikh</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-49674"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/un-climate-talks/cop28-dubai/">COP28 Dubai</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-54224"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/un-climate-talks/cop29-baku/">COP29 Baku</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item page-item-41962"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/us-policy/">US Policy</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item page-item-346"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/privacy/">Privacy Policy</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-41558 page_item_has_children"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/">Science</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item page-item-41964"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/climate-modelling/">Climate modelling</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-41966 page_item_has_children"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/extreme-weather/">Extreme weather</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item page-item-41973"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/extreme-weather/attribution/">Attribution</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-41977"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/extreme-weather/drought/">Drought</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-41978"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/extreme-weather/el-nino/">El Niño</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-41980"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/extreme-weather/floods/">Floods</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-41982"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/extreme-weather/heatwaves/">Heatwaves</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-41983"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/extreme-weather/storms/">Storms</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-41984"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/extreme-weather/wildfires/">Wildfires</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item page-item-41999"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/geoengineering/">Geoengineering</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-41986 page_item_has_children"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/ice/">Ice</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item page-item-41988"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/ice/antarctic/">Antarctic</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-41990"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/ice/arctic/">Arctic</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-41992"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/ice/glaciers/">Glaciers</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-41994"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/ice/sea-ice/">Sea ice</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item page-item-41996"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/ipcc/">IPCC</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-41969 page_item_has_children"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/oceans/">Oceans</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item page-item-42009"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/oceans/marine-life/">Marine life</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-42010"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/oceans/ocean-acidification/">Ocean acidification</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-41971"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/oceans/ocean-warming/">Ocean warming</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-41974"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/oceans/sea-level-rise/">Sea level rise</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item page-item-41975 page_item_has_children"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/people/">People</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item page-item-41976"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/people/human-security/">Human security</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-41979"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/people/public-health/">Public health</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-41981"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/people/public-opinion/">Public opinion</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-41985"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/people/risk-and-adaptation/">Risk and adaptation</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-41987"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/people/science-communication/">Science communication</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item page-item-41989 page_item_has_children"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/temperature/">Temperature</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item page-item-41993"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/temperature/1-5c/">1.5C</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-41995"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/temperature/carbon-budgets/">Carbon budgets</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-41997"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/temperature/climate-sensitivity/">Climate sensitivity</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-42001"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/temperature/ghgs-and-aerosols/">GHGs and aerosols</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-42002"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/temperature/global-temperature/">Global temperature</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-41991"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/temperature/hiatus/">Hiatus</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-42003"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/temperature/negative-emissions/">Negative emissions</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-42005"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/temperature/rest-of-world-temperature/">Rest of world temperature</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-42006"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/temperature/tipping-points/">Tipping points</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-42008"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/temperature/uk-temperature/">UK temperature</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item page-item-13435"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/search/">Search</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-47119"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/support-us/">Support us</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-29274"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/thank-you-for-subscribing/">Thank you for subscribing</a></li> </ul></div> <h5>Social Channels</h5> <div class="menu-side-social-menu-container"><ul id="menu-side-social-menu" class="mSM"><li id="menu-item-14733" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-14733"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/carbonbrief"><i class="mfbIcon"></i> Facebook</a></li> <li id="menu-item-14734" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-14734"><a href="https://twitter.com/carbonbrief"><i class="mtwtrIcon"></i> Twitter</a></li> <li id="menu-item-19542" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-19542"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/carbon-brief"><i class="mliIcon"></i> LinkedIn</a></li> <li id="menu-item-28420" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-28420"><a href="https://www.instagram.com/carbonbrief"><i class="fa fa-instagram sideSocialMenuIcon"></i> Instagram</a></li> <li id="menu-item-14735" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-14735"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCiXgvmQ2jUgUjRpJzvga5Tg/videos"><i class="mytIcon"></i> Youtube</a></li> <li id="menu-item-14736" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-14736"><a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/carbonbrief"><i class="mrssIcon"></i> Rss</a></li> </ul></div> </div> </div> <div class="topSearch"> <div class="mobScroll"> <h4>SEARCH ARCHIVE</h4> <div class="search_input_wrapper"> <form data-sf-form-id='41554' data-is-rtl='0' data-maintain-state='' data-results-url='https://www.carbonbrief.org/search' data-ajax-form-url='https://www.carbonbrief.org/?sfid=41554&sf_action=get_data&sf_data=form' data-display-result-method='shortcode' data-use-history-api='1' data-template-loaded='0' data-lang-code='en' data-ajax='0' data-init-paged='1' data-auto-update='' action='https://www.carbonbrief.org/search' method='post' class='searchandfilter' id='search-filter-form-41554' autocomplete='off' data-instance-count='1'><ul><li class="sf-field-search" data-sf-field-name="search" data-sf-field-type="search" data-sf-field-input-type=""> <label><input placeholder="Search …" name="_sf_search[]" class="sf-input-text" type="text" value="" title=""></label> </li><li class="sf-field-post_type" data-sf-field-name="_sf_post_type" data-sf-field-type="post_type" data-sf-field-input-type="select"><h4>Type</h4> <label> <select name="_sf_post_type[]" class="sf-input-select" title=""> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-0 sf-option-active" selected="selected" data-sf-depth="0" value="">All Types</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-depth="0" value="post">Articles</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-depth="0" value="dailybrief">Daily Brief</option> </select> </label> </li><li class="sf-field-category" data-sf-field-name="_sft_category" data-sf-field-type="category" data-sf-field-input-type="select"><h4>Topic</h4> <label> <select name="_sft_category[]" class="sf-input-select" title=""> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-0 sf-option-active" selected="selected" data-sf-count="0" data-sf-depth="0" value="">All Items</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-2022" data-sf-count="59" data-sf-depth="0" value="1-5c">1.5C</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-35" data-sf-count="74" data-sf-depth="0" value="antarctic">Antarctic</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-34" data-sf-count="106" data-sf-depth="0" value="arctic">Arctic</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-43" data-sf-count="75" data-sf-depth="0" value="attribution">Attribution</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-2058" data-sf-count="14" data-sf-depth="0" value="carbon-budgets">Carbon budgets</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-3075" data-sf-count="82" data-sf-depth="0" value="china-briefing">China Briefing</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-2948" data-sf-count="19" data-sf-depth="0" value="china-energy">China energy</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-2214" data-sf-count="163" data-sf-depth="0" value="china-policy">China Policy</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-1973" data-sf-count="57" data-sf-depth="0" value="climate-modelling">Climate modelling</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-27" data-sf-count="44" data-sf-depth="0" value="climate-sensitivity">Climate sensitivity</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-54" data-sf-count="179" data-sf-depth="0" value="coal">Coal</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-3402" data-sf-count="10" data-sf-depth="0" value="cop16-cali">COP16 Cali</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-62" data-sf-count="80" data-sf-depth="0" value="paris-2015">COP21 Paris</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-1638" data-sf-count="17" data-sf-depth="0" value="cop22-marrakech">COP22 Marrakech</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-1948" data-sf-count="7" data-sf-depth="0" value="cop23-bonn">COP23 Bonn</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-2118" data-sf-count="6" data-sf-depth="0" value="cop24-katowice">COP24 Katowice</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-2155" data-sf-count="4" data-sf-depth="0" value="cop25">COP25 Madrid</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-2520" data-sf-count="11" data-sf-depth="0" value="glasgow-2021">COP26 Glasgow</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-2802" data-sf-count="8" data-sf-depth="0" value="cop27-sharm-el-sheikh">COP27 Sharm el-Sheikh</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-3124" data-sf-count="14" data-sf-depth="0" value="cop28-dubai">COP28 Dubai</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-3423" data-sf-count="10" data-sf-depth="0" value="cop29-baku">COP29 Baku</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-2057" data-sf-count="22" data-sf-depth="0" value="country-profiles">Country profiles</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-3074" data-sf-count="79" data-sf-depth="0" value="cropped">Cropped</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-2977" data-sf-count="77" data-sf-depth="0" value="debriefed">DeBriefed</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-42" data-sf-count="54" data-sf-depth="0" value="drought">Drought</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-38" data-sf-count="28" data-sf-depth="0" value="el-nino">El Niño</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-52" data-sf-count="377" data-sf-depth="0" value="emissions">Emissions</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-2" data-sf-count="712" data-sf-depth="0" value="energy">Energy</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-60" data-sf-count="45" data-sf-depth="0" value="eu-emissions">EU emissions</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-65" data-sf-count="127" data-sf-depth="0" value="eu-policy">EU policy</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-68" data-sf-count="116" data-sf-depth="0" value="explainers">Explainers</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-19" data-sf-count="256" data-sf-depth="0" value="extreme-weather">Extreme weather</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-69" data-sf-count="63" data-sf-depth="0" value="factchecks">Factchecks</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-75" data-sf-count="92" data-sf-depth="0" value="features">Features</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-41" data-sf-count="86" data-sf-depth="0" value="floods">Floods</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-46" data-sf-count="116" data-sf-depth="0" value="food-farming">Food and farming</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-28" data-sf-count="42" data-sf-depth="0" value="geoengineering">Geoengineering</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-26" data-sf-count="85" data-sf-depth="0" value="ghgs-aerosols">GHGs and aerosols</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-37" data-sf-count="41" data-sf-depth="0" value="glaciers">Glaciers</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-58" data-sf-count="128" data-sf-depth="0" value="global-emissions">Global emissions</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-23" data-sf-count="193" data-sf-depth="0" value="global-temperature">Global temperature</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-72" data-sf-count="370" data-sf-depth="0" value="guest-posts">Guest posts</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-2936" data-sf-count="8" data-sf-depth="0" value="health-and-security">Health and Security</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-39" data-sf-count="82" data-sf-depth="0" value="heatwaves">Heatwaves</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-29" data-sf-count="25" data-sf-depth="0" value="hiatus">Hiatus</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-48" data-sf-count="83" data-sf-depth="0" value="human-security">Human security</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-18" data-sf-count="172" data-sf-depth="0" value="ice">Ice</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-4" data-sf-count="907" data-sf-depth="0" value="in-focus">In Focus</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-71" data-sf-count="114" data-sf-depth="0" value="infographics">Infographics</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-63" data-sf-count="195" data-sf-depth="0" value="international-policy">International policy</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-70" data-sf-count="110" data-sf-depth="0" value="interviews">Interviews</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-22" data-sf-count="131" data-sf-depth="0" value="ipcc">IPCC</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-2907" data-sf-count="4" data-sf-depth="0" value="land-and-soils">Land and soils</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-32" data-sf-count="58" data-sf-depth="0" value="marine-life">Marine life</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-74" data-sf-count="113" data-sf-depth="0" value="media-analysis">Media analysis</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-20" data-sf-count="307" data-sf-depth="0" value="nature">Nature</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-3263" data-sf-count="24" data-sf-depth="0" value="nature-policy">Nature policy</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-3264" data-sf-count="0" data-sf-depth="0" value="nature-2">Nature-2</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-2078" data-sf-count="37" data-sf-depth="0" value="negative-emissions">Negative emissions</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-56" data-sf-count="73" data-sf-depth="0" value="nuclear">Nuclear</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-33" data-sf-count="25" data-sf-depth="0" value="ocean-acidification">Ocean acidification</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-31" data-sf-count="66" data-sf-depth="0" value="ocean-warming">Ocean warming</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-17" data-sf-count="142" data-sf-depth="0" value="oceans">Oceans</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-55" data-sf-count="189" data-sf-depth="0" value="oil-and-gas">Oil and gas</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-2973" data-sf-count="0" data-sf-depth="0" value="other-national-policy">Other national policy</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-2914" data-sf-count="4" data-sf-depth="0" value="other-technologies">Other technologies</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-21" data-sf-count="268" data-sf-depth="0" value="people">People</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-44" data-sf-count="121" data-sf-depth="0" value="plants-forests">Plants and forests</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-3" data-sf-count="828" data-sf-depth="0" value="policy">Policy</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-47" data-sf-count="68" data-sf-depth="0" value="public-health">Public health</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-50" data-sf-count="53" data-sf-depth="0" value="public-opinion">Public opinion</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-53" data-sf-count="234" data-sf-depth="0" value="renewables">Renewables</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-61" data-sf-count="104" data-sf-depth="0" value="rest-of-world-emissions">Rest of world emissions</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-66" data-sf-count="110" data-sf-depth="0" value="rest-of-world-policy">Rest of world policy</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-25" data-sf-count="22" data-sf-depth="0" value="rest-of-world-temperature">Rest of world temperature</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-49" data-sf-count="99" data-sf-depth="0" value="risk-adaptation">Risk and adaptation</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-1" data-sf-count="2261" data-sf-depth="0" value="science">Science</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-51" data-sf-count="50" data-sf-depth="0" value="science-communication">Science communication</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-36" data-sf-count="86" data-sf-depth="0" value="sea-ice">Sea ice</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-30" data-sf-count="53" data-sf-depth="0" value="sea-level-rise">Sea level rise</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-2063" data-sf-count="30" data-sf-depth="0" value="state-of-the-climate">State of the climate</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-40" data-sf-count="61" data-sf-depth="0" value="storms">Storms</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-57" data-sf-count="135" data-sf-depth="0" value="technology">Technology</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-16" data-sf-count="320" data-sf-depth="0" value="temperature">Temperature</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-2161" data-sf-count="12" data-sf-depth="0" value="tipping-points">Tipping points</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-1897" data-sf-count="42" data-sf-depth="0" value="translations">Translations</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-59" data-sf-count="107" data-sf-depth="0" value="uk-emissions">UK emissions</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-64" data-sf-count="355" data-sf-depth="0" value="uk-policy">UK policy</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-24" data-sf-count="33" data-sf-depth="0" value="uk-temperature">UK temperature</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-2041" data-sf-count="67" data-sf-depth="0" value="un-climate-talks">UN climate talks</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-1835" data-sf-count="34" data-sf-depth="0" value="us-policy">US Policy</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-2177" data-sf-count="14" data-sf-depth="0" value="webinars">Webinars</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-2071" data-sf-count="19" data-sf-depth="0" value="wildfires">Wildfires</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-45" data-sf-count="89" data-sf-depth="0" value="wildlife">Wildlife</option> </select> </label> </li><li class="sf-field-sort_order" data-sf-field-name="_sf_sort_order" data-sf-field-type="sort_order" data-sf-field-input-type="select"><h4>Sort</h4> <label> <select name="_sf_sort_order[]" class="sf-input-select" title=""> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-0 sf-option-active" selected="selected" data-sf-depth="0" value="">Sort Results By</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-depth="0" value="date+desc">Title (Deecending)</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-depth="0" value="date+asc">Title (Ascending)</option> </select> </label> </li><li class="sf-field-submit" data-sf-field-name="submit" data-sf-field-type="submit" data-sf-field-input-type=""><input type="submit" name="_sf_submit" value="Submit"></li></ul></form> </div> </div> </div> <header> <figure class="mobile-menu-toggle"> <img src="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/themes/carbonbrief/assets/images/icon-hamburger.svg" /> </figure> <div class="logo"> <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org"> <img src="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/themes/carbonbrief/images/logo.png" alt="" /> </a> </div> <nav class="rightMenu"> <div class="mobRM visible-lg-inline-block"> <div class="mobFUllDrop"> <ul id="rMenu" class="header-navigation"><li id="menu-item-42055" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-42055"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/">Science</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-42065" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42065"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/climate-modelling/">Climate modelling</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42057" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-42057"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/extreme-weather/">Extreme weather</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-42058" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42058"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/extreme-weather/attribution/">Attribution</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42059" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42059"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/extreme-weather/drought/">Drought</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42060" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42060"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/extreme-weather/el-nino/">El Niño</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42061" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42061"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/extreme-weather/floods/">Floods</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42062" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42062"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/extreme-weather/heatwaves/">Heatwaves</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42063" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42063"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/extreme-weather/storms/">Storms</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42064" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42064"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/extreme-weather/wildfires/">Wildfires</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-42066" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-42066"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/ice/">Ice</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-42067" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42067"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/ice/antarctic/">Antarctic</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42068" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42068"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/ice/arctic/">Arctic</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42069" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42069"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/ice/glaciers/">Glaciers</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42070" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42070"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/ice/sea-ice/">Sea ice</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-42071" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42071"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/ipcc/">IPCC</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42076" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-42076"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/oceans/">Oceans</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-42077" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42077"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/oceans/marine-life/">Marine life</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42078" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42078"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/oceans/ocean-acidification/">Ocean acidification</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42079" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42079"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/oceans/ocean-warming/">Ocean warming</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42080" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42080"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/oceans/sea-level-rise/">Sea level rise</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-42081" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-42081"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/people/">People</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-42086" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42086"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/people/human-security/">Human security</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42082" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42082"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/people/public-health/">Public health</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42083" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42083"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/people/public-opinion/">Public opinion</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42084" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42084"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/people/risk-and-adaptation/">Risk and adaptation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42085" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42085"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/people/science-communication/">Science communication</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-42087" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-42087"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/temperature/">Temperature</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-42088" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42088"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/temperature/hiatus/">Hiatus</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42089" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42089"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/temperature/1-5c/">1.5C</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42090" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42090"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/temperature/carbon-budgets/">Carbon budgets</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42091" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42091"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/temperature/climate-sensitivity/">Climate sensitivity</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42094" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42094"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/geoengineering/">Geoengineering</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42092" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42092"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/temperature/ghgs-and-aerosols/">GHGs and aerosols</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42093" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42093"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/temperature/global-temperature/">Global temperature</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42095" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42095"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/temperature/negative-emissions/">Negative emissions</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42096" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42096"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/temperature/rest-of-world-temperature/">Rest of world temperature</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42097" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42097"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/temperature/tipping-points/">Tipping points</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42098" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42098"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/temperature/uk-temperature/">UK temperature</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-42909" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42909"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/global-south-climate-database/">Global South Climate Database</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-42099" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-42099"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/energy/">Energy</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-42100" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42100"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/energy/coal/">Coal</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42101" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-42101"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/energy/emissions/">Emissions</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-42102" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42102"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/energy/eu-emissions/">EU emissions</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42103" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42103"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/energy/emissions/global-emissions/">Global emissions</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42105" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42105"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/energy/emissions/rest-of-world-emissions/">Rest of world emissions</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42104" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42104"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/energy/emissions/uk-emissions/">UK emissions</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-42106" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42106"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/energy/nuclear/">Nuclear</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42107" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42107"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/energy/oil-and-gas/">Oil and gas</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42108" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42108"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/energy/renewables/">Renewables</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42109" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42109"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/energy/technology/">Technology</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-42148" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page current-page-ancestor current-menu-ancestor current-menu-parent current-page-parent current_page_parent current_page_ancestor menu-item-has-children menu-item-42148"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/">Policy</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-42112" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page current-menu-item page_item page-item-41938 current_page_item menu-item-42112"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/china-policy/" aria-current="page">China Policy</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42113" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42113"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/eu-policy/">EU policy</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42114" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42114"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/international-policy/">International policy</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42115" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42115"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/rest-of-world-policy/">Rest of world policy</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42116" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42116"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/uk-policy/">UK policy</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42117" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-42117"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/un-climate-talks/">UN climate talks</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-42118" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42118"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/un-climate-talks/cop21-paris/">COP21 Paris</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42119" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42119"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/un-climate-talks/cop22-marrakech/">COP22 Marrakech</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42120" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42120"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/un-climate-talks/cop23-bonn/">COP23 Bonn</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42121" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42121"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/un-climate-talks/cop24-katowice/">COP24 Katowice</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42122" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42122"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/un-climate-talks/cop25-madrid/">COP25 Madrid</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42123" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42123"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/un-climate-talks/cop26-glasgow/">COP26 Glasgow</a></li> <li id="menu-item-44299" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-44299"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/un-climate-talks/cop27-sharm-el-sheikh/">COP27 Sharm el-Sheikh</a></li> <li id="menu-item-49675" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-49675"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/un-climate-talks/cop28-dubai/">COP28 Dubai</a></li> <li id="menu-item-54479" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-54479"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/un-climate-talks/cop29-baku/">COP29 Baku</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-42124" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42124"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/us-policy/">US Policy</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-51435" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-51435"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/nature/">Nature</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-53906" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-53906"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/nature/nature-policy/">Nature policy</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-53907" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-53907"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/nature/nature-policy/cop16-cali/">COP16 Cali</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-53908" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-53908"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/nature/food-and-farming/">Food and farming</a></li> <li id="menu-item-53909" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-53909"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/nature/plants-and-forests/">Plants and forests</a></li> <li id="menu-item-53910" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-53910"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/nature/wildlife/">Wildlife</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-42149" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-42149"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/in-focus/">In focus</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-42127" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42127"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/in-focus/country-profiles/">Country profiles</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42128" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42128"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/in-focus/explainers/">Explainers</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42129" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42129"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/in-focus/factchecks/">Factchecks</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42130" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42130"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/in-focus/features/">Features</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42131" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42131"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/in-focus/guest-posts/">Guest posts</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42132" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42132"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/in-focus/infographics/">Infographics</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42133" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42133"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/in-focus/interviews/">Interviews</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42134" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42134"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/in-focus/media-analysis/">Media analysis</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42143" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42143"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/in-focus/translations/">Translations</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42137" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42137"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/in-focus/webinars/">Webinars</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-42138" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42138"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/daily-brief/">Daily Brief</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="topSubc visible-lg-inline-block"> <a href="#"><i class="subcIcon"></i> <span>Subscribe</span><i class="lineHover"></i></a> </div> <div class="topSrc"> <a href="#"><i class="srcIcon"></i></a> </div> </nav> <div class="topNL"> <div class="ml-embedded" data-form="o0QGK8"></div> <!-- <p>Receive a Daily or Weekly summary of the most important articles direct to your inbox, just enter your email below. By entering your email address you agree for your data to be handled in accordance with our <a class="privacy-link" href="/privacy">Privacy Policy</a>.</p> <div class="nlBox"> <div id="revue-embed"> <form action="https://www.getrevue.co/profile/CarbonBriefDailyBriefing/add_subscriber" method="post" id="revueForm" name="revue-form" target="_blank" class="dailybrief-signup"> <input class="revue-form-field" placeholder="Your email address..." type="email" name="member[email]" id="member_email" placeholder="myemail@address.com" class="email-address"> <div class="deDrop"> <select name="type" class="brief-type" id="brief-type"> <option data-action="https://www.getrevue.co/profile/CarbonBriefDailyBriefing/add_subscriber" value="daily" selected="selected">Daily Briefing</option> <option data-action="https://www.getrevue.co/profile/CarbonBriefWeeklyBriefing/add_subscriber" value="weekly">Weekly Briefing</option> <option data-action="https://www.getrevue.co/profile/ChinaWeekly" value="china">China</option> <option data-action="https://www.getrevue.co/profile/CarbonBriefCropped" value="cropped">Cropped</option> </select> </div> <input type="submit" value="Subscribe" name="member[subscribe]" id="member_submit" class="subscribe-button"> </form> </div> </div> --> </div> <div class="offCanvas-menu"> <ul id="mobile-navigation" class="mobile-navigation"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-42055"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/">Science</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42065"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/climate-modelling/">Climate modelling</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-42057"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/extreme-weather/">Extreme weather</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42058"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/extreme-weather/attribution/">Attribution</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42059"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/extreme-weather/drought/">Drought</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42060"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/extreme-weather/el-nino/">El Niño</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42061"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/extreme-weather/floods/">Floods</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42062"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/extreme-weather/heatwaves/">Heatwaves</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42063"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/extreme-weather/storms/">Storms</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42064"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/extreme-weather/wildfires/">Wildfires</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-42066"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/ice/">Ice</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42067"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/ice/antarctic/">Antarctic</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42068"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/ice/arctic/">Arctic</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42069"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/ice/glaciers/">Glaciers</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42070"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/ice/sea-ice/">Sea ice</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42071"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/ipcc/">IPCC</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-42076"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/oceans/">Oceans</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42077"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/oceans/marine-life/">Marine life</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42078"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/oceans/ocean-acidification/">Ocean acidification</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42079"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/oceans/ocean-warming/">Ocean warming</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42080"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/oceans/sea-level-rise/">Sea level rise</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-42081"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/people/">People</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42086"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/people/human-security/">Human security</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42082"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/people/public-health/">Public health</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42083"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/people/public-opinion/">Public opinion</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42084"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/people/risk-and-adaptation/">Risk and adaptation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42085"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/people/science-communication/">Science communication</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-42087"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/temperature/">Temperature</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42088"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/temperature/hiatus/">Hiatus</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42089"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/temperature/1-5c/">1.5C</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42090"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/temperature/carbon-budgets/">Carbon budgets</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42091"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/temperature/climate-sensitivity/">Climate sensitivity</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42094"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/geoengineering/">Geoengineering</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42092"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/temperature/ghgs-and-aerosols/">GHGs and aerosols</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42093"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/temperature/global-temperature/">Global temperature</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42095"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/temperature/negative-emissions/">Negative emissions</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42096"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/temperature/rest-of-world-temperature/">Rest of world temperature</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42097"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/temperature/tipping-points/">Tipping points</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42098"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/temperature/uk-temperature/">UK temperature</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42909"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/global-south-climate-database/">Global South Climate Database</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-42099"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/energy/">Energy</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42100"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/energy/coal/">Coal</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-42101"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/energy/emissions/">Emissions</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42102"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/energy/eu-emissions/">EU emissions</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42103"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/energy/emissions/global-emissions/">Global emissions</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42105"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/energy/emissions/rest-of-world-emissions/">Rest of world emissions</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42104"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/energy/emissions/uk-emissions/">UK emissions</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42106"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/energy/nuclear/">Nuclear</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42107"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/energy/oil-and-gas/">Oil and gas</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42108"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/energy/renewables/">Renewables</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42109"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/energy/technology/">Technology</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page current-page-ancestor current-menu-ancestor current-menu-parent current-page-parent current_page_parent current_page_ancestor menu-item-has-children menu-item-42148"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/">Policy</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page current-menu-item page_item page-item-41938 current_page_item menu-item-42112"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/china-policy/" aria-current="page">China Policy</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42113"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/eu-policy/">EU policy</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42114"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/international-policy/">International policy</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42115"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/rest-of-world-policy/">Rest of world policy</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42116"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/uk-policy/">UK policy</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-42117"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/un-climate-talks/">UN climate talks</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42118"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/un-climate-talks/cop21-paris/">COP21 Paris</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42119"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/un-climate-talks/cop22-marrakech/">COP22 Marrakech</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42120"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/un-climate-talks/cop23-bonn/">COP23 Bonn</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42121"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/un-climate-talks/cop24-katowice/">COP24 Katowice</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42122"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/un-climate-talks/cop25-madrid/">COP25 Madrid</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42123"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/un-climate-talks/cop26-glasgow/">COP26 Glasgow</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-44299"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/un-climate-talks/cop27-sharm-el-sheikh/">COP27 Sharm el-Sheikh</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-49675"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/un-climate-talks/cop28-dubai/">COP28 Dubai</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-54479"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/un-climate-talks/cop29-baku/">COP29 Baku</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42124"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/us-policy/">US Policy</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-51435"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/nature/">Nature</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-53906"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/nature/nature-policy/">Nature policy</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-53907"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/nature/nature-policy/cop16-cali/">COP16 Cali</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-53908"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/nature/food-and-farming/">Food and farming</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-53909"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/nature/plants-and-forests/">Plants and forests</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-53910"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/nature/wildlife/">Wildlife</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-42149"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/in-focus/">In focus</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42127"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/in-focus/country-profiles/">Country profiles</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42128"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/in-focus/explainers/">Explainers</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42129"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/in-focus/factchecks/">Factchecks</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42130"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/in-focus/features/">Features</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42131"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/in-focus/guest-posts/">Guest posts</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42132"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/in-focus/infographics/">Infographics</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42133"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/in-focus/interviews/">Interviews</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42134"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/in-focus/media-analysis/">Media analysis</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42143"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/in-focus/translations/">Translations</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42137"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/in-focus/webinars/">Webinars</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42138"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/daily-brief/">Daily Brief</a></li> </ul> </div> </header> <!-- / common header --> <script> jQuery(function() { jQuery(".menuID-").addClass("current-menu-item"); jQuery(".menuID-").parent().parent().addClass("menu-item-has-children"); jQuery(".menuID-").parent().parent().addClass("current-menu-parent"); }); </script> <div class="guten-block block-page-title pageTitle-standard block-page-title- bg-subcat" style="background-image:url(https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/in-focus-header.jpeg);""> <div class="container"> <div class="row breadcrumbs-container"> <div class="col-xs-12"> <p class="text-body-xs"> </p> </div> </div> <div class="row content"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-lg-12"> <div class="std-wrapper"> <p class="text-header-xl">China Policy</p> <ul class="sub-cat-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <span class="prev"><i class="fas fa-chevron-left"></i></span> <span class="next"><i class="fas fa-chevron-right"></i></span> </div> </div> </div> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { jQuery(window).on("resize load", function() { if (jQuery(".block-page-title .sub-cat-list").get(0).scrollWidth > jQuery(".block-page-title .sub-cat-list").width()) { jQuery(".block-page-title .sub-cat-list").closest(".pageTitle-standard").addClass("hScroll"); } else { jQuery(".block-page-title .sub-cat-list").closest(".pageTitle-standard").removeClass("hScroll"); } }).resize(); jQuery(function() { jQuery('.hScroll .next').click(function(event) { event.preventDefault(); jQuery('.sub-cat-list').animate({ scrollLeft: "+=100px" }, "fast"); }); jQuery('.hScroll .prev').click(function(event) { event.preventDefault(); jQuery('.sub-cat-list').animate({ scrollLeft: "-=100px" }, "fast"); }); }); }); </script> <!--BREAKING NEWS MODULE --> <!-- END OF BREAKING NEWS MODULE --> <!-- sub-topic view --> <div class="container-fluid noPadd"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-8 text-right sameHeight leftPer"> <div class="ePostC topCatSub"> <div class="topTitleC"><strong>LATEST IN</strong> CHINA POLICY</div> <hr /> <!-- item repeater --> <div class="esubBox " data-postid="54487"> <span> <img width="583" height="372" src="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/2WKE006-583x372.jpg" class="attachment-583x372 size-583x372 wp-post-image" alt="High-density residential apartments in Shanghai." decoding="async" loading="lazy" /> </span> <div class="esubDtls"> <h3><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/translations-analysis-no-growth-for-chinas-emissions-in-q3-2024-despite-coal-power-rebound/">分析:尽管煤电反弹,但中国2024年三季度碳排放未增长</a></h3> <p> 继中国的二氧化碳(CO2)排放量在2024年第二季度出现下降后,第三季度碳排放量与去年同期持平或略低。 Carbon... <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/translations-analysis-no-growth-for-chinas-emissions-in-q3-2024-despite-coal-power-rebound/" class="normalLink">Read More</a></p> <div class="catDate"> <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/in-focus/translations/">Translations</a> | Nov 5. 2024. </div> </div> </div> <!-- /item repeater --> <!-- item repeater --> <div class="esubBox " data-postid="54312"> <span> <img width="583" height="372" src="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/2YCN8M9-583x372.jpg" class="attachment-583x372 size-583x372 wp-post-image" alt="Chinese President Xi Jinping at the 16th BRICS summit, 23 October 2024, Russia." decoding="async" loading="lazy" /> </span> <div class="esubDtls"> <h3><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/experts-what-to-expect-in-chinas-climate-pledge-for-2035/">Experts: What to expect in China's climate pledge for 2035</a></h3> <p> The next round of “nationally determined contributions” (NDC) to the Paris Agreement, outlining countries’ climate goals to 2035, are due by Fe... <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/experts-what-to-expect-in-chinas-climate-pledge-for-2035/" class="normalLink">Read More</a></p> <div class="catDate"> <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/policy/china-policy/">China Policy</a> | Nov 1. 2024. </div> </div> </div> <!-- /item repeater --> <!-- item repeater --> <div class="esubBox " data-postid="53697"> <span> <img width="583" height="372" src="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/JK7PT0-583x372.jpg" class="attachment-583x372 size-583x372 wp-post-image" alt="Large steel mill production workshop, Shanghai, China." decoding="async" loading="lazy" /> </span> <div class="esubDtls"> <h3><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/explainer-chinas-carbon-market-to-cover-steel-aluminium-and-cement-in-2024/">Explainer: China’s carbon market to cover steel, aluminium and cement in 2024</a></h3> <p> China’s national emissions trading scheme (ETS) is already the world’s biggest carbon market. Earlier this month, the Ministry of Ecolog... <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/explainer-chinas-carbon-market-to-cover-steel-aluminium-and-cement-in-2024/" class="normalLink">Read More</a></p> <div class="catDate"> <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/policy/china-policy/">China Policy</a> | Sep 23. 2024. </div> </div> </div> <!-- /item repeater --> <!-- item repeater --> <div class="esubBox " data-postid="53549"> <span> <img width="583" height="372" src="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/2Y1450G-583x372.jpg" class="attachment-583x372 size-583x372 wp-post-image" alt="Chinese President Xi Jinping and foreign leader attend the 2024 Summit of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC)" decoding="async" loading="lazy" /> </span> <div class="esubDtls"> <h3><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/in-depth-chinas-finance-for-african-renewables-rebounds-after-two-year-lull/">In-depth: China’s finance for African renewables rebounds after two-year lull</a></h3> <p> New data reveals a rebound in Chinese financing of renewable energy projects in Africa in 2023, following a lull over the past few years. Cl... <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/in-depth-chinas-finance-for-african-renewables-rebounds-after-two-year-lull/" class="normalLink">Read More</a></p> <div class="catDate"> <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/policy/china-policy/">China Policy</a> | Sep 10. 2024. </div> </div> </div> <!-- /item repeater --> <!-- item repeater --> <div class="esubBox " data-postid="53326"> <span> <img width="583" height="372" src="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/2XG1EBN-583x372.jpg" class="attachment-583x372 size-583x372 wp-post-image" alt="Car carriers load cars for export at Yantai Port, Shandong province, China." decoding="async" loading="lazy" /> </span> <div class="esubDtls"> <h3><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/qa-the-global-trade-war-over-chinas-booming-ev-industry/">Q&A: The global ‘trade war’ over China’s booming EV industry</a></h3> <p> China’s “new energy vehicles” (NEVs) have been the centre of media and geopolitical attention in recent months. NEVs is a Chinese term... <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/qa-the-global-trade-war-over-chinas-booming-ev-industry/" class="normalLink">Read More</a></p> <div class="catDate"> <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/policy/china-policy/">China Policy</a> | Aug 28. 2024. </div> </div> </div> <!-- /item repeater --> <!-- item repeater --> <div class="esubBox " data-postid="52987"> <span> <img width="583" height="372" src="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/B2FJCA-583x372.jpg" class="attachment-583x372 size-583x372 wp-post-image" alt="Horse and carriage crosses the frozen Songhua River with the city of Harbin in background. Heilongjiang Province, China." decoding="async" loading="lazy" /> </span> <div class="esubDtls"> <h3><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/heat-pumps-could-help-cut-chinas-building-co2-emissions-by-75-says-iea/">Heat pumps could help cut China’s building CO2 emissions by 75%, says IEA</a></h3> <p> Wider adoption of heat pumps could accelerate decarbonisation of heating in China’s carbon-intensive buildings and light industry sectors, a report... <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/heat-pumps-could-help-cut-chinas-building-co2-emissions-by-75-says-iea/" class="normalLink">Read More</a></p> <div class="catDate"> <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/policy/china-policy/">China Policy</a> | Aug 2. 2024. </div> </div> </div> <!-- /item repeater --> <!-- item repeater --> <div class="esubBox " data-postid="52816"> <span> <img width="583" height="372" src="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/2HFKAN2-583x372.jpg" class="attachment-583x372 size-583x372 wp-post-image" alt="Chinese President Xi Jinping." decoding="async" loading="lazy" /> </span> <div class="esubDtls"> <h3><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/qa-what-chinas-push-for-new-quality-productive-forces-means-for-climate-action/">Q&A: What China’s push for ‘new quality productive forces’ means for climate action</a></h3> <p> China’s Third Plenum, an important five-yearly meeting traditionally associated with major economic reforms, concluded on 18 July in Beijing. Ob... <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/qa-what-chinas-push-for-new-quality-productive-forces-means-for-climate-action/" class="normalLink">Read More</a></p> <div class="catDate"> <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/policy/china-policy/">China Policy</a> | Jul 18. 2024. </div> </div> </div> <!-- /item repeater --> <!-- item repeater --> <div class="esubBox " data-postid="52491"> <span> <img width="583" height="372" src="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/2RT5NN0-583x372.jpg" class="attachment-583x372 size-583x372 wp-post-image" alt="A man carrying a child wades through floodwater in Guangzhou, south China." decoding="async" loading="lazy" /> </span> <div class="esubDtls"> <h3><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/qa-how-china-is-adapting-to-increasingly-frequent-flooding/">Q&A: How China is adapting to increasingly frequent flooding</a></h3> <p> Extreme weather events, such as heavy rainfall, flooding and heatwaves, have been described as the “new normal” for China. The country l... <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/qa-how-china-is-adapting-to-increasingly-frequent-flooding/" class="normalLink">Read More</a></p> <div class="catDate"> <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/policy/china-policy/">China Policy</a> | Jun 28. 2024. </div> </div> </div> <!-- /item repeater --> <!-- item repeater --> <div class="esubBox " data-postid="51909"> <span> <img width="583" height="372" src="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/2TC7RPT-583x372.jpg" class="attachment-583x372 size-583x372 wp-post-image" alt="Shuo Li, director of the China Climate Hub at the Asia Society, speaks to members of the media during the COP28 Climate Summit." decoding="async" loading="lazy" /> </span> <div class="esubDtls"> <h3><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/interview-chinas-position-on-international-climate-finance-ahead-of-cop29/">Interview: China’s position on ‘international climate finance’ ahead of COP29 </a></h3> <p> As part of the UN climate process, developed countries have been encouraged to donate "international climate finance" to help developing countries cu... <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/interview-chinas-position-on-international-climate-finance-ahead-of-cop29/" class="normalLink">Read More</a></p> <div class="catDate"> <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/policy/china-policy/">China Policy</a> | May 30. 2024. </div> </div> </div> <!-- /item repeater --> <!-- item repeater --> <div class="esubBox " data-postid="51599"> <span> <img width="583" height="372" src="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/2GG59XK-583x372.jpg" class="attachment-583x372 size-583x372 wp-post-image" alt="Solar power station, Dunhuang, China." decoding="async" loading="lazy" /> </span> <div class="esubDtls"> <h3><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/guest-post-how-chinas-energy-system-can-reach-carbon-neutrality-before-2055/">Guest post: How China’s energy system can reach carbon neutrality before 2055</a></h3> <p> China’s thinking around the energy transition shifted drastically in 2020 after president Xi Jinping pledged to reach carbon neutrality before 2060... <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/guest-post-how-chinas-energy-system-can-reach-carbon-neutrality-before-2055/" class="normalLink">Read More</a></p> <div class="catDate"> <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/policy/china-policy/">China Policy</a> | May 15. 2024. </div> </div> </div> <!-- /item repeater --> <!-- item repeater --> <div class="esubBox " data-postid="50741"> <span> <img width="583" height="372" src="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/2WP0A0B-583x372.jpg" class="attachment-583x372 size-583x372 wp-post-image" alt="The National People's Congress at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing, China." decoding="async" loading="lazy" /> </span> <div class="esubDtls"> <h3><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/qa-what-does-chinas-two-sessions-mean-for-climate-policy-in-2024/">Q&A: What does China’s ‘two sessions’ mean for climate policy in 2024?</a></h3> <p> China’s annual lianghui (两会) – also known as the “two sessions” – ended on 11 March, drawing the curtain on a key political e... <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/qa-what-does-chinas-two-sessions-mean-for-climate-policy-in-2024/" class="normalLink">Read More</a></p> <div class="catDate"> <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/policy/china-policy/">China Policy</a> | Mar 13. 2024. </div> </div> </div> <!-- /item repeater --> <div id="loadcontainer"></div> <input type="hidden" value="" name="term" class="searchsummary" /> <input type="hidden" value="" name="user" class="searchsummary" /> <input type="hidden" value="2214" name="topic" class="searchsummary" /> <input type="hidden" value="" name="mf" class="searchsummary" /> <input type="hidden" value="" name="mt" class="searchsummary" /> <input type="hidden" value="" name="yf" class="searchsummary" /> <input type="hidden" value="" name="yt" class="searchsummary" /> <input type="hidden" value="1" name="currpage" class="searchsummary" /> <input type="hidden" value="12" name="offset" class="searchsummary" /> <input type="hidden" value="12" name="items" class="searchsummary" /> <input type="hidden" value="large" name="layout" class="searchsummary" /> <input type="hidden" value="loadmore" name="action" class="searchsummary" /> <input type="hidden" value="false" name="allowsorting" class="searchsummary" /> <!--<div class="ePostC catSmll subCatSmall">--> <!--<div class="col-md-6"><a href=""></a><div class="catDtls"><h3></h3><div class="catDate"><a href=""></a> | </div></div></div>--> <div class="col-md-12 text-center moreSrc"> <a href="#" class="loadMore"><i class="moreIcon"></i></a> <h5>Load Older</h5> <h6>or</h6> <form method="get" action="https://www.carbonbrief.org/search/"> <div class="searchBtm"> <input type="submit" class="magniIcon" /> <input type="hidden" value="2214" name="topic" /> <input name="term" class="s" type="text" placeholder="Search for articles by keyword" /> <input type="submit" /> </div> </form> </div> </div> <!-- Signup Newsletter --> <!-- Daily Brief Signup Module --> <div class="block-newsletter static-template block-newsletter-67478ff1b7075"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12"> <p class="title">Expert analysis direct to your inbox.</p> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 hidden-xs"> <p class="body" style="padding-top: 0.5em">Get a round-up of all the important articles and papers selected by Carbon Brief by email. Find out more about our newsletters <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/newsletter-sign-up" style="text-decoration: underline;">here</a>.</p> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 visible-xs-block"> <p class="body" style="padding-top: 0.5em">Get a round-up of all the important articles and papers selected by Carbon Brief by email. Find out more about our newsletters <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/newsletter-sign-up" style="text-decoration: underline;">here</a>.</p> </div> <div class="ml-embedded" data-form="W0jlyL"></div> </div> <!-- <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12"> <div id="revue-embed-block" class="form-wrapper"> <form action="https://www.getrevue.co/profile/CarbonBriefDailyBriefing/add_subscriber" method="post" id="revueForm-block" name="revue-form" target="_blank" class="dailybrief-signup"> <input class="revue-form-field email" placeholder="Your email address..." type="email" name="member[email]" id="member_email" placeholder="myemail@address.com" class="email-address"> <select name="type" class="brief-type select-brief" id="brief-type-block"> <option data-action="https://www.getrevue.co/profile/CarbonBriefDailyBriefing/add_subscriber" value="daily" selected="selected">Daily Briefing</option> <option data-action="https://www.getrevue.co/profile/CarbonBriefWeeklyBriefing/add_subscriber" value="weekly">Weekly Briefing</option> <option data-action="https://www.getrevue.co/profile/ChinaWeekly" value="china">China</option> <option data-action="https://www.getrevue.co/profile/CarbonBriefCropped" value="cropped">Cropped</option> </select> <input type="submit" value="Subscribe" name="member[subscribe]" id="member_submit" class="subscribe-button"> </form> </div> </div> --> <!-- </div> --> </div> </div> <script> (function($) { // Daily brief, signup form switcher jQuery(".block-newsletter-67478ff1b7075 #brief-type-block").change(function() { var dailyURL = "https://www.getrevue.co/profile/CarbonBriefDailyBriefing/add_subscriber"; var weeklyURL = "https://www.getrevue.co/profile/CarbonBriefWeeklyBriefing/add_subscriber"; var action = jQuery(this).val() == "daily" ? dailyURL : weeklyURL; jQuery(".block-newsletter-67478ff1b7075 #revueForm-block").attr("action", action); }); })(jQuery); </script> <!-- End of Daily Brief Signup Module --> <!-- Signup Newsletter - END --> </div> <div class="col-md-4 rightGrey sameHeight rightPer"> <!-- <div class="popArt"> <div class="rytTitle">Popular in China Policy </div> <div> <div class="eArtTop"> <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/analysis-coronavirus-has-temporarily-reduced-chinas-co2-emissions-by-a-quarter/"><img width="270" height="180" src="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Hospital-in-Shanghai-closed-270x180.jpg" class="attachment-medlisting size-medlisting wp-post-image" alt="Hospital main gate closed over tighter patient control after Coronavirus outbreak in China." decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Hospital-in-Shanghai-closed-270x180.jpg 270w, https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Hospital-in-Shanghai-closed-300x200.jpg 300w, https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Hospital-in-Shanghai-closed-1024x682.jpg 1024w, https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Hospital-in-Shanghai-closed-768x512.jpg 768w, https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Hospital-in-Shanghai-closed-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Hospital-in-Shanghai-closed-107x71.jpg 107w, https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Hospital-in-Shanghai-closed-200x133.jpg 200w, https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Hospital-in-Shanghai-closed-420x280.jpg 420w, https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Hospital-in-Shanghai-closed.jpg 1550w" sizes="(max-width: 270px) 100vw, 270px" /></a> <h3><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/analysis-coronavirus-has-temporarily-reduced-chinas-co2-emissions-by-a-quarter/">Analysis: Coronavirus temporarily reduced China’s CO2 emissions by a quarter</a></h3> <div class="catDate"> <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/policy/china-policy/">China Policy</a> | 19.02.20 </div> </div> <div class="eArt"> <span> <h3><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/analysis-will-china-build-hundreds-of-new-coal-plants-in-the-2020s/">Analysis: Will China build hundreds of new coal plants in the 2020s?</a></h3> <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/in-focus/guest-posts/">Guest posts</a> | 24.03.20 </span> <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/analysis-will-china-build-hundreds-of-new-coal-plants-in-the-2020s/"><img width="71" height="71" src="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/coal-fire-power-plant-being-constructer-in-inner-mongolia-71x71.jpg" class="attachment-smallPic size-smallPic wp-post-image" alt="Coal fired power plant being constructed in Inner Mongolia, China. Credit: Nature Picture Library / Alamy Stock Photo" decoding="async" loading="lazy" /></a> </div> <div class="eArt"> <span> <h3><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/beijing-severe-haze-could-be-fifty-per-cent-more-frequent-under-climate-change/">Guest post: Beijing ‘severe haze’ could be 50% more frequent under climate change</a></h3> <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/in-focus/guest-posts/">Guest posts</a> | 20.03.17 </span> <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/beijing-severe-haze-could-be-fifty-per-cent-more-frequent-under-climate-change/"><img width="71" height="71" src="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/smog-beijing-1-71x71.jpg" class="attachment-smallPic size-smallPic wp-post-image" alt="Smog over the Forbidden City in Beijing, China." decoding="async" loading="lazy" /></a> </div> <div class="eArt"> <span> <h3><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/in-depth-qa-will-chinas-emissions-trading-scheme-help-tackle-climate-change/">In-depth Q&A: Will China’s emissions trading scheme help tackle climate change?</a></h3> <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/policy/china-policy/">China Policy</a> | 24.06.21 </span> <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/in-depth-qa-will-chinas-emissions-trading-scheme-help-tackle-climate-change/"><img width="71" height="71" src="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Datang-Taiyuan-No-2-power-plant-in-Chinas-Shanxi-province-71x71.jpg" class="attachment-smallPic size-smallPic wp-post-image" alt="Datang Taiyuan No 2 power plant in China’s Shanxi province." decoding="async" loading="lazy" /></a> </div> <div class="eArt"> <span> <h3><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/analysis-global-fossil-fuel-emissions-up-zero-point-six-per-cent-in-2019-due-to-china/">Analysis: Global fossil-fuel emissions up 0.6% in 2019 due to China</a></h3> <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/policy/china-policy/">China Policy</a> | 04.12.19 </span> <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/analysis-global-fossil-fuel-emissions-up-zero-point-six-per-cent-in-2019-due-to-china/"><img width="71" height="71" src="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/beijing-china-traffic-CFKCFE-71x71.jpg" class="attachment-smallPic size-smallPic wp-post-image" alt="Traffic in Beijing, China. Credit: Lou-Foto / Alamy Stock Photo. CFKCFE" decoding="async" loading="lazy" /></a> </div> </div> </div> --> <div class="block-popular-articles guten-block block-newsletter-67478ff1b7075 "> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12"> <p class="text-header-l text-bold title"> POPULAR IN CHINA POLICY </p> </div> </div> <div class="row popular-posts"> <div class="col-xs-12"> <div class="pp-wrapper"> <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/analysis-coronavirus-has-temporarily-reduced-chinas-co2-emissions-by-a-quarter/"><img width="270" height="180" src="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Hospital-in-Shanghai-closed-270x180.jpg" class="attachment-medlisting size-medlisting wp-post-image" alt="Hospital main gate closed over tighter patient control after Coronavirus outbreak in China." decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Hospital-in-Shanghai-closed-270x180.jpg 270w, https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Hospital-in-Shanghai-closed-300x200.jpg 300w, https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Hospital-in-Shanghai-closed-1024x682.jpg 1024w, https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Hospital-in-Shanghai-closed-768x512.jpg 768w, https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Hospital-in-Shanghai-closed-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Hospital-in-Shanghai-closed-107x71.jpg 107w, https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Hospital-in-Shanghai-closed-200x133.jpg 200w, https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Hospital-in-Shanghai-closed-420x280.jpg 420w, https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Hospital-in-Shanghai-closed.jpg 1550w" sizes="(max-width: 270px) 100vw, 270px" /></a> <p class="text-header-s"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/analysis-coronavirus-has-temporarily-reduced-chinas-co2-emissions-by-a-quarter/">Analysis: Coronavirus temporarily reduced China’s CO2 emissions by a quarter</a></p> <div class="meta-info d-flex justify-content-start align-items-center"> <p class="text-tag-s d-none"> <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/policy/china-policy/">China Policy</a> | </p> <span class="pipe-spacer d-none">|</span> <p class="text-tag-meta">19.02.20</p> </div> </div> <!-- <div class="eArtTop"> <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/analysis-coronavirus-has-temporarily-reduced-chinas-co2-emissions-by-a-quarter/"><img width="270" height="180" src="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Hospital-in-Shanghai-closed-270x180.jpg" class="attachment-medlisting size-medlisting wp-post-image" alt="Hospital main gate closed over tighter patient control after Coronavirus outbreak in China." decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Hospital-in-Shanghai-closed-270x180.jpg 270w, https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Hospital-in-Shanghai-closed-300x200.jpg 300w, https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Hospital-in-Shanghai-closed-1024x682.jpg 1024w, https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Hospital-in-Shanghai-closed-768x512.jpg 768w, https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Hospital-in-Shanghai-closed-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Hospital-in-Shanghai-closed-107x71.jpg 107w, https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Hospital-in-Shanghai-closed-200x133.jpg 200w, https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Hospital-in-Shanghai-closed-420x280.jpg 420w, https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Hospital-in-Shanghai-closed.jpg 1550w" sizes="(max-width: 270px) 100vw, 270px" /></a> <h3><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/analysis-coronavirus-has-temporarily-reduced-chinas-co2-emissions-by-a-quarter/">Analysis: Coronavirus temporarily reduced China’s CO2 emissions by a quarter</a></h3> <div class="catDate"> <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/policy/china-policy/">China Policy</a> | 19.02.20 </div> </div> --> <div class="pp-wrapper"> <p class="text-header-s"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/analysis-will-china-build-hundreds-of-new-coal-plants-in-the-2020s/">Analysis: Will China build hundreds of new coal plants in the 2020s?</a></p> <div class="meta-info d-flex justify-content-start align-items-center"> <p class="text-tag-s d-none"> <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/in-focus/guest-posts/">Guest posts</a> | </p> <span class="pipe-spacer d-none">|</span> <p class="text-tag-meta">24.03.20</p> </div> </div> <div class="pp-wrapper"> <p class="text-header-s"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/beijing-severe-haze-could-be-fifty-per-cent-more-frequent-under-climate-change/">Guest post: Beijing ‘severe haze’ could be 50% more frequent under climate change</a></p> <div class="meta-info d-flex justify-content-start align-items-center"> <p class="text-tag-s d-none"> <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/in-focus/guest-posts/">Guest posts</a> | </p> <span class="pipe-spacer d-none">|</span> <p class="text-tag-meta">20.03.17</p> </div> </div> <div class="pp-wrapper"> <p class="text-header-s"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/in-depth-qa-will-chinas-emissions-trading-scheme-help-tackle-climate-change/">In-depth Q&A: Will China’s emissions trading scheme help tackle climate change?</a></p> <div class="meta-info d-flex justify-content-start align-items-center"> <p class="text-tag-s d-none"> <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/policy/china-policy/">China Policy</a> | </p> <span class="pipe-spacer d-none">|</span> <p class="text-tag-meta">24.06.21</p> </div> </div> <div class="pp-wrapper"> <p class="text-header-s"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/analysis-global-fossil-fuel-emissions-up-zero-point-six-per-cent-in-2019-due-to-china/">Analysis: Global fossil-fuel emissions up 0.6% in 2019 due to China</a></p> <div class="meta-info d-flex justify-content-start align-items-center"> <p class="text-tag-s d-none"> <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/policy/china-policy/">China Policy</a> | </p> <span class="pipe-spacer d-none">|</span> <p class="text-tag-meta">04.12.19</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { jQuery('.wpp-list .text-tag-s a').parent().children().not(':first-child').remove(); var div = jQuery('.wpp-list .text-tag-s'); div.html(div.html().replace(/\,/g, '')); }); </script> </div> </div> </div> <!-- /sub-topic --><!-- footer.php --> </div> <!-- close #mainC --> <footer> <div class="container"> <div class="backTop"> <a href="#topBack"><i class="backTop"></i></a> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-5"> <div class="ftrLogo"><img src="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/themes/carbonbrief/images/logoFtr.png" alt="" /></div> <p>Published under a <a target="_blank" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode">CC license</a>. You are welcome to reproduce unadapted material in full for non-commercial use, credited ‘Carbon Brief’ with a link to the article. Please contact us for commercial use.</p> </div> <div class="col-md-7"> <div class="eFtr secBtm"> <h4>SECTIONS</h4> <div class="menu-footer-menu-1-container"><ul id="menu-footer-menu-1" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-14716" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-14716 menuID-1"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/science/">Science</a></li> <li id="menu-item-14718" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-14718 menuID-2"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/energy/">Energy</a></li> <li id="menu-item-14717" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category current-category-ancestor menu-item-14717 menuID-3"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/policy/">Policy</a></li> <li id="menu-item-14719" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-14719 menuID-4"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/in-focus/">In Focus</a></li> <li id="menu-item-41770" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-41770"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/china-briefing/">China Briefing</a></li> <li id="menu-item-41769" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-41769"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/cropped/">Cropped</a></li> </ul></div> </div> <div class="eFtr aboutBtm"> <h4>ABOUT</h4> <div class="menu-footer-menu-2-container"><ul id="menu-footer-menu-2" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-47078" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-47078"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/about-us/">About us</a></li> <li id="menu-item-14723" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-14723"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/contact-us/">Contact Us</a></li> <li id="menu-item-48260" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-48260"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/newsletter-sign-up/">Newsletters</a></li> <li id="menu-item-14721" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-14721"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/privacy/">Privacy Policy</a></li> <li id="menu-item-14720" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-14720"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/cookies/">Cookie Policy</a></li> <li id="menu-item-36807" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-36807"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/comments-policy/">Comments Policy</a></li> </ul></div> </div> <div class="eFtr smBtm"> <h4>SOCIAL</h4> <div class="menu-footer-menu-3-container"><ul id="menu-footer-menu-3" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-55242" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-55242"><a href="https://bsky.app/profile/did:plc:2d6kuvaoa7qi6bq5cwq4isee">BlueSky</a></li> <li id="menu-item-41823" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-41823"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://twitter.com/CarbonBrief">Twitter</a></li> <li id="menu-item-14725" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-14725"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/carbon-brief/">LinkedIn</a></li> <li id="menu-item-28447" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-28447"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.instagram.com/carbonbrief">Instagram</a></li> <li id="menu-item-14726" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-14726"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCiXgvmQ2jUgUjRpJzvga5Tg">YouTube</a></li> <li id="menu-item-14724" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-14724"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.facebook.com/carbonbrief">Facebook</a></li> </ul></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ftrSM"> <a href="https://twitter.com/CarbonBrief" target="_blank"><i class="fsmTwtr"></i></a> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/carbonbrief" target="_blank"><i class="fsmFB"></i></a> <a href="https://www.instagram.com/carbonbrief" target="_blank"><i class="fsmInst"></i></a> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCiXgvmQ2jUgUjRpJzvga5Tg" target="_blank"><i class="fsmYT"></i></a> </div> <hr /> <div class="container ftrBtm"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-8" style="color: white">Published by Carbon Brief Ltd © <span>2024</span> - Company No. 07222041</div> </div> </div> </footer> <!-- / footer --> <script type="text/javascript"> var currentPageLink = 'https://www.carbonbrief.org/analysis-global-fossil-fuel-emissions-up-zero-point-six-per-cent-in-2019-due-to-china/'; </script> <script src="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/themes/carbonbrief/js/jquery.1.11.3.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/themes/carbonbrief/js/bootstrap.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/themes/carbonbrief/js/Autolinker.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/themes/carbonbrief/js/owl.carousel.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/themes/carbonbrief/js/moment.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/themes/carbonbrief/js/slick.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/themes/carbonbrief/js/jquery.matchHeight.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/themes/carbonbrief/js/jquery.webticker.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/themes/carbonbrief/js/general.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/themes/carbonbrief/js/bootstrap-datepicker.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/themes/carbonbrief/js/jquery.fullsizable.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/themes/carbonbrief/js/screenfull.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/themes/carbonbrief/js/twitter.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script> window.twttr = (function(d, s, id) { var js, fjs = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], t = window.twttr || {}; if (d.getElementById(id)) return t; js = d.createElement(s); js.id = id; js.src = "https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js"; fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs); t._e = []; t.ready = function(f) { t._e.push(f); }; return t; }(document, "script", "twitter-wjs")); </script> <script> window.fbAsyncInit = function() { FB.init({ appId: '825336777587820', xfbml: true, version: 'v2.4' }); }; (function(d, s, id){ var js, fjs = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0]; if (d.getElementById(id)) {return;} js = d.createElement(s); js.id = id; js.src = "//connect.facebook.net/en_US/sdk.js"; fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs); }(document, 'script', 'facebook-jssdk')); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> $(document).ready(function() { // $.get( "http://graph.facebook.com/?id="+window.location.href, function( data ) { // if(data.shares > 0) { // $('.shareCount').html('<i class="shareTopIcon"></i> '+data.shares+' Social shares'); // }; // }); }); </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-includes/js/dist/hooks.min.js?ver=2810c76e705dd1a53b18" id="wp-hooks-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-includes/js/dist/i18n.min.js?ver=5e580eb46a90c2b997e6" id="wp-i18n-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="wp-i18n-js-after"> /* <![CDATA[ */ wp.i18n.setLocaleData( { 'text direction\u0004ltr': [ 'ltr' ] } ); /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/plugins/contact-form-7/includes/swv/js/index.js?ver=5.9.8" id="swv-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="contact-form-7-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var wpcf7 = {"api":{"root":"https:\/\/www.carbonbrief.org\/wp-json\/","namespace":"contact-form-7\/v1"},"cached":"1"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/plugins/contact-form-7/includes/js/index.js?ver=5.9.8" id="contact-form-7-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="ppress-frontend-script-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var pp_ajax_form = {"ajaxurl":"https:\/\/www.carbonbrief.org\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","confirm_delete":"Are you sure?","deleting_text":"Deleting...","deleting_error":"An error occurred. Please try again.","nonce":"3db0fed0b9","disable_ajax_form":"false","is_checkout":"0","is_checkout_tax_enabled":"0"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/plugins/wp-user-avatar/assets/js/frontend.min.js?ver=4.15.13" id="ppress-frontend-script-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/core.min.js?ver=1.13.3" id="jquery-ui-core-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/menu.min.js?ver=1.13.3" id="jquery-ui-menu-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-includes/js/dist/dom-ready.min.js?ver=f77871ff7694fffea381" id="wp-dom-ready-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="wp-a11y-js-translations"> /* <![CDATA[ */ ( function( domain, translations ) { var localeData = translations.locale_data[ domain ] || translations.locale_data.messages; localeData[""].domain = domain; wp.i18n.setLocaleData( localeData, domain ); } )( "default", {"translation-revision-date":"2024-07-09 16:06:37+0000","generator":"GlotPress\/4.0.1","domain":"messages","locale_data":{"messages":{"":{"domain":"messages","plural-forms":"nplurals=2; plural=n != 1;","lang":"en_GB"},"Notifications":["Notifications"]}},"comment":{"reference":"wp-includes\/js\/dist\/a11y.js"}} ); /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-includes/js/dist/a11y.min.js?ver=d90eebea464f6c09bfd5" id="wp-a11y-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/autocomplete.min.js?ver=1.13.3" id="jquery-ui-autocomplete-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="my_search-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var UserSearch = {"url":"https:\/\/www.carbonbrief.org\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/themes/carbonbrief/js/search.js" id="my_search-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.google.com/recaptcha/api.js?render=6LdnL6IUAAAAAABqRBs9TKUDXXRCcAccPz4OadVi&ver=3.0" id="google-recaptcha-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-includes/js/dist/vendor/wp-polyfill.min.js?ver=3.15.0" id="wp-polyfill-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="wpcf7-recaptcha-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var wpcf7_recaptcha = {"sitekey":"6LdnL6IUAAAAAABqRBs9TKUDXXRCcAccPz4OadVi","actions":{"homepage":"homepage","contactform":"contactform"}}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/plugins/contact-form-7/modules/recaptcha/index.js?ver=5.9.8" id="wpcf7-recaptcha-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="search-filter-plugin-build-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var SF_LDATA = {"ajax_url":"https:\/\/www.carbonbrief.org\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","home_url":"https:\/\/www.carbonbrief.org\/","extensions":[]}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/plugins/search-filter-pro/public/assets/js/search-filter-build.min.js?ver=2.5.11" id="search-filter-plugin-build-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/plugins/search-filter-pro/public/assets/js/chosen.jquery.min.js?ver=2.5.11" id="search-filter-plugin-chosen-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/datepicker.min.js?ver=1.13.3" id="jquery-ui-datepicker-js"></script> </body> </html>