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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Chinese politician and scholar of Ming period (1513–1578)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_footnotes_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-More_footnotes_needed" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/40px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/60px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/80px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article includes a list of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#General_references" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">general references</a>, but <b>it lacks sufficient corresponding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Reliability" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Reliability">improve</a> this article by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:When_to_cite" title="Wikipedia:When to cite">introducing</a> more precise citations.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2017</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">In this <a href="/wiki/Chinese_name" title="Chinese name">Chinese name</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_surname" title="Chinese surname">family name</a> is <i> <a href="/wiki/Gao_(surname)" title="Gao (surname)">Gao</a></i>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Gao Gong</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:%E9%AB%98%E6%8B%B1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/%E9%AB%98%E6%8B%B1.jpg/220px-%E9%AB%98%E6%8B%B1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="350" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/%E9%AB%98%E6%8B%B1.jpg/330px-%E9%AB%98%E6%8B%B1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/%E9%AB%98%E6%8B%B1.jpg/440px-%E9%AB%98%E6%8B%B1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="712" data-file-height="1134" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Grand_Secretary" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Secretary">Senior Grand Secretary</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1571–1572</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Monarchs</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Longqing_Emperor" title="Longqing Emperor">Longqing Emperor</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Wanli_Emperor" title="Wanli Emperor">Wanli Emperor</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Li Chunfang</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Juzheng" title="Zhang Juzheng">Zhang Juzheng</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">19 January 1513<br />Zhengde 7, 13th day of the 12th month<br />(正德七年十二月十三日)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">4 August 1578<span style="display:none">(1578-08-04)</span> (aged 65)<br />Wanli 6, 2nd day of the 7th month<br />(萬曆六年七月初二日)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Gao Gong</b> (<a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hant">高拱</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Gāo Gǒng</span></i>; <a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn-wadegile">Kao Kung</span></i>; 19 January 1513 – 4 August 1578) <a href="/wiki/Courtesy_name" title="Courtesy name">courtesy name</a> <b>Suqing</b> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">肅卿</span></span>), <a href="/wiki/Art_name" title="Art name">art name</a> <b>Zhongxuan</b> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">中玄</span></span>), was a Chinese politician of the <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</a>. </p><p>Gao was born in <a href="/wiki/Xinzheng" title="Xinzheng">Xinzheng</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a>. He became jinshi in 1541, then held a post at <a href="/wiki/Hanlin_Academy" title="Hanlin Academy">Hanlin Academy</a>. Since 1552, he served as tutor to the then heir apparent, later the <a href="/wiki/Longqing_Emperor" title="Longqing Emperor">Longqing Emperor</a> for nine years, which made the emperor trust him fully. He served successively as Vice Minister of Rites, Vice Minister of Personnel, and Minister of Rites. In 1566, he was promoted to the Grand Secretariat of <a href="/wiki/Wenyuan_Chamber" class="mw-redirect" title="Wenyuan Chamber">Wenyuan Chamber</a> with recommendation from <a href="/wiki/Xu_Jie_(Ming_dynasty)" title="Xu Jie (Ming dynasty)">Xu Jie</a>. After the enthronement of the Longqing Emperor, Gao's higher status catalyzed a sudden escalation of antagonism between Gao and Xu. Impeached by several censors, he was forced to retire in 1567. <a href="/wiki/Zhang_Juzheng" title="Zhang Juzheng">Zhang Juzheng</a> did his utmost to persuade the emperor to recall Gao for political reasons. Thus, Gao returned to Beijing in 1569. He replaced Li Chunfang, the former Senior <a href="/wiki/Grand_Secretariat" title="Grand Secretariat">Grand Secretary</a>, who was defeated in the political struggle by the death of the emperor. Zhang was hostile to him afterwards. The eunuchs in the Directorate of Ceremonial headed by Feng Bao brooked no weakening of their power by Gao. Hence, an alignment grew up between Zhang and Feng aimed at marginalizing Gao. They criticized Gao before <a href="/wiki/Empress_Dowager_Xiaoding" title="Empress Dowager Xiaoding">Empress Dowager Xiaoding</a>. Gao had to retire and return home once again. He finished the memoir <i>Bingta yiyan</i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">病榻遺言</span></span>) [<i>The last words left on my sickbed</i>] in his later years. In 1578, Gao died at home.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although Gao's term was quite brief, he made great efforts with Zhang to subsume <a href="/wiki/Altan_Khan" title="Altan Khan">Altan Khan</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Tumed" title="Tumed">Tumed</a> into the <a href="/wiki/Tribute" title="Tribute">tributary system</a>. Consequently, he was granted the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Preceptor" title="Grand Preceptor">Grand Preceptor</a> as the posthumous title in 1602. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gao_Gong&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Encyclopedia of China, Vol. 7 (2nd edition, 中国大百科全书（第二版）第7册)</i>. Encyclopedia of China Publishing House. 2009. p. 292. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-7-500-07958-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-7-500-07958-3"><bdi>978-7-500-07958-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+China%2C+Vol.+7+%282nd+edition%2C+%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6%EF%BC%88%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E7%89%88%EF%BC%89%E7%AC%AC7%E5%86%8C%29&rft.pages=292&rft.pub=Encyclopedia+of+China+Publishing+House&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-7-500-07958-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGao+Gong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gao_Gong&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMote,_Twitchett2007" class="citation book cs1">Mote, Twitchett (2007). <i>The Cambridge History of China, Volume 7: The Ming Dynasty, 1368–1644, Part 1</i>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-24332-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-24332-2"><bdi>978-0-521-24332-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+History+of+China%2C+Volume+7%3A+The+Ming+Dynasty%2C+1368%E2%80%931644%2C+Part+1&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-521-24332-2&rft.au=Mote%2C+Twitchett&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGao+Gong" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTwitchett,_Mote1998" class="citation book cs1">Twitchett, Mote, Denis, Frederick W. (1998). <i>The Cambridge History of China, Volume 8: The Ming Dynasty, 1368–1644, Part 2</i>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-24333-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-24333-9"><bdi>978-0-521-24333-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+History+of+China%2C+Volume+8%3A+The+Ming+Dynasty%2C+1368%E2%80%931644%2C+Part+2&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-521-24333-9&rft.aulast=Twitchett%2C+Mote&rft.aufirst=Denis%2C+Frederick+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGao+Gong" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></li></ul> </div> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Chunfang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Li Chunfang (page does not exist)">Li Chunfang</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Grand_Secretary" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Secretary">Senior Grand Secretary</a> </b><br />1571–1572 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Juzheng" title="Zhang Juzheng">Zhang Juzheng</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist 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Secretaries of the Ming dynasty</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Yongle era</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huang_Huai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huang Huai (page does not exist)">Huang Huai</a> <small>(acting)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xie_Jin_(mandarin)" title="Xie Jin (mandarin)">Xie Jin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hu_Guang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hu Guang (page does not exist)">Hu Guang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_Rong_(mandarin)" title="Yang Rong (mandarin)">Yang Rong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hongxi and Xuande eras</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yang_Shiqi" title="Yang Shiqi">Yang Shiqi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Zhengtong era</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yang_Shiqi" title="Yang Shiqi">Yang Shiqi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yang_Pu_(mandarin)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yang Pu (mandarin) (page does not exist)">Yang Pu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cao_Nai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cao Nai (page does not exist)">Cao Nai</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chen_Xun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chen Xun (page does not exist)">Chen Xun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Jingtai era</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chen_Xun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chen Xun (page does not exist)">Chen Xun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tianshun era</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chen_Xun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chen Xun (page does not exist)">Chen Xun</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gao_Gu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gao Gu (page does not exist)">Gao Gu</a> <small>(acting)</small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xu_Youzhen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xu Youzhen (page does not exist)">Xu Youzhen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xu_Bin_(mandarin)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xu Bin (mandarin) (page does not exist)">Xu Bin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Xian_(Ming_dynasty)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Li Xian (Ming dynasty) (page does not exist)">Li Xian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chenghua era</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Xian_(Ming_dynasty)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Li Xian (Ming dynasty) (page does not exist)">Li Xian</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chen_Wen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chen Wen (page does not exist)">Chen Wen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Xian_(Ming_dynasty)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Li Xian (Ming dynasty) (page does not exist)">Li Xian</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chen_Wen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chen Wen (page does not exist)">Chen Wen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peng_Shi_(mandarin)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peng Shi (mandarin) (page does not exist)">Peng Shi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shang_Lu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shang Lu (page does not exist)">Shang Lu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wan_An_(mandarin)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wan An (mandarin) (page does not exist)">Wan An</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liu_Ji_(Grand_Secretary)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liu Ji (Grand Secretary) (page does not exist)">Liu Ji</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hongzhi era</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liu_Ji_(Grand_Secretary)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liu Ji (Grand Secretary) (page does not exist)">Liu Ji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xu_Pu" title="Xu Pu">Xu Pu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liu_Jian_(mandarin)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liu Jian (mandarin) (page does not exist)">Liu Jian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Zhengde era</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liu_Jian_(mandarin)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liu Jian (mandarin) (page does not exist)">Liu Jian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Dongyang" title="Li Dongyang">Li Dongyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_Tinghe" title="Yang Tinghe">Yang Tinghe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liang_Chu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liang Chu (page does not exist)">Liang Chu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_Tinghe" title="Yang Tinghe">Yang Tinghe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Jiajing era</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yang_Tinghe" title="Yang Tinghe">Yang Tinghe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jiang_Mian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jiang Mian (page does not exist)">Jiang Mian</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mao_Ji&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mao Ji (page does not exist)">Mao Ji</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fei_Hong&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fei Hong (page does not exist)">Fei Hong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_Yiqing" title="Yang Yiqing">Yang Yiqing</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fei_Hong&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fei Hong (page does not exist)">Fei Hong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_Yiqing" title="Yang Yiqing">Yang Yiqing</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhang_Fujing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhang Fujing (page does not exist)">Zhang Cong</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhai_Luan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhai Luan (page does not exist)">Zhai Luan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhang_Fujing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhang Fujing (page does not exist)">Zhang Fujing</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fang_Xianfu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fang Xianfu (page does not exist)">Fang Xianfu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhang_Fujing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhang Fujing (page does not exist)">Zhang Fujing</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Shi_(Grand_Secretary)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Li Shi (Grand Secretary) (page does not exist)">Li Shi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xia_Yan_(Ming_dynasty)" title="Xia Yan (Ming dynasty)">Xia Yan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gu_Dingchen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gu Dingchen (page does not exist)">Gu Dingchen</a> <small>(acting)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xia_Yan_(Ming_dynasty)" title="Xia Yan (Ming dynasty)">Xia Yan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhai_Luan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhai Luan (page does not exist)">Zhai Luan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xia_Yan_(Ming_dynasty)" title="Xia Yan (Ming dynasty)">Xia Yan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhai_Luan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhai Luan (page does not exist)">Zhai Luan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yan_Song" title="Yan Song">Yan Song</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xia_Yan_(Ming_dynasty)" title="Xia Yan (Ming dynasty)">Xia Yan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yan_Song" title="Yan Song">Yan Song</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xu_Jie_(Ming_dynasty)" title="Xu Jie (Ming dynasty)">Xu Jie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Longqing era</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xu_Jie_(Ming_dynasty)" title="Xu Jie (Ming dynasty)">Xu Jie</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Chunfang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Li Chunfang (page does not exist)">Li Chunfang</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gao Gong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Juzheng" title="Zhang Juzheng">Zhang Juzheng</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Wanli era</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Juzheng" title="Zhang Juzheng">Zhang Juzheng</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhang_Siwei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhang Siwei (page does not exist)">Zhang Siwei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shen_Shixing" title="Shen Shixing">Shen Shixing</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wang_Jiaping&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wang Jiaping (page does not exist)">Wang Jiaping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhao_Zhigao" title="Zhao Zhigao">Zhao Zhigao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Xijue" title="Wang Xijue">Wang Xijue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhao_Zhigao" title="Zhao Zhigao">Zhao Zhigao</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shen_Yiguan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shen Yiguan (page does not exist)">Shen Yiguan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhu_Geng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhu Geng (page does not exist)">Zhu Geng</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Tingji&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Li Tingji (page does not exist)">Li Tingji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ye_Xianggao" title="Ye Xianggao">Ye Xianggao</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fang_Congzhe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fang Congzhe (page does not exist)">Fang Congzhe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Taichang era</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fang_Congzhe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fang Congzhe (page does not exist)">Fang Congzhe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liu_Yizhu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liu Yizhu (page does not exist)">Liu Yizhu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tianqi era</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liu_Yizhu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liu Yizhu (page does not exist)">Liu Yizhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ye_Xianggao" title="Ye Xianggao">Ye Xianggao</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Han_Kuang_(mandarin)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Han Kuang (mandarin) (page does not exist)">Han Kuang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhu_Guozhen_(Ming_dynasty)" title="Zhu Guozhen (Ming dynasty)">Zhu Guozhen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gu_Bingqian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gu Bingqian (page does not exist)">Gu Bingqian</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huang_Liji&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huang Liji (page does not exist)">Huang Liji</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shi_Fenglai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shi Fenglai (page does not exist)">Shi Fenglai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chongzhen era</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shi_Fenglai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shi Fenglai (page does not exist)">Shi Fenglai</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Guopu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Li Guopu (page does not exist)">Li Guopu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lai_Zongdao&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lai Zongdao (page does not exist)">Lai Zongdao</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhou_Daodeng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhou Daodeng (page does not exist)">Zhou Daodeng</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Han_Kuang_(mandarin)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Han Kuang (mandarin) (page does not exist)">Han Kuang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Biao_(mandarin)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Li Biao (mandarin) (page does not exist)">Li Biao</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cheng_Jiming&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cheng Jiming (page does not exist)">Cheng Jiming</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhou_Tingru&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhou Tingru (page does not exist)">Zhou Tingru</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wen_Tiren&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wen Tiren (page does not exist)">Wen Tiren</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhang_Zhifa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhang Zhifa (page does not exist)">Zhang Zhifa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kong_Zhenyun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kong Zhenyun (page does not exist)">Kong Zhenyun</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liu_Yuliang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liu Yuliang (page does not exist)">Liu Yuliang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xue_Guoguan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xue Guoguan (page does not exist)">Xue Guoguan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fan_Fucui&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fan Fucui (page does not exist)">Fan Fucui</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhang_Sizhi_(mandarin)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhang Sizhi (mandarin) (page does not exist)">Zhang Sizhi</a> <small>(acting)</small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhou_Tingru&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhou Tingru (page does not exist)">Zhou Tingru</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chen_Yan_(Ming_dynasty)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chen Yan (Ming dynasty) (page does not exist)">Chen Yan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jiang_Dejing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jiang Dejing (page does not exist)">Jiang Dejing</a> <small>(acting)</small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wei_Zaode&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wei Zaode (page does not exist)">Wei Zaode</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Jiantai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Li Jiantai (page does not exist)">Li Jiantai</a> <small>(acting)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Ming" title="Southern Ming">Southern Ming</a> regimes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shi_Kefa" title="Shi Kefa">Shi Kefa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gao_Hongtu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gao Hongtu (page does not exist)">Gao Hongtu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma_Shiying" title="Ma Shiying">Ma Shiying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huang_Daozhou" title="Huang Daozhou">Huang Daozhou</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lu_Zhenfei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lu Zhenfei (page does not exist)">Lu Zhenfei</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ding_Kuichu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ding Kuichu (page does not exist)">Ding Kuichu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fang_Fengnian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fang Fengnian (page does not exist)">Fang Fengnian</a><sup><b>a</b></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ke_Xiaqing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ke Xiaqing (page does not exist)">Ke Xiaqing</a> <small>(acting)</small><sup><b>a</b></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Zhichun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Li Zhichun (page does not exist)">Li Zhichun</a> <small>(acting)</small><sup><b>a</b></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiong_Rulin_(mandarin)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xiong Rulin (mandarin) (page does not exist)">Xiong Rulin</a><sup><b>a</b></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ma_Sili&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ma Sili (page does not exist)">Ma Sili</a><sup><b>a</b></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhang_Kentang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhang Kentang (page does not exist)">Zhang Kentang</a><sup><b>a</b></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shen_Chenquan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shen Chenquan (page does not exist)">Shen Chenquan</a><sup><b>a</b></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qu_Shisi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qu Shisi (page does not exist)">Qu Shisi</a> <small>(acting)</small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wu_Bing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wu Bing (page does not exist)">Wu Bing</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qu_Shisi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qu Shisi (page does not exist)">Qu Shisi</a> <small>(acting)</small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yan_Qiheng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yan Qiheng (page does not exist)">Yan Qiheng</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huang_Shijun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huang Shijun (page does not exist)">Huang Shijun</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yan_Qiheng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yan Qiheng (page does not exist)">Yan Qiheng</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wen_Anzhi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wen Anzhi (page does not exist)">Wen Anzhi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wu_Zhenyu_(mandarin)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wu Zhenyu (mandarin) (page does not exist)">Wu Zhenyu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ding_Jishan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ding Jishan (page does not exist)">Ding Jishan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ma_Jixiang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ma Jixiang (page does not exist)">Ma Jixiang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhang_Huangyan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhang Huangyan (page does not exist)">Zhang Huangyan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><sup><b>a</b></sup>Senior Grand Secretaries of the <a href="/wiki/Zhu_Yihai" title="Zhu Yihai">Prince of Lu (魯) regime</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15907002#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15907002#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15907002#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000083408319">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/21191575">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1965601/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJwCXGDfTqgTx67bdvD8YP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n87128162">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007330735705171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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