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overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; }</style><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><div class="u-floatLeft"><h1 class="PageHeader-title u-m0x u-fs30">Community Policing</h1><div class="u-tcGrayDark">14,620 Followers</div><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-mt2x">Recent papers in <b>Community Policing</b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline u-displayFlex"><li class="active"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Policing">Top Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Policing/MostCited">Most Cited Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Policing/MostDownloaded">Most Downloaded Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Policing/MostRecent">Newest Papers</a></li><li><a class="" href="https://www.academia.edu/People/Community_Policing">People</a></li></ul></div><style type="text/css">ul.nav{flex-direction:row}@media(max-width: 567px){ul.nav{flex-direction:column}.TabbedNavigation li{max-width:100%}.TabbedNavigation li.active{background-color:var(--background-grey, #dddde2)}.TabbedNavigation li.active:before,.TabbedNavigation li.active:after{display:none}}</style></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><div class="u-displayFlex"><div class="u-flexGrow1"><div class="works"><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_36137186" data-work_id="36137186" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36137186/Unity_FW_for_Trust">Unity FW for Trust</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Trust has to be earned. Laurence Marzell presents a scalable transferable architecture for community policing, which is helping to build a bedrock of trust between citizens, law enforcement and other stakeholders</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36137186" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3527963d9b4baed87c1e8ae405a73c40" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56029931,"asset_id":36137186,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56029931/download_file?st=MTczMjgxNjQzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6122988" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LaurenceMarzell">Laurence Marzell</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6122988" type="text/json">{"id":6122988,"first_name":"Laurence","last_name":"Marzell","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LaurenceMarzell","display_name":"Laurence Marzell","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LaurenceMarzell?f_ri=27384","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6122988/19089870/19040101/s65_laurence.marzell.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_36137186 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="36137186"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36137186, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_36137186", }); 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There is an audio link also available. After... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_28133021" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Convocation Address at Bethel University, August 29, 2016 about recent troubles in Minnesota, particularly the shooting of Philando Castille, and our responsibility as followers of the Gospel. There is an audio link also available. After you click the link, it's the first one in the queue; fast-forward to 15:00:  <a href="https://itunes.apple.com/us/itunes-u/2016-2017-chapel-college-arts/id1148681753?mt=10" rel="nofollow">https://itunes.apple.com/us/itunes-u/2016-2017-chapel-college-arts/id1148681753?mt=10</a></div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/28133021" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="287cae989a2327a5c2319ec1b051747e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48447473,"asset_id":28133021,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48447473/download_file?st=MTczMjgxNjQzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4882756" href="https://bethel.academia.edu/JuanHernandez">Juan Hernández Jr.</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4882756" type="text/json">{"id":4882756,"first_name":"Juan","last_name":"Hernández Jr.","domain_name":"bethel","page_name":"JuanHernandez","display_name":"Juan Hernández Jr.","profile_url":"https://bethel.academia.edu/JuanHernandez?f_ri=27384","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4882756/2955648/92518727/s65_juan.hern_ndez_jr..jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_28133021 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="28133021"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 28133021, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_28133021", }); 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Force","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Excessive_Force?f_ri=27384"},{"id":2162572,"name":"Police brutality against african americans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Police_brutality_against_african_americans?f_ri=27384"},{"id":2218545,"name":"Police killings","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Police_killings?f_ri=27384"},{"id":2493733,"name":"Racist killings of blacks by the police","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Racist_killings_of_blacks_by_the_police?f_ri=27384"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_44581894" data-work_id="44581894" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44581894/TOPLUM_DESTEKL%C4%B0_POL%C4%B0SL%C4%B0K_VE_%C3%96RNEKLER%C4%B0_2014_Terke%C5%9Fli_R">TOPLUM DESTEKLİ POLİSLİK VE ÖRNEKLERİ, (2014), Terkeşli, R.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Suçun işlenmeden önlenmesi çalışmaları, modern toplumlarda kolluk kuvvetlerinin asli vazifeleri arasında ön plana çıkan görevleri arasındadır. Suçun önlenmesi anlamına gelen proaktif polislik, polisin suç işlenmeden önce harekete... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_44581894" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Suçun işlenmeden önlenmesi çalışmaları, modern toplumlarda kolluk kuvvetlerinin asli vazifeleri arasında ön plana çıkan görevleri arasındadır. Suçun önlenmesi anlamına gelen proaktif polislik, polisin suç işlenmeden önce harekete geçmesidir. Bu tür polislik, suçla  mücadele herkesin sorumluluğu temeline dayanan çok kurumlu yaklaşım ve suçu sosyal bir problem olarak algılayıp kontrolünü de sosyal yöntemlerle mümkün gören önleme stratejilerini de içinde barındıran bir yöntemdir. Bu nedenle, suçla mücadele sorumluluğu, ilgili diğer resmi kurumlar, sivil toplum kuruluşları ve daha genel olarak halkla paylaşılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Toplum Destekli Polislik (TDP) tanımı yapılmış, TDP ortaya çıkışını hazırlayan nedenler ve TDP faaliyetlerinde yöneticilerin rolü belirtilmiş ve TDP faaliyetlerinin faydalarına ilişkin bölüm yazarının bir süre müdürlüğünü yaptığı Diyarbakır TDP Şubesinde kendisinin ve şube personelinin yaşamış olduğu bazı anılara örnek olarak yer verilmiştir. Bahse konu anılarda; toplumda yaşanan bütün sorunları kendi sorunları olarak gören, okula gidemeyen bir çocuğun acısını içinde duyan, evinde şiddet gören kadının feryadını, mağduriyet yaşayan bir ailenin ve sokaklarda yaşama mecburiyetinde kalan kimsesizlerin acısını yüreğinde duyan, sadece bir olay meydana geldiğinde olaya müdahale eden değil, her zaman vatandaşların dertlerine ortak olan, hastalandıklarında geçmiş olsun ziyaretine giden, vefat etmeleri durumunda yakınlarının acılarını paylaşmak için taziye ziyaretinde bulunan, halkın bayramlarına ve özel günlerine katılarak onlarla bütünleşmeye çalışan, suça bulaşan veya bulaşma riski yüksek olan çocuk ve gençlerin tespit edilerek onların nasıl meslek sahibi yapılmaya çalışıldığı ve benzeri konular anlatılmıştır. <br /><br />ALINTILAMA ÖNERİSİ<br />Terkeşli, R. (2014), Toplum Destekli Polislik ve Örnekleri , Harmancı, F. M; Gözübenli, M. ve Zengin, C. (Ed.),"Güvenlik Sektöründe Temel Stratejiler" içinde (s.57-81). Nobel Yayınevi, ISBN:978-605-133-960-3<br /><br /><br />BİR BÖLÜMÜ BURADA YER ALAN KİTABIN TAMAMINA AŞAĞIDAKİ LİNKLERDENULAŞABİLİRSİNİZ<br /><a href="https://www.academia.edu/43834170/G%C3%BCvenlik_Sekt%C3%B6r%C3%BCnde_Temel_Stratejiler" rel="nofollow">https://www.academia.edu/43834170/G%C3%BCvenlik_Sekt%C3%B6r%C3%BCnde_Temel_Stratejiler</a><br /><a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/294836329_Guvenlik_Sektorunde_Temel_Stratejiler" rel="nofollow">https://www.researchgate.net/publication/294836329_Guvenlik_Sektorunde_Temel_Stratejiler</a></div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/44581894" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="770b6e937bf0c61b252028fca5eb0f52" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":65039055,"asset_id":44581894,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65039055/download_file?st=MTczMjgxNjQzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="31690263" href="https://independent.academia.edu/FatihMehmetHarmanc%C4%B1">Fatih Mehmet Harmancı</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="31690263" type="text/json">{"id":31690263,"first_name":"Fatih Mehmet","last_name":"Harmancı","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FatihMehmetHarmancı","display_name":"Fatih Mehmet Harmancı","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/FatihMehmetHarmanc%C4%B1?f_ri=27384","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/31690263/9899471/43851963/s65_fatih_mehmet.harmanc_.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_44581894 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="44581894"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44581894, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_44581894", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44581894]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_44581894").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_44581894").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="44581894"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11294" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policing_Studies">Policing Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11294" type="text/json">{"id":11294,"name":"Policing Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policing_Studies?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="27384" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Policing">Community Policing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="27384" type="text/json">{"id":27384,"name":"Community Policing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Policing?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="54342" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policing">Policing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="54342" type="text/json">{"id":54342,"name":"Policing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policing?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="77095" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polis">Polis</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="77095" type="text/json">{"id":77095,"name":"Polis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polis?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=44581894]'), work: {"id":44581894,"title":"TOPLUM DESTEKLİ POLİSLİK VE ÖRNEKLERİ, (2014), Terkeşli, R.","created_at":"2020-11-26T08:25:44.501-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/44581894/TOPLUM_DESTEKL%C4%B0_POL%C4%B0SL%C4%B0K_VE_%C3%96RNEKLER%C4%B0_2014_Terke%C5%9Fli_R?f_ri=27384","dom_id":"work_44581894","summary":"Suçun işlenmeden önlenmesi çalışmaları, modern toplumlarda kolluk kuvvetlerinin asli vazifeleri arasında ön plana çıkan görevleri arasındadır. Suçun önlenmesi anlamına gelen proaktif polislik, polisin suç işlenmeden önce harekete geçmesidir. Bu tür polislik, suçla mücadele herkesin sorumluluğu temeline dayanan çok kurumlu yaklaşım ve suçu sosyal bir problem olarak algılayıp kontrolünü de sosyal yöntemlerle mümkün gören önleme stratejilerini de içinde barındıran bir yöntemdir. Bu nedenle, suçla mücadele sorumluluğu, ilgili diğer resmi kurumlar, sivil toplum kuruluşları ve daha genel olarak halkla paylaşılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Toplum Destekli Polislik (TDP) tanımı yapılmış, TDP ortaya çıkışını hazırlayan nedenler ve TDP faaliyetlerinde yöneticilerin rolü belirtilmiş ve TDP faaliyetlerinin faydalarına ilişkin bölüm yazarının bir süre müdürlüğünü yaptığı Diyarbakır TDP Şubesinde kendisinin ve şube personelinin yaşamış olduğu bazı anılara örnek olarak yer verilmiştir. Bahse konu anılarda; toplumda yaşanan bütün sorunları kendi sorunları olarak gören, okula gidemeyen bir çocuğun acısını içinde duyan, evinde şiddet gören kadının feryadını, mağduriyet yaşayan bir ailenin ve sokaklarda yaşama mecburiyetinde kalan kimsesizlerin acısını yüreğinde duyan, sadece bir olay meydana geldiğinde olaya müdahale eden değil, her zaman vatandaşların dertlerine ortak olan, hastalandıklarında geçmiş olsun ziyaretine giden, vefat etmeleri durumunda yakınlarının acılarını paylaşmak için taziye ziyaretinde bulunan, halkın bayramlarına ve özel günlerine katılarak onlarla bütünleşmeye çalışan, suça bulaşan veya bulaşma riski yüksek olan çocuk ve gençlerin tespit edilerek onların nasıl meslek sahibi yapılmaya çalışıldığı ve benzeri konular anlatılmıştır. \n\nALINTILAMA ÖNERİSİ\nTerkeşli, R. (2014), Toplum Destekli Polislik ve Örnekleri , Harmancı, F. M; Gözübenli, M. ve Zengin, C. (Ed.),\"Güvenlik Sektöründe Temel Stratejiler\" içinde (s.57-81). Nobel Yayınevi, ISBN:978-605-133-960-3\n\n\nBİR BÖLÜMÜ BURADA YER ALAN KİTABIN TAMAMINA AŞAĞIDAKİ LİNKLERDENULAŞABİLİRSİNİZ\nhttps://www.academia.edu/43834170/G%C3%BCvenlik_Sekt%C3%B6r%C3%BCnde_Temel_Stratejiler\nhttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/294836329_Guvenlik_Sektorunde_Temel_Stratejiler","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":65039055,"asset_id":44581894,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":31690263,"first_name":"Fatih Mehmet","last_name":"Harmancı","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FatihMehmetHarmancı","display_name":"Fatih Mehmet Harmancı","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/FatihMehmetHarmanc%C4%B1?f_ri=27384","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/31690263/9899471/43851963/s65_fatih_mehmet.harmanc_.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":11294,"name":"Policing Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policing_Studies?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false},{"id":27384,"name":"Community Policing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Policing?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false},{"id":54342,"name":"Policing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policing?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false},{"id":77095,"name":"Polis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polis?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false},{"id":80016,"name":"Police and Policing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Police_and_Policing?f_ri=27384"},{"id":96369,"name":"Yönetim Ve Organizasyon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Yonetim_Ve_Organizasyon?f_ri=27384"},{"id":101622,"name":"Kamu Yönetimi","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kamu_Y%C3%B6netimi?f_ri=27384"},{"id":291788,"name":"Public order policing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_order_policing?f_ri=27384"},{"id":346172,"name":"Community policing and crime","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_policing_and_crime?f_ri=27384"},{"id":425895,"name":"Türk Kamu Yönetimi","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Turk_Kamu_Yonetimi?f_ri=27384"},{"id":1873279,"name":"Toplum Destekli Polislik","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Toplum_Destekli_Polislik?f_ri=27384"},{"id":2389339,"name":"Siyaset Bilimi ve Kamu Yönetimi","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Siyaset_Bilimi_ve_Kamu_Y%C3%B6netimi?f_ri=27384"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_33126862 coauthored" data-work_id="33126862" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33126862/Za_pomo%C4%8D_policiji_pripravljena_prva_generacija_pomo%C5%BEnih_policistov">Za pomoč policiji pripravljena prva generacija pomožnih policistov</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">V prispevku povzemamo sistem intenzivnega 280-urnega osnovnega usposabljanja za delo v prostovoljni službi pomožne policije, ki se je konec leta 2016 po skoraj desetletju premora ponovno vzpostavil v slovenski policiji, predvsem zaradi... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_33126862" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">V prispevku povzemamo sistem intenzivnega 280-urnega osnovnega usposabljanja za delo v prostovoljni službi pomožne policije, ki se je konec leta 2016 po skoraj desetletju premora ponovno vzpostavil v slovenski policiji, predvsem zaradi novih varnostnih izzivov, s katerimi se je Slovenija soočila v preteklih letih. Usposabljanje je razdeljeno na dva dela. Prvi del predstavlja 4-tedensko strokovno teoretično usposabljanje v Vadbenem centru Gotenica, ki je zelo intenzivno in vsebinsko pokriva sledeča področja: policijska pooblastila s praktičnim postopkom; policijska taktika in oborožitev; kriminalistika s kazenskim pravom; prekrškovno pravo; organizacija in naloge policije; informatika in telekomunikacije ter policijska uporaba borilnih veščin. Drugi del usposabljanja je povsem praktične narave in traja dva tedna. Izvaja se na terenu v lokalnem okolju, torej na policijskih postajah po celotni Sloveniji. Po uspešnem zaključku usposabljanja in podpisu 5-letne pogodbe se pomožni policisti razporedijo v matične enote. V primeru vpoklica slednji izvajajo polna policijska pooblastila, vpoklicani pa bodo v primerih, ko bo zaradi nemotenega opravljanja nalog policije treba nadomestiti odsotnost večjega števila aktivnih policistov, ob naravnih in drugih nesrečah, v primerih hujše ogroženosti javne varnosti, za zavarovanje državne meje in v primerih krize oziroma izrednega ali vojnega stanja.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/33126862" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4c0c16c070836d6f22890d95cd082294" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53219209,"asset_id":33126862,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53219209/download_file?st=MTczMjgxNjQzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="65018131" href="https://ef-lj.academia.edu/BojanSkvar%C4%8Da">Bojan Skvarča</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="65018131" type="text/json">{"id":65018131,"first_name":"Bojan","last_name":"Skvarča","domain_name":"ef-lj","page_name":"BojanSkvarča","display_name":"Bojan Skvarča","profile_url":"https://ef-lj.academia.edu/BojanSkvar%C4%8Da?f_ri=27384","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-33126862">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-33126862"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://uni-mb.academia.edu/EmanuelBanutai">Emanuel Banutai</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-33126862'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-33126862').html(); 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container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_33126862 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="33126862"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33126862; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33126862]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_33126862").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_33126862").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="33126862"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="27384" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Policing">Community Policing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="27384" type="text/json">{"id":27384,"name":"Community Policing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Policing?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="80016" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Police_and_Policing">Police and Policing</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="80016" type="text/json">{"id":80016,"name":"Police and Policing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Police_and_Policing?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=33126862]'), work: {"id":33126862,"title":"Za pomoč policiji pripravljena prva generacija pomožnih policistov","created_at":"2017-05-21T08:14:08.194-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/33126862/Za_pomo%C4%8D_policiji_pripravljena_prva_generacija_pomo%C5%BEnih_policistov?f_ri=27384","dom_id":"work_33126862","summary":"V prispevku povzemamo sistem intenzivnega 280-urnega osnovnega usposabljanja za delo v prostovoljni službi pomožne policije, ki se je konec leta 2016 po skoraj desetletju premora ponovno vzpostavil v slovenski policiji, predvsem zaradi novih varnostnih izzivov, s katerimi se je Slovenija soočila v preteklih letih. Usposabljanje je razdeljeno na dva dela. Prvi del predstavlja 4-tedensko strokovno teoretično usposabljanje v Vadbenem centru Gotenica, ki je zelo intenzivno in vsebinsko pokriva sledeča področja: policijska pooblastila s praktičnim postopkom; policijska taktika in oborožitev; kriminalistika s kazenskim pravom; prekrškovno pravo; organizacija in naloge policije; informatika in telekomunikacije ter policijska uporaba borilnih veščin. Drugi del usposabljanja je povsem praktične narave in traja dva tedna. Izvaja se na terenu v lokalnem okolju, torej na policijskih postajah po celotni Sloveniji. Po uspešnem zaključku usposabljanja in podpisu 5-letne pogodbe se pomožni policisti razporedijo v matične enote. V primeru vpoklica slednji izvajajo polna policijska pooblastila, vpoklicani pa bodo v primerih, ko bo zaradi nemotenega opravljanja nalog policije treba nadomestiti odsotnost večjega števila aktivnih policistov, ob naravnih in drugih nesrečah, v primerih hujše ogroženosti javne varnosti, za zavarovanje državne meje in v primerih krize oziroma izrednega ali vojnega stanja. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53219209,"asset_id":33126862,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":65018131,"first_name":"Bojan","last_name":"Skvarča","domain_name":"ef-lj","page_name":"BojanSkvarča","display_name":"Bojan Skvarča","profile_url":"https://ef-lj.academia.edu/BojanSkvar%C4%8Da?f_ri=27384","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":38308,"first_name":"Emanuel","last_name":"Banutai","domain_name":"uni-mb","page_name":"EmanuelBanutai","display_name":"Emanuel Banutai","profile_url":"https://uni-mb.academia.edu/EmanuelBanutai?f_ri=27384","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/38308/12752/132532829/s65_emanuel.banutai.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":27384,"name":"Community Policing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Policing?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false},{"id":80016,"name":"Police and Policing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Police_and_Policing?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_43801752" data-work_id="43801752" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/43801752/Implementing_an_Asset_Based_Approach_A_case_study_of_innovative_community_policing_from_Hawkhill_Scotland">Implementing an Asset Based Approach: A case study of innovative community policing from Hawkhill, Scotland</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This case study reports on an action research project which has been running for 5 years in the deprived area of Hawkhill in Central Scotland. It highlights the steps necessary to move from theory to successful implementation. The case... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_43801752" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This case study reports on an action research project which has been running for 5 years in the deprived area of Hawkhill in Central Scotland. It highlights the steps necessary to move from theory to successful implementation. The case highlights the process and impact of change of a unique initiative as set within the wider framework of Scottish Policing. Through the use of an auto-ethnographic focus it tells the story of an innovative police/partnership policy utilising an asset-based approach for reducing offending, improving health, wellbeing and local community conditions by supporting and building on the assets within the community. It examines how such an approach helped to establish the opportunity for change through connecting people to each other and to create conditions for respectful, meaningful, partnership working where residents are viewed as equal partners who can make a valuable contribution, as opposed to passive recipients of services. The first author undertook this work within a particularly deprived community in central Scotland where life expectancy is significantly lower than elsewhere in the UK and claimants of housing and social benefits are higher than the Scottish average, and violent crime was also identified as being of concern. The case will be of interest to policy makers, theorists and practitioners alike.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/43801752" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6fcf7950a6b4fc52273cbaf9def4daf7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":64119088,"asset_id":43801752,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64119088/download_file?st=MTczMjgxNjQzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="888941" href="https://staffs.academia.edu/RSmith">Robert Smith</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="888941" type="text/json">{"id":888941,"first_name":"Robert","last_name":"Smith","domain_name":"staffs","page_name":"RSmith","display_name":"Robert Smith","profile_url":"https://staffs.academia.edu/RSmith?f_ri=27384","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/888941/324502/8949475/s65_robert.smith.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_43801752 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="43801752"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 43801752, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_43801752", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_43801752 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43801752; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_43801752"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_43801752 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="43801752"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43801752; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43801752]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_43801752").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_43801752").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="43801752"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="27384" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Policing">Community Policing</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="27384" type="text/json">{"id":27384,"name":"Community Policing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Policing?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=43801752]'), work: {"id":43801752,"title":"Implementing an Asset Based Approach: A case study of innovative community policing from Hawkhill, Scotland","created_at":"2020-08-07T03:03:15.292-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/43801752/Implementing_an_Asset_Based_Approach_A_case_study_of_innovative_community_policing_from_Hawkhill_Scotland?f_ri=27384","dom_id":"work_43801752","summary":"This case study reports on an action research project which has been running for 5 years in the deprived area of Hawkhill in Central Scotland. It highlights the steps necessary to move from theory to successful implementation. The case highlights the process and impact of change of a unique initiative as set within the wider framework of Scottish Policing. Through the use of an auto-ethnographic focus it tells the story of an innovative police/partnership policy utilising an asset-based approach for reducing offending, improving health, wellbeing and local community conditions by supporting and building on the assets within the community. It examines how such an approach helped to establish the opportunity for change through connecting people to each other and to create conditions for respectful, meaningful, partnership working where residents are viewed as equal partners who can make a valuable contribution, as opposed to passive recipients of services. The first author undertook this work within a particularly deprived community in central Scotland where life expectancy is significantly lower than elsewhere in the UK and claimants of housing and social benefits are higher than the Scottish average, and violent crime was also identified as being of concern. The case will be of interest to policy makers, theorists and practitioners alike.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":64119088,"asset_id":43801752,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":888941,"first_name":"Robert","last_name":"Smith","domain_name":"staffs","page_name":"RSmith","display_name":"Robert Smith","profile_url":"https://staffs.academia.edu/RSmith?f_ri=27384","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/888941/324502/8949475/s65_robert.smith.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":27384,"name":"Community Policing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Policing?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_34226340" data-work_id="34226340" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34226340/Examining_Neoliberal_Urbanism_and_the_Discursive_Framing_of_Public_Safety_in_Milwaukees_Washington_Park_Neighborhood">Examining Neoliberal Urbanism and the Discursive Framing of Public Safety in Milwaukee's Washington Park Neighborhood</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper inquires into the ways that public safety is represented and framed by the various actors involved in the implementation of the Byrne Criminal Justice Innovation program in Milwaukee's Washington Park neighborhood by looking at... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_34226340" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper inquires into the ways that public safety is represented and framed by the various actors involved in the implementation of the Byrne Criminal Justice Innovation program in Milwaukee's Washington Park neighborhood by looking at the language and ideological frameworks that are presented in press releases, statements/manifestos, planning reports, and solicitation pamphlets. I find a framing of public safety that largely resembles the discourses produced by the neoliberal restructuring of police work of the last several decades. By looking at Washington Park we see a neighborhood whose characteristics, up until very recently, have been largely produced through state neglect and is now facing the extension of state control and governance through the implementation of neoliberal policing strategies.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/34226340" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8fb60179a510c035b8d02cc9facdd2ed" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":54141601,"asset_id":34226340,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54141601/download_file?st=MTczMjgxNjQzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2818619" href="https://uwm.academia.edu/georgeananchev">George Ananchev</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2818619" type="text/json">{"id":2818619,"first_name":"George","last_name":"Ananchev","domain_name":"uwm","page_name":"georgeananchev","display_name":"George Ananchev","profile_url":"https://uwm.academia.edu/georgeananchev?f_ri=27384","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2818619/978875/17573446/s65_george.ananchev.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_34226340 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="34226340"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 34226340, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_34226340", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_34226340 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34226340; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_34226340"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_34226340 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="34226340"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34226340; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=34226340]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_34226340").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_34226340").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="34226340"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="262" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Geography">Human Geography</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="262" type="text/json">{"id":262,"name":"Human Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Geography?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="277" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_Geography">Urban Geography</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="277" type="text/json">{"id":277,"name":"Urban Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_Geography?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3474" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Development">Community Development</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3474" type="text/json">{"id":3474,"name":"Community Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Development?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8206" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Police">Police</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="8206" type="text/json">{"id":8206,"name":"Police","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Police?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=34226340]'), work: {"id":34226340,"title":"Examining Neoliberal Urbanism and the Discursive Framing of Public Safety in Milwaukee's Washington Park Neighborhood","created_at":"2017-08-14T14:30:05.748-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/34226340/Examining_Neoliberal_Urbanism_and_the_Discursive_Framing_of_Public_Safety_in_Milwaukees_Washington_Park_Neighborhood?f_ri=27384","dom_id":"work_34226340","summary":"This paper inquires into the ways that public safety is represented and framed by the various actors involved in the implementation of the Byrne Criminal Justice Innovation program in Milwaukee's Washington Park neighborhood by looking at the language and ideological frameworks that are presented in press releases, statements/manifestos, planning reports, and solicitation pamphlets. I find a framing of public safety that largely resembles the discourses produced by the neoliberal restructuring of police work of the last several decades. By looking at Washington Park we see a neighborhood whose characteristics, up until very recently, have been largely produced through state neglect and is now facing the extension of state control and governance through the implementation of neoliberal policing strategies.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":54141601,"asset_id":34226340,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2818619,"first_name":"George","last_name":"Ananchev","domain_name":"uwm","page_name":"georgeananchev","display_name":"George Ananchev","profile_url":"https://uwm.academia.edu/georgeananchev?f_ri=27384","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2818619/978875/17573446/s65_george.ananchev.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":262,"name":"Human Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Geography?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false},{"id":277,"name":"Urban 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Safety, Police Reform","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Policing_Crime_Prevention_and_Community_Safety_Police_Reform?f_ri=27384"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_71725619" data-work_id="71725619" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/71725619/Who_is_Policing_the_Police_The_Role_of_Parliament_in_Police_Governance_in_Asia_and_Europe">Who is Policing the Police? – The Role of Parliament in Police Governance in Asia and Europe</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm 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class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="48449206" href="https://mindanaogeneralsantoscityu.academia.edu/MarioAguja">Mario J Aguja</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="48449206" type="text/json">{"id":48449206,"first_name":"Mario","last_name":"Aguja","domain_name":"mindanaogeneralsantoscityu","page_name":"MarioAguja","display_name":"Mario J Aguja","profile_url":"https://mindanaogeneralsantoscityu.academia.edu/MarioAguja?f_ri=27384","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/48449206/17705674/19517034/s65_mario.aguja.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_71725619 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="71725619"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong 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Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4486" type="text/json">{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8783" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8783" type="text/json">{"id":8783,"name":"Indonesia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indonesia?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8785" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines">Philippines</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8785" type="text/json">{"id":8785,"name":"Philippines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10993" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Parliamentary_Studies">Parliamentary Studies</a><script 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Aguja","profile_url":"https://mindanaogeneralsantoscityu.academia.edu/MarioAguja?f_ri=27384","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/48449206/17705674/19517034/s65_mario.aguja.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false},{"id":8783,"name":"Indonesia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indonesia?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false},{"id":8785,"name":"Philippines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false},{"id":10993,"name":"Parliamentary Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Parliamentary_Studies?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false},{"id":11294,"name":"Policing Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policing_Studies?f_ri=27384"},{"id":27384,"name":"Community Policing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Policing?f_ri=27384"},{"id":43838,"name":"India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India?f_ri=27384"},{"id":54342,"name":"Policing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policing?f_ri=27384"},{"id":96933,"name":"Politics in Thailand","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Politics_in_Thailand?f_ri=27384"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_12391285" data-work_id="12391285" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12391285/Harte_C_2015_An_Analysis_A_Simple_Psychological_Experiment_Using_the_Insights_of_Theory_of_Mind_Sharrock_and_Coulter_2004_Using_a_Police_Interview_between_George_Stephanopoulos_and_Detective_Darren_Wilson_12345_2015_ARTM_0109_Sociology_of_Mind_Waterford_IT_unpublished">Harte, C (2015) ‘An Analysis: A Simple Psychological Experiment Using the Insights of Theory of Mind: Sharrock and Coulter (2004) Using a Police Interview between George Stephanopoulos and Detective Darren Wilson.', 12345-2015 ARTM-0109 Sociology of Mind, Waterford IT, unpublished </a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In studying the consistencies we find our purpose of establishing the consistencies of how variations of truth are assessed. The methodology used was a threefold assessment of short sections of a recorded interview that was later... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_12391285" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In studying the consistencies we find our purpose of establishing the consistencies of how variations of truth are assessed. <br />The methodology used was a threefold assessment of short sections of a recorded interview that was later publicized. <br />From this we find normative and acceptable consistencies in the methods and responses, and we gain an insight into the internal workings of the law enforcement of law enforcers, supporting our social confidences. <br />In conclusion, the reinstatement of appropriate and correct boundaries are evident.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12391285" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="39a0b5230ee8d760e1b6fd2201cc176f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37639340,"asset_id":12391285,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37639340/download_file?st=MTczMjgxNjQzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3936413" href="https://setu.academia.edu/CathalUahAirtHarte">Cathal I M Ua hAirt (Harte)</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3936413" type="text/json">{"id":3936413,"first_name":"Cathal","last_name":"Ua hAirt (Harte)","domain_name":"setu","page_name":"CathalUahAirtHarte","display_name":"Cathal I M Ua hAirt (Harte)","profile_url":"https://setu.academia.edu/CathalUahAirtHarte?f_ri=27384","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3936413/3445964/4050985/s65_cathal.harte.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_12391285 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="12391285"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12391285, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_12391285", }); 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","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37639340,"asset_id":12391285,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3936413,"first_name":"Cathal","last_name":"Ua hAirt (Harte)","domain_name":"setu","page_name":"CathalUahAirtHarte","display_name":"Cathal I M Ua hAirt (Harte)","profile_url":"https://setu.academia.edu/CathalUahAirtHarte?f_ri=27384","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3936413/3445964/4050985/s65_cathal.harte.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false},{"id":201,"name":"Political Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Sociology?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false},{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false},{"id":244,"name":"Psychoanalysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychoanalysis?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false},{"id":248,"name":"Social Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Psychology?f_ri=27384"},{"id":813,"name":"Political Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Philosophy?f_ri=27384"},{"id":941,"name":"Social Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Policy?f_ri=27384"},{"id":1237,"name":"Social Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Sciences?f_ri=27384"},{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=27384"},{"id":11294,"name":"Policing Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policing_Studies?f_ri=27384"},{"id":17817,"name":"Anthropology of Police \u0026 Policing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology_of_Police_and_Policing?f_ri=27384"},{"id":27384,"name":"Community Policing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Policing?f_ri=27384"},{"id":54342,"name":"Policing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policing?f_ri=27384"},{"id":80016,"name":"Police and Policing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Police_and_Policing?f_ri=27384"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_42059418" data-work_id="42059418" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/42059418/SPRINGER_BRIEFS_IN_CRIMINOLOGY_POLICING_Societal_Implications_of_Community_Oriented_Policing_and_Technology">SPRINGER BRIEFS IN CRIMINOLOGY POLICING Societal Implications of Community- Oriented Policing and Technology</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Neighbourhood Policing Teams (NPTs) were introduced into Dorset in 2006 and neighbourhoods and boundaries were clearly defined through consultation with partners and communities. Dorset Police invested heavily in the creation of these... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_42059418" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Neighbourhood Policing Teams (NPTs) were introduced into Dorset in 2006 and neighbourhoods and boundaries were clearly defined through consultation with partners and communities. Dorset Police invested heavily in the creation of these NPTs across the county, but as Police Forces across England and Wales attempted to deliver their response to public austerity measures from 2010 by introducing change programmes, it is not surprising that these programmes planned to<br />achieve most of their savings by reducing the number of police officers, Police Community Support Officers (PCSOs) and police staff. By August 2013, Dorset Police began to consider ways of improving their operational model of Neighbourhood Policing as they were entering a period of unprecedented challenge and this is when the review (Project Genesis) was initiated.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/42059418" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="286fa4f6353fa0755befedacc3b3a315" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":62185206,"asset_id":42059418,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/62185206/download_file?st=MTczMjgxNjQzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="147077100" href="https://rabdanacademy.academia.edu/JohannesOosthuizen">Johannes P Oosthuizen</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="147077100" type="text/json">{"id":147077100,"first_name":"Johannes","last_name":"Oosthuizen","domain_name":"rabdanacademy","page_name":"JohannesOosthuizen","display_name":"Johannes P Oosthuizen","profile_url":"https://rabdanacademy.academia.edu/JohannesOosthuizen?f_ri=27384","photo":"https://gravatar.com/avatar/34d05c6622e0501b847a35c512212a59?s=65"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_42059418 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="42059418"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 42059418, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_42059418", }); 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Dorset Police invested heavily in the creation of these NPTs across the county, but as Police Forces across England and Wales attempted to deliver their response to public austerity measures from 2010 by introducing change programmes, it is not surprising that these programmes planned to\nachieve most of their savings by reducing the number of police officers, Police Community Support Officers (PCSOs) and police staff. By August 2013, Dorset Police began to consider ways of improving their operational model of Neighbourhood Policing as they were entering a period of unprecedented challenge and this is when the review (Project Genesis) was initiated.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":62185206,"asset_id":42059418,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":147077100,"first_name":"Johannes","last_name":"Oosthuizen","domain_name":"rabdanacademy","page_name":"JohannesOosthuizen","display_name":"Johannes P Oosthuizen","profile_url":"https://rabdanacademy.academia.edu/JohannesOosthuizen?f_ri=27384","photo":"https://gravatar.com/avatar/34d05c6622e0501b847a35c512212a59?s=65"}],"research_interests":[{"id":27384,"name":"Community Policing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Policing?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false},{"id":1309784,"name":"Community Oriented Policing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Oriented_Policing?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_20032800 coauthored" data-work_id="20032800" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/20032800/Patrick_Boucheron_Corey_Robin_Renaud_Paye_L_exercice_de_la_peur_Usages_politiques_d_une_%C3%A9motion_">Patrick Boucheron, Corey Robin, Renaud Paye, "L’exercice de la peur. Usages politiques d’une émotion"</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/20032800" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f6cddc5b811ae7e41b791cec8b08e20e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":40967146,"asset_id":20032800,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40967146/download_file?st=MTczMjgxNjQzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5448192" href="https://frs-fnrs.academia.edu/QuentinVerreycken">Quentin Verreycken</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5448192" type="text/json">{"id":5448192,"first_name":"Quentin","last_name":"Verreycken","domain_name":"frs-fnrs","page_name":"QuentinVerreycken","display_name":"Quentin Verreycken","profile_url":"https://frs-fnrs.academia.edu/QuentinVerreycken?f_ri=27384","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5448192/2393026/87032234/s65_quentin.verreycken.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-20032800">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-20032800"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://uclouvain.academia.edu/LionelFrancou">Lionel Francou</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-20032800'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-20032800').html(); 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Results in terms of the profile of overall Emotional Intelligence Scores and in relation to various socio-demographic variables, domain analysis, and, item analysis are presented and discussed with implications for their training in identified deficit areas or domains in order to optimize their resources for the benefit of police workforce as well as society at large.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/27916820" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="13d80405a1804bfbdd34288ecca6d8b8" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48210186,"asset_id":27916820,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48210186/download_file?st=MTczMjgxNjQzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="7843071" href="https://aiishmysore.academia.edu/SrinivasanVenkatesan">Srinivasan Venkatesan</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="7843071" type="text/json">{"id":7843071,"first_name":"Srinivasan","last_name":"Venkatesan","domain_name":"aiishmysore","page_name":"SrinivasanVenkatesan","display_name":"Srinivasan Venkatesan","profile_url":"https://aiishmysore.academia.edu/SrinivasanVenkatesan?f_ri=27384","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7843071/4997042/5736982/s65_srinivasan.venkatesan.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_27916820 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="27916820"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 27916820, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_27916820", }); 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Results in terms of the profile of overall Emotional Intelligence Scores and in relation to various socio-demographic variables, domain analysis, and, item analysis are presented and discussed with implications for their training in identified deficit areas or domains in order to optimize their resources for the benefit of police workforce as well as society at large.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48210186,"asset_id":27916820,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":7843071,"first_name":"Srinivasan","last_name":"Venkatesan","domain_name":"aiishmysore","page_name":"SrinivasanVenkatesan","display_name":"Srinivasan Venkatesan","profile_url":"https://aiishmysore.academia.edu/SrinivasanVenkatesan?f_ri=27384","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7843071/4997042/5736982/s65_srinivasan.venkatesan.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":189,"name":"Criminology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Criminology?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false},{"id":226,"name":"Clinical Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Psychology?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false},{"id":538,"name":"Police Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Police_Science?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false},{"id":2510,"name":"Correctional Rehabilitation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Correctional_Rehabilitation?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false},{"id":27384,"name":"Community Policing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Policing?f_ri=27384"},{"id":36982,"name":"Police Reform","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Police_Reform?f_ri=27384"},{"id":1013705,"name":"Police Reforms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Police_Reforms?f_ri=27384"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_29718528" data-work_id="29718528" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/29718528/The_New_Community_Policing_Developing_a_Partnership_Based_Theoretical_Foundation">The New Community Policing: Developing a Partnership-Based Theoretical Foundation</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/29718528" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="91dea4dea45904523f91dbfd68074a88" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50170235,"asset_id":29718528,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50170235/download_file?st=MTczMjgxNjQzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="22290315" href="https://uamont.academia.edu/AdamMcKee">Adam J McKee</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="22290315" type="text/json">{"id":22290315,"first_name":"Adam","last_name":"McKee","domain_name":"uamont","page_name":"AdamMcKee","display_name":"Adam J McKee","profile_url":"https://uamont.academia.edu/AdamMcKee?f_ri=27384","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/22290315/6096768/15120113/s65_adam.mckee.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_29718528 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="29718528"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 29718528, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_29718528", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=29718528]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_29718528").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_29718528").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="29718528"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8206" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Police">Police</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8206" type="text/json">{"id":8206,"name":"Police","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Police?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="27384" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Policing">Community Policing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="27384" type="text/json">{"id":27384,"name":"Community Policing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Policing?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="36982" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Police_Reform">Police Reform</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="36982" type="text/json">{"id":36982,"name":"Police Reform","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Police_Reform?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=29718528]'), work: {"id":29718528,"title":"The New Community Policing: Developing a Partnership-Based Theoretical Foundation","created_at":"2016-11-07T11:57:41.592-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/29718528/The_New_Community_Policing_Developing_a_Partnership_Based_Theoretical_Foundation?f_ri=27384","dom_id":"work_29718528","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50170235,"asset_id":29718528,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":22290315,"first_name":"Adam","last_name":"McKee","domain_name":"uamont","page_name":"AdamMcKee","display_name":"Adam J McKee","profile_url":"https://uamont.academia.edu/AdamMcKee?f_ri=27384","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/22290315/6096768/15120113/s65_adam.mckee.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":8206,"name":"Police","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Police?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false},{"id":27384,"name":"Community Policing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Policing?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false},{"id":36982,"name":"Police Reform","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Police_Reform?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_30131957" data-work_id="30131957" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/30131957/Politie_en_professioneel_jongerenwerk_als_partners_A_van_Dijk_and_J_Noorda">Politie en professioneel jongerenwerk als partners - A. van Dijk & J. Noorda</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Politie en professioneel jongerenwerk zijn voorzieningen die veel contact hebben met jeugd. Omdat zij veel te maken hebben met dezelfde doelgroep en vanuit verschillende invalshoeken maatschappelijke jeugdproblematiek proberen te... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_30131957" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Politie en professioneel jongerenwerk zijn voorzieningen die veel contact hebben met jeugd. Omdat zij veel te maken hebben met dezelfde doelgroep en vanuit verschillende invalshoeken maatschappelijke jeugdproblematiek proberen te verhelpen, ligt samenwerking voor de hand. Gezien het verschil in kerntaak en de vaak moeizame verstandhouding tussen jongeren en de politie, ontstaan er knelpunten in de werkverhouding tussen politie en professioneel jongerenwerk. Onvoldoende kennis over mogelijkheden en grenzen van elkaars beroep, gebrek aan contact en vertrouwen en het ontbreken van duidelijkheid over samenwerkingsafspraken, belemmeren een effectieve gezamenlijke aanpak van maatschappelijke jeugdproblematiek. Na een beschrijving van de huidige werkverhouding tussen politie en professioneel jongerenwerk en de knelpunten die daarin ontstaan, volgen adviezen voor een betere samenwerking gebaseerd op relevante literatuur, landelijk en lokaal onderzoek. Heldere afspraken op beleidsniveau uitgedragen in de praktijk, scholing van beide typen professionals over elkaars beroep en structureel contact zijn een stevige basis voor een vruchtbare samenwerking.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/30131957" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2eddd88e25feaa299910f74576a11ee3" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50590827,"asset_id":30131957,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50590827/download_file?st=MTczMjgxNjQzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="39991984" href="https://uu.academia.edu/AnneliekevanDijk">Annelieke van Dijk</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="39991984" type="text/json">{"id":39991984,"first_name":"Annelieke","last_name":"van Dijk","domain_name":"uu","page_name":"AnneliekevanDijk","display_name":"Annelieke van Dijk","profile_url":"https://uu.academia.edu/AnneliekevanDijk?f_ri=27384","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_30131957 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="30131957"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 30131957, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_30131957", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=30131957]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_30131957").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_30131957").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="30131957"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7382" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Youth_Work">Youth Work</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7382" type="text/json">{"id":7382,"name":"Youth Work","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Youth_Work?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="24443" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescence_Psychology_">Adolescence (Psychology)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="24443" type="text/json">{"id":24443,"name":"Adolescence (Psychology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescence_Psychology_?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="27384" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Policing">Community Policing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="27384" type="text/json">{"id":27384,"name":"Community Policing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Policing?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="145768" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Disorder">Public Disorder</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="145768" type="text/json">{"id":145768,"name":"Public Disorder","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Disorder?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=30131957]'), work: {"id":30131957,"title":"Politie en professioneel jongerenwerk als partners - A. van Dijk \u0026 J. Noorda","created_at":"2016-11-28T05:03:34.753-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/30131957/Politie_en_professioneel_jongerenwerk_als_partners_A_van_Dijk_and_J_Noorda?f_ri=27384","dom_id":"work_30131957","summary":"Politie en professioneel jongerenwerk zijn voorzieningen die veel contact hebben met jeugd. Omdat zij veel te maken hebben met dezelfde doelgroep en vanuit verschillende invalshoeken maatschappelijke jeugdproblematiek proberen te verhelpen, ligt samenwerking voor de hand. Gezien het verschil in kerntaak en de vaak moeizame verstandhouding tussen jongeren en de politie, ontstaan er knelpunten in de werkverhouding tussen politie en professioneel jongerenwerk. Onvoldoende kennis over mogelijkheden en grenzen van elkaars beroep, gebrek aan contact en vertrouwen en het ontbreken van duidelijkheid over samenwerkingsafspraken, belemmeren een effectieve gezamenlijke aanpak van maatschappelijke jeugdproblematiek. Na een beschrijving van de huidige werkverhouding tussen politie en professioneel jongerenwerk en de knelpunten die daarin ontstaan, volgen adviezen voor een betere samenwerking gebaseerd op relevante literatuur, landelijk en lokaal onderzoek. Heldere afspraken op beleidsniveau uitgedragen in de praktijk, scholing van beide typen professionals over elkaars beroep en structureel contact zijn een stevige basis voor een vruchtbare samenwerking.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50590827,"asset_id":30131957,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":39991984,"first_name":"Annelieke","last_name":"van Dijk","domain_name":"uu","page_name":"AnneliekevanDijk","display_name":"Annelieke van Dijk","profile_url":"https://uu.academia.edu/AnneliekevanDijk?f_ri=27384","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7382,"name":"Youth Work","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Youth_Work?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false},{"id":24443,"name":"Adolescence (Psychology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescence_Psychology_?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false},{"id":27384,"name":"Community Policing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Policing?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false},{"id":145768,"name":"Public Disorder","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Disorder?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_79596246" data-work_id="79596246" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/79596246/SURVEY_SAYS_POWERFUL_SHERIFFS_SUCCESSFULLY_LIMIT_THE_RISE_OF_CIVILIAN_OVERSIGHT">SURVEY SAYS: POWERFUL SHERIFFS SUCCESSFULLY LIMIT THE RISE OF CIVILIAN OVERSIGHT</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/79596246" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0dc28142b5c88b47bd66128f8f6c01ce" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":86256985,"asset_id":79596246,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/86256985/download_file?st=MTczMjgxNjQzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="153863400" href="https://chicago.academia.edu/SharonFairley">Sharon Fairley</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="153863400" type="text/json">{"id":153863400,"first_name":"Sharon","last_name":"Fairley","domain_name":"chicago","page_name":"SharonFairley","display_name":"Sharon Fairley","profile_url":"https://chicago.academia.edu/SharonFairley?f_ri=27384","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/153863400/67957873/56332276/s65_sharon.fairley.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_79596246 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="79596246"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 79596246, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_79596246", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_79596246 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 79596246; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_79596246"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_79596246 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="79596246"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 79596246; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=79596246]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_79596246").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_79596246").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="79596246"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7562" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Rights">Civil Rights</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7562" type="text/json">{"id":7562,"name":"Civil Rights","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Rights?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="27384" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Policing">Community Policing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="27384" type="text/json">{"id":27384,"name":"Community Policing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Policing?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="36981" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Police_Accountability">Police Accountability</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="36981" type="text/json">{"id":36981,"name":"Police Accountability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Police_Accountability?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="36982" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Police_Reform">Police Reform</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="36982" type="text/json">{"id":36982,"name":"Police Reform","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Police_Reform?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=79596246]'), work: {"id":79596246,"title":"SURVEY SAYS: POWERFUL SHERIFFS SUCCESSFULLY LIMIT THE RISE OF CIVILIAN OVERSIGHT","created_at":"2022-05-21T10:02:25.639-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/79596246/SURVEY_SAYS_POWERFUL_SHERIFFS_SUCCESSFULLY_LIMIT_THE_RISE_OF_CIVILIAN_OVERSIGHT?f_ri=27384","dom_id":"work_79596246","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":86256985,"asset_id":79596246,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":153863400,"first_name":"Sharon","last_name":"Fairley","domain_name":"chicago","page_name":"SharonFairley","display_name":"Sharon Fairley","profile_url":"https://chicago.academia.edu/SharonFairley?f_ri=27384","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/153863400/67957873/56332276/s65_sharon.fairley.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7562,"name":"Civil Rights","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Rights?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false},{"id":27384,"name":"Community Policing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Policing?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false},{"id":36981,"name":"Police Accountability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Police_Accountability?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false},{"id":36982,"name":"Police Reform","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Police_Reform?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false},{"id":330075,"name":"Civilian Oversight","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civilian_Oversight?f_ri=27384"},{"id":413693,"name":"Community Policing, Crime Prevention and Community Safety, Police Reform","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Policing_Crime_Prevention_and_Community_Safety_Police_Reform?f_ri=27384"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_10681994 coauthored" data-work_id="10681994" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/10681994/Kleurenblind_de_criminaliteit_te_lijf_Een_bredere_blik_op_selectief_criminaliteitsbeleid_dan_etnisch_profileren_alleen">Kleurenblind de criminaliteit te lijf? Een bredere blik op selectief criminaliteitsbeleid dan etnisch profileren alleen</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">By rephrasing and reshaping specific criminal justice and security policies, the Dutch government has been struggling for a while in trying to find its course on how to address crime problems in its multicultural society in a politically... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_10681994" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">By rephrasing and reshaping specific criminal justice and security policies, the Dutch government has been struggling for a while in trying to find its course on how to address crime problems in its multicultural society in a politically correct – non discriminatory – way. In this article we focus on government selectivity by examining the development of criminal justice policy in the Netherlands. To what extent does the government take a stand in favor of or against special – and therefore selective – attention for people with a minority background?</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/10681994" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="32245dc82f69c4cef837812d177f7258" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":36588508,"asset_id":10681994,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36588508/download_file?st=MTczMjgxNjQzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5168690" href="https://leidenuniv.academia.edu/MaartjeVanDerWoude">Maartje Van Der Woude</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5168690" type="text/json">{"id":5168690,"first_name":"Maartje","last_name":"Van Der Woude","domain_name":"leidenuniv","page_name":"MaartjeVanDerWoude","display_name":"Maartje Van Der Woude","profile_url":"https://leidenuniv.academia.edu/MaartjeVanDerWoude?f_ri=27384","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5168690/2274067/2657143/s65_maartje.van_der_woude.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-10681994">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-10681994"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://leidenuniv.academia.edu/JoannePVanDerLeun">Joanne P. Van Der Leun</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-10681994'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-10681994').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_10681994 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="10681994"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 10681994, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_10681994", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_10681994 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 10681994; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_10681994"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_10681994 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="10681994"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 10681994; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=10681994]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_10681994").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_10681994").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="10681994"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5453" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race_and_Ethnicity">Race and Ethnicity</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5453" type="text/json">{"id":5453,"name":"Race and Ethnicity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race_and_Ethnicity?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11294" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policing_Studies">Policing Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11294" type="text/json">{"id":11294,"name":"Policing Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policing_Studies?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="27384" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Policing">Community Policing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="27384" type="text/json">{"id":27384,"name":"Community Policing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Policing?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="54342" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policing">Policing</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="54342" type="text/json">{"id":54342,"name":"Policing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policing?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=10681994]'), work: {"id":10681994,"title":"Kleurenblind de criminaliteit te lijf? Een bredere blik op selectief criminaliteitsbeleid dan etnisch profileren alleen","created_at":"2015-02-10T10:53:46.913-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/10681994/Kleurenblind_de_criminaliteit_te_lijf_Een_bredere_blik_op_selectief_criminaliteitsbeleid_dan_etnisch_profileren_alleen?f_ri=27384","dom_id":"work_10681994","summary":"By rephrasing and reshaping specific criminal justice and security policies, the Dutch government has been struggling for a while in trying to find its course on how to address crime problems in its multicultural society in a politically correct – non discriminatory – way. In this article we focus on government selectivity by examining the development of criminal justice policy in the Netherlands. To what extent does the government take a stand in favor of or against special – and therefore selective – attention for people with a minority background?","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":36588508,"asset_id":10681994,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5168690,"first_name":"Maartje","last_name":"Van Der Woude","domain_name":"leidenuniv","page_name":"MaartjeVanDerWoude","display_name":"Maartje Van Der Woude","profile_url":"https://leidenuniv.academia.edu/MaartjeVanDerWoude?f_ri=27384","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5168690/2274067/2657143/s65_maartje.van_der_woude.jpg"},{"id":3877121,"first_name":"Joanne P.","last_name":"Van Der Leun","domain_name":"leidenuniv","page_name":"JoannePVanDerLeun","display_name":"Joanne P. Van Der Leun","profile_url":"https://leidenuniv.academia.edu/JoannePVanDerLeun?f_ri=27384","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3877121/7195689/8101820/s65_joanne_p..van_der_leun.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5453,"name":"Race and Ethnicity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race_and_Ethnicity?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false},{"id":11294,"name":"Policing Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policing_Studies?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false},{"id":27384,"name":"Community Policing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Policing?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false},{"id":54342,"name":"Policing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policing?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false},{"id":136928,"name":"Criminal profiling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Criminal_profiling?f_ri=27384"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_31139379" data-work_id="31139379" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/31139379/Creative_Community_Policing_Initiatives_in_Columbia_South_Carolina">Creative Community Policing Initiatives in Columbia, South Carolina</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This writing, "Creative Community Policing Initiatives in Columbia, South Carolina," appears as Chapter 4 in Dennis Stevens' edited book, Policing and Community Partnerships. To meet the public safety needs of increasingly diverse... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_31139379" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This writing, "Creative Community Policing Initiatives in Columbia, South Carolina," appears as Chapter 4 in Dennis Stevens' edited book, Policing and Community Partnerships.  To meet the public safety needs of increasingly diverse neighborhoods in cities across the nation, creative and innovative community policing initiatives seem to be required to curb and to prevent crimes and related problems and to bridge the gap between the police and citizens through community involvement in policing activities. Community policing is guided by the values of building partnerships, people helping people, and community organizing. In this light, community policing initiatives in Columbia, South Carolina, are characterized by the concept of "shared responsibility." In this chapter, therefore, the creative and innovative community policing initiatives in Columbia, South Carolina, are examined. This discussion thus focuses on questions as they relate to the community initiatives of the Columbia Police Department and the City of Columbia, South Carolina.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/31139379" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1c0a43111c07a8095680a6390e9b1443" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":51573611,"asset_id":31139379,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51573611/download_file?st=MTczMjgxNjQzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="13464851" href="https://um-boston.academia.edu/carroyferguson">carroy ferguson</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="13464851" type="text/json">{"id":13464851,"first_name":"carroy","last_name":"ferguson","domain_name":"um-boston","page_name":"carroyferguson","display_name":"carroy ferguson","profile_url":"https://um-boston.academia.edu/carroyferguson?f_ri=27384","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/13464851/3771911/72157139/s65_carroy.ferguson.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_31139379 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="31139379"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 31139379, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_31139379", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31139379]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_31139379").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_31139379").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="31139379"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">172</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl11x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="128" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History">History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="128" type="text/json">{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="136" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History">Cultural History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="136" type="text/json">{"id":136,"name":"Cultural History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="184" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology">Sociology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="184" type="text/json">{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="188" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies">Cultural Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="188" type="text/json">{"id":188,"name":"Cultural Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=31139379]'), work: {"id":31139379,"title":"Creative Community Policing Initiatives in Columbia, South Carolina","created_at":"2017-01-31T13:45:23.471-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/31139379/Creative_Community_Policing_Initiatives_in_Columbia_South_Carolina?f_ri=27384","dom_id":"work_31139379","summary":"This writing, \"Creative Community Policing Initiatives in Columbia, South Carolina,\" appears as Chapter 4 in Dennis Stevens' edited book, Policing and Community Partnerships. To meet the public safety needs of increasingly diverse neighborhoods in cities across the nation, creative and innovative community policing initiatives seem to be required to curb and to prevent crimes and related problems and to bridge the gap between the police and citizens through community involvement in policing activities. Community policing is guided by the values of building partnerships, people helping people, and community organizing. In this light, community policing initiatives in Columbia, South Carolina, are characterized by the concept of \"shared responsibility.\" In this chapter, therefore, the creative and innovative community policing initiatives in Columbia, South Carolina, are examined. This discussion thus focuses on questions as they relate to the community initiatives of the Columbia Police Department and the City of Columbia, South Carolina.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":51573611,"asset_id":31139379,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":13464851,"first_name":"carroy","last_name":"ferguson","domain_name":"um-boston","page_name":"carroyferguson","display_name":"carroy ferguson","profile_url":"https://um-boston.academia.edu/carroyferguson?f_ri=27384","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/13464851/3771911/72157139/s65_carroy.ferguson.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false},{"id":136,"name":"Cultural 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emotions</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="18442" type="text/json">{"id":18442,"name":"Social emotions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_emotions?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=4351090]'), work: {"id":4351090,"title":"Injustice, Emotions and West Baltimore Collectives (The Wire)","created_at":"2013-08-28T04:45:31.596-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/4351090/Injustice_Emotions_and_West_Baltimore_Collectives_The_Wire_?f_ri=27384","dom_id":"work_4351090","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":31796290,"asset_id":4351090,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3112384,"first_name":"Stephen","last_name":"Rice","domain_name":"seattleu","page_name":"StephenRice","display_name":"Stephen 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href="https://www.academia.edu/37002439/K_P_Marczuk_2014_Zr%C3%B3wnowa%C5%BCone_spo%C5%82eczno%C5%9Bci_lokalne_i_ich_bezpiecze%C5%84stwo_do%C5%9Bwiadczenia_pa%C5%84stw_anglosaskich_Studia_Politologiczne_34_pp_184_210">K.P. Marczuk, 2014. Zrównoważone społeczności lokalne i ich bezpieczeństwo: doświadczenia państw anglosaskich. Studia Politologiczne, 34, pp. 184-210.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">W artykule skoncentrowano się na kategorii społeczności lokalnej, a konkretnie na zrównoważonej społeczności lokalnej (ang. sustainable community), pojęciu, które jest popularne zwłaszcza w państwach anglosaskich. Przedstawiono formy... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37002439" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">W artykule skoncentrowano się na kategorii społeczności lokalnej, a konkretnie na zrównoważonej społeczności lokalnej (ang. sustainable community), pojęciu, które jest popularne zwłaszcza w państwach anglosaskich. Przedstawiono formy współpracy władz z lokalną społecznością w celu poprawy bezpieczeństwa, znajdujące swój wyraz np. w realizacji koncepcji community policing. Badano, w jaki sposób ewoluuje obecnie lokalna społeczność, przywołując kategorię zrównoważonej społeczności lokalnej. Artykuł kończy podsumowanie, zawierające wnioski płynące z przeprowadzonych badań. <br /> <br />Sustainable Communities and Their Safety: Experience of the Anglo-Saxon Countries <br /> <br />The article focuses on the category of the community and sustainable community, the concept that is well-known in the Anglo-Saxon countries. The author has explored forms of cooperation of the community with the local authorities aimed at improving safety such as community policing. The author has elaborated how communities are evolving reaching the category of sustainable communities. The article concludes with a summary containing the final conclusions.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37002439" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="672c0f058f21608f0316b571e8f530ce" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57278003,"asset_id":37002439,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57278003/download_file?st=MTczMjgxNjQzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="82776668" href="https://uw.academia.edu/KarinaMarczuk">Karina Marczuk</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="82776668" type="text/json">{"id":82776668,"first_name":"Karina","last_name":"Marczuk","domain_name":"uw","page_name":"KarinaMarczuk","display_name":"Karina Marczuk","profile_url":"https://uw.academia.edu/KarinaMarczuk?f_ri=27384","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/82776668/19901030/19710295/s65_karina.marczuk.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37002439 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37002439"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37002439, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37002439", }); 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Marczuk, 2014. Zrównoważone społeczności lokalne i ich bezpieczeństwo: doświadczenia państw anglosaskich. Studia Politologiczne, 34, pp. 184-210.","created_at":"2018-07-08T02:09:29.019-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/37002439/K_P_Marczuk_2014_Zr%C3%B3wnowa%C5%BCone_spo%C5%82eczno%C5%9Bci_lokalne_i_ich_bezpiecze%C5%84stwo_do%C5%9Bwiadczenia_pa%C5%84stw_anglosaskich_Studia_Politologiczne_34_pp_184_210?f_ri=27384","dom_id":"work_37002439","summary":"W artykule skoncentrowano się na kategorii społeczności lokalnej, a konkretnie na zrównoważonej społeczności lokalnej (ang. sustainable community), pojęciu, które jest popularne zwłaszcza w państwach anglosaskich. Przedstawiono formy współpracy władz z lokalną społecznością w celu poprawy bezpieczeństwa, znajdujące swój wyraz np. w realizacji koncepcji community policing. Badano, w jaki sposób ewoluuje obecnie lokalna społeczność, przywołując kategorię zrównoważonej społeczności lokalnej. Artykuł kończy podsumowanie, zawierające wnioski płynące z przeprowadzonych badań.\r\n\r\nSustainable Communities and Their Safety: Experience of the Anglo-Saxon Countries\r\n\r\nThe article focuses on the category of the community and sustainable community, the concept that is well-known in the Anglo-Saxon countries. The author has explored forms of cooperation of the community with the local authorities aimed at improving safety such as community policing. The author has elaborated how communities are evolving reaching the category of sustainable communities. 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The Way Forward.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">A 2011 White Paper for USAID about lessons learned with Community Policing in Guatemala and El Salvador, and suggestions for next steps.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/30034104" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="03bc0a31179139742d9944f58e955fc0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50486946,"asset_id":30034104,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50486946/download_file?st=MTczMjgxNjQzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4539552" href="https://independent.academia.edu/GerardMartin1">Gerard Martin PhD</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4539552" type="text/json">{"id":4539552,"first_name":"Gerard","last_name":"Martin PhD","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GerardMartin1","display_name":"Gerard Martin PhD","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GerardMartin1?f_ri=27384","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4539552/124780175/114139909/s65_gerard.martin_phd.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_30034104 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="30034104"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 30034104, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_30034104", }); 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","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50486946,"asset_id":30034104,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4539552,"first_name":"Gerard","last_name":"Martin PhD","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GerardMartin1","display_name":"Gerard Martin PhD","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GerardMartin1?f_ri=27384","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4539552/124780175/114139909/s65_gerard.martin_phd.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":388,"name":"Latin American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_Studies?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false},{"id":4617,"name":"Central American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Central_American_Studies?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false},{"id":7975,"name":"Violence Prevention","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Violence_Prevention?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false},{"id":11294,"name":"Policing Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policing_Studies?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false},{"id":17294,"name":"El Salvador","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/El_Salvador?f_ri=27384"},{"id":26965,"name":"Crime Prevention","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Crime_Prevention?f_ri=27384"},{"id":27384,"name":"Community Policing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Policing?f_ri=27384"},{"id":66905,"name":"Guatemala","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Guatemala?f_ri=27384"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_28757019" data-work_id="28757019" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28757019/Bridging_the_Great_Divide_A_Case_Study_of_Ghana_Community_Policing_as_a_State_Society_Synergetic_Developmental_Approach">Bridging the Great Divide: A Case Study of Ghana Community Policing as a State-Society Synergetic Developmental Approach</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The need for an effective public-private partnership, in which the civil society plays an active role in development agenda, has been stressed upon by researchers and global institutions alike since the 1990. Using the social contract... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_28757019" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The need for an effective public-private partnership, in which the civil society plays an active role in development agenda, has been stressed upon by researchers and global institutions alike since the 1990. Using the social contract theory and the structural functualist theory, the paper reviews existing literature on state-society synergy for development and further draws on the concepts of social capital, complementarity and embeddedness as well as coproduction to examine the Ghana Community Policing System (CPS) as a case study. The paper finds that although the Ghana community policing system is diverse in nature, the applications of these strategies are not necessarily conflictual but complementary. The study concludes that efforts to synergize state and civil society must consider local context in order to develop the most appropriate strategy that will address the specific need of the society to enhance an effective developmental agenda. The finding is a significant contribution to the development literature because it identifies a new developmental approach that highlights collaboration between the state and civil society to address the developmental needs of Ghana and developing countries in general.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/28757019" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f0635320c6219d466714b3c38d8e5626" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49173440,"asset_id":28757019,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49173440/download_file?st=MTczMjgxNjQzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5420020" href="https://uio.academia.edu/EdwinWuadomWarden">Edwin Wuadom Warden</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5420020" type="text/json">{"id":5420020,"first_name":"Edwin","last_name":"Wuadom Warden","domain_name":"uio","page_name":"EdwinWuadomWarden","display_name":"Edwin Wuadom Warden","profile_url":"https://uio.academia.edu/EdwinWuadomWarden?f_ri=27384","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5420020/2382017/7718512/s65_edwin.wuadom_warden.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_28757019 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="28757019"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 28757019, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_28757019", }); 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The finding is a significant contribution to the development literature because it identifies a new developmental approach that highlights collaboration between the state and civil society to address the developmental needs of Ghana and developing countries in general. 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js-work-card work_5074126" data-work_id="5074126" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5074126/Police_deviance_and_community_relations_in_Trinidad_and_Tobago">Police deviance and community relations in Trinidad and Tobago</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/5074126" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6307f5c6dbc0db06c8a86bdc73fac2e2" rel="nofollow" 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Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Criminal_Law-1?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="27384" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Policing">Community Policing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="27384" type="text/json">{"id":27384,"name":"Community Policing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Policing?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="137967" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trinidad_and_Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="137967" type="text/json">{"id":137967,"name":"Trinidad and Tobago","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trinidad_and_Tobago?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=5074126]'), work: {"id":5074126,"title":"Police deviance and community 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scourge of the barrio': Representations of Youth Crime and Policing on Nicaraguan Television News (JLAS)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper explores the meanings that youth crime and policing acquire in the context of their mediated representation on the televised news in Nicaragua. In particular, it explores this question by juxtaposing the televised imagery of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_36843894" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper explores the meanings that youth crime and policing acquire in the context of their mediated representation on the televised news in Nicaragua. In particular, it explores this question by juxtaposing the televised imagery of the apprehended juvenile delinquent with the discursive treatment of his person by both police and reporters on Nicaragua’s most watched news shows, Acción 10 and Crónica TN8. The police are presented as the heroic protagonists who serve and protect the barrio through ‘communitarian policing’ whilst the juvenile delinquent – the ‘pinta’ – is excluded and stigmatised. This turns such youths into socially expendable and ‘tainted, discounted’ outsiders who can be treated as such. In this way, through the news, pintas are targeted for ‘removal’ from the barrio, and their mediated arrests become ‘spectacular performances’ of community. A discrepancy appears, then, between the police’s communitarian discourse and its reactionary practice. <br /> <br />Published in: Journal of Latin American Studies (Cambridge U Press), online 20 April 2018, print version 2019. <br /> <br /><<If you are interested in the article but do not have University Library access to view it, don't hesitate to get in touch with me for a pdf. <a href="mailto:j.h.j.weegels@cedla.nl" rel="nofollow">j.h.j.weegels@cedla.nl</a>>></div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36843894" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="00ee41c151c490fe42c0dc0750c96917" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56795992,"asset_id":36843894,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56795992/download_file?st=MTczMjgxNjQzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33666495" href="https://uva.academia.edu/JulienneWeegels">Julienne Weegels</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33666495" type="text/json">{"id":33666495,"first_name":"Julienne","last_name":"Weegels","domain_name":"uva","page_name":"JulienneWeegels","display_name":"Julienne Weegels","profile_url":"https://uva.academia.edu/JulienneWeegels?f_ri=27384","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33666495/11555233/49268840/s65_julienne.weegels.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_36843894 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="36843894"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36843894, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_36843894", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36843894]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_36843894").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_36843894").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="36843894"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="767" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology">Anthropology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="767" type="text/json">{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="928" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media_Studies">Media Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="928" type="text/json">{"id":928,"name":"Media Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media_Studies?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15363" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Criminology">Cultural Criminology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="15363" type="text/json">{"id":15363,"name":"Cultural Criminology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Criminology?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="27384" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Policing">Community Policing</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="27384" type="text/json">{"id":27384,"name":"Community Policing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Policing?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=36843894]'), work: {"id":36843894,"title":"'The terror and scourge of the barrio': Representations of Youth Crime and Policing on Nicaraguan Television News (JLAS)","created_at":"2018-06-14T08:27:54.678-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/36843894/The_terror_and_scourge_of_the_barrio_Representations_of_Youth_Crime_and_Policing_on_Nicaraguan_Television_News_JLAS_?f_ri=27384","dom_id":"work_36843894","summary":"This paper explores the meanings that youth crime and policing acquire in the context of their mediated representation on the televised news in Nicaragua. In particular, it explores this question by juxtaposing the televised imagery of the apprehended juvenile delinquent with the discursive treatment of his person by both police and reporters on Nicaragua’s most watched news shows, Acción 10 and Crónica TN8. The police are presented as the heroic protagonists who serve and protect the barrio through ‘communitarian policing’ whilst the juvenile delinquent – the ‘pinta’ – is excluded and stigmatised. This turns such youths into socially expendable and ‘tainted, discounted’ outsiders who can be treated as such. In this way, through the news, pintas are targeted for ‘removal’ from the barrio, and their mediated arrests become ‘spectacular performances’ of community. A discrepancy appears, then, between the police’s communitarian discourse and its reactionary practice.\r\n\r\nPublished in: Journal of Latin American Studies (Cambridge U Press), online 20 April 2018, print version 2019.\r\n\r\n\u003c\u003cIf you are interested in the article but do not have University Library access to view it, don't hesitate to get in touch with me for a pdf. j.h.j.weegels@cedla.nl\u003e\u003e","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":56795992,"asset_id":36843894,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33666495,"first_name":"Julienne","last_name":"Weegels","domain_name":"uva","page_name":"JulienneWeegels","display_name":"Julienne Weegels","profile_url":"https://uva.academia.edu/JulienneWeegels?f_ri=27384","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33666495/11555233/49268840/s65_julienne.weegels.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false},{"id":928,"name":"Media Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media_Studies?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false},{"id":15363,"name":"Cultural Criminology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Criminology?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false},{"id":27384,"name":"Community Policing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Policing?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false},{"id":42947,"name":"Youth crime","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Youth_crime?f_ri=27384"},{"id":77813,"name":"Nicaragua","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nicaragua?f_ri=27384"},{"id":80016,"name":"Police and Policing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Police_and_Policing?f_ri=27384"},{"id":86183,"name":"Central America","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Central_America?f_ri=27384"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_2467406" data-work_id="2467406" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2467406/_Los_procesos_de_formaci%C3%B3n_policial_en_Costa_Rica_avances_y_desaf%C3%ADos_pendientes_Revista_de_Ciencias_Econ%C3%B3micas_Universidad_de_Costa_Rica_Volumen_30_N%C3%BAmero_1_Enero_Junio_2012">"Los procesos de formación policial en Costa Rica: avances y desafíos pendientes". Revista de Ciencias Económicas (Universidad de Costa Rica), Volumen 30, Número 1, Enero-Junio 2012.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/2467406" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="02b8f64cc87649b3aad857ed68b48f4e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":30488103,"asset_id":2467406,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/30488103/download_file?st=MTczMjgxNjQzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="944236" href="https://ucr.academia.edu/SergioMoyaMena">Sergio Moya Mena, Phd</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="944236" type="text/json">{"id":944236,"first_name":"Sergio","last_name":"Moya Mena, Phd","domain_name":"ucr","page_name":"SergioMoyaMena","display_name":"Sergio Moya Mena, Phd","profile_url":"https://ucr.academia.edu/SergioMoyaMena?f_ri=27384","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/944236/351011/10137233/s65_sergio.moya_mena_phd.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_2467406 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="2467406"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 2467406, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_2467406", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2467406]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_2467406").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_2467406").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="2467406"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="21713" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Policing">Comparative Policing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="21713" type="text/json">{"id":21713,"name":"Comparative Policing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Policing?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="27384" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Policing">Community Policing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="27384" type="text/json">{"id":27384,"name":"Community Policing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Policing?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="54342" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policing">Policing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="54342" type="text/json">{"id":54342,"name":"Policing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policing?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="998001" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Police_Education">Police Education</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="998001" type="text/json">{"id":998001,"name":"Police Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Police_Education?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=2467406]'), work: {"id":2467406,"title":"\"Los procesos de formación policial en Costa Rica: avances y desafíos pendientes\". Revista de Ciencias Económicas (Universidad de Costa Rica), Volumen 30, Número 1, Enero-Junio 2012.","created_at":"2013-01-26T07:24:07.365-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/2467406/_Los_procesos_de_formaci%C3%B3n_policial_en_Costa_Rica_avances_y_desaf%C3%ADos_pendientes_Revista_de_Ciencias_Econ%C3%B3micas_Universidad_de_Costa_Rica_Volumen_30_N%C3%BAmero_1_Enero_Junio_2012?f_ri=27384","dom_id":"work_2467406","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":30488103,"asset_id":2467406,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":944236,"first_name":"Sergio","last_name":"Moya Mena, Phd","domain_name":"ucr","page_name":"SergioMoyaMena","display_name":"Sergio Moya Mena, Phd","profile_url":"https://ucr.academia.edu/SergioMoyaMena?f_ri=27384","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/944236/351011/10137233/s65_sergio.moya_mena_phd.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":21713,"name":"Comparative Policing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Policing?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false},{"id":27384,"name":"Community Policing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Policing?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false},{"id":54342,"name":"Policing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policing?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false},{"id":998001,"name":"Police Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Police_Education?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_42009411" data-work_id="42009411" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/42009411/Following_their_Lead_Police_Perceptions_and_their_Effects_on_Crime_Prevention">Following their Lead: Police Perceptions and their Effects on Crime Prevention</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This study examines the effect that individuals’ perceptions of police have on their adoption of crime prevention measures. Unlike past research that conceptualized police perceptions as inversely associated with crime prevention, we... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_42009411" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This study examines the effect that individuals’ perceptions of police have on their adoption of crime prevention measures. Unlike past research that conceptualized police perceptions as inversely associated with crime prevention, we introduce a framework that distinguishes between the traditional policing and community policing/procedural justice models. We analyze multilevel data from Canada’s General Social Survey for 13 crime prevention measures (e.g. locking doors, installing burglar alarms), and estimate Item Response Theory models to account for differing levels of difficulty in the implementation of these measures. Results show that the effect of police perceptions on the adoption of crime prevention measures varies by policing model. Residents who have favorable perceptions of the police as to the performance of traditional policing duties are less inclined to take measures against crime. In contrast, those with favorable perceptions of the police as engaging in community policing/procedural justice are more inclined to take such measures.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/42009411" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="146a16462df84fa5bb6730ebe6cfff13" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":62133850,"asset_id":42009411,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/62133850/download_file?st=MTczMjgxNjQzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="37740054" href="https://usf.academia.edu/YongJeiLee">YongJei Lee</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="37740054" type="text/json">{"id":37740054,"first_name":"YongJei","last_name":"Lee","domain_name":"usf","page_name":"YongJeiLee","display_name":"YongJei Lee","profile_url":"https://usf.academia.edu/YongJeiLee?f_ri=27384","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/37740054/10617077/126675905/s65_yongjei.lee.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_42009411 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="42009411"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 42009411, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_42009411", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=42009411]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_42009411").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_42009411").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="42009411"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4887" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Item_Response_Theory">Item Response Theory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4887" type="text/json">{"id":4887,"name":"Item Response Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Item_Response_Theory?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15253" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Procedural_Justice">Procedural Justice</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="15253" type="text/json">{"id":15253,"name":"Procedural Justice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Procedural_Justice?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26965" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Crime_Prevention">Crime Prevention</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="26965" type="text/json">{"id":26965,"name":"Crime Prevention","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Crime_Prevention?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="27384" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Policing">Community Policing</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="27384" type="text/json">{"id":27384,"name":"Community Policing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Policing?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=42009411]'), work: {"id":42009411,"title":"Following their Lead: Police Perceptions and their Effects on Crime Prevention","created_at":"2020-02-18T11:33:27.823-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/42009411/Following_their_Lead_Police_Perceptions_and_their_Effects_on_Crime_Prevention?f_ri=27384","dom_id":"work_42009411","summary":"This study examines the effect that individuals’ perceptions of police have on their adoption of crime prevention measures. Unlike past research that conceptualized police perceptions as inversely associated with crime prevention, we introduce a framework that distinguishes between the traditional policing and community policing/procedural justice models. We analyze multilevel data from Canada’s General Social Survey for 13 crime prevention measures (e.g. locking doors, installing burglar alarms), and estimate Item Response Theory models to account for differing levels of difficulty in the implementation of these measures. Results show that the effect of police perceptions on the adoption of crime prevention measures varies by policing model. Residents who have favorable perceptions of the police as to the performance of traditional policing duties are less inclined to take measures against crime. In contrast, those with favorable perceptions of the police as engaging in community policing/procedural justice are more inclined to take such measures.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":62133850,"asset_id":42009411,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":37740054,"first_name":"YongJei","last_name":"Lee","domain_name":"usf","page_name":"YongJeiLee","display_name":"YongJei Lee","profile_url":"https://usf.academia.edu/YongJeiLee?f_ri=27384","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/37740054/10617077/126675905/s65_yongjei.lee.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4887,"name":"Item Response Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Item_Response_Theory?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false},{"id":15253,"name":"Procedural Justice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Procedural_Justice?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false},{"id":26965,"name":"Crime Prevention","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Crime_Prevention?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false},{"id":27384,"name":"Community Policing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Policing?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false},{"id":2421224,"name":"Public Perceptions of Police","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Perceptions_of_Police?f_ri=27384"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_2103106" data-work_id="2103106" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2103106/Foot_patrol">Foot patrol</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/2103106" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="55460514ebddeda6e1ee83beac9cc844" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":30583409,"asset_id":2103106,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/30583409/download_file?st=MTczMjgxNjQzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2609092" href="https://vuu.academia.edu/VeronykaJamesPhD">Veronyka James, Ph.D.</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2609092" type="text/json">{"id":2609092,"first_name":"Veronyka","last_name":"James, Ph.D.","domain_name":"vuu","page_name":"VeronykaJamesPhD","display_name":"Veronyka James, Ph.D.","profile_url":"https://vuu.academia.edu/VeronykaJamesPhD?f_ri=27384","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_2103106 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="2103106"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 2103106, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_2103106", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_2103106 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2103106; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_2103106"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_2103106 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="2103106"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2103106; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2103106]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_2103106").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_2103106").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="2103106"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="27384" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Policing">Community Policing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="27384" type="text/json">{"id":27384,"name":"Community Policing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Policing?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="38704" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Police_History">Police History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="38704" type="text/json">{"id":38704,"name":"Police History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Police_History?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="80016" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Police_and_Policing">Police and Policing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="80016" type="text/json">{"id":80016,"name":"Police and Policing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Police_and_Policing?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="394880" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Patrol">Patrol</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="394880" type="text/json">{"id":394880,"name":"Patrol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Patrol?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=2103106]'), work: {"id":2103106,"title":"Foot patrol","created_at":"2012-11-07T20:50:33.144-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/2103106/Foot_patrol?f_ri=27384","dom_id":"work_2103106","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":30583409,"asset_id":2103106,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2609092,"first_name":"Veronyka","last_name":"James, Ph.D.","domain_name":"vuu","page_name":"VeronykaJamesPhD","display_name":"Veronyka James, Ph.D.","profile_url":"https://vuu.academia.edu/VeronykaJamesPhD?f_ri=27384","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":27384,"name":"Community Policing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Policing?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false},{"id":38704,"name":"Police History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Police_History?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false},{"id":80016,"name":"Police and Policing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Police_and_Policing?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false},{"id":394880,"name":"Patrol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Patrol?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_3242190" data-work_id="3242190" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3242190/Perceptions_of_Discrimination_and_Justice_in_New_York_City">Perceptions of Discrimination and Justice in New York City</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Purpose – There has been limited analysis on the intersections of race, gender, inequality (e.g. education, income), and procedural/distributive justice and the perceived prevalence of racially biased policing. Using data from a sample of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_3242190" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Purpose – There has been limited analysis on the intersections of race, gender, inequality (e.g. education, income), and procedural/distributive justice and the perceived prevalence of racially biased policing. Using data from a sample of New York City residents who were asked to judge the New York City Police Department on measures related to racially biased policing and to procedural/distributive justice, this paper builds a perception of discrimination composite tied to perceived personal experience with officer bias and to beliefs regarding the perceived prevalence and justification for such behavior. <br /> <br />Design/methodology/approach – First, the bivariate relation between race and the perception of discrimination composite is examined. Then, logistic regression is employed to explain the composite with the complement of demographic and attitudinal variables. Finally, split sample analyses are conducted to examine demographic and attitudinal variables separately for blacks and non-blacks. <br /> <br />Findings – Blacks were three times more likely than non-blacks to perceive that racially biased policing was widespread, unjustified, and personally experienced, and this finding held after controlling for demographic and attitudinal variables. It suggests that the “black effect” operates independently of income and education, raising questions about the claim that race has made way for class in key aspects of social life.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3242190" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="87d36ee5673a987fb302e64ff0f8ec18" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":31100426,"asset_id":3242190,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/31100426/download_file?st=MTczMjgxNjQzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3112384" href="https://seattleu.academia.edu/StephenRice">Stephen Rice</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3112384" type="text/json">{"id":3112384,"first_name":"Stephen","last_name":"Rice","domain_name":"seattleu","page_name":"StephenRice","display_name":"Stephen Rice","profile_url":"https://seattleu.academia.edu/StephenRice?f_ri=27384","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3112384/1022660/1278165/s65_stephen.rice.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_3242190 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="3242190"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 3242190, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_3242190", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_3242190 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 3242190; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_3242190"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_3242190 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="3242190"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 3242190; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=3242190]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_3242190").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_3242190").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="3242190"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8206" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Police">Police</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8206" type="text/json">{"id":8206,"name":"Police","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Police?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14912" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_American_Studies">African American Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="14912" type="text/json">{"id":14912,"name":"African American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_American_Studies?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="27384" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Policing">Community Policing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="27384" type="text/json">{"id":27384,"name":"Community Policing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Policing?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="38170" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Racial_Profiling">Racial Profiling</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="38170" type="text/json">{"id":38170,"name":"Racial Profiling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Racial_Profiling?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=3242190]'), work: {"id":3242190,"title":"Perceptions of Discrimination and Justice in New York City","created_at":"2013-04-08T02:12:03.779-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/3242190/Perceptions_of_Discrimination_and_Justice_in_New_York_City?f_ri=27384","dom_id":"work_3242190","summary":"Purpose – There has been limited analysis on the intersections of race, gender, inequality (e.g. education, income), and procedural/distributive justice and the perceived prevalence of racially biased policing. Using data from a sample of New York City residents who were asked to judge the New York City Police Department on measures related to racially biased policing and to procedural/distributive justice, this paper builds a perception of discrimination composite tied to perceived personal experience with officer bias and to beliefs regarding the perceived prevalence and justification for such behavior.\r\n\r\nDesign/methodology/approach – First, the bivariate relation between race and the perception of discrimination composite is examined. Then, logistic regression is employed to explain the composite with the complement of demographic and attitudinal variables. Finally, split sample analyses are conducted to examine demographic and attitudinal variables separately for blacks and non-blacks.\r\n\r\nFindings – Blacks were three times more likely than non-blacks to perceive that racially biased policing was widespread, unjustified, and personally experienced, and this finding held after controlling for demographic and attitudinal variables. It suggests that the “black effect” operates independently of income and education, raising questions about the claim that race has made way for class in key aspects of social life.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":31100426,"asset_id":3242190,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3112384,"first_name":"Stephen","last_name":"Rice","domain_name":"seattleu","page_name":"StephenRice","display_name":"Stephen Rice","profile_url":"https://seattleu.academia.edu/StephenRice?f_ri=27384","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3112384/1022660/1278165/s65_stephen.rice.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":8206,"name":"Police","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Police?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false},{"id":14912,"name":"African American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_American_Studies?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false},{"id":27384,"name":"Community Policing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Policing?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false},{"id":38170,"name":"Racial Profiling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Racial_Profiling?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false},{"id":80016,"name":"Police and Policing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Police_and_Policing?f_ri=27384"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_49249525" data-work_id="49249525" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/49249525/VIOLENCE_THURGGERY_AND_HOOLIGANISM_IN_NIGERIA_THE_EFFECTS_ON_SECURITY_AND_NATIONAL_DEVELOPMENT">VIOLENCE(THURGGERY AND HOOLIGANISM)IN NIGERIA:THE EFFECTS ON SECURITY AND NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Violence breeds insecurity in Nigeria. Lack of security of lives and property of the citizenry is a severe hindrance to meaningful development. A climate of fear will frighten domestic and foreign investors. At the heart of many of these... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_49249525" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Violence breeds insecurity in Nigeria. Lack of security of lives and property of the citizenry is a severe hindrance to meaningful development. A climate of fear will frighten domestic and foreign investors. At the heart of many of these conflicts is access to resources and control over the distribution of benefits. This struggle for resources has led to a broad sense of insecurity, opportunism, and the pursuit of self-help strategies across the country. Some of the causes of violence include god fatherism, poverty, unemployment, money and politics, corruption, small arms proliferation, the rise of armed groups, religious-based violence, election fraud and etc. These issues represent dividing lines in communities that have led to heightened tensions between and within groups. Therefore, this paper examines the root causes of violence vis-à-vis insecurity, its effects, and proffer strategies that will make Nigeria a safe place to live.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/49249525" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="18681a43b5dd957dc2b11794acdfe183" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":67633691,"asset_id":49249525,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67633691/download_file?st=MTczMjgxNjQzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="125230" href="https://iium.academia.edu/adedejiakeemokemuyiwazakare">adedeji akeem okemuyiwa zakare</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="125230" type="text/json">{"id":125230,"first_name":"adedeji akeem","last_name":"okemuyiwa zakare","domain_name":"iium","page_name":"adedejiakeemokemuyiwazakare","display_name":"adedeji akeem okemuyiwa zakare","profile_url":"https://iium.academia.edu/adedejiakeemokemuyiwazakare?f_ri=27384","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/125230/2659171/19259690/s65_adedeji_akeem.okemuyiwa_zakare.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_49249525 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="49249525"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 49249525, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_49249525", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=49249525]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_49249525").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_49249525").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="49249525"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="534" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law">Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="534" type="text/json">{"id":534,"name":"Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="535" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Criminal_Law-1">Criminal Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="535" type="text/json">{"id":535,"name":"Criminal Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Criminal_Law-1?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2169" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Rights_Law">Human Rights Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2169" type="text/json">{"id":2169,"name":"Human Rights Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Rights_Law?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="27384" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Policing">Community Policing</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="27384" type="text/json">{"id":27384,"name":"Community Policing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Policing?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=49249525]'), work: {"id":49249525,"title":"VIOLENCE(THURGGERY AND HOOLIGANISM)IN NIGERIA:THE EFFECTS ON SECURITY AND NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT","created_at":"2021-06-15T05:54:50.474-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/49249525/VIOLENCE_THURGGERY_AND_HOOLIGANISM_IN_NIGERIA_THE_EFFECTS_ON_SECURITY_AND_NATIONAL_DEVELOPMENT?f_ri=27384","dom_id":"work_49249525","summary":"Violence breeds insecurity in Nigeria. Lack of security of lives and property of the citizenry is a severe hindrance to meaningful development. A climate of fear will frighten domestic and foreign investors. At the heart of many of these conflicts is access to resources and control over the distribution of benefits. This struggle for resources has led to a broad sense of insecurity, opportunism, and the pursuit of self-help strategies across the country. Some of the causes of violence include god fatherism, poverty, unemployment, money and politics, corruption, small arms proliferation, the rise of armed groups, religious-based violence, election fraud and etc. These issues represent dividing lines in communities that have led to heightened tensions between and within groups. Therefore, this paper examines the root causes of violence vis-à-vis insecurity, its effects, and proffer strategies that will make Nigeria a safe place to live.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":67633691,"asset_id":49249525,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":125230,"first_name":"adedeji akeem","last_name":"okemuyiwa zakare","domain_name":"iium","page_name":"adedejiakeemokemuyiwazakare","display_name":"adedeji akeem okemuyiwa zakare","profile_url":"https://iium.academia.edu/adedejiakeemokemuyiwazakare?f_ri=27384","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/125230/2659171/19259690/s65_adedeji_akeem.okemuyiwa_zakare.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":534,"name":"Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false},{"id":535,"name":"Criminal Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Criminal_Law-1?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false},{"id":2169,"name":"Human Rights Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Rights_Law?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false},{"id":27384,"name":"Community Policing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Policing?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false},{"id":54342,"name":"Policing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policing?f_ri=27384"},{"id":80016,"name":"Police and Policing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Police_and_Policing?f_ri=27384"},{"id":291788,"name":"Public order policing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_order_policing?f_ri=27384"},{"id":886102,"name":"Police Intelligence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Police_Intelligence?f_ri=27384"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_34740863" data-work_id="34740863" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34740863/Glasgows_Community_Initiative_to_Reduce_Violence_Glasgow_CIRV_An_example_of_international_criminal_justice_policy_transfer_between_the_USA_and_UK">Glasgow's Community Initiative to Reduce Violence (Glasgow CIRV) – An example of international criminal justice policy transfer between the USA and UK</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In 2007, the Cincinnati Initiative to Reduce Violence, or CIRV, was initiated by the Cincinnati Police Department to tackle the rising problem of gang-member related homicides (Engel et al., 2008). CIRV was an evidence-based, focused... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_34740863" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In 2007, the Cincinnati Initiative to Reduce Violence, or CIRV, was initiated by the Cincinnati Police Department to tackle the rising problem of gang-member related homicides (Engel et al., 2008). CIRV was an evidence-based, focused deterrence strategy developed from the Boston Operation Ceasefire approach to prevent serious gun and gang-related violence (see Braga et al., 1999, 2001; Kennedy, 1996, 1997). This model captured the interest of law enforcement authorities in Glasgow, Scotland, who sought to adopt it as a model to address its persistent gang violence problem (see Davies, 2007, 2013; Kintrea et al., 2010; Patrick, 1973).</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/34740863" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="72b0dd41e88ac8561081c1b0f1479599" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":54598740,"asset_id":34740863,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54598740/download_file?st=MTczMjgxNjQzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="68474443" href="https://independent.academia.edu/WilliamGraham20">William Graham</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="68474443" type="text/json">{"id":68474443,"first_name":"William","last_name":"Graham","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"WilliamGraham20","display_name":"William Graham","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/WilliamGraham20?f_ri=27384","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_34740863 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="34740863"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 34740863, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_34740863", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=34740863]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_34740863").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_34740863").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="34740863"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11294" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policing_Studies">Policing Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11294" type="text/json">{"id":11294,"name":"Policing Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policing_Studies?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="27384" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Policing">Community Policing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="27384" type="text/json">{"id":27384,"name":"Community Policing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Policing?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="36353" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Youth_gangs">Youth gangs</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="36353" type="text/json">{"id":36353,"name":"Youth gangs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Youth_gangs?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="54342" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policing">Policing</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="54342" type="text/json">{"id":54342,"name":"Policing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policing?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=34740863]'), work: {"id":34740863,"title":"Glasgow's Community Initiative to Reduce Violence (Glasgow CIRV) – An example of international criminal justice policy transfer between the USA and UK","created_at":"2017-10-02T04:00:58.057-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/34740863/Glasgows_Community_Initiative_to_Reduce_Violence_Glasgow_CIRV_An_example_of_international_criminal_justice_policy_transfer_between_the_USA_and_UK?f_ri=27384","dom_id":"work_34740863","summary":"In 2007, the Cincinnati Initiative to Reduce Violence, or CIRV, was initiated by the Cincinnati Police Department to tackle the rising problem of gang-member related homicides (Engel et al., 2008). CIRV was an evidence-based, focused deterrence strategy developed from the Boston Operation Ceasefire approach to prevent serious gun and gang-related violence (see Braga et al., 1999, 2001; Kennedy, 1996, 1997). This model captured the interest of law enforcement authorities in Glasgow, Scotland, who sought to adopt it as a model to address its persistent gang violence problem (see Davies, 2007, 2013; Kintrea et al., 2010; Patrick, 1973). ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":54598740,"asset_id":34740863,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":68474443,"first_name":"William","last_name":"Graham","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"WilliamGraham20","display_name":"William Graham","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/WilliamGraham20?f_ri=27384","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":11294,"name":"Policing Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policing_Studies?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false},{"id":27384,"name":"Community Policing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Policing?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false},{"id":36353,"name":"Youth gangs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Youth_gangs?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false},{"id":54342,"name":"Policing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policing?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false},{"id":57195,"name":"Policy Transfer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policy_Transfer?f_ri=27384"},{"id":169246,"name":"Gangs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gangs?f_ri=27384"},{"id":224510,"name":"Street gangs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Street_gangs?f_ri=27384"},{"id":691704,"name":"Adolescent Youth Gangs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent_Youth_Gangs?f_ri=27384"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_43631682" data-work_id="43631682" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/43631682/Community_Policing_Diversity_Engaged_and_Embedded_Multicultural_Community_Policing_DEEM_COP">Community Policing - Diversity Engaged and Embedded Multicultural Community Policing DEEM-COP</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Discrimination in the society and Intersections of Race, Gender, Faith, Caste, Poverty and other forms of Social hierarchies create multiple vulnerabilities which lead to violence, fear and subjugation of individuals and communities. If... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_43631682" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Discrimination in the society and Intersections of Race, Gender, Faith, Caste, Poverty and other forms of Social hierarchies create multiple vulnerabilities which lead to violence, fear and subjugation of individuals and communities. If enough investments are not made in police training and capacity building to get engaged with communities and their ways of life in multicultural social environments , the police service delivery can become biased due to inheritance of wider social; prejudices in policing sub cultures. The police training and capacity building must counter these trends by making efforts in anti prejudice measures, neutralizing the inherent biases and creating a respectful engagement of the police with diversity of social life, human rights of each individual and community. The police practices must co-produce and co-create cultures of community policing which are sustainable examples of democratic policing. The Community Policing approach using an interface with community based groups, recruiting volunteers from the different social groups and minorities  and intensive partnership building with them helps in creating a transparent, socially sustainable and accountable relationship which creates a  acceptable form of multi cultural policing which co produces security and access to justice based outcomes . This approach forms a viable example of 'policing by consent', 'police legitimacy' and 'inter-sectional policing' which can counter 'implicit bias' and build an atmosphere of police trust.  The viability of these community policing solutions are shown through an example of the practices in the state of Madhya Pradesh in India to substantiate a model of multi cultural policing.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/43631682" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="35f212cad3fb61104892b2f21438a9fb" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":63932195,"asset_id":43631682,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63932195/download_file?st=MTczMjgxNjQzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="8716725" href="https://virginia.academia.edu/VineetKapoor">Vineet Kapoor</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="8716725" type="text/json">{"id":8716725,"first_name":"Vineet","last_name":"Kapoor","domain_name":"virginia","page_name":"VineetKapoor","display_name":"Vineet Kapoor","profile_url":"https://virginia.academia.edu/VineetKapoor?f_ri=27384","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8716725/3298175/3881119/s65_vineet.kapoor.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_43631682 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="43631682"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 43631682, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_43631682", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_43631682 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43631682; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_43631682"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_43631682 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="43631682"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43631682; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43631682]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_43631682").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_43631682").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="43631682"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3389" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_studies">Indian studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3389" type="text/json">{"id":3389,"name":"Indian studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_studies?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17123" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Democracy">Democracy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="17123" type="text/json">{"id":17123,"name":"Democracy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Democracy?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="27384" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Policing">Community Policing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="27384" type="text/json">{"id":27384,"name":"Community Policing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Policing?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="37778" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law_Enforcement">Law Enforcement</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="37778" type="text/json">{"id":37778,"name":"Law Enforcement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law_Enforcement?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=43631682]'), work: {"id":43631682,"title":"Community Policing - Diversity Engaged and Embedded Multicultural Community Policing DEEM-COP","created_at":"2020-07-15T16:10:13.466-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/43631682/Community_Policing_Diversity_Engaged_and_Embedded_Multicultural_Community_Policing_DEEM_COP?f_ri=27384","dom_id":"work_43631682","summary":"Discrimination in the society and Intersections of Race, Gender, Faith, Caste, Poverty and other forms of Social hierarchies create multiple vulnerabilities which lead to violence, fear and subjugation of individuals and communities. If enough investments are not made in police training and capacity building to get engaged with communities and their ways of life in multicultural social environments , the police service delivery can become biased due to inheritance of wider social; prejudices in policing sub cultures. The police training and capacity building must counter these trends by making efforts in anti prejudice measures, neutralizing the inherent biases and creating a respectful engagement of the police with diversity of social life, human rights of each individual and community. The police practices must co-produce and co-create cultures of community policing which are sustainable examples of democratic policing. The Community Policing approach using an interface with community based groups, recruiting volunteers from the different social groups and minorities and intensive partnership building with them helps in creating a transparent, socially sustainable and accountable relationship which creates a acceptable form of multi cultural policing which co produces security and access to justice based outcomes . This approach forms a viable example of 'policing by consent', 'police legitimacy' and 'inter-sectional policing' which can counter 'implicit bias' and build an atmosphere of police trust. The viability of these community policing solutions are shown through an example of the practices in the state of Madhya Pradesh in India to substantiate a model of multi cultural policing. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":63932195,"asset_id":43631682,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":8716725,"first_name":"Vineet","last_name":"Kapoor","domain_name":"virginia","page_name":"VineetKapoor","display_name":"Vineet Kapoor","profile_url":"https://virginia.academia.edu/VineetKapoor?f_ri=27384","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8716725/3298175/3881119/s65_vineet.kapoor.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3389,"name":"Indian studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_studies?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false},{"id":17123,"name":"Democracy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Democracy?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false},{"id":27384,"name":"Community Policing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Policing?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false},{"id":37778,"name":"Law Enforcement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law_Enforcement?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false},{"id":48701,"name":"Public Security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Security?f_ri=27384"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_47749118" data-work_id="47749118" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/47749118/COMMUNITY_POLICING_IN_COMPARATIVE_PERSPECTIVE">COMMUNITY POLICING IN COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Community (oriented) policing has become one of the worldwide most popular models of policing. After its initial implementation in many Western countries, community policing has also been transferred to transitional societies often... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_47749118" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Community (oriented) policing has become one of the worldwide most popular models of policing. After its initial implementation in many Western countries, community policing has also been transferred to transitional societies often without strong democratic traditions. The international diffusion of community policing should not make us forget that community policing comes in all shapes and sizes and is highly varied in its operations. After having defined the concept and analyzed its rise in Anglo-American countries, this diversity is illustrated by scrutinizing its implementation in different national configurations: a continental European country relatively open to Anglo-American influences (the Netherlands), socially homogeneous countries with a high level of trust in the police (the Nordic countries), a centralized country with an administrative Napoleonic tradition (France) and post-conflict societies (South Africa and Northern Ireland).</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/47749118" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="bf9e00d4d0e451dca189f502e49ddd02" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":66691311,"asset_id":47749118,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/66691311/download_file?st=MTczMjgxNjQzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="8432332" href="https://uvsq.academia.edu/jacquesdemaillard">Jacques de Maillard</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="8432332" type="text/json">{"id":8432332,"first_name":"Jacques","last_name":"de Maillard","domain_name":"uvsq","page_name":"jacquesdemaillard","display_name":"Jacques de Maillard","profile_url":"https://uvsq.academia.edu/jacquesdemaillard?f_ri=27384","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8432332/10134812/42655673/s65_jacques.de_maillard.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_47749118 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="47749118"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 47749118, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_47749118", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_47749118 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 47749118; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_47749118"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_47749118 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="47749118"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 47749118; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=47749118]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_47749118").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_47749118").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="47749118"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11294" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policing_Studies">Policing Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11294" type="text/json">{"id":11294,"name":"Policing Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policing_Studies?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="27186" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Criminal_Justice">Comparative Criminal Justice</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="27186" type="text/json">{"id":27186,"name":"Comparative Criminal Justice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Criminal_Justice?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="27384" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Policing">Community Policing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="27384" type="text/json">{"id":27384,"name":"Community Policing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Policing?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="80016" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Police_and_Policing">Police and Policing</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="80016" type="text/json">{"id":80016,"name":"Police and Policing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Police_and_Policing?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=47749118]'), work: {"id":47749118,"title":"COMMUNITY POLICING IN COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE","created_at":"2021-04-26T10:21:25.253-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/47749118/COMMUNITY_POLICING_IN_COMPARATIVE_PERSPECTIVE?f_ri=27384","dom_id":"work_47749118","summary":"Community (oriented) policing has become one of the worldwide most popular models of policing. After its initial implementation in many Western countries, community policing has also been transferred to transitional societies often without strong democratic traditions. The international diffusion of community policing should not make us forget that community policing comes in all shapes and sizes and is highly varied in its operations. After having defined the concept and analyzed its rise in Anglo-American countries, this diversity is illustrated by scrutinizing its implementation in different national configurations: a continental European country relatively open to Anglo-American influences (the Netherlands), socially homogeneous countries with a high level of trust in the police (the Nordic countries), a centralized country with an administrative Napoleonic tradition (France) and post-conflict societies (South Africa and Northern Ireland).","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":66691311,"asset_id":47749118,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":8432332,"first_name":"Jacques","last_name":"de Maillard","domain_name":"uvsq","page_name":"jacquesdemaillard","display_name":"Jacques de Maillard","profile_url":"https://uvsq.academia.edu/jacquesdemaillard?f_ri=27384","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8432332/10134812/42655673/s65_jacques.de_maillard.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":11294,"name":"Policing Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policing_Studies?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false},{"id":27186,"name":"Comparative Criminal Justice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Criminal_Justice?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false},{"id":27384,"name":"Community Policing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Policing?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false},{"id":80016,"name":"Police and Policing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Police_and_Policing?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_7593682" data-work_id="7593682" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7593682/Dealing_with_Vigilantism_Issues_and_Lessons_for_the_Police">Dealing with Vigilantism: Issues and Lessons for the Police</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Vigilantes pose an unusual problem for law enforcement agencies. On the one hand, police officers can understand where the vigilantes are coming from and even share some satisfaction in the ad hoc punishment meted out to suspected... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_7593682" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Vigilantes pose an unusual problem for law enforcement agencies. On the one hand, police officers can understand where the vigilantes are coming from and even share some satisfaction in the ad hoc punishment meted out to suspected criminals. On the other hand, vigilantes often break the law in their efforts to punish alleged wrong-doers, and sometimes their perceptions of what constituents deviant behaviour is not shared by the legal system. What then are police officers to do? Do they energetically attempt to arrest and prosecute vigilantes - and risk a backlash of negative publicity in both local and wider communities, or do they quietly tolerate vigilantes, in the hope that they are more likely to do good than harm? This article reviews the causes of vigilantism and the motivations of vigilantes. It highlights a number of case studies of vigilante violence and identifies two critical issues:  first, that vigilantism is a response by individuals who perceive that a serious and genuine problem exists with deviant behaviour; and second, that vigilantism frequently enjoys high levels of local support. The implications of this for policing policy and practice are assessed.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7593682" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="eeca8aec5c061b7b5158e8ae22eac658" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":34146140,"asset_id":7593682,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34146140/download_file?st=MTczMjgxNjQzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="7413156" href="https://royalholloway.academia.edu/AndrewSilke">Andrew Silke</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="7413156" type="text/json">{"id":7413156,"first_name":"Andrew","last_name":"Silke","domain_name":"royalholloway","page_name":"AndrewSilke","display_name":"Andrew Silke","profile_url":"https://royalholloway.academia.edu/AndrewSilke?f_ri=27384","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7413156/2719468/22828755/s65_andrew.silke.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_7593682 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="7593682"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 7593682, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_7593682", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_7593682 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 7593682; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_7593682"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_7593682 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="7593682"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 7593682; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=7593682]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_7593682").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_7593682").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="7593682"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8206" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Police">Police</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8206" type="text/json">{"id":8206,"name":"Police","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Police?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11294" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policing_Studies">Policing Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11294" type="text/json">{"id":11294,"name":"Policing Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policing_Studies?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="27384" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Policing">Community Policing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="27384" type="text/json">{"id":27384,"name":"Community Policing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Policing?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="30462" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vigilantism">Vigilantism</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="30462" type="text/json">{"id":30462,"name":"Vigilantism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vigilantism?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=7593682]'), work: {"id":7593682,"title":"Dealing with Vigilantism: Issues and Lessons for the Police","created_at":"2014-07-07T23:07:06.921-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/7593682/Dealing_with_Vigilantism_Issues_and_Lessons_for_the_Police?f_ri=27384","dom_id":"work_7593682","summary":"Vigilantes pose an unusual problem for law enforcement agencies. On the one hand, police officers can understand where the vigilantes are coming from and even share some satisfaction in the ad hoc punishment meted out to suspected criminals. On the other hand, vigilantes often break the law in their efforts to punish alleged wrong-doers, and sometimes their perceptions of what constituents deviant behaviour is not shared by the legal system. What then are police officers to do? Do they energetically attempt to arrest and prosecute vigilantes - and risk a backlash of negative publicity in both local and wider communities, or do they quietly tolerate vigilantes, in the hope that they are more likely to do good than harm? This article reviews the causes of vigilantism and the motivations of vigilantes. It highlights a number of case studies of vigilante violence and identifies two critical issues: first, that vigilantism is a response by individuals who perceive that a serious and genuine problem exists with deviant behaviour; and second, that vigilantism frequently enjoys high levels of local support. The implications of this for policing policy and practice are assessed.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":34146140,"asset_id":7593682,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":7413156,"first_name":"Andrew","last_name":"Silke","domain_name":"royalholloway","page_name":"AndrewSilke","display_name":"Andrew Silke","profile_url":"https://royalholloway.academia.edu/AndrewSilke?f_ri=27384","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7413156/2719468/22828755/s65_andrew.silke.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":8206,"name":"Police","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Police?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false},{"id":11294,"name":"Policing Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policing_Studies?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false},{"id":27384,"name":"Community Policing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Policing?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false},{"id":30462,"name":"Vigilantism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vigilantism?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false},{"id":605581,"name":"Bystander Intervention","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bystander_Intervention?f_ri=27384"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_35187679" data-work_id="35187679" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35187679/National_Security_and_the_Management_of_Migrant_Labor_A_Case_Study_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates">National Security and the Management of Migrant Labor: A Case Study of the United Arab Emirates</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This article examines the main institutional developments that have accompanied the economic and political changes in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) in the past twenty years. In particular, the different agencies of the UAE's Ministry of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_35187679" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This article examines the main institutional developments that have accompanied the economic and political changes in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) in the past twenty years. In particular, the different agencies of the UAE's Ministry of Interior have taken active roles in responding to the demographic changes and in developing preemptive policing strategies that include community policing, extensive surveillance networks, and increasingly individualized and standardized forms of identification. The paper assesses how that institutional growth has shaped the way the UAE has come to manage its guest worker program over time. It explains how the security apparatus is deployed by the state for managing the criminal and cultural impact of expatriates on the national body politic. On 20 January 2010, Mr. Mahmoud al Mabhouh, a founder of the Hamas military wing, was found dead in his room at the Al Bustan Rotana in Dubai, hours after arriving in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Within a matter of weeks, the Dubai police released the names, pictures and passport copies of the 26 assassins and produced dramatic footage of the hourly breakdown of the incident (Issa, 2010). But perhaps more striking than the assassins' careful</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35187679" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f95eba1d4d665fee930b71590fadee36" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55048463,"asset_id":35187679,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55048463/download_file?st=MTczMjgxNjQzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="26329" href="https://bu.academia.edu/NooraLori">Noora Lori</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="26329" type="text/json">{"id":26329,"first_name":"Noora","last_name":"Lori","domain_name":"bu","page_name":"NooraLori","display_name":"Noora Lori","profile_url":"https://bu.academia.edu/NooraLori?f_ri=27384","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/26329/8592/1673429/s65_noora.lori.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_35187679 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="35187679"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 35187679, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_35187679", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_35187679 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 35187679; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_35187679"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_35187679 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="35187679"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 35187679; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=35187679]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_35187679").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_35187679").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="35187679"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5523" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Security_Studies">Security Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5523" type="text/json">{"id":5523,"name":"Security Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Security_Studies?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14730" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Migration_Studies">Migration Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="14730" type="text/json">{"id":14730,"name":"Migration Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Migration_Studies?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="27384" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Policing">Community Policing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="27384" type="text/json">{"id":27384,"name":"Community Policing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Policing?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="52211" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/United_Arab_Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="52211" type="text/json">{"id":52211,"name":"United Arab Emirates","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/United_Arab_Emirates?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=35187679]'), work: {"id":35187679,"title":"National Security and the Management of Migrant Labor: A Case Study of the United Arab Emirates","created_at":"2017-11-19T05:00:59.043-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/35187679/National_Security_and_the_Management_of_Migrant_Labor_A_Case_Study_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates?f_ri=27384","dom_id":"work_35187679","summary":"This article examines the main institutional developments that have accompanied the economic and political changes in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) in the past twenty years. In particular, the different agencies of the UAE's Ministry of Interior have taken active roles in responding to the demographic changes and in developing preemptive policing strategies that include community policing, extensive surveillance networks, and increasingly individualized and standardized forms of identification. The paper assesses how that institutional growth has shaped the way the UAE has come to manage its guest worker program over time. It explains how the security apparatus is deployed by the state for managing the criminal and cultural impact of expatriates on the national body politic. On 20 January 2010, Mr. Mahmoud al Mabhouh, a founder of the Hamas military wing, was found dead in his room at the Al Bustan Rotana in Dubai, hours after arriving in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Within a matter of weeks, the Dubai police released the names, pictures and passport copies of the 26 assassins and produced dramatic footage of the hourly breakdown of the incident (Issa, 2010). But perhaps more striking than the assassins' careful","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":55048463,"asset_id":35187679,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":26329,"first_name":"Noora","last_name":"Lori","domain_name":"bu","page_name":"NooraLori","display_name":"Noora Lori","profile_url":"https://bu.academia.edu/NooraLori?f_ri=27384","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/26329/8592/1673429/s65_noora.lori.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5523,"name":"Security Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Security_Studies?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false},{"id":14730,"name":"Migration Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Migration_Studies?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false},{"id":27384,"name":"Community Policing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Policing?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false},{"id":52211,"name":"United Arab Emirates","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/United_Arab_Emirates?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false},{"id":83981,"name":"Arabian/Persian Gulf Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabian_Persian_Gulf_Studies?f_ri=27384"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_18915183" data-work_id="18915183" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/18915183/Militarization_and_Policing_Its_Relevance_to_21st_Century_Police">Militarization and Policing -- Its Relevance to 21st Century Police</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This work examines the blurring distinctions between the police and military institutions and between war and law enforcement. In this article, the author asserts that understanding this blur, and the associated organizing concepts... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_18915183" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This work examines the blurring distinctions between the police and military institutions and between war and law enforcement. In this article, the author asserts that understanding this blur, and the associated organizing concepts militarization and militarism, are essential for accurately analyzing the changing nature of security, and the activity of policing, in the late-modern era of the 21st century.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/18915183" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f91f81e2e21fd0d4aa52e884d927a8d6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":40326590,"asset_id":18915183,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40326590/download_file?st=MTczMjgxNjQzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="38992134" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PeterKraska">Peter Kraska</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="38992134" type="text/json">{"id":38992134,"first_name":"Peter","last_name":"Kraska","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PeterKraska","display_name":"Peter Kraska","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PeterKraska?f_ri=27384","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/38992134/10794005/12047854/s65_peter.kraska.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_18915183 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="18915183"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 18915183, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_18915183", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_18915183 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18915183; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_18915183"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_18915183 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="18915183"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18915183; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=18915183]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_18915183").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_18915183").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="18915183"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8206" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Police">Police</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8206" type="text/json">{"id":8206,"name":"Police","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Police?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="25882" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Militarization_and_Power">Militarization & Power</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="25882" type="text/json">{"id":25882,"name":"Militarization \u0026 Power","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Militarization_and_Power?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="27384" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Policing">Community Policing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="27384" type="text/json">{"id":27384,"name":"Community Policing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Policing?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="46647" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Militarism_and_militarization">Militarism and militarization</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="46647" type="text/json">{"id":46647,"name":"Militarism and militarization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Militarism_and_militarization?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=18915183]'), work: {"id":18915183,"title":"Militarization and Policing -- Its Relevance to 21st Century Police","created_at":"2015-11-24T03:38:29.695-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/18915183/Militarization_and_Policing_Its_Relevance_to_21st_Century_Police?f_ri=27384","dom_id":"work_18915183","summary":"This work examines the blurring distinctions between the police and military institutions and between war and law enforcement. In this article, the author asserts that understanding this blur, and the associated organizing concepts militarization and militarism, are essential for accurately analyzing the changing nature of security, and the activity of policing, in the late-modern era of the 21st century.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":40326590,"asset_id":18915183,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":38992134,"first_name":"Peter","last_name":"Kraska","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PeterKraska","display_name":"Peter Kraska","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PeterKraska?f_ri=27384","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/38992134/10794005/12047854/s65_peter.kraska.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":8206,"name":"Police","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Police?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false},{"id":25882,"name":"Militarization \u0026 Power","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Militarization_and_Power?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false},{"id":27384,"name":"Community Policing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Policing?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false},{"id":46647,"name":"Militarism and militarization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Militarism_and_militarization?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false},{"id":80016,"name":"Police and Policing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Police_and_Policing?f_ri=27384"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_72377244" data-work_id="72377244" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/72377244/Crime_Prevention_Through_Community_Policing_Interventions_Evidence_from_Harar_City_Eastern_Ethiopia">Crime Prevention Through Community Policing Interventions: Evidence from Harar City, Eastern Ethiopia</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In Ethiopia, community policing has been announced officially as a national program in 2005 E.C with the impetus to nullify crimes at lower tiers. There have been growing reports of prevailing crimes in Jenila district of Harar city.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_72377244" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In Ethiopia, community policing has been announced officially as a national program in 2005 E.C with the impetus to nullify crimes at lower tiers. There have been growing reports of prevailing crimes in Jenila district of Harar city. Accordingly, this study endeavors to scrutinize the practices of community policing and associated challenges in the study site. A mixed research deign was used to fetch out primary and secondary data sets. Hence, the participants' views were captured through questionnaires, key informant interviews and focused group discussions. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequency, bar graph and percentages. The finding of the study revealed that a greater proportions of the respondents recognized that community policing practices had contributed in preventing crimes; burglary 94 (27%) and robbery 77 (22%) as most frequently recurring and reported types of crimes in the city. While community policing structures and concerned actors operate to smoothly run the programs, there were cropping up predicaments at the grass root levels. Limited awareness among the residents, inadequate financial resources and professionally ill-qualified human power were reported as major obstructions. In the face of increasing crimes, both in terms of intensity and types on the one hand, and intricate challenges to penetrate through on the other hand, the communities of residents aspire to dive deep with a sense of ownership and exploit the opportunities for intensifying the programs stated in community policing programs. Eventually, there was need to move in concerted manner to lessen the impacts of crimes in Jenila district of Harar city.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/72377244" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6d4887a4f953eea80a265cf975387e67" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":81327280,"asset_id":72377244,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/81327280/download_file?st=MTczMjgxNjQzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="154919928" href="https://ugm.academia.edu/Humaniora">Jurnal Humaniora</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="154919928" type="text/json">{"id":154919928,"first_name":"Jurnal","last_name":"Humaniora","domain_name":"ugm","page_name":"Humaniora","display_name":"Jurnal Humaniora","profile_url":"https://ugm.academia.edu/Humaniora?f_ri=27384","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/154919928/43232044/34424873/s65_humaniora.humaniora.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_72377244 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="72377244"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 72377244, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_72377244", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_72377244 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 72377244; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_72377244"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_72377244 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="72377244"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 72377244; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=72377244]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_72377244").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_72377244").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="72377244"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="21361" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="21361" type="text/json">{"id":21361,"name":"Ethiopia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethiopia?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26965" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Crime_Prevention">Crime Prevention</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="26965" type="text/json">{"id":26965,"name":"Crime Prevention","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Crime_Prevention?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="27384" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Policing">Community Policing</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="27384" type="text/json">{"id":27384,"name":"Community Policing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Policing?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=72377244]'), work: {"id":72377244,"title":"Crime Prevention Through Community Policing Interventions: Evidence from Harar City, Eastern Ethiopia","created_at":"2022-02-23T23:53:53.037-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/72377244/Crime_Prevention_Through_Community_Policing_Interventions_Evidence_from_Harar_City_Eastern_Ethiopia?f_ri=27384","dom_id":"work_72377244","summary":"In Ethiopia, community policing has been announced officially as a national program in 2005 E.C with the impetus to nullify crimes at lower tiers. There have been growing reports of prevailing crimes in Jenila district of Harar city. Accordingly, this study endeavors to scrutinize the practices of community policing and associated challenges in the study site. A mixed research deign was used to fetch out primary and secondary data sets. Hence, the participants' views were captured through questionnaires, key informant interviews and focused group discussions. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequency, bar graph and percentages. The finding of the study revealed that a greater proportions of the respondents recognized that community policing practices had contributed in preventing crimes; burglary 94 (27%) and robbery 77 (22%) as most frequently recurring and reported types of crimes in the city. While community policing structures and concerned actors operate to smoothly run the programs, there were cropping up predicaments at the grass root levels. Limited awareness among the residents, inadequate financial resources and professionally ill-qualified human power were reported as major obstructions. In the face of increasing crimes, both in terms of intensity and types on the one hand, and intricate challenges to penetrate through on the other hand, the communities of residents aspire to dive deep with a sense of ownership and exploit the opportunities for intensifying the programs stated in community policing programs. Eventually, there was need to move in concerted manner to lessen the impacts of crimes in Jenila district of Harar city.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":81327280,"asset_id":72377244,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":154919928,"first_name":"Jurnal","last_name":"Humaniora","domain_name":"ugm","page_name":"Humaniora","display_name":"Jurnal Humaniora","profile_url":"https://ugm.academia.edu/Humaniora?f_ri=27384","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/154919928/43232044/34424873/s65_humaniora.humaniora.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":21361,"name":"Ethiopia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethiopia?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false},{"id":26965,"name":"Crime Prevention","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Crime_Prevention?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false},{"id":27384,"name":"Community Policing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Policing?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37426469" data-work_id="37426469" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37426469/Manual_de_seguridad_ciudadana_para_el_profesional_en_la_sociedad_diversa">Manual de seguridad ciudadana para el profesional en la sociedad diversa</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Handbook with the methods to stablish a complete, overarching public safety system adapted to a diverse local community. Manual con los métodos para establecer un sistema de seguridad ciudadana completo e integral adaptado a la... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37426469" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Handbook with the methods to stablish a complete, overarching public safety system adapted to a diverse local community. <br /> <br />Manual con los métodos para establecer un sistema de seguridad ciudadana completo e integral adaptado a la sociedad diversa.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37426469" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a01af8c344efa8c6ef15d8e2cc13736d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57391650,"asset_id":37426469,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57391650/download_file?st=MTczMjgxNjQzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="92056532" href="https://ucm.academia.edu/MIGUELGANDARILLAS">Miguel Angel GANDARILLAS</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="92056532" type="text/json">{"id":92056532,"first_name":"Miguel Angel","last_name":"GANDARILLAS","domain_name":"ucm","page_name":"MIGUELGANDARILLAS","display_name":"Miguel Angel GANDARILLAS","profile_url":"https://ucm.academia.edu/MIGUELGANDARILLAS?f_ri=27384","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/92056532/44183974/34867480/s65_miguel.gandarillas.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37426469 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37426469"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37426469, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37426469", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37426469]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_37426469").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_37426469").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="37426469"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="27384" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Policing">Community Policing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="27384" type="text/json">{"id":27384,"name":"Community Policing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Policing?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="87937" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gobernanza_y_participacion">Gobernanza y participación</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="87937" type="text/json">{"id":87937,"name":"Gobernanza y participación","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gobernanza_y_participacion?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="91464" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Safety">Public Safety</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="91464" type="text/json">{"id":91464,"name":"Public Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Safety?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="200229" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Governance">Community Governance</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="200229" type="text/json">{"id":200229,"name":"Community Governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Governance?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=37426469]'), work: {"id":37426469,"title":"Manual de seguridad ciudadana para el profesional en la sociedad diversa","created_at":"2018-09-16T15:01:41.374-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/37426469/Manual_de_seguridad_ciudadana_para_el_profesional_en_la_sociedad_diversa?f_ri=27384","dom_id":"work_37426469","summary":"Handbook with the methods to stablish a complete, overarching public safety system adapted to a diverse local community.\r\n\r\nManual con los métodos para establecer un sistema de seguridad ciudadana completo e integral adaptado a la sociedad diversa. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57391650,"asset_id":37426469,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":92056532,"first_name":"Miguel Angel","last_name":"GANDARILLAS","domain_name":"ucm","page_name":"MIGUELGANDARILLAS","display_name":"Miguel Angel GANDARILLAS","profile_url":"https://ucm.academia.edu/MIGUELGANDARILLAS?f_ri=27384","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/92056532/44183974/34867480/s65_miguel.gandarillas.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":27384,"name":"Community Policing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Policing?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false},{"id":87937,"name":"Gobernanza y participación","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gobernanza_y_participacion?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false},{"id":91464,"name":"Public Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Safety?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false},{"id":200229,"name":"Community Governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Governance?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false},{"id":227412,"name":"Innovacion En El Sector Publico","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Innovacion_En_El_Sector_Publico?f_ri=27384"},{"id":2489860,"name":"Policiamento Comunitário","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policiamento_Comunit%C3%A1rio?f_ri=27384"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_28226226" data-work_id="28226226" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28226226/Local_security_and_the_un_making_of_public_authority_in_Gulu_northern_Uganda">Local security and the (un)making of public authority in Gulu, northern Uganda</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This article explores the way in which the concept of ‘public’ is continually and unpredictably constituted, redefined, and unmade in Gulu District, northern Uganda. It uses case studies of three local security initiatives and their... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_28226226" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This article explores the way in which the concept of ‘public’ is continually and unpredictably constituted, redefined, and unmade in Gulu District, northern Uganda. It uses case studies of three local security initiatives and their conflicts with state agents to examine how public authorities establish power through a dynamic process of both claiming and denying authority, thereby divesting themselves of responsibility to intervene. It also shows that the state maintains its power over other claimants to public authority such as the local security initiatives by unpredictably shifting the boundary between public and private, and enforcing these seemingly arbitrary definitions with a very real threat of violent force. Together, these two phenomena prevent civilians from developing expectations of public authorities or creating alternative public authorities, which helps to explain the lack of state accountability to citizens in northern Uganda.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/28226226" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="267e935f519d16fc5dcfd72b1f938579" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49475521,"asset_id":28226226,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49475521/download_file?st=MTczMjgxNjQzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="7795930" href="https://graduateinstitute.academia.edu/RebeccaTapscott">Rebecca Tapscott</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="7795930" type="text/json">{"id":7795930,"first_name":"Rebecca","last_name":"Tapscott","domain_name":"graduateinstitute","page_name":"RebeccaTapscott","display_name":"Rebecca Tapscott","profile_url":"https://graduateinstitute.academia.edu/RebeccaTapscott?f_ri=27384","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7795930/8985324/16251334/s65_rebecca.tapscott.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_28226226 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="28226226"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 28226226, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_28226226", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=28226226]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_28226226").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_28226226").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="28226226"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="899" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Legitimacy_and_Authority">Legitimacy and Authority</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="899" type="text/json">{"id":899,"name":"Legitimacy and Authority","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Legitimacy_and_Authority?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5293" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/State_Formation">State Formation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5293" type="text/json">{"id":5293,"name":"State Formation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/State_Formation?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8315" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Local_Government_and_Local_Development">Local Government and Local Development</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8315" type="text/json">{"id":8315,"name":"Local Government and Local Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Local_Government_and_Local_Development?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8828" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Uganda">Uganda</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="8828" type="text/json">{"id":8828,"name":"Uganda","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Uganda?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=28226226]'), work: {"id":28226226,"title":"Local security and the (un)making of public authority in Gulu, northern Uganda","created_at":"2016-09-03T09:03:06.451-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/28226226/Local_security_and_the_un_making_of_public_authority_in_Gulu_northern_Uganda?f_ri=27384","dom_id":"work_28226226","summary":"This article explores the way in which the concept of ‘public’ is continually and unpredictably constituted, redefined, and unmade in Gulu District, northern Uganda. It uses case studies of three local security initiatives and their conflicts with state agents to examine how public authorities establish power through a dynamic process of both claiming and denying authority, thereby divesting themselves of responsibility to intervene. It also shows that the state maintains its power over other claimants to public authority such as the local security initiatives by unpredictably shifting the boundary between public and private, and enforcing these seemingly arbitrary definitions with a very real threat of violent force. Together, these two phenomena prevent civilians from developing expectations of public authorities or creating alternative public authorities, which helps to explain the lack of state accountability to citizens in northern Uganda.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49475521,"asset_id":28226226,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":7795930,"first_name":"Rebecca","last_name":"Tapscott","domain_name":"graduateinstitute","page_name":"RebeccaTapscott","display_name":"Rebecca Tapscott","profile_url":"https://graduateinstitute.academia.edu/RebeccaTapscott?f_ri=27384","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7795930/8985324/16251334/s65_rebecca.tapscott.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":899,"name":"Legitimacy and Authority","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Legitimacy_and_Authority?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false},{"id":5293,"name":"State Formation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/State_Formation?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false},{"id":8315,"name":"Local Government and Local Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Local_Government_and_Local_Development?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false},{"id":8828,"name":"Uganda","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Uganda?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false},{"id":10495,"name":"Nationalism And State Building","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nationalism_And_State_Building?f_ri=27384"},{"id":10672,"name":"State Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/State_Theory?f_ri=27384"},{"id":10678,"name":"Human Security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Security?f_ri=27384"},{"id":19200,"name":"Post-Conflict State Building","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Post-Conflict_State_Building?f_ri=27384"},{"id":27384,"name":"Community Policing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Policing?f_ri=27384"},{"id":172801,"name":"northern Uganda","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/northern_Uganda?f_ri=27384"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_19700526 coauthored" data-work_id="19700526" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/19700526/Evaluer_la_police_dite_de_proximit%C3%A9_Certitudes_et_incertitudes_tir%C3%A9es_des_exp%C3%A9riences_fran%C3%A7aises_Les_Cahiers_de_la_s%C3%A9curit%C3%A9_int%C3%A9rieure_2003">Evaluer la police dite de proximité ? Certitudes et incertitudes tirées des expériences françaises, Les Cahiers de la sécurité intérieure, 2003.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/19700526" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="25598980d6ca89d4227d38a0d4de4a54" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":40792495,"asset_id":19700526,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40792495/download_file?st=MTczMjgxNjQzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4819939" href="https://univ-toulouse.academia.edu/J%C3%A9r%C3%B4meFERRET">Jérôme FERRET</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4819939" type="text/json">{"id":4819939,"first_name":"Jérôme","last_name":"FERRET","domain_name":"univ-toulouse","page_name":"JérômeFERRET","display_name":"Jérôme FERRET","profile_url":"https://univ-toulouse.academia.edu/J%C3%A9r%C3%B4meFERRET?f_ri=27384","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4819939/2058545/12529078/s65_j_r_me.ferret.jpeg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-19700526">+3</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-19700526"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/CarrolTange">Carrol Tange</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/AudreyRabot">Audrey Rabot</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/OlgaZoomer">Olga Zoomer</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-19700526'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-19700526').html(); 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Certitudes et incertitudes tirées des expériences françaises, Les Cahiers de la sécurité intérieure, 2003.","created_at":"2015-12-17T00:37:33.609-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/19700526/Evaluer_la_police_dite_de_proximit%C3%A9_Certitudes_et_incertitudes_tir%C3%A9es_des_exp%C3%A9riences_fran%C3%A7aises_Les_Cahiers_de_la_s%C3%A9curit%C3%A9_int%C3%A9rieure_2003?f_ri=27384","dom_id":"work_19700526","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":40792495,"asset_id":19700526,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4819939,"first_name":"Jérôme","last_name":"FERRET","domain_name":"univ-toulouse","page_name":"JérômeFERRET","display_name":"Jérôme FERRET","profile_url":"https://univ-toulouse.academia.edu/J%C3%A9r%C3%B4meFERRET?f_ri=27384","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4819939/2058545/12529078/s65_j_r_me.ferret.jpeg"},{"id":40606442,"first_name":"Carrol","last_name":"Tange","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"CarrolTange","display_name":"Carrol Tange","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/CarrolTange?f_ri=27384","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":40777450,"first_name":"Audrey","last_name":"Rabot","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AudreyRabot","display_name":"Audrey Rabot","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AudreyRabot?f_ri=27384","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":40554214,"first_name":"Olga","last_name":"Zoomer","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"OlgaZoomer","display_name":"Olga Zoomer","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/OlgaZoomer?f_ri=27384","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false},{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false},{"id":11294,"name":"Policing Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policing_Studies?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false},{"id":27384,"name":"Community Policing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Policing?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_42080615" data-work_id="42080615" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/42080615/When_Soft_Security_Is_Smart_On_the_Importance_of_Building_Strong_Community_Police_Relationships_in_the_Context_of_National_Security">When “Soft Security” Is Smart: On the Importance of Building Strong Community–Police Relationships in the Context of National Security</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/42080615" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e5da5b861782e28302316254e2e5f03d" rel="nofollow" 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}); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_42080615").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="42080615"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8206" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Police">Police</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8206" type="text/json">{"id":8206,"name":"Police","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Police?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9450" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radicalization">Radicalization</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9450" type="text/json">{"id":9450,"name":"Radicalization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radicalization?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26669" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Counter_terrorism">Counter terrorism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="26669" type="text/json">{"id":26669,"name":"Counter terrorism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Counter_terrorism?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="27384" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Policing">Community Policing</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="27384" type="text/json">{"id":27384,"name":"Community Policing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Policing?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=42080615]'), work: {"id":42080615,"title":"When “Soft Security” Is Smart: On the Importance of Building Strong Community–Police Relationships in the Context of National Security","created_at":"2020-02-26T19:29:56.220-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/42080615/When_Soft_Security_Is_Smart_On_the_Importance_of_Building_Strong_Community_Police_Relationships_in_the_Context_of_National_Security?f_ri=27384","dom_id":"work_42080615","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":62209082,"asset_id":42080615,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":7938356,"first_name":"Sandra","last_name":"Bucerius","domain_name":"ualberta","page_name":"SandraBucerius","display_name":"Sandra Bucerius","profile_url":"https://ualberta.academia.edu/SandraBucerius?f_ri=27384","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7938356/2935551/4375171/s65_sandra.bucerius.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":8206,"name":"Police","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Police?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false},{"id":9450,"name":"Radicalization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radicalization?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false},{"id":26669,"name":"Counter terrorism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Counter_terrorism?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false},{"id":27384,"name":"Community Policing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Policing?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false},{"id":195451,"name":"Counter Radicalization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Counter_Radicalization?f_ri=27384"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_50326202" data-work_id="50326202" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/50326202/%CE%9A%CE%BF%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AD%CF%82_%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%81%CF%86%CE%AD%CF%82_%CF%80%CF%81%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%B7%CF%88%CE%B7%CF%82_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%B5%CE%B3%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%AE%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CF%86%CF%8C%CE%B2%CE%BF%CF%85_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%B5%CE%B3%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%AE%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%A4%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AC_%CE%A3%CF%85%CE%BC%CE%B2%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%B1_%CE%A0%CF%81%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%B7%CF%88%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%91%CF%83%CF%84%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%93%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%AC%CF%82_Community_forms_of_prevention_of_crime_and_fear_of_crime_LCCP_and_Police_Neibourhood_Officer">Κοινοτικές’ μορφές πρόληψης του εγκλήματος και του φόβου του εγκλήματος: Τοπικά Συμβούλια Πρόληψης - Αστυνομικός της Γειτονιάς/Community forms of prevention of crime and fear of crime: LCCP and Police Neibourhood Officer</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Contemporary forms of policing of a “community” character are part of the broader “participatοry” crime prevention policy and reflect largely the character of prevention at the local level. Based in partnerships and in the volunteering... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_50326202" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Contemporary forms of policing of a “community” character are part of the broader “participatοry” crime prevention policy and reflect largely the character of prevention at the local level. Based in partnerships and in the volunteering participation of the public –as in the case of Local Crime Prevention Councils – these policies, that have been applied in international level for the last 40 years, are differentiated according to the context in which they take place, accumulating a role of social or situational crime prevention. This framework also includes the forms of community policing or policing of “proximity”, which were implemented in Greece through the neighbourhood policeman scheme. Both these forms of crime and fear of crime prevention that are legislatively implemented in Greece have faced serious difficulties during their implementation, as will be analyzed in the present.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/50326202" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1d626c775e9e916af18a368bd1aa807f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":68355553,"asset_id":50326202,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/68355553/download_file?st=MTczMjgxNjQzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="113500" href="https://220.academia.edu/ChristinaZarafonitou">Christina Zarafonitou</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="113500" type="text/json">{"id":113500,"first_name":"Christina","last_name":"Zarafonitou","domain_name":"220","page_name":"ChristinaZarafonitou","display_name":"Christina Zarafonitou","profile_url":"https://220.academia.edu/ChristinaZarafonitou?f_ri=27384","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/113500/30622/119734504/s65_christina.zarafonitou.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_50326202 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="50326202"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 50326202, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_50326202", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_50326202 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 50326202; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_50326202"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_50326202 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="50326202"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 50326202; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=50326202]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_50326202").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_50326202").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="50326202"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14186" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fear_of_Crime">Fear of Crime</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="14186" type="text/json">{"id":14186,"name":"Fear of Crime","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fear_of_Crime?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26965" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Crime_Prevention">Crime Prevention</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="26965" type="text/json">{"id":26965,"name":"Crime Prevention","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Crime_Prevention?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="27384" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Policing">Community Policing</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="27384" type="text/json">{"id":27384,"name":"Community Policing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Policing?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=50326202]'), work: {"id":50326202,"title":"Κοινοτικές’ μορφές πρόληψης του εγκλήματος και του φόβου του εγκλήματος: Τοπικά Συμβούλια Πρόληψης - Αστυνομικός της Γειτονιάς/Community forms of prevention of crime and fear of crime: LCCP and Police Neibourhood Officer","created_at":"2021-07-28T07:48:18.547-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/50326202/%CE%9A%CE%BF%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AD%CF%82_%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%81%CF%86%CE%AD%CF%82_%CF%80%CF%81%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%B7%CF%88%CE%B7%CF%82_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%B5%CE%B3%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%AE%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CF%86%CF%8C%CE%B2%CE%BF%CF%85_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%B5%CE%B3%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%AE%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%A4%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AC_%CE%A3%CF%85%CE%BC%CE%B2%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%B1_%CE%A0%CF%81%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%B7%CF%88%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%91%CF%83%CF%84%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%93%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%AC%CF%82_Community_forms_of_prevention_of_crime_and_fear_of_crime_LCCP_and_Police_Neibourhood_Officer?f_ri=27384","dom_id":"work_50326202","summary":"Contemporary forms of policing of a “community” character are part of the broader “participatοry” crime prevention policy and reflect largely the character of prevention at the local level. Based in partnerships and in the volunteering participation of the public –as in the case of Local Crime Prevention Councils – these policies, that have been applied in international level for the last 40 years, are differentiated according to the context in which they take place, accumulating a role of social or situational crime prevention. This framework also includes the forms of community policing or policing of “proximity”, which were implemented in Greece through the neighbourhood policeman scheme. Both these forms of crime and fear of crime prevention that are legislatively implemented in Greece have faced serious difficulties during their implementation, as will be analyzed in the present. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":68355553,"asset_id":50326202,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":113500,"first_name":"Christina","last_name":"Zarafonitou","domain_name":"220","page_name":"ChristinaZarafonitou","display_name":"Christina Zarafonitou","profile_url":"https://220.academia.edu/ChristinaZarafonitou?f_ri=27384","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/113500/30622/119734504/s65_christina.zarafonitou.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":14186,"name":"Fear of Crime","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fear_of_Crime?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false},{"id":26965,"name":"Crime Prevention","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Crime_Prevention?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false},{"id":27384,"name":"Community Policing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Policing?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_49096629" data-work_id="49096629" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/49096629/THE_CHALLENGES_OF_COMMUNITY_POLICING_AND_INTERNAL_SECURITY_ARCHITECTURE_IN_NIGERIA_AN_EXPLANATORY_DISCOURSE">THE CHALLENGES OF COMMUNITY POLICING AND INTERNAL SECURITY ARCHITECTURE IN NIGERIA: AN EXPLANATORY DISCOURSE</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This article interrogates the salient factors that hinder the effectiveness of the most desirous community policing architecture in Nigeria. Community policing is a policing philosophy that fosters proactive problem solving of all kinds... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_49096629" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This article interrogates the salient factors that hinder the effectiveness of the most desirous community policing architecture in Nigeria. Community policing is a policing philosophy that fosters proactive problem solving of all kinds of crime through cooperation of the state law enforcement agents with the members of the community. It entails preventing, analysing and combating signs and act of criminality in the community. However, in Nigeria, Community policing is faced with some existential challenges that has made its adoption and operation less effective. This article examines amongst others; police corruption, poor condition of service of the police and the lack of public cooperation, flabby incorporation of ethnic militias popularly known as vigilante, community lack of trust on police as factors militating against the success of community policing in Nigeria. This paper argues that corruption, the improper incorporation of the informal police (Vigilante) and the working conditions and poor remuneration of the Nigeria police, is the reason why community policing is less effective in Nigeria. The article concludes that when these intractable challenges are properly addressed the internal security architecture of Nigeria will be viable enough to combat all forms of crime and foster viable security, sustainable peace and development in society.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/49096629" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="28c11e9d744ff4b9f6ecab153243ed88" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":67491860,"asset_id":49096629,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67491860/download_file?st=MTczMjgxNjQzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5725461" href="https://unical-ng.academia.edu/AugustineAboh">Augustine Aboh</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5725461" type="text/json">{"id":5725461,"first_name":"Augustine","last_name":"Aboh","domain_name":"unical-ng","page_name":"AugustineAboh","display_name":"Augustine Aboh","profile_url":"https://unical-ng.academia.edu/AugustineAboh?f_ri=27384","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5725461/2478226/22725617/s65_augustine.aboh.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_49096629 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="49096629"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 49096629, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_49096629", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_49096629 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49096629; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_49096629"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_49096629 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="49096629"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49096629; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=49096629]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_49096629").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_49096629").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="49096629"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="27384" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Policing">Community Policing</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="27384" type="text/json">{"id":27384,"name":"Community Policing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Policing?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=49096629]'), work: {"id":49096629,"title":"THE CHALLENGES OF COMMUNITY POLICING AND INTERNAL SECURITY ARCHITECTURE IN NIGERIA: AN EXPLANATORY DISCOURSE","created_at":"2021-06-02T05:54:36.182-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/49096629/THE_CHALLENGES_OF_COMMUNITY_POLICING_AND_INTERNAL_SECURITY_ARCHITECTURE_IN_NIGERIA_AN_EXPLANATORY_DISCOURSE?f_ri=27384","dom_id":"work_49096629","summary":"This article interrogates the salient factors that hinder the effectiveness of the most desirous community policing architecture in Nigeria. Community policing is a policing philosophy that fosters proactive problem solving of all kinds of crime through cooperation of the state law enforcement agents with the members of the community. It entails preventing, analysing and combating signs and act of criminality in the community. However, in Nigeria, Community policing is faced with some existential challenges that has made its adoption and operation less effective. This article examines amongst others; police corruption, poor condition of service of the police and the lack of public cooperation, flabby incorporation of ethnic militias popularly known as vigilante, community lack of trust on police as factors militating against the success of community policing in Nigeria. This paper argues that corruption, the improper incorporation of the informal police (Vigilante) and the working conditions and poor remuneration of the Nigeria police, is the reason why community policing is less effective in Nigeria. The article concludes that when these intractable challenges are properly addressed the internal security architecture of Nigeria will be viable enough to combat all forms of crime and foster viable security, sustainable peace and development in society.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":67491860,"asset_id":49096629,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5725461,"first_name":"Augustine","last_name":"Aboh","domain_name":"unical-ng","page_name":"AugustineAboh","display_name":"Augustine Aboh","profile_url":"https://unical-ng.academia.edu/AugustineAboh?f_ri=27384","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5725461/2478226/22725617/s65_augustine.aboh.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":27384,"name":"Community Policing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Policing?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_16783121" data-work_id="16783121" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/16783121/Freedom_Policing_and_Urban_Liberalism_SAGE_Handbook_of_Global_Policing_2016_">Freedom, Policing, and Urban Liberalism (SAGE Handbook of Global Policing, 2016)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">By integrating the sociocultural histories of cities and the institutional histories of urban police forces, this chapter reveals the critical role liberals and police officers played in the post-World War II redefinition of freedom.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_16783121" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">By integrating the sociocultural histories of cities and the institutional histories of urban police forces, this chapter reveals the critical role liberals and police officers played in the post-World War II redefinition of freedom. During the 1950s and 60s, urban liberals used the politics of police discretion to resurrect John Stuart Mill's harm principle. A new generation of cosmopolitan liberals argued that if citizens tolerated cultural, sexual, and racial pluralism, they could unite around their common interest in combating physical harm. Cosmopolitan liberalism appeared in redeveloping cities and extended new liberties to white gays, bohemians, and artists by reducing police discretion. Cosmopolitan liberalism, by contrast, often compelled citizens of color to achieve new freedoms through an expansion of police discretion.<br /><br />Cosmopolitan liberals attempted to realize their vision of freedom through rank-and-file police officers. However, postwar police maintained their own institutional interests and were not reliable arms of the state. This chapter builds upon a governmentality scholarship that blurs the lines between the government and the governed, noting that urban officials had to continually convince the rank and file to implement their visions of liberty. Freedom, this chapter concludes, is best understood as an ongoing process rather than an endpoint.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/16783121" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0b0c5db54fee56fda9c4bd12b8cd4e6b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45882384,"asset_id":16783121,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45882384/download_file?st=MTczMjgxNjQzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="36216130" href="https://ucdenver.academia.edu/ChristopherAgee">Christopher Agee</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="36216130" type="text/json">{"id":36216130,"first_name":"Christopher","last_name":"Agee","domain_name":"ucdenver","page_name":"ChristopherAgee","display_name":"Christopher Agee","profile_url":"https://ucdenver.academia.edu/ChristopherAgee?f_ri=27384","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_16783121 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="16783121"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 16783121, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_16783121", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_16783121 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 16783121; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_16783121"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_16783121 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="16783121"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 16783121; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=16783121]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_16783121").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_16783121").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="16783121"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3410" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_History">Urban History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3410" type="text/json">{"id":3410,"name":"Urban History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_History?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4568" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liberalism">Liberalism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4568" type="text/json">{"id":4568,"name":"Liberalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liberalism?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7978" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_History">Political History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7978" type="text/json">{"id":7978,"name":"Political History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_History?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="24316" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/HIV_AIDS_policy">HIV/AIDS policy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="24316" type="text/json">{"id":24316,"name":"HIV/AIDS policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/HIV_AIDS_policy?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=16783121]'), work: {"id":16783121,"title":"Freedom, Policing, and Urban Liberalism (SAGE Handbook of Global Policing, 2016)","created_at":"2015-10-14T07:37:52.517-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/16783121/Freedom_Policing_and_Urban_Liberalism_SAGE_Handbook_of_Global_Policing_2016_?f_ri=27384","dom_id":"work_16783121","summary":"By integrating the sociocultural histories of cities and the institutional histories of urban police forces, this chapter reveals the critical role liberals and police officers played in the post-World War II redefinition of freedom. During the 1950s and 60s, urban liberals used the politics of police discretion to resurrect John Stuart Mill's harm principle. A new generation of cosmopolitan liberals argued that if citizens tolerated cultural, sexual, and racial pluralism, they could unite around their common interest in combating physical harm. Cosmopolitan liberalism appeared in redeveloping cities and extended new liberties to white gays, bohemians, and artists by reducing police discretion. Cosmopolitan liberalism, by contrast, often compelled citizens of color to achieve new freedoms through an expansion of police discretion.\n\nCosmopolitan liberals attempted to realize their vision of freedom through rank-and-file police officers. However, postwar police maintained their own institutional interests and were not reliable arms of the state. This chapter builds upon a governmentality scholarship that blurs the lines between the government and the governed, noting that urban officials had to continually convince the rank and file to implement their visions of liberty. Freedom, this chapter concludes, is best understood as an ongoing process rather than an endpoint.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45882384,"asset_id":16783121,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":36216130,"first_name":"Christopher","last_name":"Agee","domain_name":"ucdenver","page_name":"ChristopherAgee","display_name":"Christopher Agee","profile_url":"https://ucdenver.academia.edu/ChristopherAgee?f_ri=27384","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3410,"name":"Urban History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_History?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false},{"id":4568,"name":"Liberalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liberalism?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false},{"id":7978,"name":"Political History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_History?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false},{"id":24316,"name":"HIV/AIDS policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/HIV_AIDS_policy?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false},{"id":27384,"name":"Community Policing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Policing?f_ri=27384"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_35874635" data-work_id="35874635" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35874635/Does_Predictive_Policing_Lead_to_Biased_Arrests_Results_from_a_Randomized_Controlled_Trial">Does Predictive Policing Lead to Biased Arrests? Results from a Randomized Controlled Trial</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Racial bias in predictive policing algorithms has been the focus of a number of recent news articles, statements of concern by several national organizations (for example the ACLU and NAACP), and simulation based research. There is... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_35874635" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Racial bias in predictive policing algorithms has been the focus of a number of recent news articles, statements of concern by several national organizations (for example the ACLU and NAACP), and simulation based research. There is reasonable concern that predictive algorithms encourage directed police patrols to target minority communities with discriminatory consequences for minority individuals. However, to date there have been no empirical studies on the bias of predictive algorithms used for police patrol. Here we test for such biases using arrest data from the Los Angeles predictive policing experiments. We find that there were no significant differences in the proportion of arrests by racial-ethnic group between control and treatment conditions. We find that the total numbers of arrests at the division level declined or remained unchanged during predictive policing deployments. Arrests were numerically higher at the algorithmically predicted locations. When adjusted for the higher overall crime rate at algorithmically predicted locations, however, arrests were lower or unchanged.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35874635" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8ab17b0514e17ef09c8dc1c692cd040a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56287077,"asset_id":35874635,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56287077/download_file?st=MTczMjgxNjQzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="26789838" href="https://crimson.academia.edu/MatthewValasik">Matthew Valasik</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="26789838" type="text/json">{"id":26789838,"first_name":"Matthew","last_name":"Valasik","domain_name":"crimson","page_name":"MatthewValasik","display_name":"Matthew Valasik","profile_url":"https://crimson.academia.edu/MatthewValasik?f_ri=27384","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/26789838/7480911/57695372/s65_matthew.valasik.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_35874635 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="35874635"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 35874635, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_35874635", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_35874635 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 35874635; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_35874635"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_35874635 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="35874635"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 35874635; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=35874635]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_35874635").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_35874635").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="35874635"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="189" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Criminology">Criminology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="189" type="text/json">{"id":189,"name":"Criminology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Criminology?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="537" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Criminal_Justice">Criminal Justice</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="537" type="text/json">{"id":537,"name":"Criminal Justice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Criminal_Justice?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="892" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Statistics">Statistics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="892" type="text/json">{"id":892,"name":"Statistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Statistics?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4060" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Statistics">Applied Statistics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4060" type="text/json">{"id":4060,"name":"Applied Statistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Statistics?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=35874635]'), work: {"id":35874635,"title":"Does Predictive Policing Lead to Biased Arrests? Results from a Randomized Controlled Trial","created_at":"2018-02-08T18:43:18.674-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/35874635/Does_Predictive_Policing_Lead_to_Biased_Arrests_Results_from_a_Randomized_Controlled_Trial?f_ri=27384","dom_id":"work_35874635","summary":"Racial bias in predictive policing algorithms has been the focus of a number of recent news articles, statements of concern by several national organizations (for example the ACLU and NAACP), and simulation based research. There is reasonable concern that predictive algorithms encourage directed police patrols to target minority communities with discriminatory consequences for minority individuals. However, to date there have been no empirical studies on the bias of predictive algorithms used for police patrol. Here we test for such biases using arrest data from the Los Angeles predictive policing experiments. We find that there were no significant differences in the proportion of arrests by racial-ethnic group between control and treatment conditions. We find that the total numbers of arrests at the division level declined or remained unchanged during predictive policing deployments. Arrests were numerically higher at the algorithmically predicted locations. When adjusted for the higher overall crime rate at algorithmically predicted locations, however, arrests were lower or unchanged.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":56287077,"asset_id":35874635,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":26789838,"first_name":"Matthew","last_name":"Valasik","domain_name":"crimson","page_name":"MatthewValasik","display_name":"Matthew Valasik","profile_url":"https://crimson.academia.edu/MatthewValasik?f_ri=27384","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/26789838/7480911/57695372/s65_matthew.valasik.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":189,"name":"Criminology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Criminology?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false},{"id":537,"name":"Criminal Justice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Criminal_Justice?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false},{"id":892,"name":"Statistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Statistics?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false},{"id":4060,"name":"Applied Statistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Statistics?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false},{"id":8206,"name":"Police","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Police?f_ri=27384"},{"id":11294,"name":"Policing Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policing_Studies?f_ri=27384"},{"id":27384,"name":"Community Policing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Policing?f_ri=27384"},{"id":35344,"name":"Forecasting and Prediction Tools","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forecasting_and_Prediction_Tools?f_ri=27384"},{"id":51168,"name":"Predictive Analytics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predictive_Analytics?f_ri=27384"},{"id":54342,"name":"Policing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policing?f_ri=27384"},{"id":80016,"name":"Police and Policing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Police_and_Policing?f_ri=27384"},{"id":168613,"name":"Policing and Police Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policing_and_Police_Studies?f_ri=27384"},{"id":183962,"name":"Police Decision-making","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Police_Decision-making?f_ri=27384"},{"id":1723635,"name":"Public Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Policy?f_ri=27384"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_27782710" data-work_id="27782710" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/27782710/Community_Policing_in_England_Wales_And_European_Union_Past_Present_and_Future_pdf">Community Policing in England, Wales, And European Union: Past, Present and Future.pdf</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Abstract Community policing philosophy has become an attractive field within the policing literature, exercised enthusiastically by police forces across England and Wales as a response to police and crime related issues ranging... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_27782710" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Abstract <br />Community  policing  philosophy  has  become  an  attractive  field  within  the policing literature, exercised enthusiastically by police forces across England and Wales as a response to police and crime related issues ranging from poor police-public  relations  to  minor  crime  and  disorder.  This  paper  provides  a  critical appraisal of community participation and problem solving elements of community <br />policing  before  moving  onto  explaining  how  they  have  been  implemented  in England, Wales, and European Union. Finally, this study also highlights that there are  stubborn  and  very  serious  financial,  organisational  and  cultural  challenges regarding  the  successful  application  of  community  policing  schemes  in  England, <br />Wales, and European Union. <br />Keywords:  Community  Oriented  Policing,  Peace-keeping,  'Real'  Policing, Community Partnership, Problem Solving.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/27782710" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c6ef228bb76affd1facf17a281737321" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48063339,"asset_id":27782710,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48063339/download_file?st=MTczMjgxNjQzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="39319033" href="https://ankara.academia.edu/ErcanBalcioglu">Ercan BALCIOĞLU</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="39319033" type="text/json">{"id":39319033,"first_name":"Ercan","last_name":"BALCIOĞLU","domain_name":"ankara","page_name":"ErcanBalcioglu","display_name":"Ercan BALCIOĞLU","profile_url":"https://ankara.academia.edu/ErcanBalcioglu?f_ri=27384","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/39319033/10843571/12102058/s65_ercan.balcioglu.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_27782710 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="27782710"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 27782710, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_27782710", }); 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This paper provides a critical appraisal of community participation and problem solving elements of community \npolicing before moving onto explaining how they have been implemented in England, Wales, and European Union. Finally, this study also highlights that there are stubborn and very serious financial, organisational and cultural challenges regarding the successful application of community policing schemes in England, \nWales, and European Union. \nKeywords: Community Oriented Policing, Peace-keeping, 'Real' Policing, Community Partnership, Problem Solving. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48063339,"asset_id":27782710,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":39319033,"first_name":"Ercan","last_name":"BALCIOĞLU","domain_name":"ankara","page_name":"ErcanBalcioglu","display_name":"Ercan BALCIOĞLU","profile_url":"https://ankara.academia.edu/ErcanBalcioglu?f_ri=27384","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/39319033/10843571/12102058/s65_ercan.balcioglu.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":10347,"name":"European Union","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Union?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false},{"id":27384,"name":"Community Policing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Policing?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false},{"id":30494,"name":"England","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/England?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false},{"id":40867,"name":"United Kingdom","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/United_Kingdom?f_ri=27384","nofollow":false},{"id":80016,"name":"Police and 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policía","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modelos_de_polic%C3%ADa?f_ri=27384"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_12491267 coauthored" data-work_id="12491267" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12491267/From_Warriors_to_Guardians_Recommitting_American_Police_Culture_to_Democratic_Ideals">From Warriors to Guardians: Recommitting American Police Culture to Democratic Ideals</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In a report released by Harvard Kennedy School’s Executive Session on Policing and Public Safety, the case is made for addressing both the internal and external culture of police agencies in order to create a culture that supports a... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_12491267" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In a report released by Harvard Kennedy School’s Executive Session on Policing and Public Safety, the case is made  for addressing both the internal and external culture of police agencies in order to create a culture that supports a guardian mindset. <br /> <br />“The old adage ‘So the station…so the street’ describes how the values demonstrated inside the organization have a powerful influence on police behavior in the community,” the authors argue. “The way leaders exercise their power inside the organization signals to officers how they are expected to use their power on the street. Strict military structure and protocols in many police agencies and training academies are at odds with the concept of internal procedural justice.” <br /> <br />The report, titled “From Warriors to Guardians: Recommitting American Police Culture to Democratic Ideals,” is authored by Sue Rahr and Stephen K. Rice, and was funded by the OJP National Institute of Justice (NIJ). <br /> <br />Rahr and Rice offer concrete ideas and outline a specific example of transforming the organizational culture of a police academy from a military ‘boot camp’ model designed to ensure strict compliance with rules and orders, to a culture based on developing critical-thinking leaders and institutionalizing procedurally just values – toward the mindset of a leader as a guardian. <br /> <br />“The authors’ call for a shift in the police mindset from warriors to guardians of democracy is important and timely,” writes Tracey Meares, the Walton Hale Hamilton Professor of Law at Yale Law School. “Public trust is the cornerstone of public safety, and this brief provides a needed roadmap for agencies seeking to change.” <br /> <br />Charles Beck, Chief of the Los Angeles Police Department comments that, “America's focus is on the legitimacy and efficacy of its police departments. This paper provides clarity to that focus as well as a path forward.  I strongly recommend it as required reading for the police professional.”</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12491267" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="434324d387c569228f299bd732704207" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37691068,"asset_id":12491267,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37691068/download_file?st=MTczMjgxNjQzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="31394099" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SueRahr">Sue Rahr</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="31394099" type="text/json">{"id":31394099,"first_name":"Sue","last_name":"Rahr","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SueRahr","display_name":"Sue Rahr","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SueRahr?f_ri=27384","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-12491267">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-12491267"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://seattleu.academia.edu/StephenRice">Stephen Rice</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-12491267'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-12491267').html(); 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Strict military structure and protocols in many police agencies and training academies are at odds with the concept of internal procedural justice.”\r\n\r\nThe report, titled “From Warriors to Guardians: Recommitting American Police Culture to Democratic Ideals,” is authored by Sue Rahr and Stephen K. 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Reports from Denmark, The Netherlands and the UK</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12415960" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5b81eda6f9723499f09383b443c84dbc" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37653890,"asset_id":12415960,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37653890/download_file?st=MTczMjgxNjQzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="11498717" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AKohl">Andreas Kohl</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="11498717" type="text/json">{"id":11498717,"first_name":"Andreas","last_name":"Kohl","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AKohl","display_name":"Andreas Kohl","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AKohl?f_ri=27384","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/11498717/6217505/10193562/s65_andreas.kohl.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_12415960 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="12415960"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12415960, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_12415960", }); 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