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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Zaloguj się</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Strony dla anonimowych edytorów <a href="/wiki/Pomoc:Pierwsze_kroki" aria-label="Dowiedz się więcej na temat edytowania"><span>dowiedz się więcej</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:M%C3%B3j_wk%C5%82ad" title="Lista edycji wykonanych z tego adresu IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Edycje</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Moja_dyskusja" title="Dyskusja użytkownika dla tego adresu IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Dyskusja</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Witryna"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Spis treści" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Spis treści</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Początek</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Historia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Historia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stanowisko_archeologiczne" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stanowisko_archeologiczne"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Stanowisko archeologiczne</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stanowisko_archeologiczne-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zobacz_też" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zobacz_też"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Zobacz też</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zobacz_też-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Spis treści" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Przełącz stan spisu treści" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Przełącz stan spisu treści</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Taksila</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Przejdź do artykułu w innym języku. Treść dostępna w 62 językach" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-62" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">62 języki</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%B3%E1%8A%AD%E1%88%B2%E1%88%8B" title="ታክሲላ – amharski" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ታክሲላ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A7" title="تاكسيلا – arabski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تاكسيلا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE" title="তক্ষশিলা – asamski" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="তক্ষশিলা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="asamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE" title="তক্ষশীলা – bengalski" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="তক্ষশীলা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Таксила – bułgarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Таксила" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bułgarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A0xila" title="Tàxila – kataloński" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Tàxila" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="kataloński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxila" title="Taxila – czeski" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Taxila" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="czeski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxila" title="Taxila – duński" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Taxila" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="duński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxila" title="Taxila – niemiecki" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Taxila" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="niemiecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%AC%CE%BE%CE%B9%CE%BB%CE%B1" title="Τάξιλα – grecki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τάξιλα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxila" title="Taxila – angielski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Taxila" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angielski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxila" title="Taxila – hiszpański" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Taxila" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hiszpański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taksila" title="Taksila – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Taksila" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taksila" title="Taksila – baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Taksila" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7" title="تاکسیلا – perski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تاکسیلا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxila" title="Taxila – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Taxila" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%A4%E0%AA%95%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B7%E0%AA%B6%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%B2%E0%AA%BE" title="તક્ષશિલા – gudżarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="તક્ષશિલા" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gudżarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE" title="तक्षशिला – konkani (Goa)" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="तक्षशिला" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="konkani (Goa)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%83%81%EC%8B%A4%EB%9D%BC" title="탁실라 – koreański" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="탁실라" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B9%D5%A1%D6%84%D5%BD%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%A1" title="Թաքսիլա – ormiański" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Թաքսիլա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="ormiański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE" title="तक्षशिला – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="तक्षशिला" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taksila" title="Taksila – chorwacki" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Taksila" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="chorwacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxila" title="Taxila – indonezyjski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Taxila" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxila" title="Taxila – włoski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Taxila" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="włoski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%9B%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%90" title="תכסילא – hebrajski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תכסילא" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B7%E0%B2%B6%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BE" title="ತಕ್ಷಶಿಲಾ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ತಕ್ಷಶಿಲಾ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90" title="ტაქსილა – gruziński" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ტაქსილა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruziński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Таксила – kazachski" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Таксила" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazachski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taksila" title="Taksila – łotewski" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Taksila" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="łotewski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taksila" title="Taksila – litewski" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Taksila" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litewski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takszila" title="Takszila – węgierski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Takszila" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="węgierski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE" title="तक्षशिला – maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="तक्षशिला" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B2" title="തക്ഷശില – malajalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="തക്ഷശില" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE" title="तक्षशिला – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="तक्षशिला" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A7" title="تاكسيلا – egipski arabski" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="تاكسيلا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egipski arabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%90%E1%80%80%E1%80%B9%E1%80%80%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AC" title="တက္ကသီလာ – birmański" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="တက္ကသီလာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxila_(Pakistan)" title="Taxila (Pakistan) – niderlandzki" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Taxila (Pakistan)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="niderlandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE" title="तक्षशिला – nepalski" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="तक्षशिला" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%BF%E3%82%AD%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A9" title="タキシラ – japoński" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="タキシラ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxila" title="Taxila – norweski (bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Taxila" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norweski (bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taksila" title="Taksila – uzbecki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Taksila" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE" title="ਤਕਸ਼ਿਲਾ – pendżabski" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਤਕਸ਼ਿਲਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pendżabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%B9%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%8C_%D9%BE%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="ٹیکسلا، پنجاب – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ٹیکسلا، پنجاب" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BC%DB%90%DA%A9%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7" title="ټېکسلا – paszto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ټېکسلا" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paszto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxila" title="Taxila – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Taxila" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxila" title="Taxila – rumuński" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Taxila" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumuński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Таксила – rosyjski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Таксила" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rosyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%AD%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%82%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8F" title="තක්ෂිලා – syngaleski" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="තක්ෂිලා" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="syngaleski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxila" title="Taxila – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Taxila" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BD%D9%8A%DA%AA%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A7" title="ٽيڪسيلا – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ٽيڪسيلا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taksila" title="Taksila – serbsko-chorwacki" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Taksila" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbsko-chorwacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taksila" title="Taksila – fiński" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Taksila" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="fiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxila" title="Taxila – szwedzki" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Taxila" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="szwedzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE" title="தக்சசீலா – tamilski" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தக்சசீலா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B7%E0%B0%B6%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B2" title="తక్షశిల – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="తక్షశిల" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2" title="ตักศิลา – tajski" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ตักศิลา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxila" title="Taxila – turecki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Taxila" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Таксила – ukraiński" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Таксила" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%B9%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7" title="ٹیکسلا – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ٹیکسلا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxila" title="Taxila – wietnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Taxila" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="wietnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E5%8D%A1%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89" title="塔卡斯拉 – kantoński" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="塔卡斯拉" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E5%85%8B%E8%A5%BF%E6%8B%89" title="塔克西拉 – chiński" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="塔克西拉" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q156093#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edytuj linki pomiędzy wersjami językowymi" class="wbc-editpage">Edytuj linki</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Przestrzenie nazw"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Taksila" title="Zobacz stronę treści [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artykuł</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dyskusja:Taksila&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Dyskusja o zawartości tej strony (strona nie istnieje) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Dyskusja</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Zmień wariant języka" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">polski</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Widok"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Taksila"><span>Czytaj</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taksila&veaction=edit" title="Edytuj tę stronę [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Edytuj</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taksila&action=edit" title="Edycja kodu źródłowego strony [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edytuj kod źródłowy</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taksila&action=history" title="Starsze wersje tej strony [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Wyświetl historię</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Narzędzia dla stron"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Narzędzia" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Narzędzia</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Narzędzia</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Więcej opcji" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Działania </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Taksila"><span>Czytaj</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taksila&veaction=edit" title="Edytuj tę stronę [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Edytuj</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taksila&action=edit" title="Edycja kodu źródłowego strony [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edytuj kod źródłowy</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taksila&action=history"><span>Wyświetl historię</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ogólne </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Linkuj%C4%85ce/Taksila" title="Pokaż listę wszystkich stron linkujących do tej strony [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Linkujące</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Zmiany_w_linkowanych/Taksila" rel="nofollow" title="Ostatnie zmiany w stronach, do których ta strona linkuje [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Zmiany w linkowanych</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Prześlij_plik" title="Prześlij pliki [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Prześlij plik</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Strony_specjalne" title="Lista wszystkich stron specjalnych [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Strony specjalne</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taksila&oldid=75128819" title="Stały link do tej wersji tej strony"><span>Link do tej wersji</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taksila&action=info" title="Więcej informacji na temat tej strony"><span>Informacje o tej stronie</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Cytuj&page=Taksila&id=75128819&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informacja o tym jak należy cytować tę stronę"><span>Cytowanie tego artykułu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Skr%C3%B3%C4%87_adres_URL&url=https%3A%2F%2Fpl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTaksila"><span>Zobacz skrócony adres URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Kod_QR&url=https%3A%2F%2Fpl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTaksila"><span>Pobierz kod QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Drukuj lub eksportuj </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCka&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Taksila"><span>Utwórz książkę</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:DownloadAsPdf&page=Taksila&action=show-download-screen"><span>Pobierz jako PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taksila&printable=yes" title="Wersja do wydruku [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Wersja do druku</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> W innych projektach </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Taxila" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q156093" title="Link do powiązanego elementu w repozytorium danych [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Element Wikidanych</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Narzędzia dla stron"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Wygląd"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Wygląd</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates" class="coordinates plainlinks">Na mapach: <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ziemia" title="Ziemia"><img alt="Ziemia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Geographylogo.svg/20px-Geographylogo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Geographylogo.svg/30px-Geographylogo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Geographylogo.svg/40px-Geographylogo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span><a class="external text" href="//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language=pl&pagename=Taksila&params=33.755833333333_N_72.829166666667_E"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Mapy, zdjęcia satelitarne i inne informacje dotyczące miejsca o współrzędnych geograficznych 33°45′21″N 72°49′45″E"><span class="latitude">33°45′21″N</span> <span class="longitude">72°49′45″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">/</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Mapy, zdjęcia satelitarne i inne informacje dotyczące miejsca o współrzędnych geograficznych 33,755833 72,829167"><span class="latitude">33,755833</span> <span class="longitude">72,829167</span></span></span></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Z Wikipedii, wolnej encyklopedii</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="pl" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox"> <caption class="naglowek"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r65781301">.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption>.iboxt-flex{display:flex;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:center;gap:4px}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption>.iboxt-flex>.iboxt-ikona{flex-grow:0;flex-shrink:0;font-size:7px;max-width:40px;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption>.iboxt-flex>.iboxt-tekst{flex-grow:1}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption .iboxt-1{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption .iboxt-2{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption .iboxt-3{font-style:italic;font-size:90%}</style><div class="iboxt-1">Taksila<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">[a]</a></sup></div> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%; border:1px #aaa solid;">Obiekt z <a href="/wiki/Lista_%C5%9Bwiatowego_dziedzictwa_UNESCO" title="Lista światowego dziedzictwa UNESCO">listy światowego dziedzictwa UNESCO</a> </td></tr> <tr class="grafika iboxs"> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Double-Headed_Eagle_Stupa_at_Sirkap_08.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Ilustracja" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Double-Headed_Eagle_Stupa_at_Sirkap_08.jpg/240px-Double-Headed_Eagle_Stupa_at_Sirkap_08.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Double-Headed_Eagle_Stupa_at_Sirkap_08.jpg/360px-Double-Headed_Eagle_Stupa_at_Sirkap_08.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Double-Headed_Eagle_Stupa_at_Sirkap_08.jpg/480px-Double-Headed_Eagle_Stupa_at_Sirkap_08.jpg 2x" data-file-width="584" data-file-height="438" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Pa%C5%84stwo" title="Państwo">Państwo</a> </th> <td> <p><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Typ </th> <td> <p>kulturowy </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Lista_%C5%9Bwiatowego_dziedzictwa_UNESCO#Kryteria" title="Lista światowego dziedzictwa UNESCO">Spełniane kryterium</a> </th> <td> <p>III, VI </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Numer ref. </th> <td> <p><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/139">139</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Lista_%C5%9Bwiatowego_dziedzictwa_UNESCO#Obiekty_UNESCO_według_regionów" title="Lista światowego dziedzictwa UNESCO">Region</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">[b]</a></sup> </th> <td> <p>Azja i Pacyfik </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; border:1px #aaa solid;">Historia wpisania na listę </td></tr> <tr> <th>Wpisanie na listę </th> <td> <p>1980<br /><small>na 4. <a href="/wiki/Komitet_%C5%9Awiatowego_Dziedzictwa#Lista_sesji_Komitetu_Światowego_Dziedzictwa" title="Komitet Światowego Dziedzictwa">sesji</a></small> </p> </td></tr> <tr class="infobox-locationmap" style="background-color:var(--background-color-base, #fff); color:black; text-align:center; border-top:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1);"> <td colspan="2"><div style="text-align:center;margin:0 auto;width:242px"><div style="color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);;font-weight:bold">Położenie na mapie Pakistanu</div><div class="mapa-lokalizacyjna"><div style="width:238px;padding:0;border:0 solid #aaa;position:relative"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Mapa lokalizacyjna Pakistanu"><img alt="Mapa konturowa Pakistanu, u góry nieco na prawo znajduje się punkt z opisem „Taksila”" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pakistan_adm_location_map.svg/238px-Pakistan_adm_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="238" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pakistan_adm_location_map.svg/357px-Pakistan_adm_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pakistan_adm_location_map.svg/476px-Pakistan_adm_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2362" data-file-height="1888" /></span></span><div aria-hidden="true" style="top:25.497601918465%;left:61.645833333333%;margin:0;position:absolute;height:0;padding:0;z-index:2;width:0"><div style="top:-3px;text-align:center;position:relative;line-height:6px;font-size:6px;left:-3px;width:6px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language=pl&params=33.755833333333_N_72.829166666667_E_" title="Taksila"><img alt="Taksila" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div><div style="line-height:15.12px;position:absolute;width:83px;z-index:90;font-size:12.6px;top:-0.5em;float:left;left:5px;text-align:left"><span style="text-shadow:0 0 5px white;;padding:1px">Taksila</span></div></div></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:var(--background-color-base, #fff); color:black; text-align:center; border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1);"><span class="coordinates inline inline-and-top plainlinks"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ziemia" title="Ziemia"><img alt="Ziemia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Geographylogo.svg/20px-Geographylogo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Geographylogo.svg/30px-Geographylogo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Geographylogo.svg/40px-Geographylogo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span><a class="external text" href="//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language=pl&pagename=Taksila&params=33.755833333333_N_72.829166666667_E"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Mapy, zdjęcia satelitarne i inne informacje dotyczące miejsca o współrzędnych geograficznych 33°45′21″N 72°49′45″E"><span class="latitude">33°45′21″N</span> <span class="longitude">72°49′45″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">/</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Mapy, zdjęcia satelitarne i inne informacje dotyczące miejsca o współrzędnych geograficznych 33,755833 72,829167"><span class="latitude">33,755833</span> <span class="longitude">72,829167</span></span></span></a></span> </td></tr> <tr class="noprint plainlinks" style="border-top:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1); text-align:center;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0;"> <table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="width:100%; margin:0px; background:var(--background-color-base, #fff); color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle; width:30px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Taxila" title="Commons"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/21px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/31px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/42px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Taxila" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Taxila">Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="border:1px solid #aaa;"><div class="refsection refsection-infobox"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://whc.unesco.org/en/list">Oficjalna nazwa wpisana na listę UNESCO</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/?search=&search_by_country=&type=&media=&region=&order=region">Oficjalny podział dokonany przez UNESCO</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Taxila1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Taxila1.jpg/300px-Taxila1.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Taxila1.jpg/450px-Taxila1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/63/Taxila1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="583" data-file-height="387" /></a><figcaption>Taksila</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Taksila</b> (<a href="/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_urdu" title="Język urdu">urdu</a>, <a href="/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_perski" title="Język perski">pers.</a> <b>ٹیکسلا</b>, <a href="/wiki/Sanskryt" title="Sanskryt">sanskryt</a> तक्षशिला = <i>Takszaśila</i>) – kompleks archeologiczny w północno-wschodnim <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistanie</a>, od <a href="/wiki/1980" title="1980">1980</a> roku wpisany na <a href="/wiki/Lista_%C5%9Bwiatowego_dziedzictwa_UNESCO" title="Lista światowego dziedzictwa UNESCO">listę światowego dziedzictwa UNESCO</a>. W starożytności ważny <a href="/wiki/Buddyzm" title="Buddyzm">buddyjski</a> ośrodek uniwersytecki, położony u zbiegu kilku szlaków handlowych regionu. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historia">Historia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taksila&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Edytuj sekcję: Historia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taksila&action=edit&section=1" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Historia"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Na miejscu kompleksu istniało w <a href="/wiki/Staro%C5%BCytno%C5%9B%C4%87" title="Starożytność">starożytności</a> kilka kolejno wznoszonych miast. Najstarsze, istniejące już w <a href="/wiki/V_wiek_p.n.e." title="V wiek p.n.e.">V wieku p.n.e.</a>, powstało na nieregularnym planie, a budynki wznoszono z nieociosanych kamieni łączonych gliną. W <a href="/wiki/III_wiek_p.n.e." title="III wiek p.n.e.">III wieku p.n.e.</a> miasto zdobyli <a href="/wiki/Maurjowie" class="mw-redirect" title="Maurjowie">Maurjowie</a>, po czym przeszło ono na własność <a href="/wiki/Baktria_(kr%C3%B3lestwo)" class="mw-redirect" title="Baktria (królestwo)">Greko-Baktrów</a>, którzy jednak opuścili je już w kolejnym stuleciu. </p><p>W <a href="/wiki/I_wiek_p.n.e." title="I wiek p.n.e.">I wieku p.n.e.</a> osiedlili się tu <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Aakowie" class="mw-redirect" title="Śakowie">Śakowie</a>, zakładając niedaleko Taksili miasto <b>Sirkap</b> - regularnie rozplanowane, z prostokątną siatką ulic. Miasto otoczone było murami obronnymi i posiadało bogaty pałac i świątynię buddyjską. </p><p>Pod koniec <a href="/wiki/II_wiek" title="II wiek">II wieku</a> n.e. nieopodal powstało miasto <b>Sirsukh</b>, zniszczone w <a href="/wiki/V_wiek" title="V wiek">V wieku</a> przez <a href="/wiki/Heftalici" title="Heftalici">Heftalitów</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Stanowisko_archeologiczne">Stanowisko archeologiczne</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taksila&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Edytuj sekcję: Stanowisko archeologiczne" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taksila&action=edit&section=2" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Stanowisko archeologiczne"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Na rozległym terenie kompleksu archeologicznego, obejmującego lokalizacje istniejących tu wcześniej miast, zachowały się pozostałości świątyni Dżandijal, <a href="/wiki/Stupa" title="Stupa">stupa</a> Dharmaradżika, klasztory Dżaulijan i Mohra Moradu. Znaleziono tu też kamienne i <a href="/wiki/Stiuk" title="Stiuk">stiukowe</a> rzeźby w stylu greko-baktryjskim. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zobacz_też"><span id="Zobacz_te.C5.BC"></span>Zobacz też</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taksila&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Edytuj sekcję: Zobacz też" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taksila&action=edit&section=3" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Zobacz też"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gandhara" title="Gandhara">Gandhara</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taksila&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Edytuj sekcję: Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taksila&action=edit&section=4" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Bibliografia"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Encyklopedia sztuki starożytnej</i>, Wydawnictwa Artystyczne i Filmowe, Warszawa 1974, str. 439-440</li></ul> <div class="navbox do-not-make-smaller mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" data-expandtext="pokaż" data-collapsetext="ukryj"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r74983602">.mw-parser-output .navbox{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);margin:auto;text-align:center;padding:3px;margin-top:1em;clear:both}.mw-parser-output table.navbox:not(.pionowy){width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox{border-top:0;margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox.pionowy{width:250px;float:right;clear:right;margin:0 0 0.4em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .navbox.pionowy 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.navbox>.mw-collapsible-content>.above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox>.mw-collapsible-content>.below,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox .opis{background-color:#303234}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a1,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a1 .opis{background:#715f00}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a2,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a2 .opis{background:#5f5f5f}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a3,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a3 .opis{background:#764617}}</style><ul class="tnavbar noprint plainlinks hlist"><li><a href="/wiki/Szablon:Obiekty_UNESCO_w_Pakistanie" title="Szablon:Obiekty UNESCO w Pakistanie"><span title="Pokaż ten szablon">p</span></a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Dyskusja_szablonu:Obiekty_UNESCO_w_Pakistanie" title="Dyskusja szablonu:Obiekty UNESCO w Pakistanie"><span title="Dyskusja na temat tego szablonu">d</span></a></li><li title="Możesz edytować ten szablon. Użyj przycisku podglądu przed zapisaniem zmian."><a class="external text" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Szablon:Obiekty_UNESCO_w_Pakistanie&action=edit">e</a></li></ul><div class="navbox-title caption"><a href="/wiki/Lista_%C5%9Bwiatowego_dziedzictwa_UNESCO_w_Pakistanie" title="Lista światowego dziedzictwa UNESCO w Pakistanie">Obiekty z listy Światowego Dziedzictwa UNESCO w Pakistanie</a></div><div class="mw-collapsible-content flex"><div class="navbox-before before"> <p><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Flag_of_UNESCO.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_UNESCO.svg/50px-Flag_of_UNESCO.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_UNESCO.svg/75px-Flag_of_UNESCO.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_UNESCO.svg/100px-Flag_of_UNESCO.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </p> </div><table class="navbox-main-content inner-standard"><tbody><tr class="a1"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">Kulturowe</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-odd"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mohend%C5%BCo_Daro" title="Mohendżo Daro">Archeologiczne ruiny Mohendżo Daro</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Taksila</a></li> <li>Ruiny buddyjskie <a href="/w/index.php?title=Takht-i_Bahi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Takht-i Bahi (strona nie istnieje)">Takht-i Bahi</a> oraz pozostałości miasta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Szahr-i_Bahlol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Szahr-i Bahlol (strona nie istnieje)">Szahr-i Bahlol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thatta" title="Thatta">Zespół zabytkowy Thatta</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lahaur_Kila&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lahaur Kila (strona nie istnieje)">Lahaur Kila</a> i <a href="/wiki/Ogrody_Szalimar" title="Ogrody Szalimar">Ogrody Szalimar</a> w <a href="/wiki/Lahaur" title="Lahaur">Lahaurze</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rohtas_Kila&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rohtas Kila (strona nie istnieje)">Rohtas Kila</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table><div class="navbox-after after"> <p><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan"><img alt="Pakistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/50px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/75px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/100px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> </p> </div></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r74016753">.mw-parser-output #normdaten>div+div{margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output #normdaten>div>div{background:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);padding:.2em .5em}.mw-parser-output #normdaten ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output #normdaten ul li:first-child{padding-left:.5em;border-left:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1)}</style> <div id="normdaten" class="catlinks"><div class="normdaten-typ-fehlt"><div><a href="/wiki/Kontrola_autorytatywna" title="Kontrola autorytatywna">Kontrola autorytatywna</a> (<span class="description"><a href="/wiki/Stanowisko_archeologiczne" title="Stanowisko archeologiczne">stanowisko archeologiczne</a></span>):</div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://viaf.org/viaf/244576197">244576197</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/4106139-1">4106139-1</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_Republiki_Czeskiej" title="Biblioteka Narodowa Republiki Czeskiej">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aut.nkp.cz/ge810709">ge810709</a></span></li></ul></div><div class="normdaten-andere"><div><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_internetowa" title="Encyklopedia internetowa">Encyklopedie internetowe</a>:</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_PWN_(internetowa)" title="Encyklopedia PWN (internetowa)">PWN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encyklopedia.pwn.pl/haslo/;3985009.html">3985009</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_Britannica" title="Encyklopedia Britannica">Britannica</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Taxila">place/Taxila</a></span></li> <li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P3219" class="extiw" title="d:Property:P3219">Universalis</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/taxila/">taxila</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Den_Store_Danske_Encyklop%C3%A6di" title="Den Store Danske Encyklopædi">DSDE</a>: <span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8313&url_prefix=https://lex.dk/&id=Taxila">Taxila</a></span></li></ul> </div></div></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Źródło: „<a dir="ltr" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Taksila&oldid=75128819">https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Taksila&oldid=75128819</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Kategorie" title="Specjalna:Kategorie">Kategorie</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Miasta_staro%C5%BCytne" title="Kategoria:Miasta starożytne">Miasta starożytne</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Obiekty_z_listy_dziedzictwa_UNESCO_w_Pakistanie" title="Kategoria:Obiekty z listy dziedzictwa UNESCO w Pakistanie">Obiekty z listy dziedzictwa UNESCO w Pakistanie</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Stanowiska_archeologiczne_w_Pakistanie" title="Kategoria:Stanowiska archeologiczne w Pakistanie">Stanowiska archeologiczne w Pakistanie</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Tę stronę ostatnio edytowano 3 lis 2024, 22:01.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Tekst udostępniany na licencji <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.pl">Creative Commons: uznanie autorstwa, na tych 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