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</li> <li id="toc-Gender_studies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gender_studies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Gender studies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gender_studies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South_African_masculinist_evangelical_movements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_African_masculinist_evangelical_movements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>South African masculinist evangelical movements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_African_masculinist_evangelical_movements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Explanatory_notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Explanatory_notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Explanatory notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Explanatory_notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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Available in 37 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-37" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">37 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maskulisme" title="Maskulisme – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Maskulisme" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B0%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="ذكورية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ذكورية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6" title="পুরুষবাদ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পুরুষবাদ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maskulismo" title="Maskulismo – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Maskulismo" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masculinisme" title="Masculinisme – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Masculinisme" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maskulinismus" title="Maskulinismus – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Maskulinismus" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maskulinisme" title="Maskulinisme – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Maskulinisme" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maskulinismus" title="Maskulinismus – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Maskulinismus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maskulinism" title="Maskulinism – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Maskulinism" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masculinismo" title="Masculinismo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Masculinismo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virismo" title="Virismo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Virismo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="مردسالاری – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مردسالاری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masculinisme_(id%C3%A9ologie)" title="Masculinisme (idéologie) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Masculinisme (idéologie)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%82%A8%EC%84%B1%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="남성주의 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="남성주의" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%AF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%A6%D5%B4" title="Մասկուլիզմ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մասկուլիզմ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masculism" title="Masculism – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Masculism" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mascolinismo" title="Mascolinismo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Mascolinismo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="მასკულიზმი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მასკულიზმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masculinisme" title="Masculinisme – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Masculinisme" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Маскулизам – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Маскулизам" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masculinisme" title="Masculinisme – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Masculinisme" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%82%B9%E3%82%AD%E3%83%A5%E3%83%AA%E3%82%BA%E3%83%A0" title="マスキュリズム – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マスキュリズム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maskulinisme" title="Maskulinisme – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Maskulinisme" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maskulinizm" title="Maskulinizm – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Maskulinizm" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masculinismo" title="Masculinismo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Masculinismo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Маскулизм – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Маскулизм" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masculinismu" title="Masculinismu – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Masculinismu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maskulinizmus" title="Maskulinizmus – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Maskulinizmus" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Маскулизам – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Маскулизам" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maskulismi" title="Maskulismi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Maskulismi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maskulinism" title="Maskulinism – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Maskulinism" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="ஆணியம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஆணியம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B7%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%82" title="పురుషవాదం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="పురుషవాదం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mask%C3%BClizm" title="Maskülizm – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Maskülizm" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Маскулізм – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Маскулізм" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%B7%E6%80%A7%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="男性主義 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="男性主義" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%B7%E6%80%A7%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="男性主義 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="男性主義" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1973996#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Masculism" 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330" /><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="border: 4px double #0000BF; border-spacing:0.2em 0;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Masculism" title="Category:Masculism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Masculism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Male_symbol_(heavy_blue).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Male_symbol_%28heavy_blue%29.svg/80px-Male_symbol_%28heavy_blue%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Male_symbol_%28heavy_blue%29.svg/120px-Male_symbol_%28heavy_blue%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Male_symbol_%28heavy_blue%29.svg/160px-Male_symbol_%28heavy_blue%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #0000BF;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Movements</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base, #202122 ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fathers%27_rights_movement" title="Fathers' rights movement">Fathers' rights movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intactivism" class="mw-redirect" title="Intactivism">Intactivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HimToo_movement" title="HimToo movement">HimToo movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Men%27s_movement" title="Men's movement">Men's movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mythopoetic_men%27s_movement" title="Mythopoetic men's movement">Mythopoetic men's movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Men%27s_liberation_movement" title="Men's liberation movement">Men's liberation movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Men%27s_rights_movement" title="Men's rights movement">Men's rights movement</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #0000BF;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Topics and issues</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base, #202122 ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-top:0.4em;font-style:italic;font-weight:normal;border-bottom:1px solid #0000BF;"> Topics</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sex_differences_in_humans" title="Sex differences in humans">Sex differences in humans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_male_sexuality" title="Human male sexuality">Human male sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_equality" title="Gender equality">Gender equality</a></li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Misandry" title="Misandry">Misandry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hegemonic_masculinity" title="Hegemonic masculinity">Hegemonic masculinity</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Effeminacy" title="Effeminacy">Effeminacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_roles" class="mw-redirect" title="Gender roles">Gender roles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machismo" title="Machismo">Machismo</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gender_neutrality" title="Gender neutrality">Gender neutrality</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Men_in_feminism" title="Men in feminism">Men in feminism</a></li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/Pro-feminism" title="Pro-feminism">Pro-feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antifeminism" title="Antifeminism">Anti-feminism</a>)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-top:0.4em;font-style:italic;font-weight:normal;border-bottom:1px solid #0000BF;"> Issues</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_men" title="Discrimination against men">Discrimination against men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violence_against_men" title="Violence against men">Violence against men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Male_expendability" title="Male expendability">Male expendability</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Circumcision_controversies" title="Circumcision controversies">Circumcision controversies</a></li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/Genital_modification_and_mutilation#Male_genitals" title="Genital modification and mutilation">Genital mutilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forced_circumcision" title="Forced circumcision">Forced circumcision</a>)</li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rape" title="Rape">Rape</a></li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/Prison_rape" title="Prison rape">Prison rape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/False_accusation_of_rape" title="False accusation of rape">False accusation of rape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rape_of_males" title="Rape of males">Rape of males</a>)</li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Domestic_violence" title="Domestic violence">Domestic violence</a> (<a href="/wiki/Domestic_violence_against_men" title="Domestic violence against men">against men</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violence_against_LGBT_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Violence against LGBT people">Violence against LGBT people</a></li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/Homophobia" title="Homophobia">Homophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gayphobia" class="mw-redirect" title="Gayphobia">Gayphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gay_bashing" title="Gay bashing">Gay bashing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transphobia" title="Transphobia">Transphobia</a>)</li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conscription" title="Conscription">Conscription</a></li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reproductive_rights" title="Reproductive rights">Reproductive rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paternal_rights_and_abortion" title="Paternal rights and abortion">Paternal rights and abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No-fault_divorce" title="No-fault divorce">No-fault divorce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sperm_theft" class="mw-redirect" title="Sperm theft">Sperm theft</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reverse_sexism" title="Reverse sexism">Reverse sexism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toxic_masculinity" title="Toxic masculinity">Toxic masculinity</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #0000BF;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">By country</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base, #202122 ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-top:0.4em;font-style:italic;font-weight:normal;border-bottom:1px solid #0000BF;"> Men's rights</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Men%27s_rights_movement_in_India" title="Men's rights movement in India">India</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-top:0.4em;font-style:italic;font-weight:normal;border-bottom:1px solid #0000BF;"> <a href="/wiki/Fathers%27_rights_movement_by_country" title="Fathers' rights movement by country">Fathers' rights</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fathers%27_rights_movement_in_Australia" title="Fathers' rights movement in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fathers%27_rights_movement_in_Italy" title="Fathers' rights movement in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fathers%27_rights_movement_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Fathers' rights movement in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fathers%27_rights_movement_in_the_United_States" title="Fathers' rights movement in the United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #0000BF;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Lists and categories</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base, #202122 ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_masculism_topics" title="Index of masculism topics">Index of masculism topics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Masculism" title="Category:Masculism">Masculism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Masculists" title="Category:Masculists">Masculists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Men%27s_movement" title="Category:Men's movement">Men's movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Men%27s_organizations" title="Category:Men's organizations">Men's organizations</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #0000BF;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">See also</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base, #202122 ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Men%27s_Day" title="International Men's Day">International Men's Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Men" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister for Men">Minister for Men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movember" title="Movember">Movember</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Men%27s_studies" title="Men's studies">Men's studies</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar 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nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="background:#ffdd99;p">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Discrimination" title="Category:Discrimination">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="font-size:175%; line-height:1.0em; background:#ffdd99;"><a href="/wiki/Discrimination" title="Discrimination">Discrimination</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="padding:0.5em 0"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emojione_1F6AB.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Emojione_1F6AB.svg/70px-Emojione_1F6AB.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Emojione_1F6AB.svg/105px-Emojione_1F6AB.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Emojione_1F6AB.svg/140px-Emojione_1F6AB.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;background:#ffdd99;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;font-size:110%;;color: var(--color-base)">Forms</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Institutional_discrimination" title="Institutional discrimination">Institutional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structural_discrimination" title="Structural discrimination">Structural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statistical_discrimination_(economics)" title="Statistical discrimination (economics)">Statistical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systemic_bias" title="Systemic bias">Systemic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taste-based_discrimination" title="Taste-based discrimination">Taste-based</a></li></ul></div></div> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;background:#ffdd99;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;font-size:110%;;color: var(--color-base)">Attributes</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ageism" title="Ageism">Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caste" title="Caste">Caste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Class_discrimination" title="Class discrimination">Class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dialect_discrimination" title="Dialect discrimination">Dialect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ableism" title="Ableism">Disability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_discrimination" title="Economic discrimination">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetic_discrimination" title="Genetic discrimination">Genetic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_based_on_hair_texture" title="Discrimination based on hair texture">Hair texture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Height_discrimination" title="Height discrimination">Height</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linguistic_discrimination" title="Linguistic discrimination">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lookism" title="Lookism">Looks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanism" title="Sanism">Mental disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_based_on_nationality" title="Discrimination based on nationality">Nationality or citizenship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism" title="Racism">Race / Ethnicity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_based_on_skin_tone" title="Discrimination based on skin tone">Skin color</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_racism" title="Scientific racism">Scientific racism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rankism" title="Rankism">Rank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexism" title="Sexism">Sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation_discrimination" title="Sexual orientation discrimination">Sexual orientation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speciesism" title="Speciesism">Species</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sizeism" title="Sizeism">Size</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viewpoint_discrimination" title="Viewpoint discrimination">Viewpoint</a></li></ul></div></div> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;background:#ffdd99;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;font-size:110%;;color: var(--color-base)">Social</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arophobia" class="mw-redirect" title="Arophobia">Arophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_people_with_albinism" title="Persecution of people with albinism">Anti-albinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_asexual_people" title="Discrimination against asexual people">Acephobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adultism" title="Adultism">Adultism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Do-gooder_derogation" title="Do-gooder derogation">Anti-altruistic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_autistic_people" title="Discrimination against autistic people">Anti-autism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_homeless_people" title="Discrimination against homeless people">Anti-homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_drug_addicts" title="Discrimination against drug addicts">Anti-drug addicts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-intellectualism" title="Anti-intellectualism">Anti-intellectualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_intersex_people" title="Discrimination against intersex people">Anti-intersex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bias_against_left-handed_people" title="Bias against left-handed people">Anti-left handedness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Masonry" title="Anti-Masonry">Anti-Masonry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aporophobia" title="Aporophobia">Aporophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audism" title="Audism">Audism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biphobia" title="Biphobia">Biphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clannism" class="mw-redirect" title="Clannism">Clannism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elitism" title="Elitism">Elitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephebiphobia" title="Ephebiphobia">Ephebiphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_determinants_of_health" title="Social determinants of health">Health</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_determinants_of_mental_health" title="Social determinants of mental health">mental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_determinants_of_health_in_poverty" title="Social determinants of health in poverty">in poverty</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_stigma_of_obesity" title="Social stigma of obesity">Fatphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_gay_men" title="Discrimination against gay men">Gayphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerontophobia" title="Gerontophobia">Gerontophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heterosexism" title="Heterosexism">Heterosexism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_people_with_HIV/AIDS" title="Discrimination against people with HIV/AIDS">HIV/AIDS stigma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypergamy" title="Hypergamy">Hypergamy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homophobia" title="Homophobia">Homophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/In-group_favoritism" title="In-group favoritism">In-group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leprosy_stigma" title="Leprosy stigma">Leprosy stigma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbophobia" class="mw-redirect" title="Lesbophobia">Lesbophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_men" title="Discrimination against men">Against men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misandry" title="Misandry">Misandry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misogyny" title="Misogyny">Misogyny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepotism" title="Nepotism">Nepotism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outgroup_favoritism" title="Outgroup favoritism">Outgroup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fear_of_children" title="Fear of children">Pedophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpetual_foreigner" title="Perpetual foreigner">Perpetual foreigner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pregnancy_discrimination" title="Pregnancy discrimination">Pregnancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sectarianism" title="Sectarianism">Sectarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supremacism" title="Supremacism">Supremacism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aryanism" title="Aryanism">Aryanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_supremacy" title="Black supremacy">Black</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hutu_Power" title="Hutu Power">Hutu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chauvinism" title="Chauvinism">Chauvinism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Han_chauvinism" title="Han chauvinism">Han</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matriarchy" title="Matriarchy">Female</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthropocentrism" title="Anthropocentrism">Human</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordicism" title="Nordicism">Nordicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriarchy" title="Patriarchy">Male</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_supremacy" title="Jewish supremacy">Jewish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultranationalism" title="Ultranationalism">Ultranationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_supremacy" title="White supremacy">White</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transphobia" title="Transphobia">Transphobia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_non-binary_people" title="Discrimination against non-binary people">Non-binary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transmisogyny" title="Transmisogyny">Transmisogyny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_transgender_men" title="Discrimination against transgender men">Trans men</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegaphobia" title="Vegaphobia">Vegaphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenophobia" title="Xenophobia">Xenophobia</a></li></ul></div></div> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;background:#ffdd99;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;font-size:110%;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Religious_discrimination" title="Religious discrimination">Religious</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_atheists" title="Discrimination against atheists">Atheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antireligious_campaigns_in_China" title="Antireligious campaigns in China">Campaigns in China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exclusivism#Religious_exclusivism" title="Exclusivism">Exclusivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%ADs" title="Persecution of Baháʼís">Baháʼí Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Buddhists" title="Persecution of Buddhists">Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Christian_sentiment" title="Anti-Christian sentiment">Christianity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians" title="Persecution of Christians">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Catholicism" title="Anti-Catholicism">Catholicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Eastern_Orthodox_Christians" title="Persecution of Eastern Orthodox Christians">Eastern Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Copts" title="Persecution of Copts">Coptic Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Persecution of Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Mormonism" title="Anti-Mormonism">LDS or Mormon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Protestantism" title="Anti-Protestantism">Protestantism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Orthodox_Tewahedo_Christianity" title="Persecution of Orthodox Tewahedo Christianity">Tewahedo Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians_in_the_post%E2%80%93Cold_War_era" title="Persecution of Christians in the post–Cold War era">post–Cold War era</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Falun_Gong" title="Persecution of Falun Gong">Falun Gong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Hindu_sentiment" title="Anti-Hindu sentiment">Hinduism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Hindus" title="Persecution of Hindus">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Untouchability" title="Untouchability">Untouchability</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamophobia" title="Islamophobia">Islam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_religious_police" title="Islamic religious police">Religious police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostasy_in_Islam#Punishment" title="Apostasy in Islam">Punishment of apostasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Muslims" title="Persecution of Muslims">Persecution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Ahmadis" title="Persecution of Ahmadis">Ahmadiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Shi%27ism" title="Anti-Shi'ism">Shi'ism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Sufis" title="Persecution of Sufis">Sufism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Sunnism" title="Anti-Sunnism">Sunnism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_minority_Muslim_groups" title="Persecution of minority Muslim groups">minority Muslim</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_antisemitism" title="Religious antisemitism">Judaism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Jews" title="Persecution of Jews">Persecution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_discrimination_against_modern_pagans" title="Religious discrimination against modern pagans">Neopaganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Rastafari" title="Persecution of Rastafari">Rastafari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Sikh_sentiment" title="Anti-Sikh sentiment">Sikhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Yazidis" title="Persecution of Yazidis">Yazidism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Zoroastrians" title="Persecution of Zoroastrians">Zoroastrianism</a></li></ul></div></div> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;background:#ffdd99;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;font-size:110%;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Racism" title="Racism">Race or ethnicity</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Afghan_sentiment" title="Anti-Afghan sentiment">Afghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-African_sentiment" title="Anti-African sentiment">African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Albanian_sentiment" title="Anti-Albanian sentiment">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Arab_racism" title="Anti-Arab racism">Arab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Armenian_sentiment" title="Anti-Armenian sentiment">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_against_Asians" title="Racism against Asians">Asian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Asian_racism_in_France" title="Anti-Asian racism in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Asian_racism_in_post-Apartheid_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Asian racism in post-Apartheid South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Asian_racism_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Asian racism in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Assyrian_sentiment" title="Anti-Assyrian sentiment">Assyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Australian_sentiment" title="Anti-Australian sentiment">Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Austrian_sentiment" title="Anti-Austrian sentiment">Austrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Azerbaijani_sentiment" title="Anti-Azerbaijani sentiment">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Black_racism" title="Anti-Black racism">Black people</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Racism_against_African_Americans" title="Racism against African Americans">African Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-black_discrimination_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-black discrimination in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-black_racism_in_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-black racism in South Africa">South Africa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Bengali_sentiment" title="Anti-Bengali sentiment">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_for_the_Protection_of_Macedonian_National_Honor" class="mw-redirect" title="Law for the Protection of Macedonian National Honor">Bulgarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Catalan_sentiment" title="Anti-Catalan sentiment">Catalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Chechen_sentiment" title="Anti-Chechen sentiment">Chechen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Chinese_sentiment" title="Anti-Chinese sentiment">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Han_sentiment" title="Anti-Han sentiment">Han people</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Colombian_sentiment" title="Anti-Colombian sentiment">Colombian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Croat_sentiment" title="Anti-Croat sentiment">Croat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Dutch_sentiment" title="Anti-Dutch sentiment">Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-English_sentiment" title="Anti-English sentiment">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Estonian_sentiment" title="Anti-Estonian sentiment">Estonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Filipino_sentiment" title="Anti-Filipino sentiment">Filipino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-French_sentiment" title="Anti-French sentiment">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Fulani_sentiment" title="Anti-Fulani sentiment">Fulani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Finnish_sentiment" title="Anti-Finnish sentiment">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Georgian_sentiment" title="Anti-Georgian sentiment">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-German_sentiment" title="Anti-German sentiment">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Greek_sentiment" title="Anti-Greek sentiment">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antihaitianismo" class="mw-redirect" title="Antihaitianismo">Haitian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Hazaras" title="Persecution of Hazaras">Hazara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Hungarian_sentiment" title="Anti-Hungarian sentiment">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Igbo_sentiment" title="Anti-Igbo sentiment">Igbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Indian_sentiment" title="Anti-Indian sentiment">Indian</a></li> <li>Indigenous people <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-indigenous_racism_in_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-indigenous racism in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-indigenous_racism_in_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-indigenous racism in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-indigenous_racism_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-indigenous racism in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Iranian_sentiment" title="Anti-Iranian sentiment">Iranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Irish_sentiment" title="Anti-Irish sentiment">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Italianism" title="Anti-Italianism">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Japanese_sentiment" title="Anti-Japanese sentiment">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">Jewish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eliminationist_antisemitism" title="Eliminationist antisemitism">Eliminationist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_antisemitism" title="New antisemitism">New</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_antisemitism" title="Religious antisemitism">Religious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Yiddish_sentiment" title="Anti-Yiddish sentiment">Anti-Yiddish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zionist_antisemitism" title="Zionist antisemitism">Zionist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Korean_sentiment" title="Anti-Korean sentiment">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Kurdish_sentiment" title="Anti-Kurdish sentiment">Kurdish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Lithuanian_sentiment" title="Anti-Lithuanian sentiment">Lithuanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Malay_sentiment" title="Anti-Malay sentiment">Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-M%C4%81ori_sentiment" title="Anti-Māori sentiment">Māori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Mexican_sentiment" title="Anti-Mexican sentiment">Mexican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti%E2%80%93Middle_Eastern_sentiment" title="Anti–Middle Eastern sentiment">Middle Eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Mongolianism" title="Anti-Mongolianism">Mongolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Montenegrin_sentiment" title="Anti-Montenegrin sentiment">Montenegrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Nigerian_sentiment" title="Anti-Nigerian sentiment">Nigerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Pakistan_sentiment" title="Anti-Pakistan sentiment">Pakistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Palestinianism" title="Anti-Palestinianism">Palestinians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Pashtun_sentiment" title="Anti-Pashtun sentiment">Pashtun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Polish_sentiment" title="Anti-Polish sentiment">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lusophobia" title="Lusophobia">Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Quebec_sentiment" title="Anti-Quebec sentiment">Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Romani_sentiment" title="Anti-Romani sentiment">Romani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Romanian_sentiment" title="Anti-Romanian sentiment">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Russian_sentiment" title="Anti-Russian sentiment">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Scottish_sentiment" title="Anti-Scottish sentiment">Scottish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Serb_sentiment" title="Anti-Serb sentiment">Serb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Slavic_sentiment" title="Anti-Slavic sentiment">Slavic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Somali_sentiment" title="Anti-Somali sentiment">Somali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Spanish_sentiment" title="Anti-Spanish sentiment">Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Taiwanese_sentiment" title="Anti-Taiwanese sentiment">Taiwanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatarophobia" title="Tatarophobia">Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Thai_sentiment" title="Anti-Thai sentiment">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Tibetan_sentiment" title="Anti-Tibetan sentiment">Tibetan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Turkish_sentiment" title="Anti-Turkish sentiment">Turkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Ukrainian_sentiment" title="Anti-Ukrainian sentiment">Ukrainian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Uyghur_sentiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Uyghur sentiment">Uyghur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_incidents_of_xenophobia_during_the_Venezuelan_refugee_crisis" title="List of incidents of xenophobia during the Venezuelan refugee crisis">Venezuelan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Vietnamese_sentiment" title="Anti-Vietnamese sentiment">Vietnamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Welsh_sentiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Welsh sentiment">Welsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-white_racism" title="Anti-white racism">White people</a></li></ul></div></div> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;background:#ffdd99;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;font-size:110%;;color: var(--color-base)">Manifestations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algorithmic_bias" title="Algorithmic bias">Algorithmic bias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-LGBTQ_rhetoric" title="Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric">Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_organizations_designated_by_the_Southern_Poverty_Law_Center_as_anti-LGBTQ_hate_groups" title="List of organizations designated by the Southern Poverty Law Center as anti-LGBTQ hate groups">SPLC-designated list of anti-LGBTQ hate groups</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_libel" title="Blood libel">Blood libel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bullying" title="Bullying">Bullying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cancel_culture" title="Cancel culture">Cancel culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_for_homosexuality" title="Capital punishment for homosexuality">Capital punishment for homosexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnism" title="Carnism">Carnism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cognitive_bias" title="Cognitive bias">Cognitive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compulsory_sterilization" title="Compulsory sterilization">Compulsory sterilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrective_rape" title="Corrective rape">Corrective rape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-jihad" title="Counter-jihad">Counter-jihad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_genocide" title="Cultural genocide">Cultural genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defamation" title="Defamation">Defamation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democide" title="Democide">Democide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dog_whistle_(politics)" title="Dog whistle (politics)">Dog whistle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domicide" title="Domicide">Domicide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_discrimination" title="Economic discrimination">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_in_education" title="Discrimination in education">Education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academic_bias" title="Academic bias">Academic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bias_in_curricula" title="Bias in curricula">In curricula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexism_in_academia" title="Sexism in academia">Sexism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliminationism" title="Eliminationism">Eliminationism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eliminationist_antisemitism" title="Eliminationist antisemitism">Eliminationist antisemitism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Employment_discrimination" title="Employment discrimination">Employment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enemy_of_the_people" title="Enemy of the people">Enemy of the people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_racism" title="Environmental racism">Environmental racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_cleansing" title="Ethnic cleansing">Ethnic cleansing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_conflict" title="Ethnic conflict">Ethnic conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_hatred" title="Ethnic hatred">Ethnic hatred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_joke" title="Ethnic joke">Ethnic joke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnocide" title="Ethnocide">Ethnocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_of_excellence" title="Discrimination of excellence">Excellence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender-based_dress_codes" title="Gender-based dress codes">Gender-based dress codes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cosmetics_policy" title="Cosmetics policy">Cosmetics policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_heel_policy" title="High heel policy">High heel policy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forced_conversion" title="Forced conversion">Forced conversion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freak_show" title="Freak show">Freak show</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funding_bias" title="Funding bias">Funding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gay_bashing" title="Gay bashing">Gay bashing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gendercide" title="Gendercide">Gendercide</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_genocide" title="Transgender genocide">Transgender genocide</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genital_modification_and_mutilation" title="Genital modification and mutilation">Genital modification and mutilation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Circumcision" title="Circumcision">Circumcision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Female_genital_mutilation" title="Female genital mutilation">Female genital mutilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_medical_interventions" title="Intersex medical interventions">Intersex medical interventions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genocide" title="Genocide">Genocide</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genocides_in_history" title="Genocides in history">examples</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass_ceiling" title="Glass ceiling">Glass ceiling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hate_crime" title="Hate crime">Hate crime</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disability_hate_crime" title="Disability hate crime">Disability hate crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violence_against_LGBTQ_people" title="Violence against LGBTQ people">Violence against LGBTQ people</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Violence_against_transgender_people" title="Violence against transgender people">Violence against transgender people</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hate_group" title="Hate group">Hate group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hate_speech" title="Hate speech">Hate speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institution" title="Institution">Institutional</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Institutional_abuse" title="Institutional abuse">Abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institutional_discrimination" title="Institutional discrimination">Discrimination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institutional_racism" title="Institutional racism">Racism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patient_dumping" title="Patient dumping">Homeless dumping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_discrimination" title="Housing discrimination">Housing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypergamy" title="Hypergamy">Hypergamy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Age_disparity_in_sexual_relationships" title="Age disparity in sexual relationships">Age disparity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_rolling" title="Indian rolling">Indian rolling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_inequality" title="International inequality">International inequality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kill_Haole_Day" title="Kill Haole Day">Kill Haole Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavender_scare" class="mw-redirect" title="Lavender scare">Lavender scare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_LGBTQ%2B_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Discrimination against LGBTQ+ people">LGBTQ+</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_grooming_conspiracy_theory" title="LGBTQ grooming conspiracy theory">grooming conspiracy theory</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Language_death" title="Language death">Linguicide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching" title="Lynching">Lynching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_bias" title="Media bias">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minority_stress" title="Minority stress">Minority stress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moral_exclusion" title="Moral exclusion">Moral exclusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortgage_discrimination" title="Mortgage discrimination">Mortgage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stop_Murder_Music" title="Stop Murder Music">Murder music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_mascot_controversy" title="Native American mascot controversy">Native American mascots</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlanta_Braves_tomahawk_chop_and_name_controversy" title="Atlanta Braves tomahawk chop and name controversy">Braves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Blackhawks_name_and_logo_controversy" title="Chicago Blackhawks name and logo controversy">Blackhawks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_City_Chiefs_name_controversy" title="Kansas City Chiefs name controversy">Chiefs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Work_(human_activity)" title="Work (human activity)">Occupational</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_apartheid" title="Occupational apartheid">Apartheid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_inequality" title="Occupational inequality">Inequality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_injustice" title="Occupational injustice">Injustice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_segregation" title="Occupational segregation">Segregation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_immigration" title="Opposition to immigration">Opposition to immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_genocide" title="Paper genocide">Paper genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution" title="Persecution">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom">Pogrom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_bias" title="Political bias">Political</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_repression" title="Political repression">Political repression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ideological_repression" title="Ideological repression">Ideological repression</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purge" title="Purge">Purge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racialization" title="Racialization">Racialization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_persecution" title="Religious persecution">Religious persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_terrorism" title="Religious terrorism">Religious terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_violence" title="Religious violence">Religious violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_war" title="Religious war">Religious war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scapegoating" title="Scapegoating">Scapegoating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Segregation_academy" title="Segregation academy">Segregation academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selective_prosecution" title="Selective prosecution">Selective prosecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sentencing_disparity" title="Sentencing disparity">Sentencing disparity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_harassment" title="Sexual harassment">Sexual harassment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex-selective_abortion" title="Sex-selective abortion">Sex-selective abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slut-shaming" title="Slut-shaming">Slut-shaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structural_abuse" title="Structural abuse">Structural abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structural_discrimination" title="Structural discrimination">Structural discrimination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structural_evil" title="Structural evil">Structural evil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structural_inequality" title="Structural inequality">Structural inequality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structural_violence" title="Structural violence">Structural violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_differences_in_suicide" title="Gender differences in suicide">Suicide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Untermensch" title="Untermensch">Untermensch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violence_against_transgender_people" title="Violence against transgender people">Trans bashing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victimisation" title="Victimisation">Victimisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violence_against_women" title="Violence against women">Violence against women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_flight" title="White flight">White flight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_genocide_conspiracy_theory" title="White genocide conspiracy theory">White genocide conspiracy theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wife_selling" title="Wife selling">Wife selling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witch_hunt" title="Witch hunt">Witch hunt</a></li></ul></div></div> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;background:#ffdd99;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;font-size:110%;;color: var(--color-base)">Policies</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algorithmic_wage_discrimination" title="Algorithmic wage discrimination">Algorithmic wage discrimination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_candidacy" title="Age of candidacy">Age of candidacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limpieza_de_sangre" title="Limpieza de sangre">Blood purity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_quantum_laws" title="Blood quantum laws">Blood quantum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breadwinner_model" title="Breadwinner model">Breadwinner model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_and_sexism" title="Conscription and sexism">Conscription and sexism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_of_apartheid" title="Crime of apartheid">Crime of apartheid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disability" title="Disability">Disabilities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disabilities_(Catholics)" title="Disabilities (Catholics)">Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_disabilities" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish disabilities">Jewish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disparate_impact" title="Disparate impact">Disparate impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fagging" title="Fagging">Fagging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_pay_gap" title="Gender pay gap">Gender pay gap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_role" title="Gender role">Gender roles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protecting_Women%27s_Private_Spaces_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Protecting Women's Private Spaces Act">Protecting Women's Private Spaces Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerontocracy" title="Gerontocracy">Gerontocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerrymandering" title="Gerrymandering">Gerrymandering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghetto_benches" title="Ghetto benches">Ghetto benches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internment" title="Internment">Internment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_quota" title="Jewish quota">Jewish quota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_for_Protection_of_the_Nation" title="Law for Protection of the Nation">Law for Protection of the Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_opposition" title="LGBTQ rights opposition">LGBTQ rights opposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_donation_restrictions_on_men_who_have_sex_with_men" title="Blood donation restrictions on men who have sex with men">MSM blood donation restrictions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_kid_zone" title="No kid zone">No kid zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numerus_clausus" title="Numerus clausus"><i>Numerus clausus</i> (as religious or racial quota)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-drop_rule" title="One-drop rule">One-drop rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_quota" title="Racial quota">Racial quota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_segregation" title="Racial segregation">Racial segregation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Crow_laws" title="Jim Crow laws">Jim Crow laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_Laws" title="Nuremberg Laws">Nuremberg Laws</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_steering" title="Racial steering">Racial steering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redlining" title="Redlining">Redlining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage" title="Same-sex marriage">Same-sex marriage (laws and issues prohibiting)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geographical_segregation" title="Geographical segregation">Segregation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Age_segregation" title="Age segregation">age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_segregation" title="Racial segregation">racial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_segregation" title="Religious segregation">religious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_segregation" title="Sex segregation">sexual</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_exclusion" title="Social exclusion">Social exclusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodomy_law" title="Sodomy law">Sodomy law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_atheism" title="State atheism">State atheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_religion" title="State religion">State religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugly_law" title="Ugly law">Ugly law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voter_suppression" title="Voter suppression">Voter suppression</a></li></ul></div></div> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;background:#ffdd99;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;font-size:110%;;color: var(--color-base)">Countermeasures</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affirmative_action" title="Affirmative action">Affirmative action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-discrimination_law" title="Anti-discrimination law">Anti-discrimination law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-racism" title="Anti-racism">Anti-racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audit_study" title="Audit study">Audit study</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autism_rights_movement" title="Autism rights movement">Autism rights movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blind_audition" title="Blind audition">Blind audition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_colorblindness" title="Constitutional colorblindness">Constitutional colorblindness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_assimilation" title="Cultural assimilation">Cultural assimilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_pluralism" title="Cultural pluralism">Cultural pluralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diversity,_equity,_and_inclusion" title="Diversity, equity, and inclusion">Diversity, equity, and inclusion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diversity_training" title="Diversity training">Diversity training</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empowerment" title="Empowerment">Empowerment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fat_acceptance_movement" title="Fat acceptance movement">Fat acceptance movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism" title="Feminism">Feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fighting_Discrimination" title="Fighting Discrimination">Fighting Discrimination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Rule" title="Golden Rule">Golden Rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hate_speech_laws_by_country" title="Hate speech laws by country">Hate speech laws by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights" title="Human rights">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_human_rights" title="Intersex human rights">Intersex human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korenizatsiia" title="Korenizatsiia">Korenizatsiia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_by_country_or_territory" title="LGBTQ rights by country or territory">LGBTQ rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_in_the_movement_against_apartheid" title="Music in the movement against apartheid">Music in the movement against apartheid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonviolence" title="Nonviolence">Nonviolence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_integration" title="Racial integration">Racial integration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reappropriation" title="Reappropriation">Reappropriation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_Against_Sexism" title="Rock Against Sexism">Rock Against Sexism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-determination" title="Self-determination">Self-determination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_integration" title="Social integration">Social integration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toleration" title="Toleration">Toleration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_rights_movement" title="Transgender rights movement">Transgender rights movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_suffrage" title="Universal suffrage">Universal suffrage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_rights" title="Women's rights">Women's rights</a></li></ul></div></div> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;background:#ffdd99;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;font-size:110%;;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allophilia" title="Allophilia">Allophilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alterity" title="Alterity">Alterity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amatonormativity" title="Amatonormativity">Amatonormativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bias" title="Bias">Bias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisnormativity" title="Cisnormativity">Cisnormativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_liberties" title="Civil liberties">Civil liberties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criminalization_of_homosexuality" title="Criminalization of homosexuality">Criminalization of homosexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehumanization" title="Dehumanization">Dehumanization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diseases_of_despair" class="mw-redirect" title="Diseases of despair">Diseases of despair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diversity_(politics)" title="Diversity (politics)">Diversity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Multiculturalism" title="Multiculturalism">Multiculturalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurodiversity" title="Neurodiversity">Neurodiversity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_penalty" title="Ethnic penalty">Ethnic penalty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Figleaf_(linguistics)" title="Figleaf (linguistics)">Figleaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender-blind" title="Gender-blind">Gender-blind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heteronormativity" title="Heteronormativity">Heteronormativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_eugenics" title="History of eugenics">Historical eugenics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internalized_oppression" title="Internalized oppression">Internalized oppression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersectionality" title="Intersectionality">Intersectionality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mad_pride" title="Mad pride">Mad pride</a></li> <li>Masculism</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_model_of_disability" title="Medical model of disability">Medical model of disability</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medical_model_of_autism" class="mw-redirect" title="Medical model of autism">autism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Net_bias" title="Net bias">Net bias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonperson_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Nonperson (disambiguation)">Nonperson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oikophobia" title="Oikophobia">Oikophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oppression" title="Oppression">Oppression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_brutality" title="Police brutality">Police brutality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Respect" title="Respect">Respect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyculturalism" title="Polyculturalism">Polyculturalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_distance" title="Power distance">Power distance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prejudice" title="Prejudice">Prejudice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prisoner_abuse" title="Prisoner abuse">Prisoner abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_bias_in_criminal_news_in_the_United_States" title="Racial bias in criminal news in the United States">Racial bias in criminal news in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_by_country" title="Racism by country">Racism by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_color_blindness" title="Racial color blindness">Racial color blindness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_intolerance" title="Religious intolerance">Religious intolerance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reverse_discrimination" title="Reverse discrimination">Reverse discrimination</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reverse_racism" title="Reverse racism">Reverse racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reverse_sexism" title="Reverse sexism">Reverse sexism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second-generation_gender_bias" title="Second-generation gender bias">Second-generation gender bias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snob" title="Snob">Snobbery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_equity" title="Social equity">Social equity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_exclusion" title="Social exclusion">Social exclusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_identity_threat" title="Social identity threat">Social identity threat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_model_of_disability" title="Social model of disability">Social model of disability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_privilege" title="Social privilege">Social privilege</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_privilege" title="Christian privilege">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Male_privilege" title="Male privilege">male</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_privilege" title="White privilege">white</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_stigma" title="Social stigma">Social stigma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speciesism" title="Speciesism">Speciesism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stereotype" title="Stereotype">Stereotype</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stereotype_threat" title="Stereotype threat">threat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_talk_(racism_in_the_United_States)" title="The talk (racism in the United States)">The talk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionism</a></li></ul></div></div> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Discrimination_sidebar" title="Template:Discrimination sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Discrimination_sidebar" class="mw-redirect" title="Template talk:Discrimination sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Discrimination_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Discrimination sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Masculism</b> or <b>masculinism</b><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> may variously refer to ideologies and socio-political movements that seek to eliminate <a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_men" title="Discrimination against men">discrimination against men</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Chandler_2011_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chandler_2011-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Young_1994_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Young_1994-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or increase adherence to or promotion of <a href="/wiki/Masculinity" title="Masculinity">attributes regarded as typical</a> of males.<sup id="cite_ref-Bunnin_2008_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bunnin_2008-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Christensen_2005_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Christensen_2005-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Young_1994_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Young_1994-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The terms may also refer to the <a href="/wiki/Men%27s_rights_movement" title="Men's rights movement">men's rights movement</a> or <a href="/wiki/Men%27s_movement" title="Men's movement">men's movement</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as a type of <a href="/wiki/Antifeminism" title="Antifeminism">antifeminism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-OED_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OED-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-beck_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-beck-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Terminology">Terminology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Masculism&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Terminology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_history">Early history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Masculism&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the historian Judith Allen, <a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Perkins_Gilman" title="Charlotte Perkins Gilman">Charlotte Perkins Gilman</a> invented the term <i>masculism</i> in 1914,<sup id="cite_ref-Allen_2009_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Allen_2009-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> when she gave a public lecture series in New York entitled "Studies in Masculism". Allen writes that Gilman used <i>masculism</i> to refer to the opposition of <a href="/wiki/Misogyny" title="Misogyny">misogynist</a> men to women's rights and, more broadly, to describe "men's collective political and cultural actions on behalf of their own sex",<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAllen2009152_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllen2009152-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or what Allen calls the "sexual politics of <a href="/wiki/Androcentrism" title="Androcentrism">androcentric</a> cultural discourses".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAllen2009353_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllen2009353-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gilman referred to men and women who opposed <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage" title="Women's suffrage">women's suffrage</a> as masculists—women who collaborated with these men were "Women Who Won't Move Forward"<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAllen2009136–137_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllen2009136–137-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>—and described <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> as "masculism at its worst".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAllen2009127_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllen2009127-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Definition_and_scope">Definition and scope</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Masculism&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Definition and scope"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>A Dictionary of Media and Communication</i> (2011) defines <i>masculinism</i> (or <i>masculism</i>) as "[a] male counterpart to feminism. [...] Like feminism, masculism reflects a number of positions, from the desire for equal rights for men (for example, in cases of child access after divorce), to more militant calls for the total abolition of women's rights."<sup id="cite_ref-Chandler_2011_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chandler_2011-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Susan Whitlow in <i>The Encyclopedia of Literary and Cultural Theory</i> (2011), the terms are "used interchangeably across disciplines".<sup id="cite_ref-Whitlow_2010_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Whitlow_2010-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sociologist Robert Menzies wrote in 2007 that both terms are common in <a href="/wiki/Men%27s_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Men's rights">men's rights</a> and <a href="/wiki/Antifeminism" title="Antifeminism">anti-feminist</a> literature: "The intrepid virtual adventurer who boldly goes into these unabashedly mascul(in)ist spaces is quickly rewarded with a torrent of diatribes, invectives, atrocity tales, claims to entitlement, calls to arms, and prescriptions for change in the service of men, children, families, God, the past, the future, the nation, the planet, and all other things non-feminist."<sup id="cite_ref-Menzies_2007_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Menzies_2007-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The gender-studies scholar <a href="/wiki/Julia_T._Wood" title="Julia T. Wood">Julia Wood</a> describes <i>masculinism</i> as an ideology asserting that women and men should have different roles and rights owing to fundamental differences between them, and that men suffer from discrimination and "need to reclaim their rightful status as men".<sup id="cite_ref-Wood_2014_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wood_2014-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sociologists Arthur Brittan and Satoshi Ikeda describe masculinism as an ideology justifying male domination in society.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ikeda_2007_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ikeda_2007-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Masculinism, according to Brittan, maintains that there is "a fundamental difference" between men and women and rejects feminist arguments that male–female relationships are political constructs.<sup id="cite_ref-Brittan_1989_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brittan_1989-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Reddock_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reddock-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The political scientist Georgia Duerst-Lahti distinguishes between <i>masculism</i>, which expresses the <a href="/wiki/Ethos" title="Ethos">ethos</a> of the early gender-egalitarian <a href="/wiki/Men%27s_movement" title="Men's movement">men's movement</a>, and <i>masculinism</i>, which refers to the ideology of <a href="/wiki/Patriarchy" title="Patriarchy">patriarchy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Duerst-Lahti_2008_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Duerst-Lahti_2008-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sociologists Melissa Blais and Francis Dupuis-Déri describe masculism as a form of <a href="/wiki/Antifeminism" title="Antifeminism">antifeminism</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-Blais_2012_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blais_2012-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> they equate <i>masculist</i> and <i>masculinist</i>, attributing the former to author <a href="/wiki/Warren_Farrell" title="Warren Farrell">Warren Farrell</a>. The most common term, they argue, is the "men's movement"; they write that there is a growing consensus in the French-language media that the movement should be referred to as <i>masculiniste</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlaisDupuis-Déri201222–23_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlaisDupuis-Déri201222–23-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dupuis-Déri writes that members of the men's movement refer to themselves as both <i>masculinist</i> and <i>masculist</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Dupuis-Déri_2009_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dupuis-Déri_2009-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Whitlow, masculinist theory such as Farrell's and that of gender-studies scholar <a href="/wiki/R.W._Connell" class="mw-redirect" title="R.W. Connell">R.W. Connell</a> developed alongside <a href="/wiki/Third-wave_feminism" title="Third-wave feminism">third-wave feminism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Queer_theory" title="Queer theory">queer theory</a>, and was influenced by those theories' questioning of traditional <a href="/wiki/Gender_role" title="Gender role">gender roles</a> and the meaning of terms such as <i>man</i> and <i>woman</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Whitlow_2010_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Whitlow_2010-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ferrel Christensen, a Canadian philosopher and president of the former Alberta-based Movement for the Establishment of Real Gender Equality,<sup id="cite_ref-Menzies_2007_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Menzies_2007-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Thorne_2000_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thorne_2000-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> writes that "Defining 'masculism' is made difficult by the fact that the term has been used by very few people, and by hardly any philosophers." He differentiates between "progressive masculists", who welcome many of the societal changes promoted by feminists, while believing that some measures to reduce sexism against women have increased it against men, and an "extremist version" of masculism that promotes <a href="/wiki/Male_supremacy" class="mw-redirect" title="Male supremacy">male supremacy</a>. He argued that if masculism and feminism refer to the belief that men/women are systematically discriminated against, and that this discrimination should be eliminated, there is not necessarily a conflict between feminism and masculism, and some assert that they are both. However, many believe that one sex is more discriminated against, and thus use one label and reject the other.<sup id="cite_ref-Christensen_2005_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Christensen_2005-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to Bethany M. Coston and <a href="/wiki/Michael_Kimmel" title="Michael Kimmel">Michael Kimmel</a>, members of the <a href="/wiki/Mythopoetic_men%27s_movement" title="Mythopoetic men's movement">mythopoetic men's movement</a> identify as masculinist.<sup id="cite_ref--"Coston_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note--"Coston-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nicholas Davidson, in <i>The Failure of Feminism</i> (1988), calls <i>masculism</i> "virism": "Where the feminist perspective is that social ills are caused by the dominance of masculine values, the virist perspective is that they are caused by a decline of those values. ..."<sup id="cite_ref-Davidson_1988_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davidson_1988-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Christensen calls virism "an extreme brand of masculism and masculinism".<sup id="cite_ref-Christensen_2005_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Christensen_2005-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sociologist <a href="/wiki/Andreas_Kemper" title="Andreas Kemper">Andreas Kemper</a> describes masculism as a variation of masculinism whose goal is to oppose what its adherents see as female domination, making it fundamentally anti-feminist.<sup id="cite_ref-beck_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-beck-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Masculism is sometimes termed <b>meninism</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-telegraph_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-telegraph-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-metro_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-metro-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Areas_of_interest">Areas of interest</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Masculism&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Areas of interest"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education_and_employment">Education and employment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Masculism&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Education and employment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Sex_differences_in_education" title="Sex differences in education">Sex differences in education</a></div> <p>Many masculists oppose co-educational schooling, believing that single-sex schools better promote the well-being of boys.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlaisDupuis-Déri201223_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlaisDupuis-Déri201223-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Data from the U.S. in 1994 reported that men suffer 94% of workplace fatalities. Farrell has argued that men do a disproportionate share of dirty, physically demanding, and hazardous jobs.<sup id="cite_ref-Young_1994_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Young_1994-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Violence_and_suicide">Violence and suicide</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Masculism&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Violence and suicide"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Violence_against_men" title="Violence against men">Violence against men</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330" /><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="padding-bottom:0.25em;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Violence_against_men" title="Category:Violence against men">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Violence_against_men" title="Violence against men">Violence against men</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#aaddff; color:#000;"> Issues</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Domestic_violence" title="Domestic violence">Domestic violence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_domestic_violence" title="Outline of domestic violence">outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domestic_violence_against_men" title="Domestic violence against men">against men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Management_of_domestic_violence" title="Management of domestic violence">management</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genital_modification_and_mutilation" title="Genital modification and mutilation">Forced genital mutilation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Castration" title="Castration">Involuntary castration</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Male_expendability" title="Male expendability">Male expendability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malicious_castration" title="Malicious castration">Malicious castration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Penis_removal" title="Penis removal">Involuntary penis removal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shame-stroke" title="Shame-stroke">Shame-stroke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groom_kidnapping" title="Groom kidnapping">Groom kidnapping</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#aaddff; color:#000;"> Killing</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Androcide" title="Androcide">Androcide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patricide" title="Patricide">Patricide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariticide" title="Mariticide">Mariticide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fratricide" title="Fratricide">Fratricide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avunculicide" title="Avunculicide">Avunculicide</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#aaddff; color:#000;"> Sexual assault and rape</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rape" title="Rape">Rape</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prison_rape" title="Prison rape">Prison rape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statutory_rape" title="Statutory rape">Statutory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rape_of_males" title="Rape of males">Male rape</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_violence" title="Sexual violence">Sexual violence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Estimates_of_sexual_violence" title="Estimates of sexual violence">Estimates</a></li></ul></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#aaddff; color:#000;"> Related topics</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_men" title="Discrimination against men">Discrimination against men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reverse_sexism" title="Reverse sexism">Reverse sexism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prosecution_of_gender-targeted_crimes" title="Prosecution of gender-targeted crimes">Prosecution of gender-targeted crimes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Men%27s_rights_movement" title="Men's rights movement">Men's rights movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gynocentrism" title="Gynocentrism">Gynocentrism</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Violence_and_suicide">Masculist views on violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sentencing_disparity" title="Sentencing disparity">Sentencing disparity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violence_against_women" title="Violence against women">Violence against women</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Violence_against_men" title="Template:Violence against men"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Violence_against_men" title="Template talk:Violence against men"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Violence_against_men" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Violence against men"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Masculists cite higher rates of suicide in men than women.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlaisDupuis-Déri201223_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlaisDupuis-Déri201223-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Farrell expresses concern about violence against men being depicted as humorous, in the media and elsewhere.<sup id="cite_ref-Farrell_1993_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Farrell_1993-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Independent_sources" title="Wikipedia:Independent sources"><span title="This claim needs a reference to an independent source. (June 2022)">independent source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>They also express concern about violence against men being ignored or minimized in comparison to violence against women,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlaisDupuis-Déri201223_34-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlaisDupuis-Déri201223-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Mvulane_2008_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mvulane_2008-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> asserting gender symmetry in <a href="/wiki/Domestic_violence" title="Domestic violence">domestic violence</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlaisDupuis-Déri201223_34-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlaisDupuis-Déri201223-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another of Farrell's concerns is that traditional assumptions of female innocence or sympathy for women, termed <a href="/wiki/Benevolent_sexism" class="mw-redirect" title="Benevolent sexism">benevolent sexism</a>, do lead to unequal penalties for women and men who commit similar crimes,<sup id="cite_ref-Farrell_1993_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Farrell_1993-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 240–253">: 240–253 </span></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Independent_sources" title="Wikipedia:Independent sources"><span title="This claim needs a reference to an independent source. (June 2022)">independent source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> to lack of sympathy for male victims in <a href="/wiki/Domestic_violence" title="Domestic violence">domestic violence</a> cases when the perpetrator is female, and to dismissal of female-on-male <a href="/wiki/Sexual_assault" title="Sexual assault">sexual assault</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sexual_harassment" title="Sexual harassment">sexual harassment</a> cases.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gender_studies">Gender studies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Masculism&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Gender studies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Men%27s_studies" title="Men's studies">Men's studies</a> and <a href="/wiki/Black_male_studies" title="Black male studies">Black male studies</a></div> <p>A masculist approach to <a href="/wiki/Gender_studies" title="Gender studies">gender studies</a>, which have frequently focused on woman-based or feminist approaches, examines oppression within a masculinist, patriarchal society from a male standpoint.<sup id="cite_ref-Hoogensen_2006_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hoogensen_2006-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <i>A Dictionary of Media and Communication</i> (2011), "Masculists reject the idea of universal patriarchy, arguing that before feminism most men were as disempowered as most women. However, in the post-feminist era they argue that men are in a worse position because of the emphasis on women's rights."<sup id="cite_ref-Chandler_2011_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chandler_2011-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="South_African_masculinist_evangelical_movements">South African masculinist evangelical movements</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Masculism&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: South African masculinist evangelical movements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the wake of the abolition of <a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">apartheid</a>, South Africa saw a resurgence of masculinist <a href="/wiki/Evangelicalism" title="Evangelicalism">Christian evangelical</a> groups, led by the <a href="/wiki/Mighty_Men_Conference" title="Mighty Men Conference">Mighty Men Conference</a> (MMC) and the complementary <a href="/w/index.php?title=Worthy_Women_Conference&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Worthy Women Conference (page does not exist)">Worthy Women Conference</a> (WWC). The latter saw the development of what theologian <a href="/wiki/Sarojini_Nadar" title="Sarojini Nadar">Sarojini Nadar</a> and psychologist Cheryl Potgeier call <i>formenism</i>: "For<i>men</i>ism, like masculinism, subscribes to a belief in the inherent superiority of men over women (in other words, only men can be leaders), but unlike masculinism, it is not an ideology developed and sustained by men, but one constructed, endorsed and sustained by <i>women</i>" [emphasis in original].<sup id="cite_ref-Nadar_2010_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nadar_2010-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 143">: 143 </span></sup> The Mighty Men movement harkens back to the Victorian idea of <a href="/wiki/Muscular_Christianity" title="Muscular Christianity">Muscular Christianity</a>. Feminist scholars argue that the movement's lack of attention to women's rights and the struggle for racial equality makes it a threat to women and to the stability of the country.<sup id="cite_ref-Dube_2015_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dube_2015-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Dube_2016_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dube_2016-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Scholar Miranda Pillay argues that the Mighty Men movement's appeal lies in its resistance to gender equality as incompatible with Christian values, and in raising patriarchy to a "hyper-normative status", beyond challenge by other claims to power.<sup id="cite_ref-Pillay_2015_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pillay_2015-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Worthy Women Conference is an auxiliary to the MMC in advocating a belief in the inherent superiority of men over women.<sup id="cite_ref-Nadar_2010_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nadar_2010-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 142–143">: 142–143 </span></sup> Its leader, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gretha_Wiid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gretha Wiid (page does not exist)">Gretha Wiid</a>, blames South Africa's disorder on the liberation of women, and aims to restore the nation through its families, making women again subservient to men.<sup id="cite_ref-Nortjé-Meyer_2015_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nortjé-Meyer_2015-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her success is attributed to her balancing claims that God created the gender hierarchy, but that women are no less valuable than men,<sup id="cite_ref-Nortjé-Meyer_2011_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nortjé-Meyer_2011-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and that restoration of traditional gender roles relieves existential anxiety in post-apartheid South Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-Nadar_2010_38-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nadar_2010-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 148">: 148 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Masculism&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Identity_politics" title="Identity politics">Identity politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manosphere" title="Manosphere">Manosphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Men%27s_liberation" class="mw-redirect" title="Men's liberation">Men's liberation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Men%27s_movement" title="Men's movement">Men's movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Men%27s_studies" title="Men's studies">Men's studies</a></li></ul> </div> <dl><dt>Men's organizations</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Men%27s_Day" title="International Men's Day">International Men's Day</a> (19 November)</li></ul> <dl><dd><dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a> and <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Save_Indian_Family" class="mw-redirect" title="Save Indian Family">Save Indian Family</a></li></ul> <p>UK: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fathers_4_Justice" title="Fathers 4 Justice">Fathers 4 Justice</a></li></ul> <p>Canada: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Association_for_Equality" title="Canadian Association for Equality">Canadian Association for Equality</a></li></ul> <p>France: </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SOS_Papa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SOS Papa (page does not exist)">SOS Papa</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/SOS_Papa" class="extiw" title="fr:SOS Papa">fr</a>]</span></li></ul> <dl><dt>Notable people associated with masculism</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Bly" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert E. Bly">Robert E. Bly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Farrell" title="Warren Farrell">Warren Farrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esther_Vilar" title="Esther Vilar">Esther Vilar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Benatar" title="David Benatar">David Benatar</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Explanatory_notes">Explanatory notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Masculism&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Explanatory notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Some scholars treat the term masculinism as interchangeable with masculism,<sup id="cite_ref-Reddock_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reddock-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Whitlow_2010_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Whitlow_2010-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Menzies_2007_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Menzies_2007-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while others treat it as a subset or variation on it<sup id="cite_ref-beck_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-beck-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or as a separate topic.<sup id="cite_ref-Duerst-Lahti_2008_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Duerst-Lahti_2008-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Melissa Blais and <a href="/wiki/Francis_Dupuis-D%C3%A9ri" title="Francis Dupuis-Déri">Francis Dupuis-Déri</a> write: "In English, they [<i>masculinist</i> and <i>masculinism</i>] generally designate either a way of thinking whose referent is the masculine or simply a patriarchal ideology (Watson, 1996), rather than a component of the antifeminist social movement. In English, 'men's movement' is the most common term, though some, like Warren Farrell, use 'masculist' or the more restrictive 'fathers' rights movement'."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlaisDupuis-Déri201222–23_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlaisDupuis-Déri201222–23-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brittan calls masculinism "the ideology that justifies and naturalizes male domination ... the ideology of patriarchy".<sup id="cite_ref-Brittan_1989_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brittan_1989-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Masculism&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Reddock-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Reddock_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Reddock_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFReddock2003" class="citation journal cs1">Reddock, Rhoda (September 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/27865342">"Men as Gendered Beings: The Emergence of Masculinity Studies in the Anglophone Caribbean"</a>. <i>Social and Economic Studies</i>. <b>52</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">89–</span>117. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0037-7651">0037-7651</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/27865342">27865342</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Social+and+Economic+Studies&rft.atitle=Men+as+Gendered+Beings%3A+The+Emergence+of+Masculinity+Studies+in+the+Anglophone+Caribbean&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E89-%3C%2Fspan%3E117&rft.date=2003-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F27865342%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0037-7651&rft.aulast=Reddock&rft.aufirst=Rhoda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F27865342&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMasculism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Whitlow_2010-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Whitlow_2010_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Whitlow_2010_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Whitlow_2010_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWhitlow2011" class="citation book cs1">Whitlow, Susan (2011). "Gender and Cultural Studies". <i>The Encyclopedia of Literary and Cultural Theory, Volume 3</i>. Malden, Mass.: Wiley-Blackwell. pp. <span class="nowrap">1083–</span>91. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F9781444337839.wbelctv3g003">10.1002/9781444337839.wbelctv3g003</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-40-518312-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-40-518312-3"><bdi>978-1-40-518312-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Gender+and+Cultural+Studies&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Literary+and+Cultural+Theory%2C+Volume+3&rft.place=Malden%2C+Mass.&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1083-%3C%2Fspan%3E91&rft.pub=Wiley-Blackwell&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F9781444337839.wbelctv3g003&rft.isbn=978-1-40-518312-3&rft.aulast=Whitlow&rft.aufirst=Susan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMasculism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Menzies_2007-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Menzies_2007_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Menzies_2007_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Menzies_2007_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMenzies2007" class="citation book cs1">Menzies, Robert (2007). "Virtual Backlash: Representations of Men's 'Rights' and Feminist 'Wrongs' in Cyberspace". In Chunn, Dorothy E.; Boyd, Susan; Lessard, Hester (eds.). <i>Reaction and Resistance: Feminism, Law, and Social Change</i>. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press. p. 65; note 2, p. 91. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7748-4036-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7748-4036-1"><bdi>978-0-7748-4036-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Virtual+Backlash%3A+Representations+of+Men%27s+%27Rights%27+and+Feminist+%27Wrongs%27+in+Cyberspace&rft.btitle=Reaction+and+Resistance%3A+Feminism%2C+Law%2C+and+Social+Change&rft.place=Vancouver&rft.pages=p.+65%3B+note+2%2C+p.+91&rft.pub=University+of+British+Columbia+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-7748-4036-1&rft.aulast=Menzies&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMasculism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-beck-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-beck_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-beck_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-beck_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBeck2021" class="citation journal cs1">Beck, Dorothee (9 August 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://moving-the-social.ub.rub.de/index.php/MTS/article/view/9047">"A Bridge with Three Pillars: Soldierly Masculinity and Violence in Media Representation in Germany"</a>. <i>Moving the Social</i>. <b>65</b>: <span class="nowrap">17–</span>35. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.46586%2Fmts.65.2021.17-36">10.46586/mts.65.2021.17-36</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2197-0394">2197-0394</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Moving+the+Social&rft.atitle=A+Bridge+with+Three+Pillars%3A+Soldierly+Masculinity+and+Violence+in+Media+Representation+in+Germany&rft.volume=65&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E17-%3C%2Fspan%3E35&rft.date=2021-08-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.46586%2Fmts.65.2021.17-36&rft.issn=2197-0394&rft.aulast=Beck&rft.aufirst=Dorothee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmoving-the-social.ub.rub.de%2Findex.php%2FMTS%2Farticle%2Fview%2F9047&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMasculism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Duerst-Lahti_2008-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Duerst-Lahti_2008_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Duerst-Lahti_2008_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDuerst-Lahti2008" class="citation book cs1">Duerst-Lahti, Georgia (2008). "Gender Ideology: masculinism and femininalism". In Goertz, Gary; Mazur, Amy G. (eds.). <i>Politics, gender, and concepts: theory and methodology</i>. Cambridge University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">159–</span>192. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-72342-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-72342-8"><bdi>978-0-521-72342-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Gender+Ideology%3A+masculinism+and+femininalism&rft.btitle=Politics%2C+gender%2C+and+concepts%3A+theory+and+methodology&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E159-%3C%2Fspan%3E192&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-521-72342-8&rft.aulast=Duerst-Lahti&rft.aufirst=Georgia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMasculism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chandler_2011-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Chandler_2011_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chandler_2011_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chandler_2011_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChandlerMunday2011" class="citation book cs1">Chandler, Daniel; Munday, Rod (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803100138854">"masculinism (masculism)"</a>. <i>A Dictionary of Media and Communication</i> (1st ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 253. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Facref%2F9780199568758.001.0001">10.1093/acref/9780199568758.001.0001</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-1995-6875-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-1995-6875-8"><bdi>978-0-1995-6875-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL24851719M">24851719M</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=masculinism+%28masculism%29&rft.btitle=A+Dictionary+of+Media+and+Communication&rft.pages=253&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL24851719M%23id-name%3DOL&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Facref%2F9780199568758.001.0001&rft.isbn=978-0-1995-6875-8&rft.aulast=Chandler&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.au=Munday%2C+Rod&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordreference.com%2Fdisplay%2F10.1093%2Foi%2Fauthority.20110803100138854&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMasculism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Young_1994-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Young_1994_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Young_1994_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Young_1994_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCathy_Young1994" class="citation magazine cs1"><a href="/wiki/Cathy_Young" title="Cathy Young">Cathy Young</a> (July 1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://reason.com/archives/1994/07/01/man-troubles">"Man Troubles: Making Sense of the Men's Movement"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Reason_magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Reason magazine">Reason</a></i>. <q>Masculism (mas'kye liz*'em), n. 1. the belief that equality between the sexes requires the recognition and redress of prejudice and discrimination against men as well as women. 2. the movement organized around this belief.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reason&rft.atitle=Man+Troubles%3A+Making+Sense+of+the+Men%27s+Movement&rft.date=1994-07&rft.au=Cathy+Young&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Freason.com%2Farchives%2F1994%2F07%2F01%2Fman-troubles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMasculism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bunnin_2008-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bunnin_2008_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBunninYu2004" class="citation book cs1">Bunnin, Nicholas; Yu, Jiyuan (2004). <i>The Blackwell Dictionary of Western Philosophy</i>. Malden, Mass.: Blackwell Publishing. p. 411. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-4051-0679-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-4051-0679-4"><bdi>1-4051-0679-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Blackwell+Dictionary+of+Western+Philosophy&rft.place=Malden%2C+Mass.&rft.pages=411&rft.pub=Blackwell+Publishing&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=1-4051-0679-4&rft.aulast=Bunnin&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rft.au=Yu%2C+Jiyuan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMasculism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Christensen_2005-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Christensen_2005_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Christensen_2005_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Christensen_2005_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChristensen2005" class="citation book cs1">Christensen, Ferrell (2005). "Masculism". In <a href="/wiki/Ted_Honderich" title="Ted Honderich">Honderich, Ted</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Oxford_Companion_to_Philosophy" title="The Oxford Companion to Philosophy">The Oxford Companion to Philosophy</a></i> (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">562–</span>563. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-926479-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-926479-1"><bdi>0-19-926479-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/94-36914">94-36914</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Masculism&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Companion+to+Philosophy&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E562-%3C%2Fspan%3E563&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F94-36914&rft.isbn=0-19-926479-1&rft.aulast=Christensen&rft.aufirst=Ferrell&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMasculism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlaisDupuis-Déri201222–23-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlaisDupuis-Déri201222–23_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlaisDupuis-Déri201222–23_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBlaisDupuis-Déri2012">Blais & Dupuis-Déri 2012</a>, pp. 22–23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OED-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-OED_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFReference-OED-masculinism" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oed.com/search/dictionary/?q=masculinism">"masculinism"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a></i> (Online ed.). <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 February</span> 2024</span>. <q>Advocacy of the rights of men; adherence to or promotion of opinions, values, etc., regarded as typical of men; (more generally) anti-feminism, machismo.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=masculinism&rft.btitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft.edition=Online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oed.com%2Fsearch%2Fdictionary%2F%3Fq%3Dmasculinism&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMasculism" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oed.com/public/login/loggingin#withyourlibrary">participating institution membership</a> required.)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKim2023" class="citation book cs1">Kim, Jinsook (2023). "Wikiality Within the Manosphere: Namuwiki, Gender Equalism, and Antifeminist Disinformation in the Post-truth Era". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003388975-4/wikiality-within-manosphere-jinsook-kim"><i>Re-thinking Mediations of Post-truth Politics and Trust</i></a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9781003388975-4">10.4324/9781003388975-4</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-003-38897-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-003-38897-5"><bdi>978-1-003-38897-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Wikiality+Within+the+Manosphere%3A+Namuwiki%2C+Gender+Equalism%2C+and+Antifeminist+Disinformation+in+the+Post-truth+Era&rft.btitle=Re-thinking+Mediations+of+Post-truth+Politics+and+Trust&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2023&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4324%2F9781003388975-4&rft.isbn=978-1-003-38897-5&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=Jinsook&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.taylorfrancis.com%2Fchapters%2Fedit%2F10.4324%2F9781003388975-4%2Fwikiality-within-manosphere-jinsook-kim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMasculism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Allen_2009-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Allen_2009_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAllen2009" class="citation book cs1">Allen, Judith A. (2009). <i>The Feminism of Charlotte Perkins Gilman: Sexualities, Histories, Progressivism</i>. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 353.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Feminism+of+Charlotte+Perkins+Gilman%3A+Sexualities%2C+Histories%2C+Progressivism&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pages=353&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.aufirst=Judith+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMasculism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllen2009152-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAllen2009152_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAllen2009">Allen 2009</a>, p. 152.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllen2009353-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAllen2009353_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAllen2009">Allen 2009</a>, p. 353.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllen2009136–137-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAllen2009136–137_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAllen2009">Allen 2009</a>, pp. 136–137.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllen2009127-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAllen2009127_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAllen2009">Allen 2009</a>, p. 127.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wood_2014-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Wood_2014_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWood2014" class="citation book cs1">Wood, Julia T. (2014). <i>Gendered Lives: Communication, Gender, & Culture</i>. Stamford, Conn.: Cengage Learning. p. 89. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-28-507593-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-28-507593-8"><bdi>978-1-28-507593-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gendered+Lives%3A+Communication%2C+Gender%2C+%26+Culture&rft.place=Stamford%2C+Conn.&rft.pages=89&rft.pub=Cengage+Learning&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-28-507593-8&rft.aulast=Wood&rft.aufirst=Julia+T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMasculism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brittan_1989-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Brittan_1989_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brittan_1989_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBrittan1989" class="citation book cs1">Brittan, Arthur (1989). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/masculinitypower00arth/page/4/mode/1up?view=theater"><i>Masculinity and Power</i></a></span>. Oxford: Basil Blackwell. p. 4. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-631-14167-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-631-14167-7"><bdi>0-631-14167-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Masculinity+and+Power&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=4&rft.pub=Basil+Blackwell&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=0-631-14167-7&rft.aulast=Brittan&rft.aufirst=Arthur&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmasculinitypower00arth%2Fpage%2F4%2Fmode%2F1up%3Fview%3Dtheater&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMasculism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ikeda_2007-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ikeda_2007_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFIkeda2007" class="citation book cs1">Ikeda, Satoshi (2007). "Masculinity and masculinism under globalization: reflections on the Canadian case". In Griffin-Cohen, M.; Brodie, J. (eds.). <i>Remapping Gender in the New Global Order</i>. New York: Routledge. p. 112. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9780203099940-13">10.4324/9780203099940-13</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-1359-8897-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-1359-8897-5"><bdi>978-1-1359-8897-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Masculinity+and+masculinism+under+globalization%3A+reflections+on+the+Canadian+case&rft.btitle=Remapping+Gender+in+the+New+Global+Order&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=112&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4324%2F9780203099940-13&rft.isbn=978-1-1359-8897-5&rft.aulast=Ikeda&rft.aufirst=Satoshi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMasculism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Blais_2012-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Blais_2012_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBlaisDupuis-Déri2012" class="citation journal cs1">Blais, Melissa; Dupuis-Déri, Francis (January 2012). "Masculinism and the Antifeminist Countermovement". <i>Social Movement Studies</i>. <b>11</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">21–</span>39. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F14742837.2012.640532">10.1080/14742837.2012.640532</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144983000">144983000</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Social+Movement+Studies&rft.atitle=Masculinism+and+the+Antifeminist+Countermovement&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E21-%3C%2Fspan%3E39&rft.date=2012-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F14742837.2012.640532&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144983000%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Blais&rft.aufirst=Melissa&rft.au=Dupuis-D%C3%A9ri%2C+Francis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMasculism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dupuis-Déri_2009-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dupuis-Déri_2009_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDupuis-Déri2009" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Dupuis-Déri, Francis (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.7202%2F039213ar">"Le 'masculinisme': une histoire politique du mot (en Anglais et en Français)"</a> ['Masculinism': a political history of the term (in English and French)]. <i>Recherches Féministes</i> (in French). <b>22</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">97–</span>123. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.7202%2F039213ar">10.7202/039213ar</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Recherches+F%C3%A9ministes&rft.atitle=Le+%27masculinisme%27%3A+une+histoire+politique+du+mot+%28en+Anglais+et+en+Fran%C3%A7ais%29&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E97-%3C%2Fspan%3E123&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.7202%2F039213ar&rft.aulast=Dupuis-D%C3%A9ri&rft.aufirst=Francis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.7202%252F039213ar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMasculism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Thorne_2000-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Thorne_2000_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFThorne2000" class="citation news cs1">Thorne, Duncan (20 June 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fact.on.ca/news/news0006/ej000620.htm">"Gender bias in pamphlet, says human rights officer"</a>. <i>The Edmonton Journal</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20010228064228/https://www.fact.on.ca/news/news0006/ej000620.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 28 February 2001.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Edmonton+Journal&rft.atitle=Gender+bias+in+pamphlet%2C+says+human+rights+officer&rft.date=2000-06-20&rft.aulast=Thorne&rft.aufirst=Duncan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fact.on.ca%2Fnews%2Fnews0006%2Fej000620.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMasculism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note--"Coston-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref--"Coston_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCostonKimmel2013" class="citation journal cs1">Coston, Bethany M.; 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iol.co.za:80/index.php?click_id=13&art_id=vn20081125064002133C731559&set_id=">the original</a> on February 21, 2009 – via <a href="/wiki/Independent_Online_(South_Africa)" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent Online (South Africa)">IOL</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cape+Times&rft.atitle=Do+men+suffer+spousal+abuse%3F&rft.pages=12&rft.date=2008-11-25&rft.aulast=Mvulane&rft.aufirst=Zama&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iol.co.za%3A80%2Findex.php%3Fclick_id%3D13%26art_id%3Dvn20081125064002133C731559%26set_id%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMasculism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hoogensen_2006-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hoogensen_2006_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHoogensenSolheim2006" class="citation book cs1">Hoogensen, Gunhild; Solheim, Bruce O. (2006). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/womeninpowerworl0000hoog/page/21/mode/1up?view=theater">"Women in Theory and Practice"</a></span>. <i>Women in Power: World Leaders Since 1960</i>. Praeger Publishers. p. 21. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-275-98190-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-275-98190-8"><bdi>0-275-98190-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/2006015398">2006015398</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Women+in+Theory+and+Practice&rft.btitle=Women+in+Power%3A+World+Leaders+Since+1960&rft.pages=21&rft.pub=Praeger+Publishers&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F2006015398&rft.isbn=0-275-98190-8&rft.aulast=Hoogensen&rft.aufirst=Gunhild&rft.au=Solheim%2C+Bruce+O.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwomeninpowerworl0000hoog%2Fpage%2F21%2Fmode%2F1up%3Fview%3Dtheater&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMasculism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nadar_2010-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nadar_2010_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nadar_2010_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nadar_2010_38-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNadarPotgieter2010" class="citation journal cs1">Nadar, Sarojini; Potgieter, Cheryl (Fall 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/329208749">"Liberated through submission?: The Worthy Woman's Conference as a case study of for<i>men</i>ism"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Journal of Feminist Studies in Religion</i>. <b>26</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">141–</span>151. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2979%2Ffsr.2010.26.2.141">10.2979/fsr.2010.26.2.141</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2979/fsr.2010.26.2.141">10.2979/fsr.2010.26.2.141</a> – via ResearchGate.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Feminist+Studies+in+Religion&rft.atitle=Liberated+through+submission%3F%3A+The+Worthy+Woman%27s+Conference+as+a+case+study+of+formenism&rft.ssn=fall&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E141-%3C%2Fspan%3E151&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2979%2Ffsr.2010.26.2.141&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F10.2979%2Ffsr.2010.26.2.141%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Nadar&rft.aufirst=Sarojini&rft.au=Potgieter%2C+Cheryl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F329208749&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMasculism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dube_2015-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dube_2015_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDube2015" class="citation journal cs1">Dube, Siphiwe (July 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hts.org.za/index.php/HTS/article/view/2945/html">"Muscular Christianity in contemporary South Africa: The case of the Mighty Men Conference"</a>. <i>HTS Theological Studies/Teologiese Studies</i>. <b>71</b> (3). AOSIS OpenJournals: <span class="nowrap">1–</span>9.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=HTS+Theological+Studies%2FTeologiese+Studies&rft.atitle=Muscular+Christianity+in+contemporary+South+Africa%3A+The+case+of+the+Mighty+Men+Conference&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E9&rft.date=2015-07&rft.aulast=Dube&rft.aufirst=Siphiwe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhts.org.za%2Findex.php%2FHTS%2Farticle%2Fview%2F2945%2Fhtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMasculism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dube_2016-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dube_2016_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDube2016" class="citation journal cs1">Dube, Siphiwe (November 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hts.org.za/index.php/HTS/article/view/3476/html">"Race, whiteness and transformation in the Promise Keepers America and the Mighty Men Conference: A comparative analysis"</a>. <i>HTS Theological Studies/Teologiese Studies</i>. <b>72</b> (1). AOSIS OpenJournals: <span class="nowrap">1–</span>8.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=HTS+Theological+Studies%2FTeologiese+Studies&rft.atitle=Race%2C+whiteness+and+transformation+in+the+Promise+Keepers+America+and+the+Mighty+Men+Conference%3A+A+comparative+analysis&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E8&rft.date=2016-11&rft.aulast=Dube&rft.aufirst=Siphiwe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hts.org.za%2Findex.php%2FHTS%2Farticle%2Fview%2F3476%2Fhtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMasculism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pillay_2015-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pillay_2015_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPillay,_Miranda2015" class="citation book cs1">Pillay, Miranda (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yMTSCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA61">"Mighty Men, Mighty Families: A pro-family Christian movement to (re)enforce patriarchal control?"</a>. In Conradie, Ernst M.; Pillay, Miranda (eds.). <i>Ecclesial reform and deform movements in the South African context</i>. Stellenbosch, South Africa: Sun Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">61–</span>77. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-920689-76-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-920689-76-6"><bdi>978-1-920689-76-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Mighty+Men%2C+Mighty+Families%3A+A+pro-family+Christian+movement+to+%28re%29enforce+patriarchal+control%3F&rft.btitle=Ecclesial+reform+and+deform+movements+in+the+South+African+context&rft.place=Stellenbosch%2C+South+Africa&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E61-%3C%2Fspan%3E77&rft.pub=Sun+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-920689-76-6&rft.au=Pillay%2C+Miranda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyMTSCQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA61&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMasculism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nortjé-Meyer_2015-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Nortjé-Meyer_2015_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNortjé-Meyer,_Lilly2015" class="citation book cs1">Nortjé-Meyer, Lilly (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yMTSCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA86">"A movement seeking to embody support of patriarchal structures and patterns in church and society: Gertha Wiid's Worthy Women movement"</a>. In Conradie, Ernst M.; Pillay, Miranda (eds.). <i>Ecclesial reform and deform movements in the South African context</i>. Stellenbosch, South Africa: Sun Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">86–</span>93. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-920689-76-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-920689-76-6"><bdi>978-1-920689-76-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=A+movement+seeking+to+embody+support+of+patriarchal+structures+and+patterns+in+church+and+society%3A+Gertha+Wiid%27s+Worthy+Women+movement&rft.btitle=Ecclesial+reform+and+deform+movements+in+the+South+African+context&rft.place=Stellenbosch%2C+South+Africa&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E86-%3C%2Fspan%3E93&rft.pub=Sun+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-920689-76-6&rft.au=Nortj%C3%A9-Meyer%2C+Lilly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyMTSCQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA86&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMasculism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nortjé-Meyer_2011-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Nortjé-Meyer_2011_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNortjé-Meyer2011" class="citation journal cs1">Nortjé-Meyer, Lilly (November 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4102%2Fve.v32i1.472">"A critical analysis of Gretha Wiid's sex ideology and her biblical hermeneutics"</a>. <i>Verbum et Ecclesia</i>. <b>32</b> (1). AOSIS OpenJournals: <span class="nowrap">1–</span>7. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4102%2Fve.v32i1.472">10.4102/ve.v32i1.472</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Verbum+et+Ecclesia&rft.atitle=A+critical+analysis+of+Gretha+Wiid%27s+sex+ideology+and+her+biblical+hermeneutics&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E7&rft.date=2011-11&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4102%2Fve.v32i1.472&rft.aulast=Nortj%C3%A9-Meyer&rft.aufirst=Lilly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.4102%252Fve.v32i1.472&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMasculism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Masculism&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBard" class="citation web cs1">Bard, Christine. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ehne.fr/en/encyclopedia/themes/gender-and-europe/european-man-a-hegemonic-masculinity-19th-21st-centuries/masculinism-in-europe">"Masculinism in Europe"</a>. <i>Digital Encyclopedia of European History- Sorbonne Université</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-02-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Digital+Encyclopedia+of+European+History-+Sorbonne+Universit%C3%A9&rft.atitle=Masculinism+in+Europe&rft.aulast=Bard&rft.aufirst=Christine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fehne.fr%2Fen%2Fencyclopedia%2Fthemes%2Fgender-and-europe%2Feuropean-man-a-hegemonic-masculinity-19th-21st-centuries%2Fmasculinism-in-europe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMasculism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChandlerMunday2020" class="citation book cs1">Chandler, Daniel; Munday, Rod (2020). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780198841838.001.0001/acref-9780198841838-e-1615">"masculinism (masculism)"</a></span>. <i>A Dictionary of Media and Communication</i> (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Facref%2F9780198841838.001.0001">10.1093/acref/9780198841838.001.0001</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-1988-4183-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-1988-4183-8"><bdi>978-0-1988-4183-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=masculinism+%28masculism%29&rft.btitle=A+Dictionary+of+Media+and+Communication&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Facref%2F9780198841838.001.0001&rft.isbn=978-0-1988-4183-8&rft.aulast=Chandler&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.au=Munday%2C+Rod&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordreference.com%2Fdisplay%2F10.1093%2Facref%2F9780198841838.001.0001%2Facref-9780198841838-e-1615&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMasculism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMalmi2009" class="citation thesis cs1">Malmi, Pasi (6 February 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lauda.ulapland.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/61748/Pasi_Malmi_v%E4it%F6skirja.pdf?sequence=1"><i>Discrimination Against Men: Appearance and Causes in the Context of a Modern Welfare State</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (doctoral thesis). University of Lapland. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-952-484-279-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-952-484-279-2"><bdi>978-952-484-279-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0788-7604">0788-7604</a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/2009447401">2009447401</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Discrimination+Against+Men%3A+Appearance+and+Causes+in+the+Context+of+a+Modern+Welfare+State&rft.inst=University+of+Lapland&rft.date=2009-02-06&rft.issn=0788-7604&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F2009447401&rft.isbn=978-952-484-279-2&rft.aulast=Malmi&rft.aufirst=Pasi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flauda.ulapland.fi%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F10024%2F61748%2FPasi_Malmi_v%25E4it%25F6skirja.pdf%3Fsequence%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMasculism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBainArun-Pina2020" class="citation cs2">Bain, A.L.; Arun-Pina, C. (2020), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-102295-5.10280-x">"Masculinism in Geography"</a>, <i>International Encyclopedia of Human Geography</i>, Elsevier, pp. <span class="nowrap">425–</span>431, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fb978-0-08-102295-5.10280-x">10.1016/b978-0-08-102295-5.10280-x</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-08-102296-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-08-102296-2"><bdi>978-0-08-102296-2</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-02-23</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Masculinism+in+Geography&rft.btitle=International+Encyclopedia+of+Human+Geography&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E425-%3C%2Fspan%3E431&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fb978-0-08-102295-5.10280-x&rft.isbn=978-0-08-102296-2&rft.aulast=Bain&rft.aufirst=A.L.&rft.au=Arun-Pina%2C+C.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1016%2Fb978-0-08-102295-5.10280-x&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMasculism" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Masculism&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/16px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/24px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/32px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> The dictionary definition of <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/masculism" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:masculism"><i>masculism</i></a> at Wiktionary</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Masculism170" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #D5DFCE;;background: #D5DFCE;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Masculinism" title="Template:Masculinism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Masculinism" title="Template talk:Masculinism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Masculinism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Masculinism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Masculism170" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Masculism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #D5DFCE;;width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Discrimination#Gender_discrimination" title="Discrimination">Gender discrimination</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gender_equality" title="Gender equality">Gender equality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_marking_in_job_titles" title="Gender marking in job titles">Gender marking in job titles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_pay_gap" title="Gender pay gap">Gender pay gap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hegemonic_masculinity" title="Hegemonic masculinity">Hegemonic masculinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_sexism" title="Occupational sexism">Occupational sexism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_harassment" title="Sexual harassment">Sexual harassment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Marriage and reproduction</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_of_convenience" title="Marriage of convenience">Marriage of convenience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_abortion" title="Paper abortion">Paper abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paternal_bond" title="Paternal bond">Paternal bond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paternal_rights_and_abortion" title="Paternal rights and abortion">Paternal rights and abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paternalism" title="Paternalism">Paternalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paternity_fraud" title="Paternity fraud">Paternity fraud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrilineality" title="Patrilineality">Patrilineality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sperm_theft" class="mw-redirect" title="Sperm theft">Sperm theft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stay-at-home_dad" title="Stay-at-home dad">Stay-at-home dad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tender_years_doctrine" title="Tender years doctrine">Tender years doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trophy_wife" title="Trophy wife">Trophy wife</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Crime</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_shelter#Male_residents" title="Women's shelter">Men's shelter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_differences_in_crime" title="Sex differences in crime">Sex differences in crime</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sexual</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_male_sexuality" title="Human male sexuality">Human male sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testosterone_poisoning" title="Testosterone poisoning">Testosterone poisoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virility" title="Virility">Virility</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Herbivore_men" title="Herbivore men">Herbivore men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manosphere" title="Manosphere">Manosphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masculine_beauty_ideal" title="Masculine beauty ideal">Masculine beauty ideal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Men%27s_health" title="Men's health">Men's health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_sex_ratio" title="Human sex ratio">Human sex ratio</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #D5DFCE;;width:1%">Movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Men%27s_movement" title="Men's movement">Men's movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Men%27s_liberation_movement" title="Men's liberation movement">Men's liberation movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Men%27s_rights_movement" title="Men's rights movement">Men's rights movement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Men%27s_rights_movement_in_India" title="Men's rights movement in India">India</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mythopoetic_men%27s_movement" title="Mythopoetic men's movement">Mythopoetic men's movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Men_Going_Their_Own_Way" title="Men Going Their Own Way">Men Going Their Own Way</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Fathers&#039;_rights_movement28" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D5DFCE; color:black;"><a href="/wiki/Fathers%27_rights_movement" title="Fathers' rights movement">Fathers' rights movement</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fathers%27_rights_movement_by_country" title="Fathers' rights movement by country">By country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fathers%27_rights_movement_in_Australia" title="Fathers' rights movement in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fathers%27_rights_movement_in_Italy" title="Fathers' rights movement in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fathers%27_rights_movement_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Fathers' rights movement in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fathers%27_rights_movement_in_the_United_States" title="Fathers' rights movement in the United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #D5DFCE;;width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bly" title="Robert Bly">Robert Bly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Donovan_(writer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jack Donovan (writer)">Jack Donovan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Farrell" title="Warren Farrell">Warren Farrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassie_Jaye" title="Cassie Jaye">Cassie Jaye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Kimmel" title="Michael Kimmel">Michael Kimmel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Messner" title="Michael Messner">Michael Messner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erin_Pizzey" title="Erin Pizzey">Erin Pizzey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bettina_Arndt" title="Bettina Arndt">Bettina Arndt</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #D5DFCE;;width:1%">Remembrance days</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Men%27s_Day" title="International Men's Day">International Men's Day</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #D5DFCE;;width:1%">Issues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Violence" title="Violence">Violence</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dating_violence" title="Dating violence">Dating violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domestic_violence_against_men" title="Domestic violence against men">Domestic violence against men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forced_circumcision" title="Forced circumcision">Forced circumcision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boys_are_stupid,_throw_rocks_at_them!_controversy" title="Boys are stupid, throw rocks at them! controversy">Boys are stupid, throw rocks at them! controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conflict_tactics_scale" title="Conflict tactics scale">Conflict tactics scale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Male_rape" class="mw-redirect" title="Male rape">Male rape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misandry" title="Misandry">Misandry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sexism</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Androcracy" title="Androcracy">Androcracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Androcentrism" title="Androcentrism">Androcentrism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: #D5DFCE;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Masculism" title="Category:Masculism">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Political_ideologies504" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Political_ideologies" title="Template:Political ideologies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Political_ideologies" title="Template talk:Political ideologies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Political_ideologies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Political ideologies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Political_ideologies504" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_ideologies" title="List of political ideologies">Political ideologies</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Establishment" title="The Establishment">The Establishment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-establishment" title="Anti-establishment">Anti</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardline" title="Hardline">Hardline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_moderate" title="Political moderate">Moderate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_spectrum" title="Political spectrum">Political spectrum</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Far-left_politics" title="Far-left politics">Far-left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left-wing_politics" title="Left-wing politics">Left-wing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre-left_politics" title="Centre-left politics">Centre-left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centrism" title="Centrism">Centrism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre-right_politics" title="Centre-right politics">Centre-right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right-wing_politics" title="Right-wing politics">Right-wing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Far-right_politics" title="Far-right politics">Far-right</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_radicalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Political radicalism">Radical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reactionary" title="Reactionary">Reactionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary" title="Revolutionary">Revolutionary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accelerationism" title="Accelerationism">Accelerationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agrarianism" title="Agrarianism">Agrarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism" title="Anarchism">Anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitalism" title="Capitalism">Capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_democracy" title="Christian democracy">Christian democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communalism_(Bookchin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Communalism (Bookchin)">Communalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communitarianism" title="Communitarianism">Communitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confucianism" title="Confucianism">Confucianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism" title="Conservatism">Conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutionalism" title="Constitutionalism">Constitutionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporatism" title="Corporatism">Corporatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distributism" title="Distributism">Distributism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_credit" title="Social credit">Social credit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmentalism" title="Environmentalism">Environmentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Familialism" title="Familialism">Familialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascism" title="Fascism">Fascism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nazism" title="Nazism">Nazism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Position" title="Third Position">Third Position</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism" title="Feminism">Feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fundamentalism" title="Fundamentalism">Fundamentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_politics" title="Green politics">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindutva" title="Hindutva">Hindutva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">Liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarianism" title="Libertarianism">Libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxism</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Masculism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchism" title="Monarchism">Monarchism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Royalism">Royalism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">Nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism" title="Republicanism">Republicanism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Classical_republicanism" title="Classical republicanism">Classical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_republicanism" title="Modern republicanism">Modern</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">Social democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">Socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Way" title="Third Way">Third Way</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Authoritarianism" title="Authoritarianism">Authoritarianism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-authoritarianism" title="Anti-authoritarianism">Anti</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_organization#Collectivism_and_individualism" title="Social organization">Collectivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonialism" title="Colonialism">Colonialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culturalism" title="Culturalism">Culturalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interculturalism" title="Interculturalism">Inter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monoculturalism" title="Monoculturalism">Mono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiculturalism" title="Multiculturalism">Multi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extremism" title="Extremism">Extremism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federalism" title="Federalism">Federalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Globalism" title="Globalism">Globalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ideological_repression" title="Ideological repression">Ideological repression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperialism" title="Imperialism">Imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individualism" title="Individualism">Individualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internationalism_(politics)" title="Internationalism (politics)">Internationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Localism_(politics)" title="Localism (politics)">Localism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Militarism" title="Militarism">Militarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nihilism" title="Nihilism">Nihilism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacifism" title="Pacifism">Pacifism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pluralism_(political_theory)" title="Pluralism (political theory)">Pluralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Populism" title="Populism">Populism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressivism" title="Progressivism">Progressivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformism" title="Reformism">Reformism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regionalism_(politics)" title="Regionalism (politics)">Regionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separatism" title="Separatism">Separatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statism" title="Statism">Statism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syncretic_politics" title="Syncretic politics">Syncretism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Totalitarianism" title="Totalitarianism">Totalitarianism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Discrimination427" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Discrimination" title="Template:Discrimination"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Discrimination" title="Template talk:Discrimination"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Discrimination" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Discrimination"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Discrimination427" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Discrimination" title="Discrimination">Discrimination</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Forms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Institutional_discrimination" title="Institutional discrimination">Institutional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structural_discrimination" title="Structural discrimination">Structural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statistical_discrimination_(economics)" title="Statistical discrimination (economics)">Statistical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systemic_bias" title="Systemic bias">Systemic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taste-based_discrimination" title="Taste-based discrimination">Taste-based</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Attributes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.26em 0; line-height:1.5em; background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ageism" title="Ageism">Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caste" title="Caste">Caste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Class_discrimination" title="Class discrimination">Class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dialect_discrimination" title="Dialect discrimination">Dialect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ableism" title="Ableism">Disability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_discrimination" title="Economic discrimination">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetic_discrimination" title="Genetic discrimination">Genetic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_based_on_hair_texture" title="Discrimination based on hair texture">Hair texture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Height_discrimination" title="Height discrimination">Height</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linguistic_discrimination" title="Linguistic discrimination">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lookism" title="Lookism">Looks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanism" title="Sanism">Mental disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_based_on_nationality" title="Discrimination based on nationality">Nationality or citizenship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism" title="Racism">Race / Ethnicity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_based_on_skin_tone" title="Discrimination based on skin tone">Skin color</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_racism" title="Scientific racism">Scientific racism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rankism" title="Rankism">Rank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexism" title="Sexism">Sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation_discrimination" title="Sexual orientation discrimination">Sexual orientation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speciesism" title="Speciesism">Species</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sizeism" title="Sizeism">Size</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viewpoint_discrimination" title="Viewpoint discrimination">Viewpoint</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Social</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arophobia" class="mw-redirect" title="Arophobia">Arophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_people_with_albinism" title="Persecution of people with albinism">Anti-albinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_asexual_people" title="Discrimination against asexual people">Acephobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adultism" title="Adultism">Adultism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Do-gooder_derogation" title="Do-gooder derogation">Anti-altruistic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_autistic_people" title="Discrimination against autistic people">Anti-autism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_homeless_people" title="Discrimination against homeless people">Anti-homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_drug_addicts" title="Discrimination against drug addicts">Anti-drug addicts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-intellectualism" title="Anti-intellectualism">Anti-intellectualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_intersex_people" title="Discrimination against intersex people">Anti-intersex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bias_against_left-handed_people" title="Bias against left-handed people">Anti-left handedness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Masonry" title="Anti-Masonry">Anti-Masonry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aporophobia" title="Aporophobia">Aporophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audism" title="Audism">Audism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biphobia" title="Biphobia">Biphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clannism" class="mw-redirect" title="Clannism">Clannism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elitism" title="Elitism">Elitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephebiphobia" title="Ephebiphobia">Ephebiphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_determinants_of_health" title="Social determinants of health">Health</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_determinants_of_mental_health" title="Social determinants of mental health">mental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_determinants_of_health_in_poverty" title="Social determinants of health in poverty">in poverty</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_stigma_of_obesity" title="Social stigma of obesity">Fatphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_gay_men" title="Discrimination against gay men">Gayphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerontophobia" title="Gerontophobia">Gerontophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heterosexism" title="Heterosexism">Heterosexism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_people_with_HIV/AIDS" title="Discrimination against people with HIV/AIDS">HIV/AIDS stigma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypergamy" title="Hypergamy">Hypergamy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homophobia" title="Homophobia">Homophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/In-group_favoritism" title="In-group favoritism">In-group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leprosy_stigma" title="Leprosy stigma">Leprosy stigma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbophobia" class="mw-redirect" title="Lesbophobia">Lesbophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_men" title="Discrimination against men">Against men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misandry" title="Misandry">Misandry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misogyny" title="Misogyny">Misogyny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepotism" title="Nepotism">Nepotism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outgroup_favoritism" title="Outgroup favoritism">Outgroup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fear_of_children" title="Fear of children">Pedophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpetual_foreigner" title="Perpetual foreigner">Perpetual foreigner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pregnancy_discrimination" title="Pregnancy discrimination">Pregnancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sectarianism" title="Sectarianism">Sectarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supremacism" title="Supremacism">Supremacism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aryanism" title="Aryanism">Aryanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_supremacy" title="Black supremacy">Black</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hutu_Power" title="Hutu Power">Hutu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chauvinism" title="Chauvinism">Chauvinism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Han_chauvinism" title="Han chauvinism">Han</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matriarchy" title="Matriarchy">Female</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthropocentrism" title="Anthropocentrism">Human</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordicism" title="Nordicism">Nordicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriarchy" title="Patriarchy">Male</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_supremacy" title="Jewish supremacy">Jewish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultranationalism" title="Ultranationalism">Ultranationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_supremacy" title="White supremacy">White</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transphobia" title="Transphobia">Transphobia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_non-binary_people" title="Discrimination against non-binary people">Non-binary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transmisogyny" title="Transmisogyny">Transmisogyny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_transgender_men" title="Discrimination against transgender men">Trans men</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegaphobia" title="Vegaphobia">Vegaphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenophobia" title="Xenophobia">Xenophobia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religious_discrimination" title="Religious discrimination">Religious</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_atheists" title="Discrimination against atheists">Atheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antireligious_campaigns_in_China" title="Antireligious campaigns in China">Campaigns in China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exclusivism#Religious_exclusivism" title="Exclusivism">Exclusivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%ADs" title="Persecution of Baháʼís">Baháʼí Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Buddhists" title="Persecution of Buddhists">Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Christian_sentiment" title="Anti-Christian sentiment">Christianity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians" title="Persecution of Christians">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Catholicism" title="Anti-Catholicism">Catholicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Eastern_Orthodox_Christians" title="Persecution of Eastern Orthodox Christians">Eastern Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Copts" title="Persecution of Copts">Coptic Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Persecution of Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Mormonism" title="Anti-Mormonism">LDS or Mormon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Protestantism" title="Anti-Protestantism">Protestantism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Orthodox_Tewahedo_Christianity" title="Persecution of Orthodox Tewahedo Christianity">Tewahedo Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians_in_the_post%E2%80%93Cold_War_era" title="Persecution of Christians in the post–Cold War era">post–Cold War era</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Falun_Gong" title="Persecution of Falun Gong">Falun Gong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Hindu_sentiment" title="Anti-Hindu sentiment">Hinduism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Hindus" title="Persecution of Hindus">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Untouchability" title="Untouchability">Untouchability</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamophobia" title="Islamophobia">Islam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_religious_police" title="Islamic religious police">Religious police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostasy_in_Islam#Punishment" title="Apostasy in Islam">Punishment of apostasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Muslims" title="Persecution of Muslims">Persecution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Ahmadis" title="Persecution of Ahmadis">Ahmadiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Shi%27ism" title="Anti-Shi'ism">Shi'ism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Sufis" title="Persecution of Sufis">Sufism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Sunnism" title="Anti-Sunnism">Sunnism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_minority_Muslim_groups" title="Persecution of minority Muslim groups">minority Muslim</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_antisemitism" title="Religious antisemitism">Judaism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Jews" title="Persecution of Jews">Persecution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_discrimination_against_modern_pagans" title="Religious discrimination against modern pagans">Neopaganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Rastafari" title="Persecution of Rastafari">Rastafari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Sikh_sentiment" title="Anti-Sikh sentiment">Sikhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Yazidis" title="Persecution of Yazidis">Yazidism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Zoroastrians" title="Persecution of Zoroastrians">Zoroastrianism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Racism" title="Racism">Race / Ethnicity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Afghan_sentiment" title="Anti-Afghan sentiment">Afghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-African_sentiment" title="Anti-African sentiment">African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Albanian_sentiment" title="Anti-Albanian sentiment">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Arab_racism" title="Anti-Arab racism">Arab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Armenian_sentiment" title="Anti-Armenian sentiment">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_against_Asians" title="Racism against Asians">Asian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Asian_racism_in_France" title="Anti-Asian racism in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Asian_racism_in_post-Apartheid_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Asian racism in post-Apartheid South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Asian_racism_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Asian racism in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Assyrian_sentiment" title="Anti-Assyrian sentiment">Assyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Australian_sentiment" title="Anti-Australian sentiment">Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Austrian_sentiment" title="Anti-Austrian sentiment">Austrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Azerbaijani_sentiment" title="Anti-Azerbaijani sentiment">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Black_racism" title="Anti-Black racism">Black people</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Racism_against_African_Americans" title="Racism against African Americans">African Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-black_discrimination_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-black discrimination in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-black_racism_in_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-black racism in South Africa">South Africa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Bengali_sentiment" title="Anti-Bengali sentiment">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_for_the_Protection_of_Macedonian_National_Honor" class="mw-redirect" title="Law for the Protection of Macedonian National Honor">Bulgarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Catalan_sentiment" title="Anti-Catalan sentiment">Catalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Chechen_sentiment" title="Anti-Chechen sentiment">Chechen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Chinese_sentiment" title="Anti-Chinese sentiment">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Han_sentiment" title="Anti-Han sentiment">Han people</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Colombian_sentiment" title="Anti-Colombian sentiment">Colombian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Croat_sentiment" title="Anti-Croat sentiment">Croat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Dutch_sentiment" title="Anti-Dutch sentiment">Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-English_sentiment" title="Anti-English sentiment">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Estonian_sentiment" title="Anti-Estonian sentiment">Estonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Filipino_sentiment" title="Anti-Filipino sentiment">Filipino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-French_sentiment" title="Anti-French sentiment">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Fulani_sentiment" title="Anti-Fulani sentiment">Fulani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Finnish_sentiment" title="Anti-Finnish sentiment">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Georgian_sentiment" title="Anti-Georgian sentiment">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-German_sentiment" title="Anti-German sentiment">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Greek_sentiment" title="Anti-Greek sentiment">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antihaitianismo" class="mw-redirect" title="Antihaitianismo">Haitian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Hazaras" title="Persecution of Hazaras">Hazara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Hungarian_sentiment" title="Anti-Hungarian sentiment">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Igbo_sentiment" title="Anti-Igbo sentiment">Igbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Indian_sentiment" title="Anti-Indian sentiment">Indian</a></li> <li>Indigenous people <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-indigenous_racism_in_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-indigenous racism in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-indigenous_racism_in_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-indigenous racism in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-indigenous_racism_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-indigenous racism in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Iranian_sentiment" title="Anti-Iranian sentiment">Iranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Irish_sentiment" title="Anti-Irish sentiment">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Italianism" title="Anti-Italianism">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Japanese_sentiment" title="Anti-Japanese sentiment">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">Jewish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eliminationist_antisemitism" title="Eliminationist antisemitism">Eliminationist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_antisemitism" title="New antisemitism">New</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_antisemitism" title="Religious antisemitism">Religious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Yiddish_sentiment" title="Anti-Yiddish sentiment">Anti-Yiddish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zionist_antisemitism" title="Zionist antisemitism">Zionist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Korean_sentiment" title="Anti-Korean sentiment">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Kurdish_sentiment" title="Anti-Kurdish sentiment">Kurdish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Lithuanian_sentiment" title="Anti-Lithuanian sentiment">Lithuanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Malay_sentiment" title="Anti-Malay sentiment">Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-M%C4%81ori_sentiment" title="Anti-Māori sentiment">Māori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Mexican_sentiment" title="Anti-Mexican sentiment">Mexican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti%E2%80%93Middle_Eastern_sentiment" title="Anti–Middle Eastern sentiment">Middle Eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Mongolianism" title="Anti-Mongolianism">Mongolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Montenegrin_sentiment" title="Anti-Montenegrin sentiment">Montenegrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Nigerian_sentiment" title="Anti-Nigerian sentiment">Nigerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Pakistan_sentiment" title="Anti-Pakistan sentiment">Pakistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Palestinianism" title="Anti-Palestinianism">Palestinians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Pashtun_sentiment" title="Anti-Pashtun sentiment">Pashtun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Polish_sentiment" title="Anti-Polish sentiment">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lusophobia" title="Lusophobia">Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Quebec_sentiment" title="Anti-Quebec sentiment">Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Romani_sentiment" title="Anti-Romani sentiment">Romani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Romanian_sentiment" title="Anti-Romanian sentiment">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Russian_sentiment" title="Anti-Russian sentiment">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Scottish_sentiment" title="Anti-Scottish sentiment">Scottish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Serb_sentiment" title="Anti-Serb sentiment">Serb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Slavic_sentiment" title="Anti-Slavic sentiment">Slavic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Somali_sentiment" title="Anti-Somali sentiment">Somali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Spanish_sentiment" title="Anti-Spanish sentiment">Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Taiwanese_sentiment" title="Anti-Taiwanese sentiment">Taiwanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatarophobia" title="Tatarophobia">Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Thai_sentiment" title="Anti-Thai sentiment">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Tibetan_sentiment" title="Anti-Tibetan sentiment">Tibetan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Turkish_sentiment" title="Anti-Turkish sentiment">Turkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Ukrainian_sentiment" title="Anti-Ukrainian sentiment">Ukrainian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Uyghur_sentiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Uyghur sentiment">Uyghur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_incidents_of_xenophobia_during_the_Venezuelan_refugee_crisis" title="List of incidents of xenophobia during the Venezuelan refugee crisis">Venezuelan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Vietnamese_sentiment" title="Anti-Vietnamese sentiment">Vietnamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Welsh_sentiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Welsh sentiment">Welsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-white_racism" title="Anti-white racism">White people</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manifestations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.26em 0; line-height:1.5em; background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algorithmic_bias" title="Algorithmic bias">Algorithmic bias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-LGBTQ_rhetoric" title="Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric">Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_organizations_designated_by_the_Southern_Poverty_Law_Center_as_anti-LGBTQ_hate_groups" title="List of organizations designated by the Southern Poverty Law Center as anti-LGBTQ hate groups">SPLC-designated list of anti-LGBTQ hate groups</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_libel" title="Blood libel">Blood libel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bullying" title="Bullying">Bullying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cancel_culture" title="Cancel culture">Cancel culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_for_homosexuality" title="Capital punishment for homosexuality">Capital punishment for homosexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnism" title="Carnism">Carnism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cognitive_bias" title="Cognitive bias">Cognitive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compulsory_sterilization" title="Compulsory sterilization">Compulsory sterilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrective_rape" title="Corrective rape">Corrective rape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-jihad" title="Counter-jihad">Counter-jihad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_genocide" title="Cultural genocide">Cultural genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defamation" title="Defamation">Defamation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democide" title="Democide">Democide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dog_whistle_(politics)" title="Dog whistle (politics)">Dog whistle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domicide" title="Domicide">Domicide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_discrimination" title="Economic discrimination">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_in_education" title="Discrimination in education">Education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academic_bias" title="Academic bias">Academic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bias_in_curricula" title="Bias in curricula">In curricula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexism_in_academia" title="Sexism in academia">Sexism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliminationism" title="Eliminationism">Eliminationism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eliminationist_antisemitism" title="Eliminationist antisemitism">Eliminationist antisemitism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Employment_discrimination" title="Employment discrimination">Employment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enemy_of_the_people" title="Enemy of the people">Enemy of the people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_racism" title="Environmental racism">Environmental racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_cleansing" title="Ethnic cleansing">Ethnic cleansing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_conflict" title="Ethnic conflict">Ethnic conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_hatred" title="Ethnic hatred">Ethnic hatred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_joke" title="Ethnic joke">Ethnic joke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnocide" title="Ethnocide">Ethnocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_of_excellence" title="Discrimination of excellence">Excellence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender-based_dress_codes" title="Gender-based dress codes">Gender-based dress codes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cosmetics_policy" title="Cosmetics policy">Cosmetics policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_heel_policy" title="High heel policy">High heel policy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forced_conversion" title="Forced conversion">Forced conversion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freak_show" title="Freak show">Freak show</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funding_bias" title="Funding bias">Funding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gay_bashing" title="Gay bashing">Gay bashing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gendercide" title="Gendercide">Gendercide</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_genocide" title="Transgender genocide">Transgender genocide</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genital_modification_and_mutilation" title="Genital modification and mutilation">Genital modification and mutilation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Circumcision" title="Circumcision">Circumcision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Female_genital_mutilation" title="Female genital mutilation">Female genital mutilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_medical_interventions" title="Intersex medical interventions">Intersex medical interventions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genocide" title="Genocide">Genocide</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genocides_in_history" title="Genocides in history">examples</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass_ceiling" title="Glass ceiling">Glass ceiling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hate_crime" title="Hate crime">Hate crime</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disability_hate_crime" title="Disability hate crime">Disability hate crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violence_against_LGBTQ_people" title="Violence against LGBTQ people">Violence against LGBTQ people</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Violence_against_transgender_people" title="Violence against transgender people">Violence against transgender people</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hate_group" title="Hate group">Hate group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hate_speech" title="Hate speech">Hate speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institution" title="Institution">Institutional</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Institutional_abuse" title="Institutional abuse">Abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institutional_discrimination" title="Institutional discrimination">Discrimination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institutional_racism" title="Institutional racism">Racism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patient_dumping" title="Patient dumping">Homeless dumping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_discrimination" title="Housing discrimination">Housing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypergamy" title="Hypergamy">Hypergamy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Age_disparity_in_sexual_relationships" title="Age disparity in sexual relationships">Age disparity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_rolling" title="Indian rolling">Indian rolling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_inequality" title="International inequality">International inequality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kill_Haole_Day" title="Kill Haole Day">Kill Haole Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavender_scare" class="mw-redirect" title="Lavender scare">Lavender scare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_LGBTQ%2B_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Discrimination against LGBTQ+ people">LGBTQ+</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_grooming_conspiracy_theory" title="LGBTQ grooming conspiracy theory">grooming conspiracy theory</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Language_death" title="Language death">Linguicide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching" title="Lynching">Lynching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_bias" title="Media bias">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minority_stress" title="Minority stress">Minority stress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moral_exclusion" title="Moral exclusion">Moral exclusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortgage_discrimination" title="Mortgage discrimination">Mortgage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stop_Murder_Music" title="Stop Murder Music">Murder music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_mascot_controversy" title="Native American mascot controversy">Native American mascots</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlanta_Braves_tomahawk_chop_and_name_controversy" title="Atlanta Braves tomahawk chop and name controversy">Braves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Blackhawks_name_and_logo_controversy" title="Chicago Blackhawks name and logo controversy">Blackhawks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_City_Chiefs_name_controversy" title="Kansas City Chiefs name controversy">Chiefs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Work_(human_activity)" title="Work (human activity)">Occupational</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_apartheid" title="Occupational apartheid">Apartheid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_inequality" title="Occupational inequality">Inequality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_injustice" title="Occupational injustice">Injustice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_segregation" title="Occupational segregation">Segregation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_immigration" title="Opposition to immigration">Opposition to immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_genocide" title="Paper genocide">Paper genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution" title="Persecution">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom">Pogrom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_bias" title="Political bias">Political</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_repression" title="Political repression">Political repression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ideological_repression" title="Ideological repression">Ideological repression</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purge" title="Purge">Purge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racialization" title="Racialization">Racialization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_persecution" title="Religious persecution">Religious persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_terrorism" title="Religious terrorism">Religious terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_violence" title="Religious violence">Religious violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_war" title="Religious war">Religious war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scapegoating" title="Scapegoating">Scapegoating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Segregation_academy" title="Segregation academy">Segregation academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selective_prosecution" title="Selective prosecution">Selective prosecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sentencing_disparity" title="Sentencing disparity">Sentencing disparity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_harassment" title="Sexual harassment">Sexual harassment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex-selective_abortion" title="Sex-selective abortion">Sex-selective abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slut-shaming" title="Slut-shaming">Slut-shaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structural_abuse" title="Structural abuse">Structural abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structural_discrimination" title="Structural discrimination">Structural discrimination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structural_evil" title="Structural evil">Structural evil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structural_inequality" title="Structural inequality">Structural inequality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structural_violence" title="Structural violence">Structural violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_differences_in_suicide" title="Gender differences in suicide">Suicide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Untermensch" title="Untermensch">Untermensch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violence_against_transgender_people" title="Violence against transgender people">Trans bashing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victimisation" title="Victimisation">Victimisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violence_against_women" title="Violence against women">Violence against women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_flight" title="White flight">White flight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_genocide_conspiracy_theory" title="White genocide conspiracy theory">White genocide conspiracy theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wife_selling" title="Wife selling">Wife selling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witch_hunt" title="Witch hunt">Witch hunt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Discriminatory<br />policies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algorithmic_wage_discrimination" title="Algorithmic wage discrimination">Algorithmic wage discrimination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_candidacy" title="Age of candidacy">Age of candidacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limpieza_de_sangre" title="Limpieza de sangre">Blood purity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_quantum_laws" title="Blood quantum laws">Blood quantum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breadwinner_model" title="Breadwinner model">Breadwinner model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_and_sexism" title="Conscription and sexism">Conscription and sexism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_of_apartheid" title="Crime of apartheid">Crime of apartheid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disability" title="Disability">Disabilities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disabilities_(Catholics)" title="Disabilities (Catholics)">Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_disabilities" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish disabilities">Jewish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disparate_impact" title="Disparate impact">Disparate impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fagging" title="Fagging">Fagging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_pay_gap" title="Gender pay gap">Gender pay gap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_role" title="Gender role">Gender roles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protecting_Women%27s_Private_Spaces_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Protecting Women's Private Spaces Act">Protecting Women's Private Spaces Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerontocracy" title="Gerontocracy">Gerontocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerrymandering" title="Gerrymandering">Gerrymandering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghetto_benches" title="Ghetto benches">Ghetto benches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internment" title="Internment">Internment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_quota" title="Jewish quota">Jewish quota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_for_Protection_of_the_Nation" title="Law for Protection of the Nation">Law for Protection of the Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_opposition" title="LGBTQ rights opposition">LGBTQ rights opposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_donation_restrictions_on_men_who_have_sex_with_men" title="Blood donation restrictions on men who have sex with men">MSM blood donation restrictions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_kid_zone" title="No kid zone">No kid zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numerus_clausus" title="Numerus clausus"><i>Numerus clausus</i> (as religious or racial quota)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-drop_rule" title="One-drop rule">One-drop rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_quota" title="Racial quota">Racial quota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_segregation" title="Racial segregation">Racial segregation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Crow_laws" title="Jim Crow laws">Jim Crow laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_Laws" title="Nuremberg Laws">Nuremberg Laws</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_steering" title="Racial steering">Racial steering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redlining" title="Redlining">Redlining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage" title="Same-sex marriage">Same-sex marriage (laws and issues prohibiting)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geographical_segregation" title="Geographical segregation">Segregation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Age_segregation" title="Age segregation">age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_segregation" title="Racial segregation">racial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_segregation" title="Religious segregation">religious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_segregation" title="Sex segregation">sexual</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_exclusion" title="Social exclusion">Social exclusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodomy_law" title="Sodomy law">Sodomy law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_atheism" title="State atheism">State atheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_religion" title="State religion">State religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugly_law" title="Ugly law">Ugly law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voter_suppression" title="Voter suppression">Voter suppression</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Countermeasures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.26em 0; line-height:1.5em; background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affirmative_action" title="Affirmative action">Affirmative action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-discrimination_law" title="Anti-discrimination law">Anti-discrimination law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-racism" title="Anti-racism">Anti-racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audit_study" title="Audit study">Audit study</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autism_rights_movement" title="Autism rights movement">Autism rights movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blind_audition" title="Blind audition">Blind audition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_colorblindness" title="Constitutional colorblindness">Constitutional colorblindness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_assimilation" title="Cultural assimilation">Cultural assimilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_pluralism" title="Cultural pluralism">Cultural pluralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diversity,_equity,_and_inclusion" title="Diversity, equity, and inclusion">Diversity, equity, and inclusion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diversity_training" title="Diversity training">Diversity training</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empowerment" title="Empowerment">Empowerment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fat_acceptance_movement" title="Fat acceptance movement">Fat acceptance movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism" title="Feminism">Feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fighting_Discrimination" title="Fighting Discrimination">Fighting Discrimination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Rule" title="Golden Rule">Golden Rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hate_speech_laws_by_country" title="Hate speech laws by country">Hate speech laws by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights" title="Human rights">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_human_rights" title="Intersex human rights">Intersex human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korenizatsiia" title="Korenizatsiia">Korenizatsiia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_by_country_or_territory" title="LGBTQ rights by country or territory">LGBTQ rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_in_the_movement_against_apartheid" title="Music in the movement against apartheid">Music in the movement against apartheid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonviolence" title="Nonviolence">Nonviolence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_integration" title="Racial integration">Racial integration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reappropriation" title="Reappropriation">Reappropriation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_Against_Sexism" title="Rock Against Sexism">Rock Against Sexism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-determination" title="Self-determination">Self-determination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_integration" title="Social integration">Social integration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toleration" title="Toleration">Toleration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_rights_movement" title="Transgender rights movement">Transgender rights movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_suffrage" title="Universal suffrage">Universal suffrage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_rights" title="Women's rights">Women's rights</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.26em 0; line-height:1.5em; background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allophilia" title="Allophilia">Allophilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alterity" title="Alterity">Alterity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amatonormativity" title="Amatonormativity">Amatonormativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bias" title="Bias">Bias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisnormativity" title="Cisnormativity">Cisnormativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_liberties" title="Civil liberties">Civil liberties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criminalization_of_homosexuality" title="Criminalization of homosexuality">Criminalization of homosexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehumanization" title="Dehumanization">Dehumanization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diseases_of_despair" class="mw-redirect" title="Diseases of despair">Diseases of despair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diversity_(politics)" title="Diversity (politics)">Diversity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Multiculturalism" title="Multiculturalism">Multiculturalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurodiversity" title="Neurodiversity">Neurodiversity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_penalty" title="Ethnic penalty">Ethnic penalty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Figleaf_(linguistics)" title="Figleaf (linguistics)">Figleaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender-blind" title="Gender-blind">Gender-blind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heteronormativity" title="Heteronormativity">Heteronormativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_eugenics" title="History of eugenics">Historical eugenics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internalized_oppression" title="Internalized oppression">Internalized oppression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersectionality" title="Intersectionality">Intersectionality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mad_pride" title="Mad pride">Mad pride</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Masculism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_model_of_disability" title="Medical model of disability">Medical model of disability</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medical_model_of_autism" class="mw-redirect" title="Medical model of autism">autism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a 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