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Available in 31 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-31" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">31 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%81" title="دف – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="دف" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C9%99f" title="Dəf – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Dəf" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84" title="قاوال – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="قاوال" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daf_(instrument_musical)" title="Daf (instrument musical) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Daf (instrument musical)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daf_(Musikinstrument)" title="Daf (Musikinstrument) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Daf (Musikinstrument)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daf" title="Daf – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Daf" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%81" title="دف – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دف" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daf_(instrument)" title="Daf (instrument) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Daf (instrument)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8B%A4%ED%94%84_(%EC%95%85%EA%B8%B0)" title="다프 (악기) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="다프 (악기)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daf" title="Daf – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Daf" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daf_(strumento_musicale)" title="Daf (strumento musicale) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Daf (strumento musicale)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%A3_(%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%A3)" title="דף (תוף) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דף (תוף)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A6%E0%B2%AB%E0%B3%8D" title="ದಫ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ದಫ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Def" title="Def – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Def" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Дойра – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Дойра" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dafas" title="Dafas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Dafas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%81" title="دف – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="دف" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%80%E3%83%95" title="ダフ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ダフ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daf" title="Daf – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Daf" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC" title="ਡਫ਼ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਡਫ਼" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daf_(instrumento_musical)" title="Daf (instrumento musical) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Daf (instrumento musical)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dare" title="Dare – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Dare" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%84" title="Даф – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Даф" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defi" title="Defi – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Defi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%95%D9%81" title="دەف – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="دەف" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D3%99%D1%84" title="Дәф – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Дәф" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%84" title="Даф – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Даф" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Def" title="Def – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Def" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%84_(%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82)" title="Даф (музичний інструмент) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Даф (музичний інструмент)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%81" title="دف – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="دف" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BE%BE%E7%94%AB" title="达甫 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="达甫" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11084057#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Riq&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Riq">Riq</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Frame drum originating in Central Asia and the Middle East</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output 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For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/RIQ_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="RIQ (disambiguation)">RIQ</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/60px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/120px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Daf" title="Special:EditPage/Daf">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Daf%22">"Daf"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Daf%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Daf%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Daf%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Daf%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Daf%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2012</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Daf</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pair_of_dafs.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Pair_of_dafs.jpg/250px-Pair_of_dafs.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Pair_of_dafs.jpg/500px-Pair_of_dafs.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="767" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:Percussion">Percussion</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other names</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left"><i>Dafli</i>, <i>dap</i>, <i>def</i>, <i>tef</i>, <i>defi</i>, <i>gaval</i>, <i>duf</i>, <i>duff</i>, <i>dof</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Musical_instrument_classification" title="Musical instrument classification">Classification</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left"><span></span> <a href="/wiki/Directly_struck_membranophones" title="Directly struck membranophones">Directly struck membranophones</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Hornbostel%E2%80%93Sachs" title="Hornbostel–Sachs">Hornbostel–Sachs classification</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left">211.311<br />(Handle-less <a href="/wiki/Frame_drum" title="Frame drum">frame drum</a> with one usable membrane)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:Percussion"><a href="/wiki/Range_(music)" title="Range (music)">Playing range</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span></span> High sound of jingles, plus some have a skin with a lower sound</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:Percussion"><a href="/wiki/Musical_instrument" title="Musical instrument">Related instruments</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span></span> Buben, <a href="/wiki/Tambourine" title="Tambourine">tambourine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kanjira" title="Kanjira">kanjira</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frame_drum" title="Frame drum">frame drum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Parai" title="Parai">parai</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Daf</b> (<a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>: <span lang="fa" dir="rtl">دف</span>), also known as <b>dâyere</b> and <b>riq</b>, is an <a href="/wiki/Persians" title="Persians">Iranian</a> <a href="/wiki/Frame_drum" title="Frame drum">frame drum</a> musical instrument, also used in popular and classical music in Persian-influenced <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">South</a> and <a href="/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central Asia</a>, such as in <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a>, many regions of <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> as well as in parts of <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a><sup id="cite_ref-InEx_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-InEx-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russian</a> <a href="/wiki/Polar_regions_of_Earth" title="Polar regions of Earth">polar regions</a>. It is also popular among <a href="/wiki/Balkan_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Balkan people">Balkans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_the_Caucasus" title="Ethnic groups in the Caucasus">Caucasians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bukharan_Jews" title="Bukharan Jews">Bukharan Jews</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kurds" title="Kurds">Kurds</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Macedonians_(ethnic_group)" title="Macedonians (ethnic group)">Macedonians</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Daf is the <a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Pakistan" title="National symbols of Pakistan">national musical instrument</a> of <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is also depicted on the <a href="/wiki/Obverse_and_reverse" title="Obverse and reverse">reverse</a> and <a href="/wiki/Obverse_and_reverse" title="Obverse and reverse">obverse</a> of the Azerbaijani 1 <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_manat" title="Azerbaijani manat">qəpik</a> coin and 1 <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_manat" title="Azerbaijani manat">manat</a> banknote respectively, since 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It traditionally has a round wooden frame (although in the modern era it may also be made of metal), jingles, and a thin, translucent head made of fish- or goat-skin (or, more recently, a synthetic material). </p><p>The sound is produced by hitting the membrane with either hand – the left hand, which also holds the daf, strikes the edges, and the right hand strikes the center. The right-hand fingers are fastened about their neighbours and suddenly released, like the action of finger-snapping, to produce loud, rapid, sharp sounds.<sup id="cite_ref-Birseyogren_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Birseyogren-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daf&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Daf-isfahan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Daf-isfahan.jpg/200px-Daf-isfahan.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Daf-isfahan.jpg/300px-Daf-isfahan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/Daf-isfahan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="550" /></a><figcaption>Daf in a <a href="/wiki/Miniature_(illuminated_manuscript)" title="Miniature (illuminated manuscript)">miniature</a>, <a href="/wiki/Isfahan" title="Isfahan">Isfahan</a>, Iran</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Zoroastrian_Middle_Persian" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoroastrian Middle Persian">Pahlavi</a> (Middle Persian) name of the daf is dap.<sup id="cite_ref-Kariagdiev_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kariagdiev-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some pictures of daf have been found in paintings that date before the <a href="/wiki/Common_Era" title="Common Era">Common Era</a>. The presence of the Iranian daf in the 6th–5th century BCE <a href="/wiki/Behistun_Inscription" title="Behistun Inscription">Behistun Inscription</a> suggests that it existed before the <a href="/wiki/Spread_of_Islam" title="Spread of Islam">rise of Islam</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sufism" title="Sufism">Sufism</a>. </p><p>Iranian music has always been a spiritual tool. </p><p>It shows that daf played an important role in <a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism" title="Zoroastrianism">Mazdean</a> Iran emerging as an important element during the <a href="/wiki/Sasanian_Empire" title="Sasanian Empire">Sassanian</a> period, during the <a href="/wiki/Sasanian_Empire" title="Sasanian Empire">Kâvusakân</a> dynasty. </p><p>Also, there is a kind of square frame drum in the stonecutting of <a href="/wiki/Taq-e_Bostan" title="Taq-e Bostan">Taq-e Bostan</a> (another famous monument located 5km northeast of <a href="/wiki/Kermanshah" title="Kermanshah">Kermanshah</a> city). These frame drums were played in the ancient <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Rome</a> and reached <a href="/wiki/Islamic_world_contributions_to_Medieval_Europe" title="Islamic world contributions to Medieval Europe">medieval Europe through Islamic culture</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:C%2BB-Music-Fig24-AssyrianQuartet.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/C%2BB-Music-Fig24-AssyrianQuartet.PNG/200px-C%2BB-Music-Fig24-AssyrianQuartet.PNG" decoding="async" width="200" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/C%2BB-Music-Fig24-AssyrianQuartet.PNG/300px-C%2BB-Music-Fig24-AssyrianQuartet.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/C%2BB-Music-Fig24-AssyrianQuartet.PNG/400px-C%2BB-Music-Fig24-AssyrianQuartet.PNG 2x" data-file-width="436" data-file-height="401" /></a><figcaption>Daf depicted in middle Assyrian empire relief 1392 BC–934 BC</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Nowruz" title="Nowruz">Nowruz</a> (the first day of the Iranian New Year and the national festival of <a href="/wiki/Iranian_peoples" title="Iranian peoples">the Iranian people</a>) and other festive occasions have been accompanied by daf in the <a href="/wiki/Sasanian_Empire" title="Sasanian Empire">Sassanid</a> periods (224 AD–651 AD). In this period, the daf was played in order to accompany Iranian classical music. </p><p>Dafs were likely used in the court to be played in the <a href="/wiki/Mode_(music)" title="Mode (music)">modes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Melody" title="Melody">melodies</a> of traditional music. This traditional or classical music was created by <a href="/wiki/Barbad" title="Barbad">Barbod the Great</a> and was named the <i>khosravani</i> after the mythical king <a href="/wiki/Khosrow_II" title="Khosrow II">Khosrow II</a>. </p><p>Recent research reveals that these modes were used in the recitation of Mazdean (<a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism" title="Zoroastrianism">Zoroastrian</a>) prayers. The modes were passed down from master to student and are today known as the <i><a href="/wiki/Radif_(music)" title="Radif (music)">radif</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Dastg%C4%81h" title="Dastgāh">dastgāh</a></i> system. </p><p>Many of the melodies were lost, but most of those that remain date to the Sassanid period. Dafs can be played to produce highly complex and intense rhythms, causing one to go under a trance and reach an ecstatic and spiritually-high state. For this reason, they have always been connected with religion in Iran.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aleppomusic.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Aleppomusic.jpg/200px-Aleppomusic.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Aleppomusic.jpg/300px-Aleppomusic.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Aleppomusic.jpg/400px-Aleppomusic.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="556" /></a><figcaption>Musicians in <a href="/wiki/Aleppo" title="Aleppo">Aleppo</a>, Syria; the Musician on the far left use the daf.</figcaption></figure> <p>An engraved bronze cup from <a href="/wiki/Lorestan_province" title="Lorestan province">Lorestan</a> at the <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Iran" title="National Museum of Iran">National Museum of Iran</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran">Tehran</a>, portrays a double <a href="/wiki/Ney" title="Ney">ney</a> (end-blown <a href="/wiki/Reed_pipe" title="Reed pipe">reed pipes</a>), <a href="/wiki/Chang_(instrument)" title="Chang (instrument)">chang</a> (harp), and a daf in a <a href="/wiki/Shrine" title="Shrine">shrine</a> or court processional, as similarly documented in <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elam" title="Elam">Elam</a>, and the Persian province of <a href="/wiki/Babylonia" title="Babylonia">Babylonia</a>, where music was arranged for performance by large orchestral ensembles.<sup id="cite_ref-Kariagdiev_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kariagdiev-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Arabs" title="Arabs">Arabs</a> introduced the daf and other Middle Eastern musical instruments to <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>, and the Spanish adapted and promoted the daf and other musical instruments (such as the <a href="/wiki/Guitar" title="Guitar">guitar</a>) in <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">medieval Europe</a>. In the 15th century, the daf was only used in <a href="/wiki/Sufism" title="Sufism">Sufi</a> ceremonies; the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Turks" title="Ottoman Turks">Ottomans</a> reintroduced it to <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> in the 17th century.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The daf still functions as an important part of <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Iran" title="Music of Iran">Iranian music</a> (both traditional and classical) as it did in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_history" title="Ancient history">ancient times</a>. It successfully encourages many young <a href="/wiki/Iranian_peoples" title="Iranian peoples">Iranians</a> to take up learning this ancient instrument. </p><p>Daf, and its smaller version called <i>dafli</i>, is also used across India.<sup id="cite_ref-InEx_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-InEx-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is believed to have arrived along with other Persian influences in the <a href="/wiki/Medieval_India" title="Medieval India">medieval era</a>, and is a popular <a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_musical_instruments" title="List of Indian musical instruments">folk instrument</a>. In <a href="/wiki/South_India" title="South India">southern India</a>, its use became mainstream, especially in protests, during the early half of the 20th century.<sup id="cite_ref-TOI_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TOI-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since the 1950s, it has also been used prominently in <a href="/wiki/Hindi_cinema" title="Hindi cinema">Bollywood</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-TOI_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TOI-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_Islam">In Islam</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daf&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: In Islam"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In some forms of <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>, daf holds special importance because some Muslims believe that it is the only musical instrument which is permitted to be used.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other Muslims believe musical instruments in general are allowed, not exclusively the daf.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Prophet of Islam, <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a>, did not impose a total prohibition on using the daf, stating that it is permissible during <a href="/wiki/Eid_al-Fitr" title="Eid al-Fitr">Eid</a>, a wedding <a href="/wiki/Walima" title="Walima">Walima</a>, or to greet a government official after they arrive from a journey.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It has always been an important part of <a href="/wiki/Sufi_music" title="Sufi music">Islamic Sufi music</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure_and_construction">Structure and construction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daf&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Structure and construction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The jingles, which are thin metal plates or rings, are attached to hooks in three or four rectangular holes in the circular wooden frame. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Drumhead" title="Drumhead">drumhead</a> is made of fish or goat skin. The width of the frame is 45–50 centimetres (18–20 in) and the depth, 5–7 centimetres (2–3 in). In order to bend the frame, the wood ("buka", "orev") may be softened in water before being bent around a hot metal cylinder. The frame is closed by gluing the ends together. Finally, the skin is attached to the frame by fixing it with another wooden frame or by using nails. </p><p>Another variation is to have the ring-style jingles arranged around the edge of the inside of the drum the whole way around<sup id="cite_ref-Kariagdiev_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kariagdiev-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or to have several tiers half way around the inside edge.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_performers">Notable performers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daf&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Notable performers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ulfatmo_Mamadambarova" title="Ulfatmo Mamadambarova">Ulfatmo Mamadambarova</a>, singer and musician</li></ul> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:13981226000162637199477905949705_%C2%AB%D8%AF%D9%81_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C%C2%BB_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/13981226000162637199477905949705_%C2%AB%D8%AF%D9%81_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C%C2%BB_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86.jpg/250px-13981226000162637199477905949705_%C2%AB%D8%AF%D9%81_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C%C2%BB_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/13981226000162637199477905949705_%C2%AB%D8%AF%D9%81_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C%C2%BB_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86.jpg/330px-13981226000162637199477905949705_%C2%AB%D8%AF%D9%81_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C%C2%BB_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/13981226000162637199477905949705_%C2%AB%D8%AF%D9%81_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C%C2%BB_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86.jpg/500px-13981226000162637199477905949705_%C2%AB%D8%AF%D9%81_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C%C2%BB_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="641" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kurds_in_Iran" title="Kurds in Iran">Iranian Kurds</a> from <a href="/wiki/Sanandaj" title="Sanandaj">Sanandaj</a>, Iran</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daf&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/GClef.svg/10px-GClef.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/GClef.svg/15px-GClef.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/GClef.svg/20px-GClef.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="15" data-file-height="41" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Music" title="Portal:Music">Music portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tar_(drum)" title="Tar (drum)">Tar (drum)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodhr%C3%A1n" title="Bodhrán">Bodhrán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bendir" title="Bendir">Bendir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazhar" title="Mazhar">Mazhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davul" title="Davul">Davul</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Innaby" title="Innaby">Innaby</a></i> – Azerbaijani dance</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daf&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-InEx-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-InEx_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-InEx_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSahani2020" class="citation web cs1">Sahani, Alaka (11 February 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indianexpress.com/article/india/dafli-indian-folk-popular-culture-caa-protest-citizenship-amendment-act-6261295">"Who is afraid of the dafli?"</a>. Indian Express<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Who+is+afraid+of+the+dafli%3F&rft.pub=Indian+Express&rft.date=2020-02-11&rft.aulast=Sahani&rft.aufirst=Alaka&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Findianexpress.com%2Farticle%2Findia%2Fdafli-indian-folk-popular-culture-caa-protest-citizenship-amendment-act-6261295&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTony_Langlois2017" class="citation book cs1">Tony Langlois (2017). <i>Non-Western Popular Music</i>. Routledge. p. 91. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1351556156" title="Special:BookSources/978-1351556156"><bdi>978-1351556156</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Non-Western+Popular+Music&rft.pages=91&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1351556156&rft.au=Tony+Langlois&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAhmed2021" class="citation news cs1">Ahmed, Shaheen (August 31, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.victormagazine.net/the-magical-instrument/">"THE MAGICAL INSTRUMENT"</a>. <i>The Victor Magazine</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Victor+Magazine&rft.atitle=THE+MAGICAL+INSTRUMENT&rft.date=2021-08-31&rft.aulast=Ahmed&rft.aufirst=Shaheen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.victormagazine.net%2Fthe-magical-instrument%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMirza2021" class="citation web cs1">Mirza, Afshan (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://popularinpakistan.com/national-musical-instrument-of-pakistan/#more-92">"National Musical Instrument of Pakistan and Provincial instruments"</a>. <i>Popular in Pakistan</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Popular+in+Pakistan&rft.atitle=National+Musical+Instrument+of+Pakistan+and+Provincial+instruments&rft.date=2021&rft.aulast=Mirza&rft.aufirst=Afshan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpopularinpakistan.com%2Fnational-musical-instrument-of-pakistan%2F%23more-92&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbar.az">Central Bank of Azerbaijan</a>. National currency: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbar.az/pages/national-currency/coins/new-generation-coins/">New generation coins</a>. – Retrieved on 25 February 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nba.az/default.aspx">National Bank of Azerbaijan</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070516034336/http://nba.az/default.aspx">Archived</a> 2007-05-16 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. National currency: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nba.az/default.aspx?go=178&lng=en">1 manat</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged October 2017">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup>. – Retrieved on 25 March 2009. (Old site -now a dead link- that mentioned the instrument as a <i>daf</i>).<br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbar.az">Central Bank of Azerbaijan</a>. National currency: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbar.az/pages/national-currency/banknotes/azn/">1 manat</a>. – Retrieved on 25 February 2010. (Current site that mentions the instrument as a <i>drum</i>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Birseyogren-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Birseyogren_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.birseyogren.com/hakkinda/dayereh/">"<i>Dayereh</i>"</a>. <i>Birseyogren.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Birseyogren.com&rft.atitle=Dayereh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.birseyogren.com%2Fhakkinda%2Fdayereh%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kariagdiev-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kariagdiev_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kariagdiev_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kariagdiev_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080528023203/http://www.drumdojo.com/ghaval.htm">"Ghaval:Drumdojo:By Drummers For Drummers"</a>. 28 May 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.drumdojo.com/ghaval.htm">the original</a> on 2008-05-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ghaval%3ADrumdojo%3ABy+Drummers+For+Drummers&rft.date=2008-05-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drumdojo.com%2Fghaval.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TOI-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TOI_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TOI_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNair2016" class="citation web cs1">Nair, Malini (11 September 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/sunday-times/why-the-dafli-packs-a-big-protest-punch/articleshow/54269783.cms">"Why the dafli packs a big protest punch"</a>. Times of India<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Why+the+dafli+packs+a+big+protest+punch&rft.pub=Times+of+India&rft.date=2016-09-11&rft.aulast=Nair&rft.aufirst=Malini&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fhome%2Fsunday-times%2Fwhy-the-dafli-packs-a-big-protest-punch%2Farticleshow%2F54269783.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHewer2014" class="citation book cs1">Hewer, Chris (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nGWmDwAAQBAJ"><i>Understanding Islam: The First Ten Steps</i></a>. SCM Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0334052333" title="Special:BookSources/978-0334052333"><bdi>978-0334052333</bdi></a>. <q>Some Muslims hold all forms of music to be forbidden, others permit certain forms of unaccompanied singing, while others will permit the use of daff or drum like a tambourine (without the cymbals). In some Sufi circles the flute or lute are permitted.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Understanding+Islam%3A+The+First+Ten+Steps&rft.pub=SCM+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0334052333&rft.aulast=Hewer&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnGWmDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.islamicity.org/3018/singing-and-music-in-islam/">"Singing and Music in Islam - IslamiCity"</a>. <i>www.islamicity.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-11-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.islamicity.org&rft.atitle=Singing+and+Music+in+Islam+-+IslamiCity&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.islamicity.org%2F3018%2Fsinging-and-music-in-islam%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishtimes.com/news/scholars-and-musicians-hotly-debate-whether-music-is-permissible-or-not-1.1262467">"Scholars and musicians hotly debate whether music is permissible or not"</a>. <i>The Irish Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-11-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Irish+Times&rft.atitle=Scholars+and+musicians+hotly+debate+whether+music+is+permissible+or+not&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fnews%2Fscholars-and-musicians-hotly-debate-whether-music-is-permissible-or-not-1.1262467&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLeaman2013" class="citation book cs1">Leaman, Oliver (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DbNEAQAAQBAJ"><i>Controversies in Contemporary Islam</i></a>. Kentucky, US: Routledge. p. 196. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1134499823" title="Special:BookSources/978-1134499823"><bdi>978-1134499823</bdi></a>. <q>The daff, a simple drum or tambourine, is specifically mentioned. The Prophet did not impose any restriction on using the daff, a common musical instrument used at that time.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Controversies+in+Contemporary+Islam&rft.place=Kentucky%2C+US&rft.pages=196&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1134499823&rft.aulast=Leaman&rft.aufirst=Oliver&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDbNEAQAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFZuhur2021" class="citation book cs1">Zuhur, Sherifa (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_m9WEAAAQBAJ"><i>Popular Dance and Music in Modern Egypt</i></a>. Berkeley, California: McFarland. p. 200. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1476681993" title="Special:BookSources/978-1476681993"><bdi>978-1476681993</bdi></a>. <q>Daff ... It has been important to Sufi music.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Popular+Dance+and+Music+in+Modern+Egypt&rft.place=Berkeley%2C+California&rft.pages=200&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-1476681993&rft.aulast=Zuhur&rft.aufirst=Sherifa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_m9WEAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080513230157/http://www.rhythmweb.com/frame/">"semi-ringed frame drum"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rhythmweb.com/frame/">the original</a> on 2008-05-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-05-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=semi-ringed+frame+drum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rhythmweb.com%2Fframe%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daf&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNasehpour2015" class="citation web cs1">Nasehpour, Peyman (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasehpour.com/daf-iranian-frame-drum">"On Persian Daf, the Spiritual Frame Drum and Sufi Music"</a>. <i>Nasehpour.com</i>. Peyman Nasehpour.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nasehpour.com&rft.atitle=On+Persian+Daf%2C+the+Spiritual+Frame+Drum+and+Sufi+Music&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Nasehpour&rft.aufirst=Peyman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasehpour.com%2Fdaf-iranian-frame-drum&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaf" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Dafs" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Dafs">Dafs</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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aria-labelledby="Iranian_musical_instruments740" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini 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href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Iranian_musical_instruments" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Iranian musical instruments"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Iranian_musical_instruments740" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Persian_musical_instruments" title="Persian musical instruments">Iranian musical instruments</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/String_instrument" title="String instrument">Stringed<br /><span class="nobold"><i>(Sāzhāy-e Zehī)</i></span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;font-weight:normal;">Bowed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ghaychak" title="Ghaychak">Ghazhak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamancheh" title="Kamancheh">Kamāncheh</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Classical_kemen%C3%A7e" title="Classical kemençe">Classical kemençe</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;font-weight:normal;">Plucked</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barbat_(lute)" title="Barbat (lute)">Barbat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang_(instrument)" title="Chang (instrument)">Chang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harp" title="Harp">Harp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutar" title="Dutar">Dotār</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qanun_(instrument)" title="Qanun (instrument)">Qānūn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubab_(instrument)" title="Rubab (instrument)">Robāb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ba%C4%9Flama" title="Bağlama">Sāz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuzhe" title="Nuzhe">Nuzhe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Setar" title="Setar">Setār</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanbur" title="Tanbur">Tanbūr</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yayl%C4%B1_tambur" title="Yaylı tambur">Yaylı tambur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_tanbur" title="Kurdish tanbur">Kurdish tanbur</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tar_(string_instrument)" title="Tar (string instrument)">Tār</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tar_(Azerbaijani_instrument)" title="Tar (Azerbaijani instrument)">Azerbaijani Tar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oud" title="Oud">Ūd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahrud" title="Shahrud">Shahrud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rud" title="Rud">Rud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mugni" title="Mugni">Mugni</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;font-weight:normal;">Struck</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Santur_(Persian_instrument)" class="mw-redirect" title="Santur (Persian instrument)">Santur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;font-weight:normal;">Experimental</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sallaneh_(lute)" title="Sallaneh (lute)">Sallāneh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shurangiz" title="Shurangiz">Shurangiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorahi" title="Sorahi">Sorāhi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Woodwind_instrument" title="Woodwind instrument">Woodwind<br /><span class="nobold"><i>(Sāzhāy-e Bādī)</i></span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;font-weight:normal;">Exposed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sorna" title="Sorna">Sornā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zurna" title="Zurna">Zurna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balaban_(instrument)" title="Balaban (instrument)">Balaban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karnay" title="Karnay">Karnay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Narmeh-ney&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Narmeh-ney (page does not exist)">Narmeh-ney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donali" title="Donali">Donali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dozaleh" title="Dozaleh">Dozaleh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaval" title="Kaval">Kaval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ney-anb%C4%81n" title="Ney-anbān">Ney anban</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;font-weight:normal;">End-blown</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haft_Band" title="Haft Band">Haft Band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ney" title="Ney">Nāy (Ney)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sheypur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sheypur (page does not exist)">Sheypur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zurna" title="Zurna">Zurna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pisha" class="mw-redirect" title="Pisha">Pisha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miskal" title="Miskal">Miskal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Brass_instrument" title="Brass instrument">Brass</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Natural7" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;font-weight:normal;">Natural</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nafir" title="Nafir">Nafir</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Percussion_instrument" title="Percussion instrument">Percussion<br /><span class="nobold"><i>(Sāzhāy-e<br />Kūbeheyī/Zarbī)</i></span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Auxiliary9" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;font-weight:normal;">Auxiliary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bell_(instrument)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bell (instrument)">Darāy</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Daf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dohol" title="Dohol">Dohol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davul" title="Davul">Dāvūl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayereh" class="mw-redirect" title="Dayereh">Dāyereh Zangī</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naqareh" title="Naqareh">Naqāreh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonbak" class="mw-redirect" title="Tonbak">Tonbak (Dombak)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kus" title="Kus">Kūs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanj" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanj">Sanj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dammam_(drum)" title="Dammam (drum)">Dammam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zarb_(drum)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zarb (drum)">Zarb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zang_(bell)" title="Zang (bell)">Zang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udu" title="Udu">Zarbang Udu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Afghanistan" title="Music of Afghanistan">Afghan traditional music</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Azerbaijan" title="Music of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijani traditional music</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_music" title="Kurdish music">Kurdish traditional music</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Persian_traditional_music" title="Persian traditional music">Persian traditional music</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Tajikistan" title="Music of Tajikistan">Tajik traditional music</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Frame_drums101" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Frame_drums" title="Template:Frame drums"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Frame_drums" title="Template talk:Frame drums"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Frame_drums" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Frame drums"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Frame_drums101" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Frame_drum" title="Frame drum">Frame drums</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bendir" title="Bendir">Bendir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazhar" title="Mazhar">Mazhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakara_drum" title="Sakara drum">Sakara</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gumbe_(drum)" title="Gumbe (drum)">Gumbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandeiro" title="Pandeiro">Pandeiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandereta_plenera" title="Pandereta plenera">Pandereta plenera</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pandero_jarocho&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pandero jarocho (page does not exist)">Pandero jarocho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamborim" title="Tamborim">Tamborim</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eurasia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adufe" title="Adufe">Adufe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodhr%C3%A1n" title="Bodhrán">Bodhrán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crowdy-crawn" title="Crowdy-crawn">Crowdy-crawn</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Daf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayereh" class="mw-redirect" title="Dayereh">Dayereh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhy%C4%81ngro" title="Dhyāngro">Dhyāngro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanjira" title="Kanjira">Kanjira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lag-na" title="Lag-na">Lag-na</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandero" title="Pandero">Pandero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parai" title="Parai">Parai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patayani_thappu" class="mw-redirect" title="Patayani thappu">Patayani thappu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebana" title="Rebana">Rebana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riddle_drum" title="Riddle drum">Riddle drum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riq" class="mw-redirect" title="Riq">Riq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sami_drum" class="mw-redirect" title="Sami drum">Sami drum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skor_yike" title="Skor yike">Skor yike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tambourine" title="Tambourine">Tambourine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tar_(drum)" title="Tar (drum)">Tar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timbrel" title="Timbrel">Timbrel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Frame_drums" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Frame drums">Frame drums at Wikimedia Commons</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Percussion_instruments266" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Percussion_instruments" title="Template:Percussion instruments"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Percussion_instruments" title="Template talk:Percussion instruments"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Percussion_instruments" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Percussion instruments"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Percussion_instruments266" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Percussion_instrument" title="Percussion instrument">Percussion instruments</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_percussion_instruments" title="List of percussion instruments">List of percussion instruments</a><br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_percussion_instruments_by_type" title="List of percussion instruments by type">List of percussion instruments by type</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pitched_percussion_instrument" title="Pitched percussion instrument">Pitched percussion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Keyboard_percussion54" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Keyboard_percussion_instrument" title="Keyboard percussion instrument">Keyboard percussion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aluphone" title="Aluphone">Aluphone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carillon" title="Carillon">Carillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crotales" title="Crotales">Crotales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glockenspiel" title="Glockenspiel">Glockenspiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marimba" title="Marimba">Marimba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tubaphone" title="Tubaphone">Tubaphone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tubular_bells" title="Tubular bells">Tubular bells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vibraphone" title="Vibraphone">Vibraphone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xylophone" title="Xylophone">Xylophone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Handbell" title="Handbell">Handbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handpan" title="Handpan">Handpan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steelpan" title="Steelpan">Steelpan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabla" title="Tabla">Tabla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timpani" title="Timpani">Timpani</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Unpitched_percussion_instrument" title="Unpitched percussion instrument">Unpitched percussion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bass_drum" title="Bass drum">Bass drum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodhr%C3%A1n" title="Bodhrán">Bodhrán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bongos" class="mw-redirect" title="Bongos">Bongos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabasa" title="Cabasa">Cabasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caj%C3%B3n" title="Cajón">Cajón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castanets" title="Castanets">Castanets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claves" title="Claves">Claves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conga" title="Conga">Conga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cowbell_(instrument)" title="Cowbell (instrument)">Cowbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cymbals" class="mw-redirect" title="Cymbals">Cymbals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djembe" title="Djembe">Djembe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maraca" title="Maraca">Maracas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_tree" title="Mark tree">Mark tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snare_drum" title="Snare drum">Snare drum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiko" title="Taiko">Taiko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tambourine" title="Tambourine">Tambourine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gong#Chau_gong_(tam-tam)" title="Gong">Tam-tam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_blocks" title="Temple blocks">Temple blocks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timbales" title="Timbales">Timbales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triangle_(musical_instrument)" title="Triangle (musical instrument)">Triangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodblock_(instrument)" title="Woodblock (instrument)">Wood block</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Electronic_percussion" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronic percussion">Electronic percussion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drum_machine" title="Drum machine">Drum machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_drum" title="Electronic drum">Electronic drum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roland_Octapad" title="Roland Octapad">Octapad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Percussion groupings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drum_kit" title="Drum kit">Drum kit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marching_percussion" title="Marching percussion">Marching percussion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Front_ensemble" title="Front ensemble">Front ensemble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indoor_percussion_ensemble" title="Indoor percussion ensemble">Indoor percussion ensemble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Percussion_section" title="Percussion section">Percussion section</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Percussion_ensemble" title="Percussion ensemble">Percussion ensemble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drum_circle" title="Drum circle">Drum circle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Classification_of_percussion_instruments" title="Classification of percussion instruments">Classification of percussion instruments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drum_stick" title="Drum stick">Drum stick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Percussion_mallet" title="Percussion mallet">Percussion mallet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cymbal_manufacturers" title="List of cymbal manufacturers">List of cymbal manufacturers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_drum_manufacturers" title="List of drum manufacturers">List of drum manufacturers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_marimba_manufacturers" title="List of marimba manufacturers">List of marimba manufacturers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vibraphone_manufacturers" title="List of vibraphone manufacturers">List of vibraphone manufacturers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_timpani_manufacturers" title="List of timpani manufacturers">List of timpani manufacturers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11084057#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata535" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11084057#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata535" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11084057#identifiers" title="Edit this at 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style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/instrument/182121b7-ecec-4a56-a480-563c895225f9">MusicBrainz instrument</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Daf&oldid=1283936157">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Daf&oldid=1283936157</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: 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