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Most of the colonies settled in man-made structures such" /> <title>(PDF) Long term trends and breeding parameters of Gull-billed Tern Gelochelidon nilotica in three Italian coastal sites.</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/44153393/Long_term_trends_and_breeding_parameters_of_Gull_billed_Tern_Gelochelidon_nilotica_in_three_Italian_coastal_sites" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '28545c9f35c69dd5483332f7da3d1432d44ecb79'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1740594866000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1740594866000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","abstract":"Between 2001 and 2018 colonies of Gull-billed Tern were monitored in large wetland complexes of Veneto (lagoon of Venice and the Northern Po Delta) and Sardinia (western and southern) regions. Most of the colonies settled in man-made structures such as islets, levees, dams, located inside fish farms, fish ponds and salt pans. Laying took place around half May until early June (Veneto), with eggs occurring in the nests until half July (Sardinia). Colonies had 3-230 pairs, with several instances of isolated pairs; colonies were mono- or plurispecific, with other Charadriiformes. The number of eggs per clutch was 2.6±0.6 (N=111, 1 SD) in the Venice lagoon, 2.6±0.6 (N=182) in the Po delta, 2.3±0.70 (N=1007) in Sardinia; hatched eggs were 2.2±0.6 (N=111), 2.0±0.7 (N=182) and 1.7±0.67 (N=40) per nest, respectively. The most important cause of breeding failure was due to flooding of nesting sites, due to the rapid increase of water levels inside fish farms and salt pans. During the 2001-2018 years, the Gull-billed Tern nested regularly in Sardinia, whereas in the Po Delta the first nesting occurred in 2001 and in the lagoon of Venice in 2008. The whole population ranged between 34 and 417 pairs until 2017 (223.6±113.4, N=17), with a sudden increase up to almost 1,000 pairs in 2018; the overall trend is of strong increase (p\u0026amp;lt;0.01), with an annual rate of 10.5%.","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Marcello Grussu","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MarcelloGrussu"}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2020-09-24","dateModified":"2020-09-24","datePublished":"2019-01-01","headline":"Long term trends and breeding parameters of Gull-billed Tern Gelochelidon nilotica in three Italian coastal sites.","identifier":{"@type":"PropertyValue","propertyID":"DOI","value":"10.4081/rio.2019.438"},"image":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/77830710/thumbnails/1.jpg","inLanguage":"en","keywords":["Breeding","Survey Research","Italy","Ornitology"],"locationCreated":"Milano","publication":"Rivista italiana di Ornitologia-Research in 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window.loswp.previewableAttachments = [{"id":77830710,"identifier":"Attachment_77830710","shouldShowBulkDownload":false}]; window.loswp.shouldDetectTimezone = true; window.loswp.shouldShowBulkDownload = true; window.loswp.showSignupCaptcha = false window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":44153393,"created_at":"2020-09-24T00:17:03.244-07:00","from_world_paper_id":null,"updated_at":"2022-01-01T01:51:10.232-08:00","_data":{"doi":"10.4081/rio.2019.438","issue":"2","volume":"89","abstract":"Between 2001 and 2018 colonies of Gull-billed Tern\r\nwere monitored in large wetland complexes of Veneto (lagoon of\r\nVenice and the Northern Po Delta) and Sardinia (western and southern)\r\nregions. Most of the colonies settled in man-made structures such as\r\nislets, levees, dams, located inside fish farms, fish ponds and salt pans.\r\nLaying took place around half May until early June (Veneto), with eggs\r\noccurring in the nests until half July (Sardinia). Colonies had 3-230\r\npairs, with several instances of isolated pairs; colonies were mono- or\r\nplurispecific, with other Charadriiformes. The number of eggs per clutch\r\nwas 2.6±0.6 (N=111, 1 SD) in the Venice lagoon, 2.6±0.6 (N=182) in\r\nthe Po delta, 2.3±0.70 (N=1007) in Sardinia; hatched eggs were 2.2±0.6\r\n(N=111), 2.0±0.7 (N=182) and 1.7±0.67 (N=40) per nest, respectively.\r\nThe most important cause of breeding failure was due to flooding of\r\nnesting sites, due to the rapid increase of water levels inside fish farms\r\nand salt pans. During the 2001-2018 years, the Gull-billed Tern nested\r\nregularly in Sardinia, whereas in the Po Delta the first nesting occurred\r\nin 2001 and in the lagoon of Venice in 2008. The whole population\r\nranged between 34 and 417 pairs until 2017 (223.6±113.4, N=17), with\r\na sudden increase up to almost 1,000 pairs in 2018; the overall trend is\r\nof strong increase (p\u003c0.01), with an annual rate of 10.5%.","location":"Milano","journal_name":"Rivista italiana di Ornitologia-Research in Ornithology","organization":"Società Italiana di Scienze Naturali","page_numbers":"11-20","publication_date":"2019,,","publication_name":"Rivista italiana di Ornitologia-Research in Ornithology"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Long term trends and breeding parameters of Gull-billed Tern Gelochelidon nilotica in three Italian coastal sites.","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [21712785]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon'; window.userInChina = "false";</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":77830710,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Long term trends and breeding parameters of Gull-billed Tern Gelochelidon nilotica in three Italian coastal sites.”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/77830710/mini_magick20220101-21036-19e3s81.png?1641027739" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Long term trends and breeding parameters of Gull-billed Tern Gelochelidon nilotica in three Italian coastal sites.</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="21712785" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MarcelloGrussu"><img alt="Profile image of Marcello Grussu" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/21712785/5968458/19184445/s65_marcello.grussu.jpg" />Marcello Grussu</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2019, Rivista italiana di Ornitologia-Research in Ornithology</p><a class="js-loswp-work-card-doi-link ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" href="https://doi.org/10.4081/rio.2019.438" rel="nofollow">https://doi.org/10.4081/rio.2019.438</a><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">11 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 44153393; 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if (!viewCountBody) { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } catch (error) { // Remove the whole views element if there was some issue parsing. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); throw new Error(`Failed to parse view count: ${viewCount}`, error); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">Between 2001 and 2018 colonies of Gull-billed Tern were monitored in large wetland complexes of Veneto (lagoon of Venice and the Northern Po Delta) and Sardinia (western and southern) regions. Most of the colonies settled in man-made structures such as islets, levees, dams, located inside fish farms, fish ponds and salt pans. Laying took place around half May until early June (Veneto), with eggs occurring in the nests until half July (Sardinia). Colonies had 3-230 pairs, with several instances of isolated pairs; colonies were mono- or plurispecific, with other Charadriiformes. The number of eggs per clutch was 2.6±0.6 (N=111, 1 SD) in the Venice lagoon, 2.6±0.6 (N=182) in the Po delta, 2.3±0.70 (N=1007) in Sardinia; hatched eggs were 2.2±0.6 (N=111), 2.0±0.7 (N=182) and 1.7±0.67 (N=40) per nest, respectively. The most important cause of breeding failure was due to flooding of nesting sites, due to the rapid increase of water levels inside fish farms and salt pans. During the 2001-2018 years, the Gull-billed Tern nested regularly in Sardinia, whereas in the Po Delta the first nesting occurred in 2001 and in the lagoon of Venice in 2008. The whole population ranged between 34 and 417 pairs until 2017 (223.6±113.4, N=17), with a sudden increase up to almost 1,000 pairs in 2018; the overall trend is of strong increase (p<0.01), with an annual rate of 10.5%.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":77830710,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/44153393/Long_term_trends_and_breeding_parameters_of_Gull_billed_Tern_Gelochelidon_nilotica_in_three_Italian_coastal_sites"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":77830710,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/44153393/Long_term_trends_and_breeding_parameters_of_Gull_billed_Tern_Gelochelidon_nilotica_in_three_Italian_coastal_sites"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger-container"><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger ds-signup-banner-trigger-control"></div></div><div class="ds-signup-banner ds-signup-banner-control"><div id="ds-signup-banner-close-button"><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary ds2-5-button--inverse"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">close</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-ctas" data-impression-entity-id="44153393" data-impression-entity-type="2" data-impression-source="signup-banner"><img src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-capital-white.svg" /><h4 class="ds2-5-heading-serif-sm">Sign up for access to the world's latest research</h4><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--inverse ds2-5-button--full-width js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"signup-banner"}">Sign up for free<span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">arrow_forward</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-divider"></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons"><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Get notified about relevant papers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Save papers to use in your research</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Join the discussion with peers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Track your impact</span></div></div></div><script>(() => { // Set up signup banner show/hide behavior: // 1. 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Six species have been recorded (Larus michahellis, Chroicocephalus ridibundus, Larus melanocephalus, Ster-nula albifrons, Sterna hirundo, Sterna sandvicensis). Over the study period, 346 colonies were surveyed; they were located on saltmarsh islets, dredge islands and other artificial sites, in descending order of importance. Beaches were used only at the beginning of the survey. About 4,900 pairs bred in the 2009-2013 years. The community has been always dominated by L. michahellis; in the 2009-2013, this species and S. sandvicensis comprised about 70% of the total. The long-term trends show moderate increase in the size of the whole community. Contrasting trends were observed in different species, with L. michahellis, S. albifrons and S. sandvicensis stable or increasing, whereas C. ridibundus and S. hirundo were declining. The number of pairs nesting on artificial sites increased over the last 15 years, while those on saltmarsh islets decreased correspondingly. This was possibly a response to the increase of mean sea level and storminess observed in the last twenty-five years. S. albifrons and S. sandvicensis populations reached national importance; the population of the latter species is noteworthy at a Mediterranean level.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Long-term trends (1989-2013) in the seabird community breeding in the lagoon of Venice (Italy","attachmentId":47861322,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/27598557/Long_term_trends_1989_2013_in_the_seabird_community_breeding_in_the_lagoon_of_Venice_Italy","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/27598557/Long_term_trends_1989_2013_in_the_seabird_community_breeding_in_the_lagoon_of_Venice_Italy"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="5275983" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5275983/Population_Trend_Colony_Size_and_Distribution_of_Little_Terns_in_the_Lagoon_of_Venice_Italy_between_1989_and_2003">Population Trend, Colony Size and Distribution of Little Terns in the Lagoon of Venice (Italy) between 1989 and 2003</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="7247160" href="https://independent.academia.edu/FRANCESCOSCARTON">FRANCESCO SCARTON</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Waterbirds, 2008</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Between 1989 and 2003 colonies of Little Terns ( Sterna albifrons ) occurring in the lagoon of Venice (55,000 ha; Italy) have been surveyed. Each year the number of breeding pairs ranged between 31 (in 1997) and 611 (in 1995), with a yearly mean of 205 (SD = ±163). An overall stability in breeding numbers was observed, with an increase from 1989 to 1995 and a decrease afterwards. 34 sites were used; 13 (38%) were saltmarsh islets, twelve (35%) dredge islands, four (12%) beaches and the remaining five (15%) artificial beaches. Colony size median ranged between 25 and 15 pairs, with no differences among site typology. Sites used each year ranged between one and twelve, with a mean of 4.7 ± 3.0 sites. Turn over rate was high, 60%, and it did not vary significantly among colony sites type. Larger colonies were not more stable than smaller ones. Despite historically breeding at both beaches and saltmarshes, over the 15 years of study a shift in colony sites from beaches to saltmarshes and from these to dredge islands has been documented. 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class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Status of European shag population on the Atlantic coast of Iberian peninsula.","attachmentId":25367195,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/1825336/Status_of_European_shag_population_on_the_Atlantic_coast_of_Iberian_peninsula","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/1825336/Status_of_European_shag_population_on_the_Atlantic_coast_of_Iberian_peninsula"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="25479119" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/25479119/Population_Estimates_in_Maltese_Pelagic_Breeding_birds_numbers_trends_and_appeal_to_assess_these_carefully">Population Estimates in Maltese Pelagic Breeding birds: numbers, trends and appeal to assess these carefully.</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1785717" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JohnJBorg">John J Borg</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Population Estimates in Maltese Pelagic Breeding birds: numbers, trends and appeal to assess these carefully.","attachmentId":45797002,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/25479119/Population_Estimates_in_Maltese_Pelagic_Breeding_birds_numbers_trends_and_appeal_to_assess_these_carefully","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/25479119/Population_Estimates_in_Maltese_Pelagic_Breeding_birds_numbers_trends_and_appeal_to_assess_these_carefully"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="5353700" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5353700/Long_term_decline_of_a_Common_Tern_Sterna_hirundo_population_nesting_in_salt_marshes_in_Venice_lagoon_Italy">Long term decline of a Common Tern (Sterna hirundo) population nesting in salt marshes in Venice lagoon, Italy. </a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="7247160" href="https://independent.academia.edu/FRANCESCOSCARTON">FRANCESCO SCARTON</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Wetlands</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Each year between 1989 and 2008, I monitored Common Tern colonies in the lagoon of Venice (Italy). This population nests only on salt marsh islets, which are subjected to flooding during high tides. The number of breeding pairs decreased significantly from 832 to 109, with an average rate of decrease of −10.1%. Overall, 188 colonies were found, ranging from two to 583 pairs; median colony size was 57 pairs, and it decreased significantly. The mean turnover rate was high at 41.5%, and it ranged each year between 7.7% and 60%. The observed trends could be attributed to the increase in mean sea level that occurred over the last 20 years (0.5 cm/yr). In the May-June period, the number of days with high tides leading to a complete flooding of the breeding site increased. Between 1989 and 1998 there was on average 4.4 days with floodings. This increased to 8.4 days between 1999 and 2008. Therefore, sea level rise could be a major contributor to declining Common Tern populations in the lagoon of Venice.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Long term decline of a Common Tern (Sterna hirundo) population nesting in salt marshes in Venice lagoon, Italy. ","attachmentId":32505539,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/5353700/Long_term_decline_of_a_Common_Tern_Sterna_hirundo_population_nesting_in_salt_marshes_in_Venice_lagoon_Italy","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/5353700/Long_term_decline_of_a_Common_Tern_Sterna_hirundo_population_nesting_in_salt_marshes_in_Venice_lagoon_Italy"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="63517779" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/63517779/Factors_Determining_Number_Fluctuations_and_Variation_of_the_Breeding_Success_of_an_Urban_Population_of_the_Black_headed_Gull_I_Larus_ridibundus_I_N_Poland_">Factors Determining Number Fluctuations and Variation of the Breeding Success of an Urban Population of the Black-headed Gull <I>Larus ridibundus</I> (N-Poland)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="34043669" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PiotrIndykiewicz">Piotr Indykiewicz</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Folia Biologica, 2005</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">INDYKIEWICZ P. 2005. Factors determining number fluctuations and variation of the breeding success of an urban population of the Black-headed Gull Larus ridibundus (N-Poland). Folia biol. (Kraków) 53 (Suppl.): 165-169. In this paper a study conducted on a breeding colony of the Black-headed Gull Larus ridibundus between 1998-2004 is presented. The colony is located on an island on a small (4.6 ha area) artificial lake situated in the most abundantly visited recreational area of Bydgoszcz (53 o 07'N, 18 o 03'E). The island has an area of 0.9 ha and in some parts there are 25-30 year old Pinus silvestris; the banks are overgrown by Phragmites communis, Typha latifolia and Salix sp., and the remaining part of the island is covered by grasses and perennial pants. During seven breeding seasons remarkable fluctuations in colony size were noted (from 1877 pairs in 2000 to 998 pairs in 2003). Most, i.e. 71% of females started breeding between the 15 th and 25 th of April. In subsequent seasons they laid 2.2-2.8 eggs (mean 2.5 eggs). Egg losses during incubation varied between 9.7% and 17.6% (mean 13.7%). Mortality of chicks during the first three weeks of life was at an average level of 15.2% and varied in subsequent seasons from 5.6% to 29.4%. In consequence, breeding success of the studied population was at a level of 72.6%, and each pair raised on average 1.81 offspring. The collected data on numbers, phenology, dynamics of broods and selected parameters of reproduction (i.e. size of broods, egg losses and chick mortality) indicate that in the studied population-despite its specific location and several years of existence-there are no changes that would give evidence to the progressing process of synurbisation.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Factors Determining Number Fluctuations and Variation of the Breeding Success of an Urban Population of the Black-headed Gull \u003cI\u003eLarus ridibundus\u003c/I\u003e (N-Poland)","attachmentId":75923427,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/63517779/Factors_Determining_Number_Fluctuations_and_Variation_of_the_Breeding_Success_of_an_Urban_Population_of_the_Black_headed_Gull_I_Larus_ridibundus_I_N_Poland_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/63517779/Factors_Determining_Number_Fluctuations_and_Variation_of_the_Breeding_Success_of_an_Urban_Population_of_the_Black_headed_Gull_I_Larus_ridibundus_I_N_Poland_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="103927619" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/103927619/Five_decades_of_breeding_populations_census_for_12_species_of_colonial_waterbirds_in_northwestern_Italy">Five decades of breeding populations census for 12 species of colonial waterbirds in northwestern Italy</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="34386030" href="https://independent.academia.edu/FrancoLavezzi">Franco Lavezzi</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Scientific Data, 2023</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Colonial waterbirds, a major biodiversity element occurring in the core of ultra-anthropized Europe, are ideal indicators of the wellness of inland wetlands. Nonetheless, there is a critical knowledge gap in their trend and population status. We present an uninterrupted 47 years-long dataset of the breeding populations of 12 species of colonial waterbirds (Ardeidae, Phalacrocoracidae, Plataleidae, Threskiornitidae) throughout a 58,000 km 2 agricultural region in the higher Po basin (NW Italy). A trained team of collaborators censused with standardized field techniques the number of nests of each species at 419 colonies in the 1972-2018 period, summing up a total of 236,316 records. Data cleaning and standardization were performed for each census year, ensuring robust and consistent data. this dataset is among the largest ever collected for a guild of European vertebrates. It has already been used to describe the factors influencing population trends, and still offers opportunities to explore a wide range of key ecological processes such as biological invasions, global change consequences and biodiversity impact of agricultural practices.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Five decades of breeding populations census for 12 species of colonial waterbirds in northwestern Italy","attachmentId":103796881,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/103927619/Five_decades_of_breeding_populations_census_for_12_species_of_colonial_waterbirds_in_northwestern_Italy","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/103927619/Five_decades_of_breeding_populations_census_for_12_species_of_colonial_waterbirds_in_northwestern_Italy"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="29932141" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/29932141/Long_term_trend_of_the_waterbird_community_breeding_in_the_important_bird_area_Lagon_of_Venice_Journal_of_Coastal_Conservation">Long-term trend of the waterbird community breeding in the important bird area "Lagon of Venice".Journal of Coastal Conservation.</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="7247160" href="https://independent.academia.edu/FRANCESCOSCARTON">FRANCESCO SCARTON</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Coastal Conservation, 2017</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Abstract The aim of the paper is to examine the temporal and spatial changes observed over a 25-year period in the waterbird community nesting in the largest coastal lagoon around the Mediterranean; to examine driving factors for the observed changes; to address the most urgent conservation actions. Published sources and field surveys made between March and July were used to assess number of breeding pairs of the commonest waterbirds in 1990–1992, 2000–02 and 2012–14. The breeding waterbird community exhibited several changes in its structure, with an overall positive trend; the number of species increased from 14 to 25 and the mean yearly abundance increased from 6155 to 14,008 pairs. The diversity (H′) increased slightly, whereas similarity indices and nMDS ordination both highlighted clear differences between 1990 and 1992 and 2012–2014 communities. The increase in richness and abundance were mostly due to the immigration of birds from nearby wetlands, to the partial recovery of lagoon ecological conditions since the end of the 1980s and to the occurrence of suitable man-made habitats, such as fish farms, dredge islands and a constructed wetland. The fraction of the population nesting at artificial sites and fish farms increased from 50% in 1990–1992 till 80% in 2012–2014, highlightiAbstract The aim of the paper is to examine the temporal and spatial changes observed over a 25-year period in the waterbird community nesting in the largest coastal lagoon around the Mediterranean; to examine driving factors for the observed changes; to address the most urgent conservation actions. Published sources and field surveys made between March and July were used to assess number of breeding pairs of the commonest waterbirds in 1990–1992, 2000–02 and 2012–14. The breeding waterbird community exhibited several changes in its structure, with an overall positive trend; the number of species increased from 14 to 25 and the mean yearly abundance increased from 6155 to 14,008 pairs. The diversity (H′) increased slightly, whereas similarity indices and nMDS ordination both highlighted clear differences between 1990 and 1992 and 2012–2014 communities. The increase in richness and abundance were mostly due to the immigration of birds from nearby wetlands, to the partial recovery of lagoon ecological conditions since the end of the 1980s and to the occurrence of suitable man-made habitats, such as fish farms, dredge islands and a constructed wetland. The fraction of the population nesting at artificial sites and fish farms increased from 50% in 1990–1992 till 80% in 2012–2014, highlighting the importance of artificial breeding sites in costal lagoons. At the opposite natural nesting habitats, such as saltmarshes and beaches are losing importance for breeding waterbirds, thus requiring urgent conservation measures.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Long-term trend of the waterbird community breeding in the important bird area \"Lagon of Venice\".Journal of Coastal Conservation.","attachmentId":54464839,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/29932141/Long_term_trend_of_the_waterbird_community_breeding_in_the_important_bird_area_Lagon_of_Venice_Journal_of_Coastal_Conservation","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/29932141/Long_term_trend_of_the_waterbird_community_breeding_in_the_important_bird_area_Lagon_of_Venice_Journal_of_Coastal_Conservation"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="3650525" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3650525/Zagalska_Neubauer_M_Neubauer_G_2012_Reproductive_performance_and_changes_in_relative_species_abundance_in_a_mixed_colony_of_Herring_and_Caspian_Gulls_Larus_argentatus_and_L_cachinnans_Acta_Ornithologica_47_185_194">Zagalska-Neubauer M., Neubauer G. 2012. Reproductive performance and changes in relative species abundance in a mixed colony of Herring and Caspian Gulls, Larus argentatus and L. cachinnans. Acta Ornithologica 47:185-194.</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="867669" href="https://pan-pl.academia.edu/MagdalenaZagalskaNeubauer">Magdalena Zagalska-Neubauer</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Following range expansion and colonization, hybridization between Herring and Caspian Gulls, Larus argentatus and L. cachinnans, takes place in central and eastern Europe. To examine how hybrid zone is affected by the abundance dynamics of these species and their reproductive performance, we studied a mixed colony at Włocławek Reservoir, central Poland, for over 7 years, from 2002 to 2009, and included data from the species monitoring from 1990 to 2001. To evaluate the species abundance dynamics and possible mechanisms of reproductive isolation, breeders (n = 226 individual birds) were trapped on nests and colour-ringed; breeding performance was studied in detail for 202 breeding pairs with both mates known. Between 2002 and 2009 the proportion of Caspian Gulls among breeders had strongly increased (from 14% to 42%), whereas the proportion of Herring Gulls had declined (from 70% to 35%). The frequency of hybrids varied a little with no clear trend (mean 20%, range 15–28%). The colony size during that time was approximately stable, with 125–135 breeding pairs. 32 individuals originating from outside the zone, ringed as nestlings in the core range of either species, were recorded as breeders at the study site, documenting dispersal of parental species into the zone. The immigration of the two parental species showed contrasting temporal patterns in the two compared decades, 1990–1999 vs. 2000–2009. The immigration of Herring Gulls as measured by the reencounter probability declined nearly three times, while approximately twofold increase was seen in Caspian Gulls. Birds tended to choose phenotypically similar mates, so that there were fewer heterospecific pairs than expected under random mating. Numbers of homospecific, heterospecific and mixed pairs were similar during 7 years. On average, males of Caspian Gulls were significantly heavier than males of Herring Gulls. Caspian Gull pairs bred on average 7 days earlier than pairs of Herring Gulls. No differences in clutch size, clutch volume or hatching success among pairs of different composition were found, indicating weak postzygotic isolation. Current abundance of species in the hybrid zone is changing dynamically and is primarily driven by the strength of immigration from outside the zone.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Zagalska-Neubauer M., Neubauer G. 2012. Reproductive performance and changes in relative species abundance in a mixed colony of Herring and Caspian Gulls, Larus argentatus and L. cachinnans. Acta Ornithologica 47:185-194.","attachmentId":31343958,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/3650525/Zagalska_Neubauer_M_Neubauer_G_2012_Reproductive_performance_and_changes_in_relative_species_abundance_in_a_mixed_colony_of_Herring_and_Caspian_Gulls_Larus_argentatus_and_L_cachinnans_Acta_Ornithologica_47_185_194","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/3650525/Zagalska_Neubauer_M_Neubauer_G_2012_Reproductive_performance_and_changes_in_relative_species_abundance_in_a_mixed_colony_of_Herring_and_Caspian_Gulls_Larus_argentatus_and_L_cachinnans_Acta_Ornithologica_47_185_194"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":77830710,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":77830710,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_77830710" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sidebar--container js-work-sidebar"><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="126890568" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/126890568/Status_and_trends_of_Gull_billed_Tern_Gelochelidon_nilotica_in_Europe_and_Africa">Status and trends of Gull-billed Tern Gelochelidon nilotica in Europe and Africa</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2738260" href="https://unex.academia.edu/CasimiroCorbachoAmado">Casimiro Corbacho Amado</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Bird Conservation International, 2004</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Status and trends of Gull-billed Tern Gelochelidon nilotica in Europe and Africa","attachmentId":120702587,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/126890568/Status_and_trends_of_Gull_billed_Tern_Gelochelidon_nilotica_in_Europe_and_Africa","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/126890568/Status_and_trends_of_Gull_billed_Tern_Gelochelidon_nilotica_in_Europe_and_Africa"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="74360358" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/74360358/Breeding_Biology_and_Population_Dynamics_of_Slender_billed_Gulls_at_the_Ebro_Delta_Northwestern_Mediterranean_">Breeding Biology and Population Dynamics of Slender-billed Gulls at the Ebro Delta (Northwestern Mediterranean)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="34386233" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DanielOro1">Daniel Oro</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Waterbirds, 2002</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" 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