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overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; }</style><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><div class="u-floatLeft"><h1 class="PageHeader-title u-m0x u-fs30">Race and Ethnicity</h1><div class="u-tcGrayDark">180,984 Followers</div><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-mt2x">Recent papers in <b>Race and Ethnicity</b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline u-displayFlex"><li class="active"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race_and_Ethnicity">Top Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race_and_Ethnicity/MostCited">Most Cited Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race_and_Ethnicity/MostDownloaded">Most Downloaded Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race_and_Ethnicity/MostRecent">Newest Papers</a></li><li><a class="" href="https://www.academia.edu/People/Race_and_Ethnicity">People</a></li></ul></div><style type="text/css">ul.nav{flex-direction:row}@media(max-width: 567px){ul.nav{flex-direction:column}.TabbedNavigation li{max-width:100%}.TabbedNavigation li.active{background-color:var(--background-grey, #dddde2)}.TabbedNavigation li.active:before,.TabbedNavigation li.active:after{display:none}}</style></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><div class="u-displayFlex"><div class="u-flexGrow1"><div class="works"><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_8705208" data-work_id="8705208" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8705208/The_Integration_Matrix_Reloaded_From_Ethnic_Fixations_to_Established_Versus_Outsiders_Dynamics_in_the_Netherlands_J_of_Ethnicity_and_Migration_with_Barak_Kalir_">The Integration Matrix Reloaded: From Ethnic Fixations to Established Versus Outsiders Dynamics in the Netherlands (J of Ethnicity and Migration, with Barak Kalir)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In the Netherlands, there is increasingly critical debate about the government’s top- down ethnic categorisation procedures and the assumption that analyses of integration should be based on internally homogeneous (and dichotomous)... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_8705208" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In the Netherlands, there is increasingly critical debate about the government’s top- down ethnic categorisation procedures and the assumption that analyses of integration should be based on internally homogeneous (and dichotomous) ethno-cultural blocks. While concerns about the ageing approach mount, no unified alternative framework has emerged. Informed by Brubaker’s work on ‘groupism’, we provide an account of the currently dominant approach and outline an alternative vision of social divisions, exclusion and inclusion. More specifically, we offer a framework that can help researchers consider easing away from ethnic reification (as well as from the attendant analytic promotion of highly subjective notions such as ‘ethnic groups’) and towards analyses founded on more objective, ‘first-order’ social scientific categories. Making use of Elias’s work on established and outsider dynamics, and dealing substantively with education, we flesh out how an alternative approach to in- and exclusion in contemporary Dutch society might be put to use. The goal, in short, is to assist researchers interested in a path leading to more grounded, relational and processual approaches to integration.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/8705208" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0fe993ad57fc4474de9b31e4e51df168" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":35056965,"asset_id":8705208,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/35056965/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NTU0Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="18265398" href="https://uva.academia.edu/BowenPaulle">Bowen Paulle</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="18265398" type="text/json">{"id":18265398,"first_name":"Bowen","last_name":"Paulle","domain_name":"uva","page_name":"BowenPaulle","display_name":"Bowen Paulle","profile_url":"https://uva.academia.edu/BowenPaulle?f_ri=5453","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/18265398/5110144/5857097/s65_bowen.paulle.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_8705208 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="8705208"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 8705208, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_8705208", }); 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While concerns about the ageing approach mount, no unified alternative framework has emerged. Informed by Brubaker’s work on ‘groupism’, we provide an account of the currently dominant approach and outline an alternative vision of social divisions, exclusion and inclusion. More specifically, we offer a framework that can help researchers consider easing away from ethnic reification (as well as from the attendant analytic promotion of highly subjective notions such as ‘ethnic groups’) and towards analyses founded on more objective, ‘first-order’ social scientific categories. Making use of Elias’s work on established and outsider dynamics, and dealing substantively with education, we flesh out how an alternative approach to in- and exclusion in contemporary Dutch society might be put to use. The goal, in short, is to assist researchers interested in a path leading to more grounded, relational and processual approaches to integration.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":35056965,"asset_id":8705208,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":18265398,"first_name":"Bowen","last_name":"Paulle","domain_name":"uva","page_name":"BowenPaulle","display_name":"Bowen Paulle","profile_url":"https://uva.academia.edu/BowenPaulle?f_ri=5453","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/18265398/5110144/5857097/s65_bowen.paulle.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5453,"name":"Race and Ethnicity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race_and_Ethnicity?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false},{"id":9214,"name":"Essentialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Essentialism?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false},{"id":14730,"name":"Migration Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Migration_Studies?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false},{"id":99915,"name":"Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integration?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false},{"id":169804,"name":"The Netherlands","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Netherlands?f_ri=5453"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_49049179" data-work_id="49049179" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/49049179/Gypsy_Music_Romani_Jazz_Patterns_of_the_Cultural_Heritage_and_Social_Status_of_Gypsy_Musicians">Gypsy Music – Romani Jazz Patterns of the Cultural Heritage and Social Status of Gypsy Musicians</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Ever since jazz appeared in Hungary in the 1920s, it has entered an interaction with Gypsymusic of the coffee houses, which has been practised by the Romani minority as an urban, folkloristic, popular style of music. Instances when the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_49049179" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Ever since jazz appeared in Hungary in the 1920s, it has entered an interaction with Gypsymusic of the coffee houses, which has been practised by the Romani minority as an urban, folkloristic, popular style of music. Instances when the Romani came across jazz, viewed from a historical angle, provide excellent examples of the complex ways Gypsy musicians related to the urban culture of different times. As in French and German-speaking countries, Roma and Sinti entertainment musicians in Hungary embraced jazz and transmitted it to their audience alongside the local repertoire. We believe that it is necessary to look into issues of history, society, (popular) culture, aesthetics, musicology, etc. in order to provide valid answers by Romani studies and jazz studies. From the viewpoint of interdisciplinary jazz studies, Gypsy musicians appear in a number of crucially important contexts, so that studies examining the social situation of the Roma and cultural science-based jazz studies may complement each other ideally and together they may be able to produce fruitful knowledge for both fields. The conference is aiming at this kind of synthesis by expecting talks exploringthe relation of the Gypsy/Roma to music and to jazz in the sphere of their own disciplines. There has been a certain ambivalence concerning the social acceptance of Gypsy music ever since the days of Ferenc Liszt whose book on the subject was based on false assumptions while his compositions truly elevated this music. Since then, a lot of scholarly and amateur works have been published, but there are some unanswered questions left. We are convinced that through the opportunities provided by the conference Hungarian researchers could play an inspiring role in the international scientific work to come on these subjects.<br />The conference will be held in Hungarian and English. Applicants are expected to send in a 200-250 word abstract in Hungarian and/or English with a bio of max. 100 words, including their affiliation. The same parameters are expected to be followed by applicants for the following events at the conference: roundtable, symposium (a couple of shorter contributions to the same subject) or workshop (held interactively about one topic) to the following e-mail address: <a href="mailto:jatakucs@gmail.comDeadline" rel="nofollow">jatakucs@gmail.comDeadline</a>: August 31, 2020.The proceedings are planned to be published in Hungarian (Gondolat Publishers, Budapest)and in English<br />(L’ Harmattan, Paris)<br />, in separate volumes.<br /> <br />Conference Committee: Eszter<br />György<br />(ELTE BTK Atelier)<br />Tamás<br />H<br />ajnáczky (<br />KRE)<br />Ádám<br />Havas (Milestone Inst.)Lynn M. Hooker (Purdue University)<br />Ernő Kállai<br />(SZTE)<br />Kornél<br />Zipernovszky (Jatakucs)</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/49049179" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="64a205f2a6b491303e9dbc29d6df7586" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":67437429,"asset_id":49049179,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67437429/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NTU0Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="36976112" href="https://ub.academia.edu/AdamHavas">Adam Havas</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="36976112" type="text/json">{"id":36976112,"first_name":"Adam","last_name":"Havas","domain_name":"ub","page_name":"AdamHavas","display_name":"Adam Havas","profile_url":"https://ub.academia.edu/AdamHavas?f_ri=5453","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/36976112/10553897/99028846/s65_adam.havas.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_49049179 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="49049179"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 49049179, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_49049179", }); 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Instances when the Romani came across jazz, viewed from a historical angle, provide excellent examples of the complex ways Gypsy musicians related to the urban culture of different times. As in French and German-speaking countries, Roma and Sinti entertainment musicians in Hungary embraced jazz and transmitted it to their audience alongside the local repertoire. We believe that it is necessary to look into issues of history, society, (popular) culture, aesthetics, musicology, etc. in order to provide valid answers by Romani studies and jazz studies. From the viewpoint of interdisciplinary jazz studies, Gypsy musicians appear in a number of crucially important contexts, so that studies examining the social situation of the Roma and cultural science-based jazz studies may complement each other ideally and together they may be able to produce fruitful knowledge for both fields. The conference is aiming at this kind of synthesis by expecting talks exploringthe relation of the Gypsy/Roma to music and to jazz in the sphere of their own disciplines. There has been a certain ambivalence concerning the social acceptance of Gypsy music ever since the days of Ferenc Liszt whose book on the subject was based on false assumptions while his compositions truly elevated this music. Since then, a lot of scholarly and amateur works have been published, but there are some unanswered questions left. We are convinced that through the opportunities provided by the conference Hungarian researchers could play an inspiring role in the international scientific work to come on these subjects.\nThe conference will be held in Hungarian and English. Applicants are expected to send in a 200-250 word abstract in Hungarian and/or English with a bio of max. 100 words, including their affiliation. The same parameters are expected to be followed by applicants for the following events at the conference: roundtable, symposium (a couple of shorter contributions to the same subject) or workshop (held interactively about one topic) to the following e-mail address: jatakucs@gmail.comDeadline: August 31, 2020.The proceedings are planned to be published in Hungarian (Gondolat Publishers, Budapest)and in English\n(L’ Harmattan, Paris)\n, in separate volumes.\n \nConference Committee: Eszter\nGyörgy\n(ELTE BTK Atelier)\nTamás\nH\najnáczky (\nKRE)\nÁdám\nHavas (Milestone Inst.)Lynn M. Hooker (Purdue University)\nErnő Kállai\n(SZTE)\nKornél\nZipernovszky (Jatakucs)\n\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":67437429,"asset_id":49049179,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":36976112,"first_name":"Adam","last_name":"Havas","domain_name":"ub","page_name":"AdamHavas","display_name":"Adam Havas","profile_url":"https://ub.academia.edu/AdamHavas?f_ri=5453","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/36976112/10553897/99028846/s65_adam.havas.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":136,"name":"Cultural History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false},{"id":188,"name":"Cultural Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false},{"id":957,"name":"Cultural Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Sociology?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false},{"id":2132,"name":"Cultural Heritage","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Heritage?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false},{"id":5453,"name":"Race and Ethnicity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race_and_Ethnicity?f_ri=5453"},{"id":11866,"name":"Romani Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Romani_Studies?f_ri=5453"},{"id":17223,"name":"Jazz Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jazz_Studies?f_ri=5453"},{"id":957019,"name":"Sociology of Ethnicity and Race","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_of_Ethnicity_and_Race?f_ri=5453"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37631449" data-work_id="37631449" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37631449/Examining_the_United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1325_1_ostensible_absence_of_women_in_conflict_prevention_management_and_resolution_in_Africa">Examining the United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325 1 ostensible absence of women in conflict prevention, management and resolution in Africa</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This essay seeks to examine in parts, the ostensible absence of women’s political participation, particularly in peace processes in Africa. The essay will draw experiences and examples from a couple of African countries to argue that... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37631449" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This essay seeks to examine in parts, the ostensible absence of women’s political participation, particularly in peace processes in Africa. The essay will draw experiences and examples from a couple of African countries to argue that women’s continuous absence in peace discourses is as a result of political stereotypes, backed by patriarchal norms and masculinity tendencies which usually epitomises maleness to the ‘knower’, ‘protector’, ‘powerful’, ‘leader’. <br /><br />Therefore in instances were women are able to actively participate on equal capacities like their male counterparts, it goes against and threatens the constructed patriarchal systems and its flair of hegemony.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37631449" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="15f42c7c3637836e980a4a3b6a330a69" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57616310,"asset_id":37631449,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57616310/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NTU0Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="16154558" href="https://aberdeen.academia.edu/ZoneziwohMbondguloWondieh">Zoneziwoh Mbondgulo-Wondieh, Ph.D.</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="16154558" type="text/json">{"id":16154558,"first_name":"Zoneziwoh","last_name":"Mbondgulo-Wondieh, Ph.D.","domain_name":"aberdeen","page_name":"ZoneziwohMbondguloWondieh","display_name":"Zoneziwoh Mbondgulo-Wondieh, Ph.D.","profile_url":"https://aberdeen.academia.edu/ZoneziwohMbondguloWondieh?f_ri=5453","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/16154558/4522588/11219397/s65_zoneziwoh.mbondgulo_wondieh.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37631449 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37631449"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37631449, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37631449", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37631449]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_37631449").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_37631449").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="37631449"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="379" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Studies">African Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="379" type="text/json">{"id":379,"name":"African Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Studies?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1198" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peace_and_Conflict_Studies">Peace and Conflict Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1198" type="text/json">{"id":1198,"name":"Peace and Conflict Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peace_and_Conflict_Studies?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2575" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Law">International Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2575" type="text/json">{"id":2575,"name":"International Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Law?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2592" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Rights">Human Rights</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2592" type="text/json">{"id":2592,"name":"Human Rights","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Rights?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=37631449]'), work: {"id":37631449,"title":"Examining the United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325 1 ostensible absence of women in conflict prevention, management and resolution in Africa","created_at":"2018-10-23T00:02:40.838-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/37631449/Examining_the_United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1325_1_ostensible_absence_of_women_in_conflict_prevention_management_and_resolution_in_Africa?f_ri=5453","dom_id":"work_37631449","summary":"This essay seeks to examine in parts, the ostensible absence of women’s political participation, particularly in peace processes in Africa. The essay will draw experiences and examples from a couple of African countries to argue that women’s continuous absence in peace discourses is as a result of political stereotypes, backed by patriarchal norms and masculinity tendencies which usually epitomises maleness to the ‘knower’, ‘protector’, ‘powerful’, ‘leader’. \n\nTherefore in instances were women are able to actively participate on equal capacities like their male counterparts, it goes against and threatens the constructed patriarchal systems and its flair of hegemony.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57616310,"asset_id":37631449,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":16154558,"first_name":"Zoneziwoh","last_name":"Mbondgulo-Wondieh, Ph.D.","domain_name":"aberdeen","page_name":"ZoneziwohMbondguloWondieh","display_name":"Zoneziwoh Mbondgulo-Wondieh, Ph.D.","profile_url":"https://aberdeen.academia.edu/ZoneziwohMbondguloWondieh?f_ri=5453","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/16154558/4522588/11219397/s65_zoneziwoh.mbondgulo_wondieh.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":379,"name":"African Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Studies?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false},{"id":1198,"name":"Peace and Conflict Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peace_and_Conflict_Studies?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false},{"id":2575,"name":"International Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Law?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false},{"id":2592,"name":"Human Rights","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Rights?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false},{"id":4527,"name":"Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Africa?f_ri=5453"},{"id":4714,"name":"Sexuality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sexuality?f_ri=5453"},{"id":4917,"name":"Gender and Sexuality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_and_Sexuality?f_ri=5453"},{"id":5453,"name":"Race and Ethnicity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race_and_Ethnicity?f_ri=5453"},{"id":5878,"name":"Nationalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nationalism?f_ri=5453"},{"id":7024,"name":"Gender","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender?f_ri=5453"},{"id":10453,"name":"Feminism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feminism?f_ri=5453"},{"id":24748,"name":"Ethnicity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnicity?f_ri=5453"},{"id":53238,"name":"Race","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race?f_ri=5453"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_34250640" data-work_id="34250640" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34250640/People_against_Racism_are_White_Supremacists">People against Racism are 'White Supremacists'</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">People who are against racism are ‘White supremacists.’ They believe that everyone else, whatever colour or background, must be the same as Whites. They will allow biological differences from this norm: colour, facial features, etc., but... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_34250640" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">People who are against racism are ‘White supremacists.’ They believe that everyone else, whatever colour or background, must be the same as Whites. They will allow biological differences from this norm: colour, facial features, etc., but they will not allow cultural or value differences. They want to treat everyone as if they are Whites, as if Whites in the West are the God-given global norm. Well, if that’s not ‘White supremacism,’ then what is?</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/34250640" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="55a417cbc0f72d148c0df48be43d47d7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":54162132,"asset_id":34250640,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54162132/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NTU0Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1177878" href="https://wciu.academia.edu/JimHarries">Jim Harries</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1177878" type="text/json">{"id":1177878,"first_name":"Jim","last_name":"Harries","domain_name":"wciu","page_name":"JimHarries","display_name":"Jim Harries","profile_url":"https://wciu.academia.edu/JimHarries?f_ri=5453","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1177878/2342870/157080128/s65_jim.harries.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_34250640 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="34250640"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 34250640, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_34250640", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=34250640]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_34250640").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_34250640").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="34250640"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5453" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race_and_Ethnicity">Race and Ethnicity</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5453" type="text/json">{"id":5453,"name":"Race and Ethnicity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race_and_Ethnicity?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="24748" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnicity">Ethnicity</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="24748" type="text/json">{"id":24748,"name":"Ethnicity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnicity?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="53238" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race">Race</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="53238" type="text/json">{"id":53238,"name":"Race","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=34250640]'), work: {"id":34250640,"title":"People against Racism are 'White Supremacists'","created_at":"2017-08-17T00:13:57.297-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/34250640/People_against_Racism_are_White_Supremacists?f_ri=5453","dom_id":"work_34250640","summary":"People who are against racism are ‘White supremacists.’ They believe that everyone else, whatever colour or background, must be the same as Whites. They will allow biological differences from this norm: colour, facial features, etc., but they will not allow cultural or value differences. They want to treat everyone as if they are Whites, as if Whites in the West are the God-given global norm. Well, if that’s not ‘White supremacism,’ then what is?","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":54162132,"asset_id":34250640,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1177878,"first_name":"Jim","last_name":"Harries","domain_name":"wciu","page_name":"JimHarries","display_name":"Jim Harries","profile_url":"https://wciu.academia.edu/JimHarries?f_ri=5453","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1177878/2342870/157080128/s65_jim.harries.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5453,"name":"Race and Ethnicity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race_and_Ethnicity?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false},{"id":24748,"name":"Ethnicity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnicity?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false},{"id":53238,"name":"Race","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_944510" data-work_id="944510" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/944510/The_Gender_Race_Card_An_Analysis_of_Frames_in_the_News_Releases_and_Newscasts_of_2007_08_Primaries_Presidential_Candidates_Hillary_Clinton_and_">The Gender/Race Card: An Analysis of Frames in the News Releases and Newscasts of 2007-08 Primaries Presidential Candidates Hillary Clinton and …</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/944510" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="20ca99e08bd2ccb9e07f31c63322e1c8" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":12262592,"asset_id":944510,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/12262592/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NTU0Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="247408" href="https://baylor.academia.edu/MiaMoody">Mia N . Moody</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="247408" type="text/json">{"id":247408,"first_name":"Mia","last_name":"Moody","domain_name":"baylor","page_name":"MiaMoody","display_name":"Mia N . Moody","profile_url":"https://baylor.academia.edu/MiaMoody?f_ri=5453","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/247408/93637/129922233/s65_mia.moody-ramirez.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_944510 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="944510"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 944510, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_944510", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_944510 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 944510; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_944510"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_944510 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="944510"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 944510; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=944510]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_944510").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_944510").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="944510"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5453" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race_and_Ethnicity">Race and Ethnicity</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5453" type="text/json">{"id":5453,"name":"Race and Ethnicity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race_and_Ethnicity?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7024" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender">Gender</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7024" type="text/json">{"id":7024,"name":"Gender","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11265" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media_Framing">Media Framing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11265" type="text/json">{"id":11265,"name":"Media Framing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media_Framing?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="30936" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Elections_and_Voting_Behavior">Elections and Voting Behavior</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="30936" type="text/json">{"id":30936,"name":"Elections and Voting Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Elections_and_Voting_Behavior?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=944510]'), work: {"id":944510,"title":"The Gender/Race Card: An Analysis of Frames in the News Releases and Newscasts of 2007-08 Primaries Presidential Candidates Hillary Clinton and …","created_at":"2011-09-23T15:02:43.659-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/944510/The_Gender_Race_Card_An_Analysis_of_Frames_in_the_News_Releases_and_Newscasts_of_2007_08_Primaries_Presidential_Candidates_Hillary_Clinton_and_?f_ri=5453","dom_id":"work_944510","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":12262592,"asset_id":944510,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":247408,"first_name":"Mia","last_name":"Moody","domain_name":"baylor","page_name":"MiaMoody","display_name":"Mia N . Moody","profile_url":"https://baylor.academia.edu/MiaMoody?f_ri=5453","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/247408/93637/129922233/s65_mia.moody-ramirez.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5453,"name":"Race and Ethnicity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race_and_Ethnicity?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false},{"id":7024,"name":"Gender","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false},{"id":11265,"name":"Media Framing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media_Framing?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false},{"id":30936,"name":"Elections and Voting Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Elections_and_Voting_Behavior?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_351993 coauthored" data-work_id="351993" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/351993/CULTURAL_APPROPRIATIONS_OF_TECHNICAL_CAPITAL_BLACK_WOMEN_WEBLOGS_AND_THE_DIGITAL_DIVIDE">CULTURAL APPROPRIATIONS OF TECHNICAL CAPITAL: BLACK WOMEN, WEBLOGS, AND THE DIGITAL DIVIDE</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">[pre-print] ["bitch is the new black" illustrates how weblogs help Black women articulate identity and develop social capital] Author Posting. (c) 'Information, Communication & Society', 2010. This is the author's version of the work.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_351993" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">[pre-print]<br /><br />["bitch is the new black" illustrates how weblogs help Black women articulate identity and develop social capital]<br /><br />Author Posting. (c) 'Information, Communication & Society', 2010.<br />This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of 'Copyright Holder' for personal use, not for redistribution.<br />The definitive version was published in Information, Communication & Society, Volume 13 Issue 7, October 2010.<br />doi:10.1080/1369118X.2010.498897 (<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2010.498897" rel="nofollow">http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2010.498897</a>)</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/351993" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c1d3bfa877b8fc06e12fd0e26d6f7f12" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":1775315,"asset_id":351993,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/1775315/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NTU0Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="19778" href="https://gatech.academia.edu/AndreBrock">André Brock</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="19778" type="text/json">{"id":19778,"first_name":"André","last_name":"Brock","domain_name":"gatech","page_name":"AndreBrock","display_name":"André Brock","profile_url":"https://gatech.academia.edu/AndreBrock?f_ri=5453","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/19778/6681/91695529/s65_andr_.brock.jpeg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-351993">+2</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-351993"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://pennstate.academia.edu/LynetteKvasny">Lynette Kvasny</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://michiganstate.academia.edu/KaylaHales">Kayla Hales</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-351993'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-351993').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_351993 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="351993"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 351993, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_351993", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_351993 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 351993; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_351993"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_351993 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="351993"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 351993; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=351993]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_351993").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_351993").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="351993"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="94" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Discourse_Analysis">Discourse Analysis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="94" type="text/json">{"id":94,"name":"Discourse Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Discourse_Analysis?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="975" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sex_and_Gender">Sex and Gender</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="975" type="text/json">{"id":975,"name":"Sex and Gender","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sex_and_Gender?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1197" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Digital_Humanities">Digital Humanities</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1197" type="text/json">{"id":1197,"name":"Digital Humanities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Digital_Humanities?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2869" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Digital_Media">Digital Media</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2869" type="text/json">{"id":2869,"name":"Digital Media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Digital_Media?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=351993]'), work: {"id":351993,"title":"CULTURAL APPROPRIATIONS OF TECHNICAL CAPITAL: BLACK WOMEN, WEBLOGS, AND THE DIGITAL DIVIDE","created_at":"2010-10-21T04:56:07.731-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/351993/CULTURAL_APPROPRIATIONS_OF_TECHNICAL_CAPITAL_BLACK_WOMEN_WEBLOGS_AND_THE_DIGITAL_DIVIDE?f_ri=5453","dom_id":"work_351993","summary":"[pre-print]\n\n[\"bitch is the new black\" illustrates how weblogs help Black women articulate identity and develop social capital]\n\nAuthor Posting. (c) 'Information, Communication \u0026 Society', 2010.\nThis is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of 'Copyright Holder' for personal use, not for redistribution.\nThe definitive version was published in Information, Communication \u0026 Society, Volume 13 Issue 7, October 2010.\ndoi:10.1080/1369118X.2010.498897 (http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2010.498897)","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":1775315,"asset_id":351993,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":19778,"first_name":"André","last_name":"Brock","domain_name":"gatech","page_name":"AndreBrock","display_name":"André Brock","profile_url":"https://gatech.academia.edu/AndreBrock?f_ri=5453","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/19778/6681/91695529/s65_andr_.brock.jpeg"},{"id":224020,"first_name":"Lynette","last_name":"Kvasny","domain_name":"pennstate","page_name":"LynetteKvasny","display_name":"Lynette Kvasny","profile_url":"https://pennstate.academia.edu/LynetteKvasny?f_ri=5453","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":59937,"first_name":"Kayla","last_name":"Hales","domain_name":"michiganstate","page_name":"KaylaHales","display_name":"Kayla Hales","profile_url":"https://michiganstate.academia.edu/KaylaHales?f_ri=5453","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":94,"name":"Discourse Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Discourse_Analysis?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false},{"id":975,"name":"Sex and Gender","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sex_and_Gender?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false},{"id":1197,"name":"Digital Humanities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Digital_Humanities?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false},{"id":2869,"name":"Digital Media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Digital_Media?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false},{"id":5273,"name":"Class","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Class?f_ri=5453"},{"id":5453,"name":"Race and Ethnicity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race_and_Ethnicity?f_ri=5453"},{"id":24294,"name":"Gender and Race","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_and_Race?f_ri=5453"},{"id":53238,"name":"Race","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race?f_ri=5453"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_36791657 coauthored" data-work_id="36791657" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36791657/Poverty_Literacy_and_Social_Transformation_An_Interdisciplinary_Exploration_of_the_Digital_Divide">Poverty, Literacy, and Social Transformation: An Interdisciplinary Exploration of the Digital Divide</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Harnessing scholarship focused on literacy and poverty, in this article we aim to complicate the common understanding of the digital divide. First, we argue that the dominant literature on the digital divide misses broader connections... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_36791657" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Harnessing scholarship focused on literacy and poverty, in this article we aim to complicate the common understanding of the digital divide. First, we argue that the dominant literature on the digital divide misses broader connections between technological exclusion and broader forms of economic and social exclusion. Accordingly, and following recent qualitative research on the digital divide, we believe future scholarship must examine the complicated relationships between poverty, inequality, and the digital divide and we look to poverty scholarship to understand the complicated and shifting nature of poverty. Finally, we make the case that scholars and practitioners focused on digital literacy programs should pay attention to historical and critical scholarship on education and its role in mediating poverty and fostering social mobility, as it serves digital divide and broadband adoption scholars to understand the ways education processes can either reproduce or set the stage to alter entrenched social realities</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36791657" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1c580a8e928f7ca1802d3ea8c9b517cc" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56739807,"asset_id":36791657,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56739807/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NTU0Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="48459151" href="https://strattec.academia.edu/AmyBach">Amy J Bach</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="48459151" type="text/json">{"id":48459151,"first_name":"Amy","last_name":"Bach","domain_name":"strattec","page_name":"AmyBach","display_name":"Amy J Bach","profile_url":"https://strattec.academia.edu/AmyBach?f_ri=5453","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-36791657">+2</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-36791657"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://rutgers.academia.edu/ToddWolfson">Todd Wolfson</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://newpaltz.academia.edu/JessicaKateCrowell">Jessica Kate Crowell</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-36791657'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-36791657').html(); 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class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_5965930" data-work_id="5965930" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5965930/Kennewick_Man_and_the_Evolutionary_Origins_of_the_Nation">Kennewick Man and the Evolutionary Origins of the Nation </a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This article addresses the recent attempts to integrate evolutionary history in the US national narrative. Focusing on the cultural, legal, and scientific controversy over Kennewick Man, the ancient human remains discovered in Washington... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_5965930" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This article addresses the recent attempts to integrate evolutionary history in the US national narrative. Focusing on the cultural, legal, and scientific controversy over Kennewick Man, the ancient human remains discovered in Washington state in 1996, the article explores the narrative politics of American national belonging. Through a popular historical novel on Kennewick Man's life, the article further theorizes nostalgia as a narrative tool in imagining the evolutionary origins of the nation. The article argues that nostalgia produces a temporal dynamic that bridges the gap between national history and global prehistory, and that this dynamic is reinforced through cultural ideas of genetic knowledge. At the same time, prehistoric nostalgia renders problematic ideas of ethnic difference largely invisible.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/5965930" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1cabe15ce1593c030d02fb82432efef2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":40205931,"asset_id":5965930,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40205931/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NTU0Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1032749" href="https://uta-fi.academia.edu/VenlaOikkonen">Venla Oikkonen</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1032749" type="text/json">{"id":1032749,"first_name":"Venla","last_name":"Oikkonen","domain_name":"uta-fi","page_name":"VenlaOikkonen","display_name":"Venla Oikkonen","profile_url":"https://uta-fi.academia.edu/VenlaOikkonen?f_ri=5453","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1032749/358793/1609283/s65_venla.oikkonen.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_5965930 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="5965930"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5965930, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_5965930", }); 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Focusing on the cultural, legal, and scientific controversy over Kennewick Man, the ancient human remains discovered in Washington state in 1996, the article explores the narrative politics of American national belonging. Through a popular historical novel on Kennewick Man's life, the article further theorizes nostalgia as a narrative tool in imagining the evolutionary origins of the nation. The article argues that nostalgia produces a temporal dynamic that bridges the gap between national history and global prehistory, and that this dynamic is reinforced through cultural ideas of genetic knowledge. 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class="summarized">Not-guilty verdicts, mistrials, and impunity for the Bundy family and many of their supporters in the armed confrontations over public land use in Nevada and Oregon. Expanded access for private oil, gas, mining, and logging industries and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_36047291" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Not-guilty verdicts, mistrials, and impunity for the Bundy family and many of their supporters in the armed confrontations over public land use in Nevada and Oregon. Expanded access for private oil, gas, mining, and logging industries and the downsizing of national monuments such as Bears Ears lead by Secretary of the Interior Ryan Zinke. A number of highly contentious debates and sensationalized events have again focused attention on land held in the public domain by the United States. This essay argues that federal land policy as a form of colonial administration has been constitutive for the logic of expectation as property in what is now the United States. From the state land cessions negotiated on behalf of the Articles of Confederation to the preemption acts (1830–1841) to the homestead acts (1862–1916) to present-day demands for land transfer, the acquisition and disposal of the so-called public domain have been central to westward colonization, the consolidation of the nation-state, and the promise of land ownership as the ostensible foundation of individual liberty. These dynamics are evident in contemporary conflicts over public lands and arguments for the transfer of public lands to either state or private ownership. Approaching the Bundy occupations as flashpoints that illuminate competing interpretations and claims to land within the history of westward colonization, this essay seeks to demonstrate the ways in which expectation emerges from particular economies of dispossession of indigenous peoples that have historically worked through and across the division of public and private property.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36047291" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ba2dee80eceee760ba7cd501bbc375e9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55933459,"asset_id":36047291,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55933459/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NTU0Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2842469" href="https://unm.academia.edu/AlyoshaGoldstein">Alyosha Goldstein</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2842469" type="text/json">{"id":2842469,"first_name":"Alyosha","last_name":"Goldstein","domain_name":"unm","page_name":"AlyoshaGoldstein","display_name":"Alyosha Goldstein","profile_url":"https://unm.academia.edu/AlyoshaGoldstein?f_ri=5453","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2842469/2803461/40302902/s65_alyosha.goldstein.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_36047291 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="36047291"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36047291, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_36047291", }); 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These dynamics are evident in contemporary conflicts over public lands and arguments for the transfer of public lands to either state or private ownership. 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js-work-card work_663228" data-work_id="663228" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/663228/Race_Surplus_Population_and_the_Marxist_Theory_of_Imperialism">Race, Surplus Population and the Marxist Theory of Imperialism</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper argues that capitalist accumulation requires imperialist expansion, and that this expansion creates a “raced” surplus laboring population. The argument proceeds in seven parts: that Marx’s assertion in chapter 25 of Capital... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_663228" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper argues that capitalist accumulation requires imperialist expansion, and that this expansion creates a “raced” surplus laboring population. The argument proceeds in seven parts: that Marx’s assertion in chapter 25 of Capital that capitalism produces an ever-increasing relative surplus population is tenable in all but the longest of time frames; that imperial expansion played an important role in the transition to capitalism, though not for the reasons traditionally given; that overinvestment rather than the increasing organic composition of capital best explains imperial expansion in the capitalist era; that the uneven development of capitalism produces at the same time an uneven development of the surplus laboring population; that race has served as a mark of membership in the surplus laboring population; that by intertwining itself with the surplus laboring population, race serves to perpetuate itself despite its contradictions; and that despite this resilience, the contradictions of race also set in process conflicts that make it possible to overcome imperialism.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/663228" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="97cbc7b5970851210d5a502daf4f2f45" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":3675023,"asset_id":663228,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/3675023/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NTU0Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="279144" href="https://depaul.academia.edu/MichaelMcIntyre">Michael McIntyre</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="279144" type="text/json">{"id":279144,"first_name":"Michael","last_name":"McIntyre","domain_name":"depaul","page_name":"MichaelMcIntyre","display_name":"Michael McIntyre","profile_url":"https://depaul.academia.edu/MichaelMcIntyre?f_ri=5453","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/279144/1040686/14923593/s65_michael.mcintyre.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_663228 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="663228"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 663228, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_663228", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=663228]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_663228").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_663228").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="663228"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="975" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sex_and_Gender">Sex and Gender</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="975" type="text/json">{"id":975,"name":"Sex and Gender","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sex_and_Gender?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1698" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxism">Marxism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1698" type="text/json">{"id":1698,"name":"Marxism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxism?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3277" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race_and_Racism">Race and Racism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3277" type="text/json">{"id":3277,"name":"Race and Racism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race_and_Racism?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5247" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Race_Theory">Critical Race Theory</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="5247" type="text/json">{"id":5247,"name":"Critical Race Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Race_Theory?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=663228]'), work: {"id":663228,"title":"Race, Surplus Population and the Marxist Theory of Imperialism","created_at":"2011-06-12T04:52:56.783-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/663228/Race_Surplus_Population_and_the_Marxist_Theory_of_Imperialism?f_ri=5453","dom_id":"work_663228","summary":"This paper argues that capitalist accumulation requires imperialist expansion, and that this expansion creates a “raced” surplus laboring population. The argument proceeds in seven parts: that Marx’s assertion in chapter 25 of Capital that capitalism produces an ever-increasing relative surplus population is tenable in all but the longest of time frames; that imperial expansion played an important role in the transition to capitalism, though not for the reasons traditionally given; that overinvestment rather than the increasing organic composition of capital best explains imperial expansion in the capitalist era; that the uneven development of capitalism produces at the same time an uneven development of the surplus laboring population; that race has served as a mark of membership in the surplus laboring population; that by intertwining itself with the surplus laboring population, race serves to perpetuate itself despite its contradictions; and that despite this resilience, the contradictions of race also set in process conflicts that make it possible to overcome imperialism.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":3675023,"asset_id":663228,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":279144,"first_name":"Michael","last_name":"McIntyre","domain_name":"depaul","page_name":"MichaelMcIntyre","display_name":"Michael McIntyre","profile_url":"https://depaul.academia.edu/MichaelMcIntyre?f_ri=5453","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/279144/1040686/14923593/s65_michael.mcintyre.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":975,"name":"Sex and Gender","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sex_and_Gender?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false},{"id":1698,"name":"Marxism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxism?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false},{"id":3277,"name":"Race and Racism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race_and_Racism?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false},{"id":5247,"name":"Critical Race Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Race_Theory?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false},{"id":5273,"name":"Class","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Class?f_ri=5453"},{"id":5453,"name":"Race and Ethnicity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race_and_Ethnicity?f_ri=5453"},{"id":6556,"name":"Colonialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colonialism?f_ri=5453"},{"id":10806,"name":"Marxist theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_theory?f_ri=5453"},{"id":14426,"name":"Political Economies of Capitalism, Imperialism/Colonialism, Racism, and Patriarchy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economies_of_Capitalism_Imperialism_Colonialism_Racism_and_Patriarchy?f_ri=5453"},{"id":15150,"name":"British Imperial and Colonial History (1600 - )","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/British_Imperial_and_Colonial_History_1600_-_?f_ri=5453"},{"id":16069,"name":"Critical Race Theory and Whiteness theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Race_Theory_and_Whiteness_theory?f_ri=5453"},{"id":18123,"name":"Imperial ideology and representation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Imperial_ideology_and_representation?f_ri=5453"},{"id":18727,"name":"History of Imperialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Imperialism?f_ri=5453"},{"id":20659,"name":"Race (History)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race_History_?f_ri=5453"},{"id":28507,"name":"History of Race and Ethnicity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Race_and_Ethnicity?f_ri=5453"},{"id":30010,"name":"Empire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Empire?f_ri=5453"},{"id":34326,"name":"Race, Class, and Gender","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race_Class_and_Gender?f_ri=5453"},{"id":50208,"name":"Surplus Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Surplus_Theory?f_ri=5453"},{"id":53238,"name":"Race","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race?f_ri=5453"},{"id":56908,"name":"Imperialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Imperialism?f_ri=5453"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_41955976" data-work_id="41955976" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/41955976/_Future_Il_domani_narrato_dalle_voci_di_oggi_Stories_of_Everyday_Resistance_and_Hope_An_anthology_of_personal_narratives_on_being_black_women_in_Italy_today_presented_at_CUNYs_Calandra_Institute_in_New_York">"Future. Il domani narrato dalle voci di oggi": Stories of Everyday Resistance and Hope An anthology of personal narratives on being black women in Italy today presented at CUNY's Calandra Institute in New York</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Future. Il domani narrato dalle voci di oggi, an anthology published in Italy in 2019, comprises writing by 11 self-identified black Italian women. As the book’s title suggests, their work, mostly personal accounts of being black women in... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_41955976" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Future. Il domani narrato dalle voci di oggi, an anthology published in Italy in 2019, comprises writing by 11 self-identified black Italian women. As the book’s title suggests, their work, mostly personal accounts of being black women in Italy, is forward-looking while grounded in contemporary realities: a tomorrow narrated by the voices of today. The essays also are steeped in Italian history and particularly a past that only recently has begun to be acknowledged: that of Italian empire and its African colonies. The book—the first literary anthology by black Italian women— is a political intervention, an act of resistance to the racism and anti-immigrant attitudes that have become alarmingly widespread in Italian society and politics.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/41955976" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e772b82691d02afc40ce18f91a79fe75" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":62079074,"asset_id":41955976,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/62079074/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NTU0Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="8742207" href="https://independent.academia.edu/GeorgedeStefano">George de Stefano</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="8742207" type="text/json">{"id":8742207,"first_name":"George","last_name":"de Stefano","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GeorgedeStefano","display_name":"George de Stefano","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GeorgedeStefano?f_ri=5453","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8742207/3076406/32334626/s65_george.de_stefano.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_41955976 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="41955976"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 41955976, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_41955976", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_41955976 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 41955976; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_41955976"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_41955976 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="41955976"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 41955976; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=41955976]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_41955976").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_41955976").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="41955976"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="383" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Studies">European Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="383" type="text/json">{"id":383,"name":"European Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Studies?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2221" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Italian_Studies">Italian Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2221" type="text/json">{"id":2221,"name":"Italian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Italian_Studies?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2938" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Black_African_Diaspora">Black/African Diaspora</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2938" type="text/json">{"id":2938,"name":"Black/African Diaspora","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Black_African_Diaspora?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3843" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immigration">Immigration</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3843" type="text/json">{"id":3843,"name":"Immigration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immigration?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=41955976]'), work: {"id":41955976,"title":"\"Future. Il domani narrato dalle voci di oggi\": Stories of Everyday Resistance and Hope An anthology of personal narratives on being black women in Italy today presented at CUNY's Calandra Institute in New York","created_at":"2020-02-12T12:14:49.307-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/41955976/_Future_Il_domani_narrato_dalle_voci_di_oggi_Stories_of_Everyday_Resistance_and_Hope_An_anthology_of_personal_narratives_on_being_black_women_in_Italy_today_presented_at_CUNYs_Calandra_Institute_in_New_York?f_ri=5453","dom_id":"work_41955976","summary":"Future. Il domani narrato dalle voci di oggi, an anthology published in Italy in 2019, comprises writing by 11 self-identified black Italian women. As the book’s title suggests, their work, mostly personal accounts of being black women in Italy, is forward-looking while grounded in contemporary realities: a tomorrow narrated by the voices of today. The essays also are steeped in Italian history and particularly a past that only recently has begun to be acknowledged: that of Italian empire and its African colonies. The book—the first literary anthology by black Italian women— is a political intervention, an act of resistance to the racism and anti-immigrant attitudes that have become alarmingly widespread in Italian society and politics.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":62079074,"asset_id":41955976,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":8742207,"first_name":"George","last_name":"de Stefano","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GeorgedeStefano","display_name":"George de Stefano","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GeorgedeStefano?f_ri=5453","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8742207/3076406/32334626/s65_george.de_stefano.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":383,"name":"European Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Studies?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false},{"id":2221,"name":"Italian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Italian_Studies?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false},{"id":2938,"name":"Black/African Diaspora","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Black_African_Diaspora?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false},{"id":3843,"name":"Immigration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immigration?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false},{"id":5247,"name":"Critical Race Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Race_Theory?f_ri=5453"},{"id":5453,"name":"Race and Ethnicity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race_and_Ethnicity?f_ri=5453"},{"id":8009,"name":"Immigration And Integration In Europe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immigration_And_Integration_In_Europe?f_ri=5453"},{"id":11639,"name":"Racism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Racism?f_ri=5453"},{"id":14412,"name":"Black feminism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Black_feminism?f_ri=5453"},{"id":16354,"name":"Italian women writers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Italian_women_writers?f_ri=5453"},{"id":25064,"name":"Black Feminist Theory/Thought","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Black_Feminist_Theory_Thought?f_ri=5453"},{"id":798634,"name":"Italian Feminism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Italian_Feminism?f_ri=5453"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_12286293" data-work_id="12286293" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12286293/Crossing_the_Color_Line_Race_Sex_and_the_Contested_Politics_of_Colonialism_in_Ghana">Crossing the Color Line: Race, Sex, and the Contested Politics of Colonialism in Ghana</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Interracial sex mattered to the British colonial state in West Africa. In Crossing the Color Line, Carina E. Ray goes beyond this fact to reveal how Gold Coasters—their social practices, interests, and anxieties—shaped and defined these... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_12286293" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Interracial sex mattered to the British colonial state in West Africa. In Crossing the Color Line, Carina E. Ray goes beyond this fact to reveal how Gold Coasters—their social practices, interests, and anxieties—shaped and defined these powerfully charged relations across racial lines. The interplay between African and European perspectives and practices, argues Ray, transformed these relationships into key sites for consolidating colonial rule and for contesting its racial and gendered hierarchies of power. <br /> <br />With rigorous methodology and innovative analyses, Ray brings Ghana and Britain into a single analytic frame by examining cases in both locales. Intimate relations between black men and white women in Britain’s port cities emerge as an influential part of the history of interracial sex and empire in ways that are connected to rather than eclipsed by relations between European men and African women in the colony. <br /> <br />Based on rich archival evidence and original interviews, the book moves across different registers, shifting from the micropolitics of individual disciplinary cases against colonial officers who “kept” local women to transatlantic networks of family, empire, and anticolonial resistance. In this way, Ray cuts to the heart of how interracial sex became a source of colonial anxiety and nationalist agitation during the first half of the twentieth century.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12286293" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="eb0d966abc06602808f0dbffddb326e4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37574817,"asset_id":12286293,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37574817/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NTU0Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="13280" href="https://umich.academia.edu/CarinaRay">Carina Ray</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="13280" type="text/json">{"id":13280,"first_name":"Carina","last_name":"Ray","domain_name":"umich","page_name":"CarinaRay","display_name":"Carina Ray","profile_url":"https://umich.academia.edu/CarinaRay?f_ri=5453","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/13280/4467/20252987/s65_carina.ray.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_12286293 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="12286293"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12286293, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_12286293", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_12286293 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12286293; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_12286293"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_12286293 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="12286293"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12286293; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12286293]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_12286293").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_12286293").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="12286293"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">24</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="379" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Studies">African Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="379" type="text/json">{"id":379,"name":"African Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Studies?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2324" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/British_History">British History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2324" type="text/json">{"id":2324,"name":"British History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/British_History?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3165" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_History">Maritime History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3165" type="text/json">{"id":3165,"name":"Maritime History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_History?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3277" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race_and_Racism">Race and Racism</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3277" type="text/json">{"id":3277,"name":"Race and Racism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race_and_Racism?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=12286293]'), work: {"id":12286293,"title":"Crossing the Color Line: Race, Sex, and the Contested Politics of Colonialism in Ghana","created_at":"2015-05-07T22:04:11.239-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/12286293/Crossing_the_Color_Line_Race_Sex_and_the_Contested_Politics_of_Colonialism_in_Ghana?f_ri=5453","dom_id":"work_12286293","summary":"Interracial sex mattered to the British colonial state in West Africa. In Crossing the Color Line, Carina E. Ray goes beyond this fact to reveal how Gold Coasters—their social practices, interests, and anxieties—shaped and defined these powerfully charged relations across racial lines. The interplay between African and European perspectives and practices, argues Ray, transformed these relationships into key sites for consolidating colonial rule and for contesting its racial and gendered hierarchies of power.\r\n\r\nWith rigorous methodology and innovative analyses, Ray brings Ghana and Britain into a single analytic frame by examining cases in both locales. Intimate relations between black men and white women in Britain’s port cities emerge as an influential part of the history of interracial sex and empire in ways that are connected to rather than eclipsed by relations between European men and African women in the colony.\r\n\r\nBased on rich archival evidence and original interviews, the book moves across different registers, shifting from the micropolitics of individual disciplinary cases against colonial officers who “kept” local women to transatlantic networks of family, empire, and anticolonial resistance. In this way, Ray cuts to the heart of how interracial sex became a source of colonial anxiety and nationalist agitation during the first half of the twentieth century.\r\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37574817,"asset_id":12286293,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":13280,"first_name":"Carina","last_name":"Ray","domain_name":"umich","page_name":"CarinaRay","display_name":"Carina Ray","profile_url":"https://umich.academia.edu/CarinaRay?f_ri=5453","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/13280/4467/20252987/s65_carina.ray.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":379,"name":"African Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Studies?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false},{"id":2324,"name":"British History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/British_History?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false},{"id":3165,"name":"Maritime History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_History?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false},{"id":3277,"name":"Race and Racism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race_and_Racism?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false},{"id":3870,"name":"African Diaspora Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Diaspora_Studies?f_ri=5453"},{"id":3896,"name":"African History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_History?f_ri=5453"},{"id":3898,"name":"History of West Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_West_Africa?f_ri=5453"},{"id":4527,"name":"Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Africa?f_ri=5453"},{"id":4714,"name":"Sexuality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sexuality?f_ri=5453"},{"id":4917,"name":"Gender and Sexuality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_and_Sexuality?f_ri=5453"},{"id":5453,"name":"Race and Ethnicity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race_and_Ethnicity?f_ri=5453"},{"id":5454,"name":"Interracial Families","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Interracial_Families?f_ri=5453"},{"id":5671,"name":"West Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/West_Africa?f_ri=5453"},{"id":5878,"name":"Nationalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nationalism?f_ri=5453"},{"id":6556,"name":"Colonialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colonialism?f_ri=5453"},{"id":9620,"name":"Ghana","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ghana?f_ri=5453"},{"id":12961,"name":"British Empire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/British_Empire?f_ri=5453"},{"id":15150,"name":"British Imperial and Colonial History (1600 - )","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/British_Imperial_and_Colonial_History_1600_-_?f_ri=5453"},{"id":24294,"name":"Gender and Race","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_and_Race?f_ri=5453"},{"id":29719,"name":"Critical Mixed Race Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Mixed_Race_Studies?f_ri=5453"},{"id":41327,"name":"British Imperial and Colonial History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/British_Imperial_and_Colonial_History?f_ri=5453"},{"id":53238,"name":"Race","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race?f_ri=5453"},{"id":280310,"name":"Ports","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ports?f_ri=5453"},{"id":964785,"name":"Postcolonial and Anticolonial Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postcolonial_and_Anticolonial_Studies?f_ri=5453"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1450104" data-work_id="1450104" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1450104/Turkish_Delight_German_Fright_Unsettling_Oppositions_in_Transnational_Cinema">Turkish Delight--German Fright: Unsettling Oppositions in Transnational Cinema</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Current discourses about migrants and diaspora communities in Europe are often informed by a social worker's perspective and haunted by residual notions of supposedly pure and authentic cultures of origin. Between national entrenchment... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1450104" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Current discourses about migrants and diaspora communities in Europe are often informed by a social worker's perspective and haunted by residual notions of supposedly pure and authentic cultures of origin. Between national entrenchment and transnational globalization, ethnic minorities are "imagined" as outsiders on a subnational level. The consequent othering of so-called "third" or "substate" cinemas by cultural producers, critics and policymakers is highly problematic. I therefore propose to reframe the discussion about such "minor" cinemas within a broader consideration of traveling cultures and global flows, of mobility between margin and center, between independent and mainstream productions, as well as crossovers between different genres and their reception across national boundaries.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1450104" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="38c7007d695778475f940ae9152d7e8a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":15593804,"asset_id":1450104,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/15593804/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NTU0Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="701573" href="https://berkeley.academia.edu/DenizGokturk">Deniz Gokturk</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="701573" type="text/json">{"id":701573,"first_name":"Deniz","last_name":"Gokturk","domain_name":"berkeley","page_name":"DenizGokturk","display_name":"Deniz Gokturk","profile_url":"https://berkeley.academia.edu/DenizGokturk?f_ri=5453","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/701573/1742438/2085131/s65_deniz.gokturk.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1450104 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1450104"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1450104, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1450104", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_1450104 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1450104; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_1450104"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_1450104 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="1450104"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1450104; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1450104]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_1450104").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_1450104").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="1450104"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1439" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Globalization">Globalization</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1439" type="text/json">{"id":1439,"name":"Globalization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Globalization?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1555" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Film_Studies">Film Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1555" type="text/json">{"id":1555,"name":"Film Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Film_Studies?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2793" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transnationalism">Transnationalism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2793" type="text/json">{"id":2793,"name":"Transnationalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transnationalism?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5453" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race_and_Ethnicity">Race and Ethnicity</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="5453" type="text/json">{"id":5453,"name":"Race and Ethnicity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race_and_Ethnicity?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1450104]'), work: {"id":1450104,"title":"Turkish Delight--German Fright: Unsettling Oppositions in Transnational Cinema","created_at":"2012-03-01T08:38:01.702-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1450104/Turkish_Delight_German_Fright_Unsettling_Oppositions_in_Transnational_Cinema?f_ri=5453","dom_id":"work_1450104","summary":"Current discourses about migrants and diaspora communities in Europe are often informed by a social worker's perspective and haunted by residual notions of supposedly pure and authentic cultures of origin. Between national entrenchment and transnational globalization, ethnic minorities are \"imagined\" as outsiders on a subnational level. The consequent othering of so-called \"third\" or \"substate\" cinemas by cultural producers, critics and policymakers is highly problematic. I therefore propose to reframe the discussion about such \"minor\" cinemas within a broader consideration of traveling cultures and global flows, of mobility between margin and center, between independent and mainstream productions, as well as crossovers between different genres and their reception across national boundaries.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":15593804,"asset_id":1450104,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":701573,"first_name":"Deniz","last_name":"Gokturk","domain_name":"berkeley","page_name":"DenizGokturk","display_name":"Deniz Gokturk","profile_url":"https://berkeley.academia.edu/DenizGokturk?f_ri=5453","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/701573/1742438/2085131/s65_deniz.gokturk.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1439,"name":"Globalization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Globalization?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false},{"id":1555,"name":"Film Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Film_Studies?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false},{"id":2793,"name":"Transnationalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transnationalism?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false},{"id":5453,"name":"Race and Ethnicity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race_and_Ethnicity?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false},{"id":6749,"name":"Cultural Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Politics?f_ri=5453"},{"id":14730,"name":"Migration Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Migration_Studies?f_ri=5453"},{"id":15567,"name":"Diaspora Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diaspora_Studies?f_ri=5453"},{"id":19258,"name":"Cinema","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cinema?f_ri=5453"},{"id":34974,"name":"Turkish diaspora in Germany","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Turkish_diaspora_in_Germany?f_ri=5453"},{"id":44069,"name":"Turkish-German Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Turkish-German_Studies?f_ri=5453"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_7557074" data-work_id="7557074" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7557074/Framing_a_De_Territoralized_Hybrid_Alternative_to_Nationalist_Essentialism_in_the_Postcolonial_Era_Tjalie_Robinson_and_the_Diasporic_Eurasian_Indo_Community">Framing a De-Territoralized, Hybrid Alternative to Nationalist Essentialism in the Postcolonial Era: Tjalie Robinson and the Diasporic Eurasian 'Indo' Community</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The dislocated, deterritorialized discourse produced by repatriates from formerly European colonies has remained overlooked in academic scholarship. One such group is the Eurasian “Indo” community that has its roots in the former Dutch... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_7557074" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The dislocated, deterritorialized discourse produced by repatriates from formerly European colonies has remained overlooked in academic scholarship. One such group is the Eurasian “Indo” community that has its roots in the former Dutch East Indies, today’s Indonesia. This article focuses on Tjalie Robinson, the intellectual leader of this community from the 1950s to the mid-1970s. The son of a Dutch father and a British-Javanese mother, Robinson became the leading voice of the diasporic Indo community in the Netherlands and later also in the United States. His engagement resulted in the foundation of the Indo magazine Tong Tong and the annual Pasar Malam Besar, what was to become the world’s biggest Eurasian festival. Robinson played an essential role in the cultural awareness and self-pride of the eventually global Indo community through his elaboration of a hybrid and transnational identity concept. By placing his focus “tussen twee werelden” (in-between two worlds) and identifying “mixties-schap” (mestizaje) as the essential characteristic of Indo identity, Robinson anticipated debates on hybridity, transnationalism, and creolism that only much later would draw attention from scholars in the field of postcolonial studies. This article highlights Robinson’s pioneering role in framing a deterritorialized hybrid alternative to nationalist essentialism in the postcolonial era.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7557074" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="572c00905f3c4d26c4c66c42bd399b7d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37530032,"asset_id":7557074,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37530032/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NTU0Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="13340045" href="https://berkeley.academia.edu/JeroenDewulf">Jeroen Dewulf</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="13340045" type="text/json">{"id":13340045,"first_name":"Jeroen","last_name":"Dewulf","domain_name":"berkeley","page_name":"JeroenDewulf","display_name":"Jeroen Dewulf","profile_url":"https://berkeley.academia.edu/JeroenDewulf?f_ri=5453","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/13340045/3740861/4382082/s65_jeroen.dewulf.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_7557074 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="7557074"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 7557074, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_7557074", }); 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Cultures","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Southeast_Asian_and_Asian_American_Histories_and_Cultures?f_ri=5453"},{"id":966663,"name":"Conrad","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conrad?f_ri=5453"},{"id":969880,"name":"Cosmopolitance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cosmopolitance?f_ri=5453"},{"id":970909,"name":"Cosmopolitism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cosmopolitism?f_ri=5453"},{"id":972051,"name":"Netherlands East Indies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Netherlands_East_Indies?f_ri=5453"},{"id":978857,"name":"Dutch Colonialism In South Asia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dutch_Colonialism_In_South_Asia?f_ri=5453"},{"id":979770,"name":"Indonesian Nationalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indonesian_Nationalism?f_ri=5453"},{"id":991626,"name":"Decolnial Thought","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Decolnial_Thought?f_ri=5453"},{"id":1002126,"name":"Asian American Diaspora 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Literatures","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Minority_Literatures?f_ri=5453"},{"id":1125509,"name":"Postcolonialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postcolonialism?f_ri=5453"},{"id":1143596,"name":"Biracial Identity Formation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biracial_Identity_Formation?f_ri=5453"},{"id":1302691,"name":"Cosmpolitanism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cosmpolitanism?f_ri=5453"},{"id":1368454,"name":"Transoceanic Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transoceanic_Literature?f_ri=5453"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_11322425" data-work_id="11322425" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11322425/Reviews_of_F_LaMond_Tullis_Los_Mormones_en_M%C3%A9xico_and_Fernando_R_G%C3%B3mez_P%C3%A1ez_The_States_of_M%C3%A9xico_and_Morelos_Margarito_Bautista_Valencia_Francisco_Narciso_Sandoval_and_The_Third_Convention_">Reviews of F. LaMond Tullis. Los Mormones en México & Fernando R. Gómez Páez. “The States of México and Morelos," "Margarito Bautista Valencia,," "Francisco Narciso Sandoval," and "The Third Convention." </a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">With two new publications, the Museum of Mormon History in Mexico has firmly established itself as a leading venue for the production of Mormon history in Mexico. The Spanish translation and English commentary on Part 1 of F. LaMond... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_11322425" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">With two new publications, the Museum of Mormon History in Mexico has firmly established itself as a leading venue for the production of Mormon history in Mexico. The Spanish translation and English commentary on Part 1 of F. LaMond Tulllis's Mormons in Mexico is a significant contribution to both Spanish and English readers. This text, published through Deseret Book, makes a valuable resource available to Spanish speakers. It also offers an impressive correction of documentary errors in Tullis's interpretation and historical data. A second significant contribution to the literature on the same subject is a series of four articles available in Spanish or English by Fernando R. Gómez Páez (museum president). Read side by side, the translation of Tullis's book and this new selection of articles by the museum's president provide a worthwhile and balanced introduction to Mexican Mormon history. Readers will recognize that Mormon history in Mexico extends well beyond the colonies in Chihuahua and Sonora. The most interesting stories may very well come from central Mexico. Mexican Mormons now have a significant voice in the writing of their own Mormon histories.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/11322425" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="de534af15a3a65347ff072c5db5a49e1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37061515,"asset_id":11322425,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37061515/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NTU0Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="23864259" href="https://edcc.academia.edu/ThomasMurphy">Thomas W Murphy</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="23864259" type="text/json">{"id":23864259,"first_name":"Thomas","last_name":"Murphy","domain_name":"edcc","page_name":"ThomasMurphy","display_name":"Thomas W Murphy","profile_url":"https://edcc.academia.edu/ThomasMurphy?f_ri=5453","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/23864259/6957491/7846370/s65_thomas.murphy.jpg_oh_221215816ab2f6dbb3b332d396862f4c_oe_5521605e___gda___1428468681_8304ce3c9d498b851be8fbd40293e59f"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_11322425 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="11322425"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 11322425, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_11322425", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=11322425]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_11322425").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_11322425").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="11322425"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="388" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_Studies">Latin American Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="388" type="text/json">{"id":388,"name":"Latin American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_Studies?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2395" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mexican_Studies">Mexican Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2395" type="text/json">{"id":2395,"name":"Mexican Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mexican_Studies?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3277" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race_and_Racism">Race and Racism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3277" type="text/json">{"id":3277,"name":"Race and Racism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race_and_Racism?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4486" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science">Political Science</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4486" type="text/json">{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=11322425]'), work: {"id":11322425,"title":"Reviews of F. LaMond Tullis. Los Mormones en México \u0026 Fernando R. Gómez Páez. “The States of México and Morelos,\" \"Margarito Bautista Valencia,,\" \"Francisco Narciso Sandoval,\" and \"The Third Convention.\" ","created_at":"2015-03-07T18:10:22.463-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/11322425/Reviews_of_F_LaMond_Tullis_Los_Mormones_en_M%C3%A9xico_and_Fernando_R_G%C3%B3mez_P%C3%A1ez_The_States_of_M%C3%A9xico_and_Morelos_Margarito_Bautista_Valencia_Francisco_Narciso_Sandoval_and_The_Third_Convention_?f_ri=5453","dom_id":"work_11322425","summary":"With two new publications, the Museum of Mormon History in Mexico has firmly established itself as a leading venue for the production of Mormon history in Mexico. The Spanish translation and English commentary on Part 1 of F. LaMond Tulllis's Mormons in Mexico is a significant contribution to both Spanish and English readers. This text, published through Deseret Book, makes a valuable resource available to Spanish speakers. It also offers an impressive correction of documentary errors in Tullis's interpretation and historical data. A second significant contribution to the literature on the same subject is a series of four articles available in Spanish or English by Fernando R. Gómez Páez (museum president). Read side by side, the translation of Tullis's book and this new selection of articles by the museum's president provide a worthwhile and balanced introduction to Mexican Mormon history. Readers will recognize that Mormon history in Mexico extends well beyond the colonies in Chihuahua and Sonora. The most interesting stories may very well come from central Mexico. 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The legacies of the 1804 Jihad and the subsequent divide and rule colonial model of governance are extant in the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_35805702" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The indigene/settler question has been central to scholarly discourses on land ownership, ethnicity and identity in Nigeria. The legacies of the 1804 Jihad and the subsequent divide and rule colonial model of governance are extant in the perennial struggles for territorial control and dominance of political, economic, religious and socio-cultural spaces. In Northcentral Nigeria, the Southern Kaduna scenario in Zangon Kataf presents a context of the overlaps of ethnoreligious crises across macro and micro spaces in which the broad Hausa versus non Hausa sentiments influenced the political, economic and social exclusion claims of the Atyap within the context of indigene/settler debates. The study results from a two-year ethnographic fieldwork in the community (between 2012 and 2014) during, which observations, key-informant interviews and focus group discussions were combined with historical data; in unpacking the political economy of the 1992 market crises, and also exploring the politics of inclusion as an effective management strategy on which different state interventions on recent crises in Southern Kaduna could be modelled.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35805702" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="774e67a6761b2bac962f5644ba9a504d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55682552,"asset_id":35805702,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55682552/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NTU0Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1135352" href="https://ibadan.academia.edu/PhilipOlayoku">Philip A Ọláyọkù</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1135352" type="text/json">{"id":1135352,"first_name":"Philip","last_name":"Ọláyọkù","domain_name":"ibadan","page_name":"PhilipOlayoku","display_name":"Philip A Ọláyọkù","profile_url":"https://ibadan.academia.edu/PhilipOlayoku?f_ri=5453","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1135352/398372/485749/s65_philip.olayoku.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_35805702 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="35805702"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 35805702, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_35805702", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=35805702]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_35805702").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_35805702").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="35805702"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1198" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peace_and_Conflict_Studies">Peace and Conflict Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1198" type="text/json">{"id":1198,"name":"Peace and Conflict Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peace_and_Conflict_Studies?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1697" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Violence">Violence</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1697" type="text/json">{"id":1697,"name":"Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Violence?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2860" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postcolonial_Studies">Postcolonial Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2860" type="text/json">{"id":2860,"name":"Postcolonial Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postcolonial_Studies?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5453" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race_and_Ethnicity">Race and Ethnicity</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="5453" type="text/json">{"id":5453,"name":"Race and Ethnicity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race_and_Ethnicity?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=35805702]'), work: {"id":35805702,"title":"HISTORICAL TRAJECTORIES OF ETHNO-POLITICS AND CONFLICT MANAGEMENT IN SOUTHERN KADUNA NIGERIA","created_at":"2018-01-31T07:24:30.279-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/35805702/HISTORICAL_TRAJECTORIES_OF_ETHNO_POLITICS_AND_CONFLICT_MANAGEMENT_IN_SOUTHERN_KADUNA_NIGERIA?f_ri=5453","dom_id":"work_35805702","summary":"The indigene/settler question has been central to scholarly discourses on land ownership, ethnicity and identity in Nigeria. The legacies of the 1804 Jihad and the subsequent divide and rule colonial model of governance are extant in the perennial struggles for territorial control and dominance of political, economic, religious and socio-cultural spaces. In Northcentral Nigeria, the Southern Kaduna scenario in Zangon Kataf presents a context of the overlaps of ethnoreligious crises across macro and micro spaces in which the broad Hausa versus non Hausa sentiments influenced the political, economic and social exclusion claims of the Atyap within the context of indigene/settler debates. The study results from a two-year ethnographic fieldwork in the community (between 2012 and 2014) during, which observations, key-informant interviews and focus group discussions were combined with historical data; in unpacking the political economy of the 1992 market crises, and also exploring the politics of inclusion as an effective management strategy on which different state interventions on recent crises in Southern Kaduna could be modelled.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":55682552,"asset_id":35805702,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1135352,"first_name":"Philip","last_name":"Ọláyọkù","domain_name":"ibadan","page_name":"PhilipOlayoku","display_name":"Philip A Ọláyọkù","profile_url":"https://ibadan.academia.edu/PhilipOlayoku?f_ri=5453","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1135352/398372/485749/s65_philip.olayoku.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1198,"name":"Peace and Conflict 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Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Studies?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1138" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Womens_Studies">Women's Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1138" type="text/json">{"id":1138,"name":"Women's Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Womens_Studies?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4714" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sexuality">Sexuality</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4714" type="text/json">{"id":4714,"name":"Sexuality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sexuality?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=6814033]'), work: {"id":6814033,"title":"Intersections: The Simultaneity of Race, Gender and Class in Organization Studiesg wao_400 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href="https://www.academia.edu/3046761/_Letters_of_Bondage_The_Merengue_Polemic_and_Textual_Blackface_in_El_Ponce%C3%B1o_1852_1854_">“ Letters of Bondage: The Merengue Polemic and Textual Blackface in El Ponceño, 1852-1854”</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3046761" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e01586be6c29b3b0d87f9a26e5028654" rel="nofollow" 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type="text/json">{"id":6556,"name":"Colonialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colonialism?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15346" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Puerto_Rico">Puerto Rico</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="15346" type="text/json">{"id":15346,"name":"Puerto Rico","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Puerto_Rico?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16234" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dance_History">Dance History</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="16234" type="text/json">{"id":16234,"name":"Dance History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dance_History?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=3046761]'), work: {"id":3046761,"title":"“ Letters of Bondage: The Merengue Polemic and 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Ethnicity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race_and_Ethnicity?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false},{"id":6556,"name":"Colonialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colonialism?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false},{"id":15346,"name":"Puerto Rico","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Puerto_Rico?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false},{"id":16234,"name":"Dance History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dance_History?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_35687199" data-work_id="35687199" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35687199/_The_Unbearable_Whiteness_of_Whiteness_">“The Unbearable Whiteness of Whiteness”</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Amidst the expected, punning advertisements for data companies lining the drive into San Francisco, one passes a lone cultural billboard depicting Klimt’s The Virgin (1913). The image advertises Klimt & Rodin: An Artistic Encounter at the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_35687199" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Amidst the expected, punning advertisements for data companies lining the drive into San Francisco, one passes a lone cultural billboard depicting Klimt’s The Virgin (1913). The image advertises Klimt & Rodin: An Artistic Encounter at the Legion of Honor. Below the image of entwined pale, female flesh against a tapestry of vibrant color are the words: “Gives off seriously sexual vibes,” excerpted from a review in San Francisco Magazine. Klimt & Rodin showcases the two male artists’ interest in depicting the white female subject, an art historical mainstay since the splash of Praxiteles’s naked Aphrodite of Knidos. Vibrant colors and gilt dominates the non-figural spaces of Klimt’s canvases, but not the subjects’ bodies, which are rendered in light flesh tones, highlighted with pale yellows and pinks. Rodin’s sculptures, in contrast, are hewn from monochrome materials—marble, bronze, clay—with no surface treatments. If the “seriously sexual vibes” advertised on the billboard come from the expected space of white female (and feminized) subjectivity, the “artistic encounter” on display is one of medium—of painting’s uncontested polychrome in contrast to the insistent monochrome of modern sculpture.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35687199" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e93ffb999d1ab18826b5a860720c9c68" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":76722757,"asset_id":35687199,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/76722757/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NTU0Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="478728" href="https://johnshopkins.academia.edu/JenniferStager">Jennifer Stager</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="478728" type="text/json">{"id":478728,"first_name":"Jennifer","last_name":"Stager","domain_name":"johnshopkins","page_name":"JenniferStager","display_name":"Jennifer Stager","profile_url":"https://johnshopkins.academia.edu/JenniferStager?f_ri=5453","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/478728/161938/39236046/s65_jennifer.stager.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_35687199 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="35687199"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 35687199, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_35687199", }); 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The image advertises Klimt \u0026 Rodin: An Artistic Encounter at the Legion of Honor. Below the image of entwined pale, female flesh against a tapestry of vibrant color are the words: “Gives off seriously sexual vibes,” excerpted from a review in San Francisco Magazine. Klimt \u0026 Rodin showcases the two male artists’ interest in depicting the white female subject, an art historical mainstay since the splash of Praxiteles’s naked Aphrodite of Knidos. Vibrant colors and gilt dominates the non-figural spaces of Klimt’s canvases, but not the subjects’ bodies, which are rendered in light flesh tones, highlighted with pale yellows and pinks. Rodin’s sculptures, in contrast, are hewn from monochrome materials—marble, bronze, clay—with no surface treatments. If the “seriously sexual vibes” advertised on the billboard come from the expected space of white female (and feminized) subjectivity, the “artistic encounter” on display is one of medium—of painting’s uncontested polychrome in contrast to the insistent monochrome of modern sculpture.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":76722757,"asset_id":35687199,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":478728,"first_name":"Jennifer","last_name":"Stager","domain_name":"johnshopkins","page_name":"JenniferStager","display_name":"Jennifer Stager","profile_url":"https://johnshopkins.academia.edu/JenniferStager?f_ri=5453","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/478728/161938/39236046/s65_jennifer.stager.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2809,"name":"Conservation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false},{"id":5453,"name":"Race and Ethnicity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race_and_Ethnicity?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false},{"id":10453,"name":"Feminism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feminism?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false},{"id":14546,"name":"Modernism (Art History)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modernism_Art_History_?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false},{"id":22453,"name":"Materiality of Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materiality_of_Art?f_ri=5453"},{"id":34327,"name":"Intersectionality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intersectionality?f_ri=5453"},{"id":47199,"name":"Hollywood","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hollywood?f_ri=5453"},{"id":59737,"name":"Aphrodite","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aphrodite?f_ri=5453"},{"id":73483,"name":"Polychromy in Ancient 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type="text/json">{"id":2089,"name":"Social Identity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Identity?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5453" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race_and_Ethnicity">Race and Ethnicity</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5453" type="text/json">{"id":5453,"name":"Race and Ethnicity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race_and_Ethnicity?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5878" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nationalism">Nationalism</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="5878" type="text/json">{"id":5878,"name":"Nationalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nationalism?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1110234]'), work: {"id":1110234,"title":"Applying social identity and self-categorization theories to children's racial, ethnic, national, and state identiﬁcations and attitudes","created_at":"2011-11-22T19:26:31.576-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1110234/Applying_social_identity_and_self_categorization_theories_to_childrens_racial_ethnic_national_and_state_identifications_and_attitudes?f_ri=5453","dom_id":"work_1110234","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37785718,"asset_id":1110234,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":973601,"first_name":"Martyn","last_name":"Barrett","domain_name":"surrey","page_name":"MartynBarrett","display_name":"Martyn Barrett","profile_url":"https://surrey.academia.edu/MartynBarrett?f_ri=5453","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/973601/354200/35851490/s65_martyn.barrett.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":252,"name":"Developmental Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developmental_Psychology?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false},{"id":2089,"name":"Social Identity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Identity?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false},{"id":5453,"name":"Race and Ethnicity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race_and_Ethnicity?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false},{"id":5878,"name":"Nationalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nationalism?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false},{"id":5908,"name":"Intergroup Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intergroup_Relations?f_ri=5453"},{"id":9985,"name":"Group Processes \u0026 Intergroup Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Group_Processes_and_Intergroup_Relations?f_ri=5453"},{"id":10422,"name":"National Identity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/National_Identity?f_ri=5453"},{"id":13132,"name":"Social Developmental Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Developmental_Psychology?f_ri=5453"},{"id":13770,"name":"Developmental Social Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developmental_Social_Psychology?f_ri=5453"},{"id":18338,"name":"Attitudes (Social Psychology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Attitudes_Social_Psychology_?f_ri=5453"},{"id":24748,"name":"Ethnicity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnicity?f_ri=5453"},{"id":391715,"name":"Ethnicity and National Identity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnicity_and_National_Identity?f_ri=5453"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_3494112" data-work_id="3494112" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3494112/Refugee_Memories_and_Asian_American_Critique">Refugee Memories and Asian American Critique</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3494112" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="20574f4ef6c3f3fa0c17aa20e98eea36" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":31235862,"asset_id":3494112,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/31235862/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NTU0Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa 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data-has-card-for-ri="128" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History">History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="128" type="text/json">{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="294" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnic_Studies">Ethnic Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="294" type="text/json">{"id":294,"name":"Ethnic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnic_Studies?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1031" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Southeast_Asian_Studies">Southeast Asian Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1031" type="text/json">{"id":1031,"name":"Southeast Asian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Southeast_Asian_Studies?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2432" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Race_Studies">Critical Race Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2432" type="text/json">{"id":2432,"name":"Critical Race Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Race_Studies?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=3494112]'), work: {"id":3494112,"title":"Refugee Memories and Asian American Critique","created_at":"2013-05-08T13:49:44.393-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/3494112/Refugee_Memories_and_Asian_American_Critique?f_ri=5453","dom_id":"work_3494112","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":31235862,"asset_id":3494112,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4044731,"first_name":"Viet","last_name":"Nguyen","domain_name":"usc","page_name":"VietNguyen","display_name":"Viet 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Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Race_Theory?f_ri=5453"},{"id":5453,"name":"Race and Ethnicity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race_and_Ethnicity?f_ri=5453"},{"id":10006,"name":"Ethnic and Racial Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnic_and_Racial_Studies?f_ri=5453"},{"id":13355,"name":"Vietnam War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vietnam_War?f_ri=5453"},{"id":28660,"name":"Asian American Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Asian_American_Literature?f_ri=5453"},{"id":39869,"name":"Refugees","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Refugees?f_ri=5453"},{"id":77727,"name":"Critical Studies of Race and Ethnicity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Studies_of_Race_and_Ethnicity?f_ri=5453"},{"id":146250,"name":"Vietnamese American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vietnamese_American_Studies?f_ri=5453"},{"id":357703,"name":"Critical Race and Ethnic Studies (CRES)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Race_and_Ethnic_Studies_CRES_?f_ri=5453"},{"id":391715,"name":"Ethnicity and National Identity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnicity_and_National_Identity?f_ri=5453"},{"id":904804,"name":"Critical Ethnic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Ethnic_Studies?f_ri=5453"},{"id":931982,"name":"Refugee memory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Refugee_memory?f_ri=5453"},{"id":963898,"name":"Critical Refugee Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Refugee_Studies?f_ri=5453"},{"id":963907,"name":"Race \u0026 Ethnic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race_and_Ethnic_Studies-1?f_ri=5453"},{"id":963911,"name":"Southeast Asian and Asian American Histories and Cultures","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Southeast_Asian_and_Asian_American_Histories_and_Cultures?f_ri=5453"},{"id":963914,"name":"Hmong American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hmong_American_Studies?f_ri=5453"},{"id":963917,"name":"War \u0026 U.S. Imperialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/War_and_U.S._Imperialism?f_ri=5453"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_632087" data-work_id="632087" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/632087/_Common_Cause_On_the_Black_Immigrant_Debate_and_Constructing_the_Muslim_American">"Common Cause": On the Black-Immigrant Debate and Constructing the Muslim American</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This essay considers the ways in which an “ethnic studies” analysis might be used to think through issues of tension and conflict between Black and immigrant Muslims, in particular the ways in which those in each group have sought to... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_632087" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This essay considers the ways in which an “ethnic studies” analysis might be used to think through issues of tension and conflict between Black and immigrant Muslims, in particular the ways in which those in each group have sought to articulate their visions of Islam in the quest for Muslim American political enfranchisement and social equity. I argue that these <br />Black-immigrant Muslim relations would be well-served to be examined through the discourse of Black-Asian intersection and comparative racial formation which has emanated mainly from <br />ethnic and Asian American studies fields. I then propose critical race studies scholar Eric Yamamoto’s application of “restorative justice”—a theory of justice which seeks to repair harm <br />through a cooperative processes between the parties involved—as a means to facilitate future discussions of racial and ethnic difference between Black and immigrant American Muslim <br />communities, as well as a framework for how Muslim Americans can productively engage the state in ways that account for the trauma and violence their communities have experienced since <br />9/11.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/632087" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ccfb363921ffcb197b4ad3d674a2d01d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":3416852,"asset_id":632087,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/3416852/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NTU0Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="173448" href="https://rutgers.academia.edu/SylviaChanMalik">Sylvia Chan-Malik</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="173448" type="text/json">{"id":173448,"first_name":"Sylvia","last_name":"Chan-Malik","domain_name":"rutgers","page_name":"SylviaChanMalik","display_name":"Sylvia Chan-Malik","profile_url":"https://rutgers.academia.edu/SylviaChanMalik?f_ri=5453","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/173448/43392/16311775/s65_sylvia.chan-malik.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_632087 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="632087"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 632087, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_632087", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=632087]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_632087").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_632087").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="632087"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="106" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion">Religion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="106" type="text/json">{"id":106,"name":"Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3059" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion_and_Politics">Religion and Politics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3059" type="text/json">{"id":3059,"name":"Religion and Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion_and_Politics?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5453" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race_and_Ethnicity">Race and Ethnicity</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5453" type="text/json">{"id":5453,"name":"Race and Ethnicity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race_and_Ethnicity?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="133527" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race_and_Islam_in_America">Race and Islam in America</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="133527" type="text/json">{"id":133527,"name":"Race and Islam in America","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race_and_Islam_in_America?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=632087]'), work: {"id":632087,"title":"\"Common Cause\": On the Black-Immigrant Debate and Constructing the Muslim American","created_at":"2011-05-31T00:47:24.868-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/632087/_Common_Cause_On_the_Black_Immigrant_Debate_and_Constructing_the_Muslim_American?f_ri=5453","dom_id":"work_632087","summary":"This essay considers the ways in which an “ethnic studies” analysis might be used to think through issues of tension and conflict between Black and immigrant Muslims, in particular the ways in which those in each group have sought to articulate their visions of Islam in the quest for Muslim American political enfranchisement and social equity. I argue that these \nBlack-immigrant Muslim relations would be well-served to be examined through the discourse of Black-Asian intersection and comparative racial formation which has emanated mainly from \nethnic and Asian American studies fields. I then propose critical race studies scholar Eric Yamamoto’s application of “restorative justice”—a theory of justice which seeks to repair harm \nthrough a cooperative processes between the parties involved—as a means to facilitate future discussions of racial and ethnic difference between Black and immigrant American Muslim \ncommunities, as well as a framework for how Muslim Americans can productively engage the state in ways that account for the trauma and violence their communities have experienced since \n9/11. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":3416852,"asset_id":632087,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":173448,"first_name":"Sylvia","last_name":"Chan-Malik","domain_name":"rutgers","page_name":"SylviaChanMalik","display_name":"Sylvia Chan-Malik","profile_url":"https://rutgers.academia.edu/SylviaChanMalik?f_ri=5453","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/173448/43392/16311775/s65_sylvia.chan-malik.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":106,"name":"Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false},{"id":3059,"name":"Religion and Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion_and_Politics?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false},{"id":5453,"name":"Race and Ethnicity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race_and_Ethnicity?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false},{"id":133527,"name":"Race and Islam in America","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race_and_Islam_in_America?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37026532" data-work_id="37026532" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37026532/Reclaimed_Voices_On_the_Parallels_Between_Sandy_Stones_Counter_Discourse_and_bell_hooks_Oppositional_Gaze">Reclaimed Voices, On the Parallels Between Sandy Stone's Counter Discourse and bell hooks' Oppositional Gaze</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In this paper, I explain how the gender binary is described by Sandy Stone, an academic theorist, media theorist and author, and considered a founder of the academic discipline of transgender studies, as a matter of space from which trans... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37026532" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In this paper, I explain how the gender binary is described by Sandy Stone, an academic theorist, media theorist and author, and considered a founder of the academic discipline of transgender studies, as a matter of space from which trans people cannot participate in the discourse. I use this notion of gender as a matter of space to compare Stone’s discourse to that of feminist theorist and artist bell hooks, who describes the position of black women as a matter of space as well – a space from which black women develop an oppositional gaze and thus engage in the discourse, instead of being excluded from it. I compare Stone’s strategy of reclaiming the insult and the notion of counter discourse that arises from that with hooks’ notion of the oppositional gaze, as I examine how these new discourses can lead to forms of agency in a context of oppression. I take into consideration philosopher of feminist epistemology Sandra Harding’s Standpoint Theory,  in order to understand Stone’s and hooks’ creation of a critical space that is developed through the deconstruction of oppressive binary systems, and in which knowledge and agency are generated by marginalized groups.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37026532" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="230f6892817db5a0157904ac006ba940" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56976657,"asset_id":37026532,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56976657/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NTU0Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="87013647" href="https://uu.academia.edu/FransBlokhuis">Frans Blokhuis</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="87013647" type="text/json">{"id":87013647,"first_name":"Frans","last_name":"Blokhuis","domain_name":"uu","page_name":"FransBlokhuis","display_name":"Frans Blokhuis","profile_url":"https://uu.academia.edu/FransBlokhuis?f_ri=5453","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/87013647/20061463/19829772/s65_frans.blokhuis.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37026532 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37026532"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37026532, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37026532", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37026532]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_37026532").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_37026532").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="37026532"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="94" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Discourse_Analysis">Discourse Analysis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="94" type="text/json">{"id":94,"name":"Discourse Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Discourse_Analysis?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="696" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Studies">Gender Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="696" type="text/json">{"id":696,"name":"Gender Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Studies?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2432" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Race_Studies">Critical Race Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2432" type="text/json">{"id":2432,"name":"Critical Race Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Race_Studies?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2624" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transgender_Studies">Transgender Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2624" type="text/json">{"id":2624,"name":"Transgender Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transgender_Studies?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=37026532]'), work: {"id":37026532,"title":"Reclaimed Voices, On the Parallels Between Sandy Stone's Counter Discourse and bell hooks' Oppositional Gaze","created_at":"2018-07-11T08:49:59.198-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/37026532/Reclaimed_Voices_On_the_Parallels_Between_Sandy_Stones_Counter_Discourse_and_bell_hooks_Oppositional_Gaze?f_ri=5453","dom_id":"work_37026532","summary":"In this paper, I explain how the gender binary is described by Sandy Stone, an academic theorist, media theorist and author, and considered a founder of the academic discipline of transgender studies, as a matter of space from which trans people cannot participate in the discourse. I use this notion of gender as a matter of space to compare Stone’s discourse to that of feminist theorist and artist bell hooks, who describes the position of black women as a matter of space as well – a space from which black women develop an oppositional gaze and thus engage in the discourse, instead of being excluded from it. I compare Stone’s strategy of reclaiming the insult and the notion of counter discourse that arises from that with hooks’ notion of the oppositional gaze, as I examine how these new discourses can lead to forms of agency in a context of oppression. I take into consideration philosopher of feminist epistemology Sandra Harding’s Standpoint Theory, in order to understand Stone’s and hooks’ creation of a critical space that is developed through the deconstruction of oppressive binary systems, and in which knowledge and agency are generated by marginalized groups.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":56976657,"asset_id":37026532,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":87013647,"first_name":"Frans","last_name":"Blokhuis","domain_name":"uu","page_name":"FransBlokhuis","display_name":"Frans Blokhuis","profile_url":"https://uu.academia.edu/FransBlokhuis?f_ri=5453","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/87013647/20061463/19829772/s65_frans.blokhuis.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":94,"name":"Discourse Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Discourse_Analysis?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false},{"id":696,"name":"Gender 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href="https://www.academia.edu/75184127/The_Identity_Analysis_of_Yussef_El_Guindi_s_Ten_Acrobats_in_an_Amazing_Leap_of_Faith">The Identity Analysis of Yussef El Guindi’s Ten Acrobats in an Amazing Leap of Faith</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/75184127" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7776551dd2695e5138fbf492df6a82aa" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":83055671,"asset_id":75184127,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" 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Stress</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/17248140" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="de1176f098d3cbf4fab4ed55b048b72b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":39400256,"asset_id":17248140,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39400256/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NTU0Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i 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class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37051867/Beyond_denial_not_racism_as_racist_violence">Beyond denial: 'not racism' as racist violence</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">While the idea that racism is accompanied by its denial is well established, this paper examines the widespread explicit advocacy of a stance of ‘not racism’. The rejection of racism by proponents of positions that hinder the cause of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37051867" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">While the idea that racism is accompanied by its denial is well established, this paper examines the widespread explicit advocacy of a stance of ‘not racism’. The rejection of racism by proponents of positions that hinder the cause of racial justice is the discursive next step in ‘postracial’ racism. I examine the various ways in which racism has been proposed to be an ‘unhelpful’ framework. I make the case that the dominant position within philosophy of race that racism is, first and foremost, a moral failing has unwittingly contributed to the emergence of ‘not racism’ as a dominant expression in race thinking today. Following an examination of several key moral philosophical analyses of racism, I illustrate my argument that ‘not racism’ is a form of racist violence with reference to several recent and contemporary cases against the backdrop of the rise of ‘Global Trumpism’.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37051867" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="bab8ee3e857d6679bfafbd92e1f26698" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57002655,"asset_id":37051867,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57002655/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NTU0Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="27119" href="https://westernsydney.academia.edu/AlanaLentin">Alana Lentin</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="27119" type="text/json">{"id":27119,"first_name":"Alana","last_name":"Lentin","domain_name":"westernsydney","page_name":"AlanaLentin","display_name":"Alana Lentin","profile_url":"https://westernsydney.academia.edu/AlanaLentin?f_ri=5453","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/27119/8852/12259086/s65_alana.lentin.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37051867 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37051867"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37051867, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37051867", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37051867]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_37051867").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_37051867").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="37051867"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2432" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Race_Studies">Critical Race Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2432" type="text/json">{"id":2432,"name":"Critical Race Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Race_Studies?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3277" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race_and_Racism">Race and Racism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3277" type="text/json">{"id":3277,"name":"Race and Racism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race_and_Racism?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5247" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Race_Theory">Critical Race Theory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5247" type="text/json">{"id":5247,"name":"Critical Race Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Race_Theory?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5453" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race_and_Ethnicity">Race and Ethnicity</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="5453" type="text/json">{"id":5453,"name":"Race and Ethnicity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race_and_Ethnicity?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=37051867]'), work: {"id":37051867,"title":"Beyond denial: 'not racism' as racist violence","created_at":"2018-07-15T18:36:14.968-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/37051867/Beyond_denial_not_racism_as_racist_violence?f_ri=5453","dom_id":"work_37051867","summary":"While the idea that racism is accompanied by its denial is well established, this paper examines the widespread explicit advocacy of a stance of ‘not racism’. The rejection of racism by proponents of positions that hinder the cause of racial justice is the discursive next step in ‘postracial’ racism. I examine the various ways in which racism has been proposed to be an ‘unhelpful’ framework. I make the case that the dominant position within philosophy of race that racism is, first and foremost, a moral failing has unwittingly contributed to the emergence of ‘not racism’ as a dominant expression in race thinking today. Following an examination of several key moral philosophical analyses of racism, I illustrate my argument that ‘not racism’ is a form of racist violence with reference to several recent and contemporary cases against the backdrop of the rise of ‘Global Trumpism’.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57002655,"asset_id":37051867,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":27119,"first_name":"Alana","last_name":"Lentin","domain_name":"westernsydney","page_name":"AlanaLentin","display_name":"Alana Lentin","profile_url":"https://westernsydney.academia.edu/AlanaLentin?f_ri=5453","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/27119/8852/12259086/s65_alana.lentin.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2432,"name":"Critical Race Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Race_Studies?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false},{"id":3277,"name":"Race and Racism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race_and_Racism?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false},{"id":5247,"name":"Critical Race Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Race_Theory?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false},{"id":5453,"name":"Race and Ethnicity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race_and_Ethnicity?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false},{"id":11639,"name":"Racism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Racism?f_ri=5453"},{"id":15312,"name":"Philosophy Of Race","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_Of_Race?f_ri=5453"},{"id":16069,"name":"Critical Race Theory and Whiteness theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Race_Theory_and_Whiteness_theory?f_ri=5453"},{"id":19231,"name":"Race and ethnicity (Anthropology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race_and_ethnicity_Anthropology_?f_ri=5453"},{"id":24294,"name":"Gender and Race","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_and_Race?f_ri=5453"},{"id":28507,"name":"History of Race and Ethnicity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Race_and_Ethnicity?f_ri=5453"},{"id":53238,"name":"Race","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race?f_ri=5453"},{"id":539318,"name":"Antiracism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antiracism?f_ri=5453"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_33544358" data-work_id="33544358" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33544358/Pluralism_and_Integration_pdf">Pluralism and Integration.pdf</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">A theoretical examination of race and ethnic relations in terms of pluralism and integration based on equality versus those based on inequality.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/33544358" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4312ad6588b7902acfb2eb60b96ad8ea" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53574332,"asset_id":33544358,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53574332/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NTU0Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4571630" href="https://ucsb.academia.edu/ReginaldDaniel">Reginald Daniel</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4571630" type="text/json">{"id":4571630,"first_name":"Reginald","last_name":"Daniel","domain_name":"ucsb","page_name":"ReginaldDaniel","display_name":"Reginald Daniel","profile_url":"https://ucsb.academia.edu/ReginaldDaniel?f_ri=5453","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_33544358 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="33544358"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 33544358, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_33544358", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_33544358 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33544358; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_33544358"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_33544358 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="33544358"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33544358; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33544358]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_33544358").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_33544358").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="33544358"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5453" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race_and_Ethnicity">Race and Ethnicity</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="5453" type="text/json">{"id":5453,"name":"Race and Ethnicity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race_and_Ethnicity?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=33544358]'), work: {"id":33544358,"title":"Pluralism and Integration.pdf","created_at":"2017-06-18T21:25:23.781-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/33544358/Pluralism_and_Integration_pdf?f_ri=5453","dom_id":"work_33544358","summary":"A theoretical examination of race and ethnic relations in terms of pluralism and integration based on equality versus those based on inequality.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53574332,"asset_id":33544358,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4571630,"first_name":"Reginald","last_name":"Daniel","domain_name":"ucsb","page_name":"ReginaldDaniel","display_name":"Reginald Daniel","profile_url":"https://ucsb.academia.edu/ReginaldDaniel?f_ri=5453","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5453,"name":"Race and Ethnicity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race_and_Ethnicity?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_76841917" data-work_id="76841917" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/76841917/Abdias_do_Nascimento_e_o_Museu_de_Arte_Negra">Abdias do Nascimento e o Museu de Arte Negra</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">O artigo busca contribuir para o debate acerca dos museus, coleções e representações tendo como foco o caso do Museu de Arte Negra (MAN), organizado pelo ativista, escritor e pintor Abdias do Nascimento. Dessa maneira, apresenta uma... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_76841917" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">O artigo busca contribuir para o debate acerca dos museus, coleções e representações tendo como foco o caso do Museu de Arte Negra (MAN), organizado pelo ativista, escritor e pintor Abdias do Nascimento. Dessa maneira, apresenta uma perspectiva multidisciplinar, que envolve discussões que perpassam a história da arte, a antropologia e a sociologia, com objetivo de apresentar o impacto das relações raciais no campo da arte.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/76841917" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="234cad81ba5319f33ec6e75d90e8ce87" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":84402934,"asset_id":76841917,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/84402934/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NTU0Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="34471023" href="https://uerj.academia.edu/SantosMyrian">Myrian Santos</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="34471023" type="text/json">{"id":34471023,"first_name":"Myrian","last_name":"Santos","domain_name":"uerj","page_name":"SantosMyrian","display_name":"Myrian Santos","profile_url":"https://uerj.academia.edu/SantosMyrian?f_ri=5453","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/34471023/27578324/25907104/s65_myrian.santos.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_76841917 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="76841917"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 76841917, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_76841917", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_76841917 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 76841917; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_76841917"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_76841917 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="76841917"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 76841917; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=76841917]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_76841917").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_76841917").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="76841917"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1657" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Museum_Studies">Museum Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1657" type="text/json">{"id":1657,"name":"Museum Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Museum_Studies?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5453" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race_and_Ethnicity">Race and Ethnicity</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5453" type="text/json">{"id":5453,"name":"Race and Ethnicity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race_and_Ethnicity?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26558" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visual_Arts">Visual Arts</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="26558" type="text/json">{"id":26558,"name":"Visual Arts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visual_Arts?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1545780" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/MODOS">MODOS</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1545780" type="text/json">{"id":1545780,"name":"MODOS","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/MODOS?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=76841917]'), work: {"id":76841917,"title":"Abdias do Nascimento e o Museu de Arte Negra","created_at":"2022-04-18T09:04:19.960-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/76841917/Abdias_do_Nascimento_e_o_Museu_de_Arte_Negra?f_ri=5453","dom_id":"work_76841917","summary":"O artigo busca contribuir para o debate acerca dos museus, coleções e representações tendo como foco o caso do Museu de Arte Negra (MAN), organizado pelo ativista, escritor e pintor Abdias do Nascimento. Dessa maneira, apresenta uma perspectiva multidisciplinar, que envolve discussões que perpassam a história da arte, a antropologia e a sociologia, com objetivo de apresentar o impacto das relações raciais no campo da arte.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":84402934,"asset_id":76841917,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":34471023,"first_name":"Myrian","last_name":"Santos","domain_name":"uerj","page_name":"SantosMyrian","display_name":"Myrian Santos","profile_url":"https://uerj.academia.edu/SantosMyrian?f_ri=5453","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/34471023/27578324/25907104/s65_myrian.santos.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1657,"name":"Museum Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Museum_Studies?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false},{"id":5453,"name":"Race and Ethnicity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race_and_Ethnicity?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false},{"id":26558,"name":"Visual Arts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visual_Arts?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false},{"id":1545780,"name":"MODOS","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/MODOS?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_49442311" data-work_id="49442311" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/49442311/Authenticity_and_Black_Music">Authenticity and Black Music</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Authenticity occupies a central position in sociology and those social science fields, which deal with subcultures and racial identity. When considered alongside music and culture, aspects of legitimacy and imagery emerge and are debated.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/49442311" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a90393030fb4f7c5ff9bcbd56b9bdca1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":67792805,"asset_id":49442311,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67792805/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NTU0Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="197492113" href="https://independent.academia.edu/dieumercimuvbamakiese">dieu-merci muvba-makiese</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="197492113" type="text/json">{"id":197492113,"first_name":"dieu-merci","last_name":"muvba-makiese","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"dieumercimuvbamakiese","display_name":"dieu-merci muvba-makiese","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/dieumercimuvbamakiese?f_ri=5453","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/197492113/59572324/53057945/s65_dieu-merci.muvba-makiese.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_49442311 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="49442311"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 49442311, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_49442311", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=49442311]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_49442311").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_49442311").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="49442311"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="184" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology">Sociology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="184" type="text/json">{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="687" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Musicology">Musicology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="687" type="text/json">{"id":687,"name":"Musicology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Musicology?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2858" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Popular_Culture">Popular Culture</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2858" type="text/json">{"id":2858,"name":"Popular Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Popular_Culture?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3499" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_and_Cultural_Anthropology">Social and Cultural Anthropology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3499" type="text/json">{"id":3499,"name":"Social and Cultural Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_and_Cultural_Anthropology?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=49442311]'), work: {"id":49442311,"title":"Authenticity and Black Music","created_at":"2021-06-28T11:47:14.420-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/49442311/Authenticity_and_Black_Music?f_ri=5453","dom_id":"work_49442311","summary":"Authenticity occupies a central position in sociology and those social science fields, which deal with subcultures and racial identity. When considered alongside music and culture, aspects of legitimacy and imagery emerge and are debated.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":67792805,"asset_id":49442311,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":197492113,"first_name":"dieu-merci","last_name":"muvba-makiese","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"dieumercimuvbamakiese","display_name":"dieu-merci muvba-makiese","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/dieumercimuvbamakiese?f_ri=5453","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/197492113/59572324/53057945/s65_dieu-merci.muvba-makiese.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false},{"id":687,"name":"Musicology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Musicology?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false},{"id":2858,"name":"Popular Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Popular_Culture?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false},{"id":3499,"name":"Social and Cultural Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_and_Cultural_Anthropology?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false},{"id":3646,"name":"Social Representations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Representations?f_ri=5453"},{"id":5453,"name":"Race and Ethnicity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race_and_Ethnicity?f_ri=5453"},{"id":7725,"name":"Urban Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_Studies?f_ri=5453"},{"id":14904,"name":"Hip-Hop/Rap","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hip-Hop_Rap?f_ri=5453"},{"id":188224,"name":"Rap music","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rap_music?f_ri=5453"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_9259565" data-work_id="9259565" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9259565/The_concept_of_ethnicity_illustrated_with_examples_of_the_geographical_region_of_Macedonia">The concept of ethnicity, illustrated with examples of the geographical region of Macedonia</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/9259565" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9c7f58639df041d14e9b25ec516a60df" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":35526662,"asset_id":9259565,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/35526662/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NTU0NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="973987" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HansVermeulen">Hans Vermeulen</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="973987" type="text/json">{"id":973987,"first_name":"Hans","last_name":"Vermeulen","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HansVermeulen","display_name":"Hans Vermeulen","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HansVermeulen?f_ri=5453","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/973987/3159279/3719118/s65_hans.vermeulen.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_9259565 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="9259565"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 9259565, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_9259565", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_9259565 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9259565; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_9259565"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_9259565 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="9259565"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9259565; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9259565]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_9259565").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_9259565").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="9259565"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5453" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race_and_Ethnicity">Race and Ethnicity</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5453" type="text/json">{"id":5453,"name":"Race and Ethnicity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race_and_Ethnicity?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12098" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnic_Identity">Ethnic Identity</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12098" type="text/json">{"id":12098,"name":"Ethnic Identity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnic_Identity?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17920" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Constructionism_Constructivism">Social Constructionism/ Constructivism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="17920" type="text/json">{"id":17920,"name":"Social Constructionism/ Constructivism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Constructionism_Constructivism?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="55025" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Macedonian_Question">Macedonian Question</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="55025" type="text/json">{"id":55025,"name":"Macedonian Question","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Macedonian_Question?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=9259565]'), work: {"id":9259565,"title":"The concept of ethnicity, illustrated with examples of the geographical region of Macedonia","created_at":"2014-11-11T18:08:05.215-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/9259565/The_concept_of_ethnicity_illustrated_with_examples_of_the_geographical_region_of_Macedonia?f_ri=5453","dom_id":"work_9259565","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":35526662,"asset_id":9259565,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":973987,"first_name":"Hans","last_name":"Vermeulen","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HansVermeulen","display_name":"Hans Vermeulen","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HansVermeulen?f_ri=5453","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/973987/3159279/3719118/s65_hans.vermeulen.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5453,"name":"Race and Ethnicity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race_and_Ethnicity?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false},{"id":12098,"name":"Ethnic Identity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnic_Identity?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false},{"id":17920,"name":"Social Constructionism/ Constructivism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Constructionism_Constructivism?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false},{"id":55025,"name":"Macedonian Question","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Macedonian_Question?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_30737194 coauthored" data-work_id="30737194" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/30737194/One_way_Trip_Essays_on_Mediterranean_Migration">One way Trip. Essays on Mediterranean Migration</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">After a historical overview of migration within Europe after the fall of the Berlin Wall (Minnucci), this collection of essays addresses Mediterranean issues: the case of Ceuta and Melilla (Sagnella), the relationship between Tunisia and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_30737194" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">After a historical overview of migration within Europe after the fall of the Berlin Wall (Minnucci), this collection of essays addresses Mediterranean issues: the case of Ceuta and Melilla (Sagnella), the relationship between Tunisia and the European Union (Gerli), the changes in North Africa from the Arab Spring to the Islamic State (Musso), the Lampedusa case (Strano), some European Models of citizenship (Turco), a focus on female genital mutilation/cutting in the context of migration (Faraca) and another one on the representation of immigrants in Italian Media (Elbreki). This collection of essays by young researchers analyzes, through various innovative approaches, the role of the Mediterranean and migration experiences.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/30737194" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b2a2f208f74964434c73a7f10d66dc65" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":51183113,"asset_id":30737194,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51183113/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NTU0NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="52891173" href="https://unipg.academia.edu/GianlucaGerli">Gianluca Gerli</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="52891173" type="text/json">{"id":52891173,"first_name":"Gianluca","last_name":"Gerli","domain_name":"unipg","page_name":"GianlucaGerli","display_name":"Gianluca Gerli","profile_url":"https://unipg.academia.edu/GianlucaGerli?f_ri=5453","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-30737194">+2</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-30737194"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://unistrasi.academia.edu/VirginiaMinnucci">Virginia Minnucci</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://unistrapg.academia.edu/AnnagraziaFaraca">Annagrazia Faraca</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-30737194'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-30737194').html(); 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This collection of essays by young researchers analyzes, through various innovative approaches, the role of the Mediterranean and migration experiences.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":51183113,"asset_id":30737194,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":52891173,"first_name":"Gianluca","last_name":"Gerli","domain_name":"unipg","page_name":"GianlucaGerli","display_name":"Gianluca Gerli","profile_url":"https://unipg.academia.edu/GianlucaGerli?f_ri=5453","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":11142526,"first_name":"Virginia","last_name":"Minnucci","domain_name":"unistrasi","page_name":"VirginiaMinnucci","display_name":"Virginia Minnucci","profile_url":"https://unistrasi.academia.edu/VirginiaMinnucci?f_ri=5453","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/11142526/11664538/37082511/s65_virginia.minnucci.jpg"},{"id":13461960,"first_name":"Annagrazia","last_name":"Faraca","domain_name":"unistrapg","page_name":"AnnagraziaFaraca","display_name":"Annagrazia Faraca","profile_url":"https://unistrapg.academia.edu/AnnagraziaFaraca?f_ri=5453","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false},{"id":208,"name":"Social Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Movements?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false},{"id":379,"name":"African Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Studies?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false},{"id":696,"name":"Gender Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Studies?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false},{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=5453"},{"id":1237,"name":"Social Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Sciences?f_ri=5453"},{"id":1439,"name":"Globalization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Globalization?f_ri=5453"},{"id":1483,"name":"Foreign Policy Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Foreign_Policy_Analysis?f_ri=5453"},{"id":2015,"name":"Middle East Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_Studies?f_ri=5453"},{"id":2411,"name":"Migration mobilities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Migration_mobilities?f_ri=5453"},{"id":2835,"name":"Refugee Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Refugee_Studies?f_ri=5453"},{"id":2860,"name":"Postcolonial Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postcolonial_Studies?f_ri=5453"},{"id":3516,"name":"Contemporary History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contemporary_History?f_ri=5453"},{"id":3657,"name":"Anthropology of the Body","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology_of_the_Body?f_ri=5453"},{"id":3768,"name":"Legal Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Legal_Anthropology?f_ri=5453"},{"id":3843,"name":"Immigration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immigration?f_ri=5453"},{"id":3870,"name":"African Diaspora Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Diaspora_Studies?f_ri=5453"},{"id":3896,"name":"African History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_History?f_ri=5453"},{"id":4850,"name":"Migration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Migration?f_ri=5453"},{"id":5272,"name":"Identity (Culture)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Identity_Culture_?f_ri=5453"},{"id":5453,"name":"Race and Ethnicity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race_and_Ethnicity?f_ri=5453"},{"id":5709,"name":"Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Politics?f_ri=5453"},{"id":6556,"name":"Colonialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colonialism?f_ri=5453"},{"id":10758,"name":"Modernity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modernity?f_ri=5453"},{"id":11150,"name":"Islamic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Studies?f_ri=5453"},{"id":11203,"name":"International Migration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Migration?f_ri=5453"},{"id":13674,"name":"European Immigration and Asylum Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Immigration_and_Asylum_Law?f_ri=5453"},{"id":14580,"name":"Forced Migration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forced_Migration?f_ri=5453"},{"id":14730,"name":"Migration 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Pluralism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Rights_and_Legal_Pluralism?f_ri=5453"},{"id":56908,"name":"Imperialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Imperialism?f_ri=5453"},{"id":134693,"name":"Refugees and Forced Migration Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Refugees_and_Forced_Migration_Studies?f_ri=5453"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37017396 coauthored" data-work_id="37017396" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37017396/About_Curating_as_Anti_Racist_Practice">About Curating as Anti-Racist Practice</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A short introduction to the book. The anthology Curating as Anti-Racist Practice reflects upon museums and exhibitions from the perspective of postcolonial museology, and critical migration and regime research. Beyond critical analysis,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37017396" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A short introduction to the book. The anthology Curating as Anti-Racist Practice reflects upon museums and exhibitions from the perspective of postcolonial museology, and critical migration and regime research. Beyond critical analysis, this collection of texts is about collecting strategies and forms of action that make it possible to think of curating as anti-racist practice. Using as springboards the intersections between social battlefields and curatorial practices, as well as a focus on agency, this book examines the relationality of struggles for and against representation. Therefore, the focus is on discursive strategies of resistance, contact zones and approaches to re-appropriation.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37017396" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="127a18f6f18393d226f21fe090d32255" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56967172,"asset_id":37017396,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56967172/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NTU0NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2689609" href="https://hfbk.academia.edu/NoraSternfeld">Nora Sternfeld</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2689609" type="text/json">{"id":2689609,"first_name":"Nora","last_name":"Sternfeld","domain_name":"hfbk","page_name":"NoraSternfeld","display_name":"Nora Sternfeld","profile_url":"https://hfbk.academia.edu/NoraSternfeld?f_ri=5453","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2689609/860872/13012374/s65_nora.sternfeld.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-37017396">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-37017396"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/NatalieBayer">Natalie Bayer</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-37017396'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-37017396').html(); 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The anthology Curating as Anti-Racist Practice reflects upon museums and exhibitions from the perspective of postcolonial museology, and critical migration and regime research. Beyond critical analysis, this collection of texts is about collecting strategies and forms of action that make it possible to think of curating as anti-racist practice. Using as springboards the intersections between social battlefields and curatorial practices, as well as a focus on agency, this book examines the relationality of struggles for and against representation. Therefore, the focus is on discursive strategies of resistance, contact zones and approaches to re-appropriation.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":56967172,"asset_id":37017396,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2689609,"first_name":"Nora","last_name":"Sternfeld","domain_name":"hfbk","page_name":"NoraSternfeld","display_name":"Nora Sternfeld","profile_url":"https://hfbk.academia.edu/NoraSternfeld?f_ri=5453","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2689609/860872/13012374/s65_nora.sternfeld.jpg"},{"id":1291977,"first_name":"Natalie","last_name":"Bayer","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"NatalieBayer","display_name":"Natalie Bayer","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/NatalieBayer?f_ri=5453","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1291977/896822/1120598/s65_natalie.bayer.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":296,"name":"Black Studies Or African American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Black_Studies_Or_African_American_Studies?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false},{"id":1386,"name":"Art Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Art_Theory?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false},{"id":1657,"name":"Museum Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Museum_Studies?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false},{"id":2860,"name":"Postcolonial Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postcolonial_Studies?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false},{"id":3051,"name":"Contemporary Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contemporary_Art?f_ri=5453"},{"id":5453,"name":"Race and Ethnicity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race_and_Ethnicity?f_ri=5453"},{"id":11469,"name":"Curating","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Curating?f_ri=5453"},{"id":43150,"name":"Anti-Racism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anti-Racism?f_ri=5453"},{"id":445622,"name":"Curating contemporary art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Curating_contemporary_art?f_ri=5453"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_8313433" data-work_id="8313433" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8313433/Jane_Elliot_s_Blue_Eyes_and_Brown_Eyes_Experiment_A_Reaction">Jane Elliot’s Blue Eyes and Brown Eyes Experiment: A Reaction</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper presents the author’s reaction to watching the Jane Elliot’s “Blue Eyes and Brown Eyes Experiment” and answers the question: Do you believe that it is still necessary to teach children about prejudice, racism, discrimination... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_8313433" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper presents the author’s reaction to watching the Jane Elliot’s “Blue Eyes and Brown Eyes Experiment” and answers the question: Do you believe that it is still necessary to teach children about prejudice, racism, discrimination and "difference," in a classroom setting? Note: Because this is a reaction paper, it is written in first person.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/8313433" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c54530b58b2d9f11959d3a53c5e69bff" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":34721369,"asset_id":8313433,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34721369/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NTU0NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="15518433" href="https://rockies.academia.edu/MyrnaWashington">Goddess Dr. Myrna-Elois Washington</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="15518433" type="text/json">{"id":15518433,"first_name":"Goddess Dr. Myrna-Elois","last_name":"Washington","domain_name":"rockies","page_name":"MyrnaWashington","display_name":"Goddess Dr. Myrna-Elois Washington","profile_url":"https://rockies.academia.edu/MyrnaWashington?f_ri=5453","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/15518433/4192882/32994936/s65_myrna-elois.washington.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_8313433 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="8313433"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 8313433, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_8313433", }); 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Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnic_Studies?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="382" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eastern_European_Studies">Eastern European Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="382" type="text/json">{"id":382,"name":"Eastern European Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eastern_European_Studies?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="797" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations">International Relations</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="797" type="text/json">{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=3731289]'), work: {"id":3731289,"title":"Czechs, 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Zionism and Jewish Nationalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/HIstory_of_Zionism_and_Jewish_Nationalism?f_ri=5453"},{"id":1118791,"name":"Ethic Cleasing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethic_Cleasing?f_ri=5453"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_20437269 coauthored" data-work_id="20437269" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/20437269/_Racism_just_isnt_an_issue_anymore_Preservice_teachers_resistances_to_the_intersections_of_sexuality_and_race">"Racism just isn't an issue anymore": Preservice teachers' resistances to the intersections of sexuality and race</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Through year-long focus group interviews with members of a secondary English Education cohort this paper considers both 1) participants' understandings of sexuality and race and 2) how participants' understandings of sexuality and race... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_20437269" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Through year-long focus group interviews with members of a secondary English Education cohort this paper considers both 1) participants' understandings of sexuality and race and 2) how participants' understandings of sexuality and race shaped their interactions with one another. Themes established through data analysis suggested that 1) participants maintained positioned racism as an historical issue that contrasted with the contemporaneity of LGBTQ issues; 2) participants resisted intersecting race and sexuality; 3) participants silenced Andy, the only queer student of color, when she argued for the intersectionality of race and sexuality.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/20437269" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="65132f0bcda7ed2ac89bb6476455ee7f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":41371466,"asset_id":20437269,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41371466/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NTU0NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="8079785" href="https://uncc.academia.edu/MeghanBarnes">Meghan Barnes</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="8079785" type="text/json">{"id":8079785,"first_name":"Meghan","last_name":"Barnes","domain_name":"uncc","page_name":"MeghanBarnes","display_name":"Meghan Barnes","profile_url":"https://uncc.academia.edu/MeghanBarnes?f_ri=5453","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8079785/10838281/12096181/s65_meghan.barnes.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-20437269">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-20437269"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://unc.academia.edu/StephanieAnneShelton">Stephanie Anne Shelton</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-20437269'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-20437269').html(); 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González</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">The following is an interview conducted for Octopus: A Visual Studies Journal with Jennifer A. González, author of Subject to Display: Reframing Race in Contemporary Installation Art (The MIT Press, 2008).</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/23033592" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4ad72bbc56e0a768809f3c32626f4012" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":43542674,"asset_id":23033592,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/43542674/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NTU0NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="372655" href="https://neu.academia.edu/NathanBlake">Nathan D Blake</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="372655" type="text/json">{"id":372655,"first_name":"Nathan","last_name":"Blake","domain_name":"neu","page_name":"NathanBlake","display_name":"Nathan D Blake","profile_url":"https://neu.academia.edu/NathanBlake?f_ri=5453","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/372655/114894/979839/s65_nathan.blake.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_23033592 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="23033592"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 23033592, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_23033592", }); 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In Xenophon's Anabasis, Book IV, beginning of Chapter 8. Xenophon's army reaches the land of the Macrones at the east of Trabzon. The Macrones are lined up for... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_12439251" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A life narrative as short addendum to Chapter IV/Lives in Translation. <br /> <br />In Xenophon's Anabasis, Book IV, beginning of Chapter 8. Xenophon's army reaches the land of the Macrones at the east of Trabzon. The Macrones are lined up for battle. At this moment one of the peltasts came up to Xenophon, a man who said that he had been a slave at Athens, with word that he knew the language of these people; “I think,” he went on, “that this is my native country, and if there is nothing to hinder, I should like to have a talk with them.” (4.8.3). 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It seeks to find the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_26614232" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This practice-research based article explores the relationship between mana motuhake (indigenous sovereignty) and white patriarchal sovereignty in Aotearoa New Zealand, focusing on Ngāti Tūwharetoa as a case study. It seeks to find the relevance of Aboriginal academic Aileen Moreton-Robinson's white possessive doctrine to the Aotearoa New Zealand context. In particular, it highlights the racist nature of the law and planning systems and their inadequacies to provide for hapū and iwi (indigenous nation/s). It provides a key theoretical analysis regarding the nature of white patriarchal sovereignty in Aotearoa and the need of the state to appear virtuous, to continue the legacy that started with the Treaty of Waitangi to maintain this whenua (land) as a white possessive. Lastly, the piece questions the position of Britishness within Aotearoa New Zealand and asks key philosophical questions for all about the need to find common understandings or māramatanga about our collective future as a society.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/26614232" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e4863e9d89586f740bd6cf688292e1cf" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46900085,"asset_id":26614232,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46900085/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NTU0NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="482412" href="https://waikato.academia.edu/HemoperekiSimon">Hemopereki Simon</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="482412" type="text/json">{"id":482412,"first_name":"Hemopereki","last_name":"Simon","domain_name":"waikato","page_name":"HemoperekiSimon","display_name":"Hemopereki Simon","profile_url":"https://waikato.academia.edu/HemoperekiSimon?f_ri=5453","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/482412/163210/52467851/s65_hemopereki.simon.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_26614232 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="26614232"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 26614232, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_26614232", }); 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Lastly, the piece questions the position of Britishness within Aotearoa New Zealand and asks key philosophical questions for all about the need to find common understandings or māramatanga about our collective future as a society.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46900085,"asset_id":26614232,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":482412,"first_name":"Hemopereki","last_name":"Simon","domain_name":"waikato","page_name":"HemoperekiSimon","display_name":"Hemopereki Simon","profile_url":"https://waikato.academia.edu/HemoperekiSimon?f_ri=5453","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/482412/163210/52467851/s65_hemopereki.simon.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":926,"name":"Indigenous Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_Studies?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false},{"id":1931,"name":"New Zealand Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/New_Zealand_Studies?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false},{"id":3277,"name":"Race and Racism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race_and_Racism?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false},{"id":5453,"name":"Race and Ethnicity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race_and_Ethnicity?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false},{"id":15149,"name":"Indigenous Peoples Rights","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_Peoples_Rights?f_ri=5453"},{"id":16069,"name":"Critical Race Theory and Whiteness theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Race_Theory_and_Whiteness_theory?f_ri=5453"},{"id":36909,"name":"International Law and the Indigenous Peoples","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Law_and_the_Indigenous_Peoples?f_ri=5453"},{"id":47813,"name":"Planning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Planning?f_ri=5453"},{"id":53144,"name":"Kaupapa Maori Research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kaupapa_Maori_Research?f_ri=5453"},{"id":116108,"name":"New Zealand","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/New_Zealand?f_ri=5453"},{"id":164026,"name":"Maori","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maori?f_ri=5453"},{"id":200377,"name":"Treaty of Waitangi","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treaty_of_Waitangi?f_ri=5453"},{"id":243564,"name":"post-Treaty settlement development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/post-Treaty_settlement_development?f_ri=5453"},{"id":444206,"name":"Indigenous law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_law?f_ri=5453"},{"id":487113,"name":"RMA","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/RMA?f_ri=5453"},{"id":1852086,"name":"Doctrine of Discovery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Doctrine_of_Discovery?f_ri=5453"},{"id":2254250,"name":"Indigenous Law and Governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_Law_and_Governance?f_ri=5453"},{"id":2488546,"name":"white possessive","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/white_possessive?f_ri=5453"},{"id":2488547,"name":"mana motuhake","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/mana_motuhake?f_ri=5453"},{"id":2488548,"name":"Treaty Settlement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treaty_Settlement?f_ri=5453"},{"id":2488549,"name":"Tūwharetoa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/T%C5%ABwharetoa?f_ri=5453"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_9844708" data-work_id="9844708" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9844708/_Book_Race_and_Racism_in_Modern_East_Asia_Interactions_Nationalism_Gender_and_Lineage">(Book) Race and Racism in Modern East Asia: Interactions, Nationalism, Gender and Lineage</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A sequel to the groundbreaking volume Race and Racism in Modern East Asia: Western and Eastern Constructions, the present volume examines in depth interactions between Western racial constructions of East Asians and local constructions of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_9844708" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A sequel to the groundbreaking volume Race and Racism in Modern East Asia: Western and Eastern Constructions, the present volume examines in depth interactions between Western racial constructions of East Asians and local constructions of race and their outcomes in modern times. Focusing on China, Japan and the two Koreas, it also analyzes the close ties between race, racism and nationalism, as well as the links race has had with gender and lineage in the region. Written by some of the field's leading authorities, this insightful and engaging 23-chapter volume offers a sweeping overview and analysis of racial constructions and racism in modern and contemporary East Asia that is unsurpassed in previous scholarship. <br /> <br /> <br />TABLE OF CONTENTS <br />List of Illustrations and Tables <br />Conventions <br />Preface <br /> <br />1. Introduction: The Synthesis of Foreign and Indigenous Constructions of Race in Modern East Asia and Its Actual Operation, Rotem Kowner and Walter Demel <br />I. Antecedents: A Detailed Examination of Early Western Racial Constructions of East Asians <br />II. Interactions: The Fusion of European and Asian Constructions of Race <br />III. Nationalism: Interactions between Race and Ethnic Nationalism in East Asia <br />IV. Gender and Lineage: The Impact of Domestic and Foreign Racial Constructions <br /> <br />PART I: ANTECEDENTS <br />2. East Asians in the Linnaean Taxonomy: Sources and Implications of a Racial Image, Rotem Kowner and Christina Skott <br />The Linnaean Revolution and View of Humankind <br />Sources of Linnaeus’ Racial Perspective on East Asians <br />The Essence of Asia: Swedish Views of China <br />Swedish Reports and Linnaeus’ Revision of His Human Taxonomy <br />Linnaeus’ Legacy and the Unfolding Racial View of East Asians <br />3. Constructing Racial Theories on East Asians as a Transnational “Western” Enterprise, 1750-1850, Walter Demel <br />The Founding Fathers of Racial Theories: Linnaeus, Buffon, Kant and Camper <br />The Second Generation: Multiple Directions <br />4. The ‘Races’ of East Asia in Nineteenth-Century European Encyclopaedias, Georg Lehner <br />Classifying the Peoples of Asia <br />The Encyclopedias' Main Sources for Remarks on the “Races” of East Asia <br />Chinese, Japanese and Koreans: Descriptions of East Asian peoples <br />Stereotypes of East Asians in General Knowledge <br />Visual Representations of Race in Works of General Knowledge <br />Concluding Remarks <br />5. The Racial Image of the Japanese in the Western Press Published in Japan, 1861-1881, Olavi K. Fält <br />Background <br />The Oldest People on Earth <br />The Shining Japanese Race <br />Weak and Inferior Race <br />Praising the Endeavors of a Poor Race <br />Conclusion <br /> <br />PART II: INTERACTIONS <br />6. The Propagation of Racial Thought in Nineteenth-Century China, Daniel Barth <br />The Background: Imperial China and the “Other” <br />Stage I (1846-1851): Marques and Wei Yuan <br />Stage II (1851-1855): Hobson and Muirhead <br />Stage III (1855-1872): The Self-Strengthening Movement <br />Stage IV (1872-1892): John Fryer and the Chinese Scientific and Industrial Magazine <br />Conclusion: Chinese Intellectuals, Social Darwinism and Race <br />7. Learning from the South: Japan's Racial Construction of Southern Chinese, 1895-1941, Huei-Ying Kuo <br />The South Seas as Japan’s Backyard, 1895-1914 <br />Japan's Expansion into the Southern Chinese Networks, 1914-1928 <br />Chinese Anti-Japanese Nationalism and Japanese Discourses on South Seas Chinese, 1928-1936 <br />Southern Chinese as Non-Han Races, 1936-1941 <br />Conclusions <br />8. “The Great Question of the World Today”: Britain, the Dominions, East Asian Immigration and the Threat of Race War, 1905-11, Antony Best <br />Immigration and “the Awakening of Asia” <br />The Prophets of Race War <br />Critics of White Solidarity <br />Finessing the Racial Divide <br />Conclusions <br />9. “Uplifting the Weak and Degenerated Races of East Asia”: American and Indigenous Views of Sport and Body in Early Twentieth-Century East Asia, Stefan Hübner <br />Sportive Citizenship Training in the Philippines <br />Chinese Cooperation and Acceptance of American-Style Modernization <br />Japanese Resistance and its Defeat by American Style Modernization <br />Conclusion <br />10. Racism under Negotiation: The Japanese Race in the Nazi-German Perspective, Gerhard Krebs <br />Early Nazi Views on the Japanese Racial Position <br />Becoming More Aryan <br />The Problem with the Japanese in the Nazi Worldview <br />Continuing Mutual Mistrust <br />The End <br />11. Discourses of Race and Racism in Modern Korea, 1890s-1945 , Vladimir Tikhonov <br />Race and Its Uncertainties <br />The Emergence of Race Theories in Modern Korea: One of the Logics of the “Civilized World” <br />“Race” and “Ethnic Nation” in Colonial Korea, 1910-1945 <br />Conclusion: Race as a Path to Modernist Self-assertion? <br />12. The United States Arrives: Racialization and Racism in Post-1945 South Korea, Nadia Y. Kim <br />Contextual Background: America Marches In and Mass Mediates <br />The American Military, Whiteness, and Imperialist Racial Formation <br />American Mass Media, White Heroes, and Counter-Hegemony <br />Blackness and Imperialist Racial Formation <br />Racism and Invisibility in Korean “America” <br />Concluding Remarks <br />13. A Post-Communist Coexistence in Northeast Asia? Mutual Racial Attitudes among Russians and Indigenous Peoples of Siberia, David Lewis <br />Discrimination against Siberian Peoples as an Outcome of Racial Prejudice <br />The Origin and Legacy of Russian Attitudes to Asians <br />Racial Attitudes among Indigenous Siberian Peoples <br />The Communist Model of Racial Modus Vivendi <br />The Impact of Prolonged Racism on Indigenous Siberian Peoples <br />Marriage as an Anti-Racist Means in a Multi-Racial Society <br /> <br />PART III: NATIONALISM <br />14. Nationalism and Internationalism: Sino-American Racial Perceptions of the Korean War, Lü Xun <br />Descendants of the Mongolian Hordes: American Perceptions of the Chinese <br />The Ambitious Wolf: Chinese Perceptions of Americans <br />The Mirrored Self: A Nation-State in the Making <br />15. Gangtai Patriotic Songs and Racialized Chinese Nationalism, Yinghong Cheng <br />Gangtai Patriotic Songs: A “Colored” Political Genre of Pop Music <br />A Tacit Collaboration between the Party-State and Capitalist Cultural Producers in Hong Kong and Taiwan <br />The Interaction between Gangtai Patriotic Songs and Chinese Popular Nationalism <br />Analyses <br />Concluding Remarks <br />16. Japanese as Both a “Race” and a “Non-Race”: The Politics of Jinshu and Minzoku and the Depoliticization of Japaneseness, Yuko Kawai <br />The Historical Trajectories of Jinshu and Minzoku <br />Being a “Race” and a “Non-Race” in Present-day Japan: An Empirical Study <br />Conclusions and Implications <br />17. Ethnic Nationalism in Postwar Japan: Nihonjinron and Its Racial Facets, Rotem Kowner and Harumi Befu <br />Premises of Nihonjinron <br />Nihonjinron as a Manifestation of Japanese Nationalism <br />Nihonjinron and Its Concern with Origin, Blood and Racial Hierarchy <br />The Impact of Race-Related Tenets on Everyday Life <br />Functions of Ethnic Nationalism in Contemporary Japan <br />Concluding Remarks <br />18. Ethnic Nationalism and Internationalism in the North Korean Worldview, Tatiana Gabroussenko <br />The Soviet Discourse of the Outside World: Conditional Internationalism <br />The North Korean Worldview in the “Soviet Era”: Echoing the Soviet Paradigm <br />Mono-Ethnicity as a Special Korean Virtue: The Evolution of the North Korean World Vision under the Influence of Juche <br />North Korean Propaganda about Foreigners from Inclusive and Alienating Perspectives <br />Conclusion <br /> <br />PART IV: GENDER AND LINEAGE <br />19. In the Name of the Master: Race, Nationalism and Masculinity in Chinese Martial Arts Cinema, Kai-man Chang <br />From Anti-imperialist Nationalism to Cultural Nationalism <br />Masculinities That Matter <br />Conclusion <br />20. Sexualized Racism, Gender and Nationalism: The Case of Japan’s Sexual Enslavement of Korean “Comfort Women”, Bang-soon Yoon <br />Korean “Comfort Women”: Drawn in as Substitutes <br />The Nature of Victimization <br />Colonial Policies and the Mobilization of Korean Women <br />Treatment of Korean “Comfort Women” <br />Lives under Sexual Slavery <br />Nationalism, Gender and Sexual Violence <br />Conclusion <br />21. “The Guilt Feeling That You Exist”: War, Racism and Indisch-Japanese Identity Formation, Aya Ezawa <br />Power, Discourse, and “Mixed Blood” <br />The Indisch and the Dutch East Indies <br />The Indisch Community under Japanese Occupation <br />Indisch-Japanese Relationships <br />Indisch-Japanese Descendants <br />Conclusion <br />22. ‘The “Amerasian” Knot: Transpacific Crossings of “GI Babies” from Korea to the United States, W. Taejin Hwang <br />“An Act of Both Humanity and Patriotism”: The Amerasian Immigration Act of 1982 <br />“Confucius’ Outcasts”: The Korean Amerasian “Plight” <br />Inter-country Adoption of Korean “GI Babies” <br />Living as a “Mixed-Blood Child” (Honhyeola) in Cold War Korea <br />“Half-American Also is American”: Towards Migration <br />Conclusion and Postscript <br /> <br />PART V: CONCLUSIONS <br />23. The Essence and Mechanisms of Race and Racism in Modern East Asia, Rotem Kowner and Walter Demel <br />The East Asian Contribution to the Study of Race and Racism <br />East Asia’s Role within the Rise of Racial Theory and the Resulting Hybridity <br />Sources and Manifestations of Racism <br />The Close Links between Racism and Nationalism <br />The Role of Gender and Lineage in Constructions of Race and Racism <br />East Asia and the Future of Race and Racism <br />Contributors <br />Bibliography <br />Index</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/9844708" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ee6a55c31729e18faa3717d449d701ea" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":118146196,"asset_id":9844708,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/118146196/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NTU0NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="10007081" href="https://haifa.academia.edu/RotemKowner">Rotem KOWNER</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="10007081" type="text/json">{"id":10007081,"first_name":"Rotem","last_name":"KOWNER","domain_name":"haifa","page_name":"RotemKowner","display_name":"Rotem KOWNER","profile_url":"https://haifa.academia.edu/RotemKowner?f_ri=5453","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/10007081/6433576/109012776/s65_rotem.kowner.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_9844708 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="9844708"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 9844708, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_9844708", }); 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Focusing on China, Japan and the two Koreas, it also analyzes the close ties between race, racism and nationalism, as well as the links race has had with gender and lineage in the region. Written by some of the field's leading authorities, this insightful and engaging 23-chapter volume offers a sweeping overview and analysis of racial constructions and racism in modern and contemporary East Asia that is unsurpassed in previous scholarship.\r\n\r\n\r\nTABLE OF CONTENTS\r\nList of Illustrations and Tables\r\nConventions\r\nPreface\r\n\r\n1. Introduction: The Synthesis of Foreign and Indigenous Constructions of Race in Modern East Asia and Its Actual Operation, Rotem Kowner and Walter Demel\r\nI. Antecedents: A Detailed Examination of Early Western Racial Constructions of East Asians\r\nII. Interactions: The Fusion of European and Asian Constructions of Race\r\nIII. Nationalism: Interactions between Race and Ethnic Nationalism in East Asia\r\nIV. Gender and Lineage: The Impact of Domestic and Foreign Racial Constructions\r\n\r\nPART I: ANTECEDENTS\t\r\n2. East Asians in the Linnaean Taxonomy: Sources and Implications of a Racial Image, Rotem Kowner and Christina Skott\r\nThe Linnaean Revolution and View of Humankind\r\nSources of Linnaeus’ Racial Perspective on East Asians\r\nThe Essence of Asia: Swedish Views of China\r\nSwedish Reports and Linnaeus’ Revision of His Human Taxonomy\r\nLinnaeus’ Legacy and the Unfolding Racial View of East Asians\r\n3. Constructing Racial Theories on East Asians as a Transnational “Western” Enterprise, 1750-1850, Walter Demel\r\nThe Founding Fathers of Racial Theories: Linnaeus, Buffon, Kant and Camper\r\nThe Second Generation: Multiple Directions\r\n4. The ‘Races’ of East Asia in Nineteenth-Century European Encyclopaedias, Georg Lehner\r\nClassifying the Peoples of Asia\r\nThe Encyclopedias' Main Sources for Remarks on the “Races” of East Asia\r\nChinese, Japanese and Koreans: Descriptions of East Asian peoples\r\nStereotypes of East Asians in General Knowledge\r\nVisual Representations of Race in Works of General Knowledge\r\nConcluding Remarks\r\n5. The Racial Image of the Japanese in the Western Press Published in Japan, 1861-1881, Olavi K. Fält\r\nBackground\r\nThe Oldest People on Earth\r\nThe Shining Japanese Race\r\nWeak and Inferior Race\r\nPraising the Endeavors of a Poor Race\r\nConclusion\r\n\r\nPART II: INTERACTIONS\t\r\n6. The Propagation of Racial Thought in Nineteenth-Century China, Daniel Barth\r\nThe Background: Imperial China and the “Other”\r\nStage I (1846-1851): Marques and Wei Yuan\r\nStage II (1851-1855): Hobson and Muirhead\r\nStage III (1855-1872): The Self-Strengthening Movement\r\nStage IV (1872-1892): John Fryer and the Chinese Scientific and Industrial Magazine\r\nConclusion: Chinese Intellectuals, Social Darwinism and Race\r\n7. Learning from the South: Japan's Racial Construction of Southern Chinese, 1895-1941, Huei-Ying Kuo\r\nThe South Seas as Japan’s Backyard, 1895-1914\r\nJapan's Expansion into the Southern Chinese Networks, 1914-1928\r\nChinese Anti-Japanese Nationalism and Japanese Discourses on South Seas Chinese, 1928-1936\r\nSouthern Chinese as Non-Han Races, 1936-1941\r\nConclusions\r\n8. “The Great Question of the World Today”: Britain, the Dominions, East Asian Immigration and the Threat of Race War, 1905-11, Antony Best\r\nImmigration and “the Awakening of Asia”\r\nThe Prophets of Race War\r\nCritics of White Solidarity\r\nFinessing the Racial Divide\r\nConclusions\r\n9. “Uplifting the Weak and Degenerated Races of East Asia”: American and Indigenous Views of Sport and Body in Early Twentieth-Century East Asia, Stefan Hübner\r\nSportive Citizenship Training in the Philippines\r\nChinese Cooperation and Acceptance of American-Style Modernization\r\nJapanese Resistance and its Defeat by American Style Modernization\r\nConclusion\r\n10. Racism under Negotiation: The Japanese Race in the Nazi-German Perspective, Gerhard Krebs\r\nEarly Nazi Views on the Japanese Racial Position\r\nBecoming More Aryan\r\nThe Problem with the Japanese in the Nazi Worldview\r\nContinuing Mutual Mistrust\r\nThe End\r\n11. Discourses of Race and Racism in Modern Korea, 1890s-1945 , Vladimir Tikhonov\r\nRace and Its Uncertainties\r\nThe Emergence of Race Theories in Modern Korea: One of the Logics of the “Civilized World”\r\n“Race” and “Ethnic Nation” in Colonial Korea, 1910-1945\r\nConclusion: Race as a Path to Modernist Self-assertion?\r\n12. The United States Arrives: Racialization and Racism in Post-1945 South Korea, Nadia Y. Kim\r\nContextual Background: America Marches In and Mass Mediates\r\nThe American Military, Whiteness, and Imperialist Racial Formation\r\nAmerican Mass Media, White Heroes, and Counter-Hegemony\r\nBlackness and Imperialist Racial Formation\r\nRacism and Invisibility in Korean “America”\r\nConcluding Remarks\r\n13. A Post-Communist Coexistence in Northeast Asia? Mutual Racial Attitudes among Russians and Indigenous Peoples of Siberia, David Lewis\r\nDiscrimination against Siberian Peoples as an Outcome of Racial Prejudice\r\nThe Origin and Legacy of Russian Attitudes to Asians\r\nRacial Attitudes among Indigenous Siberian Peoples\r\nThe Communist Model of Racial Modus Vivendi\r\nThe Impact of Prolonged Racism on Indigenous Siberian Peoples\r\nMarriage as an Anti-Racist Means in a Multi-Racial Society\r\n\r\nPART III: NATIONALISM\t\r\n14. Nationalism and Internationalism: Sino-American Racial Perceptions of the Korean War, Lü Xun\r\nDescendants of the Mongolian Hordes: American Perceptions of the Chinese\r\nThe Ambitious Wolf: Chinese Perceptions of Americans\r\nThe Mirrored Self: A Nation-State in the Making\r\n15. Gangtai Patriotic Songs and Racialized Chinese Nationalism, Yinghong Cheng\r\nGangtai Patriotic Songs: A “Colored” Political Genre of Pop Music\r\nA Tacit Collaboration between the Party-State and Capitalist Cultural Producers in Hong Kong and Taiwan\r\nThe Interaction between Gangtai Patriotic Songs and Chinese Popular Nationalism\r\nAnalyses\r\nConcluding Remarks\r\n16. Japanese as Both a “Race” and a “Non-Race”: The Politics of Jinshu and Minzoku and the Depoliticization of Japaneseness, Yuko Kawai\r\nThe Historical Trajectories of Jinshu and Minzoku\r\nBeing a “Race” and a “Non-Race” in Present-day Japan: An Empirical Study\r\nConclusions and Implications\r\n17. Ethnic Nationalism in Postwar Japan: Nihonjinron and Its Racial Facets, Rotem Kowner and Harumi Befu\r\nPremises of Nihonjinron\r\nNihonjinron as a Manifestation of Japanese Nationalism\r\nNihonjinron and Its Concern with Origin, Blood and Racial Hierarchy\r\nThe Impact of Race-Related Tenets on Everyday Life\r\nFunctions of Ethnic Nationalism in Contemporary Japan\r\nConcluding Remarks\r\n18. Ethnic Nationalism and Internationalism in the North Korean Worldview, Tatiana Gabroussenko\r\nThe Soviet Discourse of the Outside World: Conditional Internationalism\r\nThe North Korean Worldview in the “Soviet Era”: Echoing the Soviet Paradigm\r\nMono-Ethnicity as a Special Korean Virtue: The Evolution of the North Korean World Vision under the Influence of Juche\r\nNorth Korean Propaganda about Foreigners from Inclusive and Alienating Perspectives\r\nConclusion\r\n\r\nPART IV: GENDER AND LINEAGE\t\r\n19. In the Name of the Master: Race, Nationalism and Masculinity in Chinese Martial Arts Cinema, Kai-man Chang\r\nFrom Anti-imperialist Nationalism to Cultural Nationalism\r\nMasculinities That Matter\r\nConclusion\r\n20. Sexualized Racism, Gender and Nationalism: The Case of Japan’s Sexual Enslavement of Korean “Comfort Women”, Bang-soon Yoon\r\nKorean “Comfort Women”: Drawn in as Substitutes\r\nThe Nature of Victimization\r\nColonial Policies and the Mobilization of Korean Women\r\nTreatment of Korean “Comfort Women”\r\nLives under Sexual Slavery\r\nNationalism, Gender and Sexual Violence\r\nConclusion\r\n21. “The Guilt Feeling That You Exist”: War, Racism and Indisch-Japanese Identity Formation, Aya Ezawa\r\nPower, Discourse, and “Mixed Blood”\r\nThe Indisch and the Dutch East Indies\r\nThe Indisch Community under Japanese Occupation\r\nIndisch-Japanese Relationships\r\nIndisch-Japanese Descendants\r\nConclusion\r\n22. ‘The “Amerasian” Knot: Transpacific Crossings of “GI Babies” from Korea to the United States, W. Taejin Hwang\r\n“An Act of Both Humanity and Patriotism”: The Amerasian Immigration Act of 1982\r\n“Confucius’ Outcasts”: The Korean Amerasian “Plight”\r\nInter-country Adoption of Korean “GI Babies”\r\nLiving as a “Mixed-Blood Child” (Honhyeola) in Cold War Korea\r\n“Half-American Also is American”: Towards Migration\r\nConclusion and Postscript\r\n\r\nPART V: CONCLUSIONS\r\n23. The Essence and Mechanisms of Race and Racism in Modern East Asia, Rotem Kowner and Walter Demel\r\nThe East Asian Contribution to the Study of Race and Racism\r\nEast Asia’s Role within the Rise of Racial Theory and the Resulting Hybridity\r\nSources and Manifestations of Racism\r\nThe Close Links between Racism and Nationalism\r\nThe Role of Gender and Lineage in Constructions of Race and Racism\r\nEast Asia and the Future of Race and Racism\r\nContributors\r\nBibliography\r\nIndex\r\n\r\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":118146196,"asset_id":9844708,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":10007081,"first_name":"Rotem","last_name":"KOWNER","domain_name":"haifa","page_name":"RotemKowner","display_name":"Rotem KOWNER","profile_url":"https://haifa.academia.edu/RotemKowner?f_ri=5453","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/10007081/6433576/109012776/s65_rotem.kowner.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":294,"name":"Ethnic 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u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/48955825/The_Shape_of_Sex_Nonbinary_Gender_from_Genesis_to_the_Renaissance_New_York_Columbia_University_Press_2021_">The Shape of Sex: Nonbinary Gender from Genesis to the Renaissance (New York: Columbia University Press, 2021).</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The intro is available on my personal website via the link. The Shape of Sex is a pathbreaking history of nonbinary sex, focusing on ideas and individuals who allegedly combined or crossed sex or gender categories from 200–1400 C.E.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_48955825" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The intro is available on my personal website via the link. The Shape of Sex is a pathbreaking history of nonbinary sex, focusing on ideas and individuals who allegedly combined or crossed sex or gender categories from 200–1400 C.E. Ranging widely across premodern European thought and culture, Leah DeVun reveals how and why efforts to define “the human” so often hinged on ideas about nonbinary sex. <br /><br />The Shape of Sex examines a host of thinkers—theologians, cartographers, natural philosophers, lawyers, poets, surgeons, and alchemists—who used ideas about nonbinary sex as conceptual tools to order their political, cultural, and natural worlds. DeVun reconstructs the cultural landscape navigated by individuals whose sex or gender did not fit the binary alongside debates about animality, sexuality, race, religion, and human nature. The Shape of Sex charts an embrace of nonbinary sex in early Christianity, its brutal erasure at the turn of the thirteenth century, and a new enthusiasm for nonbinary transformations at the dawn of the Renaissance. Along the way, DeVun explores beliefs that Adam and Jesus were nonbinary-sexed; images of “monstrous races” in encyclopedias, maps, and illuminated manuscripts; justifications for violence against purportedly nonbinary outsiders such as Jews and Muslims; and the surgical “correction” of bodies that seemed to flout binary divisions. <br /><br />In a moment when questions about sex, gender, and identity have become incredibly urgent, The Shape of Sex casts new light on a complex and often contradictory past. It shows how premodern thinkers created a system of sex and embodiment that both anticipates and challenges modern beliefs about what it means to be male, female—and human.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/48955825" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="573a6d3c7ea544f72f05753201c72785" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":67351777,"asset_id":48955825,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67351777/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NTU0NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3805546" href="https://rutgers.academia.edu/LeahDeVun">Leah DeVun</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3805546" type="text/json">{"id":3805546,"first_name":"Leah","last_name":"DeVun","domain_name":"rutgers","page_name":"LeahDeVun","display_name":"Leah DeVun","profile_url":"https://rutgers.academia.edu/LeahDeVun?f_ri=5453","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3805546/1382565/41589759/s65_leah.devun.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_48955825 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="48955825"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 48955825, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_48955825", }); 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The Shape of Sex is a pathbreaking history of nonbinary sex, focusing on ideas and individuals who allegedly combined or crossed sex or gender categories from 200–1400 C.E. Ranging widely across premodern European thought and culture, Leah DeVun reveals how and why efforts to define “the human” so often hinged on ideas about nonbinary sex. \n\nThe Shape of Sex examines a host of thinkers—theologians, cartographers, natural philosophers, lawyers, poets, surgeons, and alchemists—who used ideas about nonbinary sex as conceptual tools to order their political, cultural, and natural worlds. DeVun reconstructs the cultural landscape navigated by individuals whose sex or gender did not fit the binary alongside debates about animality, sexuality, race, religion, and human nature. The Shape of Sex charts an embrace of nonbinary sex in early Christianity, its brutal erasure at the turn of the thirteenth century, and a new enthusiasm for nonbinary transformations at the dawn of the Renaissance. Along the way, DeVun explores beliefs that Adam and Jesus were nonbinary-sexed; images of “monstrous races” in encyclopedias, maps, and illuminated manuscripts; justifications for violence against purportedly nonbinary outsiders such as Jews and Muslims; and the surgical “correction” of bodies that seemed to flout binary divisions. \n\nIn a moment when questions about sex, gender, and identity have become incredibly urgent, The Shape of Sex casts new light on a complex and often contradictory past. It shows how premodern thinkers created a system of sex and embodiment that both anticipates and challenges modern beliefs about what it means to be male, female—and human.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":67351777,"asset_id":48955825,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3805546,"first_name":"Leah","last_name":"DeVun","domain_name":"rutgers","page_name":"LeahDeVun","display_name":"Leah DeVun","profile_url":"https://rutgers.academia.edu/LeahDeVun?f_ri=5453","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3805546/1382565/41589759/s65_leah.devun.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":109,"name":"Christianity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christianity?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false},{"id":696,"name":"Gender Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Studies?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false},{"id":699,"name":"Queer Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Queer_Studies?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false},{"id":983,"name":"Jewish Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jewish_Studies?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false},{"id":1078,"name":"Intersexuality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intersexuality?f_ri=5453"},{"id":1302,"name":"Theology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theology?f_ri=5453"},{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History?f_ri=5453"},{"id":2059,"name":"History of Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Religion?f_ri=5453"},{"id":2272,"name":"Gender History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_History?f_ri=5453"},{"id":2273,"name":"History of Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Medicine?f_ri=5453"},{"id":2624,"name":"Transgender Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transgender_Studies?f_ri=5453"},{"id":2853,"name":"Medieval Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies?f_ri=5453"},{"id":3723,"name":"History of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Science?f_ri=5453"},{"id":4917,"name":"Gender and Sexuality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_and_Sexuality?f_ri=5453"},{"id":4918,"name":"Gay And Lesbian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gay_And_Lesbian_Studies?f_ri=5453"},{"id":5265,"name":"Alchemy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alchemy?f_ri=5453"},{"id":5453,"name":"Race and Ethnicity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race_and_Ethnicity?f_ri=5453"},{"id":22386,"name":"Medieval Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Art?f_ri=5453"},{"id":49663,"name":"Women and Gender Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Women_and_Gender_Studies?f_ri=5453"},{"id":1778279,"name":"Medieval Sexuality and Gender","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Sexuality_and_Gender?f_ri=5453"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_3800618" data-work_id="3800618" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3800618/All_the_Gays_are_White_and_all_the_Blacks_are_Straight_Black_Gay_Men_Identity_and_Community">All the Gays are White and all the Blacks are Straight: Black Gay Men, Identity, and Community</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The research on which this study reports was informed by the following questions: Do Black gay men identify more closely with a racial identity or with a sexual identity? What experiences influence the saliency of a racial or sexual... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_3800618" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The research on which this study reports was informed by the following questions: Do Black gay men identify more closely with a racial identity or with a sexual identity? What experiences influence the saliency of a racial or sexual identity for Black gay men? How do Black gay men use daily interactions to inform a sense of self? Essentially, how do Black gay men negotiate stigmatized identities? Based on 50 in-depth interviews with self-identified Black gay men, the author highlights three emergent models of identity negotiations: interlocking identities, up–down identities, and public–private identities. Identifying the strategies Black gay men use to understand both themselves and the larger Black and gay communities helps illuminate the diversity within those communities and highlights the ways in which individuals who find themselves at the intersections of racial and sexual stigma understand themselves and the larger communities to which they belong.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3800618" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="13caf0a6e93a7817b5361338a2a10d0f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":31460264,"asset_id":3800618,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/31460264/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NTU0NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4672812" href="https://jiangnan.academia.edu/FAnik">Fardin Anik (范丁)</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4672812" type="text/json">{"id":4672812,"first_name":"Fardin","last_name":"Anik (范丁)","domain_name":"jiangnan","page_name":"FAnik","display_name":"Fardin Anik (范丁)","profile_url":"https://jiangnan.academia.edu/FAnik?f_ri=5453","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4672812/1964028/83763457/s65_fardin.anik.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_3800618 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="3800618"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 3800618, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_3800618", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=3800618]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_3800618").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_3800618").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="3800618"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4917" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_and_Sexuality">Gender and Sexuality</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4917" type="text/json">{"id":4917,"name":"Gender and Sexuality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_and_Sexuality?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5453" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race_and_Ethnicity">Race and Ethnicity</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5453" type="text/json">{"id":5453,"name":"Race and Ethnicity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race_and_Ethnicity?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26743" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intersectionality_and_Social_Inequality">Intersectionality and Social Inequality</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="26743" type="text/json">{"id":26743,"name":"Intersectionality and Social Inequality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intersectionality_and_Social_Inequality?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=3800618]'), work: {"id":3800618,"title":"All the Gays are White and all the Blacks are Straight: Black Gay Men, Identity, and Community","created_at":"2013-06-26T22:37:21.600-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/3800618/All_the_Gays_are_White_and_all_the_Blacks_are_Straight_Black_Gay_Men_Identity_and_Community?f_ri=5453","dom_id":"work_3800618","summary":"The research on which this study reports was informed by the following questions: Do Black gay men identify more closely with a racial identity or with a sexual identity? What experiences influence the saliency of a racial or sexual identity for Black gay men? How do Black gay men use daily interactions to inform a sense of self? Essentially, how do Black gay men negotiate stigmatized identities? Based on 50 in-depth interviews with self-identified Black gay men, the author highlights three emergent models of identity negotiations: interlocking identities, up–down identities, and public–private identities. Identifying the strategies Black gay men use to understand both themselves and the larger Black and gay communities helps illuminate the diversity within those communities and highlights the ways in which individuals who find themselves at the intersections of racial and sexual stigma understand themselves and the larger communities to which they belong.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":31460264,"asset_id":3800618,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4672812,"first_name":"Fardin","last_name":"Anik (范丁)","domain_name":"jiangnan","page_name":"FAnik","display_name":"Fardin Anik (范丁)","profile_url":"https://jiangnan.academia.edu/FAnik?f_ri=5453","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4672812/1964028/83763457/s65_fardin.anik.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4917,"name":"Gender and Sexuality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_and_Sexuality?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false},{"id":5453,"name":"Race and Ethnicity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race_and_Ethnicity?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false},{"id":26743,"name":"Intersectionality and Social Inequality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intersectionality_and_Social_Inequality?f_ri=5453","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_531125" data-work_id="531125" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/531125/Race_as_a_Kind_of_Speech_Act">Race as a Kind of Speech Act</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/531125" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="532687fdb88e5860d4ff0c0efe220785" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":7591663,"asset_id":531125,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/7591663/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NTU0NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="312635" href="https://uic.academia.edu/JonathanXavierInda">Jonathan Xavier Inda</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="312635" type="text/json">{"id":312635,"first_name":"Jonathan Xavier","last_name":"Inda","domain_name":"uic","page_name":"JonathanXavierInda","display_name":"Jonathan Xavier Inda","profile_url":"https://uic.academia.edu/JonathanXavierInda?f_ri=5453","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/312635/62884/19562136/s65_jonathan_xavier.inda.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_531125 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="531125"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 531125, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_531125", }); 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Race and the Multiracial Subject in Danzy Senna's You Are Free and Teju Cole's Open City</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/8808244" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8f0dfb5f7d87fc31d4df59504ee732be" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":35154494,"asset_id":8808244,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/35154494/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NTU0NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="8325929" href="https://uni-leipzig.academia.edu/EwaAdamkiewicz">Ewa Adamkiewicz</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="8325929" type="text/json">{"id":8325929,"first_name":"Ewa","last_name":"Adamkiewicz","domain_name":"uni-leipzig","page_name":"EwaAdamkiewicz","display_name":"Ewa Adamkiewicz","profile_url":"https://uni-leipzig.academia.edu/EwaAdamkiewicz?f_ri=5453","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8325929/2836739/35980570/s65_ewa.adamkiewicz.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_8808244 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="8808244"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 8808244, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_8808244", }); 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