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<main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Burgher people</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 17 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-17" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">17 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%A8_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%BA%D8%B1" title="شعب برغر – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="شعب برغر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%98%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC" title="বার্ঘার সম্প্রদায় – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বার্ঘার সম্প্রদায়" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B_%D0%A8%D1%80%D1%8B-%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Бюргеры Шры-Ланкі – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Бюргеры Шры-Ланкі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burghers" title="Burghers – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Burghers" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burgher" title="Burgher – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Burgher" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burgher_(peuple)" title="Burgher (peuple) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Burgher (peuple)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burgher" title="Burgher – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Burgher" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burgher" title="Burgher – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Burgher" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burghers" title="Burghers – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Burghers" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%90%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AC%E3%83%BC%E4%BA%BA" title="バーガー人 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="バーガー人" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burgherfolket" title="Burgherfolket – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Burgherfolket" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burgher" title="Burgher – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Burgher" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B_%D0%A8%D1%80%D0%B8-%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Бюргеры Шри-Ланки – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бюргеры Шри-Ланки" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B6%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9C%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F" title="බර්ගර් ජනයා – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="බර්ගර් ජනයා" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burgher_people" title="Burgher people – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Burgher people" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="பரங்கியர் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பரங்கியர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%AF%E6%A0%BC%E4%BA%BA" title="伯格人 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="伯格人" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q206642#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div 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div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Burgher_(social_class)" title="Burgher (social class)">burgher (social class)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 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.ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Burgher_people" title="Special:EditPage/Burgher people">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Burgher+people%22">"Burgher people"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Burgher+people%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Burgher+people%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Burgher+people%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Burgher+people%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Burgher+people%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ethnic group</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Burghers</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Total population</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">55,375 (2012 census)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Regions with significant populations</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Provinces of Sri Lanka">Province</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="Western"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Western_Province_Flag_%28SRI_LANKA%29.png/23px-Western_Province_Flag_%28SRI_LANKA%29.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Western_Province_Flag_%28SRI_LANKA%29.png/35px-Western_Province_Flag_%28SRI_LANKA%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Western_Province_Flag_%28SRI_LANKA%29.png/46px-Western_Province_Flag_%28SRI_LANKA%29.png 2x" data-file-width="340" data-file-height="160" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Western_Province,_Sri_Lanka" title="Western Province, Sri Lanka">Western</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">42,484</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="Eastern"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Eastern_Province_Flag_%28SRI_LANKA%29.png/23px-Eastern_Province_Flag_%28SRI_LANKA%29.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Eastern_Province_Flag_%28SRI_LANKA%29.png/35px-Eastern_Province_Flag_%28SRI_LANKA%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Eastern_Province_Flag_%28SRI_LANKA%29.png/46px-Eastern_Province_Flag_%28SRI_LANKA%29.png 2x" data-file-width="813" data-file-height="509" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Province,_Sri_Lanka" title="Eastern Province, Sri Lanka">Eastern</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">4,458</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="Central"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Central_Province.png/23px-Central_Province.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Central_Province.png/35px-Central_Province.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Central_Province.png/45px-Central_Province.png 2x" data-file-width="324" data-file-height="216" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Central_Province,_Sri_Lanka" title="Central Province, Sri Lanka">Central</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">3,347</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="North Western"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/North_Western_Flag.png/23px-North_Western_Flag.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/North_Western_Flag.png/35px-North_Western_Flag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/North_Western_Flag.png/46px-North_Western_Flag.png 2x" data-file-width="432" data-file-height="216" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/North_Western_Province,_Sri_Lanka" title="North Western Province, Sri Lanka">North Western</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">2,192</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Languages</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Languages of Sri Lanka">Languages of Sri Lanka</a>: <a href="/wiki/Sinhala_language" title="Sinhala language">Sinhala</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_Portuguese_creole" title="Sri Lankan Portuguese creole">Sri Lankan Portuguese creole</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Religion</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> (<a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholicism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Reformed_Church" title="Dutch Reformed Church">Dutch Reformed</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anglicanism" title="Anglicanism">Anglicanism</a>, other <a href="/wiki/Christian_denomination" title="Christian denomination">Christian denominations</a>)</li></ul></div> and <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Related ethnic groups</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_people" title="Portuguese people">Portuguese</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_people" title="Dutch people">Dutch</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/British_diaspora" title="British diaspora">British diaspora</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Sinhalese_people" title="Sinhalese people">Sinhalese</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_Tamils" title="Sri Lankan Tamils">Sri Lankan Tamils</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_Chetties" title="Sri Lankan Chetties">Sri Lankan Chetties</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Kaffirs" title="Sri Lanka Kaffirs">Sri Lanka Kaffirs</a></li></ul></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Burgher people</b>, also known simply as <b>Burghers</b>, are a small Eurasian ethnic group in <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a> descended from <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_people" title="Portuguese people">Portuguese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dutch_people" title="Dutch people">Dutch</a>, British<sup id="cite_ref-Reeves2014_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reeves2014-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Sarwal2015_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sarwal2015-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and other Europeans who settled in Ceylon.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Ceylon" title="Portuguese Ceylon">Portuguese</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Ceylon" title="Dutch Ceylon">Dutch</a> had held some of the maritime provinces of the island for centuries before the advent of the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Orizio_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Orizio-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Pakeman_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pakeman-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Cook_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cook-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Burgher people are often referred to as belonging to one of two sub-groups, either <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Burghers" title="Dutch Burghers">Dutch Burghers</a> or <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Burghers" title="Portuguese Burghers">Portuguese Burghers</a>, though both are of mixed descent.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most of those who retained close ties with the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> departed with the establishment of <a href="/wiki/British_Ceylon" title="British Ceylon">British Ceylon</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Crown_colony" title="Crown colony">crown colony</a> at the end of the 18th century. However, a significant community of Burghers remained and largely adopted the <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English language</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Pakeman_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pakeman-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During British rule, they occupied a highly important place in Sri Lankan social and economic life.<sup id="cite_ref-Cook_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cook-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Portuguese settlers were mostly traders who formed colonies. Lisbon did not discourage European settlement—even to the extent of advocating intermarriage with the <a href="/wiki/Sinhalese_people" title="Sinhalese people">Sinhalese</a>. This was not encouraged by the Sinhalese. It was not the policy of the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_India_Company" title="Dutch East India Company">Dutch East India Company</a> to endorse similar unions, although unofficial liaisons between its employees and local women occurred in the late eighteenth century.<sup id="cite_ref-Pakeman_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pakeman-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Burghers may vary from generation to generation in physical characteristics; some intermarried with the British<sup id="cite_ref-Cook_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cook-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and produced descendants with predominantly European <a href="/wiki/Phenotype" title="Phenotype">phenotypes</a>, including fairer skin and a heavier physique, while others were almost indistinguishable from Sinhalese or <a href="/wiki/Tamil_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamil people">Tamils</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Orizio_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Orizio-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most Burgher people have preserved European customs, especially those of Portuguese ancestry, who "retained their European religion and language with pride."<sup id="cite_ref-smith_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smith-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-jay1_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jay1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legal_definition">Legal definition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burgher_people&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Legal definition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Burghers were legally defined in 1883 by the Chief Justice of Ceylon, Sir <a href="/wiki/Richard_Ottley_(judge)" title="Richard Ottley (judge)">Richard Ottley</a>, given before the Commission, appointed in connection with the establishment of a legislative council in <a href="/wiki/Ceylon" class="mw-redirect" title="Ceylon">Ceylon</a>. Burghers were defined as those whose father was born in Ceylon, with at least one European ancestor on one's direct paternal side, regardless of the ethnic origin of one's mother, or what other ethnic groups may be found on the father's side. Because of this definition, Burghers almost always have European surnames (mostly of Portuguese, Dutch and British origin, but sometimes German, French or Russian).<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burgher_people&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_period_in_Ceylon" class="mw-redirect" title="Portuguese period in Ceylon">Portuguese period in Ceylon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dutch_period_in_Ceylon" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch period in Ceylon">Dutch period in Ceylon</a>, and <a href="/wiki/British_Ceylon" title="British Ceylon">British Ceylon</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Burgher_people" title="Special:EditPage/Burgher people">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mestiessche_vrouw.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Mestiessche_vrouw.gif/220px-Mestiessche_vrouw.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="394" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2b/Mestiessche_vrouw.gif 1.5x" data-file-width="235" data-file-height="421" /></a><figcaption>A Burgher woman and her two servants, in a late-18th century illustration.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Portuguese arrived in 1505 in what Europeans then called Ceylon. Since there were no women in the Portuguese navy, the Portuguese sailors married local <a href="/wiki/Sinhalese_people" title="Sinhalese people">Sinhalese</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tamil_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamil people">Tamil</a> women. This practice was encouraged by the Portuguese. </p><p>The Dutch first made contact and signed a trade agreement with the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kandy" title="Kingdom of Kandy">Kingdom of Kandy</a> in 1602. From 1640, the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_India_Company" title="Dutch East India Company">Dutch East India Company</a> (VOC) ('Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie' or <i>United East India Company</i>) had a governor installed and conquered more and more forts from the Portuguese, until, in 1658, the last Portuguese were expelled. However, they permitted a few stateless persons of Portuguese-Jewish (<a href="/wiki/Marrano" title="Marrano">Marrano</a>) descent, and of mixed Portuguese-Sinhalese ancestry to stay. Many people having a Portuguese name were a result of forced conversions of local/native people to work for the Portuguese. As a result, Burghers with Portuguese names are most likely to be of Sinhalese ancestry, with a very small portion being Portuguese or mixed Portuguese-Sinhalese ancestry. Those of a Portuguese-Jewish background can be traced in various forms or surmised from their surname. Most Burghers of Eurasian descent with Portuguese surnames are of Sinhalese and Dutch, British, German and/or other European descent. </p><p>During the Dutch period, all Dutch colonial operations were overseen by the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_India_Company" title="Dutch East India Company">VOC</a>. Virtually all Burghers from this period were employees of the VOC. The VOC employed not only Dutch nationals but also enlisted men from the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Netherlands" title="Southern Netherlands">Southern Netherlands</a>, the German states, Denmark and Austria. It is therefore not unusual to find ancestors from these countries in many Dutch Burgher family trees. </p><p>The term 'Burgher' comes from the Dutch word <i>burger</i>, meaning "citizen" or "town dweller", and is cognate with the French "<a href="/wiki/Bourgeoisie" title="Bourgeoisie">bourgeois</a>" and the English word "<a href="/wiki/Burgess_(title)" title="Burgess (title)">burgess</a>". At this time in Europe, there had emerged a middle class, consisting of people who were neither aristocrats nor serfs. These were the traders and businessmen, who lived in towns and were considered free citizens. In Europe, they were called burghers, and they were encouraged to migrate to the colonies to expand business horizons. </p><p>Dutch Ceylon had two classes of people of European descent: those who were paid by the VOC and were referred to as Company servants (i.e. employees), and those who had migrated of their own free will. The latter were not referred to as burghers in Ceylon, but rather by their rank, position or standing. </p><p>During the period of British rule, they were referred to by the British as 'Dutch Burghers' and formed the majority of the European-descended populace residing in Ceylon. The 'Dutch Burgher' community took pride in its achievements and prized their European ancestry. Several <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Burgher_Union_of_Ceylon" title="Dutch Burgher Union of Ceylon">Dutch Burgher Union</a> journals have been created over some time, to record family histories. They were not only of Dutch origin as other European origins were apparent (German, Hungarian, Italian, French, Swedish, British, and Portuguese) and Sinhalese lines. </p><p>When the British took over in 1796, many VOC employees chose to leave. However, a significant number chose to stay, mostly those of <a href="/wiki/Mixed_race" class="mw-redirect" title="Mixed race">mixed descent</a>. Some chose to go to <a href="/wiki/Batavia,_Dutch_East_Indies" title="Batavia, Dutch East Indies">Batavia</a>, which was the headquarters of the VOC. Reportedly about 900 families, both free citizens and Dutch East India Company employees, decided to remain in Ceylon. One condition of them being allowed to stay was that they had to sign a treaty of capitulation, which guaranteed they would remain loyal and not defect if the Dutch attempted to re-conquer Ceylon. Every Burgher remaining in Ceylon signed the treaty, which is commonly used by their descendants to trace their lineage. In 1796, the 900 'Dutch Burgher' families residing in Ceylon were concentrated in <a href="/wiki/Colombo" title="Colombo">Colombo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Galle" title="Galle">Galle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Matara,_Sri_Lanka" title="Matara, Sri Lanka">Matara</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jaffna_(City)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaffna (City)">Jaffna</a>. </p><p>The Burghers included members of the <a href="/wiki/Regiment_de_Meuron" title="Regiment de Meuron">Swiss de Meuron Regiment</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Swiss_mercenaries" title="Swiss mercenaries">Swiss mercenary unit</a> employed by the VOC. In diplomatic negotiations in Europe, Count de Meuron pledged allegiance to the British in exchange for back pay and military information. This allowed the British to get detailed fortification information and reduce the garrison size of Ceylon before 1796. The de Meuron Regiment refused to fight the Dutch due to relationships forged on the island of Ceylon and South Africa with the British. Post-1796 members of the de Meuron Regiment stayed in Ceylon, whilst the regiment itself went off to fight and distinguish itself in India and later <a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">in Canada</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Society">Society</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burgher_people&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Society"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_society" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Lankan society">Sri Lankan society</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Demographics">Demographics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burgher_people&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Burghers" title="Portuguese Burghers">Portuguese Burghers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Burghers" title="Dutch Burghers">Dutch Burghers</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1881 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">17,900</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1891 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">21,200</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+18.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1901 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">23,500</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+10.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1911 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">26,700</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+13.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1921 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">29,400</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+10.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1931 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">32,300</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+9.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1946 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">41,900</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+29.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1953 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">46,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+9.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1963 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">45,900</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1971 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">45,400</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">−1.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1981 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">39,400</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−13.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1989 (est.) </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">42,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+6.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2001 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">35,300</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−16.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2011 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">37,061</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+5.0%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Source: Department of Census & Statistics, Sri Lanka<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />Data is based on the <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Lankan Government">Sri Lankan Government</a> Census.</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In the census of 1981, the Burgher population of Sri Lanka was 39,374 persons, about 0.2% of the total population. The highest concentration of Burghers is in <a href="/wiki/Colombo" title="Colombo">Colombo</a> (0.72%) and <a href="/wiki/Gampaha" title="Gampaha">Gampaha</a> (0.5%). There are also significant communities in <a href="/wiki/Trincomalee" title="Trincomalee">Trincomalee</a> and <a href="/wiki/Batticaloa" title="Batticaloa">Batticaloa</a>, with an estimated population of 20,000. </p><p>Burgher descendants are spread throughout the world. Families with surnames such as <a href="/wiki/Van_Dort" title="Van Dort">Van Dort</a> (or the variant <a href="/wiki/Vandort" title="Vandort">Vandort</a>) are of Dutch ancestry. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Language">Language</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burgher_people&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Language"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sri_Lanka_Burgher.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Sri_Lanka_Burgher.svg/200px-Sri_Lanka_Burgher.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="283" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Sri_Lanka_Burgher.svg/300px-Sri_Lanka_Burgher.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Sri_Lanka_Burgher.svg/400px-Sri_Lanka_Burgher.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="842" data-file-height="1190" /></a><figcaption>Percentage of burghers per district based on 2001 or 1981 (<i>cursive</i>) census.<sup id="cite_ref-DCS_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DCS-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Nowadays, Burgher people predominantly speak <a href="/wiki/Sinhala_language" title="Sinhala language">Sinhala</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Until the early 20th century, many Burghers spoke English and <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_Portuguese_creole" title="Sri Lankan Portuguese creole">Sri Lankan Portuguese creole</a>, even those of Dutch descent. Portuguese Creole had been the language of trade and communication with Sri Lankans. It is now spoken only in parts of the coastal towns of <a href="/wiki/Trincomalee" title="Trincomalee">Trincomalee</a> and <a href="/wiki/Batticaloa" title="Batticaloa">Batticaloa</a>. While much vocabulary is from Portuguese, its grammar is based on that of Tamil and Sinhala. </p><p>Depending on where they live in Sri Lanka, Burghers may also additionally speak <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> and or <a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a>. According to the 2012 Census, 73.6% or 24,412 Burghers also spoke English and 38.4% or 12,738 Burghers also spoke Tamil.<sup id="cite_ref-Census2012_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census2012-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burgher_people&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Burgher_people" title="Special:EditPage/Burgher people">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Burgher culture is a mixture of East and West, reflecting their ancestry. They are the most Europeanised of the ethnic groups in Sri Lanka. Most of them wear modern contemporary clothing, although it is not uncommon for a man to be seen wearing a <i><a href="/wiki/Sarong" title="Sarong">sarong</a></i>, or for a woman to wear a <i><a href="/wiki/Sari" title="Sari">sari</a></i>. </p><p>Several elements in Burgher culture have become part of the cultures of other ethnic groups in Sri Lanka. For example, <a href="/wiki/Baila_music" title="Baila music"><i>baila</i> music</a>, which has its origin in the music of 16th-century Portugal, has found its way into mainstream popular Sinhalese music. <a href="/wiki/Lace" title="Lace">Lacemaking</a>, which began as a domestic pastime of Burgher women, is now a part of Sinhalese culture too. Foods such as <a href="/wiki/Love_cake" title="Love cake">love cake</a>, <a href="/wiki/Breudher" title="Breudher">breudher</a>, <i>bol fiado</i> (layered cake), <i><a href="/wiki/Ijzerkoekje" class="mw-redirect" title="Ijzerkoekje">ijzer koekjes</a></i> (iron cookies), <i><a href="/wiki/Frikkadel" title="Frikkadel">frikkadels</a></i> (savoury meatballs) and <a href="/wiki/Lamprais" title="Lamprais">lamprais</a>, have become an integral part of Sri Lankan national cuisine. </p><p>Burghers are not physically homogeneous. Some are blond, white-skinned, and pale, some have a very dark complexion and black hair, with variations between. Pale-skinned and dark-skinned children may be in the same family of the same parents. Burghers share a common culture rather than a common ethnicity. </p><p>Burghers have a very strong interest in their family histories. Many old Burgher families kept <i>stamboeken</i> (from the Dutch for "clan books"). These recorded not only dates of births, marriages and deaths, but also significant events in the history of a family, such as details of moving house, illnesses, school records, and even major family disputes. An extensive, multi-volume <i>stamboek</i> of many family lineages is kept by the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Burgher_Union_of_Ceylon" title="Dutch Burgher Union of Ceylon">Dutch Burgher Union</a>. </p><p>Individual families often have indigenous European traditions reflecting their specific family origins. Burghers of Dutch origin sometimes celebrate the <a href="/wiki/Feast_of_Saint_Nicholas" class="mw-redirect" title="Feast of Saint Nicholas">Feast of Saint Nicholas</a> in December, and those of Portuguese-Jewish origin observe customs such as the separation time of a woman after childbirth (see Leviticus 12:2-5), the redemption of the Firstborn (<i>Pidyon ha-Ben</i>), and the purification bath (<i>taharah</i>) after a daughter’s first period (see <i><a href="/wiki/Niddah" title="Niddah">niddah</a></i>). Most of the latter Burgher families, being unaware of the Jewish origins of these customs, have given them a Catholic slant. (Catholic and Episcopal churches had services for the <a href="/wiki/Churching_of_women" title="Churching of women">churching of women</a> after childbirth from ancient times.) </p><p>However, some traditions attributed to <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a> can also be explained as borrowings or retention from the Tamil and Sinhalese communities with whom many Burgher families also share ancestry and culture. For example, the purification bath after a girl’s first period is a common cultural feature of the Tamil and Sinhalese communities of Sri Lanka and neighbouring India. Hence its prevalence amongst some Burghers families of Sri Lanka is not necessarily of Jewish origins. </p><p>Some commentators believe that the Burghers’ mixed backgrounds have made their culture more tolerant and open. While inter-communal strife has been a feature of modern Sri Lankan life, some Burghers have worked to maintain good relations with other ethnic groups. </p><p>In 2001, the Burghers established a heritage association, the Burgher Association, with headquarters at Union Place, Colombo. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burgher_people&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Indian" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Indian">Anglo-Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Burmese_people" title="Anglo-Burmese people">Anglo-Burmese people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baster" class="mw-redirect" title="Baster">Baster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Coloured" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape Coloured">Cape Coloured</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coloured" class="mw-redirect" title="Coloured">Coloured</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Burgher_Union_of_Ceylon" title="Dutch Burgher Union of Ceylon">Dutch Burgher Union of Ceylon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo_people" title="Indo people">Indo people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_notable_Burgher_people" class="mw-redirect" title="List of notable Burgher people">List of notable Burgher people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesti%C3%A7os_(Sri_Lanka)" title="Mestiços (Sri Lanka)">Mestiços (Sri Lanka)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burgher_people&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181225053313/http://www.statistics.gov.lk/PopHouSat/CPH2011/Pages/Activities/Reports/cph2011Pub/pop42.pdf%20">"A2: Population by ethnic group according to districts, 2012"</a>. <i>Census of Population & Housing, 2011</i>. 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Cambridge Scholars Publishing. pp. 34–35. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4438-7582-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4438-7582-0"><bdi>978-1-4438-7582-0</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 October</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Department+of+Census+%26+Statistics%2C+Sri+Lanka&rft.atitle=Population+by+ethnic+group%2C+census+years&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statistics.gov.lk%2Fabstract2010%2Fchapters%2FChap2%2FAB2-10.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurgher+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DCS-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DCS_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statistics.gov.lk/">"Department of Census and Statistics-Sri Lanka"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Department+of+Census+and+Statistics-Sri+Lanka&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statistics.gov.lk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurgher+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Census2012-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Census2012_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210416015917/http://www.statistics.gov.lk/PopHouSat/CPH2011/index.php?fileName=FinalPopulation&gp=Activities&tpl=3">"Census of Population and Housing 2011"</a>. <i>www.statistics.gov.lk</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.statistics.gov.lk&rft.atitle=Census+of+Population+and+Housing+2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statistics.gov.lk%2FPopHouSat%2FCPH2011%2Findex.php%3FfileName%3DFinalPopulation%26gp%3DActivities%26tpl%3D3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurgher+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burgher_people&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBosmaRaben2008" class="citation book cs1">Bosma, Ulbe; Raben, Remco (2008). "Separation and Fusion". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=47wCTCJX9X4C&pg=PA1"><i>Being "Dutch" in the Indies: A History of Creolisation and Empire, 1500–1920</i></a>. NUS Press. pp. 1–25. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9971-69-373-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-9971-69-373-2"><bdi>978-9971-69-373-2</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Separation+and+Fusion&rft.btitle=Being+%22Dutch%22+in+the+Indies%3A+A+History+of+Creolisation+and+Empire%2C+1500%E2%80%931920&rft.pages=1-25&rft.pub=NUS+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-9971-69-373-2&rft.aulast=Bosma&rft.aufirst=Ulbe&rft.au=Raben%2C+Remco&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D47wCTCJX9X4C%26pg%3DPA1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurgher+people" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burgher_people&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Angolans" title="Portuguese Angolans">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Guineans" title="Portuguese Guineans">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Mozambicans" title="Portuguese Mozambicans">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_South_African" title="Portuguese South African">South Africa</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Portugal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Portugal"><img alt="Flag of Portugal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/80px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/120px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, 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Surinamese">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Trinidadian_and_Tobagonian" class="mw-redirect" title="Portuguese Trinidadian and Tobagonian">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Americans" title="Portuguese Americans">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_immigration_to_Hawaii" title="Portuguese immigration to Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Lusophone_Americans_in_Newark,_New_Jersey" title="History of Lusophone Americans in Newark, New Jersey">New Jersey</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Uruguayans" title="Portuguese Uruguayans">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Venezuelans" title="Portuguese Venezuelans">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia (<a href="/wiki/Luso-Asians" title="Luso-Asians">Luso-Asians</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luso-Indian" title="Luso-Indian">India</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sephardic_Jews_in_India" title="Sephardic Jews in India">Jews</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Indonesians" title="Portuguese Indonesians">Indonesia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indo_people" title="Indo people">Indo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mardijker_people" title="Mardijker people">Mardijker</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macanese_people" title="Macanese people">Macau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kristang_people" title="Kristang people">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_in_Pakistan" title="Portuguese in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li>Sri Lanka <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Burghers" title="Portuguese Burghers">Burghers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesti%C3%A7os_(Sri_Lanka)" title="Mestiços (Sri Lanka)">Mestiços</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_and_Portuguese_Jews" title="Spanish and Portuguese Jews">Middle East</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Portugal#Migration_to_Israel" title="History of the Jews in Portugal">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Turkey" title="History of the Jews in Turkey">Turkey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_in_Austria" title="Portuguese in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_in_Belgium" title="Portuguese in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_in_Croatia" title="Portuguese in Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="Portuguese in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_in_Denmark" title="Portuguese in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_in_Finland" title="Portuguese in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_in_France" title="Portuguese in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_in_Germany" title="Portuguese in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_in_Iceland" title="Portuguese in Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_in_Liechtenstein" title="Portuguese in Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_in_Luxembourg" title="Portuguese in Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_in_the_Netherlands" title="Portuguese in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sephardic_Jews_in_the_Netherlands" title="Sephardic Jews in the Netherlands">Jews</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_in_Norway" title="Portuguese in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_in_Slovenia" title="Portuguese in Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_in_Sweden" title="Portuguese in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Portuguese in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Marranos_in_England" title="History of the Marranos in England">Jews</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Australians" title="Portuguese Australians">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_immigration_to_Hawaii" title="Portuguese immigration to Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_New_Zealanders" title="Portuguese New Zealanders">New Zealand</a></li></ul> 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0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_people_in_Finland" title="Dutch people in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_people_in_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch people in Poland">Poland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Olenders" title="Olenders">Olenders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vilamovians" title="Vilamovians">Vilamovians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vistula_delta_Mennonites" title="Vistula delta Mennonites">Vistula delta Mennonites</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_people_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Dutch people in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Canadians" title="Dutch Canadians">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Mexicans" title="Dutch Mexicans">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Americans" title="Dutch Americans">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Aruba" title="Demographics of Aruba">Aruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao#Demographics" title="Curaçao">Curaçao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Australians" title="Dutch Australians">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_New_Zealanders" title="Dutch New Zealanders">New Zealand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Argentines" title="Dutch Argentines">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Brazilians" title="Dutch Brazilians">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Chileans" title="Dutch Chileans">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Surinamese" title="Dutch Surinamese">Suriname</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>See also: <a href="/wiki/Flemish_people" title="Flemish people">Flemish people</a> and <a href="/wiki/Frisians" title="Frisians">Frisians</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Sri_Lanka&#124;link=Sri_Lanka_Sri_Lankans" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Template:Ethnic groups in Sri Lanka"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ethnic_groups_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Template talk:Ethnic groups in Sri Lanka"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic groups in Sri Lanka"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Sri_Lanka&#124;link=Sri_Lanka_Sri_Lankans" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka"><img alt="Sri Lanka" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Lankan people">Sri Lankans</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Demographics of Sri Lanka">Demographics of Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_diaspora" title="Sri Lankan diaspora">Sri Lankan diaspora</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indigenous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vedda_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Vedda people">Vedda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Traditional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sinhalese_people" title="Sinhalese people">Sinhalese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_Tamils" title="Sri Lankan Tamils">Sri Lankan Tamils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_people_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Chinese people in Sri Lanka">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Indians in Sri Lanka">Indians</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Bharatha_people" title="Bharatha people">Bharatha</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_Chetties" title="Sri Lankan Chetties">Chetty</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Indian_Tamils_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Indian Tamils of Sri Lanka">Tamil</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_Telugus" title="Sri Lankan Telugus">Telugu</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Sri_Lanka" title="History of the Jews in Sri Lanka">Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_Malays" title="Sri Lankan Malays">Malays</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Javanese_Sri_Lankans" title="Javanese Sri Lankans">Javanese</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_Moors" title="Sri Lankan Moors">Moors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pathans_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Pathans in Sri Lanka">Pathans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Multiracial" class="mw-redirect" title="Multiracial">Multiracial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Burgher people</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Burghers" title="Dutch Burghers">Dutch Burghers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Burghers" title="Portuguese Burghers">Portuguese Burghers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Kaffirs" title="Sri Lanka Kaffirs">Kaffirs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Immigrants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_people_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Japanese people in Sri Lanka">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Koreans in Sri Lanka">Koreans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldivians_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Maldivians in Sri Lanka">Maldivians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memons_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Memons in Sri Lanka">Memons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="←_British_Ceylon_period_topics_→" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:British_Ceylon_period_topics" title="Template:British Ceylon period topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:British_Ceylon_period_topics" title="Template talk:British Ceylon period topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:British_Ceylon_period_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:British Ceylon period topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="←_British_Ceylon_period_topics_→" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Kandyan_period_topics" title="Template:Kandyan period topics">←</a> <a href="/wiki/British_Ceylon_period" class="mw-redirect" title="British Ceylon period">British Ceylon period</a> topics <a href="/wiki/Template:Sri_Lanka_topics" title="Template:Sri Lanka topics">→</a></li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/British_Ceylon" title="British Ceylon">British Ceylon</a> 1815 – 1948</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Background</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Outline of Sri Lanka">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Bibliography of Sri Lanka">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Sri_Lankan_history" title="Timeline of Sri Lankan history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_years_in_Sri_Lanka" title="List of years in Sri Lanka">Years</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kandyan_period" title="Kandyan period">Kandyan period</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/British_Ceylon_period" class="mw-redirect" title="British Ceylon period">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Ceylon_(1795)" class="mw-redirect" title="Invasion of Ceylon (1795)">Invasion of Ceylon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kandyan_Wars" title="Kandyan Wars">Kandyan Wars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Rebellion_of_1817%E2%80%9318" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Rebellion of 1817–18">Great Rebellion of 1817–18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kandyan_Convention" title="Kandyan Convention">Kandyan Convention</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matale_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Matale Rebellion">Matale Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kandyan_Convention" title="Kandyan Convention">Kandyan Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_independence_movement" title="Sri Lankan independence movement">Sri Lankan independence movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temperance_movement_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Temperance movement in Sri Lanka">Temperance movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1906_malaria_outbreak_in_Ceylon" title="1906 malaria outbreak in Ceylon">1906 malaria outbreak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1915_Ceylonese_riots" class="mw-redirect" title="1915 Ceylonese riots">1915 Ceylonese riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suriya-Mal_Movement" title="Suriya-Mal Movement">Suriya-Mal Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceylon_in_World_War_II" title="Ceylon in World War II">Ceylon in World War II</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cocos_Islands_mutiny" title="Cocos Islands mutiny">Cocos Islands mutiny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_East_Asia_Command" title="South East Asia Command">South East Asia Command</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Government</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Law</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colebrooke%E2%80%93Cameron_Commission" title="Colebrooke–Cameron Commission">Colebrooke–Cameron Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donoughmore_Commission" title="Donoughmore Commission">Donoughmore Commission</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Donoughmore_Constitution" title="Donoughmore Constitution">Donoughmore Constitution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soulbury_Commission" title="Soulbury Commission">Soulbury Commission</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soulbury_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Soulbury Constitution">Soulbury Constitution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Capital of Sri Lanka">Capital city</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legislature</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Legislative_Council_of_Ceylon" title="Legislative Council of Ceylon">Legislative Council of Ceylon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Council_of_Ceylon" title="State Council of Ceylon">State Council of Ceylon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Judiciary of Sri Lanka">Judiciary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Supreme Court of Sri Lanka">Supreme Court</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Chief Justice of Sri Lanka">Chief Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Justices_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_Sri_Lanka" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Justices of the Supreme Court of Sri Lanka">Justices</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attorney_General_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Attorney General of Sri Lanka">Attorney General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solicitor_General_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Solicitor General of Sri Lanka">Solicitor General</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Executive</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Ceylon" title="Governor-General of Ceylon">Governor-General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceylon_Civil_Service" title="Ceylon Civil Service">Ceylon Civil Service</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Council_of_Ceylon" title="Executive Council of Ceylon">Executive Council</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ceylonese_executive_councils" title="List of Ceylonese executive councils">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governors_of_British_Ceylon" title="Governors of British Ceylon">Governor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Secretary_of_Ceylon" title="Chief Secretary of Ceylon">Colonial Secretary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attorney_General_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Attorney General of Sri Lanka">Attorney General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auditor_General_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Auditor General of Sri Lanka">Colonial Auditor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treasurer_of_Ceylon" class="mw-redirect" title="Treasurer of Ceylon">Treasurer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Officer_Commanding,_Ceylon" title="General Officer Commanding, Ceylon">General Officer Commanding, Ceylon</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Board_of_Ministers_of_Ceylon" class="mw-redirect" title="Board of Ministers of Ceylon">Board of Ministers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ceylonese_executive_councils" title="List of Ceylonese executive councils">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governors_of_British_Ceylon" title="Governors of British Ceylon">Governor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Secretary_of_Ceylon" title="Chief Secretary of Ceylon">Chief Secretary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_Secretary_of_Ceylon" title="Legal Secretary of Ceylon">Legal Secretary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_Secretary_of_Ceylon" title="Financial Secretary of Ceylon">Financial Secretary</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Military</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ceylon_Defence_Force" title="Ceylon Defence Force">Ceylon Defence Force</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commander_of_the_Ceylon_Defence_Force" title="Commander of the Ceylon Defence Force">Commanders</a></li></ul></li> <li>British Military in Ceylon <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commander-in-Chief,_Ceylon" title="Commander-in-Chief, Ceylon">Commander-in-Chief, Ceylon</a> (Unified)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Officer_Commanding,_Ceylon" title="General Officer Commanding, Ceylon">General Officer Commanding, Ceylon</a> (Army)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Amiens" title="Treaty of Amiens">Treaty of Amiens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kandyan_Convention" title="Kandyan Convention">Kandyan Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceylon_National_Congress" title="Ceylon National Congress">Ceylon National Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_headmen_of_Ceylon" title="Native headmen of Ceylon">Native headmen system</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sri_Lankan_nationalism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sri Lankan nationalism (page does not exist)">Sri Lankan nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Women's suffrage in Sri Lanka">Women's suffrage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youth_Leagues_(Ceylon)" title="Youth Leagues (Ceylon)">Youth Leagues</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jaffna_Youth_Congress" title="Jaffna Youth Congress">Jaffna Youth Congress</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Economy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Board_of_Commissioners_of_Currency_of_Ceylon" title="Board of Commissioners of Currency of Ceylon">Board of Commissioners of Currency of Ceylon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_rupee" title="Sri Lankan rupee">Rupee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pound_sterling" title="Pound sterling">British pound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_rupee" title="Indian rupee">Indian rupee</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinnamon_production_in_Sri_Lanka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cinnamon production in Sri Lanka (page does not exist)">Cinnamon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocoa_production_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Cocoa production in Sri Lanka">Cocoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coconut_production_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Coconut production in Sri Lanka">Coconut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_production_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Coffee production in Sri Lanka">Coffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubber_production_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Rubber production in Sri Lanka">Rubber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_production_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Tea production in Sri Lanka">Tea production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean_slave_trade" title="Indian Ocean slave trade">Indian Ocean slave trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangani_system" title="Kangani system">Kangani system</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colonial_architecture_of_Sri_Lanka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Colonial architecture of Sri Lanka (page does not exist)">Architecture</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_British_colonial_buildings_in_Sri_Lanka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of British colonial buildings in Sri Lanka (page does not exist)">British buildings</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_place_name_etymology" title="Sri Lankan place name etymology">Place names</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_locations_in_Sri_Lanka_with_an_English_name" title="List of locations in Sri Lanka with an English name">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locations_in_Sri_Lanka_with_a_Scottish_name" title="Locations in Sri Lanka with a Scottish name">Scottish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_music_in_Sri_Lanka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Western music in Sri Lanka (page does not exist)">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinhalese_porcupine_quill_boxes" title="Sinhalese porcupine quill boxes">Sinhalese porcupine quill boxes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_class_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Social class in Sri Lanka">Social class</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related peoples</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=British_people_in_Sri_Lanka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="British people in Sri Lanka (page does not exist)">British</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Moors" title="Indian Moors">Indian Moors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Tamils_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Indian Tamils of Sri Lanka">Indian Tamils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_Malays" title="Sri Lankan Malays">Malays</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Languages of Sri Lanka">Languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_English" title="Sri Lankan English">Sri Lankan English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_Creole_Malay" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Lankan Creole Malay">Sri Lankan Creole Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sinhala_words_of_English_origin" title="List of Sinhala words of English origin">Sinhala words of English origin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Christianity in Sri Lanka">Religion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Protestantism in Sri Lanka">Protestantism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Ceylon" title="Church of Ceylon">Church of Ceylon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Bishop_of_Colombo" title="Anglican Bishop of Colombo">Bishop of Colombo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methodist_Church_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Methodist Church in Sri Lanka">Methodist Church in Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Ceylon_Mission" title="American Ceylon Mission">American Ceylon Mission</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batticotta_Seminary" title="Batticotta Seminary">Batticotta Seminary</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wesleyan_Methodist_Mission,_North_Ceylon" title="Wesleyan Methodist Mission, North Ceylon">Wesleyan Methodist Mission, North Ceylon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanka_Lutheran_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Lanka Lutheran Church">Lanka Lutheran Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Pentecostal_Mission" title="The Pentecostal Mission">The Pentecostal Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Baptist_Sangamaya" title="Sri Lanka Baptist Sangamaya">Sri Lanka Baptist Sangamaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints_in_Sri_Lanka" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Sri Lanka">The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bible_translations_into_Sinhala" title="Bible translations into Sinhala">Bible translations into Sinhala</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_oldest_schools_in_Sri_Lanka" title="List of the oldest schools in Sri Lanka">Schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldivian_Annual_Tribute" title="Maldivian Annual Tribute">Maldivian Annual Tribute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceylonese_recipients_of_British_titles" title="Ceylonese recipients of British titles">Ceylonese recipients of British titles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_awards_and_decorations_of_Sri_Lanka#Former_decorations_&_medals" class="mw-redirect" title="Military awards and decorations of Sri Lanka">Military awards and decorations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Ceylon_(1948%E2%80%931972)" title="Monarchy of Ceylon (1948–1972)">Monarchy of Ceylon (1948–1972)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:British_Ceylon_period&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:British Ceylon period (page does not exist)">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Sri_Lanka" title="Portal:Sri Lanka">Portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="WikiProject"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Sri_Lanka" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Sri Lanka">WikiProject</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Multiracial_topics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Multiethnicity" title="Template:Multiethnicity"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Multiethnicity" title="Template talk:Multiethnicity"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Multiethnicity" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Multiethnicity"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Multiracial_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Multiracial_people" title="Multiracial people">Multiracial</a> topics</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Terms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Asians" title="Afro-Asians">Afro-Asian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazonian_Jews" title="Amazonian Jews">Amazonian Jews</a></li> <li>Brazilians <ul><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pt:ju%C3%A7ara" class="extiw" title="wikt:pt:juçara"><i>juçaras</i></a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Cai%C3%A7aras" title="Caiçaras">caiçaras</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pardo" title="Pardo">pardo</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Caboclo" title="Caboclo">caboclo</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mameluco" title="Mameluco">mameluco</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sarar%C3%A1" title="Sarará">sarará</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambo" title="Zambo"><i>cafuzo</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chindians" title="Chindians">Chindians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chitty" title="Chitty">Chitty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coloureds" title="Coloureds">Coloureds</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Coloureds" title="Cape Coloureds">Cape Coloureds</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basters" title="Basters">Basters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Griqua_people" title="Griqua people">Griquas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oorlam_people" title="Oorlam people">Oorlam</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dougla_people" title="Dougla people">Dougla</a></li> <li>Eurasians <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amerasian" title="Amerasian">Amerasian</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/B%E1%BB%A5i_%C4%91%E1%BB%9Di" title="Bụi đời">Bụi đời</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Burmese_people" title="Anglo-Burmese people">Anglo-Burmese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Indian_people" title="Anglo-Indian people">Anglo-Indian</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Burgher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo_people" title="Indo people">Dutch Indo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurasian_Singaporeans" title="Eurasian Singaporeans">Eurasian Singaporean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_Mestizos" title="Filipino Mestizos">Filipino Mestizo</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/H%C4%81fu" title="Hāfu">Hāfu</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kristang_people" title="Kristang people">Kristang</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Luk_khrueng" title="Luk khrueng">Luk khrueng</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luso-Asians" title="Luso-Asians">Luso-Asians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macanese_people" title="Macanese people">Macanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topasses" title="Topasses">Topasses</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hapa" title="Hapa">Hapa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Multiracial_people_in_China" title="Multiracial people in China">Hùnxuě'ér</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chindians" title="Chindians">Chindian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marabou_(ethnicity)" title="Marabou (ethnicity)">Marabou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melungeon" title="Melungeon">Melungeon</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mesti%C3%A7o" title="Mestiço">mestiço</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/H%C4%81fu" title="Hāfu"><i>ainoko</i></a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mestizo" title="Mestizo">Mestizo</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Castizo" title="Castizo">castizo</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cholo" title="Cholo">cholo</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Coyote_(racial_category)" title="Coyote (racial category)">coyote</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tis" title="Métis">Métis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixed-blood" title="Mixed-blood">Mixed-blood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulatto" title="Mulatto"><i>mulatos</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peranakan_Chinese" title="Peranakan Chinese">Peranakan Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quadroon" title="Quadroon">Quadroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacatra" title="Sacatra">Sacatra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_freedmen_controversy" title="Cherokee freedmen controversy">Cherokee freedmen controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnogenesis" title="Ethnogenesis">Ethnogenesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exogamy" title="Exogamy">Exogamy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interethnic_marriage" title="Interethnic marriage">Interethnic marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interracial_marriage" title="Interracial marriage">Interracial marriage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melting_pot" title="Melting pot">Melting pot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miscegenation" title="Miscegenation">Miscegenation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-drop_rule" title="One-drop rule">One-drop rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origins_of_Hutu,_Tutsi_and_Twa" title="Origins of Hutu, Tutsi and Twa">Origins of Hutu, Tutsi and Twa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passing_(racial_identity)" title="Passing (racial identity)">Passing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pla%C3%A7age" title="Plaçage">Plaçage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Columbian_transoceanic_contact_theories" title="Pre-Columbian transoceanic contact theories">Pre-Columbian transoceanic contact theories</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_contemporary_ethnic_groups" title="List of contemporary ethnic groups">Contemporary ethnic groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diasporas" title="List of diasporas">Diasporas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_luk_khrueng_people" title="List of luk khrueng people">luk khrueng people</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Race_of_the_future" title="Race of the future">Race of the future</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" 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