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class="vector-toc-link" href="#19th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.3</span> <span>19th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-19th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.4</span> <span>20th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Critical_and_theoretical_responses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Critical_and_theoretical_responses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Critical and theoretical responses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Critical_and_theoretical_responses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Empowered_damsel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Empowered_damsel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Empowered damsel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Empowered_damsel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_video_games" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_video_games"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>In video games</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_video_games-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Male_version:_Knight_in_distress" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Male_version:_Knight_in_distress"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Male version: Knight in distress</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Male_version:_Knight_in_distress-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span 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Available in 24 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-24" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">24 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%AE%D8%B7%D8%B1_(%D8%A3%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A8_%D9%82%D8%B5%D8%B5%D9%8A)" title="الفتاة في خطر (أسلوب قصصي) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الفتاة في خطر (أسلوب قصصي)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimezell_en_enkrez" title="Dimezell en enkrez – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Dimezell en enkrez" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donzella_en_perill" title="Donzella en perill – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Donzella en perill" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verfolgte_Unschuld" title="Verfolgte Unschuld – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Verfolgte Unschuld" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damisela_en_apuros" title="Damisela en apuros – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Damisela en apuros" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savendulino" title="Savendulino – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Savendulino" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damatxo_arriskuan" title="Damatxo arriskuan – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Damatxo arriskuan" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%87_%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87" title="دوشیزه درمانده – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دوشیزه درمانده" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demoiselle_en_d%C3%A9tresse" title="Demoiselle en détresse – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Demoiselle en détresse" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonkfrou_yn_need" title="Jonkfrou yn need – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Jonkfrou yn need" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B3%A4%EA%B2%BD%EC%97%90_%EB%B9%A0%EC%A7%84_%EC%95%84%EA%B0%80%EC%94%A8" title="곤경에 빠진 아가씨 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="곤경에 빠진 아가씨" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dara_yang_ditindas" title="Dara yang ditindas – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Dara yang ditindas" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damigella_in_pericolo" title="Damigella in pericolo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Damigella in pericolo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damsel_in_distress" title="Damsel in distress – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Damsel in distress" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donzela_em_apuros" title="Donzela em apuros – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Donzela em apuros" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5" title="Дева в беде – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Дева в беде" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neito_pulassa" title="Neito pulassa – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Neito pulassa" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dam_i_n%C3%B6d" title="Dam i nöd – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Dam i nöd" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99" title="สาวน้อยเดือดร้อน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สาวน้อยเดือดร้อน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yard%C4%B1ma_ihtiyac%C4%B1_olan_kad%C4%B1n" title="Yardıma ihtiyacı olan kadın – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yardıma ihtiyacı olan kadın" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%B4%D1%96" title="Діва в біді – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Діва в біді" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thi%E1%BA%BFu_n%E1%BB%AF_g%E1%BA%B7p_n%E1%BA%A1n" title="Thiếu nữ gặp nạn – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thiếu nữ gặp nạn" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E9%9B%84%E6%95%91%E7%BE%8E" title="英雄救美 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="英雄救美" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" 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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Trope and stock character in storytelling</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Damsel_in_Distress_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Damsel in Distress (disambiguation)">Damsel in Distress (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dicksee-Chivalry-1885.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Dicksee-Chivalry-1885.jpg/220px-Dicksee-Chivalry-1885.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Dicksee-Chivalry-1885.jpg/330px-Dicksee-Chivalry-1885.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Dicksee-Chivalry-1885.jpg/440px-Dicksee-Chivalry-1885.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1524" data-file-height="2039" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Frank_Bernard_Dicksee" class="mw-redirect" title="Frank Bernard Dicksee">Frank Bernard Dicksee</a>'s 1885 painting <i>Chivalry</i></figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>damsel in distress</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Narrative_device" class="mw-redirect" title="Narrative device">narrative device</a> in which one or more men must rescue a woman who has been kidnapped or placed in other peril. The "damsel" is often portrayed as beautiful, popular and of high <a href="/wiki/Social_status" title="Social status">social status</a>; they are usually depicted as princesses in works with fantasy or <a href="/wiki/Fairy_tale" title="Fairy tale">fairy tale</a> settings. Kinship, love, lust or a combination of those motivate the male protagonist to initiate the narrative.<sup id="cite_ref-FemFreq1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FemFreq1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Critics have linked the helplessness of these women to societal views that women as a group need to be taken care of by men and treated nicely.<sup id="cite_ref-FemFreq1_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FemFreq1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Throughout the history of the <a href="/wiki/Trope_(literature)" title="Trope (literature)">trope</a>, the role of the woman as the victim in need of a male savior has remained constant, but her attackers have changed to suit the tastes and collective fears of the period: "<a href="/wiki/Monster" title="Monster">monsters</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mad_scientist" title="Mad scientist">mad scientists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nazism" title="Nazism">Nazis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hippie" title="Hippie">hippies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Outlaw_motorcycle_club" title="Outlaw motorcycle club">bikers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Extraterrestrial_life" title="Extraterrestrial life">aliens</a>..."<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Damsel_in_distress&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The word "damsel" derives from the French <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/demoiselle" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:demoiselle">demoiselle</a></i>, meaning "young lady", and the term "damsel in distress" in turn is a translation of the French <i>demoiselle en détresse</i>. It is an archaic term not used in modern English except for effect or in expressions such as this. It can be traced back to the <a href="/wiki/Knight-errant" title="Knight-errant">knight-errant</a> of Medieval songs and tales, who regarded protection of women as an essential part of the <a href="/wiki/Chivalry" title="Chivalry">chivalric code</a>, which includes a notion of <a href="/wiki/Honour" title="Honour">honour</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nobility" title="Nobility">nobility</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The English term "damsel in distress" itself first seems to have appeared in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Ames_(poet)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Ames (poet) (page does not exist)">Richard Ames</a>' 1692 poem "Sylvia’s Complaint of Her Sexes Unhappiness."<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Damsel_in_distress&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ancient_history">Ancient history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Damsel_in_distress&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Ancient history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rembrandt_Harmensz._van_Rijn_011.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Rembrandt_Harmensz._van_Rijn_011.jpg/220px-Rembrandt_Harmensz._van_Rijn_011.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="306" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Rembrandt_Harmensz._van_Rijn_011.jpg/330px-Rembrandt_Harmensz._van_Rijn_011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Rembrandt_Harmensz._van_Rijn_011.jpg/440px-Rembrandt_Harmensz._van_Rijn_011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1393" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Rembrandt" title="Rembrandt">Rembrandt</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Andromeda_(mythology)" title="Andromeda (mythology)">Andromeda</a> chained to the rock—a late-<a href="/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a> damsel in distress from Greek mythology</figcaption></figure> <p>The damsel in distress theme featured in the stories of the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">ancient Greeks</a>. <a href="/wiki/Greek_mythology" title="Greek mythology">Greek mythology</a>, while featuring a large retinue of competent <a href="/wiki/List_of_Greek_mythological_figures" title="List of Greek mythological figures">goddesses</a>, also contains helpless <a href="/wiki/Maiden" class="mw-redirect" title="Maiden">maidens</a> threatened with <a href="/wiki/Human_sacrifice" title="Human sacrifice">human sacrifice</a>. For example, <a href="/wiki/Andromeda_(mythology)" title="Andromeda (mythology)">Andromeda</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Cassiopeia_(Queen_of_Ethiopia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cassiopeia (Queen of Ethiopia)">mother</a> offended the <a href="/wiki/Nereids" title="Nereids">Nereids</a> and <a href="/wiki/Poseidon" title="Poseidon">Poseidon</a>, who sent a <a href="/wiki/Cetus_(mythology)" title="Cetus (mythology)">beast</a> to ravage the land. To appease him Andromeda's parents fastened her to a rock in the sea. The hero <a href="/wiki/Perseus" title="Perseus">Perseus</a> slew the beast, saving Andromeda.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911975_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911975-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Andromeda in her plight, chained naked to a rock, became a favorite theme of later painters. This theme of the <a href="/wiki/Princess_and_dragon" title="Princess and dragon">princess and dragon</a> is also pursued in the myth of <a href="/wiki/Saint_George_and_the_Dragon" title="Saint George and the Dragon">Saint George</a>. The homosexual variant is also present in the stories of <a href="/wiki/Cleostratus_(mythology)" title="Cleostratus (mythology)">Cleostratus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alcyoneus_(son_of_Diomos)" title="Alcyoneus (son of Diomos)">Alcyoneus</a>, youths who are to be sacrificed to man-eating serpentine monsters before they are saved by their love interests <a href="/wiki/Menestratus_(Thespiae)" title="Menestratus (Thespiae)">Menestratus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eurybarus" title="Eurybarus">Eurybarus</a> respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-classical_history">Post-classical history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Damsel_in_distress&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Post-classical history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>European <a href="/wiki/Fairy_tale" title="Fairy tale">fairy tales</a> frequently feature damsels in distress. Evil <a href="/wiki/Witches" class="mw-redirect" title="Witches">witches</a> trapped <a href="/wiki/Rapunzel" title="Rapunzel">Rapunzel</a> in a tower, cursed Snow White to die in <i><a href="/wiki/Snow_White" title="Snow White">Snow White</a></i>, and put the princess into a magical sleep in <i><a href="/wiki/Sleeping_Beauty" title="Sleeping Beauty">Sleeping Beauty</a></i>. In all of these, a valorous prince comes to the maiden's aid, saves her, and marries her (though Rapunzel is not directly saved by the prince, but instead saves him from <a href="/wiki/Blindness" class="mw-redirect" title="Blindness">blindness</a> after her exile)<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="(December 2020)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The damsel in distress was an archetypal character of medieval romances, where typically she was rescued from imprisonment in a tower of a castle by a <a href="/wiki/Knight-errant" title="Knight-errant">knight-errant</a>. <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Chaucer" title="Geoffrey Chaucer">Geoffrey Chaucer</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Clerk%27s_Tale" title="The Clerk's Tale">The Clerk's Tale</a></i> of the repeated trials and bizarre torments of patient <a href="/wiki/Griselda_(folklore)" title="Griselda (folklore)">Griselda</a> was drawn from <a href="/wiki/Petrarch" title="Petrarch">Petrarch</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Emprise_de_l%27Escu_vert_%C3%A0_la_Dame_Blanche" title="Emprise de l'Escu vert à la Dame Blanche">Emprise de l'Escu vert à la Dame Blanche</a> (founded 1399) was a <a href="/wiki/Order_of_chivalry" title="Order of chivalry">chivalric order</a> with the express purpose of protecting oppressed ladies.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Paolo_Uccello_050.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Paolo_Uccello_050.jpg/220px-Paolo_Uccello_050.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Paolo_Uccello_050.jpg/330px-Paolo_Uccello_050.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Paolo_Uccello_050.jpg/440px-Paolo_Uccello_050.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1498" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Paolo_Uccello" title="Paolo Uccello">Paolo Uccello</a>'s depiction of <a href="/wiki/Saint_George" title="Saint George">Saint George</a> and the dragon, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1470</span>, a classic image of a damsel in distress</figcaption></figure> <p>The theme also entered the official <a href="/wiki/Hagiography" title="Hagiography">hagiography</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a>—most famously in the story of <a href="/wiki/Saint_George" title="Saint George">Saint George</a> who saved a princess from being devoured by a <a href="/wiki/Dragon" title="Dragon">dragon</a>. A late addition to the official account of this Saint's life, not attested in the several first centuries when he was venerated, it is nowadays the main act for which Saint George is remembered.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Obscure outside Norway is <a href="/wiki/Hallvard_Vebj%C3%B8rnsson" title="Hallvard Vebjørnsson">Hallvard Vebjørnsson</a>, the Patron Saint of <a href="/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo">Oslo</a>, recognised as a martyr after being killed while valiantly trying to defend a woman—most likely a <a href="/wiki/Slavery" title="Slavery">slave</a>—from three men accusing her of theft. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_history">Modern history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Damsel_in_distress&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Modern history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="17th_century">17th century</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Damsel_in_distress&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 17th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 17th century English <a href="/wiki/Ballad" title="Ballad">ballad</a> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Spanish_Lady" class="mw-redirect" title="The Spanish Lady">The Spanish Lady</a></i> (one of several English and Irish songs with that name), a Spanish lady captured by an English captain falls in love with her captor and begs him not to set her free but to take her with him to England, and in this appeal describes herself as "A lady in distress".<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="18th_century">18th century</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Damsel_in_distress&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 18th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> The damsel in distress makes her debut in the modern novel as the title character of <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Richardson" title="Samuel Richardson">Samuel Richardson</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Clarissa;_or,_The_History_of_a_Young_Lady" title="Clarissa; or, The History of a Young Lady">Clarissa</a></i> (1748), where she is menaced by the wicked <a href="/wiki/Seducer" class="mw-redirect" title="Seducer">seducer</a> Lovelace. The phrase "damsel in distress" is found in Richardson's <i><a href="/wiki/The_History_of_Sir_Charles_Grandison" title="The History of Sir Charles Grandison">The History of Sir Charles Grandison</a></i> (1753):<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>And he is sometimes a mighty Prince ... and I am a damsel in distress</p></blockquote> <p>Reprising her medieval role, the damsel in distress is a staple character of <a href="/wiki/Gothic_literature" class="mw-redirect" title="Gothic literature">Gothic literature</a>, where she is typically incarcerated in a castle or monastery and menaced by a <a href="/wiki/Sadomasochism" title="Sadomasochism">sadistic</a> nobleman, or members of the religious orders. Early examples in this genre include Matilda in <a href="/wiki/Horace_Walpole" title="Horace Walpole">Horace Walpole</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Castle_of_Otranto" title="The Castle of Otranto">The Castle of Otranto</a></i>, Emily in <a href="/wiki/Ann_Radcliffe" title="Ann Radcliffe">Ann Radcliffe</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Mysteries_of_Udolpho" title="The Mysteries of Udolpho">The Mysteries of Udolpho</a></i>, and Antonia in <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Lewis_(writer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Matthew Lewis (writer)">Matthew Lewis</a>' <i><a href="/wiki/The_Monk" title="The Monk">The Monk</a></i>. </p><p>The perils faced by this Gothic heroine were taken to an extreme by the <a href="/wiki/Marquis_de_Sade" title="Marquis de Sade">Marquis de Sade</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Misfortunes_of_Virtue" class="mw-redirect" title="The Misfortunes of Virtue">Justine</a></i>, who exposed the <a href="/wiki/Erotic" class="mw-redirect" title="Erotic">erotic</a> <a href="/wiki/Subtext" title="Subtext">subtext</a> which lay beneath the damsel-in-distress scenario. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Knight_Errant_b_John_Everett_Millais_1870.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/The_Knight_Errant_b_John_Everett_Millais_1870.jpg/220px-The_Knight_Errant_b_John_Everett_Millais_1870.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="296" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/The_Knight_Errant_b_John_Everett_Millais_1870.jpg/330px-The_Knight_Errant_b_John_Everett_Millais_1870.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/The_Knight_Errant_b_John_Everett_Millais_1870.jpg/440px-The_Knight_Errant_b_John_Everett_Millais_1870.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="1078" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/John_Everett_Millais" title="John Everett Millais">John Everett Millais</a>' <i>The Knight Errant</i> of 1870 saves a damsel in distress and underlines the erotic subtext of the genre.</figcaption></figure> <p>One exploration of the theme of the persecuted maiden is the fate of Gretchen in <a href="/wiki/Goethe%27s_Faust" title="Goethe's Faust">Goethe's <i>Faust</i></a>. According to the philosopher <a href="/wiki/Schopenhauer" class="mw-redirect" title="Schopenhauer">Schopenhauer</a>: </p> <blockquote><p>"The great Goethe has given us a distinct and visible description of this denial of the will, brought about by great misfortune and by the despair of all deliverance, in his immortal masterpiece Faust, in the story of the sufferings of Gretchen. I know of no other description in poetry. It is a perfect specimen of the second path, which leads to the denial of the will not, like the first, through the mere knowledge of the suffering of the whole world which one acquires voluntarily, but through the excessive pain felt in one's own person. It is true that many tragedies bring their violently willing heroes ultimately to this point of complete resignation, and then the will-to-live and its phenomenon usually end at the same time. But no description known to me brings to us the essential point of that conversion so distinctly and so free from everything extraneous as the one mentioned in Faust" (<i><a href="/wiki/The_World_as_Will_and_Representation" title="The World as Will and Representation">The World as Will and Representation</a></i>, Vol. I, §68)</p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="19th_century">19th century</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Damsel_in_distress&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 19th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The misadventures of the damsel in distress of the Gothic novel continued in a somewhat <a href="/wiki/Caricature" title="Caricature">caricatured</a> form in <a href="/wiki/Victorian_era" title="Victorian era">Victorian</a> <a href="/wiki/Melodrama" title="Melodrama">melodrama</a>. According to Michael Booth in his classic study <i>English Melodrama</i>, the Victorian stage melodrama featured a limited number of stock characters: the hero, the villain, the heroine, an old man, an old woman, a comic man and a comic woman engaged in a <a href="/wiki/Sensationalism" title="Sensationalism">sensational</a> plot featuring themes of love and murder. Often the good but not very clever hero is duped by a scheming villain, who has eyes on the damsel in distress until <a href="/wiki/Fate" class="mw-redirect" title="Fate">fate</a> intervenes to ensure the triumph of good over evil.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Such melodrama influenced the fledgling <a href="/wiki/Film_industry" title="Film industry">film industry</a> and led to damsels in distress being the subject of many early <a href="/wiki/Silent_films" class="mw-redirect" title="Silent films">silent films</a>, especially those that were made as multi-episode <a href="/wiki/Serial_film" title="Serial film">serials</a>. Early examples include <i><a href="/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Kathlyn" title="The Adventures of Kathlyn">The Adventures of Kathlyn</a></i> in 1913 and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hazards_of_Helen" title="The Hazards of Helen">The Hazards of Helen</a></i>, which ran from 1914 to 1917. The silent film heroines frequently faced new perils provided by the <a href="/wiki/Industrial_Revolution" title="Industrial Revolution">Industrial Revolution</a> and catering to the new medium's need for visual spectacle. Here we find the heroine tied to a <a href="/wiki/Railway_track" title="Railway track">railway track</a>, burning buildings, and <a href="/wiki/Explosions" class="mw-redirect" title="Explosions">explosions</a>. <a href="/wiki/Sawmills" class="mw-redirect" title="Sawmills">Sawmills</a> were another stereotypical danger of the Industrial age, as recorded in a popular song from a later era: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>... A bad <a href="/wiki/Gunslinger" class="mw-redirect" title="Gunslinger">gunslinger</a> called Salty Sam was chasin' poor Sweet Sue<br /> </p><p>He trapped her in the old sawmill and said with an evil laugh,<br /> If you don't give me the deed to your ranch<br /> I'll saw you all in half!<br /> And then he grabbed her (and then)<br /> He tied her up (and then)<br /> </p><p> He turned on the bandsaw (and then, and then...!) ...</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><i><a href="/wiki/Along_Came_Jones_(song)" title="Along Came Jones (song)">Along Came Jones</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/The_Coasters" title="The Coasters">The Coasters</a></cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="20th_century">20th century</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Damsel_in_distress&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: 20th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Perilsofnyoka.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c4/Perilsofnyoka.JPG/220px-Perilsofnyoka.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="342" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/c/c4/Perilsofnyoka.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="240" data-file-height="373" /></a><figcaption>Jungle girl Nyoka, played by <a href="/wiki/Kay_Aldridge" title="Kay Aldridge">Kay Aldridge</a>, frequently found herself in distress in <i><a href="/wiki/Perils_of_Nyoka" title="Perils of Nyoka">Perils of Nyoka</a>.</i></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Barney_Oldfield%27s_Race_for_a_Life.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Barney_Oldfield%27s_Race_for_a_Life.jpg/220px-Barney_Oldfield%27s_Race_for_a_Life.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Barney_Oldfield%27s_Race_for_a_Life.jpg/330px-Barney_Oldfield%27s_Race_for_a_Life.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Barney_Oldfield%27s_Race_for_a_Life.jpg/440px-Barney_Oldfield%27s_Race_for_a_Life.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="387" /></a><figcaption><i>Barney Oldfield's A Race for a Life</i> [1913] with left to right:Hank Mann; Ford Serling; At St John and in foreground Mabel Normand</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Captain_Future_1940_Summer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Captain_Future_1940_Summer.jpg/220px-Captain_Future_1940_Summer.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="321" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Captain_Future_1940_Summer.jpg/330px-Captain_Future_1940_Summer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/83/Captain_Future_1940_Summer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="416" data-file-height="607" /></a><figcaption>Pulp Science Fiction hero <a href="/wiki/Captain_Future" title="Captain Future">Captain Future</a> in the act of saving a Damsel in distress (cover art by <a href="/wiki/Earle_K._Bergey" title="Earle K. Bergey">Earle K. Bergey</a>)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gloria_Swanson_in_Teddy_at_the_Throttle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Gloria_Swanson_in_Teddy_at_the_Throttle.jpg/220px-Gloria_Swanson_in_Teddy_at_the_Throttle.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Gloria_Swanson_in_Teddy_at_the_Throttle.jpg/330px-Gloria_Swanson_in_Teddy_at_the_Throttle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Gloria_Swanson_in_Teddy_at_the_Throttle.jpg/440px-Gloria_Swanson_in_Teddy_at_the_Throttle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="711" /></a><figcaption>Gloria Swanson in <i>Teddy at the Throttle</i> (1917)</figcaption></figure> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a>, the imagery of a Damsel in Distress was extensively used in <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_I" title="Allies of World War I">Allied</a> propaganda (see illustrations). Particularly, the Imperial German conquest and occupation of Belgium was commonly referred to as <a href="/wiki/The_Rape_of_Belgium" class="mw-redirect" title="The Rape of Belgium">The Rape of Belgium</a> - effectively transforming Allied soldiers into knights bent on saving that rape victim. This was expressed explicitly in the lyrics of <i><a href="/wiki/Keep_the_Home_Fires_Burning_(1914_song)" class="mw-redirect" title="Keep the Home Fires Burning (1914 song)">Keep the Home Fires Burning</a></i> mentioning the "boys" as having gone to help a "Nation in Distress". </p><p>A form of entertainment in which the damsel-in-distress emerged as a stereotype at this time was <a href="/wiki/Stage_magic" class="mw-redirect" title="Stage magic">stage magic</a>. Restraining attractive female assistants and imperiling them with blades and spikes became a staple of 20th century magicians' acts. Noted illusion designer and historian <a href="/wiki/Jim_Steinmeyer" title="Jim Steinmeyer">Jim Steinmeyer</a> identifies the beginning of this phenomenon as coinciding with the introduction of the "<a href="/wiki/Sawing_a_woman_in_half" title="Sawing a woman in half">sawing a woman in half</a>" illusion. In 1921 magician <a href="/wiki/P._T._Selbit" title="P. T. Selbit">P. T. Selbit</a> became the first to present such an act to the public. Steinmeyer observes that: "Before Selbit's illusion, it was not a cliche that pretty ladies were teased and tortured by magicians. Since the days of <a href="/wiki/Jean_Eug%C3%A8ne_Robert-Houdin" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean Eugène Robert-Houdin">Robert-Houdin</a>, both men and women were used as the subjects for magic illusions". However, changes in fashion and great social upheavals during the first decades of the 20th century made Selbit's choice of "victim" both practical and popular. The trauma of war had helped to desensitise the public to violence and the emancipation of women had changed attitudes to them. Audiences were tiring of older, more genteel forms of magic. It took something shocking, such as the horrific productions of the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Guignol" title="Grand Guignol">Grand Guignol</a> theatre, to cause a sensation in this age. Steinmeyer concludes that: "beyond practical concerns, the image of the woman in peril became a specific fashion in entertainment".<sup id="cite_ref-hiding_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hiding-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The damsel-in-distress continued as a mainstay of the comics, film, and television industries throughout the 20th century. Imperiled heroines in need of rescue were a frequent occurrence in black-and-white <a href="/wiki/Film_serial" class="mw-redirect" title="Film serial">film serials</a> made by studios such as <a href="/wiki/Columbia_Pictures" title="Columbia Pictures">Columbia Pictures</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mascot_Pictures" title="Mascot Pictures">Mascot Pictures</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republic_Pictures" title="Republic Pictures">Republic Pictures</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Universal_Pictures" title="Universal Pictures">Universal Studios</a> in the 1930s, 1940s and early 1950s. These serials sometimes drew inspiration for their characters and plots from adventure novels and comic books. Notable examples include the character <a href="/wiki/Nyoka_the_Jungle_Girl" title="Nyoka the Jungle Girl">Nyoka the Jungle Girl</a>, whom <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Rice_Burroughs" title="Edgar Rice Burroughs">Edgar Rice Burroughs</a> created for comic books and who was later adapted into a serial heroine in the Republic productions <i><a href="/wiki/Jungle_Girl_(serial)" title="Jungle Girl (serial)">Jungle Girl</a></i> (1941) and its sequel <i><a href="/wiki/Perils_of_Nyoka" title="Perils of Nyoka">Perils of Nyoka</a></i> (1942).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="Citation needed for Nyoka as fitting the "damsel in distress" trope, given that she at least arguably seems to better fit the "empowered damsel" trope; for instance the comic book cover that currently illustrates the infobox at the start of her article shows her armed with a spear and seemingly bravely confronting a charging lioness. (September 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Additional classic damsels in that mold were <a href="/wiki/Jane_Porter_(Tarzan)" title="Jane Porter (Tarzan)">Jane Porter</a>, in both the novel and movie versions of <i><a href="/wiki/Tarzan" title="Tarzan">Tarzan</a></i>, and Ann Darrow, as played by <a href="/wiki/Fay_Wray" title="Fay Wray">Fay Wray</a> in the movie <i><a href="/wiki/King_Kong_(1933_film)" title="King Kong (1933 film)">King Kong</a></i> (1933), in one of the most iconic instances. The notorious hoax documentary <i><a href="/wiki/Ingagi" title="Ingagi">Ingagi</a></i> (1930) also featured this idea, and Wray's role was repeated by <a href="/wiki/Jessica_Lange" title="Jessica Lange">Jessica Lange</a> and <a href="/wiki/Naomi_Watts" title="Naomi Watts">Naomi Watts</a> in remakes. As journalist Andrew Erish has noted: "Gorillas plus sexy women in peril equals enormous profits".<sup id="cite_ref-Erish_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Erish-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Small screen iconic portrayals, this time in children's cartoons, are <a href="/wiki/Underdog_(TV_series)" title="Underdog (TV series)">Underdog</a>'s girlfriend, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Underdog_characters#Sweet_Polly_Purebred" title="List of Underdog characters">Sweet Polly Purebred</a> and Nell Fenwick, who is often rescued by inept Mountie <a href="/wiki/Dudley_Do-Right" title="Dudley Do-Right">Dudley Do-Right</a>. On the original <i><a href="/wiki/Teenage_Mutant_Ninja_Turtles_(1987_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (1987 series)">Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles</a></i> TV series, the television newswoman <a href="/wiki/April_O%27Neil" title="April O'Neil">April O'Neil</a> was repeatedly held captive by the evil <a href="/wiki/Shredder_(Teenage_Mutant_Ninja_Turtles)" title="Shredder (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)">Shredder</a> and often needed to be rescued by the titular turtles. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/James_Bond" title="James Bond">James Bond</a> novels of <a href="/wiki/Ian_Fleming" title="Ian Fleming">Ian Fleming</a>, originally published in the 1950s and 1960s, would sometimes feature the "<a href="/wiki/Bond_girl" title="Bond girl">Bond girl</a>" tied up by a villain and needing to be rescued by Bond, and this theme continued into a number of the films, produced from the early 1960s onward, including <i><a href="/wiki/Dr._No_(film)" title="Dr. No (film)">Dr. No</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Spy_Who_Loved_Me_(film)" title="The Spy Who Loved Me (film)">The Spy Who Loved Me</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Octopussy" title="Octopussy">Octopussy</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Spectre_(2015_film)" title="Spectre (2015 film)">Spectre</a></i>, all of which show Bond rescuing the female lead, who has been tied up. In some films, Bond and a female character are tied up together (for example, in <i><a href="/wiki/Live_and_Let_Die_(film)" title="Live and Let Die (film)">Live and Let Die</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Moonraker_(film)" title="Moonraker (film)">Moonraker</a></i>). In other films, Bond is shown tied up and in peril (examples include <i><a href="/wiki/Goldfinger_(film)" title="Goldfinger (film)">Goldfinger</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/You_Only_Live_Twice_(film)" title="You Only Live Twice (film)">You Only Live Twice</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_World_Is_Not_Enough" title="The World Is Not Enough">The World Is Not Enough</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Casino_Royale_(2006_film)" title="Casino Royale (2006 film)">Casino Royale</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Skyfall" title="Skyfall">Skyfall</a></i>) and in some cases is rescued by the female lead (such as in <i><a href="/wiki/Licence_to_Kill" title="Licence to Kill">Licence to Kill</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Spectre_(2015_film)" title="Spectre (2015 film)">Spectre</a></i>). </p><p>The protagonists of the <a href="/wiki/Disney_Princess" title="Disney Princess">Disney Princess</a> franchise are often depicted as damsels in distress, with the leads of <i><a href="/wiki/Snow_White_and_the_Seven_Dwarfs_(1937_film)" title="Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937 film)">Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Sleeping_Beauty_(1959_film)" title="Sleeping Beauty (1959 film)">Sleeping Beauty</a></i> requiring rescue by Prince love interest from a witch's evil plan. Scholars have noted the emphasis on youth and femininity in these narratives: with the damsel princess being depicted as youthful and <a href="/wiki/Feminine_beauty_ideal" title="Feminine beauty ideal">hyperfeminine</a>, while their witch captors are older "evil <a href="/wiki/Femme_fatale" title="Femme fatale">femme fatales</a> or ugly hags" embodying masculine traits.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Frequently cited examples of a damsel in distress in comics include <a href="/wiki/Lois_Lane" title="Lois Lane">Lois Lane</a>, who was eternally getting into trouble and needing to be rescued by <a href="/wiki/Superman" title="Superman">Superman</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Olive_Oyl" title="Olive Oyl">Olive Oyl</a>, who was in a near-constant state of kidnap, requiring her to be saved by <a href="/wiki/Popeye" title="Popeye">Popeye</a>. </p><p>Coined by <a href="/wiki/Gail_Simone" title="Gail Simone">Gail Simone</a> in 1999, "<a href="/wiki/Women_in_refrigerators" title="Women in refrigerators">women in refrigerators</a>" is a <a href="/wiki/Trope_(literature)" title="Trope (literature)">literary trope</a> where female characters are injured, sexually assaulted, killed, or depowered (an event colloquially known as <b>fridging</b>), sometimes to stimulate "protective" traits, and often as a <a href="/wiki/Plot_device" title="Plot device">plot device</a> intended to move a male character's story arc forward.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The phrase is used to analyze why such plot devices are used disproportionately on female characters.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It refers to an incident in <i><a href="/wiki/Green_Lantern" title="Green Lantern">Green Lantern</a></i> vol. 3 #54 (1994), written by <a href="/wiki/Ron_Marz" title="Ron Marz">Ron Marz</a>, in which <a href="/wiki/Kyle_Rayner" title="Kyle Rayner">Kyle Rayner</a>, the title hero, comes home to his apartment to find that the villain <a href="/wiki/Major_Force" title="Major Force">Major Force</a> had killed his girlfriend, <a href="/wiki/Alexandra_DeWitt" title="Alexandra DeWitt">Alexandra DeWitt</a>, and stuffed her in a refrigerator.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Yahoo_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yahoo-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Simone and a number of collaborators created the website <a href="/wiki/Women_in_Refrigerators" class="mw-redirect" title="Women in Refrigerators">Women in Refrigerators</a> which hosts a list of works which they believe express the trope.<sup id="cite_ref-Yahoo_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yahoo-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Critical_and_theoretical_responses">Critical and theoretical responses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Damsel_in_distress&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Critical and theoretical responses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Perilsofpauline.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Perilsofpauline.jpg/220px-Perilsofpauline.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="333" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Perilsofpauline.jpg/330px-Perilsofpauline.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Perilsofpauline.jpg/440px-Perilsofpauline.jpg 2x" data-file-width="580" data-file-height="877" /></a><figcaption>A poster for <i><a href="/wiki/The_Perils_of_Pauline_(1914_serial)" title="The Perils of Pauline (1914 serial)">The Perils of Pauline</a></i> (1914)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:French_caricature_on_the_Romanian-German_Peace_Treaty.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/French_caricature_on_the_Romanian-German_Peace_Treaty.jpg/220px-French_caricature_on_the_Romanian-German_Peace_Treaty.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="284" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/French_caricature_on_the_Romanian-German_Peace_Treaty.jpg/330px-French_caricature_on_the_Romanian-German_Peace_Treaty.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/French_caricature_on_the_Romanian-German_Peace_Treaty.jpg/440px-French_caricature_on_the_Romanian-German_Peace_Treaty.jpg 2x" data-file-width="581" data-file-height="750" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a> as a helpless "damsel in distress" threatened by the brutal <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Germany">Imperial Germany</a>, in a French World War I caricature</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Harry_R._Hopps,_Destroy_this_mad_brute_Enlist_-_U.S._Army,_03216u_edit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Harry_R._Hopps%2C_Destroy_this_mad_brute_Enlist_-_U.S._Army%2C_03216u_edit.jpg/220px-Harry_R._Hopps%2C_Destroy_this_mad_brute_Enlist_-_U.S._Army%2C_03216u_edit.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="322" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Harry_R._Hopps%2C_Destroy_this_mad_brute_Enlist_-_U.S._Army%2C_03216u_edit.jpg/330px-Harry_R._Hopps%2C_Destroy_this_mad_brute_Enlist_-_U.S._Army%2C_03216u_edit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Harry_R._Hopps%2C_Destroy_this_mad_brute_Enlist_-_U.S._Army%2C_03216u_edit.jpg/440px-Harry_R._Hopps%2C_Destroy_this_mad_brute_Enlist_-_U.S._Army%2C_03216u_edit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8525" data-file-height="12483" /></a><figcaption>A U.S. World War I poster (<a href="/wiki/Harry_Ryle_Hopps" title="Harry Ryle Hopps">Harry R. Hopps</a>; 1917) invites prospective recruits to symbolically save a "damsel in distress" from the monstrous Germans.</figcaption></figure> <p>Damsels in distress have been cited as an example of differential treatment of genders in literature, film, and works of art. Feminist criticism of art, <a href="/wiki/Feminist_film_theory" title="Feminist film theory">film</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Feminist_literary_criticism" title="Feminist literary criticism">literature</a> has often examined gender-oriented characterisation and plot, including the common "damsel in distress" trope, as perpetrating regressive and patronizing myths about women.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many modern writers and directors, such as <a href="/wiki/Anita_Sarkeesian" title="Anita Sarkeesian">Anita Sarkeesian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Angela_Carter" title="Angela Carter">Angela Carter</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jane_Yolen" title="Jane Yolen">Jane Yolen</a>, have revisited classic <a href="/wiki/Fairy_tale" title="Fairy tale">fairy tales</a> and "damsel in distress" stories or collected and anthologised stories and <a href="/wiki/Folklore" title="Folklore">folk tales</a> that break<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (January 2017)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> the "damsel in distress" pattern.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Empowered_damsel">Empowered damsel</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Damsel_in_distress&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Empowered damsel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Films featuring an empowered damsel date to the early days of <a href="/wiki/Filmmaking" title="Filmmaking">filmmaking</a>. One of the films most often associated with the stereotypical damsel in distress, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Perils_of_Pauline_(1914_serial)" title="The Perils of Pauline (1914 serial)">The Perils of Pauline</a></i> (1914), also provides at least a partial counterexample, in that Pauline, played by <a href="/wiki/Pearl_White" title="Pearl White">Pearl White</a>, is a strong character who decides against early marriage in favour of seeking adventure and becoming an author. Despite common belief, the film does not feature scenes with Pauline tied to a railroad track and threatened by a buzzsaw, although such scenes were incorporated into later re-creations and were also featured in other films made in the period around 1914. Academic Ben Singer has contested the idea that these "serial-queen melodramas" were male fantasies and has observed that they were marketed heavily at women.<sup id="cite_ref-singer_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-singer-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first motion picture serial made in the United States, <i><a href="/wiki/What_Happened_to_Mary%3F" class="mw-redirect" title="What Happened to Mary?">What Happened to Mary?</a></i> (1912), was released to coincide with a serial story of the same name published in McClure's <i>Ladies' World</i> magazine. </p><p>Empowered damsels were a feature of the serials made in the 1930s and 1940s by studios such as <a href="/wiki/Republic_Pictures" title="Republic Pictures">Republic Pictures</a>. The "<a href="/wiki/Cliffhanger" title="Cliffhanger">cliffhanger</a>" scenes at the end of episodes provide many examples of female heroines bound and helpless and facing fiendish death traps. But those heroines, played by actresses such as <a href="/wiki/Linda_Stirling" title="Linda Stirling">Linda Stirling</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kay_Aldridge" title="Kay Aldridge">Kay Aldridge</a>, were often strong, assertive women who ultimately played an active part in vanquishing the villains.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/C._L._Moore" title="C. L. Moore">C. L. Moore</a>'s short story "<a href="/wiki/Shambleau" title="Shambleau">Shambleau</a>" (1933) – generally acknowledged as epoch-making in the history of <a href="/wiki/Science_fiction" title="Science fiction">science fiction</a> – begins in what seems a classical damsel in distress situation: the protagonist, space adventurer <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Smith" title="Northwest Smith">Northwest Smith</a>, sees a "sweetly-made girl" pursued by a lynch mob intent on killing her and intervenes to save her, but finds her not a girl nor a human being at all, but a disguised alien creature, predatory and highly dangerous. Soon, Smith himself needs rescuing and barely escapes with his life. </p><p>These themes have received successive updates in modern-era characters, ranging from 'spy girls' of the 1960s to current film and television heroines. In her book <i>The Devil with James Bond</i> (1967) Ann Boyd compared <a href="/wiki/James_Bond" title="James Bond">James Bond</a> with an updating of the legend of <a href="/wiki/Saint_George" title="Saint George">Saint George</a> and the "<a href="/wiki/Princess_and_dragon" title="Princess and dragon">princess and dragon</a>" genre, particularly with <a href="/wiki/Julius_No" title="Julius No">Dr. No's</a> dragon tank. The damsel in distress theme is also very prominent in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Spy_Who_Loved_Me_(novel)" title="The Spy Who Loved Me (novel)">The Spy Who Loved Me</a></i>, where the story is told in the <a href="/wiki/First_person_narrative" class="mw-redirect" title="First person narrative">first person</a> by the young woman Vivienne Michel, who is threatened with imminent rape by thugs when Bond kills them and claims her as his reward. </p><p>The female spy <a href="/wiki/Emma_Peel" title="Emma Peel">Emma Peel</a> in the 1960s television series <i><a href="/wiki/The_Avengers_(TV_series)" title="The Avengers (TV series)">The Avengers</a></i> was often seen in "damsel in distress" situations. The character and her reactions, portrayed by actress <a href="/wiki/Diana_Rigg" title="Diana Rigg">Diana Rigg</a>, differentiated these scenes from other film and television scenarios where women were similarly imperiled as pure victims or pawns in the plot. A scene with Emma Peel bound and threatened with a <a href="/wiki/Death_ray" title="Death ray">death ray</a> in the episode <i>From Venus with Love</i> is a direct parallel to James Bond's confrontation with a laser in the film <i><a href="/wiki/Goldfinger_(film)" title="Goldfinger (film)">Goldfinger</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-fromvenus_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fromvenus-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both are examples of the classic hero's ordeal as described by Campbell and Vogler. The serial heroines and Emma Peel are cited as providing inspiration for the creators of strong heroines in more recent times, ranging from Joan Wilder in <i><a href="/wiki/Romancing_the_Stone" title="Romancing the Stone">Romancing the Stone</a></i> and <a href="/wiki/Princess_Leia" title="Princess Leia">Princess Leia</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_(film)" title="Star Wars (film)">Star Wars</a></i> to "post feminist" icons such as <a href="/wiki/Buffy_Summers" title="Buffy Summers">Buffy Summers</a> from <i><a href="/wiki/Buffy_the_Vampire_Slayer_(TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Buffy the Vampire Slayer (TV series)">Buffy the Vampire Slayer</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Xena" title="Xena">Xena</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gabrielle_(Xena:_Warrior_Princess)" title="Gabrielle (Xena: Warrior Princess)">Gabrielle</a> from <i><a href="/wiki/Xena:_Warrior_Princess" title="Xena: Warrior Princess">Xena: Warrior Princess</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Bristow" title="Sydney Bristow">Sydney Bristow</a> from <i><a href="/wiki/Alias_(TV_series)" title="Alias (TV series)">Alias</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Natasha_Romanoff_(Marvel_Cinematic_Universe)" title="Natasha Romanoff (Marvel Cinematic Universe)">Natasha Romanoff</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Marvel_Cinematic_Universe" title="Marvel Cinematic Universe">Marvel Cinematic Universe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kim_Possible_(character)" title="Kim Possible (character)">Kim Possible</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Kim_Possible" title="Kim Possible">series of the same name</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Connor_(Terminator)" title="Sarah Connor (Terminator)">Sarah Connor</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Terminator_(franchise)" title="Terminator (franchise)"><i>Terminator</i> franchise</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Veronica_Mars_(character)" title="Veronica Mars (character)">Veronica Mars</a>, also from the <a href="/wiki/Veronica_Mars" title="Veronica Mars">series of the same name</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Reflecting these changes, <a href="/wiki/Daphne_Blake" title="Daphne Blake">Daphne Blake</a> of the <i><a href="/wiki/Scooby-Doo" title="Scooby-Doo">Scooby-Doo</a></i> cartoon series (who throughout the series is captured dozens of times, falls through trap doors, etc.) is portrayed in the <a href="/wiki/Scooby-Doo_(film)" title="Scooby-Doo (film)"><i>Scooby-Doo</i> film</a> as a wisecracking feminist heroine (quote: "I've had it with this damsel in distress thing!"). The film <i><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_(2009_film)" title="Sherlock Holmes (2009 film)">Sherlock Holmes</a></i> (2009) includes a classical damsel in distress episode, where <a href="/wiki/Irene_Adler" title="Irene Adler">Irene Adler</a> (played by <a href="/wiki/Rachel_McAdams" title="Rachel McAdams">Rachel McAdams</a>) is helplessly bound to a conveyor belt in an industrial slaughterhouse, and is saved from being sawn in half by a chainsaw; yet in other episodes of the same film Adler is strong and assertive – for example, overcoming with contemptuous ease two thugs who sought to rob her (and robbing them instead). In the film's climax, it is Adler who saves the day, dismantling at the last moment a device set to poison the entire membership of Parliament. </p><p>In the final scene of the <a href="/wiki/Walt_Disney_Pictures" title="Walt Disney Pictures">Walt Disney Pictures</a> film <i><a href="/wiki/Enchanted_(film)" title="Enchanted (film)">Enchanted</a></i> (2007) the traditional roles are reversed when male protagonist Robert Philip (<a href="/wiki/Patrick_Dempsey" title="Patrick Dempsey">Patrick Dempsey</a>) is captured by Queen Narissa (<a href="/wiki/Susan_Sarandon" title="Susan Sarandon">Susan Sarandon</a>) in her dragon form. In a <i><a href="/wiki/King_Kong" title="King Kong">King Kong</a></i>-like fashion, she carries him to the top of a New York skyscraper, until Robert's beloved Giselle climbs it, sword in hand, to save him. </p><p>A similar role reversal is evident in <a href="/wiki/Stieg_Larsson" title="Stieg Larsson">Stieg Larsson</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Girl_with_the_Dragon_Tattoo" title="The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo">The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo</a></i>, in whose climactic scene the male protagonist is captured by a <a href="/wiki/Serial_killer" title="Serial killer">serial killer</a>, locked in an underground torture room, chained, stripped naked, and humiliated when his female partner enters to save him and destroy the villain. Still another example is <i><a href="/wiki/Foxglove_Summer" title="Foxglove Summer">Foxglove Summer</a></i>, part of <a href="/wiki/Ben_Aaronovitch" title="Ben Aaronovitch">Ben Aaronovitch</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Rivers_of_London_(novel)" title="Rivers of London (novel)">Rivers of London</a></i> series - where the protagonist Peter Grant is bound and taken captive by the Queen of the Faeries, and it is Grant's girlfriend who comes to rescue him, riding a Steel Horse. </p><p>Another role reversal is in <i><a href="/wiki/Titanic_(1997_film)" title="Titanic (1997 film)">Titanic</a></i> (1997), written and directed by <a href="/wiki/James_Cameron" title="James Cameron">James Cameron</a>. After Jack Dawson is handcuffed to a pipe in the <a href="/wiki/Master-at-arms" title="Master-at-arms">master-at-arms</a>' office to drown, Rose DeWitt Bukater leaves her family to rescue him and they head back to the upper deck. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Robert_J._Harris_(writer)" title="Robert J. Harris (writer)">Robert J. Harris</a>' <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">WWII</a> spy thriller <i>The Thirty-One Kings</i> (2017), the chivalrous protagonist <a href="/wiki/Richard_Hannay" title="Richard Hannay">Richard Hannay</a> takes time off from his vital intelligence mission to help a beautiful young woman, harassed on a Paris street by two drunken men. She laughingly thanks him though saying she could have dealt with the men by herself. Hannay has no suspicion that she is herself the dangerous Nazi agent he had been sent to apprehend, and that she recognized him and knows his mission. Unsuspectingly he drinks the glass of brandy she offers him - whereupon he loses consciousness and wakes up securely bound. Gloating and jeering, the girl mocks Hannay for his sense of chivalry proving to be his undoing.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Destined to an ignominious watery death, it is the would be rescuer who is in very big distress; fortunately, his friends show up in the nick of time to save him from the clutches of the <a href="/wiki/Femme_fatale" title="Femme fatale">femme fatale</a>. </p><p>Conversely, <a href="/wiki/Jo_Nesb%C3%B8" title="Jo Nesbø">Jo Nesbø</a> revives a classical Damsel in distress trope in his 2007 crime novel <i><a href="/wiki/The_Snowman_(Nesb%C3%B8_novel)" title="The Snowman (Nesbø novel)">The Snowman</a></i>. Nesbø's protagonist <a href="/wiki/Harry_Hole" title="Harry Hole">Harry Hole</a> is faced with his beloved Rakel having been bound and forced to sit on a fast-melting seat of ice; once it has melted she would fall into an infernal device and be torn to pieces. Harry Hole manages to save her, though at the price of suffering some mutilation himself. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_video_games">In video games</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Damsel_in_distress&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: In video games"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Gender_representation_in_video_games" title="Gender representation in video games">Gender representation in video games</a> and <a href="/wiki/Women_and_video_games" title="Women and video games">Women and video games</a></div> <p>In computer and video games, female characters are often cast in the role of the damsel in distress, with their rescue being the <a href="/wiki/Game_mechanics#Goals" title="Game mechanics">objective</a> of the game.<sup id="cite_ref-Tremblay2012_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tremblay2012-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An early example of the damsel archetype in video games is <a href="/wiki/Pauline_(Nintendo)" title="Pauline (Nintendo)">Pauline</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Nintendo" title="Nintendo">Nintendo</a> character in the 1981 arcade game <i><a href="/wiki/Donkey_Kong_(arcade_game)" class="mw-redirect" title="Donkey Kong (arcade game)">Donkey Kong</a></i>. The gameplay involves <a href="/wiki/Mario" title="Mario">Mario</a> rescuing her from the top of a construction site after she is kidnapped and held captive by a giant ape.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <i><a href="/wiki/Dragon%27s_Lair" title="Dragon's Lair">Dragon's Lair</a></i> game series, <a href="/wiki/Princess_Daphne_(character)" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Daphne (character)">Princess Daphne</a>, the beautiful daughter of King Aethelred, serves as the series' damsel in distress.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first <i><a href="/wiki/Dragon%27s_Lair_(1983_video_game)" title="Dragon's Lair (1983 video game)">Dragon's Lair</a></i> game, released in 1983, involves the hero Dirk the Daring facing a series of challenges to rescue Daphne from a dragon named Singe.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jon M. Gibson of <a href="/wiki/GameSpy" title="GameSpy">GameSpy</a> called her "the epitome" of the trope.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Princess_Peach" title="Princess Peach">Princess Peach</a> throughout much of the <i><a href="/wiki/Mario_(franchise)" title="Mario (franchise)">Mario</a></i> franchise is also a <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/paradigm" class="extiw" title="wikt:paradigm">paradigmatic</a> example. She is repeatedly kidnapped across the <i><a href="/wiki/Super_Mario" title="Super Mario">Super Mario</a></i> series, beginning with her debut in <i><a href="/wiki/Super_Mario_Bros." title="Super Mario Bros.">Super Mario Bros.</a></i> in 1985. In most games in the series she is kidnapped and trapped in a castle by the villain <a href="/wiki/Bowser" title="Bowser">Bowser</a> and his minions in order for Mario to rescue her.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Peach has been described as the "quintessential damsel in distress" and her repeated abductions as a running joke and <a href="/wiki/Popular_culture" title="Popular culture">pop culture</a> reference by <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Princess_Zelda" title="Princess Zelda">Princess Zelda</a> in the early <i><a href="/wiki/The_Legend_of_Zelda" title="The Legend of Zelda">The Legend of Zelda</a></i> series has been described by Gladys L. Knight in her book <i>Female Action Heroes</i> as "perhaps one [of] the most well-known 'damsel in distress' princesses in <a href="/wiki/History_of_video_games" title="History of video games">video game history</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In most games in the series she is given the role of a "princess in peril", requiring the hero, <a href="/wiki/Link_(The_Legend_of_Zelda)" title="Link (The Legend of Zelda)">Link</a>, to rescue her, although later games, such as <i><a href="/wiki/Breath_of_the_Wild" class="mw-redirect" title="Breath of the Wild">Breath of the Wild</a></i>, presented her as a more realised character.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1989, another Nintendo character, <a href="/wiki/Princess_Daisy" title="Princess Daisy">Princess Daisy</a>, was cast in the role of damsel in distress in <i><a href="/wiki/Super_Mario_Land" title="Super Mario Land">Super Mario Land</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <i><a href="/wiki/Prince_of_Persia_(1989_video_game)" title="Prince of Persia (1989 video game)">Prince of Persia</a></i>, an imprisoned princess is the game's objective, necessitating the player character to rescue her.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Male_version:_Knight_in_distress">Male version: Knight in distress</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Damsel_in_distress&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Male version: Knight in distress"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some modern works of fiction involve a woman rescuing a male figure such as a husband in distress. Examples include: </p> <ul><li>The husband (David Brooks) of the <a href="/wiki/Strong_female_character" title="Strong female character">Strong female character</a> (Avery Graves) in <i><a href="/wiki/Canary_Black" title="Canary Black">Canary Black</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flynn_Rider" title="Flynn Rider">Flynn Rider</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/Tangled" title="Tangled">Tangled</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peeta_Mellark" title="Peeta Mellark">Peeta Mellark</a> in <i>The Hunger Games</i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Damsel_in_distress&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Damsel_in_distress" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Damsel in distress">Damsel in distress</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 18em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Courtly_love" title="Courtly love">Courtly love</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_film_theory" title="Feminist film theory">Feminist film theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_literary_criticism" title="Feminist literary criticism">Feminist literary criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_science_fiction" title="Feminist science fiction">Feminist science fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Final_girl" title="Final girl">Final girl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knight-errant" title="Knight-errant">Knight-errant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trope_(literature)" title="Trope (literature)">Literary trope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missing_white_woman_syndrome" title="Missing white woman syndrome">Missing white woman syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portrayal_of_women_in_comics" class="mw-redirect" title="Portrayal of women in comics">Portrayal of women in comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portrayal_of_women_in_video_games" class="mw-redirect" title="Portrayal of women in video games">Portrayal of women in video games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Predicament_escape" title="Predicament escape">Predicament escape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_and_dragon" title="Princess and dragon">Princess and dragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scream_queen" title="Scream queen">Scream queen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stock_character" title="Stock character">Stock character</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strong_female_character" title="Strong female character">Strong female character</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_refrigerators" title="Women in refrigerators">Women in refrigerators</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Damsel_in_distress&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FemFreq1-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FemFreq1_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FemFreq1_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSarkeesian2013" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Anita_Sarkeesian" title="Anita Sarkeesian">Sarkeesian, Anita</a> (March 7, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://feministfrequency.com/video/damsel-in-distress-part-1/">"Damsel in Distress (Part 1) Tropes vs Women"</a>. <i>Feminist Frequency</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161030203310/https://feministfrequency.com/video/damsel-in-distress-part-1/">Archived</a> from the original on October 30, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 9,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Feminist+Frequency&rft.atitle=Damsel+in+Distress+%28Part+1%29+Tropes+vs+Women&rft.date=2013-03-07&rft.aulast=Sarkeesian&rft.aufirst=Anita&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffeministfrequency.com%2Fvideo%2Fdamsel-in-distress-part-1%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADamsel+in+distress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLowbrow2014" class="citation web cs1">Lowbrow, Yeoman (December 28, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://flashbak.com/when-natives-attack-white-damsels-and-jungle-savages-in-pulp-fiction-28233/">"When Natives Attack! White Damsels and Jungle Savages in Pulp Fiction"</a>. <i>Flashbak</i>. Alum Media. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150102164943/http://flashbak.com/when-natives-attack-white-damsels-and-jungle-savages-in-pulp-fiction-28233/">Archived</a> from the original on January 2, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 9,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Flashbak&rft.atitle=When+Natives+Attack%21+White+Damsels+and+Jungle+Savages+in+Pulp+Fiction&rft.date=2014-12-28&rft.aulast=Lowbrow&rft.aufirst=Yeoman&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fflashbak.com%2Fwhen-natives-attack-white-damsels-and-jungle-savages-in-pulp-fiction-28233%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADamsel+in+distress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Johan_Huizinga" title="Johan Huizinga">Johan Huizinga</a> remarks in his book <i><a href="/wiki/The_Autumn_of_the_Middle_Ages" title="The Autumn of the Middle Ages">The Waning of the Middle Ages</a></i>, "the source of the chivalrous idea, is pride aspiring to beauty, and formalised pride gives rise to a conception of honour, which is the pole of noble life". Huizinga, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Autumn_of_the_Middle_Ages" title="The Autumn of the Middle Ages">The Waning of the Middle Ages</a></i> (1919) 1924:58.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmes1692" class="citation book cs1">Ames, Richard (1692). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EDW-gC3gqx8C&pg=PA1"><i>Sylvia's Complaint of Her Sexes Unhappiness : a Poem, Being the Second Part of Sylvia's Revenge, Or, a Satyr Against Man</i></a>. London: Richard Baldwin. p. 12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sylvia%27s+Complaint+of+Her+Sexes+Unhappiness+%3A+a+Poem%2C+Being+the+Second+Part+of+Sylvia%27s+Revenge%2C+Or%2C+a+Satyr+Against+Man&rft.place=London&rft.pages=12&rft.pub=Richard+Baldwin&rft.date=1692&rft.aulast=Ames&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEDW-gC3gqx8C%26pg%3DPA1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADamsel+in+distress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911975-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911975_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChisholm1911">Chisholm 1911</a>, p. 975.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFelton2021" class="citation book cs1">Felton, Debbie (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=40cxEAAAQBAJ"><i>Monsters and Monarchs: Serial Killers in Classical Myth and History</i></a>. Austin, US: University of Texas. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=40cxEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA150">148–150</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4773-0379-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4773-0379-5"><bdi>978-1-4773-0379-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Monsters+and+Monarchs%3A+Serial+Killers+in+Classical+Myth+and+History&rft.place=Austin%2C+US&rft.pages=148-150&rft.pub=University+of+Texas&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-1-4773-0379-5&rft.aulast=Felton&rft.aufirst=Debbie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D40cxEAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADamsel+in+distress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ungafakta.se/grekiskmytologi/manniskorna/troja/troja.asp">"Unga Fakta - Grekisk mytologi"</a>. <i>www.ungafakta.se</i> (in Swedish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-05-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ungafakta.se&rft.atitle=Unga+Fakta+-+Grekisk+mytologi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ungafakta.se%2Fgrekiskmytologi%2Fmanniskorna%2Ftroja%2Ftroja.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADamsel+in+distress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://webpages.uidaho.edu/engl257/Medieval/chivalry.htm">"Chivalry or The Chivalric Code"</a>. <i>webpages.uidaho.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-05-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=webpages.uidaho.edu&rft.atitle=Chivalry+or+The+Chivalric+Code&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwebpages.uidaho.edu%2Fengl257%2FMedieval%2Fchivalry.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADamsel+in+distress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/george_st.shtml">"BBC - History - Historic Figures: St George (?–303)"</a>. <i>www.bbc.co.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-06-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.bbc.co.uk&rft.atitle=BBC+-+History+-+Historic+Figures%3A+St+George+%28%3F%E2%80%93303%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fhistory%2Fhistoric_figures%2Fgeorge_st.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADamsel+in+distress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.contemplator.com/england/slady.html">"Spanish Lady"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Spanish+Lady&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.contemplator.com%2Fengland%2Fslady.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADamsel+in+distress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichardson1754" class="citation book cs1">Richardson, Samuel (1754). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027/inu.30000115373627?urlappend=%3Bseq=98"><i>The History of Sir Charles Grandison</i></a>. Vol. ii. London: S. Richardson. p. 92. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027%2Finu.30000115373627?urlappend=%3Bseq=98">2027/inu.30000115373627</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Sir+Charles+Grandison&rft.place=London&rft.pages=92&rft.pub=S.+Richardson&rft.date=1754&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2027%2Finu.30000115373627%3Furlappend%3D%253Bseq%3D98&rft.aulast=Richardson&rft.aufirst=Samuel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F2027%2Finu.30000115373627%3Furlappend%3D%253Bseq%3D98&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADamsel+in+distress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBooth1965" class="citation book cs1">Booth, Michael (1965). <i>English Melodrama</i>. Herbert Jenkins.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=English+Melodrama&rft.pub=Herbert+Jenkins&rft.date=1965&rft.aulast=Booth&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADamsel+in+distress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hiding-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hiding_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteinmeyer2003" class="citation book cs1">Steinmeyer, Jim (2003). <i>Hiding the Elephant: How Magicians Invented the Impossible</i>. William Heinemann/Random House. pp. 277–295. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-434-01325-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-434-01325-0"><bdi>0-434-01325-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hiding+the+Elephant%3A+How+Magicians+Invented+the+Impossible&rft.pages=277-295&rft.pub=William+Heinemann%2FRandom+House&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-434-01325-0&rft.aulast=Steinmeyer&rft.aufirst=Jim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADamsel+in+distress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Erish-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Erish_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFErish2006" class="citation journal cs1">Erish, Andrew (8 January 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130314080024/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/959395991.html?dids=959395991:959395991&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Jan+8%2C+2006&author=Andrew+Erish&pub=Los+Angeles+Times&edition=&startpage=E.6&desc=Movies">"Illegitimate dad of 'Kong'; One of the Depression's highest-grossing films was an outrageous fabrication, a scandalous and suggestive gorilla epic that set box office records across the country"</a>. <i>Los Angeles Times</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/959395991.html?dids=959395991:959395991&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Jan+8%2C+2006&author=Andrew+Erish&pub=Los+Angeles+Times&edition=&startpage=E.6&desc=Movies">the original</a> on 14 March 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Illegitimate+dad+of+%27Kong%27%3B+One+of+the+Depression%27s+highest-grossing+films+was+an+outrageous+fabrication%2C+a+scandalous+and+suggestive+gorilla+epic+that+set+box+office+records+across+the+country&rft.date=2006-01-08&rft.aulast=Erish&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpqasb.pqarchiver.com%2Flatimes%2Faccess%2F959395991.html%3Fdids%3D959395991%3A959395991%26FMT%3DABS%26FMTS%3DABS%3AFT%26type%3Dcurrent%26date%3DJan%2B8%252C%2B2006%26author%3DAndrew%2BErish%26pub%3DLos%2BAngeles%2BTimes%26edition%3D%26startpage%3DE.6%26desc%3DMovies&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADamsel+in+distress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWohlwend2009" class="citation journal cs1">Wohlwend, Karen E. (2009-01-03). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ila.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1598/RRQ.44.1.3">"Damsels in Discourse: Girls Consuming and Producing Identity Texts Through Disney Princess Play"</a>. <i>Reading Research Quarterly</i>. <b>44</b> (1): 57–83. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1598%2FRRQ.44.1.3">10.1598/RRQ.44.1.3</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2022%2F3463">2022/3463</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0034-0553">0034-0553</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reading+Research+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Damsels+in+Discourse%3A+Girls+Consuming+and+Producing+Identity+Texts+Through+Disney+Princess+Play&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=57-83&rft.date=2009-01-03&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2022%2F3463&rft.issn=0034-0553&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1598%2FRRQ.44.1.3&rft.aulast=Wohlwend&rft.aufirst=Karen+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fila.onlinelibrary.wiley.com%2Fdoi%2F10.1598%2FRRQ.44.1.3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADamsel+in+distress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeale2018" class="citation news cs1">Seale, Jack (2018-09-21). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2018/sep/21/from-bond-to-itvs-strangers-why-is-everyone-fridging">"From Bond to ITV's Strangers: why is everyone 'fridging'?"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-06-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=From+Bond+to+ITV%27s+Strangers%3A+why+is+everyone+%27fridging%27%3F&rft.date=2018-09-21&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Seale&rft.aufirst=Jack&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ftv-and-radio%2F2018%2Fsep%2F21%2Ffrom-bond-to-itvs-strangers-why-is-everyone-fridging&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADamsel+in+distress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSauer2022" class="citation web cs1">Sauer, Emma (2022-03-16). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://info.umkc.edu/womenc/2022/03/16/fridging-women-how-the-comics-industry-flubs-female-characters/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Fridging Women": How the Comics Industry Flubs Female Characters - UMKC Women's Center"</a>. <i>info.umkc.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-06-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=info.umkc.edu&rft.atitle=%22Fridging+Women%22%3A+How+the+Comics+Industry+Flubs+Female+Characters+-+UMKC+Women%27s+Center&rft.date=2022-03-16&rft.aulast=Sauer&rft.aufirst=Emma&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finfo.umkc.edu%2Fwomenc%2F2022%2F03%2F16%2Ffridging-women-how-the-comics-industry-flubs-female-characters%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADamsel+in+distress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones" class="citation web cs1">Jones, Ralph. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20230315-how-shrinking-perpetuates-hollywoods-most-sexist-clich">"How Shrinking perpetuates Hollywood's most sexist cliché"</a>. <i>bbc.com</i>. BBC<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bbc.com&rft.atitle=How+Shrinking+perpetuates+Hollywood%27s+most+sexist+clich%C3%A9&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Ralph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fculture%2Farticle%2F20230315-how-shrinking-perpetuates-hollywoods-most-sexist-clich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADamsel+in+distress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Condon, Michael (October 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fanzing.com/mag/fanzing49/condonquiz.shtml">"The Fanzig Challenge"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110710224321/http://www.fanzing.com/mag/fanzing49/condonquiz.shtml">Archived</a> 2011-07-10 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Fanzing. Retrieved January 11, 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Yahoo-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Yahoo_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Yahoo_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Prowse-Gany, Brian (August 12, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.yahoo.com/katiecouric/rise-of-the-female-superhero-ever-since-superman-126459307033.html">"Rise of the Female Superhero"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Yahoo!_News" class="mw-redirect" title="Yahoo! News">Yahoo! News</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://feministfrequency.com/video/damsel-in-distress-part-2-tropes-vs-women/">"Damsel in Distress (Part 2) Tropes vs Women"</a>. 28 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Damsel+in+Distress+%28Part+2%29+Tropes+vs+Women&rft.date=2013-05-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffeministfrequency.com%2Fvideo%2Fdamsel-in-distress-part-2-tropes-vs-women%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADamsel+in+distress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See, e.g., Alison Lurie, "Fairy Tale Liberation", <i>The New York Review of Books</i>, v. 15, n. 11 (Dec. 17, 1970) (germinal work in the field); Donald Haase, "Feminist Fairy-Tale Scholarship: A Critical Survey and Bibliography", <i>Marvels & Tales: Journal of Fairy-Tale Studies</i> v.14, n.1 (2000).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See Jane Yolen, "This Book Is For You", <i>Marvels & Tales</i>, v. 14, n. 1 (2000) (essay); Yolen, <i>Not One Damsel in Distress: World folktales for Strong Girls</i> (anthology); Jack Zipes, <i>Don't Bet on the Prince: Contemporary Fairy Tales in North America and England</i>, Routledge: New York, 1986 (anthology).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-singer-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-singer_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSinger1999" class="citation book cs1">Singer, Ben (February 1999). Richard Abel (ed.). <i>Female Power in the Serial-Queen Melodrama: The Etiology of An Anomaly in Silent Film</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-02-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Game+Informer&rft.atitle=Everything+We+Know+About+Princess+Zelda+In+Breath+Of+The+Wild&rft.aulast=Hilliard&rft.aufirst=Kyle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gameinformer.com%2Fb%2Ffeatures%2Farchive%2F2017%2F02%2F21%2Feverything-we-know-about-princess-zelda-in-breath-of-the-wild.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADamsel+in+distress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eurogamer.net/the-history-of-mario-article?page=2">"Page 2 | The History of Mario"</a>. <i>Eurogamer.net</i>. 2007-11-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-02-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Eurogamer.net&rft.atitle=Page+2+%7C+The+History+of+Mario&rft.date=2007-11-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eurogamer.net%2Fthe-history-of-mario-article%3Fpage%3D2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADamsel+in+distress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gamespot.com/reviews/prince-of-persia-classic-review/1900-6172519/">"Prince of Persia Classic Review"</a>. <i>GameSpot</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-02-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GameSpot&rft.atitle=Prince+of+Persia+Classic+Review&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamespot.com%2Freviews%2Fprince-of-persia-classic-review%2F1900-6172519%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADamsel+in+distress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Damsel_in_distress&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Andromeda"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Andromeda">"Andromeda" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i> (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Andromeda&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADamsel+in+distress" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mario_Praz" title="Mario Praz">Mario Praz</a> (1930) <i>The Romantic Agony</i> Chapter 3: 'The Shadow of the Divine Marquis'</li> <li>Robert K. Klepper, <i>Silent Films, 1877-1996, A Critical Guide to 646 Movies</i>, pub. <a href="/wiki/McFarland_%26_Company" title="McFarland & Company">McFarland & Company</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7864-2164-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-7864-2164-9">0-7864-2164-9</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lost_world" title="Lost world">Lost world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sword_and_sorcery" title="Sword and sorcery">Sword and sorcery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuxia" title="Wuxia">Wuxia‎</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alternate_history" title="Alternate history">Alternate history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_fantasy" title="Contemporary fantasy">Contemporary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_fantasy" title="Children's fantasy">Children's fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_comedy" title="Fantasy comedy">Comedy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangsian_fantasy" title="Bangsian fantasy">Bangsian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_fantasy" title="Dark fantasy">Dark fantasy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grimdark" title="Grimdark">Grimdark</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairy_tale_parody" title="Fairy tale parody">Fairy tale parodies</a>‎</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairytale_fantasy" title="Fairytale fantasy">Fairytale fantasy</a>‎</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantastique" title="Fantastique">Fantastique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_of_manners" title="Fantasy of manners">Fantasy of manners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_fantasy" title="Hard fantasy">Hard fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_fantasy" title="High fantasy">High fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_fantasy" title="Historical fantasy">Historical fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isekai" title="Isekai">Isekai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LitRPG" title="LitRPG">LitRPG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low_fantasy" title="Low fantasy">Low fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magical_girl" title="Magical girl">Magical girl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mythic_fiction" title="Mythic fiction">Mythic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mythpunk" class="mw-redirect" title="Mythpunk">Mythpunk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mythopoeia" title="Mythopoeia">Mythopoeia‎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omegaverse" title="Omegaverse">Omegaverse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_fantasy" title="Romantic fantasy">Romantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fantasy" title="Science fantasy">Science fantasy</a>‎ <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dying_Earth_(genre)" title="Dying Earth (genre)">Dying Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_romance" title="Planetary romance">Planetary romance</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gods_and_demons_fiction" title="Gods and demons fiction">Shenmo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_fantasy" title="Urban fantasy">Urban fantasy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Occult_detective_fiction" title="Occult detective fiction">Occult detective fiction‎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paranormal_romance" title="Paranormal romance">Paranormal romance</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weird_fiction" title="Weird fiction">Weird fiction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_weird" title="New weird">New weird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weird_West" title="Weird West">Weird West</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_Western" class="mw-redirect" title="Fantasy Western">West‎ern fantasy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_film" title="Fantasy film">Film</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fantasy_television" title="Fantasy television">television</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fantasy_anime" title="List of fantasy anime">Anime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_fantasy_films" title="Lists of fantasy films">Films</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest-grossing_fantasy_films" title="List of highest-grossing fantasy films">highest-grossing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sword_and_sorcery_films" title="List of sword and sorcery films">S&S</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fantasy_television_programs" title="List of fantasy television programs">Television programs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_literature" title="Fantasy literature">Literature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fantasy_authors" title="List of fantasy authors">Authors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballantine_Adult_Fantasy_series" title="Ballantine Adult Fantasy series">Ballantine Adult Fantasy series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_comics" title="Fantasy comics">Comics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fantasy_comics" title="List of fantasy comics">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Encyclopedia_of_Fantasy" title="The Encyclopedia of Fantasy">The Encyclopedia of Fantasy</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_Masterworks" title="Fantasy Masterworks">Fantasy Masterworks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Speculative_Fiction_Database" title="Internet Speculative Fiction Database">Internet Speculative Fiction Database</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fantasy_novels" class="mw-redirect" title="List of fantasy novels">List of novels</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fantasy_novels_(A%E2%80%93H)" title="List of fantasy novels (A–H)">A–H</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fantasy_novels_(I%E2%80%93R)" title="List of fantasy novels (I–R)">I–R</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fantasy_novels_(S%E2%80%93Z)" title="List of fantasy novels (S–Z)">S–Z</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fantasy_story_collections" title="List of fantasy story collections">List of story collections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_publishers" title="List of science fiction publishers">Publishers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_fiction_magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Fantasy fiction magazine">Magazines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Fantastic_(magazine)" title="Fantastic (magazine)">Fantastic</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fantastic_Adventures" title="Fantastic Adventures">Fantastic Adventures</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Locus_(magazine)" title="Locus (magazine)">Locus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Magazine_of_Fantasy_%26_Science_Fiction" title="The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction">The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Science_Fantasy_(magazine)" title="Science Fantasy (magazine)">Science Fantasy</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Unknown_(magazine)" title="Unknown (magazine)">Unknown</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Weird_Tales" title="Weird Tales">Weird Tales</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dungeons_%26_Dragons" title="Dungeons & Dragons">Dungeons & Dragons</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9erie" title="Féerie">Féeries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_podcast" title="Fantasy podcast">Podcasts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Awards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balrog_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Balrog Award">Balrog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Fantasy_Award" title="British Fantasy Award">British Fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crawford_Award" title="Crawford Award">Crawford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragon_Awards" title="Dragon Awards">Dragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandalf_Award" title="Gandalf Award">Gandalf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Gemmell_Awards_for_Fantasy" title="David Gemmell Awards for Fantasy">Gemmell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Award" title="Hugo Award">Hugo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Fantasy_Award" title="International Fantasy Award">International Fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Fantasy_Novel_Award" title="Japan Fantasy Novel Award">Japan Fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locus_Award" title="Locus Award">Locus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9li%C3%A8s_d%27Or" title="Méliès d'Or">Méliès d'Or</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mythopoeic_Awards" title="Mythopoeic Awards">Mythopoeic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebula_Award" title="Nebula Award">Nebula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saturn_Awards" title="Saturn Awards">Saturn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A4htifantasia_Award" title="Tähtifantasia Award">Tähtifantasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Fantasy_Award" title="World Fantasy Award">World Fantasy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_fandom" title="Fantasy fandom">Fandom</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fantastic_art" title="Fantastic art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fanspeak" title="Fanspeak">Fanspeak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filk_music" title="Filk music">Filk music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Potter_fandom" title="Harry Potter fandom"><i>Harry Potter</i> fandom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Inklings" class="mw-redirect" title="The Inklings">The Inklings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lovecraft_fandom" title="Lovecraft fandom">Lovecraft fandom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mythopoeic_Society" title="Mythopoeic Society">Mythopoeic Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien_fandom" title="Tolkien fandom">Tolkien fandom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_influence_on_fantasy" class="mw-redirect" title="Tolkien's influence on fantasy">Tolkien's influence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Works_inspired_by_J._R._R._Tolkien" class="mw-redirect" title="Works inspired by J. R. R. Tolkien">Works inspired by J. R. R. Tolkien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Fantasy_Convention" title="World Fantasy Convention">World Fantasy Convention</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_trope" title="Fantasy trope">Tropes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Legendary_creature" title="Legendary creature">Creatures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angel" title="Angel">Angels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demon" title="Demon">Demons</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Devil" title="Devil">Devils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghoul" title="Ghoul">Ghouls</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elemental" title="Elemental">Elementals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairy" title="Fairy">Faeries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Familiar" title="Familiar">Familiars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire-breathing_monster" title="Fire-breathing monster">Fire-breathing monsters</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chimera_(mythology)" title="Chimera (mythology)">Chimera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragon" title="Dragon">Dragons</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gargoyle_(monster)" title="Gargoyle (monster)">Gargoyles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imp" title="Imp">Imps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinn" title="Jinn">Jinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nymph" title="Nymph">Nymphs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shapeshifting" title="Shapeshifting">Shapeshifters</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Werecat" title="Werecat">Werecats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Werewolf" title="Werewolf">Werewolves</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skin-walker" title="Skin-walker">Skin-walkers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supernatural#Spirit" title="Supernatural">Spirits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talking_animals_in_fiction" title="Talking animals in fiction">Talking animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Undead" title="Undead">Undead</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Personifications_of_death" title="Personifications of death">Death</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost" title="Ghost">Ghosts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lich" title="Lich">Liches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mummy_(undead)" title="Mummy (undead)">Mummies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skeleton_(undead)" title="Skeleton (undead)">Skeletons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vampire" title="Vampire">Vampires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zombie" title="Zombie">Zombies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicorn" title="Unicorn">Unicorns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y%C5%8Dkai" title="Yōkai">Yōkai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_stock_characters" title="List of stock characters">Characters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barbarian" title="Barbarian">Barbarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caveman" title="Caveman">Caveman</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Damsel in distress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_lord" title="Dark lord">Dark lord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donor_(fairy_tale)" title="Donor (fairy tale)">Donor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragonslayer" title="Dragonslayer">Dragonslayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairy_godmother" title="Fairy godmother">Fairy godmother</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hero" title="Hero">Heroes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magician_(fantasy)" title="Magician (fantasy)">Magicians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occult_detective_fiction" title="Occult detective fiction">Occult detective</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_and_fantasy_detectives" title="List of science fiction and fantasy detectives">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wild_man" title="Wild man">Wild man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witchcraft" title="Witchcraft">Witches</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Magic_in_fiction" title="Magic in fiction">Magic system</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hard_and_soft_magic_systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Hard and soft magic systems">Hard and soft</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Classical_element" title="Classical element">Elements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_magic" title="Black magic">Dark</a>/<a href="/wiki/Gray_magic" title="Gray magic">neutral</a>/<a href="/wiki/White_magic" title="White magic">light</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_magic" title="Ceremonial magic">Ceremonial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Love_magic" title="Love magic">Love</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_magic" title="Moon magic">Moon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_item" title="Magic item">Magic item</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grimoire" title="Grimoire">Grimoire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_ring" title="Magic ring">Magic ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_magical_weapons" title="List of magical weapons">Magical weapons</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Magic_sword" title="Magic sword">Magic sword</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runes" class="mw-redirect" title="Runes">Runes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wand" title="Wand">Wand</a></li></ul></li> <li>Schools <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alchemy" title="Alchemy">Alchemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demonology" title="Demonology">Demonology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divination" title="Divination">Divination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egregore" title="Egregore">Egregore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evocation" title="Evocation">Evocation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incantation" title="Incantation">Incantation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necromancy" title="Necromancy">Necromancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runic_magic" title="Runic magic">Runecraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamanism" title="Shamanism">Shamanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shapeshifting" title="Shapeshifting">Shapeshifting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thaumaturgy" title="Thaumaturgy">Thaumaturgy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theurgy" title="Theurgy">Theurgy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witchcraft" title="Witchcraft">Witchcraft</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_races" class="mw-redirect" title="Fantasy races">Fantasy races</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Centaur" title="Centaur">Centaurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwarf_(folklore)" title="Dwarf (folklore)">Dwarves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elf" title="Elf">Elves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ent" title="Ent">Treants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giant" title="Giant">Giants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnome" title="Gnome">Gnomes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goblin" title="Goblin">Goblins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gremlin" title="Gremlin">Gremlins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halfling" title="Halfling">Halflings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hobgoblin" title="Hobgoblin">Hobgoblins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kobold" title="Kobold">Kobolds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leprechaun" title="Leprechaun">Leprechauns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merfolk" title="Merfolk">Merfolk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mermaid" title="Mermaid">Mermaids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merman" title="Merman">Mermen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogre" title="Ogre">Ogres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oni" title="Oni">Oni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orc" title="Orc">Orcs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troll" title="Troll">Trolls</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_mythological_places" title="List of mythological places">Places and events</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quest" title="Quest">Quests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_world" title="Fantasy world">Worlds</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fantasy_worlds" title="List of fantasy worlds">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_map" class="mw-redirect" title="Fantasy map">Maps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lost_city_(fiction)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lost city (fiction)">Lost city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subterranean_fiction" title="Subterranean fiction">Hollow Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astral_plane" title="Astral plane">Astral plane</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dream_world_(plot_device)" title="Dream world (plot device)">Dreamworld</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castle" title="Castle">Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enchanted_forest" title="Enchanted forest">Enchanted forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thieves%27_guild" title="Thieves' guild">Thieves' guild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fictional_schools#Magic_schools" title="List of fictional schools">Magic school</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allegory" title="Allegory">Allegory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epic_poetry" title="Epic poetry">Epic poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fable" title="Fable">Fable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairy_tale" title="Fairy tale">Fairy tale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost_story" title="Ghost story">Ghost stories</a>‎</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_fiction" title="Gothic fiction">Gothic fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horror_fiction" title="Horror fiction">Horror fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_themes_in_speculative_fiction" title="LGBT themes in speculative fiction">LGBT themes in speculative fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mecha" title="Mecha">Mecha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myth" title="Myth">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction" title="Science fiction">Science fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supernatural_fiction" title="Supernatural fiction">Supernatural fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superhero_fiction" title="Superhero fiction">Superhero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokusatsu" title="Tokusatsu">Tokusatsu‎</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kaiju" title="Kaiju">Kaiju</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_legends_and_myths" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban legends and myths">Urban legend</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Outline"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/10px-Global_thinking.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/15px-Global_thinking.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/21px-Global_thinking.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_fantasy" title="Outline of fantasy">Outline</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Fantasy" title="Category:Fantasy">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Stock_characters" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Stock_characters" title="Template:Stock characters"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Stock_characters" title="Template talk:Stock characters"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Stock_characters" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Stock characters"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Stock_characters" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Stock_character" title="Stock character">Stock characters</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stock_characters" title="List of stock characters">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archetype" title="Archetype">Archetype</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="By_ethics_and_morality" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">By ethics and morality</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hero" title="Hero">Heroes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.4em;font-weight:normal;">Classic hero</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_hero" title="Action hero">Action hero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christ_figure" title="Christ figure">Christ figure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Chosen_One_(trope)" title="The Chosen One (trope)">Chosen One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Everyman" title="Everyman">Everyman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_hero" title="Folk hero">Folk hero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knight-errant" title="Knight-errant">Knight-errant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legacy_hero" title="Legacy hero">Legacy hero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mythological_king" title="Mythological king">Mythological king</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paladin" title="Paladin">Paladin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superhero" title="Superhero">Superhero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youngest_son" title="Youngest son">Youngest son</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.4em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Antihero" title="Antihero">Antihero</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byronic_hero" title="Byronic hero">Byronic hero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man_alone" title="Man alone">Man alone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tragic_hero" title="Tragic hero">Tragic hero</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.4em;font-weight:normal;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyberhero" title="Cyberhero">Cyberhero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_soldier" title="Super soldier">Super soldier</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space_marine" title="Space marine">Space marine</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rogue_literature" title="Rogue literature">Rogues</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.4em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Lovable_rogue" title="Lovable rogue">Lovable rogue</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gentleman_detective" class="mw-redirect" title="Gentleman detective">Gentleman detective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_(hero)" title="Jack (hero)">Jack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trickster" title="Trickster">Trickster</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.4em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Tricky_slave" title="Tricky slave">Tricky slave</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zanni" title="Zanni">Zanni</a> (servants, clowns: <a href="/wiki/Harlequin" title="Harlequin">Harlequin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brighella" title="Brighella">Brighella</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scapino" title="Scapino">Scapino</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pulcinella" title="Pulcinella">Pulcinella</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pierrot" title="Pierrot">Pierrot</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.4em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Outlaw_(stock_character)" title="Outlaw (stock character)">Outlaw</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bad_boy_archetype" title="Bad boy archetype">Bad boy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gentleman_thief" title="Gentleman thief">Gentleman thief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirates_in_popular_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Pirates in popular culture">Pirate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_pirate" title="Air pirate">Air pirate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_pirate" title="Space pirate">Space pirate</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.4em;font-weight:normal;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Good_cop/bad_cop" class="mw-redirect" title="Good cop/bad cop">Good cop/bad cop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rake_(stock_character)" title="Rake (stock character)">Rake</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Villain" title="Villain">Villains</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.4em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Villain#Sympathetic_villain" title="Villain">Antivillains</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/False_hero" title="False hero">False hero</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.4em;font-weight:normal;">The <a href="/wiki/Mole_(espionage)" title="Mole (espionage)">mole</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Double_agent" title="Double agent">Double agent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evil_twin" title="Evil twin">Evil twin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism" title="Terrorism">Terrorist</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.4em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Social_Darwinist" class="mw-redirect" title="Social Darwinist">Social Darwinist</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dark_lord" title="Dark lord">Dark lord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mad_scientist" title="Mad scientist">Mad scientist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supervillain" title="Supervillain">Supervillain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.4em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Monster" title="Monster">Monsters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bug-eyed_monster" title="Bug-eyed monster">Bug-eyed monster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evil_clown" title="Evil clown">Evil clown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killer_toy" title="Killer toy">Killer toy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monster_girl" title="Monster girl">Monster girl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skeleton_(undead)" title="Skeleton (undead)">Skeleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slime_(monster)" title="Slime (monster)">Slime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_swamp_monsters" title="List of swamp monsters">Swamp monster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vampires_in_popular_culture" title="Vampires in popular culture">Vampires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zombie" title="Zombie">Zombie</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_zombies" title="Nazi zombies">Nazi zombies</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.4em;font-weight:normal;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alazon" title="Alazon">Alazon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archenemy" title="Archenemy">Archenemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_devil" title="Folk devil">Folk devil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igor_(character)" title="Igor (character)">Igor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masked_villain" title="Masked villain">Masked villain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miser" title="Miser">Miser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vecchio" title="Vecchio">Vecchio</a> (wealthy old men, <a href="/wiki/Pantalone" title="Pantalone">Pantalone</a> and <a href="/wiki/Il_Dottore" title="Il Dottore">Il Dottore</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Il_Capitano" title="Il Capitano">Il Capitano</a> (self styled captain, braggart)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="By_sex_and_gender" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">By sex and gender</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Feminine" class="mw-redirect" title="Feminine">Feminine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.0em;font-weight:normal;">Love interest</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bish%C5%8Djo" title="Bishōjo">Bishōjo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blonde_stereotype" title="Blonde stereotype">Blonde stereotype</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farmer%27s_daughter" title="Farmer's daughter">Farmer's daughter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girl_next_door" title="Girl next door">Girl next door</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hooker_with_a_heart_of_gold" title="Hooker with a heart of gold">Hooker with a heart of gold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ing%C3%A9nue" title="Ingénue">Ingénue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loosu_ponnu" title="Loosu ponnu">Loosu ponnu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magical_girlfriend" title="Magical girlfriend">Magical girlfriend</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catgirl" title="Catgirl">Catgirl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monster_girl" title="Monster girl">Monster girl</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manic_Pixie_Dream_Girl" title="Manic Pixie Dream Girl">Manic Pixie Dream Girl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vixen_(stock_character)" title="Vixen (stock character)">Vixen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.0em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hag" title="Hag">Hag</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cat_lady" title="Cat lady">Cat lady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crone" title="Crone">Crone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairy_godmother" title="Fairy godmother">Fairy godmother</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Ruffiana" title="La Ruffiana">La Ruffiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loathly_lady" title="Loathly lady">Loathly lady</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.0em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hawksian_woman" title="Hawksian woman">Hawksian woman</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dragon_Lady" title="Dragon Lady">Dragon Lady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Femme_fatale" title="Femme fatale">Femme fatale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsundere" title="Tsundere">Tsundere</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.0em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Women_warriors_in_literature_and_culture" title="Women warriors in literature and culture">Woman warrior</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jungle_girl" title="Jungle girl">Jungle girl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magical_girl" title="Magical girl">Magical girl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virago" title="Virago">Virago</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.0em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Queen_bee_(sociology)" title="Queen bee (sociology)">Queen bee</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Princesse_lointaine" title="Princesse lointaine">Princesse lointaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_belle" title="Southern belle">Southern belle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valley_girl" title="Valley girl">Valley girl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamato_nadeshiko" title="Yamato nadeshiko">Yamato nadeshiko</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.0em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/LGBT_stereotypes" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT stereotypes">LGBT</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Class_S_(genre)" class="mw-redirect" title="Class S (genre)">Class S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laotong" title="Laotong">Laotong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.0em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Lady-in-waiting" title="Lady-in-waiting">Lady-in-waiting</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Columbina" class="mw-redirect" title="Columbina">Columbina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mammy_stereotype" title="Mammy stereotype">Mammy stereotype</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.0em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Geek_girl" title="Geek girl">Geek girl</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gamer_girl" class="mw-redirect" title="Gamer girl">Gamer girl</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.0em;font-weight:normal;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Damsel in distress</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Final_girl" title="Final girl">Final girl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_and_dragon" title="Princess and dragon">Princess and dragon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Masculine" class="mw-redirect" title="Masculine">Masculine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Harlequin" title="Harlequin">Harlequin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pierrot" title="Pierrot">Pierrot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scaramouche" title="Scaramouche">Scaramouche</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Father_figure" title="Father figure">Father figure</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wise_old_man" title="Wise old man">Wise old man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elderly_martial_arts_master" title="Elderly martial arts master">Elderly martial arts master</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Young</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_mappillai" title="American mappillai">American mappillai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himbo" title="Himbo">Himbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_the_Fool" title="Ivan the Fool">Ivan the Fool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_(hero)" title="Jack (hero)">Jack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jock_(stereotype)" title="Jock (stereotype)">Jock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Johnny" title="Little Johnny">Little Johnny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nice_guy" title="Nice guy">Nice guy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nice_Jewish_boy_stereotype" class="mw-redirect" title="Nice Jewish boy stereotype">Nice Jewish boy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superfluous_man" title="Superfluous man">Superfluous man</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Prince_Charming" title="Prince Charming">Prince Charming</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bish%C5%8Dnen" title="Bishōnen">Bishōnen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knight-errant" title="Knight-errant">Knight-errant</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Primitive</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feral_child" title="Feral child">Feral child</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noble_savage" class="mw-redirect" title="Noble savage">Noble savage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caveman" title="Caveman">Caveman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_man" title="Mountain man">Mountain man</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/LGBT_stereotypes" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT stereotypes">LGBT</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yaoi#Seme_and_uke" class="mw-redirect" title="Yaoi">Seme and uke</a></li> <li><span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Otokonoko" title="Otokonoko">Otokonoko</a></i></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Bad_boy_archetype" title="Bad boy archetype">Bad boy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pachuco" title="Pachuco">Pachuco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_knight" title="Black knight">Black knight</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Others" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Others</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adolescent_clique" title="Adolescent clique">Adolescent clique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbarian" title="Barbarian">Barbarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clown" title="Clown">Clown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragonslayer" title="Dragonslayer">Dragonslayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donor_(fairy_tale)" title="Donor (fairy tale)">Donor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fool_(stock_character)" title="Fool (stock character)">Fool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Identity_formation" title="Identity formation">Identity formation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imaginary_friend" title="Imaginary friend">Imaginary friend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innamorati" title="Innamorati">Innamorati</a> ("The Lovers")</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_green_men" title="Little green men">Little green men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magical_Negro" title="Magical Negro">Magical Negro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mole_people_(fiction)" title="Mole people (fiction)">Mole people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop_icon" title="Pop icon">Pop icon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redshirt_(stock_character)" title="Redshirt (stock character)">Redshirt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoulder_angel" title="Shoulder angel">Shoulder angel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidekick" title="Sidekick">Sidekick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight_man" title="Straight man">Straight man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokenism" title="Tokenism">Tokenism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Town_drunk" title="Town drunk">Town drunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tragic_mulatto" title="Tragic mulatto">Tragic mulatto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truck-kun" title="Truck-kun">Truck-kun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Village_idiot" title="Village idiot">Village idiot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_savior_narrative_in_film" title="White savior narrative in film">White savior</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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