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</div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Rebab</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 35 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-35" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">35 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9" title="ربابة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ربابة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C9%99bab" title="Rəbab – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Rəbab" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebab" title="Rebab – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Rebab" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B1" title="Рабаб – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Рабаб" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rab%C3%A2b" title="Rabâb – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Rabâb" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebab" title="Rebab – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Rebab" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rab%C4%81b" title="Rabāb – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Rabāb" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebab" title="Rebab – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Rebab" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rab%C3%A2b" title="Rabâb – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Rabâb" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%9D%BC%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C" title="라바브 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="라바브" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebab" title="Rebab – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Rebab" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebab" title="Rebab – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Rebab" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%90%D7%91" title="רבאב – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רבאב" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebab" title="Rebab – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Rebab" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B1" title="Ребаб – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ребаб" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebabas" title="Rebabas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Rebabas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%87" title="ربابه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ربابه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebab" title="Rebab – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Rebab" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A9%E3%83%90%E3%83%BC%E3%83%96" title="ラバーブ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ラバーブ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabab" title="Rabab – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Rabab" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AC" title="ਰਬਾਬ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਰਬਾਬ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebab" title="Rebab – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Rebab" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebab" title="Rebab – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Rebab" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B1" title="Ребаб – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ребаб" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebab" title="Rebab – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Rebab" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rab%C3%A1b" title="Rabáb – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Rabáb" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebab" title="Rebab – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Rebab" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piikkiviulu" title="Piikkiviulu – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Piikkiviulu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabab" title="Rabab – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Rabab" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D" title="இரிபாப் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இரிபாப்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribab" title="Ribab – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Ribab" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A" title="รือบับ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รือบับ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B1" title="Рабоб – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Рабоб" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebap" title="Rebap – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Rebap" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B1" title="Ребаб – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ребаб" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Rebab-Tiga_tali_%28cropped%29.png/220px-Rebab-Tiga_tali_%28cropped%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="280" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Rebab-Tiga_tali_%28cropped%29.png/330px-Rebab-Tiga_tali_%28cropped%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Rebab-Tiga_tali_%28cropped%29.png/440px-Rebab-Tiga_tali_%28cropped%29.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="594" /></a><figcaption>Rebab tiga tali (three-stringed rebab), Western Malaysia c. 1977. <a href="/wiki/St_Cecilia%27s_Hall" title="St Cecilia's Hall">St Cecilia's Hall</a>.</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the bowed instrument. For the Central Asian plucked instrument, see <a href="/wiki/Rubab_(instrument)" title="Rubab (instrument)">Rubab (instrument)</a>. For the rebab used by north Indian musicians, see <a href="/wiki/Seni_rebab" title="Seni rebab">Seni rebab</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rebab-Tiga_tali_2.0_(cropped).png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="3 string instruments" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Rebab-Tiga_tali_2.0_%28cropped%29.png/220px-Rebab-Tiga_tali_2.0_%28cropped%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="403" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/61/Rebab-Tiga_tali_2.0_%28cropped%29.png 1.5x" data-file-width="325" data-file-height="595" /></a><figcaption>Burmese Tayaw, ca. 1900. St Cecilia's Hall.</figcaption></figure> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Een_rebabspeler_TMnr_60052115.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Een_rebabspeler_TMnr_60052115.jpg/220px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Een_rebabspeler_TMnr_60052115.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="318" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Een_rebabspeler_TMnr_60052115.jpg/330px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Een_rebabspeler_TMnr_60052115.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Een_rebabspeler_TMnr_60052115.jpg/440px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Een_rebabspeler_TMnr_60052115.jpg 2x" data-file-width="485" data-file-height="700" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/K.P.H._Notoprojo" class="mw-redirect" title="K.P.H. Notoprojo">K.P.H. Notoprojo</a>, famous Indonesian rebab player</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Iraqi_Jawza_Player.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Iraqi_Jawza_Player.png/250px-Iraqi_Jawza_Player.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/Iraqi_Jawza_Player.png 1.5x" data-file-width="263" data-file-height="394" /></a><figcaption>Iraqi <i>jawza</i> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">جوزه</span></span>) player Salih Shemayil at the first <a href="/wiki/Cairo_Congress_of_Arab_Music" title="Cairo Congress of Arab Music">Cairo Congress of Arab Music</a> (1932)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Turkey.Konya027.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Turkey.Konya027.jpg/250px-Turkey.Konya027.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="248" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Turkey.Konya027.jpg/330px-Turkey.Konya027.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Turkey.Konya027.jpg/500px-Turkey.Konya027.jpg 2x" data-file-width="777" data-file-height="875" /></a><figcaption>Rebabs, Mevlâna mausoleum, <a href="/wiki/Konya" title="Konya">Konya</a>, Turkey </figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rebab_a_musical_instrument_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Rebab_a_musical_instrument_01.jpg/250px-Rebab_a_musical_instrument_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="360" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Rebab_a_musical_instrument_01.jpg/330px-Rebab_a_musical_instrument_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Rebab_a_musical_instrument_01.jpg/500px-Rebab_a_musical_instrument_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1152" /></a><figcaption>Rebab from Yemen.</figcaption></figure> <p><i><b>Rebab</b></i> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9" class="extiw" title="wikt:ربابة">ربابة</a></span>, <i>rabāba</i>, variously spelled <i>rebap</i>, <i>rubob</i>, <i>rebeb</i>, <i>rababa</i>, <i>rabeba</i>, <i>robab</i>, <i>rubab</i>, <i>rebob</i>, etc) is the name of several related <a href="/wiki/String_instrument" title="String instrument">string instruments</a> that independently spread via Islamic <a href="/wiki/Trading_route" class="mw-redirect" title="Trading route">trading routes</a> over much of <a href="/wiki/North_Africa" title="North Africa">North Africa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a>, <a href="/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central Asia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a>, and parts of <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The instrument is typically <a href="/wiki/Bowed_instrument" class="mw-redirect" title="Bowed instrument">bowed</a>, but is sometimes <a href="/wiki/Pizzicato" title="Pizzicato">plucked</a>. It is one of the earliest known bowed instruments, named no later than the 8th century, and is the parent of many bowed and stringed instruments. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Variants">Variants</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rebab&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Variants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are chiefly three main types: </p><p>A long-necked bowed variety that often has a spike at the bottom to rest on the ground (see first image to the right); thus this is called a <b>spike fiddle</b> in certain areas. Some of the instruments developing from this variant have vestigial spikes. </p><p>A short-necked double-chested or "boat-shaped" variant; plucked versions like the <i><a href="/wiki/Maghreb_rebab" title="Maghreb rebab">Maghreb rebab</a></i> and the <i>kabuli rebab</i> (sometimes referred to as the <i><a href="/wiki/Rubab_(instrument)" title="Rubab (instrument)">robab</a></i> or <i>rubab</i>) also exist. </p><p>Besides the spike fiddle variant, a variant with a pear-shaped body, quite similar to the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_lyra" title="Byzantine lyra">Byzantine lyra</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Cretan_lyra" title="Cretan lyra">Cretan lyra</a>, also exists. This latter variant travelled to western Europe in the 11th century,<sup id="cite_ref-britannica_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and became the <a href="/wiki/Rebec" title="Rebec">rebec</a>. This rabāb is the ancestor of many European bowed instruments, including the rebec and the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_lyra" title="Byzantine lyra">lyra</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though not of bowed instruments in the lyre family such as the <a href="/wiki/Crwth" title="Crwth">crwth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jouhikko" title="Jouhikko">jouhikko</a>, <a href="/wiki/Talharpa" title="Talharpa">talharpa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gue" title="Gue">gue</a>. </p><p>This article will only concentrate on the spike-fiddle Rebab, which usually consists of a small, usually rounded body, the front of which is covered in a membrane such as <a href="/wiki/Parchment" title="Parchment">parchment</a> or <a href="/wiki/Sheepskin" title="Sheepskin">sheepskin</a> and has a long neck attached. It has a long thin <a href="/wiki/Neck_(music)" title="Neck (music)">neck</a> with a <a href="/wiki/Pegbox" class="mw-redirect" title="Pegbox">pegbox</a> at the end, and has one, two or three <a href="/wiki/Strings_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Strings (music)">strings</a>. It also lacks a <a href="/wiki/Fingerboard" title="Fingerboard">fingerboard</a>. The instrument is held upright, either resting on the lap or on the floor. The <a href="/wiki/Bow_(music)" title="Bow (music)">bow</a> is usually more curved than that of the <a href="/wiki/Violin" title="Violin">violin</a>. </p><p>The Rebab, though valued for its voice-like tone, has a very limited range (a little over an <a href="/wiki/Octave" title="Octave">octave</a>), and was gradually replaced throughout much of the Arab world by the violin and <a href="/wiki/Kemenche" title="Kemenche">kemenche</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraqi</a> version of the instrument (<i>jawza</i> or <i>joza</i>) has four strings. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Construction">Construction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rebab&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Construction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Rebab is used in a wide variety of <a href="/wiki/Musical_ensemble" title="Musical ensemble">musical ensembles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Genre" title="Genre">genres</a>, corresponding with its wide distribution, and is built and played somewhat differently in different areas. Following the principle of construction in <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ahvaz" title="Ahvaz">Ahvaz</a>, the rebab is a large instrument with a range similar to the <a href="/wiki/Viola_da_gamba" class="mw-redirect" title="Viola da gamba">viola da gamba</a>, whereas versions of the instrument further west tend to be smaller and higher-pitched. The body varies from being ornately carved, as in Java, to simpler models such as the 2-string Egyptian "fiddle of the Nile." They may have a body made of half a <a href="/wiki/Coconut" title="Coconut">coconut</a> shell, while the more sophisticated versions have a metal soundbox, and the front may be half-covered with beaten <a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">copper</a>, and half with cowskin. an endpin is similar to the cello. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rebab&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rebabah.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Rebabah.jpg/250px-Rebabah.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="311" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Rebabah.jpg/330px-Rebabah.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b2/Rebabah.jpg 2x" data-file-width="408" data-file-height="577" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bedouin" title="Bedouin">Bedouin</a> playing a rebab during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></figcaption></figure> <p>According to Richard Wallaschek, bowed rebab was developed under Muslim culture.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Rebab was heavily used, and continues to be used, in Arabic <a href="/wiki/Bedouin_music" title="Bedouin music">Bedouin music</a> and is mentioned by <a href="/wiki/Johann_Ludwig_Burckhardt" title="Johann Ludwig Burckhardt">Johann Ludwig Burckhardt</a> in his <a href="/wiki/Travelog" class="mw-redirect" title="Travelog">travelog</a> <i>Travels in Arabia</i>:<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote><p>"Of instruments they possess only the <i>rababa</i>, (a kind of guitar,) the <i><a href="/wiki/Ney" title="Ney">ney</a></i>, (a species of clarinet,) and the <i>tambour</i>, or <a href="/wiki/Tambourine" title="Tambourine">tambourine</a>."</p></blockquote> <p>It is called "joza" in Iraq, named after the sound box material made of a coconut shell. There is also a bowed instrument in Persian music named <a href="/wiki/Kamanche" class="mw-redirect" title="Kamanche">Kamanche</a> which has similar shape and structure. It spread to different regions including South East Asia through Islamic trading routes.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Southeast_Asia"><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rebab&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Southeast Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesian</a> <a href="/wiki/Gamelan" title="Gamelan">gamelan</a> the rebab is an essential <a href="/wiki/Elaborating_instrument" class="mw-redirect" title="Elaborating instrument">elaborating instrument</a>, ornamenting the <a href="/wiki/Balungan" title="Balungan">basic melody</a>. A two-string bowed lute consisting of a wooden body, traditionally though now rarely a single coconut shell, covered with very fine stretched skin.<sup id="cite_ref-Lindsay_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lindsay-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two brass strings are tuned a fifth apart and the horse hair bow is tied loosely (unlike modern Western stringed instruments) with the proper tension controlled by the players bow hand, contributing to the difficult technique.<sup id="cite_ref-Lindsay_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lindsay-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are typically two per ensemble, one for <i><a href="/wiki/Pelog" title="Pelog">pelog</a></i> and one for <i><a href="/wiki/Slendro" title="Slendro">slendro</a></i>, never played together.<sup id="cite_ref-Lindsay_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lindsay-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The rebab does not have to conform exactly to the scale of the other gamelan instruments and can be played in relatively free time, finishing its phrases after the beat of the <a href="/wiki/Gong_ageng" title="Gong ageng">gong ageng</a> (the big gong that "rules" the ensemble, see: <a href="/wiki/Colotomy" title="Colotomy">colotomy</a>). The rebab also frequently plays the <a href="/wiki/Buka_(music)" title="Buka (music)">buka</a> when it is part of the ensemble.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>, especially the eastern Malaysian states of <a href="/wiki/Kelantan" title="Kelantan">Kelantan</a> and northern <a href="/wiki/Terengganu" title="Terengganu">Terengganu</a> (<a href="/wiki/Besut" class="mw-redirect" title="Besut">Besut</a>), Rebab is one of important traditional music instruments. Its appearance is significantly different from rebabs from other regions. It has 3 strings, 3 tuning pegs (telinga), a decorative, detachable headstock (kepala), a skin made of cow's stomach and a small, nipple-like mute mechanism (puting). The Rebab is used in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Makyong&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Makyong (page does not exist)">makyong</a> ensemble, tarik selampit and also in a healing ritual called "Main Peteri". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rebab&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:280px;max-width:280px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:122px;max-width:122px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rabel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Rabâb player in Southern Spain, from the Cantigas de Santa Maria." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Rabel.jpg/120px-Rabel.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Rabel.jpg/180px-Rabel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/95/Rabel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="227" data-file-height="411" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">Rebab player</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:154px;max-width:154px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rebabs_from_the_Cantigas_de_Santa_Maria.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="two rebabs" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Rebabs_from_the_Cantigas_de_Santa_Maria.jpg/152px-Rebabs_from_the_Cantigas_de_Santa_Maria.jpg" decoding="async" width="152" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Rebabs_from_the_Cantigas_de_Santa_Maria.jpg/228px-Rebabs_from_the_Cantigas_de_Santa_Maria.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Rebabs_from_the_Cantigas_de_Santa_Maria.jpg/304px-Rebabs_from_the_Cantigas_de_Santa_Maria.jpg 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="360" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">Rebabs.</div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">The <a href="/wiki/Cantigas_de_Santa_Maria" title="Cantigas de Santa Maria">Cantigas de Santa Maria</a>, c. 1260, captured some of the musical instruments introduced from Muslim dominated <a href="/wiki/Al-Andalus" title="Al-Andalus">Andalusia</a> to Southern Europe. The plucked and bowed versions existed alongside each other.<sup id="cite_ref-sachs_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sachs-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bowed instruments became the <a href="/wiki/Rebec" title="Rebec">rebec</a> or <a href="/wiki/Rabel_(instrument)" title="Rabel (instrument)">rabel</a> and the plucked instruments became the <a href="/wiki/Gittern" title="Gittern">gittern</a>. <a href="/wiki/Curt_Sachs" title="Curt Sachs">Curt Sachs</a> linked this instrument with the <a href="/wiki/Mandola" title="Mandola">mandola</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Kopuz" class="mw-redirect" title="Kopuz">kopuz</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Gambus" class="mw-redirect" title="Gambus">gambus</a>, and named the bowed version rabâb.<sup id="cite_ref-sachs_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sachs-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col div-col-small" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ektara" title="Ektara">Ektara</a>, one-string instrument used in traditional music from Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erhu" title="Erhu">Erhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gadulka" title="Gadulka">Gadulka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gudok" title="Gudok">Gudok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gusle" title="Gusle">Gusle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kobyz" title="Kobyz">Kobyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lijerica" title="Lijerica">Lijerica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masenqo" title="Masenqo">Masenqo</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rebab&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p00x4xt6">The origins of the violin - the rebab</a>, <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-britannica-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-britannica_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/487848/rabab">"rabab (musical instrument) - Encyclopædia Britannica"</a>. Britannica.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-08-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=rabab+%28musical+instrument%29+-+Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pub=Britannica.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F487848%2Frabab&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARebab" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica2009" class="citation cs2">Encyclopædia Britannica (2009), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/343204/lira"><i>lira</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Online" class="mw-redirect" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Online">Encyclopædia Britannica Online</a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-02-20</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=lira&rft.pub=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica+Online&rft.date=2009&rft.au=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F343204%2Flira&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARebab" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWallaschek1893" class="citation book cs1">Wallaschek, Richard (1893). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uhjaAAAAMAAJ&q=Mohammedan+culture+&pg=PA129"><i>Primitive Music: An Inquiry Into the Origin and Development of Music, Songs, Instruments, Dances, and Pantomimes of Savage Races</i></a>. Longmans, Green, and Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Primitive+Music%3A+An+Inquiry+Into+the+Origin+and+Development+of+Music%2C+Songs%2C+Instruments%2C+Dances%2C+and+Pantomimes+of+Savage+Races&rft.pub=Longmans%2C+Green%2C+and+Company&rft.date=1893&rft.aulast=Wallaschek&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuhjaAAAAMAAJ%26q%3DMohammedan%2Bculture%2B%26pg%3DPA129&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARebab" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Music in Mekka</i> The Harmonicon, [Vol. VII, No. 12] (December 1829): 300.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTaichi2020" class="citation book cs1">Taichi, Akutsu (2020-04-03). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CLfcDwAAQBAJ&dq=bowed+string+instrument+was+invented+rebab&pg=PA36"><i>Applying Flow Theory to Strings Education in P-12 and Community Schools: Emerging Research and Opportunities: Emerging Research and Opportunities</i></a>. IGI Global. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-7998-3361-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-7998-3361-1"><bdi>978-1-7998-3361-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Applying+Flow+Theory+to+Strings+Education+in+P-12+and+Community+Schools%3A+Emerging+Research+and+Opportunities%3A+Emerging+Research+and+Opportunities&rft.pub=IGI+Global&rft.date=2020-04-03&rft.isbn=978-1-7998-3361-1&rft.aulast=Taichi&rft.aufirst=Akutsu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCLfcDwAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dbowed%2Bstring%2Binstrument%2Bwas%2Binvented%2Brebab%26pg%3DPA36&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARebab" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lindsay-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lindsay_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lindsay_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lindsay_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lindsay, Jennifer (1992). Rabab is one of traditional music instrument in Minangkabau especially in west coast region like Pesisir Selatan dan Pariaman <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://niadilova.wordpress.com/2017/03/13/rabab-pariaman-senjakala-sebuah-genre-sastra-lisan-minangkabau/">https://niadilova.wordpress.com/2017/03/13/rabab-pariaman-senjakala-sebuah-genre-sastra-lisan-minangkabau/</a>. <i>Javanese Gamelan</i>, p.30-31. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-588582-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-588582-1">0-19-588582-1</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Neil Sorrell. <i>A Guide to the Gamelan</i>. London: Faber and Faber, 1990. Pp. 97–98.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sachs-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sachs_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sachs_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSachs1940" class="citation book cs1">Sachs, Curt (1940). <i>The History of Musical Instruments</i>. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. pp. <span class="nowrap">151–</span>153.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Musical+Instruments&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E151-%3C%2Fspan%3E153&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton+%26+Company&rft.date=1940&rft.aulast=Sachs&rft.aufirst=Curt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARebab" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rebab&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Margaret J. Kartomi: On Concepts and Classifications of Musical Instruments. Chicago Studies in Ethnomusicology, University of Chicago Press, 1990</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rebab&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/40px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/60px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/120px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has the text of the <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">1911 <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i></a> article "<span style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Rebab" class="extiw" title="wikisource:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Rebab">Rebab</a></span>".</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735" /><div class="side-box side-box-left plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Rebab" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Rebab">Rebab</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rebab.net">Turkish Rebab Master Ibrahim Metin Ugur</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060819022716/http://nay-nava.blogfa.com/">Nay-Nava the encyclopedia of persian music instruments</a> (archived)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fiddlingaround.co.uk/med/Med+mid%20frame.html">Rebab</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chandrakantha.com/articles/indian_music/rabab.html">The Rebab</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061213104646/http://www.nilecommerce.net:80/images/musical/accessories/web/rababa.jpg">Arabic rababa photo</a> (archived)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nuke.liuteriaetnica.it/Default.aspx?tabid=91">nuke.liuteriaetnica.it</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fernwoodmusicgroup.com/">FERNWOOD</a>, an American music group that uses a Rebab.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tsahouridis.com">Matthaios Tsahouridis</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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title="Seleh">Seleh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sekaran" class="mw-redirect" title="Sekaran">Sekaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imbal" title="Imbal">Imbal</a> & <a href="/wiki/Kotekan" title="Kotekan">kotekan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gatra_(music)" title="Gatra (music)">Gatra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colotomy" title="Colotomy">Colotomy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gendhing_structures" class="mw-redirect" title="Gendhing structures">Gendhing structures</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irama" title="Irama">Irama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamelan_notation" title="Gamelan notation">Gamelan notation</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Musicians performing musical ensemble, bas-relief of Borobudur." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Musician_Borobudur.jpg/80px-Musician_Borobudur.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Musician_Borobudur.jpg/120px-Musician_Borobudur.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Musician_Borobudur.jpg/160px-Musician_Borobudur.jpg 2x" data-file-width="978" data-file-height="964" /></span></span><br /> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="A Java-Bali style Gong, hanging in a frame." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Gong_hangend_in_een_standaard_onderdeel_van_gamelan_Semar_Pagulingan_TMnr_1340-13.jpg/50px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Gong_hangend_in_een_standaard_onderdeel_van_gamelan_Semar_Pagulingan_TMnr_1340-13.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="57" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Gong_hangend_in_een_standaard_onderdeel_van_gamelan_Semar_Pagulingan_TMnr_1340-13.jpg/75px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Gong_hangend_in_een_standaard_onderdeel_van_gamelan_Semar_Pagulingan_TMnr_1340-13.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Gong_hangend_in_een_standaard_onderdeel_van_gamelan_Semar_Pagulingan_TMnr_1340-13.jpg/100px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Gong_hangend_in_een_standaard_onderdeel_van_gamelan_Semar_Pagulingan_TMnr_1340-13.jpg 2x" data-file-width="707" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Genres &<br />ensembles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_gamelan" title="American gamelan">American gamelan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angklung#Balinese_gamelan_angklung" title="Angklung">Angklung gamelan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamelan_bebonangan" class="mw-redirect" title="Gamelan bebonangan">Bebonangan gamelan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamelan_beleganjur" class="mw-redirect" title="Gamelan beleganjur">Beleganjur gamelan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamelan_degung" title="Gamelan degung">Degung gamelan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamelan_Gadhon" title="Gamelan Gadhon">Gadhon gamelan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamelan_gambang" title="Gamelan gambang">Gambang gamelan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamelan_gender_wayang" title="Gamelan gender wayang">Gender wayang gamelan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamelan_gong_gede" title="Gamelan gong gede">Gong gede gamelan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamelan_gong_kebyar" title="Gamelan gong kebyar">Gong kebyar gamelan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gong_Si_Bolong" title="Gong Si Bolong">Gong Si Bolong</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goong_Renteng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Goong Renteng (page does not exist)">Goong Renteng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamelan_jegog" title="Gamelan jegog">Jegog gamelan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamelan_joged_bumbung" title="Gamelan joged bumbung">Joged bumbung gamelan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malay_gamelan" title="Malay gamelan">Malay gamelan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munggang" title="Munggang">Munggang gamelan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamelan_salendro" title="Gamelan salendro">Salendro gamelan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamelan_Sekaten" title="Gamelan Sekaten">Sekaten gamelan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamelan_selunding" title="Gamelan selunding">Selunding gamelan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamelan_semar_pegulingan" title="Gamelan semar pegulingan">Semar pegulingan gamelan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamelan_Siteran" class="mw-redirect" title="Gamelan Siteran">Siteran gamelan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamelan_Surakarta" class="mw-redirect" title="Gamelan Surakarta">Surakartan gamelan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Musicians</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/K._P._H._Notoprojo" title="K. P. H. Notoprojo">K. P. H. Notoprojo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nartosabdo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nartosabdo (page does not exist)">Nartosabdo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martopangrawit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Martopangrawit (page does not exist)">Martopangrawit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahayu_Supanggah" title="Rahayu Supanggah">Rahayu Supanggah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumarsam" title="Sumarsam">Sumarsam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I_Nyoman_Windha" title="I Nyoman Windha">I Nyoman Windha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evan_Ziporyn" title="Evan Ziporyn">Evan Ziporyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamelan_Sekar_Jaya" title="Gamelan Sekar Jaya">Gamelan Sekar Jaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamelan_Son_of_Lion" title="Gamelan Son of Lion">Gamelan Son of Lion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_gamelan_ensembles_in_the_United_States" title="List of gamelan ensembles in the United States">List of U.S. gamelan ensembles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Tenzer" title="Michael Tenzer">Michael Tenzer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Instruments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Colotomy" title="Colotomy">Colotomic</a> or<br />phrase-making</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gong" title="Gong">Gong</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gong_ageng" title="Gong ageng">Gong ageng</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kempul" title="Kempul">Kempul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kempyang_and_ketuk" title="Kempyang and ketuk">Kempyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenong" title="Kenong">Kenong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kempyang_and_ketuk" title="Kempyang and ketuk">Ketuk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Balungan" title="Balungan">Balungan</a><br />or melody</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bonang" title="Bonang">Bonang</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bonang" title="Bonang">Bonang barung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonang" title="Bonang">Bonang panerus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonang" title="Bonang">Bonang panembung</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saron_(instrument)" title="Saron (instrument)">Saron</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saron_(instrument)" title="Saron (instrument)">Saron peking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saron_(instrument)" title="Saron (instrument)">Saron panerus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saron_(instrument)" title="Saron (instrument)">Saron barung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saron_(instrument)" title="Saron (instrument)">Saron demung</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slenthem" title="Slenthem">Slentem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slentho" title="Slentho">Slentho</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Panerusan" title="Panerusan">Panerusan</a> or<br />elaborating</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gambang_(instrument)" title="Gambang (instrument)">Gambang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gend%C3%A8r" title="Gendèr">Gender</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gend%C3%A8r" title="Gendèr">Gender panerus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kacapi" title="Kacapi">Kacapi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kacapi" title="Kacapi">Kacapi Rincik</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rebab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siter" title="Siter">Siter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siter" title="Siter">Celempung</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suling" title="Suling">Suling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unpitched</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bedug" title="Bedug">Bedug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kecer" title="Kecer">Kecer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemanak" title="Kemanak">Kemanak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kendang" title="Kendang">Kendang</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kendang" title="Kendang">Kendang gending</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kendang" title="Kendang">Kendang ciblon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kendang" title="Kendang">Kendang ketipung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kendang" title="Kendang">Kendang indung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kendang" title="Kendang">Kendang kulanter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepyak" title="Kepyak">Kepyak</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Vocals and<br />clapping</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gerong" title="Gerong">Gerongan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pesindh%C3%A8n" class="mw-redirect" title="Pesindhèn">Sindenan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pesindh%C3%A8n" class="mw-redirect" title="Pesindhèn">Pesinden</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alok_(gamelan)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alok (gamelan) (page does not exist)">Alok</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alok_(gamelan)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alok (gamelan) (page does not exist)">Senggakan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keplok" title="Keplok">Keplok</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Traditional_Arabic_musical_instruments194" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Arabic_musical_instruments" title="Template:Arabic musical instruments"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Arabic_musical_instruments" title="Template talk:Arabic musical instruments"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Arabic_musical_instruments" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Arabic musical instruments"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Traditional_Arabic_musical_instruments194" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Arabic_musical_instruments" title="Arabic musical instruments">Traditional Arabic musical instruments</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Plucked <a href="/wiki/Lute" title="Lute">lutes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buzuq" title="Buzuq">Buzuq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwitra" title="Kwitra">Kwitra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavta" title="Lavta">Lavta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_mandole" title="Algerian mandole">Mandole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oud" title="Oud">Oud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qanb%C5%ABs" title="Qanbūs">Qanbūs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sintir" title="Sintir">Sintir</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Zither" title="Zither">Zithers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qanun_(instrument)" title="Qanun (instrument)">Qanun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bowed lutes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kamancheh#Kamanjah" title="Kamancheh">Kamanjah</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rababa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lyre" title="Lyre">Lyres</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kissar" title="Kissar">Kissar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simsimiyya" title="Simsimiyya">Simsimiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanb%C5%ABra" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanbūra">Tanbūra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Flute" title="Flute">Flutes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kawala" title="Kawala">Kawala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ney" title="Ney">Ney</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Reed_(instrument)" class="mw-redirect" title="Reed (instrument)">Reed</a> instruments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arghul" title="Arghul">Arghul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habb%C4%81n" title="Habbān">Habbān</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jirba" title="Jirba">Jirba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mijwiz" title="Mijwiz">Mijwiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizmar_(instrument)" title="Mizmar (instrument)">Mizmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizwad" title="Mizwad">Mizwad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhaita" title="Rhaita">Rhaita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salamiyyah_(flute)" title="Salamiyyah (flute)">Salamiyyah (flute)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zukra" title="Zukra">Zukra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Drum" title="Drum">Drums</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-ras_(drum)" title="Al-ras (drum)">Al-ras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bendir" title="Bendir">Bendir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daf" title="Daf">Daf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duhulla" title="Duhulla">Duhulla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goblet_drum" title="Goblet drum">Goblet drum</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hajir_(instrument)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hajir (instrument) (page does not exist)">Hajir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maktoum" title="Maktoum">Maktoum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazhar" title="Mazhar">Mazhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirwas" title="Mirwas">Mirwas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naqara" class="mw-redirect" title="Naqara">Naqara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naqareh" title="Naqareh">Naqareh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riq" class="mw-redirect" title="Riq">Riq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tar_(drum)" title="Tar (drum)">Tar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taarija" title="Taarija">Taarija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davul" title="Davul">Tabl baladi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tbilat" title="Tbilat">Tbilat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other <a href="/wiki/Percussion" class="mw-redirect" title="Percussion">percussion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clapping" title="Clapping">Clapping</a> (kaff)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krakebs" class="mw-redirect" title="Krakebs">Krakebs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manjur_(instrument)" title="Manjur (instrument)">Manjur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mihbaj" title="Mihbaj">Mihbaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zill" title="Zill">Sagat</a> (zills)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sistrum" title="Sistrum">Sistrum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Traditional_musical_instruments_of_Indonesia286" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Indonesian_musical_instruments" title="Template:Indonesian musical instruments"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Indonesian_musical_instruments" title="Template talk:Indonesian musical instruments"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Indonesian_musical_instruments" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Indonesian musical instruments"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Traditional_musical_instruments_of_Indonesia286" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Traditional musical instruments of <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Indonesia" title="Music of Indonesia">Indonesia</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Gamelan" title="Gamelan">Gamelan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kulintang" title="Kulintang">Kulintang</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kolintang" title="Kolintang">Kolintang</a> • <a href="/wiki/Talempong" title="Talempong">Talempong</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tifa_totobuang" title="Tifa totobuang">Totobuang</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gambang_Kromong&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gambang Kromong (page does not exist)">Gambang Kromong</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Talo_Balak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Talo Balak (page does not exist)">Talo Balak</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aerophone" title="Aerophone">Aerophones</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accordion" title="Accordion">Akordeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarinet" title="Clarinet">Suling Tanjidor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saluang" title="Saluang">Saluang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suling" title="Suling">Suling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuriding" title="Kuriding">Kuriding</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toleat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Toleat (page does not exist)">Toleat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tarompet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tarompet (page does not exist)">Tarompet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chordophone" class="mw-redirect" title="Chordophone">Chordophones</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cak_(instrument)" title="Cak (instrument)">Cak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cekuntrung" title="Cekuntrung">Cekuntrung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celempung" class="mw-redirect" title="Celempung">Celempung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuk_(instrument)" title="Cuk (instrument)">Cuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qanb%C5%ABs" title="Qanbūs">Gambus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasapi" title="Hasapi">Hasapi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jentreng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jentreng (page does not exist)">Jentreng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kacapi" title="Kacapi">Kacapi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kacapi_Minang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kacapi Minang (page does not exist)">Kacapi Minang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kacaping&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kacaping (page does not exist)">Kacaping</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kulcapi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kulcapi (page does not exist)">Kulcapi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kongahyan" title="Kongahyan">Kongahyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarawangsa" title="Tarawangsa">Tarawangsa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tehyan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tehyan (page does not exist)">Tehyan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penting&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penting (page does not exist)">Penting</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rebab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sasando" title="Sasando">Sasando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sapeh" title="Sapeh">Sapeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siter" title="Siter">Siter</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sukong&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sukong (page does not exist)">Sukong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Idiophone" title="Idiophone">Idiophones</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agung" title="Agung">Agung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angklung" title="Angklung">Angklung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babendil" title="Babendil">Babendil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonang" title="Bonang">Bonang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calung" title="Calung">Calung</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cengceng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cengceng (page does not exist)">Cengceng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambang_(instrument)" title="Gambang (instrument)">Gambang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangsa" title="Gangsa">Gangsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genggong" title="Genggong">Genggong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gend%C3%A8r" title="Gendèr">Gendèr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gong" title="Gong">Gong</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gong_ageng" title="Gong ageng">Gong ageng</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karinding" title="Karinding">Karinding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kecer" title="Kecer">Kecer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kecrek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kecrek (page does not exist)">Kecrek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemanak" title="Kemanak">Kemanak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kempul" title="Kempul">Kempul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kempyang_and_ketuk" title="Kempyang and ketuk">Kempyang and ketuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenong" title="Kenong">Kenong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepyak" title="Kepyak">Kepyak</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klentang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Klentang (page does not exist)">Klentang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kledi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kledi (page does not exist)">Kledi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kromong&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kromong (page does not exist)">Kromong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kubing" title="Kubing">Kubing</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pekhing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pekhing (page does not exist)">Pekhing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reyong" title="Reyong">Reyong</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rindik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rindik (page does not exist)">Rindik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saron_(instrument)" title="Saron (instrument)">Saron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slenthem" title="Slenthem">Slenthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slentho" title="Slentho">Slentho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tambourine" title="Tambourine">Tamborin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugal" title="Ugal">Ugal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Membranophone" title="Membranophone">Membranophones</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bedug" title="Bedug">Bedug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gendang_beleq" title="Gendang beleq">Gendang beleq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordang_sambilan" title="Gordang sambilan">Gordang sambilan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kendang" title="Kendang">Kendang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kompang" title="Kompang">Kompang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebana" title="Rebana">Rebana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirwas" title="Mirwas">Marawis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gamelan#Instruments" title="Gamelan">List of gamelan instruments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_gamelan_varieties" title="List of gamelan varieties">List of gamelan varieties</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q623509#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata532" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q623509#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata532" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q623509#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4375356-5">Germany</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/instrument/30cb46c6-2694-4348-a7c6-3fb12666d7e5">MusicBrainz instrument</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rebab&oldid=1270192540">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rebab&oldid=1270192540</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div 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