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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Creation_of_the_Oswāl_clan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Creation_of_the_Oswāl_clan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Creation of the <i>Oswāl clan</i></span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Creation_of_the_Oswāl_clan-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Creation of the <i>Oswāl clan</i> subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Creation_of_the_Oswāl_clan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ratnaprabhasuri's_penance_near_Upkeśapattan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ratnaprabhasuri's_penance_near_Upkeśapattan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Ratnaprabhasuri's penance near Upkeśapattan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ratnaprabhasuri's_penance_near_Upkeśapattan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ratnaprabhasuri's_chaturmasya_at_Upkeśapattan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ratnaprabhasuri's_chaturmasya_at_Upkeśapattan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Ratnaprabhasuri's chaturmasya at Upkeśapattan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ratnaprabhasuri's_chaturmasya_at_Upkeśapattan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ratnaprabhasuri's_sermon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ratnaprabhasuri's_sermon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Ratnaprabhasuri's sermon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ratnaprabhasuri's_sermon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ratnaprabhasuri's_debate_with_Brahmins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ratnaprabhasuri's_debate_with_Brahmins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Ratnaprabhasuri's debate with Brahmins</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ratnaprabhasuri's_debate_with_Brahmins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Establishment_of_Osian's_'Mahavira_Temple'" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Establishment_of_Osian's_'Mahavira_Temple'"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Establishment of Osian's 'Mahavira Temple'</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Establishment_of_Osian's_'Mahavira_Temple'-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Conversion_of_Chāmundā_into_'Sacchiya_Mātā'" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conversion_of_Chāmundā_into_'Sacchiya_Mātā'"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Conversion of Chāmundā into 'Sacchiya Mātā'</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conversion_of_Chāmundā_into_'Sacchiya_Mātā'-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Establishment_of_the_'Oswāl_clan'" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Establishment_of_the_'Oswāl_clan'"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Establishment of the 'Oswāl clan'</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Establishment_of_the_'Oswāl_clan'-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" 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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p> The <b>Oswal</b> (sometimes spelled <b>Oshwal</b> or <b>Osval</b>) are a <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Av%C4%93t%C4%81mbara" class="mw-redirect" title="Śvētāmbara">Śvetāmbara</a> <a href="/wiki/Jain" class="mw-redirect" title="Jain">Jain</a> merchant community with origins in <a href="/wiki/Osian,_Jodhpur" title="Osian, Jodhpur">Osian</a>, a town in the <a href="/wiki/Marwar" title="Marwar">Marwar</a> region of <a href="/wiki/Rajasthan" title="Rajasthan">Rajasthan</a>, India.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to research by <a href="/wiki/James_Tod" title="James Tod">Colonel James Tod</a>, Osavālas are purely of Rajput origins and they belong to not one, but several different Rajput tribes.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Osavālas origin legend has multiple aspects, all of which include a fierce, meat-eating goddess who becomes pacified by a Jain ascetic, involving the conversion of a king to Jainism. In modern times, there are barely any Osavālas living in Osiyān, but they still regard the <a href="/wiki/Mahavira_Jain_temple,_Osian" title="Mahavira Jain temple, Osian">Mahavira temple</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sachiya_Mata_Temple" title="Sachiya Mata Temple">Sachiya Mata Temple</a> as their "mother temples".<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They reside in Rajasthan, Malwa, Gujarat, and Kutch.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESangave198083_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESangave198083-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>They were formerly also found in the <a href="/wiki/Tharparkar_district" class="mw-redirect" title="Tharparkar district">Tharparkar district</a> of <a href="/wiki/Sindh" title="Sindh">Sindh</a> (<a href="/wiki/Partition_of_India" title="Partition of India">pre-partition</a>). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Creation_of_the_Oswāl_clan"><span id="Creation_of_the_Osw.C4.81l_clan"></span>Creation of the <i>Oswāl clan</i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oswal&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Creation of the Oswāl clan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ratnaprabhasuri's_penance_near_Upkeśapattan"><span id="Ratnaprabhasuri.27s_penance_near_Upke.C5.9Bapattan"></span>Ratnaprabhasuri's penance near Upkeśapattan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oswal&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Ratnaprabhasuri's penance near Upkeśapattan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ratnaprabhasuri_at_Lunaadri_Hill.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Ratnaprabhasuri_at_Lunaadri_Hill.png/220px-Ratnaprabhasuri_at_Lunaadri_Hill.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Ratnaprabhasuri_at_Lunaadri_Hill.png/330px-Ratnaprabhasuri_at_Lunaadri_Hill.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Ratnaprabhasuri_at_Lunaadri_Hill.png/440px-Ratnaprabhasuri_at_Lunaadri_Hill.png 2x" data-file-width="1953" data-file-height="1317" /></a><figcaption>Ratnaprabhasuri and his 500 disciples doing a month-long fast and penance at Lunaadri hill near Osian</figcaption></figure> <p>According to a legend, in 457 BC, Ratnaprabhasuri was at <a href="/wiki/Mount_Abu" title="Mount Abu">Mount Abu</a>, and demi-goddess <a href="/wiki/Chakreshvari" title="Chakreshvari">Chakreshvari</a> appeared before him and urged him to spread the word of <a href="/wiki/Jainism" title="Jainism">Jainism</a> and save animals from religious violence in <a href="/wiki/Maru_Pradesh" title="Maru Pradesh">Maru Pradesh</a>. She said that <a href="/wiki/Swayamprabhasuri" title="Swayamprabhasuri">Swayamprabhasuri</a> could not go beyond <a href="/wiki/Bhinmal" title="Bhinmal">Śrīmal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Porwal" title="Porwal">Padmavati</a>. He agreed to her and started moving towards <a href="/wiki/Rajasthan" title="Rajasthan">Rajasthan</a> with his 500 disciples. Upon reaching, he and his disciples started a month-long penance on a small hill just outside the town. When it was time to break the fast, his disciples entered the town to beg for alms. They could not find food '<a href="/wiki/%C4%80c%C4%81r%C4%81%E1%B9%85ga_S%C5%ABtra" title="Ācārāṅga Sūtra">free from 42 faults</a>' as all residents of the town worshipped <a href="/wiki/Chamunda" title="Chamunda">Chamunda</a>, performed <a href="/wiki/Animal_sacrifice_in_Hinduism" title="Animal sacrifice in Hinduism">animal sacrifice</a>, and consumed food unfit for Jain monks. In such situation, it was getting difficult for monks to survive and Ratnaprabhasuri ordered all his disciples to begin moving to another city.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:10_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ratnaprabhasuri's_chaturmasya_at_Upkeśapattan"><span id="Ratnaprabhasuri.27s_chaturmasya_at_Upke.C5.9Bapattan"></span>Ratnaprabhasuri's chaturmasya at Upkeśapattan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oswal&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Ratnaprabhasuri's chaturmasya at Upkeśapattan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Legends say that demi-goddesses <a href="/wiki/Chamunda" title="Chamunda">Chamunda</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chakreshvari" title="Chakreshvari">Chakreshvari</a> are friendly to one another. Due to this relationship between them and knowing that the monks sent by <a href="/wiki/Chakreshvari" title="Chakreshvari">Chakreshvari</a> were going away, <a href="/wiki/Chamunda" title="Chamunda">Chamunda</a> met Ratnaprabhasuri and urged him to stay for <a href="/wiki/Chaturmasya" title="Chaturmasya">c<i>haturmasya</i></a>. He ordered monks who would not be able to perform severe penance to start walking towards another town. 465 monks left and 35 monks stayed with him.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:10_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Uppaldeva's daughter <i>Saubhāgyadevi</i> was married to his minister Uhada's son. He was bitten by a snake and all forms of treatment did not help revive him. When he was being taken for cremation, Chamunda took the form of a white-clad Jain monk and told the people that he was still alive and then disappeared.<sup id="cite_ref-:11_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When Uppaldeva heard this, he and the others took his son-in-law to Ratnaprabhasuri. The water collected after washing Ratnaprabhasuri's feet was splashed on the prince's face and he was instantly revived. The king felt indebted to Ratnaprabhasuri and gifted him valuables. However, the latter denied stating that he had given up his kingdom at <i>Mount Vaitādhya</i> to become a monk. He said that he would not accept any such materialistic repayment. The people requested him to deliver a sermon.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:32_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:32-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ratnaprabhasuri's_sermon"><span id="Ratnaprabhasuri.27s_sermon"></span>Ratnaprabhasuri's sermon</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oswal&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Ratnaprabhasuri's sermon"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ratnaprabhasuri_converts_Osian_town.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Ratnaprabhasuri_converts_Osian_town.png/220px-Ratnaprabhasuri_converts_Osian_town.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Ratnaprabhasuri_converts_Osian_town.png/330px-Ratnaprabhasuri_converts_Osian_town.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Ratnaprabhasuri_converts_Osian_town.png/440px-Ratnaprabhasuri_converts_Osian_town.png 2x" data-file-width="1914" data-file-height="1377" /></a><figcaption>Ratnaprabhasuri converts Utpaldeva and residents of Osian into Jains</figcaption></figure> <p>He delivered an impactful sermon on the various bodies a soul wanders in and how rare a birth a human is. He emphasized that in such a rare state, one should perform acts of righteousness and embrace non-violence. He then preached about the <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Avet%C4%81mbara" title="Śvetāmbara">twelve vows of householders</a> and <a href="/wiki/Five_Vows" title="Five Vows">five vows of Jain monks</a> that lead to <a href="/wiki/Ratnatraya" title="Ratnatraya">Ratnatraya</a> and eventual <a href="/wiki/Moksha" title="Moksha">moksha</a>. He condemned the consumption of alcohol and meat sternly and on giving up animal sacrifice. He also insisted upon embracing non-violence.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Further, he preached about establishing <a href="/wiki/Jain_temple" title="Jain temple">Jain temples</a>, installing icons of <a href="/wiki/Tirthankara" title="Tirthankara">Tirthankaras</a>, and worshipping them regularly. Everyone regretted their acts of violence the moment his sermon ended. All residents of the town, along with King Uppaldeva accepted <a href="/wiki/Jainism" title="Jainism">Jainism</a> wholeheartedly.<sup id="cite_ref-:32_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:32-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ratnaprabhasuri's_debate_with_Brahmins"><span id="Ratnaprabhasuri.27s_debate_with_Brahmins"></span>Ratnaprabhasuri's debate with Brahmins</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oswal&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Ratnaprabhasuri's debate with Brahmins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Shaivism" title="Shaivism">Shaiva Brahmins</a> were infuriated looking at the influence of Ratnaprabhasuri on the residents of the town. They demanded a <i>Śāstrārtha</i> (<abbr title="translation">transl.</abbr><span> debate on religious ideologies and scriptures</span>). Ratnaprabhasuri and his 35 disciples agreed to it. The Brahmins began by stating the lack of devotion in Jains and questioning Jainism's antiquity. Ratnaprabhasuri's disciple <i>Vīrdhawalopādhyāya</i> countered this claim by stating accounts of Jainism in the Brahmin scriptures. Ratnaprabhasuri concluded the debate stating that they have no benefit in people accepting or rejecting Jainism and that it is their moral duty to spread the word of Jainism. Brahmins eventually lost the debate and the entire town converted to Jainism. Several Jain temples were established several icons were consecrated. Ratnaprabhasuri also wrote several non-canonical scriptures such as <i>Tattvamimansa</i>, <i>Tattvavichār</i> etc.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:32_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:32-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Establishment_of_Osian's_'Mahavira_Temple'"><span id="Establishment_of_Osian.27s_.27Mahavira_Temple.27"></span>Establishment of Osian's 'Mahavira Temple'</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oswal&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Establishment of Osian's 'Mahavira Temple'"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mahavira_Jain_temple,_Osian" title="Mahavira Jain temple, Osian">Mahavira Jain temple, Osian</a></div> <p>Uppaladeva's minister Uhada was already establishing a temple dedicated to <a href="/wiki/Vishnu" title="Vishnu">Vishnu</a>. However, the construction was being hindered. Ratnaprabhasuri suggested him to construct it with <a href="/wiki/Mahavira" title="Mahavira">Mahavira</a> as the principal deity. The temple was ready. The residents of the town asked Ratnaprabhasuri about an icon to consecrate. He knew that <a href="/wiki/Chamunda" title="Chamunda">Chamunda</a> was preparing one using sand and the milk of a cow, so he asked the residents to keep patience. According to scriptural and local legends, one day, the cowherd saw his cow discharging milk at a part in the village. He informed Minister Uhada and the latter dug the land there. He found an idol of the 24th <a href="/wiki/Tirthankara" title="Tirthankara">Tirthankara</a> <a href="/wiki/Mahavira" title="Mahavira">Mahavira</a>. They urged Ratnaprabhasuri to consecrate this idol in the temple.<sup id="cite_ref-:13_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:13-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the preceptor knew that the idol was unfinished and needed 7 more days to be completely sculpted by the demi-goddess. However, looking at the excitement and devotion among the people, he allowed digging and taking the idol out. <a href="/wiki/Chamunda" title="Chamunda">Chamunda</a> was angered by this and forced every householder to sacrifice one goat and every household to sacrifice one buffalo every day during the 9 days of the <a href="/wiki/Navaratri" title="Navaratri">Navaratri</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:11_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:14_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:14-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Conversion_of_Chāmundā_into_'Sacchiya_Mātā'"><span id="Conversion_of_Ch.C4.81mund.C4.81_into_.27Sacchiya_M.C4.81t.C4.81.27"></span>Conversion of Chāmundā into 'Sacchiya Mātā'</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oswal&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Conversion of Chāmundā into 'Sacchiya Mātā'"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sachiya_Mata_Temple" title="Sachiya Mata Temple">Sachiya Mata Temple</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ratnaprabhasuri_converts_Chamunda.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Ratnaprabhasuri_converts_Chamunda.png/250px-Ratnaprabhasuri_converts_Chamunda.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Ratnaprabhasuri_converts_Chamunda.png/330px-Ratnaprabhasuri_converts_Chamunda.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Ratnaprabhasuri_converts_Chamunda.png/500px-Ratnaprabhasuri_converts_Chamunda.png 2x" data-file-width="1998" data-file-height="1314" /></a><figcaption>Ratnaprabhasuri converts Chamunda into Sacciya Mata</figcaption></figure> <p>After a lengthy sermon by Ratnaprabhasuri, <i>Chāmundā</i> realized that violence was not the correct way and attained the <a href="/wiki/Ratnatraya" title="Ratnatraya">Ratnatraya</a>. She became a samyaktvi (one of right faith, knowledge, and conduct) demi-goddess. She was renamed to Sacchiya Mātā by Ratnaprabhasuri and was consecrated as the <i>adhiśthāyikā</i> (<abbr title="translation">transl.</abbr><span> protecting deity</span>) of the <a href="/wiki/Mahavira_Jain_temple,_Osian" title="Mahavira Jain temple, Osian">Mahavira Jain temple, Osian</a>. A shrine dedicated to her was also constructed on the small hill where Ratnaprabhasuri had performed penance.<sup id="cite_ref-:14_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:14-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later, the idol of <a href="/wiki/Mahavira" title="Mahavira">Mahavira</a> was consecrated.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:32_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:32-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:11_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Establishment_of_the_'Oswāl_clan'"><span id="Establishment_of_the_.27Osw.C4.81l_clan.27"></span>Establishment of the 'Oswāl clan'</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oswal&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Establishment of the 'Oswāl clan'"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The residents of the town insisted upon Ratnaprabhasuri to name their clan different from <i><a href="/wiki/Bhinmal" title="Bhinmal">Śrīmalis</a></i> and <i>Porvāls.</i> Ratnaprabhasuri named the clan <i>Oswāl</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:6_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were strict adherents of the <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Avet%C4%81mbara" title="Śvetāmbara">Śvetāmbara</a> sect.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A poetic version of the legend was also written by a later monk belonging to the <a href="/wiki/Upke%C5%9Ba_Gaccha" title="Upkeśa Gaccha">Upkeśa Gaccha</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oswal&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Jhaveri family <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shantidas_Jhaveri" title="Shantidas Jhaveri">Shantidas Jhaveri</a> (1584–1659), jeweller, bullion trader, and moneylender<sup id="cite_ref-:3_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khushalchand" title="Khushalchand">Khushalchand Jhaveri</a> (1680–1748), jeweller and financier<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lalbhai_Dalpatbhai" title="Lalbhai Dalpatbhai">Lalbhai Dalpatbhai</a> (1863-1912), industrialist<sup id="cite_ref-:3_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagat_Seth_family" title="Jagat Seth family">Jagat Seth family</a>, merchant, banking, and moneylender family in Bengal<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premchand_Roychand" title="Premchand Roychand">Premchand Raichand</a>, stockbroker, businessman, and founder of the <a href="/wiki/Bombay_Stock_Exchange" title="Bombay Stock Exchange">Bombay Stock Exchange</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhamashah" title="Bhamashah">Bhamashah</a> a financier, general and minister in the court of the great <a href="/wiki/Rana_Pratap" class="mw-redirect" title="Rana Pratap">Rana Pratap</a> of Mewar.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Bharmal Shah, qiledar of Ranthambore fort appointed by <a href="/wiki/Rana_Sanga" title="Rana Sanga">Rana Sanga</a> and was later prime minister under <a href="/wiki/Udai_Singh_II" title="Udai Singh II">Maharana Udai Singh</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oswal&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBabb2004" 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SAGE. pp. <span class="nowrap">164–</span>178. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780761932239" title="Special:BookSources/9780761932239"><bdi>9780761932239</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Alchemies+of+Violence%3A+Myths+of+Identity+and+the+Life+of+Trade+in+Western+India&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E164-%3C%2Fspan%3E178&rft.pub=SAGE&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9780761932239&rft.aulast=Babb&rft.aufirst=Lawrence+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D74tUY0le33UC%26pg%3DPA164&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOswal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSangve" class="citation web cs1">Sangve, Vilas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jainqq.org/explore/007019/111">"Jain Community: A Social Survey"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jain+Community%3A+A+Social+Survey&rft.aulast=Sangve&rft.aufirst=Vilas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjainqq.org%2Fexplore%2F007019%2F111&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOswal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSangve" class="citation web cs1">Sangve, Vilas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jainqq.org/explore/007019/110">"Jaina Community a Social Survey"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jaina+Community+a+Social+Survey&rft.aulast=Sangve&rft.aufirst=Vilas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjainqq.org%2Fexplore%2F007019%2F110&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOswal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHarlan2003" class="citation book cs1">Harlan, Lindsey (2003). <i>The Goddesses' Henchmen: Gender in Indian Hero Worship</i>. 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Rupa & Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-291-0890-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-291-0890-6"><bdi>978-81-291-0890-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Rajasthan&rft.pub=Rupa+%26+Company&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-81-291-0890-6&rft.aulast=Hooja&rft.aufirst=Rima&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtosMAQAAMAAJ%26q%3Dratnaprabha%2Bsuri&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOswal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:9-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:9_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jainavenue.org/origins-of-porwal-pragwat-shrawak-varg/">"Jainism before Shraman Bhagwan Mahavira? - Jainavenue"</a>. 14 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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SUNY Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-3785-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-3785-8"><bdi>978-0-7914-3785-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Open+Boundaries%3A+Jain+Communities+and+Cultures+in+Indian+History&rft.pub=SUNY+Press&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.isbn=978-0-7914-3785-8&rft.aulast=Cort&rft.aufirst=John+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DE88RC8Eox2YC%26q%3Dratnaprabha&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOswal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:32-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:32_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:32_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:32_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:32_11-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMaharaj" class="citation web cs1">Maharaj, Hastimal. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jainqq.org/explore/007597/162">"Jain Legend Volume 4"</a>. <i>jainqq.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Harper Collins. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-93-5422-293-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-93-5422-293-1"><bdi>978-93-5422-293-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=My+Father%3A+The+Extraordinary+Life+of+an+Ordinary+Man&rft.pub=Harper+Collins&rft.date=2021-05-25&rft.isbn=978-93-5422-293-1&rft.aulast=Panagariya&rft.aufirst=Arvind&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D184qEAAAQBAJ%26q%3Dratnaprabha%2520suri%2520-wikipedia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOswal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJain" class="citation web cs1">Jain, Chagganlal. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jainqq.org/explore/002322/66">"Jaino Ka Itihas Darshan Vyavahar Evam Vaignanik Adhar"</a>. <i>jainqq.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Sundeep. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89684-362-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89684-362-2"><bdi>978-0-89684-362-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Osian%3A+History%2C+Archaeology%2C+Art+%26+Architecture&rft.pub=Sundeep&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=978-0-89684-362-2&rft.aulast=Handa&rft.aufirst=Devendra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrJocAAAAMAAJ%26q%3Dratnaprabha%2520suri%2520osian%2520-wikipedia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOswal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:14-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:14_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:14_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKalia1982" class="citation book cs1">Kalia, Asha (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3n-sycLo3XQC&dq=ratnaprabha%20suri%20osian%20-wikipedia&pg=PA1"><i>Art of Osian Temples: Socio-economic and Religious Life in India, 8th-12th Centuries A.D.</i></a> Abhinav Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-391-02558-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-391-02558-5"><bdi>978-0-391-02558-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Art+of+Osian+Temples%3A+Socio-economic+and+Religious+Life+in+India%2C+8th-12th+Centuries+A.D.&rft.pub=Abhinav+Publications&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=978-0-391-02558-5&rft.aulast=Kalia&rft.aufirst=Asha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3n-sycLo3XQC%26dq%3Dratnaprabha%2520suri%2520osian%2520-wikipedia%26pg%3DPA1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOswal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:7-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:7_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDodhia" class="citation web cs1">Dodhia, Rati. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jainqq.org/explore/007575/45">"Rise and Glory History of Halari Visa Oshwals"</a>. <i>jainqq.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=jainqq.org&rft.atitle=Oswals+and+Other+Jains+of+Rajasthan&rft.aulast=Baya&rft.aufirst=D+S&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjainqq.org%2Fexplore%2F250235%2F2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOswal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSangve" class="citation web cs1">Sangve, Vilas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jainqq.org/explore/007019/110">"Jaina Community, a Social Survey"</a>. <i>jainqq.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=jainqq.org&rft.atitle=Jaina+Community%2C+a+Social+Survey&rft.aulast=Sangve&rft.aufirst=Vilas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjainqq.org%2Fexplore%2F007019%2F110&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOswal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSingh1998" class="citation book cs1">Singh, K. S. (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jHQMAQAAMAAJ&q=%22ratnaprabha%20suri%22%20%22oswal%22%20-wikipedia"><i>India's Communities</i></a>. Anthropological Survey of India. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-563354-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-563354-2"><bdi>978-0-19-563354-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=India%27s+Communities&rft.pub=Anthropological+Survey+of+India&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-19-563354-2&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=K.+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjHQMAQAAMAAJ%26q%3D%2522ratnaprabha%2520suri%2522%2520%2522oswal%2522%2520-wikipedia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOswal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJain1999" class="citation book cs1">Jain, Ravindra K. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AYDXAAAAMAAJ&q=ratnaprabha%20suri%20osian%20-wikipedia"><i>The Universe as Audience: Metaphor and Community Among the Jains of North India</i></a>. Indian Institute of Advanced Study. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-85952-64-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-85952-64-2"><bdi>978-81-85952-64-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Universe+as+Audience%3A+Metaphor+and+Community+Among+the+Jains+of+North+India&rft.pub=Indian+Institute+of+Advanced+Study&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-81-85952-64-2&rft.aulast=Jain&rft.aufirst=Ravindra+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAYDXAAAAMAAJ%26q%3Dratnaprabha%2520suri%2520osian%2520-wikipedia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOswal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGranthmala" class="citation web cs1">Granthmala, Ratnaprabhakar. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jainqq.org/explore/034649/1">"Upkesh Vansh"</a>. <i>jainqq.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=jainqq.org&rft.atitle=Upkesh+Vansh&rft.aulast=Granthmala&rft.aufirst=Ratnaprabhakar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjainqq.org%2Fexplore%2F034649%2F1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOswal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSheth2024" class="citation book cs1">Sheth, Sudev (2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4tfbEAAAQBAJ"><i>Bankrolling Empire: Family Fortunes and Political Transformation in Mughal India</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. pp. 6, 296. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781009330268" title="Special:BookSources/9781009330268"><bdi>9781009330268</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bankrolling+Empire%3A+Family+Fortunes+and+Political+Transformation+in+Mughal+India&rft.pages=6%2C+296&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2024&rft.isbn=9781009330268&rft.aulast=Sheth&rft.aufirst=Sudev&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4tfbEAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOswal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSheth2024" class="citation book cs1">Sheth, Sudev (2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4tfbEAAAQBAJ&dq=Khushalchand&pg=PP6"><i>Bankrolling Empire: Family Fortunes and Political Transformation in Mughal India</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 6. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-009-33026-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-009-33026-8"><bdi>978-1-009-33026-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bankrolling+Empire%3A+Family+Fortunes+and+Political+Transformation+in+Mughal+India&rft.pages=6&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2024&rft.isbn=978-1-009-33026-8&rft.aulast=Sheth&rft.aufirst=Sudev&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4tfbEAAAQBAJ%26dq%3DKhushalchand%26pg%3DPP6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOswal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGopal2019" class="citation book cs1">Gopal, Surendra (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0kOEDwAAQBAJ&dq=jagat+seth+oswal&pg=PT65"><i>Jains in India: History Essays</i></a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-429-53737-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-429-53737-0"><bdi>978-0-429-53737-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jains+in+India%3A+History+Essays&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-0-429-53737-0&rft.aulast=Gopal&rft.aufirst=Surendra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0kOEDwAAQBAJ%26dq%3Djagat%2Bseth%2Boswal%26pg%3DPT65&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOswal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDobbin1972" class="citation book cs1">Dobbin, Christine E. (1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2eYhAAAAMAAJ&q=premchand+raichand+%22oswal%22"><i>Urban Leadership in Western India: Politics and Communities in Bombay City, 1840-1885</i></a>. Oxford University Press. p. 17. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-821841-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-821841-8"><bdi>978-0-19-821841-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Urban+Leadership+in+Western+India%3A+Politics+and+Communities+in+Bombay+City%2C+1840-1885&rft.pages=17&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1972&rft.isbn=978-0-19-821841-8&rft.aulast=Dobbin&rft.aufirst=Christine+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2eYhAAAAMAAJ%26q%3Dpremchand%2Braichand%2B%2522oswal%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOswal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oswals.net/gotras/kavadia">"Oswals"</a>. <i>oswals.net</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=oswals.net&rft.atitle=Oswals&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Foswals.net%2Fgotras%2Fkavadia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOswal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oswal&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSangave1980" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Vilas_Adinath_Sangave" title="Vilas Adinath Sangave">Sangave, Vilas Adinath</a> (1980), <i>Jaina Community: A Social Survey</i> (2nd ed.), <a href="/wiki/Bombay" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombay">Bombay</a>: <a href="/wiki/Popular_Prakashan" title="Popular Prakashan">Popular Prakashan</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-317-12346-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-317-12346-3"><bdi>978-0-317-12346-3</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jaina+Community%3A+A+Social+Survey&rft.place=Bombay&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Popular+Prakashan&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=978-0-317-12346-3&rft.aulast=Sangave&rft.aufirst=Vilas+Adinath&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOswal" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1097304697">.mw-parser-output .dmbox{display:flex;align-items:center;clear:both;margin:0.9em 1em;border-top:1px solid #ccc;border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;padding:0.25em 0.35em;font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .dmbox>*{flex-shrink:0;margin:0 0.25em}.mw-parser-output .dmbox-body{flex-grow:1;flex-shrink:1;padding:0.1em 0}.mw-parser-output .dmbox-invalid-type{text-align:center}</style> <div role="note" id="setindexbox" class="metadata plainlinks dmbox dmbox-setindex"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/WPanthroponymy.svg/40px-WPanthroponymy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/WPanthroponymy.svg/45px-WPanthroponymy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/WPanthroponymy.svg/60px-WPanthroponymy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="53" data-file-height="51" /></span></span></div><div class="dmbox-body"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Surname list</div>This page lists people with the <a href="/wiki/Surname" title="Surname">surname</a> <b>Oswal</b>. <br /><small>If an <a 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style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Agricultural communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jat" class="mw-redirect" title="Jat">Jat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahir" title="Ahir">Ahir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurjar" title="Gurjar">Gurjar‎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anjana_Chaudhari" title="Anjana Chaudhari">Anjana Chaudhari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishnoi" title="Bishnoi">Bishnoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dangi_people" title="Dangi people">Dangi people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhakar" title="Dhakar">Dhakar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kachhi_(caste)" title="Kachhi (caste)">Kachhi (caste)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirar" title="Kirar">Kirar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seervi" class="mw-redirect" title="Seervi">Seervi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyagi" title="Tyagi">Tyagi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natrayat_Rajputs" title="Natrayat Rajputs">Natrayat Rajputs</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natrayat_Charans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Natrayat Charans (page does not exist)">Natrayat Charans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mercantile communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agrawal" title="Agrawal">Agrawal‎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khandelwal_Vaishya" title="Khandelwal Vaishya">Khandelwal Vaishya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathur_Vaishya" title="Mathur Vaishya">Mathur Vaishya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nema_(community)" title="Nema (community)">Nema (community)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Oswal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patwa" title="Patwa">Patwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gawaria" title="Gawaria">Gawaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banjara" title="Banjara">Banjara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baranwal" title="Baranwal">Baranwal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bafna" title="Bafna">Bafna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarawagi" title="Sarawagi">Sarawagi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrimal_Jain" title="Shrimal Jain">Shrimal Jain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vankar" title="Vankar">Vankar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veerwal" title="Veerwal">Veerwal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijayvargiya" title="Vijayvargiya">Vijayvargiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kewat" title="Kewat">Kewat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khatri" title="Khatri">Khatri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maheshwari" title="Maheshwari">Maheshwari</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artisan communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soni_(caste)" title="Soni (caste)">Soni (caste)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gadia_Lohar" title="Gadia Lohar">Gadia Lohar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalwar_(caste)" title="Kalwar (caste)">Kalwar (caste)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharol" title="Kharol">Kharol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinjara" title="Pinjara">Pinjara</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rajput_Mali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rajput Mali (page does not exist)">Rajput Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regar" title="Regar">Regar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunar" title="Sunar">Sunar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teli" title="Teli">Teli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thathera" title="Thathera">Thathera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suthar" title="Suthar">Suthar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumhar" title="Kumhar">Kumhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halwai" title="Halwai">Halwai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nai_(caste)" title="Nai (caste)">Nai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvi_(caste)" title="Salvi (caste)">Salvi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meghwal" title="Meghwal">Meghwal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Genealogist communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bh%C4%81ts" title="Bhāts">Bhāts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaga_(Rajasthan)" title="Jaga (Rajasthan)">Jaga (Rajasthan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rawal_(caste)" title="Rawal (caste)">Rawal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motisar_(caste)" title="Motisar (caste)">Motisar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Priest communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhopa" title="Bhopa">Bhopa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru_(community)" title="Guru (community)">Guru (community)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jogi_(caste)" title="Jogi (caste)">Jogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajpurohit" title="Rajpurohit">Rajpurohit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rawal_(caste)" title="Rawal (caste)">Rawal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmins" class="mw-redirect" title="Brahmins">Brahmins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakaldwipiya" class="mw-redirect" title="Sakaldwipiya">Sevag</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tribal communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhil" title="Bhil">Bhil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhil_Meena" title="Bhil Meena">Bhil Meena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meena" title="Meena">Meena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhil_Gametia" title="Bhil Gametia">Bhil Gametia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhil_Mama" title="Bhil Mama">Bhil Mama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koli_people" title="Koli people">Koli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rath_tribe" title="Rath tribe">Rath tribe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saharia" title="Saharia">Saharia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sansi_people" title="Sansi people">Sansi people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirgar" title="Tirgar">Tirgar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vagri" title="Vagri">Vagri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van_Baoria" title="Van Baoria">Van Baoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pateliya" title="Pateliya">Pateliya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Muslim communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_Rajputs" title="Muslim Rajputs">Muslim Rajputs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meo_(ethnic_group)" title="Meo (ethnic group)">Meo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chadwa" title="Chadwa">Chadwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churigar" title="Churigar">Churigar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghanchi_(Muslim)" title="Ghanchi (Muslim)">Ghanchi 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cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> 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