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for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Atossa</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 35 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-35" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">35 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A7" title="أتوسا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أتوسا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Атоса – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Атоса" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Атоса – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Атоса" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Атоса – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Атоса" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atossa" title="Atossa – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Atossa" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atossa" title="Atossa – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Atossa" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%86%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%A0%CE%B5%CF%81%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Άτοσσα της Περσίας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Άτοσσα της Περσίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atosa" title="Atosa – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Atosa" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atosa" title="Atosa – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Atosa" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A7" title="آتوسا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آتوسا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atossa" title="Atossa – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Atossa" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atossa" title="Atossa – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Atossa" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%A9%D5%B8%D5%BD%D5%BD%D5%A1" title="Աթոսսա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Աթոսսա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atosa" title="Atosa – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Atosa" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atosa" title="Atosa – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Atosa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atossa" title="Atossa – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Atossa" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%94" title="אטוסה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אטוסה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atossa" title="Atossa – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Atossa" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atosa" title="Atosa – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Atosa" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A7" title="اتوسا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اتوسا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atossa" title="Atossa – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Atossa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atossa" title="Atossa – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Atossa" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%88%E3%83%83%E3%82%B5" title="アトッサ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アトッサ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atossa" title="Atossa – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Atossa" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atossa" title="Atossa – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Atossa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atossa" title="Atossa – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Atossa" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Атосса – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Атосса" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atosa" title="Atosa – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Atosa" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atosa" title="Atosa – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Atosa" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atossa" title="Atossa – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Atossa" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atossa" title="Atossa – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Atossa" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B2%D1%83%D1%82%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BE" title="Ҳутусо – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҳутусо" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atossa" title="Atossa – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Atossa" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Атосса – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Атосса" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%89%98%E6%92%92" title="阿托撒 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="阿托撒" 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Persian Achaemenid empress (550–475 BC)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Atossa_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Atossa (disambiguation)">Atossa (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output 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.mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%">Atossa</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Naghsh-e_rostam,_Ir%C3%A1n,_2016-09-24,_DD_25.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Naghsh-e_rostam%2C_Ir%C3%A1n%2C_2016-09-24%2C_DD_25.jpg/220px-Naghsh-e_rostam%2C_Ir%C3%A1n%2C_2016-09-24%2C_DD_25.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Naghsh-e_rostam%2C_Ir%C3%A1n%2C_2016-09-24%2C_DD_25.jpg/330px-Naghsh-e_rostam%2C_Ir%C3%A1n%2C_2016-09-24%2C_DD_25.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Naghsh-e_rostam%2C_Ir%C3%A1n%2C_2016-09-24%2C_DD_25.jpg/440px-Naghsh-e_rostam%2C_Ir%C3%A1n%2C_2016-09-24%2C_DD_25.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5580" data-file-height="8370" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-bottom:0.2em;padding-top:0.2em;">Tomb of Darius the Great, where Atossa was also buried</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Queen_mother" title="Queen mother">Queen mother</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Achaemenid Empire</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Tenure</th><td class="infobox-data">486–476 BC</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Coronation" title="Coronation">Coronation</a></th><td class="infobox-data">486 BC</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Amestris" title="Amestris">Amestris</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Queen_consort" title="Queen consort">Queen consort</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Achaemenid Empire</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Tenure</th><td class="infobox-data">520–486 BC</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Coronation</th><td class="infobox-data">520 BC</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cassandane" title="Cassandane">Cassandane</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Amestris" title="Amestris">Amestris</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><div style="height: 4px; width:100%;"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 550 BC</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">475 BC</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Burial</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="label"><a href="/wiki/Naqsh-e_Rostam" title="Naqsh-e Rostam">Naqsh-e Rostam</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Darius_the_Great" title="Darius the Great">Darius the Great</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Issue_(genealogy)" title="Issue (genealogy)">Issue</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Xerxes_I" title="Xerxes I">Xerxes I</a><br />Hystaspes<br /><a href="/wiki/Masistes" title="Masistes">Masistes</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Achaemenes_(satrap)" title="Achaemenes (satrap)">Achaemenes</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">House</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Achaemenid" class="mw-redirect" title="Achaemenid">Achaemenid</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Father</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cyrus_the_Great" title="Cyrus the Great">Cyrus the Great</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mother</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cassandane" title="Cassandane">Cassandane</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism" title="Zoroastrianism">Zoroastrianism</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Atossa</b> (<a href="/wiki/Old_Persian" title="Old Persian">Old Persian</a>: <i>Utauθa</i>, or <a href="/wiki/Old_Iranian" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Iranian">Old Iranian</a>: <i>Hutauθa</i>; 550–475 BC) was an <a href="/wiki/Achaemenid" class="mw-redirect" title="Achaemenid">Achaemenid</a> empress. She was the daughter of <a href="/wiki/Cyrus_the_Great" title="Cyrus the Great">Cyrus the Great</a>, the sister of <a href="/wiki/Cambyses_II" title="Cambyses II">Cambyses II</a>, the wife of <a href="/wiki/Darius_the_Great" title="Darius the Great">Darius the Great</a>, the mother of <a href="/wiki/Xerxes_the_Great" class="mw-redirect" title="Xerxes the Great">Xerxes the Great</a> and the grandmother of <a href="/wiki/Artaxerxes_I" title="Artaxerxes I">Artaxerxes I</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atossa&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The name "Atossa" (or "Atusa") means "bestowing very richly" or "well trickling" or "well granting". Atossa is the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Greek</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">Ἄτοσσα</span>) transliteration of the <a href="/wiki/Old_Persian" title="Old Persian">Old Persian</a> name <i>Utauθa.</i> Her name in <a href="/wiki/Avestan" title="Avestan">Avestan</a> is <i>Hutaosā</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchmitt198713–14_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchmitt198713–14-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life">Life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atossa&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Atossa was born in <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 550 BC</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchmitt198713–14_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchmitt198713–14-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was eldest daughter of <a href="/wiki/Cyrus_the_Great" title="Cyrus the Great">Cyrus the Great</a>; her mother may have been <a href="/wiki/Cassandane" title="Cassandane">Cassandane</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchmitt198713–14_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchmitt198713–14-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Greek sources she married her brother <a href="/wiki/Cambyses_II" title="Cambyses II">Cambyses II</a> after her father's death, yet it remains problematic to determine the reliability of these accounts.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Herodotus" title="Herodotus">Herodotus</a>, Cambyses supposedly married two of his sisters, Atossa and Roxane.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This would have been regarded as illegal. However, Herodotus also states that Cambyses married <a href="/wiki/Otanes_(son_of_Sisamnes)" title="Otanes (son of Sisamnes)">Otanes</a>' daughter Phaidyme, whilst his contemporary <a href="/wiki/Ctesias" title="Ctesias">Ctesias</a> names Roxane as Cambyses' wife, but she is not referred to as his sister.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Accusations against Cambyses for committing incest are used as a way to vilify him: painting him as mad and vain. This is a common historiographical issue faced in many older historical texts on Persia. For example, one of the primary records of his incestuous acts is from an Egyptian text which antagonizes many of his actions, far beyond incest. However, many of the allegations within the text, such as the killing of the <a href="/wiki/Apis_(deity)" title="Apis (deity)">Apis bull</a>, have been confirmed as false, which means that the report of Cambyses' supposed incestuous acts are also contestable.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When <a href="/wiki/Darius_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Darius I">Darius I</a> defeated the followers of a man claiming to be <a href="/wiki/Bardiya" title="Bardiya">Bardiya</a> (Smerdis), the younger brother of Cambyses II in 522 BC, he married Atossa.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchmitt198713–14_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchmitt198713–14-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Atossa played an important role in the Achaemenid royal family, as she bore Darius the Great the next Achaemenid king, <a href="/wiki/Xerxes_I" title="Xerxes I">Xerxes I</a>. </p><p>Atossa had great authority in the Achaemenid royal house and her marriage with Darius I is likely due to her power, influence and the fact that she was the daughter of the founder of the Achaemenid Empire.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchmitt198713–14_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchmitt198713–14-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Herodotus" title="Herodotus">Herodotus</a> records in <i><a href="/wiki/Histories_(Herodotus)" title="Histories (Herodotus)">The Histories</a></i> that Atossa was troubled by a bleeding lump in her breast. A Greek slave, <a href="/wiki/Democedes" title="Democedes">Democedes</a>, excised the tumor.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMukherjee201141_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMukherjee201141-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is the first recorded case of <a href="/wiki/Mastitis" title="Mastitis">mastitis</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> sometimes interpreted as a sign of an <a href="/wiki/Inflammatory_breast_cancer" title="Inflammatory breast cancer">inflammatory breast cancer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMukherjee201141_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMukherjee201141-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Xerxes_I" title="Xerxes I">Xerxes I</a> was the eldest son of Atossa and Darius. Atossa lived to see <a href="/wiki/Second_Persian_invasion_of_Greece" title="Second Persian invasion of Greece">Xerxes invade Greece</a>. Atossa's special position enabled Xerxes, who was not the eldest son of Darius, to succeed his father.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchmitt198713–14_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchmitt198713–14-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literary_references">Literary references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atossa&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Literary references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dariuslarge.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Dariuslarge.jpg/220px-Dariuslarge.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Dariuslarge.jpg/330px-Dariuslarge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Dariuslarge.jpg/440px-Dariuslarge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="797" /></a><figcaption>The ghost of <a href="/wiki/Darius_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Darius I">Darius</a> appears to Atossa in a scene from <i><a href="/wiki/The_Persians" title="The Persians">The Persians</a></i>.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Aeschylus" title="Aeschylus">Aeschylus</a> included her as a central character in his tragedy <i><a href="/wiki/The_Persians" title="The Persians">The Persians</a></i>. Atossa is also one of the major characters in the <a href="/wiki/Gore_Vidal" title="Gore Vidal">Gore Vidal</a> novel <i><a href="/wiki/Creation_(novel)" title="Creation (novel)">Creation</a></i>. </p><p>Atossa is included by Herodotus in his <i>The Histories</i> as a strong woman with considerable influence.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Herodotus even goes so far as to suggest that her wanting Hellene servant-girls was a reason for her husband Darius the Great deciding to begin <a href="/wiki/First_Persian_invasion_of_Greece" title="First Persian invasion of Greece"> a campaign against Greece</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in 492 BC. </p><p>In his non-fictional history of cancer, <a href="/wiki/The_Emperor_of_All_Maladies:_A_Biography_of_Cancer" class="mw-redirect" title="The Emperor of All Maladies: A Biography of Cancer"><i>The Emperor of All Maladies</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Siddhartha_Mukherjee" title="Siddhartha Mukherjee">Siddhartha Mukherjee</a> imagines Atossa traveling through time, encountering different diagnoses and treatments for her <a href="/wiki/Breast_cancer" title="Breast cancer">breast cancer</a>. Atossa becomes emblematic of cancer sufferers through history.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMukherjee2011463–467_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMukherjee2011463–467-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dr. <a href="/wiki/Jason_Fung" title="Jason Fung">Jason Fung</a>, in his book The Cancer Code, references Atossa's inflammatory breast cancer as written about by the contemporary Greek historian <a href="/wiki/Herodotus" title="Herodotus">Herodotus</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atossa&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Minor planet <a href="/wiki/810_Atossa" title="810 Atossa">810 Atossa</a> discovered by <a href="/wiki/Max_Wolf" title="Max Wolf">Max Wolf</a>, is named in her honor. </p><p>She is celebrated in <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Arnold" title="Matthew Arnold">Matthew Arnold's</a> 1882 poem ‘Poor Matthias’, which was about the death of a pet canary. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atossa&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchmitt198713–14-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchmitt198713–14_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchmitt198713–14_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchmitt198713–14_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchmitt198713–14_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchmitt198713–14_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchmitt198713–14_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSchmitt1987">Schmitt 1987</a>, pp. 13–14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Brosius, Maria (2000). "Women i. In Pre-Islamic Persia". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200313213156/http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/women-i">Archived copy</a>. Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. London et al. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/women-i">the original</a> on 2020-03-13. Retrieved 2019-09-21. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMukherjee201141-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMukherjee201141_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMukherjee201141_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMukherjee2011">Mukherjee 2011</a>, p. 41.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSandison1959" class="citation journal cs1">Sandison, A. T. (1959). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1034507">"The First Recorded Case of Inflammatory Mastitis— Queen Atossa of Persia and the Physician Democêdes"</a>. <i>Medical History</i>. <b>3</b> (4): 317–322. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fs0025727300024820">10.1017/s0025727300024820</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1034507">1034507</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14441415">14441415</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Medical+History&rft.atitle=The+First+Recorded+Case+of+Inflammatory+Mastitis%E2%80%94+Queen+Atossa+of+Persia+and+the+Physician+Democ%C3%AAdes&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=317-322&rft.date=1959&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1034507%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F14441415&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2Fs0025727300024820&rft.aulast=Sandison&rft.aufirst=A.+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1034507&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAtossa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Histories</i>, 3:88.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_History_of_Herodotus_(Rawlinson)/Book_3"><i>Histories</i>, Book 3</a> - "But Atossa rejoined:- 'Look now, this war with Scythia were best reserved awhile - for the Scythians may be conquered at any time. Prithee, lead me thy host first into Greece. I long to be served by some of those Lacedaemonian maids of whom I have heard so much. I want also Argive, and Athenian, and Corinthian women.' [...]"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMukherjee2011463–467-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMukherjee2011463–467_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMukherjee2011">Mukherjee 2011</a>, pp. 463–467.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atossa&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Atossa" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Atossa">Atossa</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoyce1982" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mary_Boyce" title="Mary Boyce">Boyce, Mary</a> (1982). <i>A History of Zoroastrianism: Volume II: Under the Achaemenians</i>. Leiden: Brill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004065062" title="Special:BookSources/9789004065062"><bdi>9789004065062</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Zoroastrianism%3A+Volume+II%3A+Under+the+Achaemenians&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=9789004065062&rft.aulast=Boyce&rft.aufirst=Mary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAtossa" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMukherjee2011" class="citation book cs1">Mukherjee, Siddhartha (2011). <i>The Emperor of All Maladies: A Biography of Cancer</i>. Harper Collins. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-00-725092-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-00-725092-9"><bdi>978-0-00-725092-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Emperor+of+All+Maladies%3A+A+Biography+of+Cancer&rft.pub=Harper+Collins&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-00-725092-9&rft.aulast=Mukherjee&rft.aufirst=Siddhartha&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAtossa" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchmitt1987" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Schmitt, R. (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/atossa-achaemenid-queen">"Atossa"</a>. <i>Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. III, Fasc. 1</i>. pp. 13–14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Atossa&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+Iranica%2C+Vol.+III%2C+Fasc.+1&rft.pages=13-14&rft.date=1987&rft.aulast=Schmitt&rft.aufirst=R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fatossa-achaemenid-queen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAtossa" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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href="/wiki/Template:Cyrus_the_Great" title="Template:Cyrus the Great"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cyrus_the_Great" title="Template talk:Cyrus the Great"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cyrus_the_Great" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cyrus the Great"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cyrus_the_Great" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cyrus_the_Great" title="Cyrus the Great">Cyrus the Great</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background-color:#B6AD9D"><div><a href="/wiki/Teispids" title="Teispids">Teispids</a>, <a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Achaemenid Empire</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#B6AD9D;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_family_tree" title="Achaemenid family tree">Family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cambyses_I" title="Cambyses I">Cambyses I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandane_of_Media" title="Mandane of Media">Mandane of Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassandane" title="Cassandane">Cassandane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amytis_of_Media" title="Amytis of Media">Amytis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Children</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cambyses_II" title="Cambyses II">Cambyses II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bardiya" title="Bardiya">Bardiya</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Atossa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artystone" title="Artystone">Artystone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Olympic_Park_Cyrus-2.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Cyrus the Great"><img alt="Cyrus the Great" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Olympic_Park_Cyrus-2.png/65px-Olympic_Park_Cyrus-2.png" decoding="async" width="65" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Olympic_Park_Cyrus-2.png/98px-Olympic_Park_Cyrus-2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Olympic_Park_Cyrus-2.png/130px-Olympic_Park_Cyrus-2.png 2x" data-file-width="708" data-file-height="886" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#B6AD9D;width:1%">Battles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persian_Revolt" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian Revolt">Persian Revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hyrba" title="Battle of Hyrba">Hyrba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Persian_Border" title="Battle of the Persian Border">Persian Border</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pasargadae" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Pasargadae">Pasargadae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pteria" title="Battle of Pteria">Pteria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Thymbra" title="Battle of Thymbra">Thymbra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Sardis_(547_BC)" title="Siege of Sardis (547 BC)">Sardis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Opis" title="Battle of Opis">Opis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#B6AD9D;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyrus" title="Cyrus">"Cyrus" (name)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasargadae" title="Pasargadae">Pasargadae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrus_Cylinder" title="Cyrus Cylinder">Cyrus Cylinder</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cyropaedia" title="Cyropaedia">Cyropaedia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Cyrus" class="mw-redirect" title="Tomb of Cyrus">Tomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrus_the_Great_in_the_Bible" title="Cyrus the Great in the Bible">Cyrus in the Bible</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edict_of_Cyrus" title="Edict of Cyrus">Edict of Cyrus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrus_the_Great_in_the_Quran" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyrus the Great in the Quran">Cyrus in the Quran</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dhul-Qarnayn" class="mw-redirect" title="Dhul-Qarnayn">Dhul-Qarnayn</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kay_Bahman" title="Kay Bahman">Kay Bahman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrus_the_Great_Day" title="Cyrus the Great Day">Cyrus the Great Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masoud_Jafari_Jozani" title="Masoud Jafari Jozani"><i>Cyrus the Great</i> (screenplay)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciro_riconosciuto" title="Ciro riconosciuto">Ciro riconosciuto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyropolis" title="Cyropolis">Cyropolis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background-color:#B6AD9D"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cyrus_the_Great" title="Category:Cyrus the Great">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Queens_of_Ancient_Egypt" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Queens_of_Ancient_Egypt" title="Template:Queens of Ancient Egypt"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Queens_of_Ancient_Egypt" title="Template talk:Queens of Ancient Egypt"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Queens_of_Ancient_Egypt" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Queens of Ancient Egypt"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Queens_of_Ancient_Egypt" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Egyptian_royal_consorts" title="List of ancient Egyptian royal consorts">Queens of Ancient Egypt</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Protodynastic_Period_to_First_Intermediate_Period_(" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Naqada_III" title="Naqada III">Protodynastic Period</a> to <a href="/wiki/First_Intermediate_Period_of_Egypt" title="First Intermediate Period of Egypt">First Intermediate Period</a> <span class="nobold"><span style="font-size:85%;"> (<3150–2040 BC)</span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Period" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Period</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Dynasty" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Dynasty</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd navbox-group" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nobold">Pharaoh<sup><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Double_crown.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/15px-Double_crown.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/23px-Double_crown.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/30px-Double_crown.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="375" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></sup></span></li> <li><span class="nobold"><i>uncertain</i></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><a href="/wiki/Early_Dynastic_Period_(Egypt)" title="Early Dynastic Period (Egypt)">Early Dynastic</a><br /><span class="nobold"><span style="font-size:85%;">(3150–2686 BC)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/First_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="First Dynasty of Egypt">I</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neithhotep" title="Neithhotep">Neithhotep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benerib" title="Benerib">Benerib</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Khenthap" title="Khenthap">Khenthap</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herneith" title="Herneith">Herneith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakhtneith" title="Nakhtneith">Nakhtneith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penebui" title="Penebui">Penebui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merneith" title="Merneith">Merneith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seshemetka" title="Seshemetka">Seshemetka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semat" title="Semat">Semat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serethor" title="Serethor">Serethor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betrest" title="Betrest">Betrest</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Second_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Second Dynasty of Egypt">II</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Menka_(queen)" title="Menka (queen)">Menka</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimaathap" title="Nimaathap">Nimaathap</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><a href="/wiki/Old_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Old Kingdom of Egypt">Old Kingdom</a><br /><span class="nobold"><span style="font-size:85%;">(2686–2181 BC)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Third_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Third Dynasty of Egypt">III</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hetephernebti" title="Hetephernebti">Hetephernebti</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Djeseretnebti" title="Djeseretnebti">Djeseretnebti</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djefatnebti" title="Djefatnebti">Djefatnebti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meresankh_I" title="Meresankh I">Meresankh I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Fourth Dynasty of Egypt">IV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hetepheres_I" title="Hetepheres I">Hetepheres I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meritites_I" title="Meritites I">Meritites I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henutsen" title="Henutsen">Henutsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khentetka" title="Khentetka">Khentetka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meresankh_II" title="Meresankh II">Meresankh II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hetepheres_II" title="Hetepheres II">Hetepheres II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meresankh_III" title="Meresankh III">Meresankh III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khamerernebty_I" title="Khamerernebty I">Khamerernebty I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persenet" title="Persenet">Persenet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hekenuhedjet" title="Hekenuhedjet">Hekenuhedjet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khamerernebty_II" title="Khamerernebty II">Khamerernebty II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rekhetre" title="Rekhetre">Rekhetre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bunefer" title="Bunefer">Bunefer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Fifth Dynasty of Egypt">V</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khentkaus_I" title="Khentkaus I">Khentkaus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferhetepes_(wife_of_Userkaf)" title="Neferhetepes (wife of Userkaf)">Neferhetepes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meretnebty" title="Meretnebty">Meretnebty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khentkaus_II" title="Khentkaus II">Khentkaus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khentkaus_III" title="Khentkaus III">Khentkaus III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reptynub" title="Reptynub">Reptynub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khuit_I" title="Khuit I">Khuit I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebunebty" title="Nebunebty">Nebunebty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meresankh_IV" title="Meresankh IV">Meresankh IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Setibhor" title="Setibhor">Setibhor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebet_(queen)" title="Nebet (queen)">Nebet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khenut" title="Khenut">Khenut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimaathap_II" title="Nimaathap II">Nimaathap II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Sixth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Sixth Dynasty of Egypt">VI</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iput" title="Iput">Iput I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khuit" class="mw-redirect" title="Khuit">Khuit II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ankhesenpepi_I" title="Ankhesenpepi I">Ankhesenpepi I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ankhesenpepi_II" title="Ankhesenpepi II">Ankhesenpepi II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nubwenet" title="Nubwenet">Nubwenet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meritites_IV" title="Meritites IV">Meritites IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inenek-Inti" title="Inenek-Inti">Inenek-Inti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nedjeftet" title="Nedjeftet">Nedjeftet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neith_(wife_of_Pepi_II)" title="Neith (wife of Pepi II)">Neith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iput_II" title="Iput II">Iput II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udjebten" title="Udjebten">Udjebten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ankhesenpepi_III" title="Ankhesenpepi III">Ankhesenpepi III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ankhesenpepi_IV" title="Ankhesenpepi IV">Ankhesenpepi IV</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nitocris" title="Nitocris">Nitocris</a></i> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Double_crown.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/15px-Double_crown.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/23px-Double_crown.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/30px-Double_crown.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="375" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Middle_Kingdom_and_Second_Intermediate_Period_(2040–1550_BC)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Middle_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Middle Kingdom of Egypt">Middle Kingdom</a> and <a href="/wiki/Second_Intermediate_Period_of_Egypt" title="Second Intermediate Period of Egypt">Second Intermediate Period</a> <span class="nobold"><span style="font-size:85%;"> (2040–1550 BC)</span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Period</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Dynasty" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Dynasty</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd navbox-group" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nobold">Pharaoh<sup><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Double_crown.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/15px-Double_crown.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/23px-Double_crown.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/30px-Double_crown.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="375" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></sup></span></li> <li><span class="nobold"><i>uncertain</i></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><a href="/wiki/Middle_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Middle Kingdom of Egypt">Middle Kingdom</a><br /><span class="nobold"><span style="font-size:85%;">(2040–1802 BC)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;4.75em"><a href="/wiki/Eleventh_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Eleventh Dynasty of Egypt">XI</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neferu_I" title="Neferu I">Neferu I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferukayet" title="Neferukayet">Neferukayet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iah_(queen)" title="Iah (queen)">Iah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tem_(queen)" title="Tem (queen)">Tem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferu_II" title="Neferu II">Neferu II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashayet" title="Ashayet">Ashayet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henhenet" title="Henhenet">Henhenet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadeh_(queen)" title="Sadeh (queen)">Sadeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawit_(queen)" title="Kawit (queen)">Kawit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemsit" title="Kemsit">Kemsit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;4.75em"><a href="/wiki/Twelfth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt">XII</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Neferitatjenen" title="Neferitatjenen">Neferitatjenen</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferu_III" title="Neferu III">Neferu III</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Keminub" title="Keminub">Keminub</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senet_(queen)" title="Senet (queen)">Senet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khenemetneferhedjet_I" title="Khenemetneferhedjet I">Khenemetneferhedjet I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nofret_II" title="Nofret II">Nofret II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khenmet" title="Khenmet">Khenmet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khenemetneferhedjet_II" title="Khenemetneferhedjet II">Khenemetneferhedjet II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferthenut" title="Neferthenut">Neferthenut</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Meretseger_(queen)" title="Meretseger (queen)">Meretseger</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aat_(queen)" title="Aat (queen)">Aat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khenemetneferhedjet_III" title="Khenemetneferhedjet III">Khenemetneferhedjet III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobekneferu" title="Sobekneferu">Sobekneferu</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Double_crown.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/15px-Double_crown.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/23px-Double_crown.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/30px-Double_crown.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="375" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><a href="/wiki/Second_Intermediate_Period_of_Egypt" title="Second Intermediate Period of Egypt">2<sup>nd</sup> Intermediate</a><br /><span class="nobold"><span style="font-size:85%;">(1802–1550 BC)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;4.75em"><a href="/wiki/Thirteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Thirteenth Dynasty of Egypt">XIII</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nofret_(13th_Dynasty_queen)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nofret (13th Dynasty queen)">Nofret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nubhetepti" title="Nubhetepti">Nubhetepti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senebhenas" title="Senebhenas">Senebhenas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neni" title="Neni">Neni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senebsen" title="Senebsen">Senebsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tjan_(queen)" title="Tjan (queen)">Tjan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ineni_(queen)" title="Ineni (queen)">Ineni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nubkhaes" title="Nubkhaes">Nubkhaes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aya_(queen)" title="Aya (queen)">Aya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abetni" title="Abetni">Abetni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satsobek" title="Satsobek">Satsobek</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;4.75em"><a href="/wiki/Fourteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Fourteenth Dynasty of Egypt">XIV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tati_(queen)" title="Tati (queen)">Tati</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;4.75em"><a href="/wiki/Sixteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Sixteenth Dynasty of Egypt">XVI</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mentuhotep_(queen)" title="Mentuhotep (queen)">Mentuhotep</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;4.75em"><a href="/wiki/Seventeenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Seventeenth Dynasty of Egypt">XVII</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nubemhat" title="Nubemhat">Nubemhat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobekemsaf_(queen)" title="Sobekemsaf (queen)">Sobekemsaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haankhes" title="Haankhes">Haankhes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetisheri" title="Tetisheri">Tetisheri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahhotep_I" title="Ahhotep I">Ahhotep I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmose_Inhapy" title="Ahmose Inhapy">Ahmose Inhapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitdjehuti" title="Sitdjehuti">Sitdjehuti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahhotep_II" title="Ahhotep II">Ahhotep II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="New_Kingdom_and_Third_Intermediate_Period_(1550–664_BC)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/New_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="New Kingdom of Egypt">New Kingdom</a> and <a href="/wiki/Third_Intermediate_Period_of_Egypt" title="Third Intermediate Period of Egypt">Third Intermediate Period</a> <span class="nobold"><span style="font-size:85%;"> (1550–664 BC)</span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Period</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Dynasty" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Dynasty</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd navbox-group" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nobold">Pharaoh<sup><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Double_crown.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/15px-Double_crown.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/23px-Double_crown.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/30px-Double_crown.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="375" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></sup></span></li> <li><span class="nobold"><i>uncertain</i></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><a href="/wiki/New_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="New Kingdom of Egypt">New Kingdom</a><br /><span class="nobold"><span style="font-size:85%;">(1550–1070 BC)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Eighteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt">XVIII</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmose-Nefertari" title="Ahmose-Nefertari">Ahmose-Nefertari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmose-Sitkamose" title="Ahmose-Sitkamose">Ahmose-Sitkamose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmose-Henuttamehu" title="Ahmose-Henuttamehu">Ahmose-Henuttamehu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmose-Meritamun" title="Ahmose-Meritamun">Ahmose-Meritamun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmose_(queen)" title="Ahmose (queen)">Ahmose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutnofret" title="Mutnofret">Mutnofret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatshepsut" title="Hatshepsut">Hatshepsut</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Double_crown.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/15px-Double_crown.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/23px-Double_crown.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/30px-Double_crown.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="375" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iset_(queen)" title="Iset (queen)">Iset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satiah" title="Satiah">Satiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merytre-Hatshepsut" title="Merytre-Hatshepsut">Merytre-Hatshepsut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebtu" title="Nebtu">Nebtu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menhet,_Menwi_and_Merti" title="Menhet, Menwi and Merti">Menhet, Menwi and Merti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebsemi" title="Nebsemi">Nebsemi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiaa" title="Tiaa">Tiaa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nefertari_(18th_dynasty)" title="Nefertari (18th dynasty)">Nefertari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iaret" title="Iaret">Iaret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutemwiya" title="Mutemwiya">Mutemwiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiye" title="Tiye">Tiye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilukhipa" title="Gilukhipa">Gilukhipa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitamun" title="Sitamun">Sitamun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iset_(daughter_of_Amenhotep_III)" title="Iset (daughter of Amenhotep III)">Iset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tadukhipa" title="Tadukhipa">Tadukhipa</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kiya" title="Kiya">Kiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nefertiti" title="Nefertiti">Nefertiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meritaten" title="Meritaten">Meritaten</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Neferneferuaten" title="Neferneferuaten">Neferneferuaten</a></i> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Double_crown.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/15px-Double_crown.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/23px-Double_crown.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/30px-Double_crown.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="375" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ankhesenamun" title="Ankhesenamun">Ankhesenamun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tey" title="Tey">Tey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutnedjmet" title="Mutnedjmet">Mutnedjmet</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nebetnehat" title="Nebetnehat">Nebetnehat</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Nineteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt">XIX</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sitre" title="Sitre">Sitre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuya_(queen)" title="Tuya (queen)">Tuya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanedjemet" title="Tanedjemet">Tanedjemet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nefertari" title="Nefertari">Nefertari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isetnofret" title="Isetnofret">Isetnofret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henutmire" title="Henutmire">Henutmire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maathorneferure" title="Maathorneferure">Maathorneferure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meritamen" title="Meritamen">Meritamen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bintanath" title="Bintanath">Bintanath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebettawy" title="Nebettawy">Nebettawy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merytre" title="Merytre">Merytre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isetnofret_II" title="Isetnofret II">Isetnofret II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takhat" title="Takhat">Takhat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twosret" class="mw-redirect" title="Twosret">Twosret</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Double_crown.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/15px-Double_crown.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/23px-Double_crown.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/30px-Double_crown.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="375" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiaa_(wife_of_Seti_II)" title="Tiaa (wife of Seti II)">Tiaa</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Anuketemheb" title="Anuketemheb">Anuketemheb</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Twentieth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twentieth Dynasty of Egypt">XX</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tiy-Merenese" title="Tiy-Merenese">Tiy-Merenese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iset_Ta-Hemdjert" title="Iset Ta-Hemdjert">Iset Ta-Hemdjert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyti" title="Tyti">Tyti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiye_(20th_dynasty)" title="Tiye (20th dynasty)">Tiye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duatentopet" title="Duatentopet">Duatentopet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henutwati" title="Henutwati">Henutwati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tawerettenru" title="Tawerettenru">Tawerettenru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nubkhesbed" title="Nubkhesbed">Nubkhesbed</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Baketwernel" title="Baketwernel">Baketwernel</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tentamun_(20th_dynasty)" title="Tentamun (20th dynasty)">Tentamun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><a href="/wiki/Third_Intermediate_Period_of_Egypt" title="Third Intermediate Period of Egypt">3<sup>rd</sup> Intermediate</a><br /><span class="nobold"><span style="font-size:85%;">(1069–664 BC)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Twenty-first_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-first Dynasty of Egypt">XXI</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tentamun_(21st_dynasty)" title="Tentamun (21st dynasty)">Tentamun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutnedjmet_(21st_dynasty)" title="Mutnedjmet (21st dynasty)">Mutnedjmet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karimala" title="Karimala">Karimala</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Twenty-second_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-second Dynasty of Egypt">XXII</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karomama_A" title="Karomama A">Karomama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penreshnes" title="Penreshnes">Penreshnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maatkare_B" title="Maatkare B">Maatkare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tashedkhonsu" title="Tashedkhonsu">Tashedkhonsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nesitaudjatakhet" title="Nesitaudjatakhet">Nesitaudjatakhet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nesitanebetashru" title="Nesitanebetashru">Nesitanebetashru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapes" title="Kapes">Kapes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karomama_I" title="Karomama I">Karomama I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tadibast_III" title="Tadibast III">Tadibast III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Twenty-third_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-third Dynasty of Egypt">XXIII</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karomama_II" title="Karomama II">Karomama II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Twenty-fifth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt">XXV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pebatjma" title="Pebatjma">Pebatjma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabiry" title="Tabiry">Tabiry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abar_(Queen)" class="mw-redirect" title="Abar (Queen)">Abar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khensa" title="Khensa">Khensa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peksater" title="Peksater">Peksater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arty_(Queen)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arty (Queen)">Arty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qalhata" title="Qalhata">Qalhata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabekenamun" title="Tabekenamun">Tabekenamun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takahatenamun" title="Takahatenamun">Takahatenamun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naparaye" title="Naparaye">Naparaye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atakhebasken" title="Atakhebasken">Atakhebasken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaqaye" title="Malaqaye">Malaqaye</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Late_Period_and_Hellenistic_Period_(664–30_BC)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Late_Period_of_ancient_Egypt" title="Late Period of ancient Egypt">Late Period</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_Kingdom#History" title="Ptolemaic Kingdom">Hellenistic Period</a> <span class="nobold"><span style="font-size:85%;"> (664–30 BC)</span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Period</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Dynasty" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Dynasty</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd navbox-group" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nobold">Pharaoh<sup><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Double_crown.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/15px-Double_crown.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/23px-Double_crown.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/30px-Double_crown.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="375" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></sup></span></li> <li><span class="nobold"><i>uncertain</i></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><a href="/wiki/Late_Period_of_ancient_Egypt" title="Late Period of ancient Egypt">Late</a><br /><span class="nobold"><span style="font-size:85%;">(664–332 BC)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Twenty-sixth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt">XXVI</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mehytenweskhet" title="Mehytenweskhet">Mehytenweskhet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khedebneithirbinet_I" title="Khedebneithirbinet I">Khedebneithirbinet I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takhuit" title="Takhuit">Takhuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tentkheta" title="Tentkheta">Tentkheta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakhtubasterau" title="Nakhtubasterau">Nakhtubasterau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladice_(Cyrenaean_princess)" title="Ladice (Cyrenaean princess)">Ladice</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Twenty-seventh_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-seventh Dynasty of Egypt">XXVII</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Atossa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artystone" title="Artystone">Artystone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parmys" title="Parmys">Parmys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amestris" title="Amestris">Amestris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damaspia" title="Damaspia">Damaspia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parysatis" title="Parysatis">Parysatis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Thirty-first_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Thirty-first Dynasty of Egypt">XXXI</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stateira_(wife_of_Darius_III)" title="Stateira (wife of Darius III)">Stateira I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_Kingdom#History" title="Ptolemaic Kingdom">Hellenistic</a><br /><span class="nobold"><span style="font-size:85%;">(332–30 BC)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Argead_dynasty" title="Argead dynasty">Argead</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roxana" title="Roxana">Roxana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stateira_(wife_of_Alexander_the_Great)" title="Stateira (wife of Alexander the Great)">Stateira II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parysatis_II" title="Parysatis II">Parysatis II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurydice_II_of_Macedon" title="Eurydice II of Macedon">Eurydice II of Macedon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_dynasty" title="Ptolemaic dynasty">Ptolemaic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eurydice_of_Egypt" title="Eurydice of Egypt">Eurydice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berenice_I_of_Egypt" title="Berenice I of Egypt">Berenice I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsinoe_I" title="Arsinoe I">Arsinoe I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsinoe_II" title="Arsinoe II">Arsinoe II</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Double_crown.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/15px-Double_crown.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/23px-Double_crown.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/30px-Double_crown.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="375" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berenice_II_of_Egypt" title="Berenice II of Egypt">Berenice II</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Double_crown.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/15px-Double_crown.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/23px-Double_crown.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/30px-Double_crown.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="375" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsinoe_III_of_Egypt" title="Arsinoe III of Egypt">Arsinoe III</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Double_crown.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/15px-Double_crown.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/23px-Double_crown.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/30px-Double_crown.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="375" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_I_Syra" title="Cleopatra I Syra">Cleopatra I Syra</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Double_crown.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/15px-Double_crown.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/23px-Double_crown.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/30px-Double_crown.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="375" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_II" title="Cleopatra II">Cleopatra II</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Double_crown.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/15px-Double_crown.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/23px-Double_crown.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/30px-Double_crown.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="375" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_III" title="Cleopatra III">Cleopatra III</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Double_crown.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/15px-Double_crown.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/23px-Double_crown.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/30px-Double_crown.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="375" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_IV" title="Cleopatra IV">Cleopatra IV</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Double_crown.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/15px-Double_crown.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/23px-Double_crown.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/30px-Double_crown.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="375" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_Selene_of_Syria" title="Cleopatra Selene of Syria">Cleopatra Selene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berenice_III" title="Berenice III">Berenice III</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Double_crown.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/15px-Double_crown.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/23px-Double_crown.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/30px-Double_crown.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="375" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_V" title="Cleopatra V">Cleopatra V</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Double_crown.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/15px-Double_crown.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/23px-Double_crown.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/30px-Double_crown.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="375" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_VI" title="Cleopatra VI">Cleopatra VI</a></i> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Double_crown.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/15px-Double_crown.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/23px-Double_crown.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/30px-Double_crown.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="375" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berenice_IV" title="Berenice IV">Berenice IV</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Double_crown.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/15px-Double_crown.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/23px-Double_crown.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/30px-Double_crown.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="375" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra" title="Cleopatra">Cleopatra VII</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Double_crown.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/15px-Double_crown.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/23px-Double_crown.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/30px-Double_crown.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="375" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsinoe_IV" title="Arsinoe IV">Arsinoe IV</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Double_crown.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/15px-Double_crown.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/23px-Double_crown.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/30px-Double_crown.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="375" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Dynastic_genealogies" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Dynastic genealogies</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Dynasty_of_Egypt_family_tree" title="First Dynasty of Egypt family tree">1<sup>st</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_Dynasty_of_Egypt_family_tree&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Second Dynasty of Egypt family tree (page does not exist)">2<sup>nd</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Third_Dynasty_of_Egypt_family_tree&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Third Dynasty of Egypt family tree (page does not exist)">3<sup>rd</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Dynasty_of_Egypt_family_tree" title="Fourth Dynasty of Egypt family tree">4<sup>th</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleventh_Dynasty_of_Egypt_family_tree" title="Eleventh Dynasty of Egypt family tree">11<sup>th</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelfth_Dynasty_of_Egypt_family_tree" title="Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt family tree">12<sup>th</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt_family_tree" title="Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt family tree">18<sup>th</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nineteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt_family_tree" title="Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt family tree">19<sup>th</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twentieth_Dynasty_of_Egypt_family_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="Twentieth Dynasty of Egypt family tree">20<sup>th</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/21st,_22nd_%26_23rd_dynasties_of_Egypt_family_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="21st, 22nd & 23rd dynasties of Egypt family tree">21<sup>st</sup> to 23<sup>rd</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-fourth_Dynasty_of_Egypt#Family_tree" title="Twenty-fourth Dynasty of Egypt">24<sup>th</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-fifth_Dynasty_of_Egypt_family_tree" title="Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt family tree">25<sup>th</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-sixth_Dynasty_of_Egypt_family_tree" title="Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt family tree">26<sup>th</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_family_tree" title="Achaemenid family tree">27<sup>th</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirtieth_Dynasty_of_Egypt#Family_tree" title="Thirtieth Dynasty of Egypt">30<sup>th</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_family_tree" title="Achaemenid family tree">31<sup>st</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_family_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolemaic family tree">Ptolemaic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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