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<span>Antiquity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antiquity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Myth_and_monomyth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Myth_and_monomyth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Myth and monomyth</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Myth_and_monomyth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Slavic_fairy_tales" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Slavic_fairy_tales"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Slavic fairy tales</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Slavic_fairy_tales-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historical_studies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historical_studies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Historical studies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historical_studies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_fiction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_fiction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Modern fiction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_fiction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Psychology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Psychology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Psychology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Psychology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mental_and_physical_integration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mental_and_physical_integration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Mental and physical integration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mental_and_physical_integration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Hero</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 79 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-79" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">79 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B7%D9%84" title="بطل – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بطل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heroi" title="Heroi – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Heroi" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A9roe" title="Héroe – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Héroe" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q%C9%99hr%C9%99man" title="Qəhrəman – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qəhrəman" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%B0" title="বীর – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বীর" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eng-hi%C3%B4ng" title="Eng-hiông – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Eng-hiông" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pahlawan" title="Pahlawan – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Pahlawan" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heroe" title="Heroe – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Heroe" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9" title="Герой – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Герой" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haroz" title="Haroz – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Haroz" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heroi" title="Heroi – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Heroi" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9" title="Герой – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Герой" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hrdina" title="Hrdina – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hrdina" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamba" title="Gamba – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Gamba" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arwr" title="Arwr – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Arwr" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helt" title="Helt – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Helt" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Held" title="Held – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Held" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kangelane" title="Kangelane – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kangelane" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%89%CF%81%CF%89%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Ήρωας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ήρωας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A9roe" title="Héroe – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Héroe" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heroo" title="Heroo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Heroo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heroi" title="Heroi – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Heroi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%87%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="قهرمان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="قهرمان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A9ros" title="Héros – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Héros" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Held" title="Held – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Held" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laoch" title="Laoch – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Laoch" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaisgeach" title="Gaisgeach – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Gaisgeach" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heroe" title="Heroe – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Heroe" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%98%81%EC%9B%85" title="영웅 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="영웅" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%BD" title="Հերոս – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հերոս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%95" title="नायक – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="नायक" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heroj" title="Heroj – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Heroj" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heroo" title="Heroo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Heroo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pahlawan" title="Pahlawan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pahlawan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hetja" title="Hetja – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Hetja" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eroe" title="Eroe – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Eroe" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%99%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A8_(%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA)" title="גיבור (אישיות) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גיבור (אישיות)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wira" title="Wira – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Wira" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="გმირი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გმირი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B" title="Батырлық – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Батырлық" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shujaa" title="Shujaa – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Shujaa" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leheng" title="Leheng – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Leheng" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Баатырдык – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Баатырдык" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heros" title="Heros – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Heros" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varonis" title="Varonis – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Varonis" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herojus" title="Herojus – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Herojus" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haeld" title="Haeld – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Haeld" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C5%91s" title="Hős – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Hős" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eroj" title="Eroj – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Eroj" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88%E0%A4%95" title="नाईक – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="नाईक" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wira" title="Wira – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Wira" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Held" title="Held – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Held" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%92%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC" title="ヒーロー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヒーロー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helt" title="Helt – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Helt" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helt" title="Helt – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Helt" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Er%C3%B2i" title="Eròi – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Eròi" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qahramon" title="Qahramon – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Qahramon" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88" title="ہیرو – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ہیرو" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohater" title="Bohater – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bohater" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Her%C3%B3i" title="Herói – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Herói" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erou" title="Erou – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Erou" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9" title="Герой – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Герой" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heroi" title="Heroi – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Heroi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iroi" title="Iroi – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Iroi" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hero" title="Hero – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Hero" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%DA%B5%DB%95%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86" title="پاڵەوان – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پاڵەوان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Јунак – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Јунак" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heroj" title="Heroj – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Heroj" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sankari" title="Sankari – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sankari" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hj%C3%A4lte" title="Hjälte – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Hjälte" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%B0%D2%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Қаҳрамон – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Қаҳрамон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kahraman" title="Kahraman – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kahraman" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9" title="Герой – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Герой" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur 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For the film, see <a href="/wiki/Heroism_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Heroism (film)"><i>Heroism</i> (film)</a>.</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Hero_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Hero (disambiguation)">Hero (disambiguation)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heroine_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Heroine (disambiguation)">Heroine (disambiguation)</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Heroes_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Heroes (disambiguation)">Heroes (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output 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class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">The examples and perspective in this article <b>may not represent a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Countering_systemic_bias" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Countering systemic bias">worldwide view</a> of the subject</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> You may <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hero&action=edit">improve this article</a>, discuss the issue on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Hero" title="Talk:Hero">talk page</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_wizard" title="Wikipedia:Article wizard">create a new article</a>, as appropriate.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Achilles_fighting_against_Memnon_Leiden_Rijksmuseum_voor_Oudheden.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Achilles_fighting_against_Memnon_Leiden_Rijksmuseum_voor_Oudheden.jpg/220px-Achilles_fighting_against_Memnon_Leiden_Rijksmuseum_voor_Oudheden.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="310" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Achilles_fighting_against_Memnon_Leiden_Rijksmuseum_voor_Oudheden.jpg/330px-Achilles_fighting_against_Memnon_Leiden_Rijksmuseum_voor_Oudheden.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Achilles_fighting_against_Memnon_Leiden_Rijksmuseum_voor_Oudheden.jpg/440px-Achilles_fighting_against_Memnon_Leiden_Rijksmuseum_voor_Oudheden.jpg 2x" data-file-width="684" data-file-height="965" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Achilles" title="Achilles">Achilles</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Trojan_War" title="Trojan War">Trojan War</a>, as depicted in an ancient Greek polychromatic <a href="/wiki/Pottery_of_ancient_Greece" title="Pottery of ancient Greece">pottery painting</a> (dating to <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 300 BC</span>).</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Harold_piffard_joan_of_arc.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Harold_piffard_joan_of_arc.jpg/170px-Harold_piffard_joan_of_arc.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Harold_piffard_joan_of_arc.jpg/255px-Harold_piffard_joan_of_arc.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Harold_piffard_joan_of_arc.jpg/340px-Harold_piffard_joan_of_arc.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Joan_of_Arc" title="Joan of Arc">Joan of Arc</a> is considered a medieval Christian heroine of France for her role in the <a href="/wiki/Hundred_Years%27_War" title="Hundred Years' War">Hundred Years' War</a>, and was canonized as a <a href="/wiki/Saint#Catholicism" title="Saint">Roman Catholic saint</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wilhelm_Tell_Denkmal_Altdorf_um_1900.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Wilhelm_Tell_Denkmal_Altdorf_um_1900.jpeg/170px-Wilhelm_Tell_Denkmal_Altdorf_um_1900.jpeg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Wilhelm_Tell_Denkmal_Altdorf_um_1900.jpeg/255px-Wilhelm_Tell_Denkmal_Altdorf_um_1900.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Wilhelm_Tell_Denkmal_Altdorf_um_1900.jpeg/340px-Wilhelm_Tell_Denkmal_Altdorf_um_1900.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1846" data-file-height="2461" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/William_Tell" title="William Tell">William Tell</a>, a popular <a href="/wiki/Folk_hero" title="Folk hero">folk hero</a> of <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Giuseppe_Garibaldi_1861.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Giuseppe_Garibaldi_1861.jpg/170px-Giuseppe_Garibaldi_1861.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Giuseppe_Garibaldi_1861.jpg/255px-Giuseppe_Garibaldi_1861.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Giuseppe_Garibaldi_1861.jpg/340px-Giuseppe_Garibaldi_1861.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1624" data-file-height="2509" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Garibaldi" title="Giuseppe Garibaldi">Giuseppe Garibaldi</a>, celebrated as one of the greatest generals of modern times,<sup id="cite_ref-scholar_and_patriot_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scholar_and_patriot-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is considered an Italian national hero for his role in the <a href="/wiki/Italian_unification" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian unification">Italian unification</a>, and is known as the "<i>Hero of the Two Worlds</i>" because of his military enterprises in South America and Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-Garibaldi_on_Encyclopædia_Britannica_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Garibaldi_on_Encyclopædia_Britannica-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Fantasy" title="Fantasy">Fantasy</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Media</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fantasy_anime" title="List of fantasy anime">Anime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantastic_art" title="Fantastic art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_and_fantasy_artists" title="List of science fiction and fantasy artists">Artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fantasy_authors" title="List of fantasy authors">Authors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_comics" title="Fantasy comics">Comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_film" title="Fantasy film">Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_podcast" title="Fantasy podcast">Podcasts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_literature" title="Fantasy literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_fiction_magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Fantasy fiction magazine">Magazines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fantasy_anime_and_manga" title="Category:Fantasy anime and manga">Manga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_publishers" title="List of science fiction publishers">Publishers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light_novel" title="Light novel">Light novels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_television" title="Fantasy television">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fantasy_webcomics" title="Category:Fantasy webcomics">Webcomics</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Genre studies</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Legendary_creature" title="Legendary creature">Creatures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_fantasy" title="History of fantasy">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_history_of_fantasy" title="Early history of fantasy">Early history</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_in_fiction" title="Magic in fiction">Magic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Magic_item" title="Magic item">Magic item</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Magic system">Magic system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magician_(fantasy)" title="Magician (fantasy)">Magician</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mythopoeia" title="Mythopoeia">Mythopoeia‎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_tropes" class="mw-redirect" title="Fantasy tropes">Tropes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_world" title="Fantasy world">Fantasy worlds</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Campaign_setting" title="Campaign setting">Campaign settings</a></li></ul></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Subgenres</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangsian_fantasy" title="Bangsian fantasy">Bangsian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_fantasy" title="Children's fantasy">Children's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_comedy" title="Fantasy comedy">Comedic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_fantasy" title="Contemporary fantasy">Contemporary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_fantasy" title="Dark fantasy">Dark‎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairy_tale" title="Fairy tale">Fairy tale</a>‎ <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fairy_tale_parody" title="Fairy tale parody">Parody</a>‎</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fantastique" title="Fantastique">Fantastique</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_of_manners" title="Fantasy of manners">Of manners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folklore" title="Folklore">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaslamp_fantasy" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaslamp fantasy">Gaslamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost_story" title="Ghost story">Ghost story</a>‎</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grimdark" title="Grimdark">Grimdark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_fantasy" title="Hard fantasy">Hard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_fantasy" title="High fantasy">High</a>‎</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_fantasy" title="Historical fantasy">Historical</a>‎</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isekai" title="Isekai">Isekai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LitRPG" title="LitRPG">LitRPG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lovecraftian_horror" title="Lovecraftian horror">Lovecraftian horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low_fantasy" title="Low fantasy">Low</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magical_girl" title="Magical girl">Magical girl‎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mythpunk" class="mw-redirect" title="Mythpunk">Mythpunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occult_detective_fiction" title="Occult detective fiction">Occult detective fiction‎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_fantasy" title="Romantic fantasy">Romantic‎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fantasy" title="Science fantasy">Science</a>‎</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenmo_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Shenmo fiction">Shenmo fiction‎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Splatterpunk" title="Splatterpunk">Splatterpunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superhero_fiction" title="Superhero fiction">Superhero fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supernatural_fiction" title="Supernatural fiction">Supernatural fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sword-and-sandal" title="Sword-and-sandal">Sword-and-sandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sword_and_sorcery" title="Sword and sorcery">Sword and sorcery</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tokusatsu" title="Tokusatsu">Tokusatsu‎</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_fantasy" title="Urban fantasy">Urban‎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weird_fiction" title="Weird fiction">Weird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_Western" class="mw-redirect" title="Fantasy Western">West‎ern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuxia" title="Wuxia">Wuxia‎</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Fantasy_fandom" title="Fantasy fandom">Fandom</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Potter_fandom" title="Harry Potter fandom"><i>Harry Potter</i> fandom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lovecraft_fandom" title="Lovecraft fandom">Lovecraft fandom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrek_fandom" title="Shrek fandom"><i>Shrek</i> fandom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien_fandom" title="Tolkien fandom">Tolkien fandom</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Categories</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fantasy" title="Category:Fantasy">Fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fantasy_awards" title="Category:Fantasy awards">Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fantasy_genres" title="Category:Fantasy genres">Subgenres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fantasy_television_series" title="Category:Fantasy television series">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fantasy_tropes" title="Category:Fantasy tropes">Tropes</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Speculative_fiction/Fantasy" title="Portal:Speculative fiction/Fantasy">Portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Fantasy" title="Template:Fantasy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Fantasy" title="Template talk:Fantasy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Fantasy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Fantasy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A <b>hero</b> (feminine: <b>heroine</b>) is a real person or a <a href="/wiki/Protagonist" title="Protagonist">main fictional character</a> who, in the face of danger, combats adversity through feats of ingenuity, <a href="/wiki/Courage" title="Courage">courage</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Physical_strength" title="Physical strength">strength</a>. The original hero type of classical epics did such things for the sake of <a href="/wiki/Glory_(honor)" title="Glory (honor)">glory</a> and <a href="/wiki/Honor" class="mw-redirect" title="Honor">honor</a>. <a href="/wiki/Post-classical_history" title="Post-classical history">Post-classical</a> and <a href="/wiki/Modern_history" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern history">modern</a> heroes, on the other hand, perform great deeds or selfless acts for the common good instead of the classical goal of wealth, <a href="/wiki/Pride" title="Pride">pride</a>, and fame. The antonym of <i>hero</i> is <i><a href="/wiki/Villain" title="Villain">villain</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Gölz_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gölz-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other terms associated with the concept of <i>hero</i> may include <i>good guy</i> or <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/white_hat" class="extiw" title="wikt:white hat">white hat</a></i>. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Classics" title="Classics">classical literature</a>, the hero is the main or revered character in <a href="/wiki/Epic_poetry" title="Epic poetry">heroic epic poetry</a> celebrated through ancient <a href="/wiki/Legend" title="Legend">legends</a> of a people, often striving for military conquest and living by a continually flawed personal honor code.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The definition of a hero has changed throughout time. <a href="/wiki/Webster%27s_Dictionary" title="Webster's Dictionary">Merriam Webster</a> dictionary defines a hero as "a person who is admired for great or brave acts or fine qualities".<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Examples of heroes range from mythological figures, such as <a href="/wiki/Gilgamesh" title="Gilgamesh">Gilgamesh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Achilles" title="Achilles">Achilles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Iphigenia" title="Iphigenia">Iphigenia</a>, to historical and modern figures, such as <a href="/wiki/Joan_of_Arc" title="Joan of Arc">Joan of Arc</a>, <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Garibaldi" title="Giuseppe Garibaldi">Giuseppe Garibaldi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sophie_Scholl" title="Sophie Scholl">Sophie Scholl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alvin_York" title="Alvin York">Alvin York</a>, <a href="/wiki/Audie_Murphy" title="Audie Murphy">Audie Murphy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Chuck_Yeager" title="Chuck Yeager">Chuck Yeager</a>, and fictional "<a href="/wiki/Superhero" title="Superhero">superheroes</a>", including <a href="/wiki/Superman" title="Superman">Superman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Supergirl" title="Supergirl">Supergirl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spider-Man" title="Spider-Man">Spider-Man</a>, <a href="/wiki/Batman" title="Batman">Batman</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Captain_America" title="Captain America">Captain America</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hero&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Coronation_of_the_Hero_of_Virtue_-_Peter_Paul_Rubens_(Unframed).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/The_Coronation_of_the_Hero_of_Virtue_-_Peter_Paul_Rubens_%28Unframed%29.jpg/220px-The_Coronation_of_the_Hero_of_Virtue_-_Peter_Paul_Rubens_%28Unframed%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="243" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/The_Coronation_of_the_Hero_of_Virtue_-_Peter_Paul_Rubens_%28Unframed%29.jpg/330px-The_Coronation_of_the_Hero_of_Virtue_-_Peter_Paul_Rubens_%28Unframed%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/The_Coronation_of_the_Hero_of_Virtue_-_Peter_Paul_Rubens_%28Unframed%29.jpg/440px-The_Coronation_of_the_Hero_of_Virtue_-_Peter_Paul_Rubens_%28Unframed%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3841" data-file-height="4245" /></a><figcaption><i>Coronation of the Hero of Virtue</i> by <a href="/wiki/Peter_Paul_Rubens" title="Peter Paul Rubens">Peter Paul Rubens</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1612</span>-1614</figcaption></figure> <p>The word <i>hero</i> comes from the <a href="/wiki/Greek_mythology" title="Greek mythology">Greek</a> ἥρως (<i>hērōs</i>), "hero" (literally "protector" or "defender"),<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (December 2023)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> particularly one such as <a href="/wiki/Heracles" title="Heracles">Heracles</a> with divine ancestry or later given divine honors.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Before the <a href="/wiki/Decipherment" title="Decipherment">decipherment</a> of <a href="/wiki/Linear_B" title="Linear B">Linear B</a> the original form of the word was assumed to be *<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ἥρωϝ-</span></span>, <i>hērōw-</i>, but the Mycenaean compound <i>ti-ri-se-ro-e</i> demonstrates the absence of -w-. <a href="/wiki/Hero_(given_name)" title="Hero (given name)">Hero</a> as a name appears in pre-Homeric <a href="/wiki/Greek_mythology" title="Greek mythology">Greek mythology</a>, wherein <a href="/wiki/Hero_and_Leander" title="Hero and Leander">Hero</a> was a priestess of the <a href="/wiki/Aphrodite" title="Aphrodite">goddess Aphrodite</a>, in a myth that has been referred to often in literature. </p><p>According to <i><a href="/wiki/The_American_Heritage_Dictionary_of_the_English_Language" title="The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language">The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language</a></i>, the <a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_language" title="Proto-Indo-European language">Proto-Indo-European</a> root is <i>*ser</i> meaning "to protect". According to Eric Partridge in <i>Origins</i>, the Greek word <i>hērōs</i> "is akin to" the Latin <i>seruāre</i>, meaning <i>to safeguard</i>. Partridge concludes, "The basic sense of both <a href="/wiki/Hera" title="Hera">Hera</a> and hero would therefore be 'protector'." <a href="/wiki/Robert_S._P._Beekes" title="Robert S. P. Beekes">R. S. P. Beekes</a> rejects an <a href="/wiki/Indo-European_languages" title="Indo-European languages">Indo-European</a> derivation and asserts that the word has a <a href="/wiki/Pre-Greek_substrate" title="Pre-Greek substrate">Pre-Greek</a> origin.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Hera" title="Hera">Hera</a> was a <a href="/wiki/Greek_mythology" title="Greek mythology">Greek goddess</a> with many attributes, including protection and her worship appears to have similar <a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_language" title="Proto-Indo-European language">proto-Indo-European</a> origins. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Antiquity">Antiquity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hero&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Antiquity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Greek_hero_cult" title="Greek hero cult">Greek hero cult</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Perseo_in_Villa_San_Marco_Stabiae.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Perseo_in_Villa_San_Marco_Stabiae.jpg/220px-Perseo_in_Villa_San_Marco_Stabiae.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Perseo_in_Villa_San_Marco_Stabiae.jpg/330px-Perseo_in_Villa_San_Marco_Stabiae.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Perseo_in_Villa_San_Marco_Stabiae.jpg/440px-Perseo_in_Villa_San_Marco_Stabiae.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>Perseus and the head of Medusa in a Roman fresco at <a href="/wiki/Stabiae" title="Stabiae">Stabiae</a></figcaption></figure> <p>A classical hero is considered to be a "<a href="/wiki/Warrior" title="Warrior">warrior</a> who lives and dies in the pursuit of honor" and asserts their greatness by "the brilliancy and efficiency with which they kill".<sup id="cite_ref-:1_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Each classical hero's life focuses on fighting, which occurs in war or during an epic quest. Classical heroes are commonly semi-divine and extraordinarily gifted, such as <a href="/wiki/Achilles" title="Achilles">Achilles</a>, evolving into heroic characters through their perilous circumstances.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While these heroes are incredibly resourceful and skilled, they are often foolhardy, court disaster, risk their followers' lives for trivial matters, and behave arrogantly in a childlike manner.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During classical times, people regarded heroes with the highest esteem and utmost importance, explaining their prominence within epic literature.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The appearance of these mortal figures marks a revolution of audiences and writers turning away from <a href="/wiki/Twelve_Olympians" title="Twelve Olympians">immortal gods</a> to mortal mankind, whose heroic moments of glory survive in the memory of their descendants, extending their legacy.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wall_painting_-_two_heroes_conversing_-_Herculaneum_(ins_or_II_-_palaestra)_-_Napoli_MAN_9020.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Wall_painting_-_two_heroes_conversing_-_Herculaneum_%28ins_or_II_-_palaestra%29_-_Napoli_MAN_9020.jpg/220px-Wall_painting_-_two_heroes_conversing_-_Herculaneum_%28ins_or_II_-_palaestra%29_-_Napoli_MAN_9020.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Wall_painting_-_two_heroes_conversing_-_Herculaneum_%28ins_or_II_-_palaestra%29_-_Napoli_MAN_9020.jpg/330px-Wall_painting_-_two_heroes_conversing_-_Herculaneum_%28ins_or_II_-_palaestra%29_-_Napoli_MAN_9020.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Wall_painting_-_two_heroes_conversing_-_Herculaneum_%28ins_or_II_-_palaestra%29_-_Napoli_MAN_9020.jpg/440px-Wall_painting_-_two_heroes_conversing_-_Herculaneum_%28ins_or_II_-_palaestra%29_-_Napoli_MAN_9020.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5321" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption>Two heroes. A Roman fresco in <a href="/wiki/Herculaneum" title="Herculaneum">Herculaneum</a>, 30-40 AD</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Hector" title="Hector">Hector</a> was a <a href="/wiki/Troy" title="Troy">Trojan</a> prince and the greatest fighter for Troy in the <a href="/wiki/Trojan_War" title="Trojan War">Trojan War</a>, which is known primarily through <a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Iliad" title="Iliad">Iliad</a></i>. Hector acted as leader of the Trojans and their allies in the defense of Troy, "killing 31,000 Greek fighters," offers Hyginus.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hector was known not only for his courage, but also for his noble and courtly nature. Indeed, Homer places Hector as peace-loving, thoughtful, as well as bold, a good son, husband and father, and without darker motives. However, his familial values conflict greatly with his heroic aspirations in the <i>Iliad,</i> as he cannot be both the protector of <a href="/wiki/Troy" title="Troy">Troy</a> and a father to his child.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hector is ultimately betrayed by the deities when <a href="/wiki/Athena" title="Athena">Athena</a> appears disguised as his ally <a href="/wiki/Deiphobus" title="Deiphobus">Deiphobus</a> and convinces him to challenge Achilles, leading to his death at the hands of a superior warrior.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Rage_of_Achilles,_by_Giovanni_Battista_Tiepolo_(1696-1770),_Italian_Rococo_painter.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/The_Rage_of_Achilles%2C_by_Giovanni_Battista_Tiepolo_%281696-1770%29%2C_Italian_Rococo_painter.jpg/302px-The_Rage_of_Achilles%2C_by_Giovanni_Battista_Tiepolo_%281696-1770%29%2C_Italian_Rococo_painter.jpg" decoding="async" width="302" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/The_Rage_of_Achilles%2C_by_Giovanni_Battista_Tiepolo_%281696-1770%29%2C_Italian_Rococo_painter.jpg/453px-The_Rage_of_Achilles%2C_by_Giovanni_Battista_Tiepolo_%281696-1770%29%2C_Italian_Rococo_painter.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/The_Rage_of_Achilles%2C_by_Giovanni_Battista_Tiepolo_%281696-1770%29%2C_Italian_Rococo_painter.jpg/604px-The_Rage_of_Achilles%2C_by_Giovanni_Battista_Tiepolo_%281696-1770%29%2C_Italian_Rococo_painter.jpg 2x" data-file-width="745" data-file-height="524" /></a><figcaption><i>The Rage of Achilles</i>, by <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Tiepolo" title="Giovanni Battista Tiepolo">Giovanni Battista Tiepolo</a>, 1757</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Achilles" title="Achilles">Achilles</a> was a Greek hero who was considered the most formidable military fighter in the entire Trojan War and the central character of the <i>Iliad</i>. He was the child of <a href="/wiki/Thetis" title="Thetis">Thetis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peleus" title="Peleus">Peleus</a>, making him a <a href="/wiki/Demigod" title="Demigod">demi-god</a>. He wielded superhuman strength on the battlefield and was blessed with a close relationship to the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Greek_mythological_figures#Immortals" title="List of Greek mythological figures">deities</a>. Achilles famously refused to fight after his dishonoring at the hands of Agamemnon, and only returned to the war due to unadulterated rage after Hector killed his beloved companion <a href="/wiki/Patroclus" title="Patroclus">Patroclus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Achilles was known for uncontrollable rage that defined many of his bloodthirsty actions, such as defiling Hector's corpse by dragging it around the city of Troy. Achilles plays a tragic role in the <i>Iliad</i> brought about by constant <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5TFUv2VRKd8C&dq=achilles+dehumanization&pg=PA91">de-humanization</a> throughout the epic, having his <i>menis</i> (wrath) overpower his <i>philos</i> (love).<sup id="cite_ref-:1_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Heroes in myth often had close but conflicted relationships with the deities. Thus, Heracles's name means "the glory of <a href="/wiki/Hera" title="Hera">Hera</a>", even though he was tormented all his life by Hera, the Queen of the Greek deities. Perhaps the most striking example is the Athenian king <a href="/wiki/Erechtheus" title="Erechtheus">Erechtheus</a>, whom <a href="/wiki/Poseidon" title="Poseidon">Poseidon</a> killed for choosing <a href="/wiki/Athena" title="Athena">Athena</a> rather than him as the city's patron deity. When the Athenians worshiped Erechtheus on the <a href="/wiki/Acropolis_of_Athens" title="Acropolis of Athens">Acropolis</a>, they invoked him as <i>Poseidon Erechtheus</i>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Destiny" title="Destiny">Fate</a>, or destiny, plays a massive role in the stories of classical heroes. The classical hero's heroic significance stems from battlefield conquests, an inherently dangerous action.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The deities in <a href="/wiki/Greek_mythology" title="Greek mythology">Greek mythology</a>, when interacting with the heroes, often foreshadow the hero's eventual death on the battlefield. Countless heroes and deities go to great lengths to alter their pre-destined fates, but with no success, as none, neither human or immortal can change their prescribed outcomes by the three powerful <a href="/wiki/Fates" title="Fates">Fates</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most characteristic example of this is found in <i><a href="/wiki/Oedipus_Rex" title="Oedipus Rex">Oedipus Rex</a>.</i> After learning that his son, <a href="/wiki/Oedipus" title="Oedipus">Oedipus</a>, will end up killing him, the King of Thebes, <a href="/wiki/Laius" title="Laius">Laius</a>, takes huge steps to assure his son's death by removing him from the kingdom. When Oedipus encounters his father when his father was unknown to him in a dispute on the road many years later, Oedipus slays him without an afterthought. The lack of recognition enabled Oedipus to slay his father, ironically further binding his father to his fate.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Stories of heroism may serve as <a href="/wiki/Moral_example" title="Moral example">moral examples</a>. However, classical heroes often did not embody the Christian notion of an upstanding, perfectly moral hero.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, Achilles's character-issues of hateful rage lead to merciless slaughter and his overwhelming pride lead to him only joining the Trojan War because he did not want his soldiers to win all of the glory. Classical heroes, regardless of their morality, were placed in religion. In <a href="/wiki/Classical_antiquity" title="Classical antiquity">classical antiquity</a>, cults that venerated deified heroes such as <a href="/wiki/Heracles" title="Heracles">Heracles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perseus" title="Perseus">Perseus</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Achilles" title="Achilles">Achilles</a> played an important role in Ancient Greek religion.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These ancient <a href="/wiki/Greek_hero_cult" title="Greek hero cult">Greek hero cults</a> worshipped heroes from oral <a href="/wiki/Epic_Cycle" title="Epic Cycle">epic tradition</a>, with these heroes often bestowing blessings, especially healing ones, on individuals.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Myth_and_monomyth">Myth and monomyth</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hero&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Myth and monomyth"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:JourneytotheWest.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/JourneytotheWest.jpg/300px-JourneytotheWest.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/JourneytotheWest.jpg/450px-JourneytotheWest.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/JourneytotheWest.jpg/600px-JourneytotheWest.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="592" /></a><figcaption>The four heroes from the 16th-century Chinese novel, <i><a href="/wiki/Journey_to_the_West" title="Journey to the West">Journey to the West</a></i></figcaption></figure> <p>The concept of the "Mythic Hero Archetype" was first developed by <a href="/wiki/FitzRoy_Somerset,_4th_Baron_Raglan" title="FitzRoy Somerset, 4th Baron Raglan">Lord Raglan</a> in his 1936 book, <i>The Hero, A Study in Tradition, Myth and Drama</i>. It is a set of 22 common traits that he said were shared by many heroes in various cultures, myths, and religions throughout history and worldwide. Raglan argued that the higher the score, the more likely the figure is mythical.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Robert_Wilhelm_Ekman_-_Lemmink%C3%A4inen_and_the_Fiery_Eagle_-_A_I_457-307_-_Finnish_National_Gallery.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Robert_Wilhelm_Ekman_-_Lemmink%C3%A4inen_and_the_Fiery_Eagle_-_A_I_457-307_-_Finnish_National_Gallery.jpg/220px-Robert_Wilhelm_Ekman_-_Lemmink%C3%A4inen_and_the_Fiery_Eagle_-_A_I_457-307_-_Finnish_National_Gallery.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Robert_Wilhelm_Ekman_-_Lemmink%C3%A4inen_and_the_Fiery_Eagle_-_A_I_457-307_-_Finnish_National_Gallery.jpg/330px-Robert_Wilhelm_Ekman_-_Lemmink%C3%A4inen_and_the_Fiery_Eagle_-_A_I_457-307_-_Finnish_National_Gallery.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Robert_Wilhelm_Ekman_-_Lemmink%C3%A4inen_and_the_Fiery_Eagle_-_A_I_457-307_-_Finnish_National_Gallery.jpg/440px-Robert_Wilhelm_Ekman_-_Lemmink%C3%A4inen_and_the_Fiery_Eagle_-_A_I_457-307_-_Finnish_National_Gallery.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2599" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Lemmink%C3%A4inen" title="Lemminkäinen">Lemminkäinen</a> and the Fiery Eagle</i>, Robert Wilhelm Ekman, 1867</figcaption></figure> <p>The concept of a story archetype of the standard <a href="/wiki/Hero%27s_journey" title="Hero's journey">monomythical</a> "hero's <a href="/wiki/Quest" title="Quest">quest</a>" that was reputed to be pervasive across all cultures is somewhat controversial. Expounded mainly by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Campbell" title="Joseph Campbell">Joseph Campbell</a> in his 1949 work <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hero_with_a_Thousand_Faces" title="The Hero with a Thousand Faces">The Hero with a Thousand Faces</a></i>, it illustrates several uniting themes of hero stories that hold similar ideas of what a hero represents despite vastly different cultures and beliefs. The monomyth or Hero's Journey consists of three separate stages: the Departure, Initiation, and Return. Within these stages, there are several archetypes that the hero of either gender may follow, including the call to adventure (which they may initially refuse), supernatural aid, proceeding down a road of trials, achieving a realization about themselves (or an apotheosis), and attaining the freedom to live through their quest or journey. Campbell offered examples of stories with similar themes, such as <a href="/wiki/Krishna" title="Krishna">Krishna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gautama_Buddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Gautama Buddha">Buddha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apollonius_of_Tyana" title="Apollonius of Tyana">Apollonius of Tyana</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of the themes he explores is the androgynous hero, who combines male and female traits, such as Bodhisattva: "The first wonder to be noted here is the androgynous character of the Bodhisattva: masculine Avalokiteshvara, feminine Kwan Yin."<sup id="cite_ref-:0_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his 1968 book, <i>The Masks of God: Occidental Mythology</i>, Campbell writes, "It is clear that, whether accurate or not as to biographical detail, the moving legend of the Crucified and Risen Christ was fit to bring a new warmth, immediacy, and humanity, to the old motifs of the beloved <a href="/wiki/Dumuzid" title="Dumuzid">Tammuz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adonis" title="Adonis">Adonis</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Osiris" title="Osiris">Osiris</a> cycles."<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Slavic_fairy_tales">Slavic fairy tales</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hero&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Slavic fairy tales"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vasnetsov_samolet.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Vasnetsov_samolet.jpg/220px-Vasnetsov_samolet.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Vasnetsov_samolet.jpg/330px-Vasnetsov_samolet.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Vasnetsov_samolet.jpg/440px-Vasnetsov_samolet.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2362" data-file-height="1300" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Tsarevich" title="Ivan Tsarevich">Ivan Tsarevich</a>, a hero of <a href="/wiki/Slavic_paganism" title="Slavic paganism">Russian folklore</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Vasnetsov" title="Viktor Vasnetsov">Viktor Vasnetsov</a> (1880)</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Propp" title="Vladimir Propp">Vladimir Propp</a>, in his analysis of Russian <a href="/wiki/Fairy_tale" title="Fairy tale">fairy tales</a>, concluded that a fairy tale had only eight <i><a href="/wiki/Dramatis_person%C3%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="Dramatis personæ">dramatis personæ</a></i>, of which one was the hero,<sup id="cite_ref-Propp_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Propp-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: p. 80">: p. 80 </span></sup> and his analysis has been widely applied to non-Russian folklore. The actions that fall into such a hero's sphere include: </p> <ol><li>Departure on a quest</li> <li>Reacting to the test of a <a href="/wiki/Donor_(fairy_tale)" title="Donor (fairy tale)">donor</a></li> <li>Marrying a princess (or similar figure)</li></ol> <p>Propp distinguished between <i>seekers</i> and <i>victim-heroes</i>. A <a href="/wiki/Villain" title="Villain">villain</a> could initiate the issue by kidnapping the hero or driving him out; these were victim-heroes. On the other hand, an antagonist could rob the hero, or kidnap someone close to him, or, without the villain's intervention, the hero could realize that he lacked something and set out to find it; these heroes are seekers. Victims may appear in tales with seeker heroes, but the tale does not follow them both.<sup id="cite_ref-Propp_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Propp-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 36">: 36 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historical_studies">Historical studies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hero&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Historical studies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_history" title="Philosophy of history">Philosophy of history</a> and <a href="/wiki/Great_man_theory" title="Great man theory">Great man theory</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Simo_hayha_honorary_rifle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Simo_hayha_honorary_rifle.jpg/170px-Simo_hayha_honorary_rifle.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="244" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Simo_hayha_honorary_rifle.jpg/255px-Simo_hayha_honorary_rifle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Simo_hayha_honorary_rifle.jpg/340px-Simo_hayha_honorary_rifle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="719" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Simo_H%C3%A4yh%C3%A4" title="Simo Häyhä">Simo Häyhä</a>, a Finnish military sniper during the <a href="/wiki/Winter_War" title="Winter War">Winter War</a>, achieved the reputation of a pioneering war hero,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> despite his modest nature.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>The philosopher <a href="/wiki/Georg_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Hegel" title="Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel">Hegel</a> gave a central role to the "hero", personalized by <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a>, as the incarnation of a particular culture's <i><a href="/wiki/Geist#Volksgeist" title="Geist">Volksgeist</a></i> and thus of the general <i><a href="/wiki/Zeitgeist" title="Zeitgeist">Zeitgeist</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Carlyle" title="Thomas Carlyle">Thomas Carlyle</a>'s 1841 work, <i><a href="/wiki/On_Heroes,_Hero-Worship,_%26_the_Heroic_in_History" title="On Heroes, Hero-Worship, & the Heroic in History">On Heroes, Hero-Worship, & the Heroic in History</a></i>, also accorded an essential function to heroes and great men in history. Carlyle centered history on the <a href="/wiki/Biography" title="Biography">biographies</a> of individuals, as in <i><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Cromwell%27s_Letters_and_Speeches" title="Oliver Cromwell's Letters and Speeches">Oliver Cromwell's Letters and Speeches</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/History_of_Frederick_the_Great" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Frederick the Great">History of Frederick the Great</a></i>. His heroes were not only political and military figures, the founders or topplers of states, but also religious figures, poets, authors, and <a href="/wiki/Captains_of_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Captains of industry">captains of industry</a>. </p><p>Explicit defenses of Carlyle's position were rare in the second part of the 20th century. Most in the <a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_history" title="Philosophy of history">philosophy of history</a> school contend that the motive forces in history may best be described only with a wider lens than the one that Carlyle used for his portraits. For example, <a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Karl Marx</a> argued that history was determined by the massive social forces at play in "<a href="/wiki/Class_conflict" title="Class conflict">class struggles</a>", not by the individuals by whom these forces are played out. After Marx, <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Spencer" title="Herbert Spencer">Herbert Spencer</a> wrote at the end of the 19th century: "You must admit that the genesis of the great man depends on the long series of complex influences which has produced the race in which he appears, and the social state into which that race has slowly grown...[b]efore he can remake his society, his society must make him."<sup id="cite_ref-Spencer_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spencer-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Michel_Foucault" title="Michel Foucault">Michel Foucault</a> argued in <a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_history#Michel_Foucault's_analysis_of_historical_and_political_discourse" title="Philosophy of history">his analysis of societal communication and debate</a> that history was mainly the "science of the <a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">sovereign</a>", until its inversion by the "historical and political popular discourse". </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Raoul_Wallenberg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Raoul_Wallenberg.jpg/150px-Raoul_Wallenberg.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Raoul_Wallenberg.jpg/225px-Raoul_Wallenberg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Raoul_Wallenberg.jpg/300px-Raoul_Wallenberg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="552" data-file-height="736" /></a><figcaption>The Swedish Diplomat <a href="/wiki/Raoul_Wallenberg" title="Raoul Wallenberg">Raoul Wallenberg</a> saved the lives of tens of thousands of Jews in Budapest during World War II.<sup id="cite_ref-thomas.loc.gov_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thomas.loc.gov-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Annales_school" title="Annales school">Annales school</a>, led by <a href="/wiki/Lucien_Febvre" title="Lucien Febvre">Lucien Febvre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marc_Bloch" title="Marc Bloch">Marc Bloch</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Fernand_Braudel" title="Fernand Braudel">Fernand Braudel</a>, would contest the exaggeration of the role of <a href="/wiki/Subject_(philosophy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Subject (philosophy)">individual subjects</a> in history. Indeed, Braudel distinguished various time scales, one accorded to the life of an individual, another accorded to the life of a few human generations, and the last one to <a href="/wiki/Civilization" title="Civilization">civilizations</a>, in which <a href="/wiki/Geography" title="Geography">geography</a>, <a href="/wiki/Economics" title="Economics">economics</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Demography" title="Demography">demography</a> play a role considerably more decisive than that of individual subjects. </p><p>Among noticeable events in the studies of the role of the hero and <a href="/wiki/Great_man_theory" title="Great man theory">great man</a> in history one should mention <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Hook" title="Sidney Hook">Sidney Hook</a>'s book (1943) <i><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Hook#Hero_in_History" title="Sidney Hook">The Hero in History</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the second half of the twentieth century such male-focused theory has been contested, among others by feminists writers such as <a href="/wiki/Judith_Fetterley" title="Judith Fetterley">Judith Fetterley</a> in <i>The Resisting Reader</i> (1977)<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and literary theorist <a href="/wiki/Nancy_K._Miller" title="Nancy K. Miller">Nancy K. Miller</a>, <i>The Heroine's Text: Readings in the French and English Novel, 1722–1782</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the epoch of <a href="/wiki/Globalization" title="Globalization">globalization</a> an individual may change the development of the country and of the whole world, so this gives reasons to some scholars to suggest returning to the problem of the role of the hero in history from the viewpoint of modern historical knowledge and using up-to-date methods of historical analysis.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Within the frameworks of developing <a href="/wiki/Counterfactual_history" title="Counterfactual history">counterfactual history</a>, attempts are made to examine some hypothetical scenarios of historical development. The hero attracts much attention because most of those scenarios are based on the suppositions: what would have happened if this or that historical individual had or had not been alive.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modern_fiction">Modern fiction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hero&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Modern fiction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(novel)" title="Vanity Fair (novel)">Vanity Fair (novel)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Superhero" title="Superhero">Superhero</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Batman_and_Robin_1966.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Batman_and_Robin_1966.JPG/220px-Batman_and_Robin_1966.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Batman_and_Robin_1966.JPG/330px-Batman_and_Robin_1966.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Batman_and_Robin_1966.JPG/440px-Batman_and_Robin_1966.JPG 2x" data-file-width="732" data-file-height="877" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Batman" title="Batman">Batman</a> (<a href="/wiki/Adam_West" title="Adam West">Adam West</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Robin_(character)" title="Robin (character)">Robin</a> (Burt Ward) in the 1966–1968 television series, <i><a href="/wiki/Batman_(TV_series)" title="Batman (TV series)">Batman</a></i></figcaption></figure> <p>The word "hero" (or "heroine" in modern times), is sometimes used to describe the <a href="/wiki/Protagonist" title="Protagonist">protagonist</a> or the <a href="/wiki/List_of_stock_characters" title="List of stock characters">romantic interest</a> of a story, a usage which may conflict with the superhuman expectations of heroism.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A good example is <a href="/wiki/Anna_Karenina" title="Anna Karenina">Anna Karenina</a>, the lead character in the novel of the same title by <a href="/wiki/Leo_Tolstoy" title="Leo Tolstoy">Leo Tolstoy</a>. In modern literature the hero is more and more a problematic concept. In 1848, for example, <a href="/wiki/William_Makepeace_Thackeray" title="William Makepeace Thackeray">William Makepeace Thackeray</a> gave <i><a href="/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(novel)" title="Vanity Fair (novel)">Vanity Fair</a></i> the subtitle, <i>A Novel without a Hero</i>, and imagined a world in which no sympathetic character was to be found.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Vanity Fair</i> is a satirical representation of the absence of truly moral heroes in the modern world.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The story focuses on the characters, Emmy Sedley and Becky Sharpe (the latter as the clearly defined anti-hero), with the plot focused on the eventual marriage of these two characters to rich men, revealing character flaws as the story progresses. Even the most sympathetic characters, such as Captain Dobbin, are susceptible to weakness, as he is often narcissistic and melancholic. </p><p>The larger-than-life hero is a more common feature of <a href="/wiki/Fantasy" title="Fantasy">fantasy</a> (particularly in <a href="/wiki/Comic_book" title="Comic book">comic books</a> and <a href="/wiki/High_fantasy" title="High fantasy">epic fantasy</a>) than more realist works.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, these larger-than life figures remain prevalent in society. The superhero genre is a multibillion-dollar industry that includes comic books, movies, toys, and video games. Superheroes usually possess extraordinary talents and powers that no living human could ever possess. The superhero stories often pit a <a href="/wiki/Supervillain" title="Supervillain">super villain</a> against the hero, with the hero fighting the crime caused by the super villain. Examples of long-running superheroes include <a href="/wiki/Superman" title="Superman">Superman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wonder_Woman" title="Wonder Woman">Wonder Woman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Batman" title="Batman">Batman</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Spider-Man" title="Spider-Man">Spider-Man</a>. </p><p>Research indicates that male writers are more likely to make heroines superhuman, whereas female writers tend to make heroines ordinary humans, as well as making their male heroes more powerful than their heroines, possibly due to sex differences in valued traits.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Psychology">Psychology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hero&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Psychology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Social_psychology" title="Social psychology">Social psychology</a> has begun paying attention to heroes and heroism.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zeno Franco and <a href="/wiki/Philip_Zimbardo" title="Philip Zimbardo">Philip Zimbardo</a> point out differences between heroism and altruism, and they offer evidence that observer perceptions of unjustified risk play a role above and beyond risk type in determining the ascription of heroic status.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Psychologists have also identified the traits of heroes. Elaine Kinsella and her colleagues<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> have identified 12 central traits of heroism, which consist of brave, moral integrity, conviction, courageous, <a href="/wiki/Self-sacrifice" title="Self-sacrifice">self-sacrifice</a>, protecting, honest, selfless, determined, saves others, inspiring, and helpful. Scott Allison and George Goethals<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> uncovered evidence for "the great eight traits" of heroes consisting of wise, strong, resilient, reliable, charismatic, caring, selfless, and inspiring. These researchers have also identified four primary functions of heroism.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Heroes give us wisdom; they enhance us; they provide moral modeling; and they offer protection. </p><p>An <a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_psychology" title="Evolutionary psychology">evolutionary psychology</a> explanation for heroic risk-taking is that it is a <a href="/wiki/Handicap_principle" title="Handicap principle">costly signal</a> demonstrating the ability of the hero. It may be seen as one form of <a href="/wiki/Altruism" title="Altruism">altruism</a> for which there are several other evolutionary explanations as well.<sup id="cite_ref-AEP1_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AEP1-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EEPS1_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EEPS1-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Roma Chatterji has suggested that the hero or more generally protagonist is first and foremost a symbolic representation of the person who is experiencing the story while reading, listening, or watching;<sup id="cite_ref-Chatterji_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chatterji-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> thus the relevance of the hero to the individual relies a great deal on how much similarity there is between them and the character. Chatterji suggested that one reason for the hero-as-self interpretation of stories and myths is the human inability to view the world from any perspective but a personal one. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize" title="Pulitzer Prize">Pulitzer Prize</a>-winning book, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Denial_of_Death" title="The Denial of Death">The Denial of Death</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Becker" title="Ernest Becker">Ernest Becker</a> argues that human civilization is ultimately an elaborate, symbolic defense mechanism against the knowledge of our mortality, which in turn acts as the emotional and intellectual response to our basic <a href="/wiki/Anti-predator_adaptation" title="Anti-predator adaptation">survival mechanism</a>. Becker explains that a basic duality in human life exists between the physical world of objects and a symbolic world of human meaning. Thus, since humanity has a dualistic nature consisting of a physical self and a symbolic self, he asserts that humans are able to transcend the <a href="/wiki/Dilemma" title="Dilemma">dilemma</a> of mortality through heroism, by focusing attention mainly on the symbolic self. This symbolic self-focus takes the form of an individual's "<a href="/wiki/Immortality" title="Immortality">immortality</a> project" (or "<i><a href="/wiki/Causa_sui" title="Causa sui">causa sui</a></i> project"), which is essentially a symbolic belief-system that ensures that one is believed superior to physical reality. By successfully living under the terms of the immortality project, people feel they can become heroic and, henceforth, part of something eternal; something that will never die as compared to their physical body. This he asserts, in turn, gives people the feeling that their lives have meaning, a purpose, and are significant in the grand scheme of things. Another theme running throughout the book is that humanity's traditional "hero-systems", such as <a href="/wiki/Religion" title="Religion">religion</a>, are no longer convincing in the <a href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">age of reason</a>. Science attempts to serve as an immortality project, something that Becker believes it can never do, because it is unable to provide agreeable, absolute meanings to human life. The book states that we need new convincing "illusions" that enable people to feel heroic in ways that are agreeable. Becker, however, does not provide any definitive answer, mainly because he believes that there is no perfect solution. Instead, he hopes that gradual realization of humanity's innate motivations, namely death, may help to bring about a better world. <a href="/wiki/Terror_management_theory" title="Terror management theory">Terror Management Theory</a> (TMT) has generated evidence supporting this perspective. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mental_and_physical_integration">Mental and physical integration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hero&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Mental and physical integration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Examining the success of resistance fighters on <a href="/wiki/Crete" title="Crete">Crete</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Axis_occupation_of_Greece" title="Axis occupation of Greece">Nazi occupation in WWII</a>, author and endurance researcher <a href="/wiki/Christopher_McDougall" title="Christopher McDougall">C. McDougall</a> drew connections to the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Ancient Greek</a> heroes and a culture of integrated physical self-mastery, training, and mental conditioning that fostered confidence to take action, and made it possible for individuals to accomplish feats of great prowess, even under the harshest of conditions. The skills established an "ability to unleash tremendous resources of strength, endurance, and agility that many people don't realize they already have."<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> McDougall cites examples of heroic acts, including a <i><a href="/wiki/Scholium" class="mw-redirect" title="Scholium">scholium</a></i> to <a href="/wiki/Pindar" title="Pindar">Pindar</a>'s Fifth Nemean Ode: "Much weaker in strength than the <a href="/wiki/Minotaur" title="Minotaur">Minotaur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Theseus" title="Theseus">Theseus</a> fought with it and won using <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Pankration" title="Pankration">pankration</a></i></span>, as he had no knife." <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc-Latn">Pankration</i></span>, a martial art that featured in the ancient Olympic Games, means "total power and knowledge", one "associated with gods and heroes ... who conquer by tapping every talent".<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hero&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_hero" title="Action hero">Action hero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antihero" title="Antihero">Antihero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byronic_hero" title="Byronic hero">Byronic hero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Hero_Fund" title="Carnegie Hero Fund">Carnegie Hero Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_hero" title="Culture hero">Culture hero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_hero" title="Folk hero">Folk hero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanic_hero" class="mw-redirect" title="Germanic hero">Germanic hero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helping_behavior" title="Helping behavior">Helping behavior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hero_and_Leander" title="Hero and Leander">Hero and Leander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hero_of_Socialist_Labour" title="Hero of Socialist Labour">Hero of Socialist Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heroic_fantasy" class="mw-redirect" title="Heroic fantasy">Heroic fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_female_action_heroes_and_villains" title="List of female action heroes and villains">List of female action heroes and villains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_genres" title="List of genres">List of genres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messiah" title="Messiah">Messiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moral_development" title="Moral development">Moral development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randian_hero" title="Randian hero">Randian hero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reluctant_hero" title="Reluctant hero">Reluctant hero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rescue" title="Rescue">Rescue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_hero" title="Romantic hero">Romantic hero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soter" title="Soter">Soter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_opera" title="Space opera">Space opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_good" title="Common good">The common good</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tragic_hero" title="Tragic hero">Tragic hero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youxia" title="Youxia">Youxia</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hero&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-scholar_and_patriot-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-scholar_and_patriot_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iWK7AAAAIAAJ&pg=PAPA133&q=Garibaldi%2Bone%2Bof%2Bthe%2Bgreatest%2Bgenerals%2Bof%2Bmodern%2Btime">"Scholar and Patriot"</a>. Manchester University Press – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Scholar+and+Patriot&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiWK7AAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPAPA133%26q%3DGaribaldi%252Bone%252Bof%252Bthe%252Bgreatest%252Bgenerals%252Bof%252Bmodern%252Btime&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHero" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Garibaldi_on_Encyclopædia_Britannica-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Garibaldi_on_Encyclopædia_Britannica_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/225978/Giuseppe-Garibaldi">"Giuseppe Garibaldi (Italian revolutionary)"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140226091529/https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/225978/Giuseppe-Garibaldi">Archived</a> from the original on 26 February 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Giuseppe+Garibaldi+%28Italian+revolutionary%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F225978%2FGiuseppe-Garibaldi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHero" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gölz-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gölz_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGölz2019" class="citation journal cs1">Gölz, Olmo (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/41498238">"The Imaginary Field of the Heroic: On the Contention between Heroes, Martyrs, Victims and Villains in Collective Memory"</a>. <i>helden. heroes. héros</i>: 27–38. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.6094%2Fhelden.heroes.heros.%2F2019%2FAPH%2F04">10.6094/helden.heroes.heros./2019/APH/04</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=helden.+heroes.+h%C3%A9ros&rft.atitle=The+Imaginary+Field+of+the+Heroic%3A+On+the+Contention+between+Heroes%2C+Martyrs%2C+Victims+and+Villains+in+Collective+Memory&rft.pages=27-38&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.6094%2Fhelden.heroes.heros.%2F2019%2FAPH%2F04&rft.aulast=G%C3%B6lz&rft.aufirst=Olmo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F41498238&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHero" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:02-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:02_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:02_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:02_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:02_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://academic.eb.com/EBchecked/topic/263398/hero">"Hero"</a>. <i>Britannica Online Encyclopedia</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-12-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Hero&rft.btitle=Britannica+Online+Encyclopedia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Facademic.eb.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F263398%2Fhero&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHero" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/hero">"Definition of HERO"</a>. <i>Merriam Webster Online Dictionary</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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"Heroism: A conceptual analysis and differentiation between heroic action and altruism". <i>Review of General Psychology</i>. <b>5</b> (2): 99–113. <a href="/wiki/CiteSeerX_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="CiteSeerX (identifier)">CiteSeerX</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.366.8315">10.1.1.366.8315</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1037%2Fa0022672">10.1037/a0022672</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:16085963">16085963</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Review+of+General+Psychology&rft.atitle=Heroism%3A+A+conceptual+analysis+and+differentiation+between+heroic+action+and+altruism&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=99-113&rft.date=2011&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fsummary%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.366.8315%23id-name%3DCiteSeerX&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A16085963%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1037%2Fa0022672&rft.aulast=Franco&rft.aufirst=Z.&rft.au=Blau%2C+K.&rft.au=Zimbardo%2C+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHero" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKinsellaRitchieIgou2015" class="citation journal cs1">Kinsella, E.; Ritchie, T.; Igou, E. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/19829134">"Zeroing in on Heroes: A prototype analysis of hero features"</a>. <i>Journal of Personality and Social Psychology</i>. <b>108</b> (1): 114–127. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1037%2Fa0038463">10.1037/a0038463</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10344%2F5515">10344/5515</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25603370">25603370</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Personality+and+Social+Psychology&rft.atitle=Zeroing+in+on+Heroes%3A+A+prototype+analysis+of+hero+features&rft.volume=108&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=114-127&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10344%2F5515&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25603370&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1037%2Fa0038463&rft.aulast=Kinsella&rft.aufirst=E.&rft.au=Ritchie%2C+T.&rft.au=Igou%2C+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffigshare.com%2Farticles%2Fjournal_contribution%2F19829134&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHero" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllisonGoethals2011" class="citation book cs1">Allison, S. T.; Goethals, G. R. (2011). <i>Heroes: What They Do & Why We Need Them</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199739745" title="Special:BookSources/9780199739745"><bdi>9780199739745</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Heroes%3A+What+They+Do+%26+Why+We+Need+Them&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9780199739745&rft.aulast=Allison&rft.aufirst=S.+T.&rft.au=Goethals%2C+G.+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHero" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllisonGoethals2015" class="citation journal cs1">Allison, S. T.; Goethals, G. R. (2015). "Hero worship: The elevation of the human spirit". <i>Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour</i>. <b>46</b> (2): 187–210. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fjtsb.12094">10.1111/jtsb.12094</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+for+the+Theory+of+Social+Behaviour&rft.atitle=Hero+worship%3A+The+elevation+of+the+human+spirit&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=187-210&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fjtsb.12094&rft.aulast=Allison&rft.aufirst=S.+T.&rft.au=Goethals%2C+G.+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHero" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AEP1-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AEP1_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pat Barcaly. The evolution of charitable behaviour and the power of reputation. In <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoberts2011" class="citation book cs1">Roberts, S. C. (2011). Roberts, S. Craig (ed.). <i>Applied Evolutionary Psychology</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Facprof%3Aoso%2F9780199586073.001.0001">10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199586073.001.0001</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199586073" title="Special:BookSources/9780199586073"><bdi>9780199586073</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Applied+Evolutionary+Psychology&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Facprof%3Aoso%2F9780199586073.001.0001&rft.isbn=9780199586073&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=S.+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHero" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EEPS1-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EEPS1_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hannes Rusch. High-cost altruistic helping. In <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShackelfordWeekes-Shackelford2016" class="citation book cs1">Shackelford, T. K.; Weekes-Shackelford, V. A., eds. (2016). <i>Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Psychological Science</i>. Springer. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-319-16999-6_1556-1">10.1007/978-3-319-16999-6_1556-1</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783319196510" title="Special:BookSources/9783319196510"><bdi>9783319196510</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Evolutionary+Psychological+Science&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-3-319-16999-6_1556-1&rft.isbn=9783319196510&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHero" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chatterji-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Chatterji_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChatterji1986" class="citation journal cs1">Chatterji, Roma (January 1986). "The Voyage of the Hero: The Self and the Other in One Narrative Tradition of Purulia". <i>Contributions to Indian Sociology</i>. <b>19</b> (19): 95–114. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F006996685019001007">10.1177/006996685019001007</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:170436735">170436735</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Contributions+to+Indian+Sociology&rft.atitle=The+Voyage+of+the+Hero%3A+The+Self+and+the+Other+in+One+Narrative+Tradition+of+Purulia&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=19&rft.pages=95-114&rft.date=1986-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F006996685019001007&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A170436735%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Chatterji&rft.aufirst=Roma&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHero" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcDougall2016" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Christopher_McDougall" title="Christopher McDougall">McDougall, Christopher</a> (2016). <i>Natural Born Heroes: Mastering the Lost Secrets of Strength and Endurance</i>. Penguin. p. 12. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-307-74222-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-307-74222-3"><bdi>978-0-307-74222-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Natural+Born+Heroes%3A+Mastering+the+Lost+Secrets+of+Strength+and+Endurance&rft.pages=12&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-0-307-74222-3&rft.aulast=McDougall&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHero" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcDougall2016" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Christopher_McDougall" title="Christopher McDougall">McDougall, Christopher</a> (2016). <i>Natural Born Heroes: Mastering the Lost Secrets of Strength and Endurance</i>. Penguin. p. 91. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-307-74222-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-307-74222-3"><bdi>978-0-307-74222-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Natural+Born+Heroes%3A+Mastering+the+Lost+Secrets+of+Strength+and+Endurance&rft.pages=91&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-0-307-74222-3&rft.aulast=McDougall&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHero" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hero&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllison2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Scott_Allison" title="Scott Allison">Allison, Scott</a> (2010). <i>Heroes: What They Do and Why We Need Them</i>. <a href="/wiki/Richmond,_Virginia" title="Richmond, Virginia">Richmond, Virginia</a>: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Heroes%3A+What+They+Do+and+Why+We+Need+Them&rft.place=Richmond%2C+Virginia&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Allison&rft.aufirst=Scott&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHero" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBell1859" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Bell_(journalist)" title="Andrew Bell (journalist)">Bell, Andrew</a> (1859). <i>British-Canadian Centennium, 1759–1859: General James Wolfe, His Life and Death: A Lecture Delivered in the Mechanics' Institute Hall, Montreal, on Tuesday, September 13, 1859, being the Anniversary Day of the Battle of Quebec, fought a Century before in which Britain lost a Hero and Won a Province</i>. Quebec: J. Lovell. p. 52.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=British-Canadian+Centennium%2C+1759%E2%80%931859%3A+General+James+Wolfe%2C+His+Life+and+Death%3A+A+Lecture+Delivered+in+the+Mechanics%27+Institute+Hall%2C+Montreal%2C+on+Tuesday%2C+September+13%2C+1859%2C+being+the+Anniversary+Day+of+the+Battle+of+Quebec%2C+fought+a+Century+before+in+which+Britain+lost+a+Hero+and+Won+a+Province&rft.place=Quebec&rft.pages=52&rft.pub=J.+Lovell&rft.date=1859&rft.aulast=Bell&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHero" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlashfield1981" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Blashfield_Black" title="Jean Blashfield Black">Blashfield, Jean</a> (1981). <i>Hellraisers, Heroines and Holy Women</i>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York</a>: <a href="/wiki/St._Martin%27s_Press" title="St. Martin's Press">St. Martin's Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hellraisers%2C+Heroines+and+Holy+Women&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=St.+Martin%27s+Press&rft.date=1981&rft.aulast=Blashfield&rft.aufirst=Jean&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHero" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurkert1985" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Walter_Burkert" title="Walter Burkert">Burkert, Walter</a> (1985). "The dead, heroes and chthonic gods". <i>Greek Religion</i>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusetts" title="Cambridge, Massachusetts">Cambridge, Mass.</a>: <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+dead%2C+heroes+and+chthonic+gods&rft.btitle=Greek+Religion&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Mass.&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1985&rft.aulast=Burkert&rft.aufirst=Walter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHero" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCalder1977" class="citation book cs1">Calder, Jenni (1977). <i>Heroes. From Byron to Guevara</i>. London: Hamish Hamilton. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-241-89536-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-241-89536-8"><bdi>978-0-241-89536-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Heroes.+From+Byron+to+Guevara&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Hamish+Hamilton&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=978-0-241-89536-8&rft.aulast=Calder&rft.aufirst=Jenni&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHero" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCampbell1949" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Campbell" title="Joseph Campbell">Campbell, Joseph</a> (1949). <a href="/wiki/The_Hero_with_a_Thousand_Faces" title="The Hero with a Thousand Faces"><i>The Hero with a Thousand Faces</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Princeton,_New_Jersey" title="Princeton, New Jersey">Princeton</a>: <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University_Press" title="Princeton University Press">Princeton University Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Hero+with+a+Thousand+Faces&rft.place=Princeton&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1949&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHero" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChatterji1986" class="citation journal cs1">Chatterji, Roma (1986). "The Voyage of the Hero: The Self and the Other in One Narrative Tradition of Purulia". <i>Contributions to Indian Sociology</i>. <b>19</b>: 95–114. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F006996685019001007">10.1177/006996685019001007</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:170436735">170436735</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Contributions+to+Indian+Sociology&rft.atitle=The+Voyage+of+the+Hero%3A+The+Self+and+the+Other+in+One+Narrative+Tradition+of+Purulia&rft.volume=19&rft.pages=95-114&rft.date=1986&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F006996685019001007&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A170436735%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Chatterji&rft.aufirst=Roma&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHero" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Carlyle, Thomas (1840) <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/heroesheroworshi00carl">On Heroes, Hero Worship and the Heroic in History</a></i></li> <li>Craig, David, <i>Back Home</i>, Life Magazine-Special Issue, Volume 8, Number 6, 85–94.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDundesOtto_RankLord_Raglan1990" class="citation book cs1">Dundes, Alan; Otto Rank; Lord Raglan (1990). <i>In Quest of the Hero</i>. <a href="/wiki/Princeton,_New_Jersey" title="Princeton, New Jersey">Princeton</a>: <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University_Press" title="Princeton University Press">Princeton University Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+Quest+of+the+Hero&rft.place=Princeton&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.aulast=Dundes&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft.au=Otto+Rank&rft.au=Lord+Raglan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHero" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHadasMorton_Smith1965" class="citation book cs1">Hadas, Moses; Morton Smith (1965). <i>Heroes and Gods</i>. <a href="/wiki/HarperCollins" title="HarperCollins">Harper & Row</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Heroes+and+Gods&rft.pub=Harper+%26+Row&rft.date=1965&rft.aulast=Hadas&rft.aufirst=Moses&rft.au=Morton+Smith&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHero" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHein1993" class="citation journal cs1">Hein, David (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5000242002">"The Death of Heroes, the Recovery of the Heroic"</a>. <i>Christian Century</i>. <b>110</b>: 1298–1303.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Christian+Century&rft.atitle=The+Death+of+Heroes%2C+the+Recovery+of+the+Heroic&rft.volume=110&rft.pages=1298-1303&rft.date=1993&rft.aulast=Hein&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.questia.com%2FPM.qst%3Fa%3Do%26d%3D5000242002&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHero" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKerényi1959" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/K%C3%A1roly_Ker%C3%A9nyi" title="Károly Kerényi">Kerényi, Karl</a> (1959). <i>The Heroes of the Greeks</i>. <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>: <a href="/wiki/Thames_%26_Hudson" title="Thames & Hudson">Thames & Hudson</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Heroes+of+the+Greeks&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Thames+%26+Hudson&rft.date=1959&rft.aulast=Ker%C3%A9nyi&rft.aufirst=Karl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHero" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Hook, Sydney (1943) <i>The Hero in History: A Study in Limitation and Possibility</i></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhan2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sharif_Khan" title="Sharif Khan">Khan, Sharif</a> (2004). <i>Psychology of the Hero Soul</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Psychology+of+the+Hero+Soul&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Khan&rft.aufirst=Sharif&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHero" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLee2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Lee_(historian)" title="Christopher Lee (historian)">Lee, Christopher</a> (2005). <i>Nelson and Napoleon, The Long Haul to Trafalgar</i>. headline books. p. 560. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7553-1041-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7553-1041-8"><bdi>978-0-7553-1041-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nelson+and+Napoleon%2C+The+Long+Haul+to+Trafalgar&rft.pages=560&rft.pub=headline+books&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-7553-1041-8&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHero" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Liddell" title="Henry Liddell">Lidell, Henry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Scott_(philologist)" title="Robert Scott (philologist)">Robert Scott</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/A_Greek%E2%80%93English_Lexicon" title="A Greek–English Lexicon">A Greek–English Lexicon</a>.</i>   <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057">link</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRohde1924" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Erwin_Rohde" title="Erwin Rohde">Rohde, Erwin</a> (1924). <i>Psyche</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Psyche&rft.date=1924&rft.aulast=Rohde&rft.aufirst=Erwin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHero" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrice2014" class="citation book cs1">Price, John (2014). <i>Everyday Heroism: Victorian Constructions of the Heroic Civilian</i>. London: Bloomsbury. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4411-0665-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4411-0665-0"><bdi>978-1-4411-0665-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Everyday+Heroism%3A+Victorian+Constructions+of+the+Heroic+Civilian&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Bloomsbury&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-4411-0665-0&rft.aulast=Price&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHero" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLord_Raglan1936" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/FitzRoy_Somerset,_4th_Baron_Raglan" title="FitzRoy Somerset, 4th Baron Raglan">Lord Raglan</a> (1936). <i>The Hero: A Study in Tradition, Myth and Drama</i>. Mineola, NY: Dover Publications.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Hero%3A+A+Study+in+Tradition%2C+Myth+and+Drama&rft.place=Mineola%2C+NY&rft.pub=Dover+Publications&rft.date=1936&rft.au=Lord+Raglan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHero" class="Z3988"></span> (Republished 2003)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmidchens2007" class="citation journal cs1">Smidchens, Guntis (2007). "National Heroic Narratives in the Baltics as a Source for Nonviolent Political Action". <i>Slavic Review</i>. <b>66, 3</b> (3): 484–508. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F20060298">10.2307/20060298</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20060298">20060298</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:156435931">156435931</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Slavic+Review&rft.atitle=National+Heroic+Narratives+in+the+Baltics+as+a+Source+for+Nonviolent+Political+Action&rft.volume=66%2C3&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=484-508&rft.date=2007&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A156435931%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F20060298%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F20060298&rft.aulast=Smidchens&rft.aufirst=Guntis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHero" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSvoboda2014" class="citation book cs1">Svoboda, Elizabeth (2014). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/whatmakesherosur0000svob"><i>What Makes a Hero?: The Surprising Science of Selflessness</i></a></span>. Current. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1617230134" title="Special:BookSources/978-1617230134"><bdi>978-1617230134</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=What+Makes+a+Hero%3F%3A+The+Surprising+Science+of+Selflessness&rft.pub=Current&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1617230134&rft.aulast=Svoboda&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwhatmakesherosur0000svob&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHero" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hero&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hero" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:hero">hero</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Heroes" class="extiw" title="q:Heroes">Heroes</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.screenonline.org.uk/tours/heroes/tour1.html"><i>The British Hero</i></a> — online exhibition from <a href="/wiki/Screenonline" title="Screenonline">screenonline</a>, a website of the <a href="/wiki/British_Film_Institute" title="British Film Institute">British Film Institute</a>, looking at British heroes of film and television.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/history/inourtime/inourtime_20040506.shtml">Listen to BBC Radio 4's <i>In Our Time</i> programme on Heroism</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rootsofaction.com/blog/role-of-heroes-for-children/">"The Role of Heroes in Children's Lives"</a> by <a href="/wiki/Marilyn_Price-Mitchell" title="Marilyn Price-Mitchell">Marilyn Price-Mitchell</a>, PhD</li> <li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vimeo.com/ondemand/10percent">10% — What Makes A Hero</a></i> directed by <a href="/wiki/Yoav_Shamir" title="Yoav Shamir">Yoav Shamir</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style 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tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Fantasy_fiction" style="text-align:center;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Fantasy_fiction" title="Template:Fantasy fiction"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Fantasy_fiction" title="Template talk:Fantasy fiction"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Fantasy_fiction" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Fantasy fiction"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Fantasy_fiction" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Fantasy" title="Fantasy">Fantasy fiction</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_fantasy" title="History of fantasy">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_literature" title="Fantasy literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_in_fiction" title="Magic in fiction">Magic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_history_of_fantasy" title="Early history of fantasy">Sources</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subgenres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Action-adventure <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lost_world" title="Lost world">Lost world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sword_and_sorcery" title="Sword and sorcery">Sword and sorcery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuxia" title="Wuxia">Wuxia‎</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alternate_history" title="Alternate history">Alternate history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_fantasy" title="Contemporary fantasy">Contemporary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_fantasy" title="Children's fantasy">Children's fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_comedy" title="Fantasy comedy">Comedy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangsian_fantasy" title="Bangsian fantasy">Bangsian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_fantasy" title="Dark fantasy">Dark fantasy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grimdark" title="Grimdark">Grimdark</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairy_tale_parody" title="Fairy tale parody">Fairy tale parodies</a>‎</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairytale_fantasy" title="Fairytale fantasy">Fairytale fantasy</a>‎</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantastique" title="Fantastique">Fantastique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_of_manners" title="Fantasy of manners">Fantasy of manners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_fantasy" title="Hard fantasy">Hard fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_fantasy" title="High fantasy">High fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_fantasy" title="Historical fantasy">Historical fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isekai" title="Isekai">Isekai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LitRPG" title="LitRPG">LitRPG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low_fantasy" title="Low fantasy">Low fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magical_girl" title="Magical girl">Magical girl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mythic_fiction" title="Mythic fiction">Mythic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mythpunk" class="mw-redirect" title="Mythpunk">Mythpunk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mythopoeia" title="Mythopoeia">Mythopoeia‎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omegaverse" title="Omegaverse">Omegaverse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_fantasy" title="Romantic fantasy">Romantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fantasy" title="Science fantasy">Science fantasy</a>‎ <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dying_Earth_(genre)" title="Dying Earth (genre)">Dying Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_romance" title="Planetary romance">Planetary romance</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gods_and_demons_fiction" title="Gods and demons fiction">Shenmo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_fantasy" title="Urban fantasy">Urban fantasy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Occult_detective_fiction" title="Occult detective fiction">Occult detective fiction‎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paranormal_romance" title="Paranormal romance">Paranormal romance</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weird_fiction" title="Weird fiction">Weird fiction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_weird" title="New weird">New weird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weird_West" title="Weird West">Weird West</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_Western" class="mw-redirect" title="Fantasy Western">West‎ern fantasy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_film" title="Fantasy film">Film</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fantasy_television" title="Fantasy television">television</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fantasy_anime" title="List of fantasy anime">Anime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_fantasy_films" title="Lists of fantasy films">Films</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest-grossing_fantasy_films" title="List of highest-grossing fantasy films">highest-grossing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sword_and_sorcery_films" title="List of sword and sorcery films">S&S</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fantasy_television_programs" title="List of fantasy television programs">Television programs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_literature" title="Fantasy literature">Literature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fantasy_authors" title="List of fantasy authors">Authors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballantine_Adult_Fantasy_series" title="Ballantine Adult Fantasy series">Ballantine Adult Fantasy series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_comics" title="Fantasy comics">Comics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fantasy_comics" title="List of fantasy comics">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Encyclopedia_of_Fantasy" title="The Encyclopedia of Fantasy">The Encyclopedia of Fantasy</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_Masterworks" title="Fantasy Masterworks">Fantasy Masterworks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Speculative_Fiction_Database" title="Internet Speculative Fiction Database">Internet Speculative Fiction Database</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fantasy_novels" class="mw-redirect" title="List of fantasy novels">List of novels</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fantasy_novels_(A%E2%80%93H)" title="List of fantasy novels (A–H)">A–H</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fantasy_novels_(I%E2%80%93R)" title="List of fantasy novels (I–R)">I–R</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fantasy_novels_(S%E2%80%93Z)" title="List of fantasy novels (S–Z)">S–Z</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fantasy_story_collections" title="List of fantasy story collections">List of story collections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_publishers" title="List of science fiction publishers">Publishers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_fiction_magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Fantasy fiction magazine">Magazines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Fantastic_(magazine)" title="Fantastic (magazine)">Fantastic</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fantastic_Adventures" title="Fantastic Adventures">Fantastic Adventures</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Locus_(magazine)" title="Locus (magazine)">Locus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Magazine_of_Fantasy_%26_Science_Fiction" title="The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction">The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Science_Fantasy_(magazine)" title="Science Fantasy (magazine)">Science Fantasy</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Unknown_(magazine)" title="Unknown (magazine)">Unknown</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Weird_Tales" title="Weird Tales">Weird Tales</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dungeons_%26_Dragons" title="Dungeons & Dragons">Dungeons & Dragons</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9erie" title="Féerie">Féeries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_podcast" title="Fantasy podcast">Podcasts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Awards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balrog_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Balrog Award">Balrog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Fantasy_Award" title="British Fantasy Award">British Fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crawford_Award" title="Crawford Award">Crawford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragon_Awards" title="Dragon Awards">Dragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandalf_Award" title="Gandalf Award">Gandalf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Gemmell_Awards_for_Fantasy" title="David Gemmell Awards for Fantasy">Gemmell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Award" title="Hugo Award">Hugo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Fantasy_Award" title="International Fantasy Award">International Fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Fantasy_Novel_Award" title="Japan Fantasy Novel Award">Japan Fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locus_Award" title="Locus Award">Locus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9li%C3%A8s_d%27Or" title="Méliès d'Or">Méliès d'Or</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mythopoeic_Awards" title="Mythopoeic Awards">Mythopoeic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebula_Award" title="Nebula Award">Nebula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saturn_Awards" title="Saturn Awards">Saturn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A4htifantasia_Award" title="Tähtifantasia Award">Tähtifantasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Fantasy_Award" title="World Fantasy Award">World Fantasy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_fandom" title="Fantasy fandom">Fandom</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fantastic_art" title="Fantastic art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fanspeak" title="Fanspeak">Fanspeak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filk_music" title="Filk music">Filk music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Potter_fandom" title="Harry Potter fandom"><i>Harry Potter</i> fandom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Inklings" class="mw-redirect" title="The Inklings">The Inklings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lovecraft_fandom" title="Lovecraft fandom">Lovecraft fandom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mythopoeic_Society" title="Mythopoeic Society">Mythopoeic Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien_fandom" title="Tolkien fandom">Tolkien fandom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_influence_on_fantasy" class="mw-redirect" title="Tolkien's influence on fantasy">Tolkien's influence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Works_inspired_by_J._R._R._Tolkien" class="mw-redirect" title="Works inspired by J. R. R. Tolkien">Works inspired by J. R. R. Tolkien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Fantasy_Convention" title="World Fantasy Convention">World Fantasy Convention</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_trope" title="Fantasy trope">Tropes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Legendary_creature" title="Legendary creature">Creatures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angel" title="Angel">Angels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demon" title="Demon">Demons</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Devil" title="Devil">Devils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghoul" title="Ghoul">Ghouls</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elemental" title="Elemental">Elementals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairy" title="Fairy">Faeries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Familiar" title="Familiar">Familiars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire-breathing_monster" title="Fire-breathing monster">Fire-breathing monsters</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chimera_(mythology)" title="Chimera (mythology)">Chimera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragon" title="Dragon">Dragons</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gargoyle_(monster)" title="Gargoyle (monster)">Gargoyles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imp" title="Imp">Imps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinn" title="Jinn">Jinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nymph" title="Nymph">Nymphs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shapeshifting" title="Shapeshifting">Shapeshifters</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Werecat" title="Werecat">Werecats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Werewolf" title="Werewolf">Werewolves</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skin-walker" title="Skin-walker">Skin-walkers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supernatural#Spirit" title="Supernatural">Spirits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talking_animals_in_fiction" title="Talking animals in fiction">Talking animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Undead" title="Undead">Undead</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Personifications_of_death" title="Personifications of death">Death</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost" title="Ghost">Ghosts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lich" title="Lich">Liches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mummy_(undead)" title="Mummy (undead)">Mummies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skeleton_(undead)" title="Skeleton (undead)">Skeletons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vampire" title="Vampire">Vampires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zombie" title="Zombie">Zombies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicorn" title="Unicorn">Unicorns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y%C5%8Dkai" title="Yōkai">Yōkai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_stock_characters" title="List of stock characters">Characters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barbarian" title="Barbarian">Barbarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caveman" title="Caveman">Caveman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damsel_in_distress" title="Damsel in distress">Damsel in distress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_lord" title="Dark lord">Dark lord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donor_(fairy_tale)" title="Donor (fairy tale)">Donor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragonslayer" title="Dragonslayer">Dragonslayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairy_godmother" title="Fairy godmother">Fairy godmother</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Heroes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magician_(fantasy)" title="Magician (fantasy)">Magicians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occult_detective_fiction" title="Occult detective fiction">Occult detective</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_and_fantasy_detectives" title="List of science fiction and fantasy detectives">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wild_man" title="Wild man">Wild man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witchcraft" title="Witchcraft">Witches</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Magic_in_fiction" title="Magic in fiction">Magic system</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hard_and_soft_magic_systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Hard and soft magic systems">Hard and soft</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Classical_element" title="Classical element">Elements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_magic" title="Black magic">Dark</a>/<a href="/wiki/Gray_magic" title="Gray magic">neutral</a>/<a href="/wiki/White_magic" title="White magic">light</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_magic" title="Ceremonial magic">Ceremonial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Love_magic" title="Love magic">Love</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_magic" title="Moon magic">Moon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_item" title="Magic item">Magic item</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grimoire" title="Grimoire">Grimoire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_ring" title="Magic ring">Magic ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_magical_weapons" title="List of magical weapons">Magical weapons</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Magic_sword" title="Magic sword">Magic sword</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runes" class="mw-redirect" title="Runes">Runes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wand" title="Wand">Wand</a></li></ul></li> <li>Schools <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alchemy" title="Alchemy">Alchemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demonology" title="Demonology">Demonology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divination" title="Divination">Divination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egregore" title="Egregore">Egregore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evocation" title="Evocation">Evocation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incantation" title="Incantation">Incantation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necromancy" title="Necromancy">Necromancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runic_magic" title="Runic magic">Runecraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamanism" title="Shamanism">Shamanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shapeshifting" title="Shapeshifting">Shapeshifting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thaumaturgy" title="Thaumaturgy">Thaumaturgy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theurgy" title="Theurgy">Theurgy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witchcraft" title="Witchcraft">Witchcraft</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_races" class="mw-redirect" title="Fantasy races">Fantasy races</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Centaur" title="Centaur">Centaurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwarf_(folklore)" title="Dwarf (folklore)">Dwarves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elf" title="Elf">Elves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ent" title="Ent">Treants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giant" title="Giant">Giants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnome" title="Gnome">Gnomes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goblin" title="Goblin">Goblins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gremlin" title="Gremlin">Gremlins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halfling" title="Halfling">Halflings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hobgoblin" title="Hobgoblin">Hobgoblins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kobold" title="Kobold">Kobolds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leprechaun" title="Leprechaun">Leprechauns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merfolk" title="Merfolk">Merfolk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mermaid" title="Mermaid">Mermaids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merman" title="Merman">Mermen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogre" title="Ogre">Ogres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oni" title="Oni">Oni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orc" title="Orc">Orcs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troll" title="Troll">Trolls</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_mythological_places" title="List of mythological places">Places and events</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quest" title="Quest">Quests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_world" title="Fantasy world">Worlds</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fantasy_worlds" title="List of fantasy worlds">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_map" class="mw-redirect" title="Fantasy map">Maps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lost_city_(fiction)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lost city (fiction)">Lost city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subterranean_fiction" title="Subterranean fiction">Hollow Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astral_plane" title="Astral plane">Astral plane</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dream_world_(plot_device)" title="Dream world (plot device)">Dreamworld</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castle" title="Castle">Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enchanted_forest" title="Enchanted forest">Enchanted forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thieves%27_guild" title="Thieves' guild">Thieves' guild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fictional_schools#Magic_schools" title="List of fictional schools">Magic school</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allegory" title="Allegory">Allegory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epic_poetry" title="Epic poetry">Epic poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fable" title="Fable">Fable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairy_tale" title="Fairy tale">Fairy tale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost_story" title="Ghost story">Ghost stories</a>‎</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_fiction" title="Gothic fiction">Gothic fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horror_fiction" title="Horror fiction">Horror fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_themes_in_speculative_fiction" title="LGBT themes in speculative fiction">LGBT themes in speculative fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mecha" title="Mecha">Mecha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myth" title="Myth">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction" title="Science fiction">Science fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supernatural_fiction" title="Supernatural fiction">Supernatural fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superhero_fiction" title="Superhero fiction">Superhero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokusatsu" title="Tokusatsu">Tokusatsu‎</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kaiju" title="Kaiju">Kaiju</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_legends_and_myths" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban legends and myths">Urban legend</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Outline"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/10px-Global_thinking.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/15px-Global_thinking.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/21px-Global_thinking.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_fantasy" title="Outline of fantasy">Outline</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Fantasy" title="Category:Fantasy">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Stock_characters" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Stock_characters" title="Template:Stock characters"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Stock_characters" title="Template talk:Stock characters"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Stock_characters" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Stock characters"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Stock_characters" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Stock_character" title="Stock character">Stock characters</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stock_characters" title="List of stock characters">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archetype" title="Archetype">Archetype</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="By_ethics_and_morality" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">By ethics and morality</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Heroes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.4em;font-weight:normal;">Classic hero</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_hero" title="Action hero">Action hero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christ_figure" title="Christ figure">Christ figure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Chosen_One_(trope)" title="The Chosen One (trope)">Chosen One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Everyman" title="Everyman">Everyman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_hero" title="Folk hero">Folk hero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knight-errant" title="Knight-errant">Knight-errant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legacy_hero" title="Legacy hero">Legacy hero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mythological_king" title="Mythological king">Mythological king</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paladin" title="Paladin">Paladin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superhero" title="Superhero">Superhero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youngest_son" title="Youngest son">Youngest son</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.4em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Antihero" title="Antihero">Antihero</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byronic_hero" title="Byronic hero">Byronic hero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man_alone" title="Man alone">Man alone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tragic_hero" title="Tragic hero">Tragic hero</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.4em;font-weight:normal;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyberhero" title="Cyberhero">Cyberhero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_soldier" title="Super soldier">Super soldier</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space_marine" title="Space marine">Space marine</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rogue_literature" title="Rogue literature">Rogues</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.4em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Lovable_rogue" title="Lovable rogue">Lovable rogue</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gentleman_detective" class="mw-redirect" title="Gentleman detective">Gentleman detective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_(hero)" title="Jack (hero)">Jack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trickster" title="Trickster">Trickster</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.4em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Tricky_slave" title="Tricky slave">Tricky slave</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zanni" title="Zanni">Zanni</a> (servants, clowns: <a href="/wiki/Harlequin" title="Harlequin">Harlequin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brighella" title="Brighella">Brighella</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scapino" title="Scapino">Scapino</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pulcinella" title="Pulcinella">Pulcinella</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pierrot" title="Pierrot">Pierrot</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.4em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Outlaw_(stock_character)" title="Outlaw (stock character)">Outlaw</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bad_boy_archetype" title="Bad boy archetype">Bad boy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gentleman_thief" title="Gentleman thief">Gentleman thief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirates_in_popular_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Pirates in popular culture">Pirate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_pirate" title="Air pirate">Air pirate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_pirate" title="Space pirate">Space pirate</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.4em;font-weight:normal;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Good_cop/bad_cop" class="mw-redirect" title="Good cop/bad cop">Good cop/bad cop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rake_(stock_character)" title="Rake (stock character)">Rake</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Villain" title="Villain">Villains</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.4em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Villain#Sympathetic_villain" title="Villain">Antivillains</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/False_hero" title="False hero">False hero</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.4em;font-weight:normal;">The <a href="/wiki/Mole_(espionage)" title="Mole (espionage)">mole</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Double_agent" title="Double agent">Double agent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evil_twin" title="Evil twin">Evil twin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism" title="Terrorism">Terrorist</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.4em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Social_Darwinist" class="mw-redirect" title="Social Darwinist">Social Darwinist</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dark_lord" title="Dark lord">Dark lord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mad_scientist" title="Mad scientist">Mad scientist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supervillain" title="Supervillain">Supervillain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.4em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Monster" title="Monster">Monsters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bug-eyed_monster" title="Bug-eyed monster">Bug-eyed monster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evil_clown" title="Evil clown">Evil clown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killer_toy" title="Killer toy">Killer toy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monster_girl" title="Monster girl">Monster girl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skeleton_(undead)" title="Skeleton (undead)">Skeleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slime_(monster)" title="Slime (monster)">Slime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_swamp_monsters" title="List of swamp monsters">Swamp monster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vampires_in_popular_culture" title="Vampires in popular culture">Vampires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zombie" title="Zombie">Zombie</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_zombies" title="Nazi zombies">Nazi zombies</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.4em;font-weight:normal;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alazon" title="Alazon">Alazon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archenemy" title="Archenemy">Archenemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_devil" title="Folk devil">Folk devil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igor_(character)" title="Igor (character)">Igor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masked_villain" title="Masked villain">Masked villain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miser" title="Miser">Miser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vecchio" title="Vecchio">Vecchio</a> (wealthy old men, <a href="/wiki/Pantalone" title="Pantalone">Pantalone</a> and <a href="/wiki/Il_Dottore" title="Il Dottore">Il Dottore</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Il_Capitano" title="Il Capitano">Il Capitano</a> (self styled captain, braggart)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="By_sex_and_gender" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">By sex and gender</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Feminine" class="mw-redirect" title="Feminine">Feminine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.0em;font-weight:normal;">Love interest</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bish%C5%8Djo" title="Bishōjo">Bishōjo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blonde_stereotype" title="Blonde stereotype">Blonde stereotype</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farmer%27s_daughter" title="Farmer's daughter">Farmer's daughter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girl_next_door" title="Girl next door">Girl next door</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hooker_with_a_heart_of_gold" title="Hooker with a heart of gold">Hooker with a heart of gold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ing%C3%A9nue" title="Ingénue">Ingénue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loosu_ponnu" title="Loosu ponnu">Loosu ponnu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magical_girlfriend" title="Magical girlfriend">Magical girlfriend</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catgirl" title="Catgirl">Catgirl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monster_girl" title="Monster girl">Monster girl</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manic_Pixie_Dream_Girl" title="Manic Pixie Dream Girl">Manic Pixie Dream Girl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vixen_(stock_character)" title="Vixen (stock character)">Vixen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.0em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hag" title="Hag">Hag</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cat_lady" title="Cat lady">Cat lady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crone" title="Crone">Crone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairy_godmother" title="Fairy godmother">Fairy godmother</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Ruffiana" title="La Ruffiana">La Ruffiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loathly_lady" title="Loathly lady">Loathly lady</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.0em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hawksian_woman" title="Hawksian woman">Hawksian woman</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dragon_Lady" title="Dragon Lady">Dragon Lady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Femme_fatale" title="Femme fatale">Femme fatale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsundere" title="Tsundere">Tsundere</a></li></ul> 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title="Columbina">Columbina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mammy_stereotype" title="Mammy stereotype">Mammy stereotype</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.0em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Geek_girl" title="Geek girl">Geek girl</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gamer_girl" class="mw-redirect" title="Gamer girl">Gamer girl</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.0em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Damsel_in_distress" title="Damsel in distress">Damsel in distress</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Final_girl" title="Final girl">Final girl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_and_dragon" title="Princess and dragon">Princess and dragon</a></li></ul> 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