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vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Menú principal" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Menú principal</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" 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class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Article_aleatori" title="Carrega una pàgina a l’atzar [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Article a l'atzar</span></a></li><li id="n-Articles-de-qualitat" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Articles_de_qualitat"><span>Articles de qualitat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Comunitat" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Comunitat" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Comunitat </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Portal" title="Sobre el projecte, què podeu fer, on trobareu les coses"><span>Portal viquipedista</span></a></li><li id="n-Agenda-d'actes" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Trobades"><span>Agenda d'actes</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Canvis_recents" title="Una llista dels canvis recents al wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Canvis 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class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Cerca a Viquipèdia" aria-label="Cerca a Viquipèdia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Cerca a la Viquipèdia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Especial:Cerca"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Cerca</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Eines personals"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aparença"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aparença" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Aparença</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ca.wikipedia.org&uselang=ca" class=""><span>Donatius</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Crea_compte&returnto=Bal%C3%A0fon" title="Us animem a crear un compte i iniciar una sessió, encara que no és obligatori" class=""><span>Crea un compte</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Registre_i_entrada&returnto=Bal%C3%A0fon" title="Us animem a registrar-vos, però no és obligatori [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Inicia la sessió</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Més opcions" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eines personals" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only 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compte</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Registre_i_entrada&returnto=Bal%C3%A0fon" title="Us animem a registrar-vos, però no és obligatori [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Inicia la sessió</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pàgines per a editors no registrats <a href="/wiki/Ajuda:Introducci%C3%B3" aria-label="Vegeu més informació sobre l'edició"><span>més informació</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Contribucions_pr%C3%B2pies" title="Una llista de les modificacions fetes des d'aquesta adreça IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contribucions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Discussi%C3%B3_personal" title="Discussió sobre les edicions per aquesta adreça ip. [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Discussió per aquest IP</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Lloc"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contingut" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contingut</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">amaga</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inici</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Història" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Història"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Història</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Història-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Construcció" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Construcció"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Construcció</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Construcció-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referències" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referències"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Referències</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referències-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Enllaços_externs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Enllaços_externs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Enllaços externs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Enllaços_externs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contingut" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Commuta la taula de continguts." > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Commuta la taula de continguts.</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Balàfon</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vés a un article en una altra llengua. Disponible en 28 llengües" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-28" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">28 llengües</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Балафон - búlgar" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Балафон" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balafon" title="Balafon - gal·lès" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Balafon" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gal·lès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balafon" title="Balafon - danès" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Balafon" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balafon" title="Balafon - Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Balafon" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balafon" title="Balafon - alemany" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Balafon" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemany" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balafon" title="Balafon - anglès" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Balafon" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balaf%C3%B3n" title="Balafón - espanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Balafón" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balafon" title="Balafon - finès" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Balafon" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balafon" title="Balafon - francès" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Balafon" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balafon" title="Balafon - gallec" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Balafon" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="gallec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gur mw-list-item"><a href="https://gur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balafon" title="Balafon - Frafra" lang="gur" hreflang="gur" data-title="Balafon" data-language-autonym="Farefare" data-language-local-name="Frafra" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Farefare</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balafon" title="Balafon - hongarès" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Balafon" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongarès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balafon" title="Balafon - italià" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Balafon" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%9C%EB%9D%BC%ED%8F%B0" title="발라폰 - coreà" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="발라폰" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balafoon" title="Balafoon - limburguès" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Balafoon" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kp%C9%9Bngb%C9%9B" title="Kpɛngbɛ - lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Kpɛngbɛ" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mos mw-list-item"><a href="https://mos.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balafon" title="Balafon - moore" lang="mos" hreflang="mos" data-title="Balafon" data-language-autonym="Moore" data-language-local-name="moore" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Moore</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balafoon" title="Balafoon - neerlandès" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Balafoon" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balafon" title="Balafon - noruec nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Balafon" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="noruec nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balafon" title="Balafon - noruec bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Balafon" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="noruec bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balafon" title="Balafon - polonès" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Balafon" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balafom" title="Balafom - portuguès" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Balafom" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portuguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Балафон - rus" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Балафон" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Балафон - serbi" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Балафон" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balafon" title="Balafon - suec" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Balafon" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Балафон - ucraïnès" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Балафон" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraïnès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balafon" title="Balafon - uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Balafon" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%8B%89%E9%A2%A8" title="巴拉風 - xinès" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="巴拉風" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="xinès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q789141#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica enllaços interlingües" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica els enllaços</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espais de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bal%C3%A0fon" title="Vegeu el contingut de la pàgina [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Pàgina</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Discussi%C3%B3:Bal%C3%A0fon&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Discussió sobre el contingut d'aquesta pàgina (encara no existeix) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussió</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Canvia la variant de llengua" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">català</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Vistes"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bal%C3%A0fon"><span>Mostra</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bal%C3%A0fon&action=edit" title="Modifica el codi font d'aquesta pàgina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bal%C3%A0fon&action=history" title="Versions antigues d'aquesta pàgina [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Mostra l'historial</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Eines de la pàgina"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eines" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Eines</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Eines</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">amaga</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Més opcions" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Accions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bal%C3%A0fon"><span>Mostra</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bal%C3%A0fon&action=edit" title="Modifica el codi font d'aquesta pàgina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bal%C3%A0fon&action=history"><span>Mostra l'historial</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Enlla%C3%A7os/Bal%C3%A0fon" title="Una llista de totes les pàgines wiki que enllacen amb aquesta [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Què hi enllaça</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Seguiment/Bal%C3%A0fon" rel="nofollow" title="Canvis recents a pàgines enllaçades des d'aquesta pàgina [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Canvis relacionats</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:P%C3%A0gines_especials" title="Llista totes les pàgines especials [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pàgines especials</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bal%C3%A0fon&oldid=31159740" title="Enllaç permanent a aquesta revisió de la pàgina"><span>Enllaç permanent</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bal%C3%A0fon&action=info" title="Més informació sobre aquesta pàgina"><span>Informació de la pàgina</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Citau&page=Bal%C3%A0fon&id=31159740&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informació sobre com citar aquesta pàgina"><span>Citau aquest article</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fca.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBal%25C3%25A0fon"><span>Obtén una URL abreujada</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fca.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBal%25C3%25A0fon"><span>Descarrega el codi QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimeix/exporta </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a 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dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r28178455">.mw-parser-output .infobox_bodystyle{font-size:85%;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .infobox_titlestyle{background:#ccccff}.mw-parser-output .infobox_abovestyle{background:#ccccff}.mw-parser-output .infobox_headerstyle{background:#ccccff}.mw-parser-output .infobox_subheaderstyle{background:#ccccff}.mw-parser-output .infobox_subheaderstyle1{width:100%;background:#ccccff;text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .infobox-label{background:#eeeeee;padding-right:1.2em;width:40%;text-align:start}</style><table class="infobox" style="font-size:90%;width:25em;infobox_bodystyle"><caption class="infobox_titlestyle" style="font-weight:bold"><span style="float:left; margin-left: 3px;"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Simpleicons_Business_calendar-with-a-clock-time-tools.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Plantilla:Infotaula esdeveniment"><img alt="Plantilla:Infotaula esdeveniment" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Simpleicons_Business_calendar-with-a-clock-time-tools.svg/25px-Simpleicons_Business_calendar-with-a-clock-time-tools.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Simpleicons_Business_calendar-with-a-clock-time-tools.svg/38px-Simpleicons_Business_calendar-with-a-clock-time-tools.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Simpleicons_Business_calendar-with-a-clock-time-tools.svg/50px-Simpleicons_Business_calendar-with-a-clock-time-tools.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="485" data-file-height="485" /></a></span></span>Pràctiques culturals i expressions relacionades amb el balàfon de les comunitats Senufo de Mali, Burkina Faso i Costa d'Ivori</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"></td></tr><tr class="mw-empty-elt"></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r33606766">.mw-parser-output .img_toogle ul{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0;font-size:70%}.mw-parser-output .img_toogle li{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .img_toogle li:after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .img_toogle li:last-child:after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .img_toogle_caption{font-size:100%;font-style:normal;text-align:center;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px}</style><div class="img_toogle"> <div class="geobox"><table style="width:auto; margin:auto; border:none; border-spacing:0; padding:0;"><tbody><tr><td style="border:none; padding:0; text-align:center;"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:SoussousGuiembeBalafon.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Imatge"><img alt="Imatge" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/SoussousGuiembeBalafon.jpg/300px-SoussousGuiembeBalafon.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/SoussousGuiembeBalafon.jpg/450px-SoussousGuiembeBalafon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/SoussousGuiembeBalafon.jpg/600px-SoussousGuiembeBalafon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="724" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="img_toogle_caption">Persones de l'ètnia Susu amb un djembé i un balàfon</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><table align="center" style="width:auto; cellspacing:1; cellpadding:0%; border:0; margin:0; display:table;"><tbody><tr class="mw-empty-elt"> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" align="center" style="width:auto; vertical-align:middle;"></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Tipus</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q110295396" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q110295396">tipus d'instrument musical</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q789141?uselang=ca#P31" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Estat</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a> i <a href="/wiki/Costa_d%27Ivori" title="Costa d'Ivori">Costa d'Ivori</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q789141?uselang=ca#P17" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header infobox_headerstyle" style="text-align:center">Patrimoni cultural</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align:start"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;text:align:center; border-style:solid; width:100px; border-width:3px;border-color: #808080">Llista Representativa del Patrimoni Cultural Immaterial de la Humanitat</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;padding-right: 1.2em; color: #202122; background-color: #eeeeee; text-align: start">Data</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start">2012</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;padding-right: 1.2em; color: #202122; background-color: #eeeeee; text-align: start">Identificador</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/cultural-practices-and-expressions-linked-to-the-balafon-of-the-senufo-communities-of-mali-burkina-faso-and-cote-d-ivoire-00849">N/a</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align:start"><span style="float:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Balafoon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Balafoon.jpg/300px-Balafoon.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Balafoon.jpg/450px-Balafoon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Balafoon.jpg/600px-Balafoon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2288" data-file-height="1712" /></a></span><br />Un balàfon de làmines fixes amb els resonadors de carbassa</span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>El <b>balàfon</b> és un tipus de <a href="/wiki/Xil%C3%B2fon" title="Xilòfon">xilòfon</a> o <a href="/wiki/Idi%C3%B2fon" title="Idiòfon">idiòfon</a> que interpreta melodies i normalment té entre 16 i 27 làmines. S'ha tocat a l'<a href="/wiki/%C3%80frica" title="Àfrica">Àfrica</a> des del segle <span title="Nombre escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xii</span> d'acord amb la tradició oral. Segons la tradició <a href="/w/index.php?title=Girot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Girot (encara no existeix)">girot</a> és original de <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Història"><span id="Hist.C3.B2ria"></span>Història</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bal%C3%A0fon&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la secció: Història"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Es creu que es van desenvolupar de manera independent dels instruments que al sud d'Àfrica i Amèrica del Sud esdevindrien el que avui dia coneixem com a <i><a href="/wiki/Marimba" title="Marimba">marimbes</a></i>. Els testimonis orals el daten, almenys, a la puixança de l'Imperi de Mali del segle <span title="Nombre escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xii</span>. </p><p>"Balafó" és un nom provinent de la llengua Manding, dels <a href="/wiki/Mandenk%C3%A0s_o_Malink%C3%A9s" class="mw-redirect" title="Mandenkàs o Malinkés">Mandenkàs</a>, de la regió del <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a> Occidental,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> però existeixen variacions al llarg de l'Àfrica Occidental com "balangi" (Sierra Leona), "gyilof", "dagara", "lobi" i "gurunsi" (Ghana, Burkina Faso i Costa d'Ivori). Instruments similars també es toquen a parts de l'Àfrica Central, com el "palaku" del Congo. </p><p>Les referències al balafó van, almenys, fins al segle <span title="Nombre escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xii</span>. El 1352, el viatger marroquí Ibn Battuta va descriure l'existència del balafó ngoniand a la cort del governador de Mali Mansa Suleiman. </p><p>Els visitants europeus a l'Àfrica Occidental ja van descriure el balàfon el segle <span title="Nombre escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xvii</span> de manera molt similar als instruments actuals. L'Atlantic Slave Trade va portar alguns intèrprets de balàfon a Amèrica. Així ho demostren les cròniques de la <i>Virgina Gazette</i> en la que es documenten africans-americans tocant el <i>barrafoo</i> el 1776, que sembla un balàfon. Tot i això, no es troben més referències d'aquest instrument a Amèrica del Nord fins a mitjans del segle <span title="Nombre escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xix</span>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Balafon_children_burkina_faso.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Balafon_children_burkina_faso.jpg/220px-Balafon_children_burkina_faso.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Balafon_children_burkina_faso.jpg/330px-Balafon_children_burkina_faso.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Balafon_children_burkina_faso.jpg/440px-Balafon_children_burkina_faso.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="658" /></a><figcaption>Nens de Burkina Faso tocant a Varsòvia (Polònia) durant el V Festival Cross Culture, setembre de 2009</figcaption></figure> <p>El balàfon ha experimentat un ressorgiment des de la dècada dels 80 del segle <span title="Nombre escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xx</span>, aparellat al creixement de la música d'arrel africana i la <a href="/wiki/World_Music" class="mw-redirect" title="World Music">World Music</a>. L'exponent més famós és la Rail Band, liderada per Salif Keita. A més, el seu so distintiu s'ha exportat en alguns casos a instruments occidentals. Per exemple Maninka, de l'est de <a href="/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_de_Guinea" class="mw-redirect" title="República de Guinea">Guinea</a>, toca un tipus de música per a guitarra que adapta la manera de tocar el bàlafon. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Construcció"><span id="Construcci.C3.B3"></span>Construcció</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bal%C3%A0fon&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la secció: Construcció"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Un balàfon es pot fer tant amb les làmines fixes (quan es fermen sobre un marc fix, normalment amb unes <a href="/wiki/Carabasses" class="mw-redirect" title="Carabasses">carabasses</a> a sota com a ressonadors) o amb les làmines lliures (quan se situen lliurement sobre qualsevol superfície). El balàfon normalment té entre 17 i 21 làmines que s'afinen depenent de la cultura del músic en escales <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tetrat%C3%B2nic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tetratònic (encara no existeix)">tetratòniques</a>, <a href="/wiki/Escala_pentat%C3%B2nica" title="Escala pentatònica">pentatòniques</a> o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Heptat%C3%B2nica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heptatònica (encara no existeix)">heptatòniques</a>. </p><p>Tradicionalment, les làmines es construeixen de fusta béné, assecada lentament sobre una petita foguera. Llavors s'afinen rebaixant-les per la cara de sota.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Balafon_Jamie.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Balafon_Jamie.jpg/220px-Balafon_Jamie.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Balafon_Jamie.jpg/330px-Balafon_Jamie.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Balafon_Jamie.jpg/440px-Balafon_Jamie.jpg 2x" data-file-width="690" data-file-height="1038" /></a><figcaption>Baquetes sobre el balàfon</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Bal%C3%A0fon_MDMB_655.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Bal%C3%A0fon_MDMB_655.jpg/220px-Bal%C3%A0fon_MDMB_655.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Bal%C3%A0fon_MDMB_655.jpg/330px-Bal%C3%A0fon_MDMB_655.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Bal%C3%A0fon_MDMB_655.jpg/440px-Bal%C3%A0fon_MDMB_655.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2248" /></a><figcaption>Balàfon, MDMB 655, de Guinea Equatorial, al fons del Museu de la Música de Barcelona</figcaption></figure> <p>En un balàfon de làmines fixes, aquestes es suspenen amb tires de cuir just per sobre del marc de fusta, sota el qual hi ha suspesos els ressonadors de fusta col·locats la seva grandària. Un petit forat en cada ressonador està recobert amb una membrana tradicional provinent del filaments que formen el sac fi on les aranyes dipositen els seus ous (tot i això, avui dia és més habitual que siguin de paper de cigar o de film de plàstic) per produir el so característic de brunzit nasal de l'instrument. Aquest, normalment, es toca amb dues maces de goma, mentre s'està assegut en una banqueta baixa. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referències"><span id="Refer.C3.A8ncies"></span>Referències</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bal%C3%A0fon&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la secció: Referències"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist {{#if: | references-column-count references-column-count-{{{col}}}" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/cultural-practices-and-expressions-linked-to-the-balafon-of-the-senufo-communities-of-mali-burkina-faso-and-cote-d-ivoire-00849">Cultural practices and expressions linked to the balafon of the Senufo communities of Mali, Burkina Faso and Côte d'Ivoire</a>» (en anglès).  UNESCO. [Consulta: 9 novembre 2017].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/711786656"><i>World of a slave : encyclopedia of the material life of slaves in the United States</i></a>.  Santa Barbara, Calif.: Greenwood, 2011. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-0-313-34943-0" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-0-313-34943-0">ISBN 978-0-313-34943-0</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+of+a+slave+%3A+encyclopedia+of+the+material+life+of+slaves+in+the+United+States&rft.date=2011&rft.pub=Greenwood&rft.place=Santa+Barbara%2C+Calif.&rft.isbn=978-0-313-34943-0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F711786656"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFJessup,_Lynne,_1944-1983"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Jessup, Lynne, 1944-</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/11469267"><i>The Mandinka balafon : an introduction with notation for teaching</i></a>.  La Mesa, CA.: Xylo Publications, 1983. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/0-916421-00-7" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/0-916421-00-7">ISBN 0-916421-00-7</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mandinka+balafon+%3A+an+introduction+with+notation+for+teaching&rft.aulast=Jessup%2C+Lynne%2C+1944-&rft.date=1983&rft.pub=Xylo+Publications&rft.place=La+Mesa%2C+CA.&rft.isbn=0-916421-00-7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F11469267"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Enllaços_externs"><span id="Enlla.C3.A7os_externs"></span>Enllaços externs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bal%C3%A0fon&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la secció: Enllaços externs"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.coraconnection.com/pages/balaphone.html">Cora Connection: Què és un balàfon?</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070701195448/http://www.coraconnection.com/pages/balaphone.html">Arxivat</a> 2007-07-01 a <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. (en anglès, consulta el 14/11/2017)</li> <li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.silcam.org/download.php?sstid=030401&folder=documents&file=MofuGudurBalafon.pdf">The Making of a Mofu-Gudur Balafon</a></i> Un article amb fotos i il·lustracions sobre la construcció d'un balàfon al nord del Camerun (en anglès, consulta el 14/11/2017)</li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Control_d%27autoritats" title="Control d'autoritats">Registres d'autoritat</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblioteca Nacional de España">BNE</a> <span class="uid"> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://datos.bne.es/resource/XX4421333">1</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a> <span class="uid"> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12271135d">1</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a> <span class="uid"> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/7542418-6">1</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LCCN" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN">LCCN</a> <span class="uid"> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85011346">1</a>)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Obtingut de «<a dir="ltr" href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Balàfon&oldid=31159740">https://ca.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Balàfon&oldid=31159740</a>»</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Categorias" title="Especial:Categorias">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Instruments_musicals" title="Categoria:Instruments musicals">Instruments musicals</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Mali" title="Categoria:Mali">Mali</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Patrimoni_Immaterial_de_la_Humanitat" title="Categoria:Patrimoni Immaterial de la Humanitat">Patrimoni Immaterial de la Humanitat</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Categories ocultes: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Articles_amb_la_plantilla_Webarchive_amb_enlla%C3%A7_wayback" title="Categoria:Articles amb la plantilla Webarchive amb enllaç wayback">Articles amb la plantilla Webarchive amb enllaç wayback</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Control_d%27autoritats" title="Categoria:Control d'autoritats">Control d'autoritats</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> La pàgina va ser modificada per darrera vegada el 7 gen 2023 a les 08:14.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">El text està disponible sota la <a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Text_de_la_llic%C3%A8ncia_de_Creative_Commons_Reconeixement-Compartir_Igual_4.0_No_adaptada" title="Viquipèdia:Text de la llicència de Creative Commons Reconeixement-Compartir Igual 4.0 No adaptada"> Llicència de Creative Commons Reconeixement i Compartir-Igual</a>; es poden aplicar termes addicionals. 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