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Tutwiler</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Margaret Tutwiler</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Tutwilermd_175.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Tutwilermd_175.jpg/220px-Tutwilermd_175.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Tutwilermd_175.jpg/330px-Tutwilermd_175.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Tutwilermd_175.jpg/440px-Tutwilermd_175.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="840" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">3rd <a href="/wiki/Under_Secretary_of_State_for_Public_Diplomacy_and_Public_Affairs" title="Under Secretary of State for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs">Under Secretary of State for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />December 16, 2003 – June 16, 2004</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Beers" title="Charlotte Beers">Charlotte Beers</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Karen_Hughes" title="Karen Hughes">Karen Hughes</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_Morocco" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Ambassador to Morocco">United States Ambassador to Morocco</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />August 7, 2001 – August 22, 2003</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Edward_M._Gabriel" title="Edward M. Gabriel">Edward M. Gabriel</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_T._Riley" title="Thomas T. Riley">Thomas T. Riley</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/White_House_Communications_Director" title="White House Communications Director">White House Director of Communications</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />August 23, 1992 – January 20, 1993</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/David_Demarest_(politician)" title="David Demarest (politician)">David Demarest</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_Stephanopoulos" title="George Stephanopoulos">George Stephanopoulos</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">21st <a href="/wiki/Assistant_Secretary_of_State_for_Public_Affairs" title="Assistant Secretary of State for Public Affairs">Assistant Secretary of State for Public Affairs</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />March 3, 1989 – August 23, 1992</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Charles_E._Redman" title="Charles E. Redman">Charles E. Redman</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_E._Donilon" title="Thomas E. Donilon">Thomas E. Donilon</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">13th <a href="/wiki/Spokesperson_for_the_United_States_Department_of_State" title="Spokesperson for the United States Department of State">Spokesperson for the United States Department of State</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />March 3, 1989 – August 23, 1992</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Charles_E._Redman" title="Charles E. Redman">Charles E. Redman</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Boucher" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Boucher">Richard Boucher</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/White_House_Political_Director" title="White House Political Director">White House Director of Political Affairs</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><div class="skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="width:100%; margin:0; color: black; background-color: lavender"><b>Acting</b></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />July 23, 1984 – February 5, 1985</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ed_Rollins" title="Ed Rollins">Ed Rollins</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ed_Rollins" title="Ed Rollins">Ed Rollins</a> (Political and <a href="/wiki/White_House_Office_of_Intergovernmental_Affairs" title="White House Office of Intergovernmental Affairs">Intergovernmental Affairs</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Bill_Lacy_(political_operative)" title="Bill Lacy (political operative)">Bill Lacy</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Margaret DeBardeleben Tutwiler</div><br /><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1950-12-28</span>) </span>December 28, 1950<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 73)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Birmingham,_Alabama" title="Birmingham, Alabama">Birmingham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">Alabama</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Finch_College" title="Finch College">Finch College</a><br /><a href="/wiki/University_of_Alabama" title="University of Alabama">University of Alabama</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">BA</a>)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Margaret DeBardeleben Tutwiler</b> (born December 28, 1950) is an American politician who has served multiple different positions within the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_State" title="United States Department of State">United States Department of State</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_career">Early life and career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Margaret_D._Tutwiler&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tutwiler was born in <a href="/wiki/Birmingham,_Alabama" title="Birmingham, Alabama">Birmingham, Alabama</a>, the daughter of Temple Tutwiler II and Margaret (DeBardeleben) Tutwiler.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She attended <a href="/wiki/Finch_College" title="Finch College">Finch College</a> in Manhattan and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Alabama" title="University of Alabama">University of Alabama</a>. She was offered a job as the secretary of the chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Alabama_Republican_Party" title="Alabama Republican Party">Alabama Republican Party</a> following her graduation.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At age 26, she worked under <a href="/wiki/James_A._Baker_III" class="mw-redirect" title="James A. Baker III">James A. Baker III</a> in <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford">Gerald Ford</a>’s unsuccessful 1976 presidential campaign.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1980, she was one of a team of relatively younger aides assembled by Baker to run Bush’s campaign for the presidential nomination.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When Bush lost the nomination to <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a>, Reagan tapped Baker to run his presidential campaign, and Baker brought Tutwiler with him to the campaign.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reagan_White_House">Reagan White House</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Margaret_D._Tutwiler&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Reagan White House"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When Reagan won the presidency and Baker became <a href="/wiki/White_House_Chief_of_Staff" title="White House Chief of Staff">White House Chief of Staff</a>, Tutwiler asked to accompany him, saying, "Until we figure it out, can’t I just be your jack of all trades?"<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Once they were ensconced in the White House, one of Tutwiler's duties was to return phone calls from members of congress, or the press, if Baker could not himself return the call.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gradually, Tutwiler became known as Baker's right hand and alter ego.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the run-up to the 1984 election, Baker installed Tutwiler as liaison at Reagan's re-election campaign, in part to keep an eye on <a href="/wiki/Ed_Rollins" title="Ed Rollins">Ed Rollins</a>, who had left his position as Assistant to the President for Political Affairs and became chair of the campaign, and who was critical of Baker.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 1985, after Reagan won the 1984 election, he appointed Baker as <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_the_Treasury" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of the Treasury">Secretary of the Treasury</a>, and Baker took his White House team with him to the Treasury, where Tutwiler became Baker's chief political assistant, initially holding the position of Assistant Secretary For Public Affairs.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="H.W._Bush_White_House">H.W. Bush White House</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Margaret_D._Tutwiler&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: H.W. Bush White House"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1989, after <a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a> was elected president, Baker became <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a>, and Tutwiler moved with him to the <a href="/wiki/State_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="State Department">State Department</a> as <a href="/wiki/Assistant_Secretary_of_State_for_Public_Affairs" title="Assistant Secretary of State for Public Affairs">Assistant Secretary of State for Public Affairs</a>—although she had to be convinced to take the position, because it involved daily briefings on matters with which she was not yet familiar.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In June 1989, when protests erupted in Beijing's Tiananmen Square, the Bush administration was concerned that a strong condemnation from the U.S. might damage the rapprochement with China which had begun during the Nixon administration, and impair the ability of the U.S. to use China as a counterweight in its geopolitical struggle with the Soviet Union.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs, Tutwiler was in charge of press and public briefings conducted by the State Department's <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Public_Affairs" title="Bureau of Public Affairs">Bureau of Public Affairs</a>. She objected to the administration's position regarding the protests, and urged Baker to speak out against the Chinese government's crackdown on protesters.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Initially, she refused to conduct briefings supporting the administration's position. To overcome her scruples, Baker had to personally insist that she conduct the briefings.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It was Tutwiler who urged Baker to invite Soviet <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Minister" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign Minister">Foreign Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Eduard_Shevardnadze" title="Eduard Shevardnadze">Eduard Shevardnadze</a> to accompany him on a trip to his ranch in Wyoming, which would provide an opportunity for the two men to become better acquainted. The trip took place in September, 1989.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>President Bush met Soviet <a href="/wiki/General_Secretary" class="mw-redirect" title="General Secretary">General Secretary</a> <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Mikhail Gorbachev</a> for a summit in <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a> on December 2–3, 1989. Tutwiler was part of the State Department party who travelled to Malta for the summit.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On August 13, 1992, President Bush announced that Baker was leaving the State Department, and returning to the <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a> as <a href="/wiki/White_House_Chief_of_Staff" title="White House Chief of Staff">White House Chief of Staff</a>, and would run Bush's re-election campaign.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tutwiler was one of the advisers who moved back to the White House with him.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After Bush lost his bid for re-election, <a href="/wiki/William_Barr" title="William Barr">William Barr</a>, then the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney_General" title="United States Attorney General">Attorney General</a>, appointed a special prosecutor to investigate whether the Bush campaign had sought information from <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a>'s passport files.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> No charges were filed, but Tutwiler and other aides had to find lawyers to represent them during the investigation.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1996, Baker considered running for president against Clinton.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of the people from whom he sought advice on whether to run was Tutwiler.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tutwiler also read and critiqued drafts of Baker's memoir.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="2000_election_and_W._Bush_White_House">2000 election and W. Bush White House</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Margaret_D._Tutwiler&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 2000 election and W. Bush White House"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When the result of the <a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_Florida" title="2000 United States presidential election in Florida">2000 United States presidential election in Florida</a> was in doubt, Baker became the head of the <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a>'s legal team in the state.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of the first things Baker did was to phone Tutwiler and ask her to mobilize his aides and go to Florida.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tutwiler was installed in a corner office near Baker's office in the state Republican Party building.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On August 25, 2002, prior to the second Iraq war, the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a> published a column by Baker urging the President to seek a <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council" title="United Nations Security Council">United Nations Security Council</a> resolution authorizing the use of force to compel Iraq to submit to international inspection.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tutwiler urged Baker to take a harder line against a war, but Baker declined to publicly criticize the approach taken by the <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the administration of <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a>, Tutwiler was Ambassador to <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a> from March 2001 until 2003, when she became <a href="/wiki/Under_Secretary_for_Public_Diplomacy_and_Public_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Under Secretary for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs">Under Secretary for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs</a>, serving from December 16, 2003, to June 30, 2004. She was confirmed by the U.S. Senate on December 9, 2003, to replace outgoing Under Secretary Charlotte Beers. Tutwiler was given the task of leading "the government's public-relations drive to build a favorable impression abroad."<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Private_sector_work">Private sector work</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Margaret_D._Tutwiler&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Private sector work"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In July 2004, she began directing communications for <a href="/wiki/NYSE_Euronext" title="NYSE Euronext">NYSE Euronext</a>. Her boss at the NYSE, <a href="/wiki/John_Thain" title="John Thain">John Thain</a>, later brought her on board as head of communications at <a href="/wiki/Merrill_Lynch" class="mw-redirect" title="Merrill Lynch">Merrill Lynch</a> in December 2007 and then at <a href="/wiki/CIT_Group" title="CIT Group">CIT Group</a> in August 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tutwiler is a member of the board of directors of the <a href="/wiki/International_Republican_Institute" title="International Republican Institute">International Republican Institute</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Margaret_D._Tutwiler&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160301194518/http://www.archives.alabama.gov/famous/academy/m_tutwil.html">"Welcome to the Alabama Academy of Honor"</a>. <i>Archives.alabama.gov</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archives.alabama.gov/famous/academy/m_tutwil.html">the original</a> on March 1, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 2,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Archives.alabama.gov&rft.atitle=Welcome+to+the+Alabama+Academy+of+Honor&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.archives.alabama.gov%2Ffamous%2Facademy%2Fm_tutwil.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+D.+Tutwiler" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKilborn1985" class="citation news cs1">Kilborn, Peter T. (December 6, 1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1985/12/06/us/working-profile-margaret-d-tutwiler-the-political-key-to-the-treasury.html">"Working Profile: Margaret D. Tutwiler; The Political Key to the Treasury"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 29,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Working+Profile%3A+Margaret+D.+Tutwiler%3B+The+Political+Key+to+the+Treasury&rft.date=1985-12-06&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Kilborn&rft.aufirst=Peter+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1985%2F12%2F06%2Fus%2Fworking-profile-margaret-d-tutwiler-the-political-key-to-the-treasury.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+D.+Tutwiler" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Baker, Peter, and Glasser, Susan, 2020, The Man Who Ran Washington, Doubleday, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780385540551" title="Special:BookSources/9780385540551">9780385540551</a>, p. 107.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/james-baker-master-of-a-bygone-washington/2020/09/30/84218db0-ff53-11ea-8d05-9beaaa91c71f_story.html">"Review | James Baker, master of a bygone Washington"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>. October 1, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201231025642/https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/james-baker-master-of-a-bygone-washington/2020/09/30/84218db0-ff53-11ea-8d05-9beaaa91c71f_story.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 31, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Review+%7C+James+Baker%2C+master+of+a+bygone+Washington&rft.date=2020-10-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Foutlook%2Fjames-baker-master-of-a-bygone-washington%2F2020%2F09%2F30%2F84218db0-ff53-11ea-8d05-9beaaa91c71f_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+D.+Tutwiler" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Id., at p. 107</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Id., at p. 123</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Id. at p. 137</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Id., at p. 161</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Id., at p. 231</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Id., at p. 231</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Id., at p. 251</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Id., at p. 251</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Id., at p. 348.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Id., at p. 349.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See Note 9, above.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Id., at p. 352.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Id., at p. 364.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Id., at p. 494</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Id., at p. 497</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Id., at p. 512</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Id., at p. 513</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Id., at p. 521</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Id., at p. 524</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Id., at p. 526</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Id., at p. 532</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Id., at p. 533</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Id., at p. 540</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Id., at p. 555</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Id., at p. 556</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHenry2010" class="citation web cs1">Henry, David (August 2, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2010-08-02/cit-group-s-thain-hires-ex-presidential-aide-tutwiler-for-communications.html">"CIT Group's Thain Hires Ex-Presidential Aide Tutwiler for Communications"</a>. <i>Bloomberg</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 23,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg&rft.atitle=CIT+Group%27s+Thain+Hires+Ex-Presidential+Aide+Tutwiler+for+Communications&rft.date=2010-08-02&rft.aulast=Henry&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2F2010-08-02%2Fcit-group-s-thain-hires-ex-presidential-aide-tutwiler-for-communications.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+D.+Tutwiler" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iri.org/learn-more-about-iri/board-directors-and-officers">Profile</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100428062156/http://www.iri.org/learn-more-about-iri/board-directors-and-officers">Archived</a> April 28, 2010, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, International Republican Institute website; accessed July 16, 2010.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Margaret_D._Tutwiler&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-External_links plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-external_links" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article's <b>use of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links" title="Wikipedia:External links">external links</a> may not follow Wikipedia's policies or guidelines</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Margaret_D._Tutwiler&action=edit">improve this article</a> by removing <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_mirror_or_a_repository_of_links,_images,_or_media_files" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not">excessive</a> or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links" title="Wikipedia:External links">inappropriate</a> external links, and converting useful links where appropriate into <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">footnote references</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2018</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/person/?8623">Appearances</a> on <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arks.princeton.edu/ark:/88435/hq37vn67p">Margaret Tutwiler Diaries</a> at the Seeley G. Mudd Manuscript Library, <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wiki.uscpublicdiplomacy.com:16080/mediawiki/index.php/Margaret_Tutwiler">USC Center on Public Diplomacy Profile</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged June 2017">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.mss/mfdip.2004tut03">Interview</a> in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/collections/diplomacy/">Frontline Diplomacy: The Foreign Affairs Oral History Collection of the Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archives.state.al.us/famous/Academy/m_tutwil.html">Profile in the Alabama Academy of Honor</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080201062311/http://www.archives.state.al.us/famous/Academy/m_tutwil.html">Archived</a> February 1, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arks.princeton.edu/ark:/88435/hq37vn67p">Margaret Tutwiler's diaries from her time as State Department Spokesman and Assistant Secretary of State for Public Affairs under Secretary of State James Baker at Mudd Manuscript Library, Princeton University</a>.</li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="2">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Ed_Rollins" title="Ed Rollins">Ed Rollins</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="2"><b> <a href="/wiki/White_House_Political_Director" title="White House Political Director">White House Director of Political Affairs</a><br />Acting </b><br />1984–1985 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Ed_Rollins" title="Ed Rollins">Ed Rollins</a></div><i><b>as White House Director of Political and <a href="/wiki/White_House_Office_of_Intergovernmental_Affairs" title="White House Office of Intergovernmental Affairs">Intergovernmental Affairs</a> </b></i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Lacy_(political_operative)" title="Bill Lacy (political operative)">Bill Lacy</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="2">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Charles_E._Redman" title="Charles E. Redman">Charles Redman</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Spokesperson_for_the_United_States_Department_of_State" title="Spokesperson for the United States Department of State">Spokesperson for the United States Department of State</a> </b><br />1989–1992 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Boucher" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Boucher">Richard Boucher</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Assistant_Secretary_of_State_for_Public_Affairs" title="Assistant Secretary of State for Public Affairs">Assistant Secretary of State for Public Affairs</a> </b><br />1989–1992 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_E._Donilon" title="Thomas E. Donilon">Tom Donilon</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/David_Demarest_(politician)" title="David Demarest (politician)">David Demarest</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/White_House_Communications_Director" title="White House Communications Director">White House Director of Communications</a> </b><br />1992–1993 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/George_Stephanopoulos" title="George Stephanopoulos">George Stephanopoulos</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Beers" title="Charlotte Beers">Charlotte Beers</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Under_Secretary_of_State_for_Public_Diplomacy_and_Public_Affairs" title="Under Secretary of State for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs">Undersecretary of State for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs</a> </b><br />2003–2004 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Karen_Hughes" title="Karen Hughes">Karen Hughes</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FACEFF;">Diplomatic posts </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Edward_M._Gabriel" title="Edward M. Gabriel">Edward Gabriel</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_Morocco" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Ambassador to Morocco">United States Ambassador to Morocco</a> </b><br />2001–2003 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_T._Riley" title="Thomas T. Riley">Thomas Riley</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output 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4em"><a href="/wiki/White_House_Communications_Director" title="White House Communications Director">White House Communications Directors</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Herb_Klein_(journalist)" title="Herb Klein (journalist)">Klein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_W._Clawson" title="Ken W. Clawson">Clawson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Lee_Warren" title="Gerald Lee Warren">Warren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margita_White" title="Margita White">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Gergen" title="David Gergen">Gergen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Rafshoon" title="Gerald Rafshoon">Rafshoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Ursomarso" title="Frank Ursomarso">Ursomarso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Gergen" title="David Gergen">Gergen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_A._McManus_Jr." title="Michael A. McManus Jr.">McManus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Buchanan" title="Pat Buchanan">Buchanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Koehler" title="Jack Koehler">Koehler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Griscom" title="Tom Griscom">Griscom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mari_Maseng_Will" title="Mari Maseng Will">Maseng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Demarest_(politician)" title="David Demarest (politician)">Demarest</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tutwiler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Stephanopoulos" title="George Stephanopoulos">Stephanopoulos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Gearan" title="Mark Gearan">Gearan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_A._Baer" title="Donald A. 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Lieberman">Evelyn Lieberman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Beers" title="Charlotte Beers">Charlotte Beers</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Margaret D. Tutwiler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karen_Hughes" title="Karen Hughes">Karen Hughes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_K._Glassman" title="James K. Glassman">James K. Glassman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_McHale" title="Judith McHale">Judith McHale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Stephens" title="Kathleen Stephens">Kathleen Stephens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tara_Sonenshine" title="Tara Sonenshine">Tara Sonenshine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Stengel" title="Richard Stengel">Richard Stengel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Wharton" class="mw-redirect" title="Bruce Wharton">Bruce Wharton</a> (Acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Goldstein_(diplomat)" title="Steve Goldstein (diplomat)">Steve Goldstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heather_Nauert" title="Heather Nauert">Heather Nauert</a> (Acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Giuda" title="Michelle Giuda">Michelle Giuda</a> (Acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulrich_Brechbuhl" title="Ulrich Brechbuhl">Ulrich Brechbuhl</a> (Acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nilda_Pedrosa" title="Nilda Pedrosa">Nilda Pedrosa</a> (Acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_M._Allen" title="Elizabeth M. 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Allen</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:U.S._Department_of_State_official_seal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/U.S._Department_of_State_official_seal.svg/75px-U.S._Department_of_State_official_seal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/U.S._Department_of_State_official_seal.svg/113px-U.S._Department_of_State_official_seal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/U.S._Department_of_State_official_seal.svg/150px-U.S._Department_of_State_official_seal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3846857#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3846857#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3846857#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/58881263">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJhMg73pJgTK6xwPrWTJXd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2008022477">United States</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w63s6mjk">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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