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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Texte_littéraire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Texte littéraire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Texte_littéraire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-En_informatique" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#En_informatique"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>En informatique</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-En_informatique-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_et_références" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_et_références"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Notes et références</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes_et_références-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voir_aussi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voir_aussi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Voir aussi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Voir_aussi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Voir aussi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Voir_aussi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliographie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliographie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Bibliographie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliographie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Articles_connexes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Articles_connexes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Articles connexes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Articles_connexes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liens_externes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liens_externes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Liens externes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liens_externes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sommaire" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table des matières" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Basculer la table des matières" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Basculer la table des matières</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Texte</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre langue. Disponible en 69 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-69" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">69 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teks_(algemene_literatuurwetenskap)" title="Teks (algemene literatuurwetenskap) – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Teks (algemene literatuurwetenskap)" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B5_(%D8%A3%D8%AF%D8%A8)" title="نص (أدب) – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نص (أدب)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testu" title="Testu – asturien" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Testu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C9%99tn" title="Mətn – azerbaïdjanais" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Mətn" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaïdjanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8D%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%82" title="Тэкст – biélorusse" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Тэкст" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="biélorusse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8D%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%82" title="Тэкст – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Тэкст" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%82" title="Текст – bulgare" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Текст" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tekst" title="Tekst – bosniaque" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Tekst" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Text" title="Text – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Text" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%82" title="Текст – tchétchène" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Текст" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="tchétchène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%95%D9%82" title="دەق – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="دەق" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Text" title="Text – tchèque" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Text" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchèque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%82" title="Текст – tchouvache" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Текст" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tchouvache" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tekst" title="Tekst – danois" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tekst" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Text" title="Text – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Text" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Text_(literary_theory)" title="Text (literary theory) – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Text (literary theory)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teksto" title="Teksto – espéranto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Teksto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="espéranto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texto" title="Texto – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Texto" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tekst" title="Tekst – estonien" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tekst" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testu" title="Testu – basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Testu" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AA%D9%86" title="متن – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="متن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teksti" title="Teksti – finnois" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Teksti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tekst" title="Tekst – frison occidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Tekst" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frison occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texto" title="Texto – galicien" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Texto" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%98" title="טקסט – hébreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טקסט" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hébreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tekst" title="Tekst – croate" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Tekst" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A8ks" title="Tèks – créole haïtien" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Tèks" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="créole haïtien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sz%C3%B6veg" title="Szöveg – hongrois" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szöveg" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongrois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8F%D5%A5%D6%84%D5%BD%D5%BF" title="Տեքստ – arménien" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Տեքստ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teks_(teori_sastra)" title="Teks (teori sastra) – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Teks (teori sastra)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texto" title="Texto – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Texto" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texti" title="Texti – islandais" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Texti" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testo" title="Testo – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Testo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%86%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88_(%E6%89%B9%E8%A9%95)" title="テクスト (批評) – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="テクスト (批評)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D3%99%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Мәтін – kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Мәтін" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%85%8D%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8_(%EB%AC%B8%ED%95%99%EC%9D%B4%EB%A1%A0)" title="텍스트 (문학이론) – coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="텍스트 (문학이론)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%82" title="Текст – kirghize" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Текст" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirghize" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Textus_(ratio_litteraria)" title="Textus (ratio litteraria) – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Textus (ratio litteraria)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teks" title="Teks – limbourgeois" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Teks" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limbourgeois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tekstas" title="Tekstas – lituanien" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Tekstas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituanien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teksts" title="Teksts – letton" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Teksts" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%82" title="Текст – macédonien" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Текст" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macédonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%82" title="Текст – mari occidental" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Текст" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="mari occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tekst" title="Tekst – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tekst" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tekst" title="Tekst – norvégien nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Tekst" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvégien nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tekst" title="Tekst – norvégien bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tekst" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvégien bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A8xte" title="Tèxte – occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Tèxte" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A0_(%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A4_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A7%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%A4)" title="ਪਾਠ (ਸਾਹਿਤ ਸਿਧਾਂਤ) – pendjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪਾਠ (ਸਾਹਿਤ ਸਿਧਾਂਤ)" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pendjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tekst_(literatura)" title="Tekst (literatura) – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Tekst (literatura)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texto" title="Texto – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Texto" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Text" title="Text – roumain" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Text" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="roumain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%82" title="Текст – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Текст" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Тиэкис – iakoute" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Тиэкис" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="iakoute" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tekst" title="Tekst – serbo-croate" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Tekst" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Text" title="Text – slovaque" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Text" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Besedilo" title="Besedilo – slovène" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Besedilo" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teksti" title="Teksti – albanais" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Teksti" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%82" title="Текст – serbe" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Текст" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Text_(spr%C3%A5k)" title="Text (språk) – suédois" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Text (språk)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suédois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matini" title="Matini – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Matini" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tekst" title="Tekst – turkmène" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Tekst" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teksto" title="Teksto – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Teksto" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metin" title="Metin – turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Metin" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%82" title="Текст – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Текст" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matn" title="Matn – ouzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Matn" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ouzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C4%83n_b%E1%BA%A3n" title="Văn bản – vietnamien" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Văn bản" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%87%E6%9C%AC" title="文本 – chinois" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="文本" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%BBn-p%C3%BAn_(b%C3%BBn-ha%CC%8Dk_l%C3%AD-l%C5%ABn)" title="Bûn-pún (bûn-ha̍k lí-lūn) – minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Bûn-pún (bûn-ha̍k lí-lūn)" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%87%E6%9C%AC" title="文本 – cantonais" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="文本" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q234460#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifier les liens interlangues" class="wbc-editpage">Modifier les liens</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espaces de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Texte" title="Voir le contenu de la page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discussion:Texte" rel="discussion" title="Discussion au sujet de cette page de contenu [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Modifier la variante de langue" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">français</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Affichages"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Texte"><span>Lire</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Texte&veaction=edit" title="Modifier cette page [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifier</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Texte&action=edit" title="Modifier le wikicode de cette page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifier le code</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Texte&action=history" title="Historique des versions de cette page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Voir l’historique</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Outils de la page"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Outils" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Outils</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Outils</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">masquer</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Plus d’options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Texte"><span>Lire</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Texte&veaction=edit" title="Modifier cette page [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifier</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Texte&action=edit" title="Modifier le wikicode de cette page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifier le code</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Texte&action=history"><span>Voir l’historique</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Général </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Pages_li%C3%A9es/Texte" title="Liste des pages liées qui pointent sur celle-ci [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pages liées</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Suivi_des_liens/Texte" rel="nofollow" title="Liste des modifications récentes des pages appelées par celle-ci [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Suivi des pages liées</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aide:Importer_un_fichier" title="Téléverser des fichiers [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Téléverser un fichier</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Texte&oldid=222732997" title="Adresse permanente de cette version de cette page"><span>Lien permanent</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Texte&action=info" title="Davantage d’informations sur cette page"><span>Informations sur la page</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Citer&page=Texte&id=222732997&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informations sur la manière de citer cette page"><span>Citer cette page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTexte"><span>Obtenir l'URL raccourcie</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTexte"><span>Télécharger le code QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimer / exporter </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Livre&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Texte"><span>Créer un livre</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Texte&action=show-download-screen"><span>Télécharger comme PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Texte&printable=yes" title="Version imprimable de cette page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Version imprimable</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dans d’autres projets </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Texts" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q234460" title="Lien vers l’élément dans le dépôt de données connecté [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Élément Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Outils de la page"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Apparence"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Apparence</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">masquer</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"><p>Un <b>texte</b> est une série orale ou écrite de <a href="/wiki/Mot" title="Mot">mots</a> perçus comme constituant un ensemble cohérent, porteur de sens et utilisant les structures propres à une <a href="/wiki/Langue" title="Langue">langue</a> (conjugaisons, construction et association des phrases…)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Un texte n'a pas de longueur déterminée sauf dans le cas de <a href="/wiki/Po%C3%A8me" title="Poème">poèmes</a> à forme fixe comme le <a href="/wiki/Sonnet" title="Sonnet">sonnet</a> ou le <a href="/wiki/Ha%C3%AFku" title="Haïku">haïku</a>. </p><p>L'étude formelle des textes s'appuie sur la <a href="/wiki/Linguistique" title="Linguistique">linguistique</a>, qui est l'approche scientifique du langage. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Étymologie"><span id=".C3.89tymologie"></span>Étymologie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Texte&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifier la section : Étymologie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Texte&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Étymologie"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>« Texte » est issu du mot latin « textum », dérivé du verbe « texere » qui signifie « tisser ». Le mot s'applique à l'entrelacement des fibres utilisées dans le tissage, voir par exemple <a href="/wiki/Ovide" title="Ovide">Ovide</a> : « Quo super iniecit textum rude sedula Baucis = (un siège) sur lequel Baucis empressée avait jeté un tissu grossier »<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> ou au tressage (exemple chez <a href="/wiki/Martial_(po%C3%A8te)" title="Martial (poète)">Martial</a> « Vimineum textum = panier d'osier tressé »). Le verbe a aussi le sens large de construire comme dans « basilicam texere = construire une basilique » chez <a href="/wiki/Cic%C3%A9ron" title="Cicéron">Cicéron</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Le <a href="/wiki/Sens_figur%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Sens figuré">sens figuré</a> d'éléments de langage organisés et enchaînés apparaît avant l'<a href="/wiki/Empire_romain" title="Empire romain">Empire romain</a> : il désigne un agencement particulier du discours. Exemple : « epistolas texere = composer des épîtres » - Cicéron (<abbr class="abbr" title="1ᵉʳ siècle"><span class="romain">I</span><sup style="font-size:72%">er</sup></abbr> siècle <abbr class="abbr nowrap" title="avant Jésus-Christ">av. J.-C.</abbr>)<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>4<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> ou plus nettement chez <a href="/wiki/Quintilien" title="Quintilien">Quintilien</a> (<span class="nowrap"><abbr class="abbr" title="1ᵉʳ siècle"><span class="romain">I</span><sup style="font-size:72%">er</sup></abbr> siècle <abbr class="abbr nowrap" title="après Jésus-Christ">apr. J.-C.</abbr></span>) : « verba in textu jungantur = l'agencement des mots dans la phrase »<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>5<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Les formes anciennes du <a href="/wiki/Moyen_%C3%82ge" title="Moyen Âge">Moyen Âge</a> désignent au <abbr class="abbr" title="12ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XII</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle le volume qui contient le texte sacré des Évangiles, puis au <abbr class="abbr" title="13ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XIII</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle, le texte original d'un livre saint ou des propos de quelqu'un. Au <abbr class="abbr" title="17ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XVII</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle le mot s’applique au passage d'un ouvrage pris comme référence et au début du <abbr class="abbr" title="19ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XIX</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle le mot texte a son sens général d'« écrit »<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>6<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Texte_littéraire"><span id="Texte_litt.C3.A9raire"></span>Texte littéraire</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Texte&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifier la section : Texte littéraire" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Texte&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Texte littéraire"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Un texte répond de façon plus ou moins pertinente à des critères qui en déterminent la qualité <a href="/wiki/Litt%C3%A9rature" title="Littérature">littéraire</a>. On retient en particulier la structure d'ensemble, la <a href="/wiki/Syntaxe" title="Syntaxe">syntaxe</a> et la ponctuation, l'orthographe lexicale et grammaticale, la pertinence et la richesse du vocabulaire, la présence de <a href="/wiki/Figures_de_style" class="mw-redirect" title="Figures de style">figures de style</a>, le <a href="/wiki/Registre_de_langue" title="Registre de langue">registre de langue</a> et la <a href="/wiki/Sch%C3%A9ma_de_Jakobson" title="Schéma de Jakobson">fonction</a> recherchée (narrative, descriptive, expressive, argumentative, injonctive, poétique). C'est l'objet de l'analyse littéraire. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="En_informatique">En informatique</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Texte&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifier la section : En informatique" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Texte&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : En informatique"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>En <a href="/wiki/Informatique" title="Informatique">informatique</a>, la notion de texte s'oppose à la notion de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Donn%C3%A9es_binaires&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Données binaires (page inexistante)">données binaires</a>, on parle alors : </p> <ul><li>de <a href="/wiki/Texte_brut" title="Texte brut">texte brut</a> dans un protocole de télécommunication ;</li> <li>de document texte si le logiciel utilisé permet de formater le texte ;</li> <li>ou encore de texte formaté ou riche lorsque les indications de formats sont données en texte brut (exemple : <a href="/wiki/Rich_Text_Format" title="Rich Text Format">Rich Text Format</a>) ;</li> <li>de <a href="/wiki/Fichier_texte" title="Fichier texte">fichier texte</a> dans un fichier qui ne contient que des caractères sans mise en forme autre que les sauts de lignes et le choix des caractères.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Texte&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Texte&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Notes et références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">François Rastier définit le texte comme <span class="citation">« une suite linguistique autonome (orale ou écrite) constituant une unité empirique, et produite par un ou plusieurs énonciateurs dans une pratique sociale attestée »</span> (François Rastier, 2001, <i>Arts et sciences du texte</i>, Paris, PUF, page 302).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bcs.fltr.ucl.ac.be/METAM/Met08/M-08-547-724.htm"><i>Métamorphoses</i> 8, 640</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Lucius_Aemilius_Paullus_(consul_en_-50)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lucius Aemilius Paullus (consul en -50)">Paullus</a> in medio foro jam paene basilicam texuit iisdem antiquis columnis <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=eshGAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA306&lpg=PA306&dq=Paullus+in+medio+foro+jam+paene+basilicam+texuit&source=bl&ots=_uIh9eCKyW&sig=28Yo5gvBvD7wYO2RmezR3PDsVjI&hl=fr&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjx86f-mNrPAhWnAcAKHfBgDacQ6AEIKTAB#v=onepage&q=Paullus%20in%20medio%20foro%20jam%20paene%20basilicam%20texuit&f=false">[1]</a> Ciceron, <i>Ad Atticum</i>, 4,16, 14, Lettre CXLIX - page 306</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">« epistolas quotidianis verbis texere solemus » Ciceron, Lettres : Ad Familiares, IX, 21, lettre DCLVIII <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=1ldDAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA200&lpg=PA200&dq=epistolas+quotidianis+verbis+texere+solemus&source=bl&ots=-v9nCm6nnM&sig=SAAOH0nwqng3JhE23i9iysTmWzs&hl=fr&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjozrXH8NnPAhUsCsAKHXdJBsIQ6AEIKjAB#v=onepage&q=epistolas%20quotidianis%20verbis%20texere%20solemus&f=false">[2]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">« quantumque interest, sensus idem quibus verbis efferatur, tantum, verba eadem qua in compositione vel in textu jungantur = (autant la valeur de la pensée varie suivant les mots qui l'expriment, autant celle des mots varie selon leur harmonie et selon leur agencement) - Quintilien De l'Institution oratoire Livre IX, ch. 4 <i>De compositione</i> (<i>De l'arrangement des mots</i>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=2UAMAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA156&lpg=PA156&dq=quintilien+textus&source=bl&ots=jDzK22q6c7&sig=n3bGNfTCT1UcfAGQOEwe3SNPZxU&hl=fr&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjqgNa99tnPAhVGDsAKHRjGDqgQ6AEIIzAA#v=onepage&q=quintilien%20textus&f=false">[3]</a> page 326, ou page 392 ibidem « Historia non tam finitos numeros, quam orbem quemdam contextumque desiderat : namque omnia ejus membra connexa sunt, quoniam lubrica est, ac fluit » page 392 = « L'histoire n'exige pas tant une prose parfaitement cadencée, qu'une suite de phrases dont le tissu soit bien lié; car tout s'y enchaîne, tout y coule, tout y glisse. »</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnrtl.fr/lexicographie/texte">Dictionnaire CNRTL</a></span> </li> </ol></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voir_aussi">Voir aussi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Texte&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifier la section : Voir aussi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Texte&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Voir aussi"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r194021218">.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>.titre{text-align:center;margin:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li{list-style:none;margin:0.2em 0;text-indent:0;padding-left:24px;min-height:20px;text-align:left;display:block}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li>a{font-style:italic}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .autres-projets{float:none}}</style><div class="autres-projets boite-grise boite-a-droite noprint js-interprojets"> <p class="titre">Sur les autres projets Wikimedia :</p> <ul class="noarchive plainlinks"> <li class="wiktionary"><a href="https://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/texte" class="extiw" title="wikt:texte">texte</a>, <span class="nowrap">sur le <span class="project">Wiktionnaire</span></span></li> </ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliographie">Bibliographie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Texte&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifier la section : Bibliographie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Texte&action=edit&section=6" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Bibliographie"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roland_Barthes" title="Roland Barthes">Roland Barthes</a> :</li></ul> <ol><li><i>S/Z</i>, Paris, 1970 ;</li> <li><i>Le Plaisir du texte</i>, Paris, 1973 ;</li> <li><i>L'Avenir sémiologique</i>, Paris, Seuil, 1985.</li></ol> <ul><li>J. Baudrillard, <i>Pour une critique de l'économie politique du signe</i>, Paris, 1972.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Derrida" title="Jacques Derrida">Jacques Derrida</a>, <i>De la grammatologie</i>, Paris, 1967.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzvetan_Todorov" title="Tzvetan Todorov">Tzvetan Todorov</a>, « Texte », in O.Ducrot et Tzvetan Todorov, <i>Dictionnaire encyclopédique des sciences du langage</i>, Paris, 1972.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Articles_connexes">Articles connexes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Texte&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifier la section : Articles connexes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Texte&action=edit&section=7" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Articles connexes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Critique_textuelle" title="Critique textuelle">Critique textuelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fichier_texte" title="Fichier texte">Fichier texte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linguistique_textuelle" title="Linguistique textuelle">Linguistique textuelle</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liens_externes">Liens externes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Texte&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifier la section : Liens externes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Texte&action=edit&section=8" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Liens externes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li 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