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class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Hope Hicks</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 22 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-22" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">22 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%88%D8%A8_%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%B3" title="هوب هيكس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هوب هيكس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hope_Hicks" title="Hope Hicks – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hope Hicks" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CF%8C%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%80_%CE%A7%CE%B9%CE%BE" title="Χόουπ Χιξ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χόουπ Χιξ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hope_Hicks" title="Hope Hicks – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Hope Hicks" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hope_Hicks" title="Hope Hicks – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hope Hicks" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%88%D9%BE_%D9%87%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B3" title="هوپ هیکس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هوپ هیکس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hope_Hicks" title="Hope Hicks – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Hope Hicks" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hope_Hicks" title="Hope Hicks – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Hope Hicks" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%95%D7%A4_%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%A1" title="הופ היקס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הופ היקס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%88%D8%A8_%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%B3" title="هوب هيكس – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="هوب هيكس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hope_Hicks" title="Hope Hicks – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hope Hicks" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9B%E3%83%BC%E3%83%97%E3%83%BB%E3%83%92%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B9" title="ホープ・ヒックス – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ホープ・ヒックス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hope_Hicks" title="Hope Hicks – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Hope Hicks" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hope_Hicks" title="Hope Hicks – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Hope Hicks" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hope_Hicks" title="Hope Hicks – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Hope Hicks" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%81,_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%83%D0%BF" title="Хикс, Хоуп – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Хикс, Хоуп" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hope_Hicks" title="Hope Hicks – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Hope Hicks" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%83%D0%BF_%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Хоуп Хикс – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хоуп Хикс" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hope_Hicks" title="Hope Hicks – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Hope Hicks" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hope_Hicks" title="Hope Hicks – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Hope Hicks" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hope_Hicks" title="Hope Hicks – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hope Hicks" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9C%8D%E6%99%AE%C2%B7%E5%B8%8C%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF" title="霍普·希克斯 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="霍普·希克斯" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American public relations executive and political advisor (born 1988)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Hope Hicks</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Hope_Hicks_thumbs_up_on_8_November_2017_detail,_from-_Donald_Trump_and_staff_on_Air_Force_One_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Hope_Hicks_thumbs_up_on_8_November_2017_detail%2C_from-_Donald_Trump_and_staff_on_Air_Force_One_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Hope_Hicks_thumbs_up_on_8_November_2017_detail%2C_from-_Donald_Trump_and_staff_on_Air_Force_One_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="274" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Hope_Hicks_thumbs_up_on_8_November_2017_detail%2C_from-_Donald_Trump_and_staff_on_Air_Force_One_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Hope_Hicks_thumbs_up_on_8_November_2017_detail%2C_from-_Donald_Trump_and_staff_on_Air_Force_One_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/16/Hope_Hicks_thumbs_up_on_8_November_2017_detail%2C_from-_Donald_Trump_and_staff_on_Air_Force_One_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="374" data-file-height="465" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Hicks on <a href="/wiki/Air_Force_One" title="Air Force One">Air Force One</a> in 2017</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Counselor_to_the_President" title="Counselor to the President">Counselor to the President</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />March 9, 2020 – January 12, 2021<div style="line-height:normal; padding-top:0.2em; padding-bottom:0.1em">Serving with <a href="/wiki/Kellyanne_Conway" title="Kellyanne Conway">Kellyanne Conway</a> and<br /><a href="/wiki/Derek_Lyons" title="Derek Lyons">Derek Lyons</a></div></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Johnny_DeStefano" title="Johnny DeStefano">Johnny DeStefano</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Steve_Ricchetti" title="Steve Ricchetti">Steve Ricchetti</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Zients" title="Jeff Zients">Jeff Zients</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/White_House_Communications_Director" title="White House Communications Director">White House Communications Director</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />September 12, 2017 – March 29, 2018<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Acting: August 16, 2017 – September 12, 2017</span></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data">Donald Trump</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Scaramucci" title="Anthony Scaramucci">Anthony Scaramucci</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Shine" title="Bill Shine">Bill Shine</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">1st <a href="/wiki/White_House_Director_of_Strategic_Communications" title="White House Director of Strategic Communications">White House Director of Strategic Communications</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 20, 2017 – September 12, 2017</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data">Donald Trump</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Position established</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mercedes_Schlapp" title="Mercedes Schlapp">Mercedes Schlapp</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Hope Charlotte Hicks</div><br /><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1988-10-21</span>) </span>October 21, 1988<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 36)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Greenwich,_Connecticut" title="Greenwich, Connecticut">Greenwich, Connecticut</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Methodist_University" title="Southern Methodist University">Southern Methodist University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">BA</a>)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Hope Charlotte Hicks</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (born October 21, 1988) is an American <a href="/wiki/Public_relations" title="Public relations">public relations</a> executive and political advisor who served in <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a>’s <a href="/wiki/First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="First presidency of Donald Trump">administration</a> from 2017 to 2018 and 2020 to 2021. She served as <a href="/wiki/White_House_Director_of_Strategic_Communications" title="White House Director of Strategic Communications">White House director of strategic communications</a> from January to September 2017, as <a href="/wiki/White_House_Communications_Director" title="White House Communications Director">White House communications director</a> from 2017 to 2018,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and returned to serve as a <a href="/wiki/Counselor_to_the_President" title="Counselor to the President">counselor to the president</a> from 2020 to 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT13Feb2020_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT13Feb2020-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hicks was a teenage model before following her father into a career in media and communications. After college and a couple of years' work in public relations, she became an employee of <a href="/wiki/The_Trump_Organization" title="The Trump Organization">the Trump Organization</a>. From there, she became <a href="/wiki/Press_secretary" title="Press secretary">press secretary</a> and early communications director for the <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign">Trump 2016 presidential campaign</a>, shifting to national press secretary for the <a href="/wiki/First_presidential_transition_of_Donald_Trump" title="First presidential transition of Donald Trump">presidential transition team</a><sup id="cite_ref-marie_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-marie-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> before joining the Trump Administration. When Hicks resigned from the Administration in March 2018, she was Trump's longest-serving political aide.<sup id="cite_ref-tot_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tot-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After her resignation, she was <a href="/wiki/Fox_Corporation" title="Fox Corporation">Fox Corporation</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Chief_communications_officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief communications officer">chief communications officer</a> and executive vice president.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FoxHiopeHicksBio_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FoxHiopeHicksBio-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She returned to the White House as counselor to President Trump in March 2020 before departing for the final time on January 13, 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hope_Hicks&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hicks is the daughter of Caye Ann (Cavender) Hicks and Paul Burton Hicks III.<sup id="cite_ref-Paul_Hicks_Weds_Caye_A._Cavender_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paul_Hicks_Weds_Caye_A._Cavender-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She grew up in <a href="/wiki/Greenwich,_Connecticut" title="Greenwich, Connecticut">Greenwich, Connecticut</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-cosmo_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cosmo-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-GQ_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GQ-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her father was Regional CEO, Americas,<sup id="cite_ref-RegionalCEO_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RegionalCEO-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of <a href="/wiki/Ogilvy_%26_Mather" class="mw-redirect" title="Ogilvy & Mather">Ogilvy Public Relations Worldwide</a>, and executive vice president of communications for the <a href="/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League">National Football League</a> from 2010 to 2015, before becoming managing director of <a href="/wiki/The_Glover_Park_Group" title="The Glover Park Group">the Glover Park Group</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-marie_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-marie-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cosmo_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cosmo-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-wp-one_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wp-one-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-smumag_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smumag-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ctpost_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ctpost-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her family had a history in government administration: her mother was an administrative aide to <a href="/wiki/Ed_Jones_(Tennessee_politician)" title="Ed Jones (Tennessee politician)">Ed Jones</a>, a Democratic congressman from Tennessee; her maternal grandfather, G. W. F. "Dutch" Cavender, worked in the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Department_of_Agriculture" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Department of Agriculture">U.S. Department of Agriculture</a> as an administrator during two different administrations; and her maternal grandmother, Marilee Cavender, worked at the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Department_of_Transportation" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Department of Transportation">U.S. Department of Transportation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hicks was a teenage model, appearing in <i>Greenwich</i> magazine in 2002.<sup id="cite_ref-tot_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tot-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She then posed for a <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Lauren_Corporation" title="Ralph Lauren Corporation">Ralph Lauren</a> campaign with her older sister Mary Grace, and was the face of the <i>Hourglass Adventures</i> novels about a time-traveling 10-year-old.<sup id="cite_ref-tot_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tot-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was the cover model for <i><a href="/wiki/The_It_Girl_(novel)" title="The It Girl (novel)">The It Girl</a></i> (2005), the first novel in the series by <a href="/wiki/Cecily_von_Ziegesar" title="Cecily von Ziegesar">Cecily von Ziegesar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hicks attended <a href="/wiki/Greenwich_High_School" title="Greenwich High School">Greenwich High School</a>, a part of the public Greenwich school system, where she was co-captain of the <a href="/wiki/Lacrosse" title="Lacrosse">lacrosse</a> team and graduated in 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-GQ_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GQ-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ViserTownC11102016_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ViserTownC11102016-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hope_&_Change_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hope_&_Change-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She then attended <a href="/wiki/Southern_Methodist_University" title="Southern Methodist University">Southern Methodist University</a>, where she majored in English and played on a club lacrosse program she helped start. She graduated in 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-tot_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tot-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-GQ_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GQ-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hope_Hicks&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_career">Early career</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hope_Hicks&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hicks began in <a href="/wiki/Public_relations" title="Public relations">public relations</a> with the New York City firm Zeno Group.<sup id="cite_ref-ctpost_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ctpost-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She joined public relations firm <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Hiltzik" title="Matthew Hiltzik">Hiltzik Strategies</a> in 2012, after meeting the firm's founder at a <a href="/wiki/Super_Bowl" title="Super Bowl">Super Bowl</a> event, and worked there for <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a>'s daughter <a href="/wiki/Ivanka_Trump" title="Ivanka Trump">Ivanka Trump</a>, on her fashion line, and then on other Trump ventures.<sup id="cite_ref-GQ_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GQ-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In August 2014, Hicks joined <a href="/wiki/The_Trump_Organization" title="The Trump Organization">the Trump Organization</a> full time.<sup id="cite_ref-wp-one_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wp-one-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She worked for Ivanka Trump inside <a href="/wiki/Trump_Tower" title="Trump Tower">Trump Tower</a>, helping expand her fashion label (the Ivanka Trump Collection) and modeling for her online store.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated9_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated9-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In October 2014, she began working directly for Donald Trump.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Trump_2016_presidential_campaign">Trump 2016 presidential campaign</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hope_Hicks&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Trump 2016 presidential campaign"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In January 2015, Donald Trump chose Hicks, who was 26 at the time, for the role of <a href="/wiki/Press_secretary" title="Press secretary">press secretary</a> for his potential presidential campaign.<sup id="cite_ref-nymag_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nymag-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Trump summoned her to his office and, as she tells it, "Mr. Trump looked at me and said, 'I'm thinking about running for president, and you're going to be my press secretary.<span style="padding-right:.15em;">'</span>"<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated9_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated9-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Until that time, she had never worked in politics or volunteered on a campaign.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated7_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated7-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After Trump's first primary victories, Hicks was asked to choose between staying with the Trump Organization or working on the campaign full time. She initially decided to leave the campaign, but Trump convinced her to remain and she stayed on as press secretary.<sup id="cite_ref-GQ_14-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GQ-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the campaign, she played the role of gatekeeper to press members who wanted to speak with Trump, handling over 250 requests a day and deciding which reporters would be allowed to speak with him.<sup id="cite_ref-cosmo_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cosmo-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated7_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated7-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hicks also took dictation from Trump for his <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">tweets</a>, and then sent the text to another person in the Trump organization who sent the tweets from Trump's official account.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated9_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated9-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When in New York City, she would spend most of her day in Trump's office, handling inquiries from the press and taking dictation from him to tweet.<sup id="cite_ref-nymag_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nymag-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In January 2017, Hicks was included on the <a href="/wiki/Forbes_30_Under_30" title="Forbes 30 Under 30"><i>Forbes</i> 30 Under 30</a> list, having "served as a one-woman press team" for Trump's presidential campaign.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="White_House_Communications_Director">White House Communications Director</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hope_Hicks&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: White House Communications Director"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On December 22, 2016, it was announced that Hicks would become part of the <a href="/wiki/First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="First presidency of Donald Trump">Trump administration</a>, in the newly created position of the <a href="/wiki/White_House_Director_of_Strategic_Communications" title="White House Director of Strategic Communications">White House director of strategic communications</a>. </p><p>On August 16, 2017, she was appointed as the interim <a href="/wiki/White_House_Communications_Director" title="White House Communications Director">White House communications director</a> (the last director having been <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Scaramucci" title="Anthony Scaramucci">Anthony Scaramucci</a>). <i><a href="/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a></i> labeled her the "Untouchable Hope Hicks," as she was considered one of the few White House officials whose job was safe, and one of only two White House communications officials Scaramucci had announced were definitely staying when he was first hired.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was appointed permanent White House communications director on September 12, 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On February 27, 2018, Hicks gave nine hours of closed-door testimony to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Permanent_Select_Committee_on_Intelligence" title="United States House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence">House Intelligence Committee</a>. She acknowledged that she sometimes had to tell "white lies" in her work as communications director, but refused to answer any questions about her tenure in the White House.<sup id="cite_ref-cnnWhiteLies_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnnWhiteLies-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The next day the White House confirmed to <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> that Hicks planned to resign.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to "multiple sources," she had been planning to resign for months, and her announcement was unrelated to the events of the preceding 24 hours.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She officially resigned on March 29, 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fox_Corporation">Fox Corporation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hope_Hicks&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Fox Corporation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Between March 2018 and March 2020, Hicks was <a href="/wiki/Fox_Corporation" title="Fox Corporation">Fox Corporation</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Chief_communications_officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief communications officer">chief communications officer</a> and executive vice president.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FoxHiopeHicksBio_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FoxHiopeHicksBio-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During this time, she made over $1.8 million.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_the_news,_2019"><span id="In_the_news.2C_2019"></span>In the news, 2019</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hope_Hicks&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: In the news, 2019"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On March 4, 2019, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_the_Judiciary" title="United States House Committee on the Judiciary">House Judiciary Committee</a> sent a letter to Hicks requesting information regarding alleged obstruction of justice by the current administration.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (She was mentioned over 180 times in <a href="/wiki/Mueller_Report" class="mw-redirect" title="Mueller Report">Robert Mueller's report</a> on Russian election interference and possible obstruction of justice; the report was released on April 18, 2019.)<sup id="cite_ref-:0_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Committee subpoenaed documents and her testimony on May 21, 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On June 4, 2019, the Trump White House invoked executive privilege, directing Hicks not to provide any documents related to her employment in the Trump administration.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She agreed to testify in a closed-door session on June 19, 2019,<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> during which lawyers for the Trump administration forbade Hicks from answering questions 155 times, claiming that due to "absolute immunity," Hicks "may not speak about anything that occurred during the time of her employment in the White House as a close adviser to the president."<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hicks testified on the scheduled date, and also complied with the White House request to not answer questions.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On July 18, 2019, unredacted search warrant documents from the <a href="/wiki/Michael_Cohen_(lawyer)" title="Michael Cohen (lawyer)">Michael Cohen</a> criminal case were released, and it appeared a strong possibility that Hicks had known about hush payments made by Michael Cohen on behalf of Donald Trump before the dates she had previously claimed.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Counselor_to_the_President">Counselor to the President</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hope_Hicks&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Counselor to the President"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kevin_McCarthy,_Dan_Scavino,_Jared_Kushner_and_Hope_Hicks_during_the_MAGA_campaign.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Kevin_McCarthy%2C_Dan_Scavino%2C_Jared_Kushner_and_Hope_Hicks_during_the_MAGA_campaign.jpg/220px-Kevin_McCarthy%2C_Dan_Scavino%2C_Jared_Kushner_and_Hope_Hicks_during_the_MAGA_campaign.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Kevin_McCarthy%2C_Dan_Scavino%2C_Jared_Kushner_and_Hope_Hicks_during_the_MAGA_campaign.jpg/330px-Kevin_McCarthy%2C_Dan_Scavino%2C_Jared_Kushner_and_Hope_Hicks_during_the_MAGA_campaign.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Kevin_McCarthy%2C_Dan_Scavino%2C_Jared_Kushner_and_Hope_Hicks_during_the_MAGA_campaign.jpg/440px-Kevin_McCarthy%2C_Dan_Scavino%2C_Jared_Kushner_and_Hope_Hicks_during_the_MAGA_campaign.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption>Hicks as an aide to <a href="/wiki/Jared_Kushner" title="Jared Kushner">Jared Kushner</a> with White House deputy chief of staff <a href="/wiki/Dan_Scavino" title="Dan Scavino">Dan Scavino</a> and House minority leader <a href="/wiki/Kevin_McCarthy" title="Kevin McCarthy">Kevin McCarthy</a> during the 2020 presidential campaign</figcaption></figure> <p>In February 2020, it was announced that Hicks would return to the <a href="/wiki/White_House_Office" title="White House Office">White House Office</a> as an aide to <a href="/wiki/Jared_Kushner" title="Jared Kushner">Jared Kushner</a> and counselor to President <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT13Feb2020_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT13Feb2020-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She officially assumed her roles at the White House on March 9.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On June 1, 2020, during the <a href="/wiki/George_Floyd" title="George Floyd">George Floyd</a> protests in Washington, Hicks and others suggested that Trump <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_photo_op_at_St._John%27s_Church" title="Donald Trump photo op at St. John's Church">walk to St. John's Episcopal Church</a> go across the street from the White House to make a public appearance. Law enforcement subsequently used <a href="/wiki/Tear_gas" title="Tear gas">tear gas</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Riot_control" title="Riot control">riot control</a> tactics to forcefully clear peaceful protesters from <a href="/wiki/Lafayette_Square,_Washington,_D.C." title="Lafayette Square, Washington, D.C.">Lafayette Square</a> and surrounding streets, creating a path for President <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> and senior administration officials, including Hicks, to the church.<sup id="cite_ref-Church_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Church-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was later reported Hicks had suggested Trump say a prayer at this appearance, but he held up a Bible instead.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On October 1, 2020, it was announced that <a href="/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak" title="White House COVID-19 outbreak">Hicks had tested positive</a> for <a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Betz_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Betz-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-maskless_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-maskless-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because of her positive test and her recent travels with the president, President Trump and first lady <a href="/wiki/Melania_Trump" title="Melania Trump">Melania Trump</a> were also tested. Hours later, Trump announced that both he and Melania had tested positive and would immediately go into quarantine at the White House.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>The New York Times</i> reported in June 2022 that, in the weeks after the 2020 election Trump insisted had been stolen from him, some of his aides quietly disagreed with him. Hicks advised Trump to move on, leading him to say, "Well, Hope doesn’t believe in me," to which she replied, "No, I don’t. Nobody’s convinced me otherwise." She disappeared from public view in the final weeks of Trump's presidency.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-White_House_testimony">Post-White House testimony</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hope_Hicks&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Post-White House testimony"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On October 25, 2022, Hicks sat for a "transcribed interview" with the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Select_Committee_on_the_January_6_Attack" title="United States House Select Committee on the January 6 Attack">United States House Select Committee on the January 6 Attack</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Part of the interview, which was videotaped, was televised during the committee's December 19, 2022, public hearing. It featured Hicks stating that during a conversation about his legacy, Trump told her "something along the lines of 'nobody will care about my legacy if I lose ... the only thing that matters is winning.'"<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On April 1, 2024, it was reported Hicks would testify for the prosecution in the Trump hush money criminal trial.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On May 3, 2024, she did so.<sup id="cite_ref-hicktestifies_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hicktestifies-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She provided some detail on Trump's relationship with former <a href="/wiki/American_Media_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="American Media Inc.">American Media Inc.</a> head <a href="/wiki/David_Pecker" title="David Pecker">David Pecker</a> during the <a href="/wiki/2016_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2016 Republican Party presidential primaries">2016 Republican Party presidential primaries</a> and also on how Trump wanted his alleged affairs with <a href="/wiki/Stormy_Daniels" title="Stormy Daniels">Stormy Daniels</a> and <a href="/wiki/Karen_McDougal" title="Karen McDougal">Karen McDougal</a> covered up to avoid embarrassment against him and his family in the wake of the <i><a href="/wiki/Access_Hollywood" title="Access Hollywood">Access Hollywood</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_Access_Hollywood_tape" title="Donald Trump Access Hollywood tape">tape release</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-hicktestifies_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hicktestifies-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-accesshollywoodandmore_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-accesshollywoodandmore-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hope_Hicks&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Before Trump's election, Hicks split her time between <a href="/wiki/Greenwich,_Connecticut" title="Greenwich, Connecticut">Greenwich</a> and <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a>. When Trump was elected, she moved to <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a><sup id="cite_ref-Hope_&_Change_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hope_&_Change-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nymag_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nymag-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated7_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated7-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hicks dated <a href="/wiki/Rob_Porter" title="Rob Porter">Rob Porter</a>, former <a href="/wiki/White_House_Office_of_the_Staff_Secretary" title="White House Office of the Staff Secretary">White House staff secretary</a> for <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Donald_J._Trump" class="mw-redirect" title="Donald J. Trump">Donald J. Trump</a>, from 2017 to late 2018; their relationship had ended by December 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In May 2024, Hope Hicks got engaged to <a href="/wiki/Jim_Donovan_(banker)" title="Jim Donovan (banker)">Jim Donovan</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Goldman_Sachs" title="Goldman Sachs">Goldman Sachs</a> investment banker.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hope_Hicks&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFFox2019" class="citation magazine cs1">Fox, Emily Jane (January 22, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2019/01/hope-hicks-west-wing-alum-begins-her-second-act">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Like an alien landed in the middle of Los Angeles": Hope Hicks, West Wing alum, begins her second act on the west coast"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(magazine)" title="Vanity Fair (magazine)">Vanity Fair</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Cond%C3%A9_Nast" title="Condé Nast">Condé Nast</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vanity+Fair&rft.atitle=%22Like+an+alien+landed+in+the+middle+of+Los+Angeles%22%3A+Hope+Hicks%2C+West+Wing+alum%2C+begins+her+second+act+on+the+west+coast&rft.date=2019-01-22&rft.aulast=Fox&rft.aufirst=Emily+Jane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vanityfair.com%2Fnews%2F2019%2F01%2Fhope-hicks-west-wing-alum-begins-her-second-act&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHope+Hicks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaberman2017" class="citation news cs1">Haberman, Maggie (September 12, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.yahoo.com/celebrity/10-things-know-hope-hicks-152314456.html">the original</a> on June 4, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Yahoo%21+News&rft.atitle=14+Things+to+Know+About+Hope+Hicks%2C+Donald+Trump%27s+27-Year-Old+Former+Model+Press+Secretary&rft.date=2016-06-21&rft.aulast=Sebastian&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.yahoo.com%2Fcelebrity%2F10-things-know-hope-hicks-152314456.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHope+Hicks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDill" class="citation news cs1">Dill, Kathryn. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/kathryndill/2017/01/03/meet-the-30-under-30-wholl-be-shaping-law-and-policy-in-trumps-america/">"Meet the 30 Under 30 Who'll be Shaping Law and Policy in Trump's America"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=Meet+the+30+Under+30+Who%27ll+be+Shaping+Law+and+Policy+in+Trump%27s+America&rft.aulast=Dill&rft.aufirst=Kathryn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fkathryndill%2F2017%2F01%2F03%2Fmeet-the-30-under-30-wholl-be-shaping-law-and-policy-in-trumps-america%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHope+Hicks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcBride2017" class="citation web cs1">McBride, Jessica (August 16, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://heavy.com/news/2017/08/hope-hicks-donald-trump-ivanka-melania-relationship-photos-communications-director-married-experience/">"Hope Hicks & Donald Trump: 5 Fast Facts You Need to Know"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Heavy_(website)" title="Heavy (website)">Heavy</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170816160807/http://heavy.com/news/2017/08/hope-hicks-donald-trump-ivanka-melania-relationship-photos-communications-director-married-experience/">Archived</a> from the original on August 16, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hope+Hicks+%26+Donald+Trump%3A+5+Fast+Facts+You+Need+to+Know&rft.pub=Heavy&rft.date=2017-08-16&rft.aulast=McBride&rft.aufirst=Jessica&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fheavy.com%2Fnews%2F2017%2F08%2Fhope-hicks-donald-trump-ivanka-melania-relationship-photos-communications-director-married-experience%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHope+Hicks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBallhaus2017" class="citation web cs1">Ballhaus, Rebecca (September 12, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/hope-hicks-named-white-house-communications-director-after-assuming-role-on-interim-basis-1505231198">"Hope Hicks Named Permanent White House Communications Director"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170912163250/https://www.wsj.com/articles/hope-hicks-named-white-house-communications-director-after-assuming-role-on-interim-basis-1505231198">Archived</a> from the original on September 12, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Hope+Hicks+Named+Permanent+White+House+Communications+Director&rft.date=2017-09-12&rft.aulast=Ballhaus&rft.aufirst=Rebecca&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Fhope-hicks-named-white-house-communications-director-after-assuming-role-on-interim-basis-1505231198&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHope+Hicks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cnnWhiteLies-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cnnWhiteLies_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRajuHerb2018" class="citation news cs1">Raju, Manu; Herb, Jeremy (February 28, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2018/02/26/politics/hope-hicks-house-intelligence-committee/index.html">"Hicks acknowledges white lies, but won't talk White House in testimony"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180227224914/https://www.cnn.com/2018/02/26/politics/hope-hicks-house-intelligence-committee/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 27, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 28,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Hicks+acknowledges+white+lies%2C+but+won%27t+talk+White+House+in+testimony&rft.date=2018-02-28&rft.aulast=Raju&rft.aufirst=Manu&rft.au=Herb%2C+Jeremy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2018%2F02%2F26%2Fpolitics%2Fhope-hicks-house-intelligence-committee%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHope+Hicks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaberman2018" class="citation news cs1">Haberman, Maggie (February 28, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/28/us/politics/hope-hicks-resign-communications-director.html">"Hope Hicks to Resign as White House Communications Director"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180228235634/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/28/us/politics/hope-hicks-resign-communications-director.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 28, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 20,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNBC&rft.atitle=Hope+Hicks+landed+lucrative+gigs+after+her+first+stint+at+the+Trump+White+House&rft.date=2020-08-25&rft.aulast=Schwartz&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2020%2F08%2F25%2Fhope-hicks-landed-lucrative-gigs-after-her-first-stint-at-the-trump-white-house.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHope+Hicks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBertrand2019" class="citation web cs1">Bertrand, Natasha (March 4, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2019/03/nadler-sends-letters-trump-associates-sweeping-probe/584047/">"The House's Latest Move Could Be a Big Threat to Trump's Presidency"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190304194920/https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2019/03/nadler-sends-letters-trump-associates-sweeping-probe/584047/">Archived</a> from the original on March 4, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 4,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft.atitle=The+House%27s+Latest+Move+Could+Be+a+Big+Threat+to+Trump%27s+Presidency&rft.date=2019-03-04&rft.aulast=Bertrand&rft.aufirst=Natasha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Fpolitics%2Farchive%2F2019%2F03%2Fnadler-sends-letters-trump-associates-sweeping-probe%2F584047%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHope+Hicks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBadeFuchs2019" class="citation news cs1">Bade, Rachael; Fuchs, Hailey (June 19, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/powerpost/former-trump-aide-faces-questions-from-house-panel-about-russia-contacts-hush-money-payments/2019/06/19/5f8b60da-9293-11e9-b570-6416efdc0803_story.html">"White House bars former Trump aide from answering questions about her work in administration"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 21,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=Hope+Hicks+stopped+155+times+by+White+House+lawyers+from+answering+lawmakers%27+questions&rft.date=2019-06-21&rft.aulast=Shabad&rft.aufirst=Rebecca&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fpolitics%2Fcongress%2Fdemocrats-release-273-page-transcript-closed-door-interview-hope-hicks-n1020066&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHope+Hicks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStahl2019" class="citation web cs1">Stahl, Jeremy (June 20, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2019/06/hope-hicks-testimony-nancy-pelosi-impeachment-futility.html">"This Passage From Hope Hicks' Testimony Crystallizes the Inanity of the Democrats' Impeachment Stance"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Slate_(website)" class="mw-redirect" title="Slate (website)">Slate</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190621070420/https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2019/06/hope-hicks-testimony-nancy-pelosi-impeachment-futility.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 21, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 21,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Slate&rft.atitle=This+Passage+From+Hope+Hicks%27+Testimony+Crystallizes+the+Inanity+of+the+Democrats%27+Impeachment+Stance&rft.date=2019-06-20&rft.aulast=Stahl&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fslate.com%2Fnews-and-politics%2F2019%2F06%2Fhope-hicks-testimony-nancy-pelosi-impeachment-futility.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHope+Hicks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWang2019" class="citation web cs1">Wang, Christine (June 20, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2019/06/20/congress-releases-270-page-transcript-of-hope-hicks-closed-door-testimony.html">"House Democrats release 270-page transcript of Hope Hicks' closed-door testimony"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNBC" title="CNBC">CNBC</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190621202232/https://www.cnbc.com/2019/06/20/congress-releases-270-page-transcript-of-hope-hicks-closed-door-testimony.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 21, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 27,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNBC&rft.atitle=House+Democrats+release+270-page+transcript+of+Hope+Hicks%27+closed-door+testimony&rft.date=2019-06-20&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=Christine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2019%2F06%2F20%2Fcongress-releases-270-page-transcript-of-hope-hicks-closed-door-testimony.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHope+Hicks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStieb2019" class="citation web cs1">Stieb, Matt (June 20, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nymag.com/intelligencer/2019/06/six-takeaways-from-hope-hicks-house-judiciary-testimony.html">"Six Takeaways From Hope Hicks's House Judiciary Testimony"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_(magazine)" title="New York (magazine)">New York Intelligencer</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190624031402/http://nymag.com/intelligencer/2019/06/six-takeaways-from-hope-hicks-house-judiciary-testimony.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 24, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 27,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+York+Intelligencer&rft.atitle=Six+Takeaways+From+Hope+Hicks%27s+House+Judiciary+Testimony&rft.date=2019-06-20&rft.aulast=Stieb&rft.aufirst=Matt&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnymag.com%2Fintelligencer%2F2019%2F06%2Fsix-takeaways-from-hope-hicks-house-judiciary-testimony.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHope+Hicks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.salon.com/2019/06/20/hope-hicks-dodges-questions-from-house-democrats-its-a-farce/">"Hope Hicks dodges questions from House Democrats: "It's a farce"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Salon.com" title="Salon.com">Salon</a></i>. June 20, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190627000035/https://www.salon.com/2019/06/20/hope-hicks-dodges-questions-from-house-democrats-its-a-farce/">Archived</a> from the original on June 27, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 27,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Salon&rft.atitle=Hope+Hicks+dodges+questions+from+House+Democrats%3A+%22It%27s+a+farce%22&rft.date=2019-06-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.salon.com%2F2019%2F06%2F20%2Fhope-hicks-dodges-questions-from-house-democrats-its-a-farce%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHope+Hicks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/videos/politics/2019/06/20/hope-hicks-testimony-transcript-tsr-raju-sot-vpx.cnn">"Hope Hicks' House committee testimony released"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></i>. June 20, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190624215255/https://edition.cnn.com/videos/politics/2019/06/20/hope-hicks-testimony-transcript-tsr-raju-sot-vpx.cnn">Archived</a> from the original on June 24, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 27,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Hope+Hicks%27+House+committee+testimony+released&rft.date=2019-06-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2Fvideos%2Fpolitics%2F2019%2F06%2F20%2Fhope-hicks-testimony-transcript-tsr-raju-sot-vpx.cnn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHope+Hicks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/US/cohen-documents-reveal-series-calls-trump-team-national/story?id=64414673">"New Cohen documents reveal calls with Trump, Enquirer publisher before payment"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(United_States)" title="ABC News (United States)">ABC News</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190718160754/https://abcnews.go.com/US/cohen-documents-reveal-series-calls-trump-team-national/story?id=64414673">Archived</a> from the original on July 18, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 18,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=New+Cohen+documents+reveal+calls+with+Trump%2C+Enquirer+publisher+before+payment&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FUS%2Fcohen-documents-reveal-series-calls-trump-team-national%2Fstory%3Fid%3D64414673&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHope+Hicks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCookMcGraw2020" class="citation news cs1">Cook, Nancy; McGraw, Meredith (April 27, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/news/2020/04/27/trump-hope-hicks-coronavirus-crisis-210808">"Trump looks to Hope Hicks as coronavirus crisis spills over"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200427120115/https://www.politico.com/news/2020/04/27/trump-hope-hicks-coronavirus-crisis-210808">Archived</a> from the original on April 27, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 27,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=Trump+looks+to+Hope+Hicks+as+coronavirus+crisis+spills+over&rft.date=2020-04-27&rft.aulast=Cook&rft.aufirst=Nancy&rft.au=McGraw%2C+Meredith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fnews%2F2020%2F04%2F27%2Ftrump-hope-hicks-coronavirus-crisis-210808&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHope+Hicks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Church-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Church_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRogers,_Katie2020" class="citation news cs1">Rogers, Katie (June 1, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/01/us/politics/trump-st-johns-church-bible.html">"Protesters Dispersed With Tear Gas So Trump Could Pose at Church"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200603002058/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/01/us/politics/trump-st-johns-church-bible.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 3, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 2,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Protesters+Dispersed+With+Tear+Gas+So+Trump+Could+Pose+at+Church&rft.date=2020-06-01&rft.au=Rogers%2C+Katie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2020%2F06%2F01%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Ftrump-st-johns-church-bible.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHope+Hicks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEllisonDawsey" class="citation web cs1">Ellison, Sarah; Dawsey, Josh. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/hope-hicks-job-coronavirus-trump-covid/2020/10/09/e73f97e6-0806-11eb-9be6-cf25fb429f1a_story.html">"Hope Hicks returned to the White House to pull Trump across the finish line. Then coronavirus hit"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 22,</span> 2020</span> – via www.washingtonpost.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hope+Hicks+returned+to+the+White+House+to+pull+Trump+across+the+finish+line.+Then+coronavirus+hit.&rft.aulast=Ellison&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft.au=Dawsey%2C+Josh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Flifestyle%2Fhope-hicks-job-coronavirus-trump-covid%2F2020%2F10%2F09%2Fe73f97e6-0806-11eb-9be6-cf25fb429f1a_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHope+Hicks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Betz-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Betz_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBetz2020" class="citation web cs1">Betz, Bradford (October 1, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foxnews.com/politics/white-house-aide-hope-hicks-tests-positive-for-coronavirus">"White House aide Hope Hicks tests positive for coronavirus"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Fox_News" title="Fox News">Fox News</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 2,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fox+News&rft.atitle=White+House+aide+Hope+Hicks+tests+positive+for+coronavirus&rft.date=2020-10-01&rft.aulast=Betz&rft.aufirst=Bradford&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxnews.com%2Fpolitics%2Fwhite-house-aide-hope-hicks-tests-positive-for-coronavirus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHope+Hicks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-maskless-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-maskless_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCollinsAcosta2020" class="citation web cs1">Collins, Kaitlan; Acosta, Jim (October 2, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2020/10/01/politics/hope-hicks-positive-coronavirus/index.html">"Close Trump adviser Hope Hicks tests positive for coronavirus, sources say"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 2,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Close+Trump+adviser+Hope+Hicks+tests+positive+for+coronavirus%2C+sources+say&rft.date=2020-10-02&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=Kaitlan&rft.au=Acosta%2C+Jim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2020%2F10%2F01%2Fpolitics%2Fhope-hicks-positive-coronavirus%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHope+Hicks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDawseyItkowitz" class="citation news cs1">Dawsey, Josh; Itkowitz, Colby. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/hope-hicks-close-trump-aide-tests-positive-for-coronavirus/2020/10/01/af238f7c-0444-11eb-897d-3a6201d6643f_story.html">"Trump begins quarantine as close aide Hope Hicks tests positive for coronavirus"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0190-8286">0190-8286</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 2,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Trump+begins+quarantine+as+close+aide+Hope+Hicks+tests+positive+for+coronavirus&rft.issn=0190-8286&rft.aulast=Dawsey&rft.aufirst=Josh&rft.au=Itkowitz%2C+Colby&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fpolitics%2Fhope-hicks-close-trump-aide-tests-positive-for-coronavirus%2F2020%2F10%2F01%2Faf238f7c-0444-11eb-897d-3a6201d6643f_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHope+Hicks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVella2020" class="citation web cs1">Vella, Lauren (October 1, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/519281-trump-first-lady-to-quarantine-after-top-aide-tests-positive-for">"Trump, first lady to quarantine after top aide tests positive for coronavirus"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hill_(newspaper)" title="The Hill (newspaper)">The Hill</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 2,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Hill&rft.atitle=Trump%2C+first+lady+to+quarantine+after+top+aide+tests+positive+for+coronavirus&rft.date=2020-10-01&rft.aulast=Vella&rft.aufirst=Lauren&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthehill.com%2Fhomenews%2Fadministration%2F519281-trump-first-lady-to-quarantine-after-top-aide-tests-positive-for&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHope+Hicks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMason2020" class="citation news cs1">Mason, Jeff (October 2, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/health-coronavirus-usa-hicks-int-idUSKBN26N0FV">"Trump starts "quarantine process" after aide Hope Hicks tests positive for coronavirus"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 2,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Trump+starts+%22quarantine+process%22+after+aide+Hope+Hicks+tests+positive+for+coronavirus&rft.date=2020-10-02&rft.aulast=Mason&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fhealth-coronavirus-usa-hicks-int-idUSKBN26N0FV&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHope+Hicks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaker2022" class="citation news cs1">Baker, Peter (June 8, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/08/us/politics/jared-kushner-trump-jan-6.html">"How Jared Kushner Washed His Hands of Donald Trump Before Jan. 6"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=How+Jared+Kushner+Washed+His+Hands+of+Donald+Trump+Before+Jan.+6&rft.date=2022-06-08&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2022%2F06%2F08%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Fjared-kushner-trump-jan-6.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHope+Hicks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/congress/hope-hicks-longtime-former-trump-aide-interviewing-jan-6-committee-rcna53917">"Hope Hicks, a longtime Trump aide, interviewing with Jan. 6 committee"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/NBC_News" title="NBC News">NBC News</a></i>. October 25, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=Hope+Hicks%2C+a+longtime+Trump+aide%2C+interviewing+with+Jan.+6+committee&rft.date=2022-10-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fpolitics%2Fcongress%2Fhope-hicks-longtime-former-trump-aide-interviewing-jan-6-committee-rcna53917&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHope+Hicks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2022/10/25/politics/hope-hicks-january-6-committee-meeting/index.html">"Top Trump aide Hope Hicks meets with January 6 committee | CNN Politics"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></i>. October 25, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Top+Trump+aide+Hope+Hicks+meets+with+January+6+committee+%26%23124%3B+CNN+Politics&rft.date=2022-10-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2022%2F10%2F25%2Fpolitics%2Fhope-hicks-january-6-committee-meeting%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHope+Hicks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn2022" class="citation news cs1">John, Arit (December 19, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/politics/story/2022-12-19/takeaways-from-the-final-jan-6-hearing">"Criminal referrals, witness tampering, Hicks testimony: Key takeaways from the final Jan. 6 hearing"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 19,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Criminal+referrals%2C+witness+tampering%2C+Hicks+testimony%3A+Key+takeaways+from+the+final+Jan.+6+hearing&rft.date=2022-12-19&rft.aulast=John&rft.aufirst=Arit&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fpolitics%2Fstory%2F2022-12-19%2Ftakeaways-from-the-final-jan-6-hearing&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHope+Hicks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2022/12/hope-hicks-donald-trump-january-6-hearing-criminal-charges">"Hope Hicks Shows Up to Twist the Knife as 1/6 Committee Implores the DOJ to Prosecute Donald Trump"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(magazine)" title="Vanity Fair (magazine)">Vanity Fair</a>. December 19, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hope+Hicks+Shows+Up+to+Twist+the+Knife+as+1%2F6+Committee+Implores+the+DOJ+to+Prosecute+Donald+Trump&rft.pub=Vanity+Fair&rft.date=2022-12-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vanityfair.com%2Fnews%2F2022%2F12%2Fhope-hicks-donald-trump-january-6-hearing-criminal-charges&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHope+Hicks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.msnbc.com/chris-jansing-reports/watch/-remains-to-be-seen-how-hope-hicks-will-testify-in-trump-s-hush-money-trial-208086597539">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Remains to be seen' how Hope Hicks will testify in Trump's hush money trial"</a>. <i>MSNBC.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 1,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MSNBC.com&rft.atitle=%27Remains+to+be+seen%27+how+Hope+Hicks+will+testify+in+Trump%27s+hush+money+trial&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.msnbc.com%2Fchris-jansing-reports%2Fwatch%2F-remains-to-be-seen-how-hope-hicks-will-testify-in-trump-s-hush-money-trial-208086597539&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHope+Hicks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hicktestifies-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hicktestifies_64-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hicktestifies_64-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/donald-trump/live-blog/trump-hush-money-trial-day-11-live-updates-rcna149908/rcrd40769?canonicalCard=true">"Hush money trial live updates: Former Trump senior aide Hope Hicks takes the witness stand"</a>. NBC News. May 3, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Hush+money+trial+live+updates%3A+Former+Trump+senior+aide+Hope+Hicks+takes+the+witness+stand&rft.date=2024-05-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fpolitics%2Fdonald-trump%2Flive-blog%2Ftrump-hush-money-trial-day-11-live-updates-rcna149908%2Frcrd40769%3FcanonicalCard%3Dtrue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHope+Hicks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-accesshollywoodandmore-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-accesshollywoodandmore_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQueenPiersonSullivan2024" class="citation web cs1">Queen, Jack; Pierson, Brendan; Sullivan, Andy (May 3, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/us/trump-trial-hears-michael-cohen-was-despondent-he-was-denied-government-post-2024-05-03/">"Former Trump aide Hope Hicks testifies 'Access Hollywood' tape roiled campaign"</a>. <i>Reuters</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 3,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Former+Trump+aide+Hope+Hicks+testifies+%27Access+Hollywood%27+tape+roiled+campaign&rft.date=2024-05-03&rft.aulast=Queen&rft.aufirst=Jack&rft.au=Pierson%2C+Brendan&rft.au=Sullivan%2C+Andy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fus%2Ftrump-trial-hears-michael-cohen-was-despondent-he-was-denied-government-post-2024-05-03%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHope+Hicks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/amp/news/rob-porter-hope-hicks-boyfriend-white-house-aide-resigning-amid-abuse-allegations/">"White House aide Rob Porter resigning amid abuse allegations"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBS_News" title="CBS News">CBS News</a>. February 8, 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180208000559/https://www.cbsnews.com/amp/news/rob-porter-hope-hicks-boyfriend-white-house-aide-resigning-amid-abuse-allegations/">Archived</a> from the original on February 8, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 8,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=White+House+aide+Rob+Porter+resigning+amid+abuse+allegations&rft.date=2018-02-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Famp%2Fnews%2Frob-porter-hope-hicks-boyfriend-white-house-aide-resigning-amid-abuse-allegations%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHope+Hicks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNathan2024" class="citation web cs1">Nathan, Sara (May 4, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pagesix.com/2024/05/03/gossip/hope-hicks-engaged-to-goldman-sachs-exec-jim-donovan/">"Hope Hicks engaged to Goldman Sachs exec Jim Donovan"</a>. <i>Page Six</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 9,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Page+Six&rft.atitle=Hope+Hicks+engaged+to+Goldman+Sachs+exec+Jim+Donovan&rft.date=2024-05-04&rft.aulast=Nathan&rft.aufirst=Sara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpagesix.com%2F2024%2F05%2F03%2Fgossip%2Fhope-hicks-engaged-to-goldman-sachs-exec-jim-donovan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHope+Hicks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurphy2024" class="citation web cs1">Murphy, Mathew (May 4, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thedailybeast.com/hope-hicks-35-engaged-to-goldman-sachs-boss-jim-donovan-58-report">"Hope Hicks, 35, Engaged to Goldman Sachs Boss, 58: Report"</a>. <i>The Daily Beast</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 9,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Beast&rft.atitle=Hope+Hicks%2C+35%2C+Engaged+to+Goldman+Sachs+Boss%2C+58%3A+Report&rft.date=2024-05-04&rft.aulast=Murphy&rft.aufirst=Mathew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedailybeast.com%2Fhope-hicks-35-engaged-to-goldman-sachs-boss-jim-donovan-58-report&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHope+Hicks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hope_Hicks&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Hope_Hicks" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Hope Hicks">Hope Hicks</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ballotpedia.org/Hope_Hicks">Hope Hicks</a> at <a href="/wiki/Ballotpedia" title="Ballotpedia">Ballotpedia</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/person/?106261">Appearances</a> on <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></li> <li>Cirillo, Chris (December 9, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/video/us/politics/100000005594976/hope-hicks-seen-but-not-heard.html">"Hope Hicks: Seen but Not Heard"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>.</li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Scaramucci" title="Anthony Scaramucci">Anthony Scaramucci</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/White_House_Communications_Director" title="White House Communications Director">White House Director of Communications</a> </b><br />2017–2018 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Shine" title="Bill Shine">Bill Shine</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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