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id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Hattie Caraway</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 21 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-21" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">21 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A_%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%8A" title="هاتي أوفيليا وايات كاراوي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هاتي أوفيليا وايات كاراوي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7%DB%8C" title="هاتی ویات کاراوای – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="هاتی ویات کاراوای" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hattie_Caraway" title="Hattie Caraway – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hattie Caraway" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hattie_Caraway" title="Hattie Caraway – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hattie Caraway" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hattie_Caraway" title="Hattie Caraway – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Hattie Caraway" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%AA%DB%8C_%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C" title="هتی کیراوی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هتی کیراوی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hattie_Wyatt_Caraway" title="Hattie Wyatt Caraway – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Hattie Wyatt Caraway" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A5%D5%A9%D5%AB_%D4%BF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A5%D5%B5" title="Հեթի Կարաուեյ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հեթի Կարաուեյ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hattie_Caraway" title="Hattie Caraway – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Hattie Caraway" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%90%D7%98%D7%99_%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99" title="האטי קראווי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="האטי קראווי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%B0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98_%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A3%E1%83%94%E1%83%98" title="ჰეტი კარაუეი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჰეტი კარაუეი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hattie_Caraway" title="Hattie Caraway – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Hattie Caraway" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hattie_W._Caraway" title="Hattie W. Caraway – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Hattie W. Caraway" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hattie_Caraway" title="Hattie Caraway – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Hattie Caraway" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hattie_Caraway" title="Hattie Caraway – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Hattie Caraway" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hattie_Caraway" title="Hattie Caraway – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Hattie Caraway" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8D%D0%B9,_%D0%A5%D1%8D%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%A3%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82" title="Карауэй, Хэтти Уайатт – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Карауэй, Хэтти Уайатт" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hattie_Caraway" title="Hattie Caraway – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Hattie Caraway" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hattie_Caraway" title="Hattie Caraway – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Hattie Caraway" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hattie_Wyatt_Caraway" title="Hattie Wyatt Caraway – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hattie Wyatt Caraway" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%82%D1%96_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%8F%D1%82_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Гетті Ваят Каравей – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гетті Ваят Каравей" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1027455#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hattie_Caraway" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" 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<div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American politician (1878–1950)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Hattie Wyatt Caraway</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Arkansas_senator._Washington,_D.C.,_March_11._Senator_Hattie_W._Caraway,_Democrat_of_Arkansas,_from_a_new_informal_picture_made_in_her_office_at_the_Capitol_today,_3-11-40_LCCN2016877256_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Arkansas_senator._Washington%2C_D.C.%2C_March_11._Senator_Hattie_W._Caraway%2C_Democrat_of_Arkansas%2C_from_a_new_informal_picture_made_in_her_office_at_the_Capitol_today%2C_3-11-40_LCCN2016877256_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="274" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Arkansas_senator._Washington%2C_D.C.%2C_March_11._Senator_Hattie_W._Caraway%2C_Democrat_of_Arkansas%2C_from_a_new_informal_picture_made_in_her_office_at_the_Capitol_today%2C_3-11-40_LCCN2016877256_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Arkansas_senator._Washington%2C_D.C.%2C_March_11._Senator_Hattie_W._Caraway%2C_Democrat_of_Arkansas%2C_from_a_new_informal_picture_made_in_her_office_at_the_Capitol_today%2C_3-11-40_LCCN2016877256_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7563" data-file-height="9419" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Caraway in 1940</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senator</a><br />from <a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">Arkansas</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />November 13, 1931 – January 3, 1945</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Thaddeus_H._Caraway" title="Thaddeus H. Caraway">Thaddeus Caraway</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/J._William_Fulbright" title="J. William Fulbright">William Fulbright</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Hattie Ophelia Wyatt</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1878-02-01</span>)</span>February 1, 1878<br /><a href="/wiki/Bakerville,_Tennessee" title="Bakerville, Tennessee">Bakerville</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">December 21, 1950<span style="display:none">(1950-12-21)</span> (aged 72)<br /><a href="/wiki/Falls_Church,_Virginia" title="Falls Church, Virginia">Falls Church</a>, <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Thaddeus_H._Caraway" title="Thaddeus H. Caraway">Thaddeus Caraway</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1902; died 1931)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">3, including <a href="/wiki/Paul_Caraway" title="Paul Caraway">Paul</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data">Ebenezer College<br />Dickson Normal College (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">BA</a>)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Hattie Ophelia Wyatt Caraway</b> (February 1, 1878 – December 21, 1950) was an <a href="/wiki/Americans" title="Americans">American</a> <a href="/wiki/Politician" title="Politician">politician</a> who served in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a>, representing <a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">Arkansas</a> from 1931 to 1945. She was the first woman elected to serve a full term as a <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States senator</a>. She was the first woman to preside over the Senate. She won reelection to a full term in 1932 with the active support of fellow Senator <a href="/wiki/Huey_Long" title="Huey Long">Huey Long</a>, of neighboring <a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hattie_Caraway&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hattie_Caraway_by_Harris_%26_Ewing,_1914.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Hattie_Caraway_by_Harris_%26_Ewing%2C_1914.jpg/170px-Hattie_Caraway_by_Harris_%26_Ewing%2C_1914.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Hattie_Caraway_by_Harris_%26_Ewing%2C_1914.jpg/255px-Hattie_Caraway_by_Harris_%26_Ewing%2C_1914.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Hattie_Caraway_by_Harris_%26_Ewing%2C_1914.jpg/340px-Hattie_Caraway_by_Harris_%26_Ewing%2C_1914.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3539" data-file-height="5329" /></a><figcaption>Hattie Caraway in 1914</figcaption></figure> <p>Hattie Wyatt was born near <a href="/wiki/Rural" class="mw-redirect" title="Rural">rural</a> <a href="/wiki/Bakerville,_Tennessee" title="Bakerville, Tennessee">Bakerville</a> in <a href="/wiki/Humphreys_County,_Tennessee" title="Humphreys County, Tennessee">Humphreys County</a> in west-central <a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a>, the daughter of William Carroll Wyatt, a farmer and shopkeeper, and the former Lucy Mildred Burch. At the age of four, she moved with her family to <a href="/wiki/Hustburg" title="Hustburg">Hustburg</a> in Humphreys County. Despite her family's relative poverty, she had always hoped to pursue higher education, which was made possible through the generosity of a wealthy aunt.<sup id="cite_ref-si_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-si-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After attending a one-room schoolhouse and Ebenezer Church in Hustburg, she transferred to Dickson (Tennessee) Normal College, wherein 1896 she received her <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">Bachelor of Arts</a> degree. She taught school for a time before in 1902 marrying <a href="/wiki/Thaddeus_Caraway" class="mw-redirect" title="Thaddeus Caraway">Thaddeus Caraway</a>, whom she had met in college. They had three sons: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Caraway" title="Paul Caraway">Paul</a>, Forrest, and Robert; Paul and Forrest became <a href="/wiki/General" class="mw-redirect" title="General">generals</a> in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a>. The couple settled in <a href="/wiki/Jonesboro,_Arkansas" title="Jonesboro, Arkansas">Jonesboro</a>, Arkansas, where he established a legal practice while she cared for the children, tended the household and kitchen garden, and helped to oversee the family's <a href="/wiki/Cotton" title="Cotton">cotton</a> farm.<sup id="cite_ref-hendricks_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hendricks-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (January 2020)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The Caraways established a second home <a href="/wiki/Riversdale_(Riverdale_Park,_Maryland)" title="Riversdale (Riverdale Park, Maryland)">Riversdale</a> at <a href="/wiki/Riverdale_Park,_Maryland" title="Riverdale Park, Maryland">Riverdale Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a>. Thaddeus was elected to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">United States House of Representatives</a> in <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_elections,_1912" class="mw-redirect" title="United States House elections, 1912">1912</a>, and he served in that office until <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_elections,_1920" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate elections, 1920">1921</a> when he became a U.S. senator. Although she took an interest in her husband's political career, Hattie Caraway avoided the capital's social and political life as well as the campaign for women's suffrage. She recalled that "after equal suffrage I just added voting to cooking and sewing and other household duties."<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="U.S._Senator">U.S. Senator</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hattie_Caraway&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: U.S. Senator"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Thaddeus Caraway died in office in 1931. Following the precedent of appointing widows to temporarily take their husbands' places, Arkansas governor <a href="/wiki/Harvey_Parnell" title="Harvey Parnell">Harvey Parnell</a> appointed Hattie Caraway to the vacant seat, and she was sworn into office on December 9. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Elections">Elections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hattie_Caraway&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Elections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="January_1932">January 1932</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hattie_Caraway&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: January 1932"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Arkansas" title="Democratic Party of Arkansas">Democratic Party of Arkansas</a>'s backing, she easily won a special election in January 1932 for the remaining months of the term, becoming the first woman elected to the Senate.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1932">1932</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hattie_Caraway&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 1932"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/1932_United_States_Senate_election_in_Arkansas" title="1932 United States Senate election in Arkansas">1932 United States Senate election in Arkansas</a></div> <p>In May 1932, Caraway surprised Arkansas politicians by announcing that she would run for a full term in the upcoming election, joining a field already crowded with prominent candidates who had assumed she would step aside. She told reporters, "The time has passed when a woman should be placed in a position and kept there only while someone else is being groomed for the job."<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When she was invited by <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President</a> <a href="/wiki/Charles_Curtis" title="Charles Curtis">Charles Curtis</a> to preside over the Senate she took advantage of the situation to announce that she would run for reelection. <a href="/wiki/Populism" title="Populism">Populist</a> former <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Louisiana" title="Governor of Louisiana">Governor</a> and Senator <a href="/wiki/Huey_Long" title="Huey Long">Huey Long</a> of neighboring <a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a> traveled to Arkansas on a seven-day campaign swing on her behalf. She was the first female senator to preside over the body as well as the first to chair a committee (Senate Committee on Enrolled Bills).<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lacking any significant political backing, Caraway accepted the offer of help from Long, whose efforts to limit incomes of the wealthy and increase aid to the poor she had supported. Long was also motivated by sympathy for the widow and his ambition to extend his influence into the home state of his party rival, Senator <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Taylor_Robinson" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Taylor Robinson">Joseph Robinson</a>, who had been <a href="/wiki/Al_Smith" title="Al Smith">Al Smith</a>'s vice-presidential candidate in <a href="/wiki/U.S._presidential_election,_1928" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. presidential election, 1928">1928</a>. Bringing his colorful and flamboyant campaign style to Arkansas, Long stumped the state with Caraway for a week just before the Democratic primary. He helped her to amass nearly twice as many votes as her closest opponent.<sup id="cite_ref-hendricks_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hendricks-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (January 2020)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Long effectively used a method to quiet crying babies at campaign stops in Arkansas to encourage voter interest: </p> <blockquote><p> Mrs. Caraway would never forget nor cease to laugh over the plans we made for caring for obstreperous infants in the audience so that their mothers might listen to the speeches without the crowds being disturbed. I remember when I saw her notice one of our campaigners take charge of the first baby. The child began fretting and then began to cry. One of the young men accompanying us immediately gave it a drink of water. The child quieted for a bit and resumed a whimper, whereupon the same campaign worker handed the baby an all-day sucker, which it immediately grasped and soon fell asleep. Mrs. Caraway did not understand that it was a matter of design until it had been repeated several times.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Caraway went on to win the <a href="/wiki/1932_United_States_Senate_elections" title="1932 United States Senate elections">general election</a> in November, with the accompanying victory of <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> as <a href="/wiki/U.S._President" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. President">U.S. President</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-hendricks_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hendricks-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (January 2020)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1938">1938</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hattie_Caraway&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 1938"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/1938_United_States_Senate_election_in_Arkansas" title="1938 United States Senate election in Arkansas">1938 United States Senate election in Arkansas</a></div> <p>In 1938, Caraway entered a tough fight for <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_elections,_1938" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate elections, 1938">reelection</a>, challenged by Representative <a href="/wiki/John_Little_McClellan" class="mw-redirect" title="John Little McClellan">John Little McClellan</a>, who argued that a man could more effectively promote the state's interests using the slogan, "Arkansas Needs Another Man in the Senate!"<sup id="cite_ref-si_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-si-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With backing from government employees, women's groups, and unions, Caraway won a narrow victory in the primary and took the general election with 89.4 percent of the vote over the <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> C. D. Atkinson of <a href="/wiki/Fayetteville,_Arkansas" title="Fayetteville, Arkansas">Fayetteville</a> in <a href="/wiki/Washington_County,_Arkansas" title="Washington County, Arkansas">Washington County</a>. In doing so, she became not only the first woman to be elected to the Senate, but also the first to be re-elected.<sup id="cite_ref-si_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-si-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1944">1944</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hattie_Caraway&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 1944"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/1944_United_States_Senate_election_in_Arkansas" title="1944 United States Senate election in Arkansas">1944 United States Senate election in Arkansas</a></div> <p>In her bid for reelection in 1944, Caraway placed a poor fourth in the Democratic primary and lost to freshman U.S. Representative <a href="/wiki/J._William_Fulbright" title="J. William Fulbright">J. William Fulbright</a> of <a href="/wiki/Arkansas%27s_3rd_congressional_district" title="Arkansas's 3rd congressional district">Arkansas's 3rd congressional district</a>. He was the young, dynamic former president of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Arkansas" title="University of Arkansas">University of Arkansas</a> at Fayetteville who had already gained a national reputation. To claim the seat, Fulbright defeated sitting Governor <a href="/wiki/Homer_Martin_Adkins" title="Homer Martin Adkins">Homer Martin Adkins</a> and then the Republican Victor Wade of <a href="/wiki/Batesville,_Arkansas" title="Batesville, Arkansas">Batesville</a>. The lack of visibility with her constituents may have been the primary reason that Caraway lost the 1944 nomination.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tenure">Tenure</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hattie_Caraway&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Tenure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Caraway's Senate committee assignments included Agriculture and Forestry, Commerce, and Enrolled Bills and Library, which she chaired. She sustained a special interest in relief for farmers, flood control, and veterans' benefits, all of direct concern to her constituents, and cast her votes for nearly every <a href="/wiki/New_Deal" title="New Deal">New Deal</a> measure. In 1938, she joined fellow Southerners in a <a href="/wiki/Filibuster" title="Filibuster">filibuster</a> against an <a href="/wiki/Lynching_in_the_United_States" title="Lynching in the United States">anti-lynching bill</a> that year. Although she carefully prepared herself for Senate work, Caraway spoke infrequently and rarely made speeches on the floor but built a reputation as an honest and sincere senator. She was sometimes portrayed by patronizing reporters as "Silent Hattie" or "the quiet grandmother who never said anything or did anything." She explained her reticence as unwillingness "to take a minute away from the men. The poor dears love it so."<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During her tenure in the Senate, three other women – Long's widow, <a href="/wiki/Rose_McConnell_Long" title="Rose McConnell Long">Rose McConnell Long</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dixie_Bibb_Graves" title="Dixie Bibb Graves">Dixie Bibb Graves</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gladys_Pyle" title="Gladys Pyle">Gladys Pyle</a> – held brief tenures of two years or less in the Senate, but none of them overlapped, and so there were never more than two women in the body. She supported Roosevelt's foreign policy, arguing for his <a href="/wiki/Lend-Lease" title="Lend-Lease">Lend-Lease</a> bill from her perspective as a mother with two sons in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a>. While encouraging women to contribute to the war effort, Caraway insisted that caring for the home and family was a woman's primary task. Yet her consciousness of women's disadvantages was evident as early as 1931, when, upon being assigned the same Senate desk that had been briefly occupied by the first widow ever appointed to take her husband's place, she commented privately, "I guess they wanted as few of them contaminated as possible." Moreover, in 1943, Caraway became the first woman legislator to cosponsor the <a href="/wiki/Equal_Rights_Amendment" title="Equal Rights Amendment">Equal Rights Amendment</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-hendricks_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hendricks-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (January 2020)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In early 1944, she was an early sponsor of the Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944, popularly known as the <a href="/wiki/G.I._Bill" title="G.I. Bill">G.I. Bill</a>. However, by supporting the bill, she placed herself in opposition to powerful congressmen who condemned the bill for being <a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">socialist</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-si_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-si-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On her final day in the Senate, she received a rare standing ovation from her all-male colleagues.<sup id="cite_ref-si_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-si-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Roosevelt then appointed her to the <a href="/wiki/Employees%27_Compensation_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Employees' Compensation Commission">Employees' Compensation Commission</a>, and in 1946, President <a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a> gave her a post on the Employees' Compensation Appeals Board, on which she served until suffering a <a href="/wiki/Stroke" title="Stroke">stroke</a> in January 1950.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She died on December 21 of the same year in Falls Church, Virginia,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was buried in Oaklawn Cemetery in Jonesboro, Arkansas.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hattie_Caraway&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oaklawn_Cemetery_Jonesboro_AR_011.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Oaklawn_Cemetery_Jonesboro_AR_011.jpg/220px-Oaklawn_Cemetery_Jonesboro_AR_011.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Oaklawn_Cemetery_Jonesboro_AR_011.jpg/330px-Oaklawn_Cemetery_Jonesboro_AR_011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Oaklawn_Cemetery_Jonesboro_AR_011.jpg/440px-Oaklawn_Cemetery_Jonesboro_AR_011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Grave of Hattie Caraway</figcaption></figure> <p>Caraway was a <a href="/wiki/Prohibition" title="Prohibition">prohibitionist</a> and voted against anti-lynching legislation along with other <a href="/wiki/Southern_Democrat" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Democrat">Southern Democratic</a> senators.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was generally a supporter of the <a href="/wiki/New_Deal" title="New Deal">New Deal</a>. Caraway's defiance of the Arkansas establishment in insisting that she was more than a temporary stand-in for her husband enabled her to set a valuable precedent for women in politics. Although she remained at the margins of power, Caraway's diligent and capable attention to Senate responsibilities won the respect of her colleagues, encouraged advocates of wider public roles for women, and demonstrated that political skills were not the exclusive property of men.<sup id="cite_ref-hendricks_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hendricks-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (January 2020)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>On February 21, 2001, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Postal_Service" title="United States Postal Service">United States Postal Service</a> issued a 76-cent <a href="/wiki/Distinguished_Americans_series" title="Distinguished Americans series">Distinguished Americans series</a> postage stamp in her honor.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/US_Sen._Hattie_Caraway_Gravesite" title="US Sen. Hattie Caraway Gravesite">Her gravesite</a> at Oaklawn Cemetery in Jonesboro, Arkansas, was listed in 2007 on the <a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">National Register of Historic Places</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hattie_Caraway&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKathryn_Cullen-DuPont2009" class="citation book cs1">Kathryn Cullen-DuPont (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oIro7MtiFuYC&pg=PA40"><i>Encyclopedia of Women's History in America, 2nd ed</i></a>. Infobase Publishing. pp. 40–41. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4381-1033-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4381-1033-2"><bdi>978-1-4381-1033-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200630135111/https://books.google.com/books?id=oIro7MtiFuYC&pg=PA40">Archived</a> from the original on June 30, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 11,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Women%27s+History+in+America%2C+2nd+ed&rft.pages=40-41&rft.pub=Infobase+Publishing&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-4381-1033-2&rft.au=Kathryn+Cullen-DuPont&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoIro7MtiFuYC%26pg%3DPA40&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHattie+Caraway" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSnyder1975" class="citation journal cs1">Snyder, Robert E. (1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4231456">"Huey Long and the Presidential Election of 1936"</a>. <i>Louisiana History: The Journal of the Louisiana Historical Association</i>. <b>16</b> (2): 129. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4231456">4231456</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201102065239/https://www.jstor.org/stable/4231456">Archived</a> from the original on November 2, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 30,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Louisiana+History%3A+The+Journal+of+the+Louisiana+Historical+Association&rft.atitle=Huey+Long+and+the+Presidential+Election+of+1936&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=129&rft.date=1975&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4231456%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Snyder&rft.aufirst=Robert+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4231456&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHattie+Caraway" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-si-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-si_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-si_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-si_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-si_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-si_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/meet-hattie-caraway-first-woman-elected-us-senate-180973888/">"Hattie Caraway, the First Woman Elected to the U.S. Senate, Faced a Familiar Struggle With Gender Politics"</a>. <i>Smithsonian Magazine</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200108211352/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/meet-hattie-caraway-first-woman-elected-us-senate-180973888/">Archived</a> from the original on January 8, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 17,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Smithsonian+Magazine&rft.atitle=Hattie+Caraway%2C+the+First+Woman+Elected+to+the+U.S.+Senate%2C+Faced+a+Familiar+Struggle+With+Gender+Politics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smithsonianmag.com%2Fhistory%2Fmeet-hattie-caraway-first-woman-elected-us-senate-180973888%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHattie+Caraway" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hendricks-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hendricks_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hendricks_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hendricks_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hendricks_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hendricks_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHendricks2013" class="citation book cs1">Hendricks, Nancy (April 9, 2013). <i>Senator Hattie Caraway: An Arkansas Legacy</i>. The History Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60949-968-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-60949-968-6"><bdi>978-1-60949-968-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Senator+Hattie+Caraway%3A+An+Arkansas+Legacy&rft.pub=The+History+Press&rft.date=2013-04-09&rft.isbn=978-1-60949-968-6&rft.aulast=Hendricks&rft.aufirst=Nancy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHattie+Caraway" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Suzi Parker, "Bill Clinton's native Arkansas no friend to women," <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/she-the-people/post/bill-clintons-native-arkansas-no-friend-to-women/2012/03/26/gIQA6Ac4dS_blog.html"><i>Washington Post</i> March 27, 2012</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190818063554/https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/she-the-people/post/bill-clintons-native-arkansas-no-friend-to-women/2012/03/26/gIQA6Ac4dS_blog.html">Archived</a> August 18, 2019, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/briefing/women_senators.htm#:~:text=Hattie%20Caraway%20of%20Arkansas%20became,to%20chair%20a%20Senate%20committee.">"U.S. Senate: Women Senators"</a>. <i>www.senate.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 11,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.senate.gov&rft.atitle=U.S.+Senate%3A+Women+Senators&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.senate.gov%2Fartandhistory%2Fhistory%2Fcommon%2Fbriefing%2Fwomen_senators.htm%23%3A~%3Atext%3DHattie%2520Caraway%2520of%2520Arkansas%2520became%2Cto%2520chair%2520a%2520Senate%2520committee.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHattie+Caraway" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.house.gov/People/Listing/C/CARAWAY,-Hattie-Wyatt-(C000138)/">"CARAWAY, Hattie Wyatt | US House of Representatives: History, Art & Archives"</a>. <i>history.house.gov</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190215215807/https://history.house.gov/People/Listing/C/CARAWAY,-Hattie-Wyatt-(C000138)/">Archived</a> from the original on February 15, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 15,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=history.house.gov&rft.atitle=CARAWAY%2C+Hattie+Wyatt+%7C+US+House+of+Representatives%3A+History%2C+Art+%26+Archives&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.house.gov%2FPeople%2FListing%2FC%2FCARAWAY%2C-Hattie-Wyatt-%28C000138%29%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHattie+Caraway" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R43244.pdf">"Women in Congress: Statistics and Brief Overview"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Congressional_Research_Service" title="Congressional Research Service">Congressional Research Service</a>. December 6, 2019. p. 13. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200123153511/https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R43244.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on January 23, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 9,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Women+in+Congress%3A+Statistics+and+Brief+Overview&rft.pages=13&rft.pub=Congressional+Research+Service&rft.date=2019-12-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffas.org%2Fsgp%2Fcrs%2Fmisc%2FR43244.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHattie+Caraway" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Huey_Pierce_Long,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Huey Pierce Long, Jr.">Huey Pierce Long, Jr.</a>, <i>Every Man a King: The Autobiography of Huey P. Long</i> (<a href="/wiki/New_Orleans" title="New Orleans">New Orleans</a>: National Book Club, Inc., 1933), pp. 313–314.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeatherford2009" class="citation book cs1">Weatherford, Doris (October 13, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=F5wukQLkavoC&pg=PA3"><i>American Women during World War II: An Encyclopedia</i></a>. Taylor & Francis. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-203-87066-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-203-87066-2"><bdi>978-0-203-87066-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210120221848/https://books.google.com/books?id=F5wukQLkavoC&pg=PA3">Archived</a> from the original on January 20, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 11,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+Women+during+World+War+II%3A+An+Encyclopedia&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2009-10-13&rft.isbn=978-0-203-87066-2&rft.aulast=Weatherford&rft.aufirst=Doris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DF5wukQLkavoC%26pg%3DPA3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHattie+Caraway" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMolly_A._MayheadBrenda_DeVore_Marshall2005" class="citation book cs1">Molly A. Mayhead; Brenda DeVore Marshall (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XRmyAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA47"><i>Women's Political Discourse: A 21st-Century Perspective</i></a>. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 47. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4616-2244-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4616-2244-4"><bdi>978-1-4616-2244-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Women%27s+Political+Discourse%3A+A+21st-Century+Perspective&rft.pages=47&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-4616-2244-4&rft.au=Molly+A.+Mayhead&rft.au=Brenda+DeVore+Marshall&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXRmyAAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA47&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHattie+Caraway" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrawford2022" class="citation web cs1">Crawford, Julienne (January 7, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encyclopediaofarkansas.net/entries/hattie-ophelia-wyatt-caraway-1278/">"Hattie Ophelia Wyatt Caraway (1878–1950)"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia of Arkansas</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 11,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+of+Arkansas&rft.atitle=Hattie+Ophelia+Wyatt+Caraway+%281878%E2%80%931950%29&rft.date=2022-01-07&rft.aulast=Crawford&rft.aufirst=Julienne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fencyclopediaofarkansas.net%2Fentries%2Fhattie-ophelia-wyatt-caraway-1278%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHattie+Caraway" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arago.si.edu/category_2037604.html">"Arago: 76-cent Hattie W. Caraway"</a>. <i>arago.si.edu</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190216153232/https://arago.si.edu/category_2037604.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 16, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 15,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=arago.si.edu&rft.atitle=Arago%3A+76-cent+Hattie+W.+Caraway&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farago.si.edu%2Fcategory_2037604.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHattie+Caraway" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgallery.nps.gov/NRHP">"National Register Information System"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">National Register of Historic Places</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a>. July 9, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Register+of+Historic+Places&rft.atitle=National+Register+Information+System&rft.date=2010-07-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnpgallery.nps.gov%2FNRHP&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHattie+Caraway" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hattie_Caraway&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libraries.uark.edu/specialcollections/findingaids/caraway.html">Hattie Wyatt Caraway Papers</a> University of Arkansas, Special Collections Department, MS C176</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Primary_source">Primary source</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hattie_Caraway&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Primary source"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Silent Hattie Speaks: The Personal Journal of Senator Hattie Caraway</i>, edited by Diane D. Kincaid (1979), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-20820-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-20820-1">978-0-313-20820-1</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hattie_Caraway&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Hattie_Caraway_(US_Senator)" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Hattie Caraway (US Senator)">Hattie Caraway (US Senator)</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States_CongressC000138" class="citation web cs1">United States Congress. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=C000138">"Hattie Caraway (id: C000138)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Biographical Directory of the United States Congress">Biographical Directory of the United States Congress</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Biographical+Directory+of+the+United+States+Congress&rft.atitle=Hattie+Caraway+%28id%3A+C000138%29&rft.au=United+States+Congress&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbioguide.congress.gov%2Fscripts%2Fbiodisplay.pl%3Findex%3DC000138&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHattie+Caraway" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senate</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Thaddeus_H._Caraway" title="Thaddeus H. Caraway">Thaddeus H. Caraway</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senators_from_Arkansas" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States Senators from Arkansas">United States Senator (Class 3) from Arkansas</a> </b><br />1931–1945 <br />Served alongside: <b><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Taylor_Robinson" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Taylor Robinson">Joseph Taylor Robinson</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_E._Miller" title="John E. Miller">John E. Miller</a>, <a href="/wiki/G._Lloyd_Spencer" class="mw-redirect" title="G. Lloyd Spencer">G. Lloyd Spencer</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Little_McClellan" class="mw-redirect" title="John Little McClellan">John McClellan</a></b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/J._William_Fulbright" title="J. William Fulbright">J. William Fulbright</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_H._Vandenberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthur H. Vandenberg">Arthur Vandenberg</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Chair of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Rules_and_Administration" title="United States Senate Committee on Rules and Administration">Senate Enrolled Bills Committee</a> </b><br />1933–1945 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Charles_O._Andrews" title="Charles O. Andrews">Charles Andrews</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Thaddeus_H._Caraway" title="Thaddeus H. Caraway">Thaddeus H. Caraway</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> nominee for <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senator" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senator">U.S. Senator</a> from <a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">Arkansas</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Classes_of_United_States_Senators" class="mw-redirect" title="Classes of United States Senators">Class 3</a>) </b><br /><a href="/wiki/1932_United_States_Senate_special_election_in_Arkansas" class="mw-redirect" title="1932 United States Senate special election in Arkansas">1932 (special)</a>, <a href="/wiki/1932_United_States_Senate_election_in_Arkansas" title="1932 United States Senate election in Arkansas">1932 (general)</a>, <a href="/wiki/1938_United_States_Senate_election_in_Arkansas" title="1938 United States Senate election in Arkansas">1938</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/J._William_Fulbright" title="J. William Fulbright">J. William Fulbright</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output 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4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Arkansas" title="List of United States senators from Arkansas">United States senators from Arkansas</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Class 2</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_S._Fulton" title="William S. Fulton">Fulton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chester_Ashley" title="Chester Ashley">Ashley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_K._Sebastian" title="William K. Sebastian">Sebastian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_McDonald_(American_politician)" title="Alexander McDonald (American politician)">McDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powell_Clayton" title="Powell Clayton">Clayton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustus_Hill_Garland" class="mw-redirect" title="Augustus Hill Garland">Garland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_H._Berry" title="James H. Berry">Berry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Davis_(Arkansas_governor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jeff Davis (Arkansas governor)">Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_N._Heiskell" title="John N. Heiskell">Heiskell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Marmaduke_Kavanaugh" title="William Marmaduke Kavanaugh">Kavanaugh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_T._Robinson" title="Joseph T. Robinson">Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_E._Miller" title="John E. Miller">Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Spencer" title="Lloyd Spencer">Spencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_L._McClellan" title="John L. McClellan">McClellan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaneaster_Hodges_Jr." title="Kaneaster Hodges Jr.">Hodges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Pryor" title="David Pryor">D. Pryor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Hutchinson" title="Tim Hutchinson">Hutchinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Pryor" title="Mark Pryor">M. Pryor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Cotton" title="Tom Cotton">Cotton</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seal of the United States Senate"><img alt="Seal of the United States Senate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/80px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/120px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/160px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Class 3</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ambrose_Hundley_Sevier" class="mw-redirect" title="Ambrose Hundley Sevier">Sevier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solon_Borland" title="Solon Borland">Borland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Ward_Johnson" title="Robert Ward Johnson">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_B._Mitchel" title="Charles B. Mitchel">Mitchel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_F._Rice" title="Benjamin F. Rice">Rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_W._Dorsey" title="Stephen W. Dorsey">Dorsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_D._Walker" title="James D. Walker">Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_K._Jones" title="James K. Jones">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_P._Clarke" title="James P. Clarke">Clarke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_F._Kirby" title="William F. Kirby">Kirby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thaddeus_H._Caraway" title="Thaddeus H. Caraway">T. Caraway</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">H. Caraway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._William_Fulbright" title="J. William Fulbright">Fulbright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dale_Bumpers" title="Dale Bumpers">Bumpers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blanche_Lincoln" title="Blanche Lincoln">Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Boozman" title="John Boozman">Boozman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Arkansas_Women&#039;s_Hall_of_Fame" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Arkansas_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame" title="Template:Arkansas Women's Hall of Fame"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Arkansas_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame" title="Template talk:Arkansas Women's Hall of Fame"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Arkansas_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Arkansas Women's Hall of Fame"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Arkansas_Women&#039;s_Hall_of_Fame" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Arkansas_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame" title="Arkansas Women's Hall of Fame">Arkansas Women's Hall of Fame</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2015</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Ann_Arnold&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mary Ann Arnold (page does not exist)">Mary Ann Arnold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daisy_Bates_(activist)" title="Daisy Bates (activist)">Daisy Bates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Bumpers" title="Betty Bumpers">Betty Bumpers</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hattie Caraway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hester_A._Davis" title="Hester A. Davis">Hester A. Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberta_Fulbright" title="Roberta Fulbright">Roberta Fulbright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_L._Good" title="Mary L. Good">Mary L. Good</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnelle_Hunt" title="Johnelle Hunt">Johnelle Hunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Irby_Jones" title="Edith Irby Jones">Edith Irby Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Walton" title="Alice Walton">Alice Walton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Emergency_Committee_to_Open_Our_Schools" title="Women's Emergency Committee to Open Our Schools">Women's Emergency Committee to Open Our Schools</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2016</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kay_Kelley_Arnold&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kay Kelley Arnold (page does not exist)">Kay Kelley Arnold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bettye_Caldwell" title="Bettye Caldwell">Bettye Caldwell</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cathy_Cunningham_(community_activist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cathy Cunningham (community activist) (page does not exist)">Cathy Cunningham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joycelyn_Elders" title="Joycelyn Elders">Joycelyn Elders</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Betty_Ann_Lowe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Betty Ann Lowe (page does not exist)">Betty Ann Lowe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religious_Sisters_of_Mercy_of_the_Americas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Religious Sisters of Mercy of the Americas (page does not exist)">Religious Sisters of Mercy of the Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lottie_Shackelford" title="Lottie Shackelford">Lottie Shackelford</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patti_Upton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Patti Upton (page does not exist)">Patti Upton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Walker_(philanthropist)" title="Pat Walker (philanthropist)">Pat Walker</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2017</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maya_Angelou" title="Maya Angelou">Maya Angelou</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bernice_Young_Jones&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bernice Young Jones (page does not exist)">Bernice Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=June_B._Freeman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="June B. Freeman (page does not exist)">June B. Freeman</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruth_Hawkins&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ruth Hawkins (page does not exist)">Ruth Hawkins</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brinda_J._Jackson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brinda J. Jackson (page does not exist)">Brinda J. Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pat_Lile&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pat Lile (page does not exist)">Pat Lile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elsijane_Trimble_Roy" title="Elsijane Trimble Roy">Elsijane Trimble Roy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joanna_Seibert&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joanna Seibert (page does not exist)">Joanna Seibert</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dorothy_Stuck&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dorothy Stuck (page does not exist)">Dorothy Stuck</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olivetan_Benedictine_Sisters&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Olivetan Benedictine Sisters (page does not exist)">Olivetan Benedictine Sisters</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2018</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carolyn_F._Blakely&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carolyn F. Blakely (page does not exist)">Carolyn F. Blakely</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karen_Flake&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karen Flake (page does not exist)">Karen Flake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sue_T._Griffin" title="Sue T. Griffin">Sue Griffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raye_Montague" title="Raye Montague">Raye Montague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bessie_Boehm_Moore" title="Bessie Boehm Moore">Bessie Grace Boehm Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florence_Price" title="Florence Price">Florence Beatrice Smith Price</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Steenburgen" title="Mary Steenburgen">Mary Steenburgen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annabelle_Clinton_Imber_Tuck" title="Annabelle Clinton Imber Tuck">Annabelle Clinton Imber Tuck</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Women%E2%80%99s_Foundation_of_Arkansas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Women’s Foundation of Arkansas (page does not exist)">Women’s Foundation of Arkansas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2019</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alice_Andrews_(conservationist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alice Andrews (conservationist) (page does not exist)">Alice Andrews</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alpha_Kappa_Alpha_Sorority%E2%80%99s_Beta_Pi_Omega_Chapter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority’s Beta Pi Omega Chapter (page does not exist)">Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority’s Beta Pi Omega Chapter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diane_Blair" title="Diane Blair">Diane Frances Divers Kincaid Blair </a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olivia_Farrell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Olivia Farrell (page does not exist)">Olivia Farrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo_Luck" title="Jo Luck">Jo Luck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Tillar_Schexnayder" title="Charlotte Tillar Schexnayder">Charlotte Tillar Schexnayder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Thaden" title="Louise Thaden">Louise McPhetridge Thaden</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carolyn_Witherspoon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carolyn Witherspoon (page does not exist)">Carolyn Witherspoon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Margaret_Louise_Sirman_Clark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Margaret Louise Sirman Clark (page does not exist)">Margaret Louise Sirman Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cynthia_L._Conger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cynthia L. Conger (page does not exist)">Cynthia L. Conger</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hispanic_Women%27s_Organization_of_Arkansas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hispanic Women's Organization of Arkansas (page does not exist)">Hispanic Women's Organization of Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brownie_Ledbetter" title="Brownie Ledbetter">Brownie Ledbetter</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dorothy_Morris_(philanthropist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dorothy Morris (philanthropist) (page does not exist)">Dorothy Morris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolyn_Pollan" title="Carolyn Pollan">Carolyn Pollan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amy_Rossi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amy Rossi (page does not exist)">Amy Rossi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sister_Rosetta_Tharpe" title="Sister Rosetta Tharpe">Sister Rosetta Tharpe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2022</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" 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Williams Warren</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Women%27s_Giving_Circle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Women's Giving Circle (page does not exist)">Women's Giving Circle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output 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style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118921185">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79027051">United States</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=C000138">US Congress</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 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