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</div> <div class="control"> <button class="button is-small is-link">Go</button> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <ol class="breathe-horizontal" start="1"> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2406.19558">arXiv:2406.19558</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2406.19558">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2406.19558">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Instrumentation and Detectors">physics.ins-det</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Optimizing the architecture for coherent beat note acquisition in LISA </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Euringer%2C+P">Philipp Euringer</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hechenblaikner%2C+G">Gerald Hechenblaikner</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Sell%2C+A">Alexander Sell</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Soualle%2C+F">Francis Soualle</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Fichter%2C+W">Walter Fichter</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2406.19558v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> The laser interferometer space antenna (LISA) senses gravitational waves by measuring distance fluctuations between three spacecraft (SC). These measurements rely on precise tracking of a beat note phase that is formed on a quadrant-photo-diode (QPD) at each SC by interference of a local laser with a laser sent from a distant SC. The crucial prerequisite of the phase tracking is a successful acqui… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2406.19558v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2406.19558v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2406.19558v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> The laser interferometer space antenna (LISA) senses gravitational waves by measuring distance fluctuations between three spacecraft (SC). These measurements rely on precise tracking of a beat note phase that is formed on a quadrant-photo-diode (QPD) at each SC by interference of a local laser with a laser sent from a distant SC. The crucial prerequisite of the phase tracking is a successful acquisition of the beat note frequency. This article aims to optimize the carrier-to-noise density ratio (CNR) during this process, and to evaluate the resulting probability of detection (PD). CNR is generally lowest during the beat note acquisition process since pointing accuracy relies on coarse acquisition techniques. Based on analytical models, we examine which combinations of QPD segments for the signal read-out yield the highest CNR, i.e., they are least susceptible to pointing errors. We find from simulations that the highest CNR is ensured by taking the maximum of a combination of two segments in vertical and horizontal direction. For pointing errors (3$蟽$) of 3.9 $渭$rad and 4.3 $渭$rad this yields an improvement of around 3.7 dB and 5.6 dB in CNR, respectively, in comparison to a combination of all four segments. In addition, the PD for various configurations of the baselined Fourier peak detection is analyzed. Here we find that the PD is most sensitive to the CNR compared to the design parameters of the acquisition scheme, in particular the FFT length. Moreover, it is shown that aforementioned improvements in CNR can lead to a significant enhancement of the PD. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2406.19558v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2406.19558v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 27 June, 2024; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> June 2024. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">19 pages, 8 figures</span> </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2312.02888">arXiv:2312.02888</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2312.02888">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2312.02888">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Instrumentation and Detectors">physics.ins-det</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics">astro-ph.IM</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Compensation of front-end and modulation delays in phase and ranging measurements for time-delay interferometry </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Euringer%2C+P">Philipp Euringer</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Houba%2C+N">Niklas Houba</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hechenblaikner%2C+G">Gerald Hechenblaikner</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Mandel%2C+O">Oliver Mandel</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Soualle%2C+F">Francis Soualle</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Fichter%2C+W">Walter Fichter</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2312.02888v3-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> In the context of the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA), the laser subsystems exhibit frequency fluctuations that introduce significant levels of noise into the measurements, surpassing the gravitational wave signal by several orders of magnitude. Mitigation is achieved via time-shifting individual measurements in a data processing step known as time-delay interferometry (TDI). The suppres… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2312.02888v3-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2312.02888v3-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2312.02888v3-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> In the context of the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA), the laser subsystems exhibit frequency fluctuations that introduce significant levels of noise into the measurements, surpassing the gravitational wave signal by several orders of magnitude. Mitigation is achieved via time-shifting individual measurements in a data processing step known as time-delay interferometry (TDI). The suppression performance of TDI relies on accurate knowledge and consideration of the delays experienced by the interfering lasers. While considerable efforts have been dedicated to the accurate determination of inter-spacecraft ranging delays, the sources for onboard delays have been either neglected or assumed to be known. Contrary to these assumptions, analog delays of the phasemeter front end and the laser modulator are not only large but also prone to change with temperature and heterodyne frequency. This motivates our proposal for a novel method enabling a calibration of these delays on-ground and in-space, based on minimal functional additions to the receiver architecture. Specifically, we establish a set of calibration measurements and elucidate how these measurements are utilized in data processing, leading to the mitigation of the delays in the TDI Michelson variables. Following a performance analysis of the calibration measurements, proposed calibration scheme is assessed through numerical simulations. We find that in the absence of the calibration scheme, the assumed drifts of the analog delays increase residual laser noise at high frequencies of the LISA measurement band. A single, on-ground calibration of the analog delays leads to an improvement by roughly one order of magnitude, while re-calibration in space may improve performance by yet another order of magnitude. Towards lower frequencies, ranging error is always found to be the limiting factor for which countermeasures are discussed. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2312.02888v3-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2312.02888v3-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 12 January, 2024; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">v1</span> submitted 5 December, 2023; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> December 2023. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">14 pages, 6 figures</span> </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2307.09557">arXiv:2307.09557</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2307.09557">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2307.09557">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Instrumentation and Detectors">physics.ins-det</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics">astro-ph.IM</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Optics">physics.optics</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Applications">stat.AP</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAA.507588">10.1364/JOSAA.507588 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Unbiased centroiding of point targets close to the Cramer Rao limit </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hechenblaikner%2C+G">Gerald Hechenblaikner</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2307.09557v2-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> Systematic errors affecting center-of-gravity (CoG) measurements may occur from coarse sampling of the point-spread-function (PSF) or from signal truncation at the boundaries of the region-of-interest (ROI). For small ROI and PSF widths, these effects are shown to become dominant, but this can be mitigated by introducing novel unbiased estimators that are largely free of systematic error and perfo… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2307.09557v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2307.09557v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2307.09557v2-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> Systematic errors affecting center-of-gravity (CoG) measurements may occur from coarse sampling of the point-spread-function (PSF) or from signal truncation at the boundaries of the region-of-interest (ROI). For small ROI and PSF widths, these effects are shown to become dominant, but this can be mitigated by introducing novel unbiased estimators that are largely free of systematic error and perform particularly well for low photon number. Analytical expressions for the estimator variances, comprising contributions from photon shot noise, random pixel noise and residual systematic error, are derived and verified by Monte Carlo simulations. The accuracy and computational speed of the unbiased estimators is compared to those of other common estimators, including iteratively weighted CoG, thresholded CoG, iterative least squares fitting, and two-dimensional Gaussian regression. Each estimator is optimized with respect to ROI size and PSF radius and its error compared to the theoretical limit defined by the Cramer Rao lower bound (CRLB). The unbiased estimator with full systematic error correction operating on a small ROI [3x3] emerges as one of the most accurate estimators while requiring significantly less computing effort than alternative algorithms. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2307.09557v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2307.09557v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 20 December, 2023; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">v1</span> submitted 18 July, 2023; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> July 2023. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">11 pages, 7 figures, double column format</span> </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.13819">arXiv:2302.13819</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2302.13819">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2302.13819">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics">astro-ph.IM</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology">gr-qc</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Instrumentation and Detectors">physics.ins-det</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1109/TIM.2023.3332388">10.1109/TIM.2023.3332388 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Performance analysis of sequential carrier- and code-tracking receivers in the context of high-precision space-borne metrology systems </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Euringer%2C+P">Philipp Euringer</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hechenblaikner%2C+G">Gerald Hechenblaikner</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Soualle%2C+F">Francis Soualle</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Fichter%2C+W">Walter Fichter</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2302.13819v3-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> Future space observatories achieve detection of gravitational waves by interferometric measurements of a carrier phase, allowing to determine relative distance changes, in combination with an absolute distance measurement based on the transmission of pseudo-random noise chip sequences. In addition, usage of direct-sequence spread spectrum modulation enables data transmission. Hereafter, we report… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2302.13819v3-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2302.13819v3-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2302.13819v3-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> Future space observatories achieve detection of gravitational waves by interferometric measurements of a carrier phase, allowing to determine relative distance changes, in combination with an absolute distance measurement based on the transmission of pseudo-random noise chip sequences. In addition, usage of direct-sequence spread spectrum modulation enables data transmission. Hereafter, we report on the findings of a novel performance evaluation of planned receiver architectures, performing phase and distance readout sequentially, addressing the interplay between both measurements. An analytical model is presented identifying the power spectral density of the chip modulation at frequencies within the measurement bandwidth as the main driver for phase noise. This model, verified by numerical simulations, excludes binary phase-shift keying modulations for missions requiring pico-meter noise levels at the phase readout, while binary offset carrier modulation, where most of the power has been shifted outside the measurement bandwidth, exhibits superior phase measurement performance. Ranging analyses of the delay-locked loop reveal strong distortion of the pulse shape due to the preceding phase tracking introducing ranging bias variations. Numerical simulations show that these variations, however, which originate from data transitions, are compensated by the delay tracking loop, enabling sub-meter ranging accuracy, irrespective of the modulation type. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2302.13819v3-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2302.13819v3-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 10 January, 2024; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">v1</span> submitted 23 February, 2023; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> February 2023. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">10 pages, 6 figures</span> </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Journal ref:</span> IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 73 (2024) 1-10 </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.12109">arXiv:2302.12109</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2302.12109">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2302.12109">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Instrumentation and Detectors">physics.ins-det</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics">astro-ph.IM</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Signal Processing">eess.SP</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2023.109213">10.1016/j.optlastec.2023.109213 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Optical link acquisition for the LISA mission with in-field pointing architecture </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hechenblaikner%2C+G">Gerald Hechenblaikner</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Delchambre%2C+S">Simon Delchambre</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Ziegler%2C+T">Tobias Ziegler</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2302.12109v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> We present a comprehensive simulation of the spatial acquisition of optical links for the LISA mission in the in-field pointing architecture, where a fast pointing mirror is used to move the field-of-view of the optical transceiver, which was studied as an alternative scheme to the baselined telescope pointing architecture. The simulation includes a representative model of the far-field intensity… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2302.12109v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2302.12109v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2302.12109v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> We present a comprehensive simulation of the spatial acquisition of optical links for the LISA mission in the in-field pointing architecture, where a fast pointing mirror is used to move the field-of-view of the optical transceiver, which was studied as an alternative scheme to the baselined telescope pointing architecture. The simulation includes a representative model of the far-field intensity distribution and the beam detection process using a realistic detector model, and a model of the expected platform jitter for two alternative control modes with different associated jitter spectra. For optimally adjusted detector settings and accounting for the actual far-field beam profile, we investigate the dependency of acquisition performance on the jitter spectrum and the track-width of the search spiral, while scan speed and detector integration time are varied over several orders of magnitude. Results show a strong dependency of the probability for acquisition failure on the width of the auto-correlation function of the jitter spectrum, which we compare to predictions of analytical models. Depending on the choice of scan speed, three different regimes may be entered which differ in failure probability by several orders of magnitude. We then use these results to optimize the acquisition architecture for the given jitter spectra with respect to failure rate and overall duration, concluding that the full constellation could be acquired on average in less than one minute. Our method and findings can be applied to any other space mission using a fine-steering mirror for link acquisition. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2302.12109v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2302.12109v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 23 February, 2023; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> February 2023. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">10 pages, 7 figures, two columns</span> </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Journal ref:</span> Optics & Laser Technology 161 (2023): 109213 </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.09080">arXiv:2302.09080</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2302.09080">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2302.09080">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Signal Processing">eess.SP</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Instrumentation and Detectors">physics.ins-det</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Optics">physics.optics</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Applications">stat.AP</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.481093">10.1364/AO.481093 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Probabilistic model for spatially acquiring optical links in space under influence of band-limited beam jitter </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hechenblaikner%2C+G">Gerald Hechenblaikner</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2302.09080v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> An analytical model is derived for the probability of failure (P-fail) to spatially acquire an optical link with a jittering search beam. The analytical model accounts for an arbitrary jitter spectrum and considers the associated correlations between jitter excursions on adjacent tracks of the search spiral. An expression of P-fail in terms of basic transcendental functions is found by linearizing… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2302.09080v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2302.09080v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2302.09080v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> An analytical model is derived for the probability of failure (P-fail) to spatially acquire an optical link with a jittering search beam. The analytical model accounts for an arbitrary jitter spectrum and considers the associated correlations between jitter excursions on adjacent tracks of the search spiral. An expression of P-fail in terms of basic transcendental functions is found by linearizing the exact analytical model with respect to the correlation strength. Predictions from the models indicate a strong decrease of P-fail with increasing correlation-strength, which is found to be in excellent agreement to results from Monte Carlo simulations. The dependency of P-fail on track-width and scan speed is investigated, confirming previous assumptions on the impact of correlations. Expressions and applicable constraints are derived for the limits of full and no correlations, and the optimal track width to minimize the acquisition time is computed for a range of scan speeds. The model is applicable to optical terminals equipped with a fast beam steering mirror, as often found for optical communication missions in space. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2302.09080v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2302.09080v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 18 February, 2023; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> February 2023. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">9 pages, 6 figures, 2 columns</span> </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Journal ref:</span> Applied Optics Vol. 62, Issue 6, pp. 1582-1591 (2023) </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2208.11033">arXiv:2208.11033</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2208.11033">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2208.11033">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Instrumentation and Detectors">physics.ins-det</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> LISA Point-Ahead Angle Control for Optimal Tilt-to-Length Noise Estimation </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Houba%2C+N">Niklas Houba</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Delchambre%2C+S">Simon Delchambre</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Ziegler%2C+T">Tobias Ziegler</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hechenblaikner%2C+G">Gerald Hechenblaikner</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Fichter%2C+W">Walter Fichter</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2208.11033v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) mission features a three-spacecraft long-arm constellation intended to detect gravitational wave sources in the low-frequency band up to 1 Hz via laser interferometry. The paper presents an open-loop control strategy for point-ahead angle (PAA) correction required to maintain the optical links of the moving constellation. The control strategy maximizes… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2208.11033v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2208.11033v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2208.11033v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) mission features a three-spacecraft long-arm constellation intended to detect gravitational wave sources in the low-frequency band up to 1 Hz via laser interferometry. The paper presents an open-loop control strategy for point-ahead angle (PAA) correction required to maintain the optical links of the moving constellation. The control strategy maximizes periods between adjustments at the constellation level and is shown to be optimal from the perspective of estimating and correcting tilt-to-length (TTL) coupling. TTL is a noise source that couples angular spacecraft jitter and jitter of optical subassemblies with longitudinal interferometer measurements. Without precise TTL noise estimation and correction, TTL coupling fundamentally limits the detector's sensitivity. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2208.11033v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2208.11033v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 23 August, 2022; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> August 2022. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">Preprint 22-556 2022 AAS/AIAA Astrodynamics Specialist Conference, Charlotte, North Carolina, August 7-11 2022</span> </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2202.01976">arXiv:2202.01976</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2202.01976">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2202.01976">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Instrumentation and Detectors">physics.ins-det</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Optics">physics.optics</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.447209">10.1364/AO.447209 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Impact of spectral noise shape and correlations of laser beam jitter on acquiring optical links in space </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hechenblaikner%2C+G">Gerald Hechenblaikner</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2202.01976v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> We investigate how the probability of acquiring an optical link between a scanning and a target spacecraft depends on the spectral shape, power and dimensionality of the beam jitter, as well as on the choice of detector integration time, beam detection radius and scan speed. For slow scans and long integration times, the probability of failure (Pfail) is determined by the integrated jitter power u… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2202.01976v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2202.01976v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2202.01976v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> We investigate how the probability of acquiring an optical link between a scanning and a target spacecraft depends on the spectral shape, power and dimensionality of the beam jitter, as well as on the choice of detector integration time, beam detection radius and scan speed. For slow scans and long integration times, the probability of failure (Pfail) is determined by the integrated jitter power up to a critical frequency, which we verify by comparing the results of an analytical model to those of Monte Carlo simulations. Jitter above the critical frequency leads to a loss of correlation between integration windows and decreases Pfail for both, 1d (radial) and 2d (radial and tangential) jitter, as long as the RMS jitter amplitude does not exceed the beam diameter. In the opposite limit of fast scans and short integration times, emergent correlations between jitter fluctuations on two adjacent scanning tracks also decrease Pfail. The analytical model is additionally used to assess the effect of multiple overlapping tracks and the impact of target drifts in the uncertainty plane. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2202.01976v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2202.01976v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 1 February, 2022; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> February 2022. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">10 pages, 11 figures, two column format, 9pt font size</span> </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Journal ref:</span> Applied Optics Vol. 61, Issue 3, pp. 710-720 (2022) </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2202.00784">arXiv:2202.00784</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2202.00784">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2202.00784">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Instrumentation and Detectors">physics.ins-det</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics">astro-ph.IM</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Mathematical Physics">math-ph</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.419594">10.1364/AO.419594 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Analysis of performance and robustness against jitter of various search methods for acquiring optical links in space </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hechenblaikner%2C+G">Gerald Hechenblaikner</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2202.00784v2-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> We discuss various methods for acquiring optical links in space using a dedicated acquisition sensor. Statistical models are developed and simple analytical equations derived that compare the performance between a single and dual spiral scan approach as well as between sequential and parallel acquisition of link chains. Simple derived analytical equations allow relating essential search parameters… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2202.00784v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2202.00784v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2202.00784v2-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> We discuss various methods for acquiring optical links in space using a dedicated acquisition sensor. Statistical models are developed and simple analytical equations derived that compare the performance between a single and dual spiral scan approach as well as between sequential and parallel acquisition of link chains. Simple derived analytical equations allow relating essential search parameters such as track width, variance of the uncertainty distribution, capture radius and scan speed to the probabilities of acquiring the links within a specific time. We also assess the probability of failing to acquire a link due to beam jitter and derive a simple analytical model that allows determining the maximum tolerable jitter for a given beam overlap and required probability of success. All results are validated by Monte Carlo simulations and applied to the concrete example of the GRACE FO mission. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2202.00784v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2202.00784v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 17 November, 2022; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">v1</span> submitted 1 February, 2022; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> February 2022. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">11 pages, two column format, 9pt font</span> </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Journal ref:</span> Applied Optics, Vol. 60, Issue 13, pp. 3936-3946 (2021) </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1508.01032">arXiv:1508.01032</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1508.01032">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/1508.01032">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Quantum Physics">quant-ph</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics">astro-ph.IM</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Instrumentation and Detectors">physics.ins-det</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Space Physics">physics.space-ph</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.06.116">10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.06.116 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Performance of a radiatively cooled system for quantum optomechanical experiments in space </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Pilan-Zanoni%2C+A">Andr茅 Pilan-Zanoni</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Burkhardt%2C+J">Johannes Burkhardt</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Johann%2C+U">Ulrich Johann</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Aspelmeyer%2C+M">Markus Aspelmeyer</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Kaltenbaek%2C+R">Rainer Kaltenbaek</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hechenblaikner%2C+G">Gerald Hechenblaikner</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1508.01032v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> The performance of a radiatively cooled instrument is investigated in the context of optomechanical quantum experiments, where the environment of a macroscopic particle in a quantum-superposition has to be cooled to less than 20\,K in deep space. A heat-transfer analysis between the components of the instrument as well as a transfer-function analysis on thermal oscillations induced by the spacecra… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1508.01032v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('1508.01032v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1508.01032v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> The performance of a radiatively cooled instrument is investigated in the context of optomechanical quantum experiments, where the environment of a macroscopic particle in a quantum-superposition has to be cooled to less than 20\,K in deep space. A heat-transfer analysis between the components of the instrument as well as a transfer-function analysis on thermal oscillations induced by the spacecraft interior and by dissipative sources is performed. The thermal behaviour of the instrument in an orbit around a Lagrangian point and in a highly elliptical Earth orbit is discussed. Finally, we investigate further possible design improvements aiming at lower temperatures of the environment of the macroscopic particle. These include a mirror-based design of the imaging system on the optical bench and the extension of the heat shields. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1508.01032v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('1508.01032v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 5 August, 2015; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> August 2015. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">13 pages, 11 figures, 3 tables</span> </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Journal ref:</span> Appl. Therm. Eng. 107, 689 (2016) </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1405.7386">arXiv:1405.7386</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1405.7386">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/ps/1405.7386">ps</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/1405.7386">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Instrumentation and Detectors">physics.ins-det</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Materials Science">cond-mat.mtrl-sci</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Space Physics">physics.space-ph</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/25/7/075103">10.1088/0957-0233/25/7/075103 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> The vectorial photoelectric effect under solar irradiance and its application to sun sensing </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hechenblaikner%2C+G">Gerald Hechenblaikner</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Ziegler%2C+T">Tobias Ziegler</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1405.7386v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> Sun sensors are an integral part of the attitude and orbit control system onboard almost any spacecraft. While the majority of standard analogue sun sensors is based on photo-detectors which produce photo-currents proportional to the cosine of the incidence angle (cosine detectors), we propose an alternative scheme where the vectorial photoelectric effect is exploited to achieve a higher sensitivi… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1405.7386v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('1405.7386v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1405.7386v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> Sun sensors are an integral part of the attitude and orbit control system onboard almost any spacecraft. While the majority of standard analogue sun sensors is based on photo-detectors which produce photo-currents proportional to the cosine of the incidence angle (cosine detectors), we propose an alternative scheme where the vectorial photoelectric effect is exploited to achieve a higher sensitivity of the sensed photo-current to the incidence angle. The vectorial photo-effect is investigated in detail for metal cathode detectors in a space environment. Besides long operational lifetimes without significant degradation, metal cathode detectors are insensitive to earth albedo, which may significantly reduce the errors affecting attitude measurements in low earth orbits. Sensitivity curves are calculated and trade-offs performed with the aim of optimizing the sensitivity whilst also providing currents sufficient for detection. Simple applications and detector configurations are also discussed and compared to existing designs. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1405.7386v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('1405.7386v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 28 May, 2014; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> May 2014. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">draft, 9 pages, 6 figures (Color)</span> </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Journal ref:</span> Measurement Science and Technology 25.7 (2014): 075103 </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1310.0084">arXiv:1310.0084</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1310.0084">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/ps/1310.0084">ps</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/1310.0084">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Instrumentation and Detectors">physics.ins-det</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics">astro-ph.IM</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology">gr-qc</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Space Physics">physics.space-ph</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10686-014-9373-6">10.1007/s10686-014-9373-6 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> STE-QUEST Mission and System Design - Overview after completion of Phase-A </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hechenblaikner%2C+G">Gerald Hechenblaikner</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hess%2C+M">Marc-Peter Hess</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Vitelli%2C+M">Marianna Vitelli</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Beck%2C+J">Jan Beck</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1310.0084v2-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> STE-QUEST is a fundamental science mission which is considered for launch within the Cosmic Vision programme of the European Space Agency (ESA). Its main scientific objectives relate to probing various aspects of Einstein's theory of general relativity by measuring the gravitational red-shift of the earth, the moon and the sun as well as testing the weak equivalence principle to unprecedented accu… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1310.0084v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('1310.0084v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1310.0084v2-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> STE-QUEST is a fundamental science mission which is considered for launch within the Cosmic Vision programme of the European Space Agency (ESA). Its main scientific objectives relate to probing various aspects of Einstein's theory of general relativity by measuring the gravitational red-shift of the earth, the moon and the sun as well as testing the weak equivalence principle to unprecedented accuracy. In order to perform the measurements, the system features a spacecraft equipped with two complex instruments, an atomic clock and an atom interferometer, a ground-segment encompassing several ground-terminals collocated with the best available ground atomic clocks, and clock comparison between space and ground via microwave and optical links. The baseline orbit is highly eccentric and exhibits strong variations of incident solar flux, which poses challenges for thermal and power subsystems in addition to the difficulties encountered by precise-orbit-determination at high altitudes. The mission assessment and definition phase (Phase-A) has recently been completed and this paper gives a concise overview over some system level results. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1310.0084v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('1310.0084v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 25 January, 2014; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">v1</span> submitted 30 September, 2013; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> October 2013. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">21 pages, 10 figures; contains additional performance figures and data</span> </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Journal ref:</span> Experimental Astronomy, Volume 37, Issue 3, pp 481-501 (2014) </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1309.3234">arXiv:1309.3234</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1309.3234">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/ps/1309.3234">ps</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/1309.3234">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Quantum Physics">quant-ph</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics">astro-ph.IM</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology">gr-qc</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Instrumentation and Detectors">physics.ins-det</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Space Physics">physics.space-ph</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/16/1/013058">10.1088/1367-2630/16/1/013058 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> How cold can you get in space? Quantum Physics at cryogenic temperatures in space </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hechenblaikner%2C+G">Gerald Hechenblaikner</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hufgard%2C+F">Fabian Hufgard</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Burkhardt%2C+J">Johannes Burkhardt</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Kiesel%2C+N">Nikolai Kiesel</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Johann%2C+U">Ulrich Johann</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Aspelmeyer%2C+M">Markus Aspelmeyer</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Kaltenbaek%2C+R">Rainer Kaltenbaek</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1309.3234v2-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> Although it is often believed that the coldness of space is ideally suited for performing measurements at cryogenic temperatures, this must be regarded with caution for two reasons: Firstly, the sensitive instrument must be completely shielded from the strong solar radiation and therefore, e.g. either be placed inside a satellite or externally on the satellite's shaded side. Secondly, any platform… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1309.3234v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('1309.3234v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1309.3234v2-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> Although it is often believed that the coldness of space is ideally suited for performing measurements at cryogenic temperatures, this must be regarded with caution for two reasons: Firstly, the sensitive instrument must be completely shielded from the strong solar radiation and therefore, e.g. either be placed inside a satellite or externally on the satellite's shaded side. Secondly, any platform hosting such an experiment in space generally provides an environment close to room temperature for the accommodated equipment. To obtain cryogenic temperatures without active cooling, one must isolate the instrument from radiative and conductive heat exchange with the platform as well as possible. We investigate the limits of this passive cooling method in the context of a recently proposed experiment to observe the decoherence of quantum superpositions of massive objects. The analyses and conclusions are applicable to a host of similar experimental designs requiring a cryogenic environment in space. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1309.3234v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('1309.3234v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 13 September, 2013; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">v1</span> submitted 12 September, 2013; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> September 2013. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">16 pages, 6 figures</span> </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Journal ref:</span> New J. Phys. 16 (2014) 013058 </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1307.8154">arXiv:1307.8154</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1307.8154">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/ps/1307.8154">ps</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/1307.8154">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Instrumentation and Detectors">physics.ins-det</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics">astro-ph.IM</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology">gr-qc</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Optics">physics.optics</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Space Physics">physics.space-ph</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2020498">10.1117/12.2020498 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Fundamental Performance Determining Factors of the Ultrahigh-Precision Space-Borne Optical Metrology System for the LISA Pathfinder mission </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hechenblaikner%2C+G">Gerald Hechenblaikner</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Flatscher%2C+R">Reinhold Flatscher</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1307.8154v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> The LISA Pathfinder mission to space employs an optical metrology system (OMS) at its core to measure the distance and attitude between two freely floating test-masses to picometer and nanorad accuracy, respectively, within the measurement band of [1 mHz, 30 mHz]. The OMS is based upon an ultra-stable optical bench with 4 heterodyne interferometers from which interference signals are read-out and… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1307.8154v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('1307.8154v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1307.8154v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> The LISA Pathfinder mission to space employs an optical metrology system (OMS) at its core to measure the distance and attitude between two freely floating test-masses to picometer and nanorad accuracy, respectively, within the measurement band of [1 mHz, 30 mHz]. The OMS is based upon an ultra-stable optical bench with 4 heterodyne interferometers from which interference signals are read-out and processed by a digital phase-meter. Laser frequency noise, power fluctuations and optical path-length variations are suppressed to uncritical levels by dedicated control loops so that the measurement performance approaches the sensor limit imposed by the phase-meter. The system design is such that low frequency common mode noise which affects the read-out phase of all four interferometers is generally well suppressed by subtraction of a reference phase from the other interferometer signals. However, high frequency noise directly affects measurement performance and its common mode rejection depends strongly on the relative signal phases. We discuss how the data from recent test campaigns point towards high frequency phase noise as a likely performance limiting factor which explains some important performance features. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1307.8154v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('1307.8154v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 30 July, 2013; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> July 2013. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">13 pages, one columns, single space, 6 figures (color)</span> </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Journal ref:</span> Modeling Aspects in Optical Metrology IV, Proc. SPIE 8789, 87890X (2013) </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1303.5668">arXiv:1303.5668</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1303.5668">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/ps/1303.5668">ps</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/1303.5668">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Instrumentation and Detectors">physics.ins-det</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Optics">physics.optics</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Space Physics">physics.space-ph</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAA.30.000941">10.1364/JOSAA.30.000941 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Common mode noise rejection properties of amplitude and phase noise in a heterodyne interferometer </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hechenblaikner%2C+G">Gerald Hechenblaikner</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1303.5668v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> High precision metrology systems based on heterodyne interferometry can measure position and attitude of objects to accuracies of picometer and nanorad, respectively. A frequently found feature of the general system design is the subtraction of a reference phase from the phase of the position interferometer, which suppresses low frequency common mode amplitude and phase fluctuations occurring in v… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1303.5668v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('1303.5668v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1303.5668v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> High precision metrology systems based on heterodyne interferometry can measure position and attitude of objects to accuracies of picometer and nanorad, respectively. A frequently found feature of the general system design is the subtraction of a reference phase from the phase of the position interferometer, which suppresses low frequency common mode amplitude and phase fluctuations occurring in volatile optical path sections shared by both, the position and reference interferometer. Spectral components of the noise at frequencies around or higher than the heterodyne frequency, however, are generally transmitted into the measurement band and may limit the measurement accuracy. Detailed analytical calculations complemented with Monte Carlo simulations show that high frequency noise components may also be entirely suppressed, depending on the relative difference of measurement and reference phase, which may be exploited by corresponding design provisions. Whilst these results are applicable to any heterodyne interferometer with certain design characteristics, specific calculations and related discussions are given for the example of the optical metrology system of the LISA Pathfinder mission to space. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1303.5668v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('1303.5668v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 22 March, 2013; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> March 2013. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">DRAFT, 7 pages, two columns, 3 Figures</span> </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Journal ref:</span> J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 30, 941-947 (2013) </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1210.7333">arXiv:1210.7333</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1210.7333">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/ps/1210.7333">ps</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/1210.7333">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology">gr-qc</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Space Physics">physics.space-ph</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pss.2013.02.005">10.1016/j.pss.2013.02.005 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Probing the Flyby Anomaly with the future STE-QUEST mission </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=P%C3%A1ramos%2C+J">Jorge P谩ramos</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hechenblaikner%2C+G">Gerald Hechenblaikner</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1210.7333v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> In this study, we demonstrate that the flyby anomaly, an unexpected acceleration detected in some of the gravitational assists of the Galileo, NEAR, Cassini and Rosetta spacecraft, could be probed by accurate orbital tracking available in the proposed Space-Time Explorer and Quantum Equivalence Principle Space Test (STE- QUEST); following a recent work, we focus on the similarity between an hyperb… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1210.7333v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('1210.7333v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1210.7333v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> In this study, we demonstrate that the flyby anomaly, an unexpected acceleration detected in some of the gravitational assists of the Galileo, NEAR, Cassini and Rosetta spacecraft, could be probed by accurate orbital tracking available in the proposed Space-Time Explorer and Quantum Equivalence Principle Space Test (STE- QUEST); following a recent work, we focus on the similarity between an hyperbolic flyby and the perigee passage in a highly elliptic orbit of the latter, as well as its Global Navigation Satellite System precise orbital determination capabilities. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1210.7333v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('1210.7333v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 27 October, 2012; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> October 2012. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">11 pages, 2 figures, 5 tables</span> </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Journal ref:</span> Planetary and Space Science, Volumes 79-80, May 2013, Pages 76-81 </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1207.0394">arXiv:1207.0394</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1207.0394">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/1207.0394">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Instrumentation and Detectors">physics.ins-det</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Materials Science">cond-mat.mtrl-sci</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Space Physics">physics.space-ph</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Modeling and Performance of Contact-Free Discharge Systems for Space Inertial Sensors </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Ziegler%2C+T">Tobias Ziegler</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bergner%2C+P">Patrick Bergner</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hechenblaikner%2C+G">Gerald Hechenblaikner</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Brandt%2C+N">Nico Brandt</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Fichter%2C+W">Walter Fichter</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1207.0394v2-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> This article presents a detailed overview and assessment of contact-free UV light discharge systems (UVDS) needed to control the variable electric charge level of free-flying test masses which are part of high precision inertial sensors in space. A comprehensive numerical analysis approach on the basis of experimental data is detailed. This includes UV light ray tracing, the computation of time va… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1207.0394v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('1207.0394v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1207.0394v2-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> This article presents a detailed overview and assessment of contact-free UV light discharge systems (UVDS) needed to control the variable electric charge level of free-flying test masses which are part of high precision inertial sensors in space. A comprehensive numerical analysis approach on the basis of experimental data is detailed. This includes UV light ray tracing, the computation of time variant electric fields inside the complex inertial sensor geometry, and the simulation of individual photo-electron trajectories. Subsequent data analysis allows to determine key parameters to set up an analytical discharge model. Such a model is an essential system engineering tool needed for requirement breakdown and subsystem specification, performance budgeting, on-board charge control software development, and instrument modeling within spacecraft end-to-end performance simulators. Different types of UVDS design concepts are presented and assessed regarding their robustness and performance. Critical hardware aspects like electron emission from air-contaminated surfaces, interfaces with other subsystems, and spacecraft operations are considered. The focus is on the modeling and performance evaluation of the existing UVDS on board LISA Pathfinder, an ESA technology demonstrator spacecraft to be launched in 2014. The results have motivated the design of a more robust discharge system concept for cubical test mass inertial sensors for future space missions. The developed analysis tools have been used for design optimization and performance assessment of the proposed design. A significant improvement of relevant robustness and performance figures has been achieved. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1207.0394v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('1207.0394v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 3 July, 2012; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">v1</span> submitted 2 July, 2012; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> July 2012. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">16 pages, two columns, 15 figures, 2 tables</span> </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1206.1347">arXiv:1206.1347</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1206.1347">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/ps/1206.1347">ps</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/1206.1347">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Materials Science">cond-mat.mtrl-sci</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Instrumentation and Detectors">physics.ins-det</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4730638">10.1063/1.4730638 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Energy distribution and quantum yield for photoemission from air-contaminated gold surfaces under UV illumination close to the threshold </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hechenblaikner%2C+G">Gerald Hechenblaikner</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Ziegler%2C+T">Tobias Ziegler</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Biswas%2C+I">Indro Biswas</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Seibel%2C+C">Christoph Seibel</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Schulze%2C+M">Mathias Schulze</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Brandt%2C+N">Nico Brandt</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Schoell%2C+A">Achim Schoell</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bergner%2C+P">Patrick Bergner</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Reinert%2C+F+T">Friedrich T. Reinert</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1206.1347v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> The kinetic energy distributions of photo-electrons emitted from gold surfaces under illumination by UV-light close to the threshold are measured and analyzed. Samples are prepared as chemically clean through Ar-Ion sputtering and then exposed to atmosphere for variable durations before Quantum Yield measurements are performed after evacuation. During measurements the bias voltage applied to the s… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1206.1347v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('1206.1347v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1206.1347v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> The kinetic energy distributions of photo-electrons emitted from gold surfaces under illumination by UV-light close to the threshold are measured and analyzed. Samples are prepared as chemically clean through Ar-Ion sputtering and then exposed to atmosphere for variable durations before Quantum Yield measurements are performed after evacuation. During measurements the bias voltage applied to the sample is varied and the resulting emission current measured. Taking the derivative of the current-voltage curve yields the energy distribution which is found to closely resemble the distribution of total energies derived by DuBridge for emission from a free electron gas. We investigate the dependence of distribution shape and width on electrode geometry and contaminant substances adsorbed from the atmosphere, in particular to water and hydro-carbons. Emission efficiency increases initially during air exposure before diminishing to zero on a timescale of several hours, whilst subsequent annealing of the sample restores emissivity. A model fit function, in good quantitative agreement with the measured data, is introduced which accounts for the experiment-specific electrode geometry and an energy dependent transmission coefficient. The impact of large patch potential fields from contact potential drops between sample and sample holder is investigated. The total quantum yield is split into bulk and surface contributions which are tested for their sensitivity to light incidence angle and polarization. Our results are directly applicable to model parameters for the contact-free discharge system onboard the LISA Pathfinder spacecraft. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1206.1347v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('1206.1347v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 6 June, 2012; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> June 2012. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">paper draft: two columns, 12 pages, 10 figures</span> </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Journal ref:</span> J. Appl. Phys. 111, 124914 (2012) </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1205.4544">arXiv:1205.4544</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1205.4544">pdf</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Instrumentation and Detectors">physics.ins-det</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Optics">physics.optics</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1109/JQE.2011.2108637">10.1109/JQE.2011.2108637 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Digital laser frequency control and phase stabilization loops for a high precision space-borne metrology system </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hechenblaikner%2C+G">Gerald Hechenblaikner</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Wand%2C+V">Vinzenz Wand</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Kersten%2C+M">Michael Kersten</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Danzmann%2C+K">Karsten Danzmann</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Garcia%2C+A">Antonio Garcia</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Heinzel%2C+G">Gerhard Heinzel</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Nofrarias%2C+M">Miquel Nofrarias</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Steier%2C+F">Frank Steier</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1205.4544v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> We report on the design, implementation and characterization of fully digital control loops for laser frequency stabilization, differential phase-locking and performance optimization of the optical metrology system on-board the LISA Pathfinder space mission. The optical metrology system consists of a laser with modulator, four Mach-Zehnder interferometers, a phase-meter and a digital processing un… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1205.4544v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('1205.4544v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1205.4544v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> We report on the design, implementation and characterization of fully digital control loops for laser frequency stabilization, differential phase-locking and performance optimization of the optical metrology system on-board the LISA Pathfinder space mission. The optical metrology system consists of a laser with modulator, four Mach-Zehnder interferometers, a phase-meter and a digital processing unit for data analysis. The digital loop design has the advantage of easy and flexible controller implementation and loop calibration, automated and flexible locking and resetting, and improved performance over analogue circuitry. Using the practical ability of our system to modulate the laser frequency allows us to accurately determine the open loop transfer function and other system properties. Various noise sources and their impact on system performance are investigated in detail. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1205.4544v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('1205.4544v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 21 May, 2012; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> May 2012. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">10 pages, 7 figures; draft only, for edited version see journal link</span> </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Journal ref:</span> IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, Vol. 47, No. 5, p.p. 651 (2011) </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1201.4756">arXiv:1201.4756</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1201.4756">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/1201.4756">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Quantum Physics">quant-ph</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Instrumentation and Detectors">physics.ins-det</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10686-012-9292-3">10.1007/s10686-012-9292-3 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Macroscopic quantum resonators (MAQRO) </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Kaltenbaek%2C+R">Rainer Kaltenbaek</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hechenblaikner%2C+G">Gerald Hechenblaikner</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Kiesel%2C+N">Nikolai Kiesel</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Romero-Isart%2C+O">Oriol Romero-Isart</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Schwab%2C+K+C">Keith C. Schwab</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Johann%2C+U">Ulrich Johann</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Aspelmeyer%2C+M">Markus Aspelmeyer</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1201.4756v2-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> Quantum physics challenges our understanding of the nature of physical reality and of space-time and suggests the necessity of radical revisions of their underlying concepts. Experimental tests of quantum phenomena involving massive macroscopic objects would provide novel insights into these fundamental questions. Making use of the unique environment provided by space, MAQRO aims at investigating… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1201.4756v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('1201.4756v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1201.4756v2-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> Quantum physics challenges our understanding of the nature of physical reality and of space-time and suggests the necessity of radical revisions of their underlying concepts. Experimental tests of quantum phenomena involving massive macroscopic objects would provide novel insights into these fundamental questions. Making use of the unique environment provided by space, MAQRO aims at investigating this largely unexplored realm of macroscopic quantum physics. MAQRO has originally been proposed as a medium-sized fundamental-science space mission for the 2010 call of Cosmic Vision. MAQRO unites two experiments: DECIDE (DECoherence In Double-Slit Experiments) and CASE (Comparative Acceleration Sensing Experiment). The main scientific objective of MAQRO, which is addressed by the experiment DECIDE, is to test the predictions of quantum theory for quantum superpositions of macroscopic objects containing more than 10e8 atoms. Under these conditions, deviations due to various suggested alternative models to quantum theory would become visible. These models have been suggested to harmonize the paradoxical quantum phenomena both with the classical macroscopic world and with our notion of Minkowski space-time. The second scientific objective of MAQRO, which is addressed by the experiment CASE, is to demonstrate the performance of a novel type of inertial sensor based on optically trapped microspheres. CASE is a technology demonstrator that shows how the modular design of DECIDE allows to easily incorporate it with other missions that have compatible requirements in terms of spacecraft and orbit. CASE can, at the same time, serve as a test bench for the weak equivalence principle, i.e., the universality of free fall with test-masses differing in their mass by 7 orders of magnitude. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1201.4756v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('1201.4756v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 19 March, 2012; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">v1</span> submitted 23 January, 2012; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> January 2012. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">Proposal for a medium-sized space mission, 28 pages, 9 figures - in v2, we corrected some minor mistakes and replaced fig. 9 with a higher-resolution version; Experimental Astronomy, March 2012, Online, Open Access</span> </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Journal ref:</span> Exp. Astron. 34 (2), 123-164 (2012) </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1006.4179">arXiv:1006.4179</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1006.4179">pdf</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Instrumentation and Detectors">physics.ins-det</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Optics">physics.optics</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Space Physics">physics.space-ph</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAA.27.002078">10.1364/JOSAA.27.002078 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Measurement of the absolute wavefront curvature radius in a heterodyne interferometer </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hechenblaikner%2C+G">Gerald Hechenblaikner</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1006.4179v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> We present an analytical derivation of the coupling parameter relating the angle between two interfering beams in a heterodyne interferometer to the differential phase-signals detected by a quadrant photo-diode. This technique, also referred to as Differential Wavefront Sensing (DWS), is commonly used in space-based gravitational wave detectors to determine the attitude of a test-mass in one of th… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1006.4179v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('1006.4179v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1006.4179v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> We present an analytical derivation of the coupling parameter relating the angle between two interfering beams in a heterodyne interferometer to the differential phase-signals detected by a quadrant photo-diode. This technique, also referred to as Differential Wavefront Sensing (DWS), is commonly used in space-based gravitational wave detectors to determine the attitude of a test-mass in one of the interferometer arms from the quadrant diode signals. Successive approximations to the analytical expression are made to simplify the investigation of parameter dependencies. Motivated by our findings, we propose a new measurement method to accurately determine the absolute wave-front curvature of a single measurement beam. We also investigate the change in coupling parameter when the interferometer "test-mirror" is moved from its nominal position, an effect which mediates the coupling of mirror displacement noise into differential phase-measurements. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1006.4179v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('1006.4179v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 21 June, 2010; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> June 2010. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">double-spaced, 21 pages, 5 figures</span> </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Journal ref:</span> J.Opt.Soc.Am. A27:2078-2083,2010 </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1006.2122">arXiv:1006.2122</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1006.2122">pdf</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Instrumentation and Detectors">physics.ins-det</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Optics">physics.optics</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Space Physics">physics.space-ph</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.49.005665">10.1364/AO.49.005665 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Coupling characterization and noise studies of the Optical Metrology System on-board the LISA Pathfinder Mission </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hechenblaikner%2C+G">G. Hechenblaikner</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Gerndt%2C+R">R. Gerndt</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Johann%2C+U">U. Johann</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Luetzow-Wentzky%2C+P">P. Luetzow-Wentzky</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Wand%2C+V">V. Wand</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Audley%2C+H">H. Audley</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Danzmann%2C+K">K. Danzmann</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Garcia-Marin%2C+A">A. Garcia-Marin</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Heinzel%2C+G">G. Heinzel</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Nofrarias%2C+M">M. Nofrarias</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Steier%2C+F">F. Steier</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1006.2122v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> In this article we describe the first investigations of the complete engineering model of the Optical Metrology System (OMS), a key subsystem of the LISA Pathfinder science mission to space. The latter itself is a technological precursor mission to LISA, a space-borne gravitational wave detector. At its core, the OMS consists of four heterodyne Mach Zehnder interferometers, a highly stable laser w… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1006.2122v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('1006.2122v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1006.2122v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> In this article we describe the first investigations of the complete engineering model of the Optical Metrology System (OMS), a key subsystem of the LISA Pathfinder science mission to space. The latter itself is a technological precursor mission to LISA, a space-borne gravitational wave detector. At its core, the OMS consists of four heterodyne Mach Zehnder interferometers, a highly stable laser with external modulator and a phase-meter. It is designed to monitor and track the longitudinal motion and attitude of two floating test-masses in the optical reference frame with a (relative) precision in the picometer and nanorad range, respectively. We analyze sensor signal correlations and determine a physical sensor noise limit. The coupling parameters between motional degrees of freedom and interferometer signals are analytically derived and compared to measurements. We also measure adverse cross-coupling effects originating from system imperfections and limitations and describe algorithmic mitigation techniques to overcome some of them. Their impact on system performance is analyzed in the context of the Pathfinder mission. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1006.2122v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('1006.2122v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 10 June, 2010; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> June 2010. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">34 pages double-spaced 5 figures</span> </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Journal ref:</span> Appl.Opt.49:5665-5677,2010 </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0412126">arXiv:physics/0412126</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/physics/0412126">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/ps/physics/0412126">ps</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/physics/0412126">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Optics">physics.optics</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Testing and design of a lens system for atom trapping and fluorescence detection </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Baranowski%2C+P">P Baranowski</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Zacks%2C+J">J Zacks</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hechenblaikner%2C+G">G Hechenblaikner</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Foot%2C+C+J">C J Foot</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="physics/0412126v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> We present methods and results of the testing of an inexpensive home-made diffraction limited lens system, the design of which was proposed in a recent paper and which has since been used (with slight alterations) by several research groups. Our system will be used for both: focussing a collimated laser beam at a wavelength of lambda=830 nm down to a narrow spot and for collimating fluorescence… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('physics/0412126v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('physics/0412126v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="physics/0412126v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> We present methods and results of the testing of an inexpensive home-made diffraction limited lens system, the design of which was proposed in a recent paper and which has since been used (with slight alterations) by several research groups. Our system will be used for both: focussing a collimated laser beam at a wavelength of lambda=830 nm down to a narrow spot and for collimating fluorescence light (lambda=780 nm) emitted from rubidium atoms captured in this spot. Useful tests for lens systems include the use of ray tracing software, shear-wave interferometers, the imaging of test charts and of polystyrene beads of a very small size. We present these methods and show how conclusions can be drawn for the design under test. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('physics/0412126v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('physics/0412126v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 20 December, 2004; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> December 2004. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">14 pages, 8 figures</span> </p> </li> </ol> <div class="is-hidden-tablet">  <span class="help" style="display: inline-block;"><a href="https://github.com/arXiv/arxiv-search/releases">Search v0.5.6 released 2020-02-24</a>  </span> </div> </div> </main> <footer> <div class="columns 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