Migrant workers report abuse at UAE renewable projects

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<time class="news-date">Published on <span itemprop="datePublished" content="2024-11-26T07:00:37+00:00">26/11/2024, 7:00am</span></time> <meta itemprop="dateModified" content="2024-11-27T17:49:16+00:00"/> <p class="news-excerpt" itemprop="alternativeHeadline description"> Migrant workers in solar and wind project supply chains say they suffer exploitative recruitment fees, wage theft and illegally long hours in dangerous heat </p> <div class="wp-caption" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject"> <img width="1000" height="667" src="https://cdn.climatechangenews.com/files/2024/11/27174507/UE-workers-heat-small-1.jpg" class="img-responsive wp-post-image" alt="" itemprop="image" decoding="async" fetchpriority="high" srcset="https://cdn.climatechangenews.com/files/2024/11/27174507/UE-workers-heat-small-1.jpg 1000w, https://cdn.climatechangenews.com/files/2024/11/27174507/UE-workers-heat-small-1-252x168.jpg 252w, https://cdn.climatechangenews.com/files/2024/11/27174507/UE-workers-heat-small-1-505x337.jpg 505w, https://cdn.climatechangenews.com/files/2024/11/27174507/UE-workers-heat-small-1-768x512.jpg 768w" sizes="(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px" /> <p class="wp-caption-text" itemprop="caption">A worker drinks water at a construction site, in Dubai, UAE, August 15, 2023. (Photo: REUTERS/Rula Rouhana)</p> </div> <p class="news-author">By <span itemprop="author"> <a href="https://www.climatechangenews.com/author/chloe-farand/" title="Posts by Chloé Farand" class="author url fn" rel="author">Chloé Farand</a> </span> </p> <div class="news-content" itemprop="articleBody"><p><strong>Migrants working on</strong> <strong>renewable energy projects in the United Arab Emirates say they are the victims of abusive conditions that could amount to forced labour, an investigation by a human rights group has found. </strong></p> <p>Equidem interviewed 34 migrant workers from South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa employed in the supply chain of 10 major renewable energy developers mostly from Europe and the Gulf States, which operate solar and wind projects in the UAE.</p> <p>They worked for 14 local subcontracting companies, including renewables specialists such as solar installers and technicians, and firms providing services such as transport, security and cleaning.</p> <p>Two-thirds of interviewed workers said they experienced wage theft, through unpaid, delayed or irregular wages. Half reported working illegally-long hours and as many said they were charged <a href="https://www.ilo.org/publications/general-principles-and-operational-guidelines-fair-recruitment-and" target="_blank" rel="noopener">recruitment fees</a> – a practice <a href="https://www.ihrb.org/resources/what-are-recruitment-fees" target="_blank" rel="noopener">widely deemed exploitative</a> because it can lead to debt bondage. It is <a href="https://u.ae/-/media/Documents-2022/Federal-DecreeLaw-No-33-of-2021.ashx#:~:text=Any%20discrimination%20on%20the%20basis,of%20its%20benefits%2C%20is%20prohibited." target="_blank" rel="noopener">illegal</a> in the UAE. Some workers also said their passports had been illegally withheld. <strong> </strong></p> <p>Mustafa Qadri, chief executive of UK-based Equidem, told Climate Home News the findings were “shocking” for a “high-tech sector” responsible for “some of the most sought-after investment opportunities in the global market”.</p> <p>The labour rights advocacy group found violations in breach of <a href="https://u.ae/-/media/Documents-2022/Federal-DecreeLaw-No-33-of-2021.ashx#:~:text=Any%20discrimination%20on%20the%20basis,of%20its%20benefits%2C%20is%20prohibited." target="_blank" rel="noopener">UAE labour law</a> and international standards that matched 10 of the <a href="https://www.ilo.org/sites/default/files/wcmsp5/groups/public/@ed_norm/@declaration/documents/publication/wcms_203832.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">11 International Labour Organization’s indicators of forced labour</a>.</p> <p>This “create[s] conditions of forced labour for migrant workers in the renewables sector in the UAE,” Equidem concluded in <a href="https://emea01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.business-humanrights.org%2Fen%2Ffrom-us%2Fbriefings%2Frush-to-renewables-toward-migrant-worker-rights-and-a-just-energy-transition-in-the-gulf&data=05%7C02%7C%7C6c63883d31db46cc043508dd0d2c4978%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C638681206092204086%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJFbXB0eU1hcGkiOnRydWUsIlYiOiIwLjAuMDAwMCIsIlAiOiJXaW4zMiIsIkFOIjoiTWFpbCIsIldUIjoyfQ%3D%3D%7C0%7C%7C%7C&sdata=gRvbR9mEQpWeH2tkDRRLxlUguw06HOwqHrmHMFexH5c%3D&reserved=0" target="_blank" rel="noopener">a report</a> released on Tuesday.</p> <h3><strong>Treated ‘like animals’ </strong></h3> <p>The Gulf States continue to produce and export high volumes of oil and gas but have seen a rapid rollout of renewable energy infrastructure in recent years, reaching <a href="https://www.irena.org/Publications/2023/Dec/Renewable-energy-market-analysis-GCC" target="_blank" rel="noopener">5.6 gigawatts in 2022 from close to zero a decade earlier</a>. The UAE – which hosted the COP28 climate summit last year – is one of the region’s fastest-growing renewable markets but it has “been rapidly built on the back of exploitation”, Qadri said.</p> <p>Interviewees reported workplace discrimination, violence and harassment, especially targeted at new workers. One said he was living in overcrowded and unsanitary accommodation with 18 others, while half said their food allowances weren’t enough to meet their needs.</p> <p>“The company treats all the workers like animals,” Suaid, an Indian worker subcontracted to pack solar equipment for a European renewable energy developer, told Equidem. “I work for 12 hours a day. If I do my work comfortably, the work will not be finished and if the work is not finished, the supervisor will shout at me. Even my salary can be cut. There is so much work that I do not get even a minute’s rest.”</p> <p>Equidem chose not to identify projects and employers linked to rights violations because of the risk of reprisals for workers. “These workers are facing terrible conditions and suffering in incredible silence,” said Qadri.</p> <p>The UAE government did not respond to Climate Home’s request for comment.</p> <p><iframe style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 100%;" src="https://0d044eea.sibforms.com/serve/MUIFAIhTLBtGQkwEht0Zz9RW5iEt7eI0AQwFaTXH5vdFlBnq79TP3AE88DhkD2t-OdOE_qbR6PKL91Ppt31IOFqbKaL6rGkRGDAvZlcwGEhW2PFtPYdoLw2L5I6dsgCBuBe66s9Nnm19uobPbt1ZreqyLCgfkcqFK6CcnB-3U302mD5CSi9cbGKtsMuByXDZnfijhp7wLEkPKAfX" width="100%" height="380" frameborder="0" scrolling="auto" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe></p> <h3><strong>Double climate impacts </strong></h3> <p>Migrant workers account for <a href="https://www.ilo.org/projects-and-partnerships/projects/extending-social-protection-migrant-workers-exploratory-research-and-policy#:~:text=Migrant%20workers%20play%20a%20key,million%20migrant%20workers%20in%202019." target="_blank" rel="noopener">a vast proportion of private-sector employment</a> in Gulf countries.</p> <p>Mass public events such as the <a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-60867042" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2022 Qatar World Cup</a> and the <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2022/feb/02/allegations-of-worker-exploitation-at-worlds-greatest-show-expo-2020-dubai" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2020 Dubai Expo</a> have exposed some of the risks and abuses faced by migrant workers in the region. The Business & Human Rights Resource Centre (BHRRC), which co-authored the report, has recorded <a href="https://www.business-humanrights.org/en/big-issues/labour-rights/allegations-of-labour-abuse-against-gulf-migrant-workers/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">490 allegations</a> of migrant worker abuse across Gulf States since 2022.</p> <p>But some of the alleged abuse unveiled by Equidem is unique to the renewable energy sector, said Qadri, citing the extent of illegal working hours and workers’ isolation from urban centres while employed at renewable energy projects located in the desert, which also exposes them to heat stress.</p> <p>Ten workers told Equidem they suffered health impacts after engaging in physical work in extreme temperatures without adequate water and breaks.</p> <p>“Sometimes I am made to stand more than 10 hours in the scorching sun,” said Akira, a Kenyan worker employed as a security guard for a multinational energy company.</p> <blockquote><p><a href="https://www.climatechangenews.com/2024/11/23/fractious-cop29-lands-300bn-climate-finance-goal-dashing-hopes-of-the-poorest/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Fractious</strong> COP29 lands $300bn climate finance goal, dashing hopes of the poorest</a></p></blockquote> <p>Climate change is expected to make the UAE <a href="https://www.moccae.gov.ae/assets/download/8fb9d5bb/61a79c31.pdf.aspx?view=true" target="_blank" rel="noopener">even hotter and more humid</a> between June and September – a combination that can be deadly.</p> <p>The interviewed workers originated from developing countries such as Kenya, India and Pakistan, where extreme weather impacts fuelled by climate change, from heatwaves to droughts and floods, are intensifying. Equidem previously <a href="https://www.equidem.org/reports/the-company-treats-all-the-workers-like-animals-inside-the-uaes-cop28-preparations">found evidence</a> of migrant workers seeking jobs in the UAE after losing their livelihoods to flooding in their home country.</p> <h3><strong>Opaque supply chain </strong></h3> <p>The <a href="https://emea01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.business-humanrights.org%2Fen%2Ffrom-us%2Fbriefings%2Frush-to-renewables-toward-migrant-worker-rights-and-a-just-energy-transition-in-the-gulf&data=05%7C02%7C%7C6c63883d31db46cc043508dd0d2c4978%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C638681206092204086%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJFbXB0eU1hcGkiOnRydWUsIlYiOiIwLjAuMDAwMCIsIlAiOiJXaW4zMiIsIkFOIjoiTWFpbCIsIldUIjoyfQ%3D%3D%7C0%7C%7C%7C&sdata=gRvbR9mEQpWeH2tkDRRLxlUguw06HOwqHrmHMFexH5c%3D&reserved=0" target="_blank" rel="noopener">investigation</a> unmasks a sector characterised by multiple layers of outsourcing, where contractual ties between workers, subcontractors and major renewable energy developers are rarely disclosed.</p> <p>This “blind spot” increases the risk of abuse, Isobel Archer of BHRRC told Climate Home.</p> <p>BHRRC reviewed publicly available governance policies of the 27 largest renewable energy developers in the Gulf region, including French companies EDF and TotalEnergies, Chinese firm Jinko Power, the UAE’s state-owned Masdar and Shell.</p> <p>It <a href="https://emea01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.business-humanrights.org%2Fen%2Flatest-news%2Frush-to-renewables-company-policy-assessment&data=05%7C02%7C%7C6c63883d31db46cc043508dd0d2c4978%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C638681206092179723%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJFbXB0eU1hcGkiOnRydWUsIlYiOiIwLjAuMDAwMCIsIlAiOiJXaW4zMiIsIkFOIjoiTWFpbCIsIldUIjoyfQ%3D%3D%7C0%7C%7C%7C&sdata=N13f1dHlYi1T34mWL3GlkGncB5bH4xemwQJ4ZIYuX4I%3D&reserved=0" target="_blank" rel="noopener">found</a> that just 12 companies recognised risks specific to migrant workers and only eight prohibited recruitment charges.</p> <p>“Given the Gulf region’s record on human rights abuses, companies operating in this field must conduct heightened human-rights due diligence, assess and mitigate the risk their operations pose to migrant workers in their value chains,” said Archer.</p> <p>“We have to push for a fast transition to renewables. But the so-called creation of green jobs doesn’t give [companies] a free pass to ignore the rights of the most vulnerable in the supply chain,” she added.</p> <p>BHRRC contacted all 27 companies about its findings. At the time of publication, Masdar was the <a href="https://www.business-humanrights.org/en/latest-news/rush-to-renewables-company-policy-assessment/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">only company to respond</a>. It said it was “deeply committed to safeguarding the rights and wellbeing of all individuals, including migrant workers”, adding that “relevant risk mitigation measures are fully embedded within our contracts, <a href="https://masdar.ae/en/thought-leader-reports/annual-sustainability-reports/annual-sustainability-reports-2023" target="_blank" rel="noopener">policies, and operational standards</a>“.</p> <p><em>(Reporting by Chloé Farand; editing by Megan Rowling)</em></p> </div> <aside class="news-shares-right hidden-xs hidden-print"><a data-sumome-share-id="7c9b466f-d64c-4e0d-a90d-658506c8823a"></a></aside> <div class="clearfix"></div> <aside class="hidden-print"><a data-sumome-share-id="8d6c33b7-11c8-4932-a72e-fe8c4c04befd"></a></aside> <div class="clearfix"></div> <p class="news-section">Read more on: <a href="https://www.climatechangenews.com/category/energy/" rel="category tag">Energy</a> | <a href="https://www.climatechangenews.com/category/world/middle-east/" rel="category 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Not consenting or withdrawing consent, may adversely affect certain features and functions.</div>  <div class="cmplz-categories"> <details class="cmplz-category cmplz-functional" > <summary> <span class="cmplz-category-header"> <span class="cmplz-category-title">Functional</span> <span class='cmplz-always-active'> <span class="cmplz-banner-checkbox"> <input type="checkbox" id="cmplz-functional-optin" data-category="cmplz_functional" class="cmplz-consent-checkbox cmplz-functional" size="40" value="1"/> <label class="cmplz-label" for="cmplz-functional-optin" tabindex="0"><span class="screen-reader-text">Functional</span></label> </span> Always active </span> <span class="cmplz-icon cmplz-open"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512" height="18" ><path d="M224 416c-8.188 0-16.38-3.125-22.62-9.375l-192-192c-12.5-12.5-12.5-32.75 0-45.25s32.75-12.5 45.25 0L224 338.8l169.4-169.4c12.5-12.5 32.75-12.5 45.25 0s12.5 32.75 0 45.25l-192 192C240.4 412.9 232.2 416 224 416z"/></svg> </span> </span> </summary> <div class="cmplz-description"> <span class="cmplz-description-functional">The technical storage or access is strictly necessary for the legitimate purpose of enabling the use of a specific service explicitly requested by the subscriber or user, or for the sole purpose of carrying out the transmission of a communication over an electronic communications network.</span> </div> </details> <details class="cmplz-category cmplz-preferences" > <summary> <span class="cmplz-category-header"> <span class="cmplz-category-title">Preferences</span> <span class="cmplz-banner-checkbox"> <input type="checkbox" id="cmplz-preferences-optin" data-category="cmplz_preferences" class="cmplz-consent-checkbox cmplz-preferences" size="40" value="1"/> <label class="cmplz-label" for="cmplz-preferences-optin" tabindex="0"><span class="screen-reader-text">Preferences</span></label> </span> <span class="cmplz-icon cmplz-open"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512" height="18" ><path d="M224 416c-8.188 0-16.38-3.125-22.62-9.375l-192-192c-12.5-12.5-12.5-32.75 0-45.25s32.75-12.5 45.25 0L224 338.8l169.4-169.4c12.5-12.5 32.75-12.5 45.25 0s12.5 32.75 0 45.25l-192 192C240.4 412.9 232.2 416 224 416z"/></svg> </span> </span> </summary> <div class="cmplz-description"> <span class="cmplz-description-preferences">The technical storage or access is necessary for the legitimate purpose of storing preferences that are not requested by the subscriber or user.</span> </div> </details> <details class="cmplz-category cmplz-statistics" > <summary> <span class="cmplz-category-header"> <span class="cmplz-category-title">Statistics</span> <span class="cmplz-banner-checkbox"> <input type="checkbox" id="cmplz-statistics-optin" data-category="cmplz_statistics" class="cmplz-consent-checkbox cmplz-statistics" size="40" value="1"/> <label class="cmplz-label" for="cmplz-statistics-optin" tabindex="0"><span class="screen-reader-text">Statistics</span></label> </span> <span class="cmplz-icon cmplz-open"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512" height="18" ><path d="M224 416c-8.188 0-16.38-3.125-22.62-9.375l-192-192c-12.5-12.5-12.5-32.75 0-45.25s32.75-12.5 45.25 0L224 338.8l169.4-169.4c12.5-12.5 32.75-12.5 45.25 0s12.5 32.75 0 45.25l-192 192C240.4 412.9 232.2 416 224 416z"/></svg> </span> </span> </summary> <div class="cmplz-description"> <span class="cmplz-description-statistics">The technical storage or access that is used exclusively for statistical purposes.</span> <span class="cmplz-description-statistics-anonymous">The technical storage or access that is used exclusively for anonymous statistical purposes. Without a subpoena, voluntary compliance on the part of your Internet Service Provider, or additional records from a third party, information stored or retrieved for this purpose alone cannot usually be used to identify you.</span> </div> </details> <details class="cmplz-category cmplz-marketing" > <summary> <span class="cmplz-category-header"> <span class="cmplz-category-title">Marketing</span> <span class="cmplz-banner-checkbox"> <input type="checkbox" id="cmplz-marketing-optin" data-category="cmplz_marketing" class="cmplz-consent-checkbox cmplz-marketing" size="40" value="1"/> <label class="cmplz-label" for="cmplz-marketing-optin" tabindex="0"><span class="screen-reader-text">Marketing</span></label> </span> <span class="cmplz-icon cmplz-open"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512" height="18" ><path d="M224 416c-8.188 0-16.38-3.125-22.62-9.375l-192-192c-12.5-12.5-12.5-32.75 0-45.25s32.75-12.5 45.25 0L224 338.8l169.4-169.4c12.5-12.5 32.75-12.5 45.25 0s12.5 32.75 0 45.25l-192 192C240.4 412.9 232.2 416 224 416z"/></svg> </span> </span> </summary> <div class="cmplz-description"> <span class="cmplz-description-marketing">The technical storage or access is required to create user profiles to send advertising, or to track the user on a website or across several websites for similar marketing purposes.</span> </div> </details> </div> </div> <div class="cmplz-links cmplz-information"> <a class="cmplz-link cmplz-manage-options cookie-statement" href="#" data-relative_url="#cmplz-manage-consent-container">Manage options</a> <a class="cmplz-link cmplz-manage-third-parties cookie-statement" href="#" data-relative_url="#cmplz-cookies-overview">Manage services</a> <a class="cmplz-link cmplz-manage-vendors tcf cookie-statement" href="#" data-relative_url="#cmplz-tcf-wrapper">Manage {vendor_count} vendors</a> <a class="cmplz-link cmplz-external cmplz-read-more-purposes tcf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" href="https://cookiedatabase.org/tcf/purposes/">Read more about these purposes</a> </div> <div class="cmplz-divider cmplz-footer"></div> <div class="cmplz-buttons"> <button class="cmplz-btn cmplz-accept">Accept</button> <button class="cmplz-btn cmplz-deny">Deny</button> <button class="cmplz-btn cmplz-view-preferences">View preferences</button> <button class="cmplz-btn cmplz-save-preferences">Save preferences</button> <a class="cmplz-btn cmplz-manage-options tcf cookie-statement" href="#" data-relative_url="#cmplz-manage-consent-container">View preferences</a> </div> <div class="cmplz-links cmplz-documents"> <a class="cmplz-link cookie-statement" href="#" data-relative_url="">{title}</a> <a class="cmplz-link privacy-statement" href="#" data-relative_url="">{title}</a> <a class="cmplz-link impressum" href="#" data-relative_url="">{title}</a> </div> </div> </div> <div id="cmplz-manage-consent" data-nosnippet="true"><button class="cmplz-btn cmplz-hidden cmplz-manage-consent manage-consent-1">Manage consent</button> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> var sbiajaxurl = "https://www.climatechangenews.com/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php"; </script>  <noscript> <iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-55LR53Q" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe> </noscript>  <script type="text/javascript" id="ppress-frontend-script-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var pp_ajax_form = {"ajaxurl":"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","confirm_delete":"Are you sure?","deleting_text":"Deleting...","deleting_error":"An error occurred. 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