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Artystone - Wikipedia

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mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Артыстона – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Артыстона" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artistone" title="Artistone – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Artistone" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artystone" title="Artystone – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Artystone" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CF%84%CF%85%CF%83%CF%84%CF%8E%CE%BD%CE%B7" title="Αρτυστώνη – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αρτυστώνη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artistona" title="Artistona – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Artistona" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artistona" title="Artistona – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Artistona" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B1%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="آرتیستون – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آرتیستون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artyston%C3%A8" title="Artystonè – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Artystonè" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artistona" title="Artistona – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Artistona" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artastuna" title="Artastuna – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Artastuna" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artistone" title="Artistone – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Artistone" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="ارتيستون – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ارتيستون" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artystone" title="Artystone – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Artystone" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AB%E3%83%86%E3%83%A5%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%8D" title="アルテュストネ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アルテュストネ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art%C3%ADstone" title="Artístone – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Artístone" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Артистона – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Артистона" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artistona" title="Artistona – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Artistona" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artistona" title="Artistona – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Artistona" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artystone" title="Artystone – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Artystone" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Артистуна – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Артистуна" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artystone" title="Artystone – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Artystone" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%82%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Артістона – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Артістона" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%A1%94%E6%96%AF%E5%9B%BE%E5%A8%9C" title="阿尔塔斯图娜 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="阿尔塔斯图娜" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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.hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the isopod genus, see <a href="/wiki/Cymothoidae" title="Cymothoidae">Cymothoidae</a>.</div> <p><b>Artystone</b> (<a href="/wiki/Old_Persian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Persian language">Old Persian</a>: <i lang="peo"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Old_Persian/R%CC%A5tast%C5%ABn%C4%81" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Reconstruction:Old Persian/R̥tastūnā">*R̥tastūnā</a></i>;<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <span lang="grc"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%BC%88%CF%81%CF%84%CF%85%CF%83%CF%84%CF%8E%CE%BD%CE%B7" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Ἀρτυστώνη">Ἀρτυστώνη</a></span> <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">Artustṓnē</i></span>; <a href="/wiki/Elamite" class="mw-redirect" title="Elamite">Elamite</a> <span title="Elamite-language romanization"><i lang="elx-Latn">Ir-taš-du-na</i></span>, <span title="Elamite-language romanization"><i lang="elx-Latn">Ir-da-iš-du-na</i></span>) also known as <i>Irtašduna</i> in the <a href="/wiki/Persepolis_fortification_tablets" class="mw-redirect" title="Persepolis fortification tablets">Fortification tablets</a>, was a <a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Achaemenid</a> princess, daughter of king <a href="/wiki/Cyrus_the_Great" title="Cyrus the Great">Cyrus the Great</a>, and sister of <a href="/wiki/Cambyses_II" title="Cambyses II">Cambyses II</a>, <a href="/wiki/Atossa" title="Atossa">Atossa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Smerdis" class="mw-redirect" title="Smerdis">Smerdis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Along with Atossa and her niece <a href="/wiki/Parmys" title="Parmys">Parmys</a>, Artystone married king <a href="/wiki/Darius_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Darius I">Darius I</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> It is argued that by marrying the female offspring of Cyrus, the founder of the empire, the new king aimed to prevent his rule from being contested,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> since Darius himself was not of royal blood.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Artystone and Darius had at least two sons, <a href="/wiki/Arsames_(son_of_Darius)" title="Arsames (son of Darius)">Arsames</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gobryas_(son_of_Darius_I)" title="Gobryas (son of Darius I)">Gobryas</a>, and a daughter, <a href="/wiki/Artazostre" title="Artazostre">Artazostre</a>. According to the Greek historian <a href="/wiki/Herodotus" title="Herodotus">Herodotus</a>, Artystone was Darius' favourite wife.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to <a href="/wiki/James_Ussher" title="James Ussher">James Ussher</a>, Artystone may have been another name for the biblical queen <a href="/wiki/Esther" title="Esther">Esther</a>, since <a href="/wiki/Herodotus" title="Herodotus">Herodotus</a> also called her Artystone the Virgin.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> While Esther is commonly known as the wife of <a href="/wiki/Xerxes_I" title="Xerxes I">Xerxes</a> or <a href="/wiki/Artaxerxes_II" title="Artaxerxes II">Artaxerxes</a>, the Book of Esther lists her cousin <a href="/wiki/Mordecai" title="Mordecai">Mordecai</a> as present during <a href="/wiki/Nebuchadnezzar_I" title="Nebuchadnezzar I">Nebuchadnezzar's</a> capture of <a href="/wiki/Jeconiah" title="Jeconiah">Jeconiah</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> in 599 BC, and <a href="/wiki/Josephus" title="Josephus">Josephus</a> referencing him as a contemporary of Darius,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> making it impossible for Mordecai to be alive during Xerxes' or Artexerxes' reigns. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Primary_sources">Primary sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artystone&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Primary sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Herodotus" title="Herodotus">Herodotus</a>, 3.88.2 bis; 7.69.2; 7.72.2.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Persepolis_Fortification_Archive" class="mw-redirect" title="Persepolis Fortification Archive">Persepolis Fortification Archive</a></li> <li>Annals of the World by James Ussher, 797; 1036</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artystone&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Smith 1849, p 368; Schmitt 1987, p. 665.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Schmitt 1987.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHerodotus1921" class="citation book cs1">Herodotus (1921). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0016.tlg001.perseus-eng1:3.88.2"><i>The Histories</i></a>. Vol.&#160;2. Translated by Godley, A. D. Cambridge: <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a>. pp.&#160;3.88.2–3. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0674991309" title="Special:BookSources/978-0674991309"><bdi>978-0674991309</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-06-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Histories&amp;rft.place=Cambridge&amp;rft.pages=3.88.2-3&amp;rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&amp;rft.date=1921&amp;rft.isbn=978-0674991309&amp;rft.au=Herodotus&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.perseus.tufts.edu%2Fhopper%2Ftext%3Fdoc%3Durn%3Acts%3AgreekLit%3Atlg0016.tlg001.perseus-eng1%3A3.88.2&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtystone" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brosius 1998, pp. 60, 62.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ussher, 1650, Annals of the World, 1007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerodotus1921" class="citation book cs1">Herodotus (1921). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0028%3Abook%3D3%3Achapter%3D89%3Asection%3D1"><i>The Histories</i></a>. Vol.&#160;2. Translated by Godley, A. D. Cambridge: <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. pp.&#160;7.69–72. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0674991316" title="Special:BookSources/978-0674991316"><bdi>978-0674991316</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-06-15</span></span>. <q>...Artystone daughter of Cyrus, whom Darius loved best of his wives; he had an image made of her of hammered gold. </q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Histories&amp;rft.place=Cambridge&amp;rft.pages=7.69-72&amp;rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&amp;rft.date=1921&amp;rft.isbn=978-0674991316&amp;rft.au=Herodotus&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.perseus.tufts.edu%2Fhopper%2Ftext%3Fdoc%3DPerseus%253Atext%253A1999.04.0028%253Abook%253D3%253Achapter%253D89%253Asection%253D1&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtystone" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ussher, 1650, Annals of the World, 1036</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Esther 2:5-6</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ccel.org/j/josephus/works/ant-11.htm">Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews, Book 11:4:9</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artystone&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Brosius, M. (1998): <i>Woman in Ancient Persia</i>.</li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hti.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=moa;cc=moa;rgn=full%20text;idno=ACL3129.0001.001;didno=ACL3129.0001.001;view=image;seq=00000393">Artystone</a>", in W. Smith (ed.), <i>A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology</i>.</li> <li>Lendering, J (2007 [1999]): "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.livius.org/arl-arz/artystone/artystone.html">Artystone</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130524090750/http://www.livius.org/arl-arz/artystone/artystone.html">Archived</a> 2013-05-24 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>", in <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.livius.org/">https://www.livius.org/</a></li> <li>Schmitt, R (1987): "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iranicaonline.org/articles/artystone-persian-female">Artystone</a>", in E. Yarshater (ed.), <a href="/wiki/Encyclopaedia_Iranica" class="mw-redirect" title="Encyclopaedia Iranica">Encyclopaedia Iranica</a>, vol. II.</li> <li>James Ussher (1650): <i>Annals of the World</i>.</li> <li>Josephus, F: <i>Antiquities of the Jews,</i> Book 11</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color:#B6AD9D"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cyrus_the_Great" title="Template:Cyrus the Great"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cyrus_the_Great" title="Template talk:Cyrus the Great"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cyrus_the_Great" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cyrus the Great"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cyrus_the_Great" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cyrus_the_Great" title="Cyrus the Great">Cyrus the Great</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background-color:#B6AD9D"><div><a href="/wiki/Teispids" title="Teispids">Teispids</a>, <a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Achaemenid Empire</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#B6AD9D;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_family_tree" title="Achaemenid family tree">Family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cambyses_I" title="Cambyses I">Cambyses I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandane_of_Media" title="Mandane of Media">Mandane of Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassandane" title="Cassandane">Cassandane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amytis_of_Media" title="Amytis of Media">Amytis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Children</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cambyses_II" title="Cambyses II">Cambyses II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bardiya" title="Bardiya">Bardiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atossa" title="Atossa">Atossa</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Artystone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Olympic_Park_Cyrus-2.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Cyrus the Great"><img alt="Cyrus the Great" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Olympic_Park_Cyrus-2.png/65px-Olympic_Park_Cyrus-2.png" decoding="async" width="65" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Olympic_Park_Cyrus-2.png/98px-Olympic_Park_Cyrus-2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Olympic_Park_Cyrus-2.png/130px-Olympic_Park_Cyrus-2.png 2x" data-file-width="708" data-file-height="886" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#B6AD9D;width:1%">Battles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persian_Revolt" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian Revolt">Persian Revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hyrba" title="Battle of Hyrba">Hyrba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Persian_Border" title="Battle of the Persian Border">Persian Border</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pasargadae" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Pasargadae">Pasargadae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pteria" title="Battle of Pteria">Pteria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Thymbra" title="Battle of Thymbra">Thymbra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Sardis_(547_BC)" title="Siege of Sardis (547 BC)">Sardis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Opis" title="Battle of Opis">Opis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#B6AD9D;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyrus" title="Cyrus">"Cyrus" (name)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasargadae" title="Pasargadae">Pasargadae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrus_Cylinder" title="Cyrus Cylinder">Cyrus Cylinder</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cyropaedia" title="Cyropaedia">Cyropaedia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Cyrus" class="mw-redirect" title="Tomb of Cyrus">Tomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrus_the_Great_in_the_Bible" title="Cyrus the Great in the Bible">Cyrus in the Bible</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edict_of_Cyrus" title="Edict of Cyrus">Edict of Cyrus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrus_the_Great_in_the_Quran" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyrus the Great in the Quran">Cyrus in the Quran</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dhul-Qarnayn" class="mw-redirect" title="Dhul-Qarnayn">Dhul-Qarnayn</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kay_Bahman" title="Kay Bahman">Kay Bahman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrus_the_Great_Day" title="Cyrus the Great Day">Cyrus the Great Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masoud_Jafari_Jozani" title="Masoud Jafari Jozani"><i>Cyrus the Great</i> (screenplay)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciro_riconosciuto" title="Ciro riconosciuto">Ciro riconosciuto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyropolis" title="Cyropolis">Cyropolis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background-color:#B6AD9D"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cyrus_the_Great" 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