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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-How_to_add_an_edit_summary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#How_to_add_an_edit_summary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>How to add an edit summary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-How_to_add_an_edit_summary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Edits_should_be_explained" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Edits_should_be_explained"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Edits should be explained</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Edits_should_be_explained-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-How_to_write_an_edit_summary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#How_to_write_an_edit_summary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>How to write an edit summary</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-How_to_write_an_edit_summary-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle How to write an edit summary subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-How_to_write_an_edit_summary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-What_to_avoid_in_edit_summaries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#What_to_avoid_in_edit_summaries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>What to avoid in edit summaries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-What_to_avoid_in_edit_summaries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Use_of_edit_summaries_in_disputes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Use_of_edit_summaries_in_disputes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Use of edit summaries in disputes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Use_of_edit_summaries_in_disputes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fixing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fixing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Fixing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fixing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Edit_summary_properties_and_features" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Edit_summary_properties_and_features"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Edit summary properties and features</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Edit_summary_properties_and_features-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Edit summary properties and features subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Edit_summary_properties_and_features-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Places_where_the_edit_summary_appears" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Places_where_the_edit_summary_appears"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Places where the edit summary appears</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Places_where_the_edit_summary_appears-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Section_editing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Section_editing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Section editing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Section_editing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Automatic_summaries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Automatic_summaries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Automatic summaries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Automatic_summaries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tags" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tags"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.1</span> <span>Tags</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tags-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_for_experienced_users" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_for_experienced_users"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notes for experienced users</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notes_for_experienced_users-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Notes for experienced users subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notes_for_experienced_users-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_500-character_limit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_500-character_limit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>The 500-character limit</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_500-character_limit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-namespace">Help</span><span class="mw-page-title-separator">:</span><span class="mw-page-title-main">Edit summary</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 65 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-65" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">65 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilfe:Zusammenfassung_und_Quelle" title="Hilfe:Zusammenfassung und Quelle – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Hilfe:Zusammenfassung und Quelle" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:%C4%8Cu%C3%A1k%C3%A1nki%C3%A4su" title="Wikipedia:Čuákánkiäsu – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Wikipedia:Čuákánkiäsu" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C7%A3dia:Edit_summary" title="Wikipǣdia:Edit summary – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Wikipǣdia:Edit summary" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A9:%D9%85%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%B5_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%84" title="مساعدة:ملخص التعديل – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مساعدة:ملخص التعديل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC:%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B6" title="সহায়:সম্পাদনা সাৰাংশ – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="সহায়:সম্পাদনা সাৰাংশ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6m%C9%99k:D%C3%BCz%C9%99li%C5%9F_izah%C4%B1" title="Kömək:Düzəliş izahı – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kömək:Düzəliş izahı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A4%D9%85%DA%A9:%D8%AF%DB%8C%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%87_%D9%82%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="کؤمک:دییشدیرمه قیساسی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کؤمک:دییشدیرمه قیساسی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF:%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B6" title="সাহায্য:সম্পাদনা সারাংশ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সাহায্য:সম্পাদনা সারাংশ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%90%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Вікіпедыя:Апісанне змен – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Вікіпедыя:Апісанне змен" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B6" title="मदद:संपादन सारांश – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="मदद:संपादन सारांश" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B7%D1%8E%D0%BC%D0%B5" title="Уикипедия:Резюме – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Уикипедия:Резюме" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajuda:Resum_de_la_modificaci%C3%B3" title="Ajuda:Resum de la modificació – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ajuda:Resum de la modificació" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedie:Shrnut%C3%AD_editace" title="Wikipedie:Shrnutí editace – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Wikipedie:Shrnutí editace" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hj%C3%A6lp:Redigeringsopsummering" title="Hjælp:Redigeringsopsummering – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Hjælp:Redigeringsopsummering" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:%C4%8Coahkk%C3%A1igeassu" title="Wikipedia:Čoahkkáigeassu – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Wikipedia:Čoahkkáigeassu" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilfe:Zusammenfassung_und_Quellen" title="Hilfe:Zusammenfassung und Quellen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hilfe:Zusammenfassung und Quellen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%BF%CE%AE%CE%B8%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B1:%CE%A3%CF%8D%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%88%CE%B7_%CE%B5%CF%80%CE%B5%CE%BE%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Βοήθεια:Σύνοψη επεξεργασίας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βοήθεια:Σύνοψη επεξεργασίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikipedio:Resumo" title="Vikipedio:Resumo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Vikipedio:Resumo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7:%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%87_%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B4" title="راهنما:خلاصه ویرایش – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="راهنما:خلاصه ویرایش" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aide:Bo%C3%AEte_de_r%C3%A9sum%C3%A9" title="Aide:Boîte de résumé – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Aide:Boîte de résumé" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axuda:Resumo_de_edici%C3%B3n" title="Axuda:Resumo de edición – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Axuda:Resumo de edición" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8F%84%EC%9B%80%EB%A7%90:%ED%8E%B8%EC%A7%91_%EC%9A%94%EC%95%BD" title="도움말:편집 요약 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="도움말:편집 요약" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%95%D5%A3%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6:%D4%BD%D5%B4%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%A3%D6%80%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A1%D5%B4%D6%83%D5%B8%D6%83%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Օգնություն:Խմբագրման ամփոփում – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Օգնություն:Խմբագրման ամփոփում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedija:Sa%C5%BEetak" title="Wikipedija:Sažetak – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Wikipedija:Sažetak" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulong:Pakabuklan_ti_inurnos" title="Tulong:Pakabuklan ti inurnos – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Tulong:Pakabuklan ti inurnos" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantuan:Ringkasan_suntingan" title="Bantuan:Ringkasan suntingan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bantuan:Ringkasan suntingan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hj%C3%A1lp:Breytingar%C3%A1grip" title="Hjálp:Breytingarágrip – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Hjálp:Breytingarágrip" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aiuto:Oggetto" title="Aiuto:Oggetto – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Aiuto:Oggetto" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%96%D7%A8%D7%94:%D7%AA%D7%A7%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%A8_%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9B%D7%94" title="עזרה:תקציר עריכה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עזרה:תקציר עריכה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Ringkesan" title="Wikipédia:Ringkesan – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Wikipédia:Ringkesan" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%90:%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%96%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94" title="ვიკიპედია:რეზიუმე – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ვიკიპედია:რეზიუმე" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%8E%D8%AF%D9%8E%D8%AA%DA%BE:%D8%A7%D8%A0%DA%88%D9%90%D9%B9_%D8%AE%D9%8F%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B5%DB%81%D9%95" title="مَدَتھ:اؠڈِٹ خُلاصہٕ – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="مَدَتھ:اؠڈِٹ خُلاصہٕ" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D3%A8%D2%A3%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%96%D2%A3_%D1%82%D2%AF%D0%B9%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%96" title="Уикипедия:Өңдеменің түйіндемесі – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Уикипедия:Өңдеменің түйіндемесі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Szerkeszt%C3%A9si_%C3%B6sszefoglal%C3%B3" title="Wikipédia:Szerkesztési összefoglaló – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Wikipédia:Szerkesztési összefoglaló" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF:%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B6" title="सहाय्य:संपादन सारांश – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="सहाय्य:संपादन सारांश" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantuan:Ringkasan_suntingan" title="Bantuan:Ringkasan suntingan – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bantuan:Ringkasan suntingan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Samenvatting" title="Help:Samenvatting – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Help:Samenvatting" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:%E8%A6%81%E7%B4%84%E6%AC%84" title="Help:要約欄 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Help:要約欄" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hjelp:Redigeringsforklaring" title="Hjelp:Redigeringsforklaring – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Hjelp:Redigeringsforklaring" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hjelp:Endringssamandrag" title="Hjelp:Endringssamandrag – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Hjelp:Endringssamandrag" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%B9%E0%AC%AF%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%97:Edit_summary" title="ସହଯୋଗ:Edit summary – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ସହଯୋଗ:Edit summary" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yordam:Tahrir_izohi" title="Yordam:Tahrir izohi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Yordam:Tahrir izohi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Opis_zmian" title="Wikipedia:Opis zmian – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wikipedia:Opis zmian" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajuda:Guia_de_edi%C3%A7%C3%A3o/Menus_e_ferramentas/Sum%C3%A1rio_de_edi%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Ajuda:Guia de edição/Menus e ferramentas/Sumário de edição – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ajuda:Guia de edição/Menus e ferramentas/Sumário de edição" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Descrierea_modific%C4%83rilor" title="Wikipedia:Descrierea modificărilor – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Wikipedia:Descrierea modificărilor" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%9E%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Википедия:Описание изменений – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Википедия:Описание изменений" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Change_summary" title="Wikipedia:Change summary – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Wikipedia:Change summary" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%AF:%D8%B3%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%AC" title="مدد:سنوار تات پرج – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="مدد:سنوار تات پرج" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Zhrnutie_%C3%BAprav" title="Wikipédia:Zhrnutie úprav – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Wikipédia:Zhrnutie úprav" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedija:Povzetek_urejanja" title="Wikipedija:Povzetek urejanja – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Wikipedija:Povzetek urejanja" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%85%DB%95%D8%AA%DB%8C:%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA%DB%95%DB%8C_%D8%AF%DB%95%D8%B3%D8%AA%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="یارمەتی:کورتەی دەستکاری – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="یارمەتی:کورتەی دەستکاری" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%9B:%D0%9E%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Помоћ:Опис измене – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Помоћ:Опис измене" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomo%C4%87:Sa%C5%BEetak_izmjene" title="Pomoć:Sažetak izmjene – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Pomoć:Sažetak izmjene" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Yhteenveto" title="Wikipedia:Yhteenveto – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Wikipedia:Yhteenveto" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Sammanfattningsf%C3%A4ltet" title="Wikipedia:Sammanfattningsfältet – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Wikipedia:Sammanfattningsfältet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF:%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="உதவி:தொகுத்தல் சுருக்கம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="உதவி:தொகுத்தல் சுருக்கம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82:%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%81_%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%B6%E0%B0%82" title="సహాయం:దిద్దుబాటు సారాంశం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="సహాయం:దిద్దుబాటు సారాంశం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89:%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%82" title="วิธีใช้:ความย่อการแก้ไข – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="วิธีใช้:ความย่อการแก้ไข" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yard%C4%B1m:De%C4%9Fi%C5%9Fiklik_%C3%B6zeti" title="Yardım:Değişiklik özeti – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yardım:Değişiklik özeti" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%B0:%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Довідка:Короткий опис редагування – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Довідка:Короткий опис редагування" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA:%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B5%DB%81_%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%85" title="معاونت:خلاصہ ترمیم – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="معاونت:خلاصہ ترمیم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%E1%BB%A3_gi%C3%BAp:T%C3%B3m_l%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3c_s%E1%BB%ADa_%C4%91%E1%BB%95i" title="Trợ giúp:Tóm lược sửa đổi – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Trợ giúp:Tóm lược sửa đổi" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%A3:%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A5_%D7%95%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%98" title="הילף:קורץ ווארט – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="הילף:קורץ ווארט" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:%E7%B7%A8%E8%BC%AF%E6%91%98%E8%A6%81" title="Help:編輯摘要 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="Help:編輯摘要" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%B7%A8%E8%BC%AF%E6%91%98%E8%A6%81" title="Wikipedia:編輯摘要 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="Wikipedia:編輯摘要" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q4533519#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-help" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Edit_summary" title="View the help page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Help page</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help_talk:Edit_summary" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to 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vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Edit_summary"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-viewsource" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Edit_summary&action=edit"><span>View source</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Edit_summary&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Help:Edit_summary" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Help:Edit_summary" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Edit_summary&oldid=1248333919" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Edit_summary&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FHelp%3AEdit_summary"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FHelp%3AEdit_summary"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Help%3AEdit_summary&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Edit_summary&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Edit_summary" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-mediawiki mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Edit_summary" hreflang="en"><span>MediaWiki</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikinews mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Help:Edit_summary" hreflang="en"><span>Wikinews</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Help:Edit_summary" hreflang="en"><span>Wikiquote</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wiktionary mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Help:Edit_summary" hreflang="en"><span>Wiktionary</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q4533519" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-pp-default" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#semi" title="This page is semi-protected."><img alt="Page semi-protected" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Editing_policy#Be_helpful:_explain" title="Wikipedia:Editing policy">Wikipedia:Editing policy § Be helpful: explain</a> for the relevant Wikipedia policy.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Edit_summary_legend" title="Wikipedia:Edit summary legend">WP:Edit summary legend</a> if you are already familiar with this page.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"WP:ES" redirects here. For encyclopedic style, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Writing_better_articles#Information_style_and_tone" title="Wikipedia:Writing better articles">Wikipedia:Writing better articles § Information style and tone</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Wikipedia information page</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238436933">.mw-parser-output .ombox{margin:4px 0;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);box-sizing:border-box;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}.mw-parser-output .ombox.mbox-small{font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{border:2px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ombox-delete{border:2px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ombox-content{border:1px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ombox-style{border:1px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ombox-move{border:1px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ombox-protection{border:2px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-invalid-type{text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ombox{margin:4px 10%}.mw-parser-output .ombox.mbox-small{clear:right;float:right;margin:4px 0 4px 1em;width:238px}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.ombox img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}</style><table class="plainlinks ombox ombox-notice" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/60px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/80px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620"/></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div style="padding-top: 6px; padding-bottom: 5px;"><b>This is an <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Project_namespace#How-to_and_information_pages" title="Wikipedia:Project namespace">information page</a>.</b><br/><div style="font-size: 90%;">It is not an <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_is_an_article%3F" title="Wikipedia:What is an article?">encyclopedic article</a>, nor one of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Policies_and_guidelines" title="Wikipedia:Policies and guidelines">Wikipedia's policies or guidelines</a>; rather, its purpose is to explain certain aspects of Wikipedia's norms, customs, technicalities, or practices. It may reflect differing levels of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Consensus" title="Wikipedia:Consensus">consensus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Consensus#Achieving_consensus" title="Wikipedia:Consensus">vetting</a>.</div></div></td><td class="mbox-imageright"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1252059228">.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain{float:right;margin:0 0 0 1em;border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);background-color:var(--background-color-base,#fff);padding:0.3em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;text-align:center;font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxleft{float:left;margin:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutlist{display:inline-block;border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);margin-bottom:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain ul{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutanchordiv{position:relative;top:-3em}.mw-parser-output li .module-shortcutanchordiv{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mbox-imageright .module-shortcutboxplain{padding:0.4em 1em 0.4em 1em;line-height:1.3;margin:0}</style><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="H:ES"></span><span id="WP:ES"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=H:ES&redirect=no">H:ES</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:ES&redirect=no">WP:ES</a></span></li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238436933"><table class="plainlinks ombox ombox-notice nutshell" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Walnut.png/30px-Walnut.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Walnut.png/45px-Walnut.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Walnut.png/60px-Walnut.png 2x" data-file-width="192" data-file-height="192"/></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><b>This page in a nutshell:</b> When editing, be sure to summarize your contributions.</td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <p>An <b>edit summary</b> is a <i>brief</i> explanation of an <a href="/wiki/Help:Editing" title="Help:Editing">edit</a> to a Wikipedia page. Summaries help other editors by (a) providing a reason for the edit, (b) saving the time to open up the edit to find out what it's all about, and (c) providing information about the edit on <a href="/wiki/Help:Diff" title="Help:Diff">diff</a> pages and lists of changes (such as <a href="/wiki/Help:Page_history" title="Help:Page history">page histories</a> and <a href="/wiki/Help:Watching_pages" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:Watching pages">watchlists</a>). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc"/> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="How_to_add_an_edit_summary" data-mw-thread-id="h-How_to_add_an_edit_summary"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-How_to_add_an_edit_summary"></span>How to add an edit summary<span data-mw-comment-end="h-How_to_add_an_edit_summary"></span></h2></div> <p>To add a summary, type in the text entry field in the <i>Edit summary</i> box located near the bottom of the Editing page. In the <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/2010_wikitext_editor" class="extiw" title="mw:2010 wikitext editor">2010 wikitext editor</a>, the box looks like this: </p> <div class="mw-summary" style="color: var(--color-base, #202122); background-color: var(--background-color-neutral, #eaecf0); border: 1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#c8ccd1); padding:1em 1em 1.5em;"> <p><span style="text-align: left;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Edit summary</a> <small>(Briefly describe your changes)</small></span> </p> <div style="background-color: var(--background-color-base,#fff); color: var(--color-emphasized,#000); width: 80%; border: var(--border-base,1px solid #a2a9b1); border-radius: 2px; padding: 5px 8px; margin:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;"> </div> <p><span style="font-size: 115%"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MediaWiki_checkbox_empty.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Empty" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/MediaWiki_checkbox_empty.svg/20px-MediaWiki_checkbox_empty.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/MediaWiki_checkbox_empty.svg/30px-MediaWiki_checkbox_empty.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/MediaWiki_checkbox_empty.svg/40px-MediaWiki_checkbox_empty.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="25" data-file-height="25"/></a></span></span> This is a <span id="minoredit_helplink"><a href="/wiki/Help:Minor_edit" title="Help:Minor edit">minor edit</a></span> <span style="font-size: 115%"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MediaWiki_checkbox_ticked.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Tick" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/MediaWiki_checkbox_ticked.svg/20px-MediaWiki_checkbox_ticked.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/MediaWiki_checkbox_ticked.svg/30px-MediaWiki_checkbox_ticked.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/MediaWiki_checkbox_ticked.svg/40px-MediaWiki_checkbox_ticked.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="25" data-file-height="25"/></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Watchlist" title="Help:Watchlist">Watch this page</a> </p> <div style="font-size: 90%"> <p>By publishing changes, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a>, and you irrevocably agree to release your contribution under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">CC BY-SA 4.0 License</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_GNU_Free_Documentation_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the GNU Free Documentation License">GFDL</a>. You agree that a hyperlink or URL is sufficient attribution under the Creative Commons license.</p></div> <div style="display: flex; gap: 8px;"><span class="plainlinks clickbutton"><span class="mw-ui-button mw-ui-progressive" style="font-weight:bold">Publish changes</span></span> <span class="plainlinks clickbutton"><a href="/wiki/Help:Show_preview" title="Help:Show preview"><span class="mw-ui-button">Show preview</span></a></span> <span class="plainlinks clickbutton"><a href="/wiki/Help:Diff" title="Help:Diff"><span class="mw-ui-button">Show changes</span></a></span> <span style="position:relative; bottom:-2px;"><span style="color: #d33;"><b>Cancel</b></span></span></div> </div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Help:VisualEditor" title="Help:VisualEditor">visual editor</a> and the <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/2017_wikitext_editor" class="extiw" title="mw:2017 wikitext editor">2017 wikitext editor</a>, it looks like this: </p> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:VisualEditor_save_dialog-en.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/VisualEditor_save_dialog-en.png/600px-VisualEditor_save_dialog-en.png" decoding="async" width="600" height="441" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/VisualEditor_save_dialog-en.png/900px-VisualEditor_save_dialog-en.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/VisualEditor_save_dialog-en.png/1200px-VisualEditor_save_dialog-en.png 2x" data-file-width="1692" data-file-height="1244"/></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Edits_should_be_explained" data-mw-thread-id="h-Edits_should_be_explained"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Edits_should_be_explained"></span>Edits should be explained<span class="anchor" id="Always_provide_an_edit_summary"></span><span data-mw-comment-end="h-Edits_should_be_explained"></span></h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="H:FIES"></span><span id="WP:FIES"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=H:FIES&redirect=no">H:FIES</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:FIES&redirect=no">WP:FIES</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p>According to the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:CONSENSUS#Through_editing" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:CONSENSUS">consensus policy</a>, <strong>all edits should be explained</strong> <em>(unless the reason for them is obvious)—either by clear edit summaries, or by discussion on the associated talk page.</em> It is a good practice to provide a meaningful summary for every edit, especially when <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reverting" title="Wikipedia:Reverting">reverting</a> (undoing) the actions of other editors or deleting existing text; otherwise, people may question your motives for the edit. In appropriate circumstances, a summary can be quite brief ("<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_abbreviations#C" title="Wikipedia:Wikipedia abbreviations">ce</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_abbreviations#R" title="Wikipedia:Wikipedia abbreviations">rvv</a>" for example). </p><p>Accurate summaries help other contributors decide whether they want to review an edit, and to understand the change should they choose to review it. Edits without edit summaries are more likely to be reverted incorrectly because they provide no explanation or rationale for the change. Editors should not revert an otherwise good edit because of a missing or confusing edit summary; good editors may simply have forgotten, or a confusing edit summary may have been the result of an <a href="/wiki/Autofill" title="Autofill">autofill</a> mishap. (If the edit summary itself violates privacy or other policies, see the <a href="#Fixing">Fixing</a> section below.) However, realistically, when a major edit (e.g., addition or deletion of a substantial amount of article text, or a substantial rewrite) doesn't have an edit summary, some busy editors might not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:AGF" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:AGF">assume good faith</a> and revert the change without evaluating it properly. Providing an edit summary helps prevent that kind of error. </p><p>Summaries are less important for <i><a href="/wiki/Help:Minor_edit" title="Help:Minor edit">minor changes</a></i> (which means generally unchallengeable changes, such as spelling or grammar corrections), but a brief note like "fixed spelling" is helpful even then. </p><p>To avoid accidentally leaving edit summaries blank, registered editors can select "Prompt me when entering a blank edit summary" on the <i>Editing</i> tab of the <a href="/wiki/Special:Preferences" title="Special:Preferences">user preferences</a>. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="How_to_write_an_edit_summary" data-mw-thread-id="h-How_to_write_an_edit_summary"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-How_to_write_an_edit_summary"></span>How to write an edit summary<span data-mw-comment-end="h-How_to_write_an_edit_summary"></span></h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:EDITSUMCITE"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:EDITSUMCITE&redirect=no">WP:EDITSUMCITE</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Edit_summary_legend" title="Wikipedia:Edit summary legend">Wikipedia:Edit summary legend</a></div> <ul><li><i>Summarize</i>. Summarize the change, even if only briefly; even a short summary is better than no summary.</li> <li><i>Explain</i>. Give reasons for the change, if you think other editors may be unclear as to why you made it. If you believe a Wikipedia policy or guideline justifies the change then you may include a link to it in your explanation.</li> <li><i>Abbreviations</i>. Abbreviations should be used with care. They can be confusing for new contributors. For an explanation of some commonly used abbreviations, see this <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:ESL" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:ESL">edit summary legend</a>.</li> <li><i>Expand on important information</i>. Readers who see only the summary might not get the entire picture. Prevent misunderstanding: If an edit requires more explanation than will fit in the summary box, post a comment to the article's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:TALK" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:TALK">talk page</a> to give more information, and include "see talk" or "see discussion page" in the edit summary. <ul><li>If you are <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Copying_within_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Copying within Wikipedia">copying text within Wikipedia</a>, you must at least put a link to the source page in the edit summary at the destination page.</li></ul></li> <li><i>Talk pages</i>. When editing <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:TALKPAGE" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:TALKPAGE">talk pages</a>, consider reflecting the gist of your comment in the edit summary; this allows users to check Recent changes, Page history and User contributions (see below) very efficiently.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="What_to_avoid_in_edit_summaries" data-mw-thread-id="h-What_to_avoid_in_edit_summaries-How_to_write_an_edit_summary"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-What_to_avoid_in_edit_summaries-How_to_write_an_edit_summary"></span>What to avoid in edit summaries<span data-mw-comment-end="h-What_to_avoid_in_edit_summaries-How_to_write_an_edit_summary"></span></h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:SUMMARYNO"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:SUMMARYNO&redirect=no">WP:SUMMARYNO</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <ul><li><i>Avoid misleading summaries</i>. Mentioning one change but not another one can be misleading to someone who finds the other one more important. You could add something like "and misc." to cover the other changes.</li> <li><i>Avoid vagueness</i>. While edit summaries can be terse, they should still be specific. Providing an edit summary similar to "I made some changes" is functionally equivalent to not providing a summary at all.</li> <li><i>Avoid long summaries</i>. Edit summaries are not for explaining every detail, writing essays about "the truth", or long-winded arguments with fellow editors. For discussions, you should use the talk page.</li> <li><i>Avoid inappropriate summaries</i>. You should explain your edits, but without being overly critical or harsh when editing or reverting others' work. This may be perceived as <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:INCIVILITY" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:INCIVILITY">uncivil</a>, and cause resentment or conflict. Explain what you changed, citing the relevant policies, guidelines, or principles of good writing, but do not target others in a way that may come across as a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_personal_attacks" title="Wikipedia:No personal attacks">personal attack</a>.</li> <li><i>Avoid incivility. </i>Snide comments, personal remarks about editors, and other aggressive edit summaries are explicit <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Civility#Edit_summary_dos_and_don'ts" title="Wikipedia:Civility">edit-summary "don'ts"</a> of the Wikipedia <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:CIVIL" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:CIVIL">Civility policy</a>.</li></ul> <p><b>Warning</b>: be careful of what you write in edit summaries. Inappropriate edit summaries may be used as evidence against you in behavioral complaints. This applies particularly to uncivil and deliberately misleading edit summaries. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Use_of_edit_summaries_in_disputes" data-mw-thread-id="h-Use_of_edit_summaries_in_disputes-How_to_write_an_edit_summary"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Use_of_edit_summaries_in_disputes-How_to_write_an_edit_summary"></span>Use of edit summaries in disputes<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Use_of_edit_summaries_in_disputes-How_to_write_an_edit_summary"></span></h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:REVTALK"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:REVTALK&redirect=no">WP:REVTALK</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p>Proper use of edit summaries is critical to resolving <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Dispute_resolution" title="Wikipedia:Dispute resolution">content disputes</a>. Edit summaries should accurately and succinctly summarize the nature of the edit, especially if it could be controversial. If the edit involves <a href="/wiki/Help:Reverting" title="Help:Reverting">reverting previous changes</a>, it should be marked as a revert ("rv") in the edit summary. </p><p>Avoid using edit summaries to carry on debates or negotiation over the content. This creates an atmosphere where the only way to carry on discussion is to revert other editors! If you notice this happening, start a section on the talk page and place your comments there. This keeps discussions and debates away from the article page itself. For example: </p> <dl><dd><i>reverted edits by <a href="/wiki/User:Example" title="User:Example">User:Example</a>, see talk for rationale</i></dd></dl> <p>As with any other Wikipedia space, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NPA" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NPA">do not express opinions of other users</a> in edit summaries. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fixing" data-mw-thread-id="h-Fixing-How_to_write_an_edit_summary"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Fixing-How_to_write_an_edit_summary"></span>Fixing<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Fixing-How_to_write_an_edit_summary"></span></h3></div> <p>After you publish the page, <i>you cannot change the edit summary</i>, so be careful with it, particularly if you are in a heated content dispute – do not write things you will regret. </p><p>If you make an important omission or error in an edit summary, you can correct this by making a <a href="/wiki/Help:Dummy_edit" title="Help:Dummy edit">dummy edit</a> (a change in the page with no visible effects), and adding further information in the dummy edit's summary. </p><p>In the extreme case of an edit summary containing certain kinds of harmful content, the summary can be deleted on request. They may be removed from public view by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:ADMIN" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:ADMIN">administrators</a> using <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:REVDEL" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:REVDEL">revision deletion</a>; such edit summaries remain visible to administrators. In even more limited circumstances, the entire edit may be <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:OVERSIGHT" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:OVERSIGHT">oversighted</a>, leaving it and its edit summary visible only to the handful of users with the Oversight permission. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Edit_summary_properties_and_features" data-mw-thread-id="h-Edit_summary_properties_and_features"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Edit_summary_properties_and_features"></span>Edit summary properties and features<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Edit_summary_properties_and_features"></span></h2></div> <ul><li><i><a href="#The_500-character_limit">Limited to 500 characters</a></i>. The edit summary box can hold one line of approximately 500 characters. If you attempt to type or paste more, only the first 500 will be displayed – the rest will be discarded. For example, attempting to add 10 new characters (at the end or in between) to a summary already containing 495 characters may result in the first 5 new characters being inserted and the final 5 being disregarded.</li> <li><i>Show preview</i>. The "Show preview" button also provides a preview of the edit summary to facilitate checking links.</li> <li><i>Can't be changed after saving</i>. After you publish the page, you cannot change the edit summary (see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Phabricator" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Phabricator">Phabricator</a> tasks <a href="https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T12105" class="extiw" title="phab:T12105">T12105</a> and <a href="https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T15937" class="extiw" title="phab:T15937">T15937</a>).</li> <li><i>Doesn't appear in searches</i>. The built-in <a href="/wiki/Help:Searching" title="Help:Searching">search function</a> cannot search edit summaries, and they are not indexed by external search engines.</li> <li><i>Wikilinks <b>always</b> rendered; other wikitext coding ignored</i>. Edit summaries render internal links, including <a href="/wiki/Help:Piped_link" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:Piped link">piped links</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Help:Interwiki_linking" title="Help:Interwiki linking">interwiki</a> links, even when enclosed within <code class="nowrap" style=""><nowiki>...</nowiki></code> tags. Therefore, copying wikitext in the edit summary box may be preferable to copying text from the preview, except when one wants to save space. Other wikitext coding is not interpreted. Although URLs do not produce clickable links, a wikilink with <a href="/wiki/Special:Diff/" title="Special:Diff/">Special:Diff/</a> can make clickable <a href="/wiki/Help:Diff#Internal_links" title="Help:Diff">diffs</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Special:PermanentLink/" title="Special:PermanentLink/">Special:PermaLink/</a> can make <a href="/wiki/Help:Permanent_link" title="Help:Permanent link">permanent links</a>. <code>~~~~</code> has no effect, so do not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Signatures" title="Wikipedia:Signatures">sign</a> edit summaries.</li> <li>You can <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Mention" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Mention">mention</a> (or "ping") a user in your edit summary. To mention the user "<a href="/wiki/User:Example" title="User:Example">Example</a>" you need to type: [[User:Example]] anywhere in the edit summary.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Places_where_the_edit_summary_appears" data-mw-thread-id="h-Places_where_the_edit_summary_appears-Edit_summary_properties_and_features"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Places_where_the_edit_summary_appears-Edit_summary_properties_and_features"></span>Places where the edit summary appears<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Places_where_the_edit_summary_appears-Edit_summary_properties_and_features"></span></h3></div> <p>The edit summary appears in black italics in the following places: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Page_history" title="Help:Page history">Page history</a> – list of changes to the page you edited</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:User_contributions" title="Help:User contributions">User contributions</a> – list of all your edits</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Watchlist" title="Help:Watchlist">Watchlist</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – list of recent changes to watched pages (<a href="/wiki/Help:Logging_in" title="Help:Logging in">logged-in</a> users only)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Diff" title="Help:Diff">Diff page</a> – shows the difference between two edits</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Permanent_link" title="Help:Permanent link">Permanent link</a> – shows an old version of a page</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Recent_changes" title="Help:Recent changes">Recent changes</a> – list of all recent edits</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IRC" title="Wikipedia:IRC">Wikipedia IRC channels</a> – real-time list of all edits</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Related_changes" title="Help:Related changes">Related changes</a> – list of recent changes to pages linked to the page you edited</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:NewPages" title="Special:NewPages">List of new pages</a> – shows the edit summary of the creation.</li></ul> <p>The source text of the edit summary can be seen at <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=query&prop=revisions&rvprop=comment&revids=">en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=query&prop=revisions&rvprop=comment&revids=</a></span><i>id</i>, where <i>id</i> is the revision number. For example, <a class="external autonumber" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Help:Edit_summary&diff=845523983&oldid=842809539">[1]</a> says <code>diff=845523983</code> in the url so <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=query&prop=revisions&rvprop=comment&revids=845523983">revids=845523983</a></span> shows the edit summary source. The link uses <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/API:Revisions" class="extiw" title="mw:API:Revisions">mw:API:Revisions</a>, which is mainly intended for programs. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Notes" data-mw-thread-id="h-Notes-Places_where_the_edit_summary_appears"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Notes-Places_where_the_edit_summary_appears"></span>Notes<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Notes-Places_where_the_edit_summary_appears"></span></h4></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Use the enhanced watchlist to see all recent changes in the watched pages, not just the last change in each page.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Section_editing" data-mw-thread-id="h-Section_editing-Edit_summary_properties_and_features"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Section_editing-Edit_summary_properties_and_features"></span>Section editing<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Section_editing-Edit_summary_properties_and_features"></span></h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"WP:→" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Redirect" title="Wikipedia:Redirect">WP:Redirect</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Moving_a_page" title="Wikipedia:Moving a page">WP:Moving a page</a>.</div> <p>When adding a new section to a discussion page with the "new section" button, the section title is used as the edit summary. When <a href="/wiki/Help:Section#Section_editing" title="Help:Section">editing an existing section</a>, the section title is inserted at the beginning of the edit summary, enclosed with /* and */ marks, for example /* External links */. Details of the edit should be added after this text. </p><p>When viewing such an edit summary, the section name will appear with a small arrow next to it: <span class="autocomment"><a href="#Foo"><i>→External links</i></a></span>. Click the arrow or section name to view the section (if the section no longer exists, the link will simply take you to the top of the page). </p><p>If you create a new section before or after an existing section by clicking a section "<i>edit</i><span style="padding-left:.15em;">"</span> link, delete the text between /* and */ marks (or change it to the new section title) to avoid confusion.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Note</b>: Tools that track edit summary usage by a user (such as <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://xtools.wmflabs.org/editsummary/en.wikipedia.org">XTools</a>) do not consider the auto-added part as a summary; that's any part within /* and */. You're encouraged to provide real edit summary, whether the editbox contains such auto-summary or not. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">It is possible to manually include links to multiple sections using the /* */ syntax – this may be useful when editing several sections at once. The edit summary: <dl><dd><div style="background-color: var(--background-color-base,#fff); color: var(--color-emphasized,#000); width: 80%; border: var(--border-base,1px solid #a2a9b1); border-radius: 2px; padding: 5px 8px; margin:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">/* Foo */ test /* Bar */ test</div></dd></dl> should be rendered as: <dl><dd><span class="comment"><span class="autocomment"><a href="#Foo">→Foo</a>:</span> test <span class="autocomment"><a href="#Bar">→Bar</a>:</span> test</span>.</dd></dl> See <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Help:Edit_summary&diff=384901084&oldid=384900839">this edit</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Automatic_summaries" data-mw-thread-id="h-Automatic_summaries-Edit_summary_properties_and_features"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Automatic_summaries-Edit_summary_properties_and_features"></span>Automatic summaries<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Automatic_summaries-Edit_summary_properties_and_features"></span></h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main page: <a href="/wiki/Help:Automatic_edit_summaries" title="Help:Automatic edit summaries">Help:Automatic edit summaries</a></div> <p>In certain circumstances, an automatic summary is generated when an edit is published without one. This is slightly different from the summary added when editing a section, as that can be modified by the user before saving. </p><p>Except for the automatic summary when creating a redirect, which usually says all that needs to be said, these are not a substitute for a proper edit summary – you should always leave a meaningful summary, even in the above cases. They are, however, useful in providing some context for edits made by inexperienced users who are not aware of the importance of edit summaries, and for spotting vandalism. </p><p>When starting a new thread on a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:TALKPAGE" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:TALKPAGE">talk page</a> by using the "New section" tab, the text you type into the "subject/headline" field becomes both the heading of your discussion topic, and the edit summary for that edit. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Tags" data-mw-thread-id="h-Tags-Automatic_summaries"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Tags-Automatic_summaries"></span>Tags<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Tags-Automatic_summaries"></span></h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tags" title="Wikipedia:Tags">Wikipedia:Tags</a></div> <p>Tags (i.e., edit tags) are brief messages that the software automatically places next to certain edits in <a href="/wiki/Help:Page_history" title="Help:Page history">histories</a>, <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Recent_changes" class="extiw" title="m:Help:Recent changes">recent changes</a> and other special pages. They are implemented by the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:FILTER" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:FILTER">edit filter</a> to help assist vandalism patrollers and other page watchers. They cannot be added or removed manually. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Notes_for_experienced_users" data-mw-thread-id="h-Notes_for_experienced_users"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Notes_for_experienced_users"></span>Notes for experienced users<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Notes_for_experienced_users"></span></h2></div> <ul><li>There are <a href="/wiki/Category:Standardised_user_warning_templates" title="Category:Standardised user warning templates">standard templates</a> for warning editors who delete content without providing an edit summary: <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Uw-delete1" title="Template:Uw-delete1">Uw-delete1</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> (which assumes good faith) and <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Uw-delete2" title="Template:Uw-delete2">Uw-delete2</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> (which doesn't). <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Uw-editsummary" title="Template:Uw-editsummary">Uw-editsummary</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> is available for notifying users who have not provided an edit summary for other types of edits; <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Summary2" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Summary2">Summary2</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> works better for more experienced users who need to be reminded rather than taught. These are available via <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:TWINKLE" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:TWINKLE">Twinkle</a>.</li> <li>When editors <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:RfA" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:RfA">run for adminship</a>, their RfA pages include statistics about how often they have provided edit summaries in the past.</li> <li>A user's edit summary usage can be checked with <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://xtools.wmflabs.org/editsummary">this tool</a>.<sup>(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://xtools.wmflabs.org/editsummary/en.wikipedia.org/Jimbo_Wales">example</a>)</sup></li></ul> <p>If you are a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tutorial/Registration" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Tutorial/Registration">registered user</a> and want to show your commitment to always leaving edit summaries, which will remind other users of the importance of doing so, you can use any of the following userboxes: </p> <table style="background:transparent;color:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;"> <tbody><tr style="font-size:80%;margin:0;padding:0;"> <th width="390" align="center"><i><a href="/wiki/Help:Wikitext" title="Help:Wikitext">Wikitext</a></i> </th> <th width="250" align="center"><i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Userboxes" title="Wikipedia:Userboxes">userbox</a></i> </th> <th align="center"><i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_pages" title="Wikipedia:User pages">where used</a></i> </th></tr> <tr style="margin:0;padding:0;"> <td align="left"><code style="color:inherit; background:inherit; border:none;">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:User_edit_summary" title="Template:User edit summary">User edit summary</a>}}</code> </td> <td align="center"><div class="wikipediauserbox" style="float:left;border:1px solid #000066;margin:1px;width:238px"><table role="presentation" style="border-collapse:collapse;width:238px;margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;background:white;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><td style="border:0;width:45px;height:45px;background:#000066;text-align:center;font-size:12pt;font-weight:bold;color:#FF0000;padding:0 1px 0 0;line-height:1.25em;vertical-align:middle"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span style="color: #FF0000;">WTF?</span></a></td><td style="border:0;text-align:center;font-size:8pt;padding:0 4px 0 4px;height:45px;line-height:1.25em;color:black;vertical-align:middle">This user <u><b><span class="plainlinks neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://xtools.wmflabs.org/editsummary/en.wikipedia.org/Edit%20summary"><span style="color: blue;">ALWAYS</span></a></span></b></u> leaves<br/> an edit summary.</td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td> <td><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:WhatLinksHere&target=Template%3AUser+edit+summary">linked pages</a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="margin:0;padding:0;"> <td align="left"><code style="color:inherit; background:inherit; border:none;">{{<a href="/wiki/User:Idell/editsummary" title="User:Idell/editsummary">User:Idell/editsummary</a>}}</code> </td> <td align="center"><div class="wikipediauserbox" style="float:left;border:1px solid MistyRose;margin:1px;width:238px"><table role="presentation" style="border-collapse:collapse;width:238px;margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;background:LemonChiffon;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><td style="border:0;width:45px;height:45px;background:White;text-align:center;font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold;color:Black;padding:0 1px 0 0;line-height:1.25em;vertical-align:middle"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pencil_edit_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Pencil_edit_icon.svg/38px-Pencil_edit_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Pencil_edit_icon.svg/57px-Pencil_edit_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Pencil_edit_icon.svg/76px-Pencil_edit_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20"/></a></span></td><td style="border:0;text-align:left;font-size:8pt;padding:0 4px 0 4px;height:45px;line-height:1.25em;color:Black;vertical-align:middle"><div style="text-align: left;">This user's <a href="/wiki/Telepathy" title="Telepathy">mind-reading</a> skills are not so good. Please leave an <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:ES" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:ES">edit summary</a></b>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td> <td><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:WhatLinksHere&target=User%3AIdell%2Feditsummary">linked pages</a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="margin:0;padding:0;"> <td align="left"><code style="color:inherit; background:inherit; border:none;">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:User_leaves_edit_summaries" title="Template:User leaves edit summaries">User leaves edit summaries</a>}}</code> </td> <td align="center"><div class="wikipediauserbox" style="float:left;border:1px solid #000000;margin:1px;width:238px"><table role="presentation" style="border-collapse:collapse;width:238px;margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;background:#B1F9FF;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><td style="border:0;width:45px;height:45px;background:#FFD99A;text-align:center;font-size:9pt;font-weight:bold;color:black;padding:0 1px 0 0;line-height:1.25em;vertical-align:middle"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">What did you do?</a></td><td style="border:0;text-align:left;font-size:8pt;padding:0 4px 0 4px;height:45px;line-height:1.25em;color:black;vertical-align:middle">This user <b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">includes edit summaries in their contributions</a></b> and thinks that everybody should use them as well.</td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td> <td><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:WhatLinksHere&target=Template%3AUser+leaves+edit+summaries">linked pages</a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="margin:0;padding:0;"> <td align="left"><code style="color:inherit; background:inherit; border:none;">{{<a href="/wiki/User:Marek69/edit_summary_template" title="User:Marek69/edit summary template">User:Marek69/edit summary template</a>}}</code> </td> <td align="center"><div class="wikipediauserbox" style="float:left;border:1px solid #000;border:none;margin:1px;" title="This is an edit summary box, please put stuff in here. It's considered good practice..." none=";margin:1px;width:238px"><table role="presentation" style="border-collapse:collapse;width:238px;margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;background:#D0E9FF;width:240px;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><td style="border:0;width:45px;height:45px;background:#d4d0cc;text-align:center;font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold;color:black;padding:0 1px 0 0;line-height:1.25em;vertical-align:middle;border-top: white 1px solid; border-right: black 1px solid; border-bottom: black 1px solid; border-left: white 1px solid;"><div style="position: relative; top: -5px; left: 1px"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:WikEd_logo39x40_animated.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/52/WikEd_logo39x40_animated.gif" decoding="async" width="39" height="40" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="39" data-file-height="40"/></a></span></div></td><td style="border:0;text-align:left;font-size:8pt;padding:0 4px 0 4px;height:45px;line-height:1.25em;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align: border-top: white 1px solid; border-right: black 1px solid; border-bottom: black 1px solid; border-left: white 1px solid">This user uses <b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">edit summaries</a></b>.</td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td> <td><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:WhatLinksHere&target=User%3AMarek69%2Fedit+summary+template">linked pages</a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="margin:0;padding:0;"> <td align="left"><code style="color:inherit; background:inherit; border:none;">{{<a href="/wiki/User:Ritchie333/Userbox_ES" title="User:Ritchie333/Userbox ES">User:Ritchie333/Userbox ES</a>}}</code> </td> <td align="center"><div class="wikipediauserbox" style="float:left;border:1px solid #999;margin:1px;width:238px"><table role="presentation" style="border-collapse:collapse;width:238px;margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;background:#ffd;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><td style="border:0;width:45px;height:45px;background:#FFFFFD;text-align:center;font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;padding:0 1px 0 0;line-height:1.25em;vertical-align:middle"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Accessories-text-editor.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Accessories-text-editor.svg/50px-Accessories-text-editor.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Accessories-text-editor.svg/75px-Accessories-text-editor.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Accessories-text-editor.svg/100px-Accessories-text-editor.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48"/></a></span></td><td style="border:0;text-align:left;font-size:8pt;padding:0 4px 0 4px;height:45px;line-height:1.25em;color:#000000;vertical-align:middle"><div style="text-align: center;">This user's <a href="/wiki/Telepathy" title="Telepathy">mind-reading</a> skills are not so good. Please leave an <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:ES" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:ES">edit summary</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td> <td><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:WhatLinksHere&target=User%3ARitchie333%2FUserbox+ES">linked pages</a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="margin:0;padding:0;"> <td align="left"><code style="color:inherit; background:inherit; border:none;">{{<a href="/wiki/User:Sdrqaz/userbox/macbeth" title="User:Sdrqaz/userbox/macbeth">User:Sdrqaz/userbox/macbeth</a>}}</code> </td> <td align="center"><div class="wikipediauserbox" style="float:left;border:1px solid #000;margin:1px;width:238px"><table role="presentation" style="border-collapse:collapse;width:238px;margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;background:#000;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><td style="border:0;width:45px;height:45px;background:red;text-align:center;font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold;color:white;padding:0 1px 0 0;line-height:1.25em;vertical-align:middle"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lady_Macbeth_by_Alfred_Stevens.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Lady_Macbeth_by_Alfred_Stevens.jpg/50px-Lady_Macbeth_by_Alfred_Stevens.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Lady_Macbeth_by_Alfred_Stevens.jpg/75px-Lady_Macbeth_by_Alfred_Stevens.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Lady_Macbeth_by_Alfred_Stevens.jpg/100px-Lady_Macbeth_by_Alfred_Stevens.jpg 2x" data-file-width="787" data-file-height="1024"/></a></span></td><td style="border:0;text-align:left;font-size:8pt;padding:0 4px 0 4px;height:45px;line-height:1.25em;color:white;vertical-align:middle"><div style="text-align: center;">This user is <span class="plainlinks neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://xtools.wmflabs.org/editsummary/en.wikipedia.org/Edit%20summary"><span style="color: red;">haunted</span></a></span> by the times they forgot to use an <a href="/wiki/H:FIES" class="mw-redirect" title="H:FIES"><span style="color:white">edit summary</span></a>.<br/><b><a href="/wiki/Macbeth" title="Macbeth"><span style="color:red">Out, damned spot! What, will these hands ne'er be clean?</span></a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td> <td><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:WhatLinksHere&target=User%3ASdrqaz%2Fuserbox%2Fmacbeth">linked pages</a></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_500-character_limit" data-mw-thread-id="h-The_500-character_limit-Notes_for_experienced_users"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-The_500-character_limit-Notes_for_experienced_users"></span>The 500-character limit<span data-mw-comment-end="h-The_500-character_limit-Notes_for_experienced_users"></span></h3></div> <p>The limit of 500 characters is an approximation. The actual limit is 500 <a href="/wiki/Unicode_codepoint" class="mw-redirect" title="Unicode codepoint">Unicode codepoints</a>. Most characters occupy one codepoint, but some characters like those with <a href="/wiki/Diacritic" title="Diacritic">diacritics</a> or <a href="/wiki/Emoji" title="Emoji">emojis</a> may consist of more than one codepoint. The limit of 500 codepoints includes the section title marker (and the associated <code>/* */</code>) and also any wiki markup that may be present. </p><p>For editors who have JavaScript enabled, there is a script included with the page that monitors the codepoint-length of the summary and prevents entering summaries longer than 500 codepoints (both in "Edit source" and in Visual editor). A count is displayed at the right-hand end of the text entry field, showing the number of unused codepoints. When JavaScript is disabled, this safeguard can't function and the only protection is the browser's limit of 500 characters, which may overflow the 500-codepoint limit as a result of any characters that are represented by more than one codepoint. </p><p>When the edit is done by a bot, through an external tool (such as <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:AWB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:AWB">WP:AWB</a>) or through some user script or gadget, it's the responsibility of the tool or script to safeguard against overflowing this limit. In any situation where more than 500 codepoints are entered for the edit summary, the summary is truncated to 500 codepoints when the revision is published. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="See_also" data-mw-thread-id="h-See_also"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-See_also"></span>See also<span data-mw-comment-end="h-See_also"></span></h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">This page is referenced in the <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Glossary" title="Wikipedia:Glossary">Wikipedia Glossary</a></span>.</div> <div class="side-box-imageright"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/44px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png" decoding="async" width="44" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/66px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/88px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="44"/></a></span></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Edit_summary_legend" title="Wikipedia:Edit summary legend">Wikipedia:Edit summary legend</a> – commonly used edit summary abbreviations</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Added_or_removed_characters" title="Wikipedia:Added or removed characters">Wikipedia:Added or removed characters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Red_flags_in_edit_summaries" title="Wikipedia:Red flags in edit summaries">Wikipedia:Red flags in edit summaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_does_%22per%22_mean%3F" title="Wikipedia:What does "per" mean?">Wikipedia:What does "per" mean?</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Deletion_summary" title="Help:Deletion summary">Help:Deletion summary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Don%27t_revert_due_solely_to_%22no_consensus%22#How_to_respond_to_a_"no_consensus"_edit_summary" title="Wikipedia:Don't revert due solely to "no consensus"">How to respond to a "no consensus" edit summary</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="External_links" data-mw-thread-id="h-External_links"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-External_links"></span>External links<span data-mw-comment-end="h-External_links"></span></h2></div> <ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://sigma.toolforge.org/summary.py?name=">User Edit Summary Search</a> This tool will search through a user's edit summaries and return edits with a partial match as a <a href="/wiki/Common_Gateway_Interface" title="Common Gateway Interface">.CGI</a> file.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Wikipedia_help_pages" title="Template:Wikipedia help pages"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Wikipedia_help_pages" title="Template talk:Wikipedia help pages"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Wikipedia_help_pages" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Wikipedia help pages"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Wikipedia_help_pages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Directory" title="Help:Directory">Wikipedia help pages</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><div> <ul><li><b>Visit the <i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Teahouse" title="Wikipedia:Teahouse">Teahouse</a></i> or the <i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">Help desk</a></i> for an interactive <abbr title="questions and answers">Q & A</abbr> forum.</b></li></ul> <hr/> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ" title="Wikipedia:FAQ">FAQs</a></b> <b><abbr title="This is a list of frequently asked questions about using and contributing to Wikipedia.">(?)</abbr></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reference_desk" title="Wikipedia:Reference desk">Reference desks</a></b> <b><abbr title="Works like a library reference desk. Ask a question here and Wikipedia volunteers will try to answer it.">(?)</abbr></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Noticeboards" title="Wikipedia:Noticeboards">Noticeboards</a></b> <b><abbr title="Pages where editors can ask questions and request assistance from people who are familiar with the policies and guidelines covered by each individual board.">(?)</abbr></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Help:Cheatsheet" title="Help:Cheatsheet">Cheatsheet</a></b> <b><abbr title="For a list of the most commonly used Wiki markup and templates.">(?)</abbr></b></li> <li><b> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Directories_and_indexes" title="Wikipedia:Directories and indexes">Directories</a></b> <b><abbr title="For a list of Wikipedia's directories and indexes.">(?)</abbr></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a> <abbr title="Wikipedia's governess and customs">(?)</abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Administration" title="Wikipedia:Administration">Administration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Purpose" title="Wikipedia:Purpose">Purpose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Five_pillars" title="Wikipedia:Five pillars">Principles</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Policies_and_guidelines" title="Wikipedia:Policies and guidelines">Policies and guidelines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not">What Wikipedia is not</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer" title="Wikipedia:General disclaimer">Disclaimer</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Advice_for_parents" title="Wikipedia:Advice for parents">parental advice</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Request_directory" title="Wikipedia:Request directory">Making requests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Who_writes_Wikipedia%3F" title="Wikipedia:Who writes Wikipedia?">Who writes Wikipedia?</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reader%27s_index_to_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Reader's index to Wikipedia">Help for readers</a> <abbr title="Concerns and questions readers may have about Wikipedia">(?)</abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Readers" title="Wikipedia:FAQ/Readers">FAQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_book_creator_status" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Wikipedia book creator status">Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Copyright" title="Help:Copyright">Copyright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Glossary" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:Glossary">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Mobile_access" title="Help:Mobile access">Mobile access</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Navigation" title="Help:Navigation">Navigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Other_languages" title="Help:Other languages">Other languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Searching" title="Help:Searching">Searching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Student_help" title="Help:Student help">Students</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Viewing_media" title="Help:Viewing media">Viewing media</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contributing_to_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Contributing to Wikipedia">Contributing<br/>to Wikipedia</a> <abbr title="Overviews and resources needed to comprehend, comment on, and edit">(?)</abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Guidance_for_younger_editors" title="Wikipedia:Guidance for younger editors">Advice for young editors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoiding_common_mistakes" title="Wikipedia:Avoiding common mistakes">Avoiding common mistakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Etiquette" title="Wikipedia:Etiquette">Etiquette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Simplified_Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Simplified Manual of Style">Simplified Manual of Style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Simplified_ruleset" title="Wikipedia:Simplified ruleset">Simplified rule-set</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Ignore_all_rules" title="Wikipedia:Ignore all rules">"Ignore all rules"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:The_rules_are_principles" title="Wikipedia:The rules are principles">"The rules are principles"</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Styletips" title="Wikipedia:Styletips">Style-tips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tip_of_the_day" title="Wikipedia:Tip of the day">Tip of the day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Your_first_article" title="Help:Your first article">Your first article</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_wizard" title="Wikipedia:Article wizard">article wizard</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Getting_started" title="Help:Getting started">Getting started</a> <abbr title="Introductions and tutorials">(?)</abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Why_create_an_account%3F" title="Wikipedia:Why create an account?">Why create an account?</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Help:Introduction">Introductions by topic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Graphics_tutorials" title="Wikipedia:Graphics tutorials">Graphics tutorials</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Pictures" title="Help:Pictures">Picture tutorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IRC/Tutorial" title="Wikipedia:IRC/Tutorial">IRC <span style="font-size:85%;">(live chat)</span> tutorial</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:VisualEditor/User_guide" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:VisualEditor/User guide">VisualEditor user guide</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:Dos and don'ts">Dos and don'ts</a> <abbr title="Wikipedia policies, guidelines, and formatting standards in bullet points">(?)</abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accessibility_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:Accessibility dos and don'ts">Accessibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Biography_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:Biography dos and don'ts">Biographies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons dos and don'ts">Biographies (living)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Categorization_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:Categorization dos and don'ts">Categorization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Consensus_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:Consensus dos and don'ts">Consensus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Talk_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:Talk dos and don'ts">Discussions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Disambiguation_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:Disambiguation dos and don'ts">Disambiguation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Image_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:Image dos and don'ts">Images</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Lead_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:Lead dos and don'ts">Leads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Linking_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:Linking dos and don'ts">Links</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:List_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:List dos and don'ts">Lists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:References_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:References dos and don'ts">References</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Table_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:Table dos and don'ts">Tables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_title_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:Article title dos and don'ts">Titles (of articles)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_how-to" title="Category:Wikipedia how-to">How-to pages</a> and<br/><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_information_pages" title="Category:Wikipedia information pages">information pages</a> <abbr title="Topic specific informative and instructional pages">(?)</abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Guide_to_appealing_blocks" title="Wikipedia:Guide to appealing blocks">Appealing blocks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Guide_to_deletion" title="Wikipedia:Guide to deletion">Article deletion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Citations_quick_reference" title="Help:Citations quick reference">Citations/references</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">Referencing for beginners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_1" title="Help:Citation Style 1">Citation Style 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Cite_errors" title="Help:Cite errors">Cite errors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:References_and_page_numbers" title="Help:References and page numbers">References and page numbers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Convert" title="Help:Convert">Convert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Diff" title="Help:Diff">Diff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Editing" title="Help:Editing">Editing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Minor_edit" title="Help:Minor edit">Minor edit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Edit_toolbar" title="Help:Edit toolbar">toolbar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Edit_conflict" title="Help:Edit conflict">edit conflict</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Find_sources" title="Help:Find sources">Find sources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Files" title="Help:Files">Files</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Footnotes" title="Help:Footnotes">Footnotes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Guide_to_image_deletion" title="Wikipedia:Guide to image deletion">Image deletion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Infobox" title="Help:Infobox">Infoboxes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Link" title="Help:Link">Linking</a> (<a href="/wiki/Help:Link_color" title="Help:Link color">link color</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Logging_in" title="Help:Logging in">Logging in</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Merging" title="Wikipedia:Merging">Merging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Page_name" title="Help:Page name">Page name</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:How_to_move_a_page" title="Help:How to move a page">Renaming pages</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Redirect" title="Help:Redirect">Redirect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Reset_password" title="Help:Reset password">Passwords</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Email_confirmation" title="Help:Email confirmation">Email confirmation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Reverting" title="Help:Reverting">Reverting</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Simple_guide_to_vandalism_cleanup" title="Help:Simple guide to vandalism cleanup">Simple vandalism cleanup</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Talk_pages" title="Help:Talk pages">Talk pages</a> (<a href="/wiki/Help:Archiving_a_talk_page" title="Help:Archiving a talk page">archiving</a></li> <li><a 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