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<ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class="">Donate</a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Americans" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class="">Create account</a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Americans" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. 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class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Racial_and_ethnic_groups" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Racial_and_ethnic_groups"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 Racial and ethnic groups </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Racial_and_ethnic_groups-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Racial and ethnic groups subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Racial_and_ethnic_groups-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-White_and_European_Americans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#White_and_European_Americans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1 White and European Americans </div> </a> <ul id="toc-White_and_European_Americans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Middle_Eastern_and_North_African_Americans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Middle_Eastern_and_North_African_Americans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Middle Eastern and North African Americans </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Middle_Eastern_and_North_African_Americans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Black_and_African_Americans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Black_and_African_Americans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 Black and African Americans </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Black_and_African_Americans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Native_Americans_and_Alaska_Natives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Native_Americans_and_Alaska_Natives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 Native Americans and Alaska Natives </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Native_Americans_and_Alaska_Natives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asian_Americans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asian_Americans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5 Asian Americans </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asian_Americans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Native_Hawaiians_and_other_Pacific_Islanders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Native_Hawaiians_and_other_Pacific_Islanders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.6 Native Hawaiians and other Pacific Islanders </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Native_Hawaiians_and_other_Pacific_Islanders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Two_or_more_races" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Two_or_more_races"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.7 Two or more races </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Two_or_more_races-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Some_other_race" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Some_other_race"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.8 Some other race </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Some_other_race-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.8.1 Hispanic and Latino Americans </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National_personification" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_personification"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 National personification </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_personification-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Language </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Religion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Culture </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diaspora" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diaspora"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Diaspora </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diaspora-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Americans</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 69 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-69" aria-hidden="true" > 69 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86" title="أمريكيون – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أمريكيون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Американал – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Американал" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target">Авар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerikal%C4%B1lar" title="Amerikalılar – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Amerikalılar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="آمریکالی‌لار – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آمریکالی‌لار" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF" title="মার্কিন জাতি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মার্কিন জাতি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%AD-kok-l%C3%A2ng" title="Bí-kok-lâng – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Bí-kok-lâng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B" title="Амерыканцы – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Амерыканцы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B" title="Амэрыканцы – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Амэрыканцы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estatunidencs" title="Estatunidencs – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Estatunidencs" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ameri%C4%8Dan%C3%A9" title="Američané – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Američané" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americanwyr" title="Americanwyr – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Americanwyr" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerikanere" title="Amerikanere – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Amerikanere" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Amerikaner" title="US-Amerikaner – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="US-Amerikaner" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ameeriklased" title="Ameeriklased – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ameeriklased" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BC%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%AF" title="Αμερικανοί – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αμερικανοί" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estadounidense" title="Estadounidense – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Estadounidense" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estatubatuar" title="Estatubatuar – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Estatubatuar" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7" title="آمریکایی‌ها – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آمریکایی‌ها" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%A9ricains" title="Américains – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Américains" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meirice%C3%A1naigh" title="Meiriceánaigh – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Meiriceánaigh" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americaanee" title="Americaanee – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Americaanee" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%85%E0%AA%AE%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%8B" title="અમેરિકનો – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="અમેરિકનો" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD%EC%9D%B8" title="미국인 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="미국인" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amurkawa" title="Amurkawa – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Amurkawa" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B4%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Ամերիկացիներ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ամերիկացիներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="अमेरिकी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अमेरिकी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orang_Amerika_Serikat" title="Orang Amerika Serikat – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Orang Amerika Serikat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statunitensi" title="Statunitensi – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Statunitensi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9D" title="אמריקאים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אמריקאים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ამერიკელები – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ამერიკელები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D2%9A%D0%A8_%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="АҚШ америкалықтары – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="АҚШ америкалықтары" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pobel_an_Statys_Unys" title="Pobel an Statys Unys – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Pobel an Statys Unys" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amer%C3%AEk%C3%AE" title="Amerîkî – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Amerîkî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Америкалыктар – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Америкалыктар" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americani" title="Americani – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Americani" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerik%C4%81%C5%86i" title="Amerikāņi – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Amerikāņi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerikie%C4%8Diai" title="Amerikiečiai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Amerikiečiai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerikaiak" title="Amerikaiak – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Amerikaiak" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Американци – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Американци" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerikanina" title="Amerikanina – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Amerikanina" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="ამერიკალეფი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ამერიკალეფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86" title="امريكان – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="امريكان" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verenigde-statenaar" title="Verenigde-statenaar – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Verenigde-statenaar" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A1%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AB%E4%BA%BA" title="アメリカ人 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アメリカ人" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerikaner_(USA)" title="Amerikaner (USA) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Amerikaner (USA)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerikaliklar" title="Amerikaliklar – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Amerikaliklar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerykanie" title="Amerykanie – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Amerykanie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Povo_dos_Estados_Unidos" title="Povo dos Estados Unidos – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Povo dos Estados Unidos" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Америчане – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Америчане" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B_%D0%A1%D0%A8%D0%90" title="Американцы США – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Американцы США" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amilika" title="Amilika – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Amilika" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sakizaya</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americans" title="Americans – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Americans" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerikan%C3%ABt" title="Amerikanët – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Amerikanët" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americans" title="Americans – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Americans" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ameri%C4%8Dania_(USA)" title="Američania (USA) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Američania (USA)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%DB%8C%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ئەمریکییەکان – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئەمریکییەکان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Американци – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Американци" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerikanci_(nacija)" title="Amerikanci (nacija) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Amerikanci (nacija)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="அமெரிக்கர் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அமெரிக்கர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81" title="అమెరికన్లు – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="అమెరికన్లు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="ชาวอเมริกัน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ชาวอเมริกัน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerikal%C4%B1lar" title="Amerikalılar – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Amerikalılar" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%96_%D0%A1%D0%A8%D0%90" title="Американці США – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Американці США" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%89%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%89%D9%8A_%D8%A6%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%90%D8%B1%D9%89%D9%83%D9%89%D9%84%D9%89%D9%82" title="شىمالىي ئامېرىكىلىق – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="شىمالىي ئامېرىكىلىق" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di_M%E1%BB%B9" title="Người Mỹ – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Người Mỹ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA" title="美国人 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="美国人" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E4%BA%BA" title="美國人 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="美國人" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerikani" title="Amerikani – 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id="mw-content-subtitle"><div id="mw-fr-revision-messages"><div id="mw-fr-revision-details" class="mw-fr-revision-details-dialog" style="display:none;"><div tabindex="0"></div><div class="cdx-dialog cdx-dialog--horizontal-actions"><header class="cdx-dialog__header cdx-dialog__header--default"><div class="cdx-dialog__header__title-group"><h2 class="cdx-dialog__header__title">Page version status</h2>This is an accepted version of this page</div><button class="cdx-button cdx-button--action-default cdx-button--weight-quiet
							cdx-button--size-medium cdx-button--icon-only cdx-dialog__header__close-button" aria-label="Close" onclick="document.getElementById("mw-fr-revision-details").style.display = "none";" type="submit"></button></header><div class="cdx-dialog__body">This is the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pending_changes" title="Wikipedia:Pending changes">latest accepted revision</a>, <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=review&page=Special:Badtitle/Message">reviewed</a> on 22 November 2024.</div></div><div tabindex="0"></div></div></div></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Citizens and nationals of the United States</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the people of the United States of America. For a background on their demonym, see <a href="/wiki/American_(word)" title="American (word)">American (word)</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/American_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="American (disambiguation)">American (disambiguation)</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Americans_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="The Americans (disambiguation)">The Americans (disambiguation)</a>. For the legal term, see <a href="/wiki/United_States_person" title="United States person">United States person</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ethnic group</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Americans</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_United_States_(DoS_ECA_Color_Standard).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_United_States_%28DoS_ECA_Color_Standard%29.svg/220px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%28DoS_ECA_Color_Standard%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_United_States_%28DoS_ECA_Color_Standard%29.svg/330px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%28DoS_ECA_Color_Standard%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_United_States_%28DoS_ECA_Color_Standard%29.svg/440px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%28DoS_ECA_Color_Standard%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_States" title="Flag of the United States">Flag of the United States</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Total population</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 331.4 million<a href="#cite_note-2020CENSUS-1">[1]</a> (<a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020 U.S. census</a>) <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_the_American_Diaspora_in_the_World_(Updated).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Map_of_the_American_Diaspora_in_the_World_%28Updated%29.svg/260px-Map_of_the_American_Diaspora_in_the_World_%28Updated%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Map_of_the_American_Diaspora_in_the_World_%28Updated%29.svg/390px-Map_of_the_American_Diaspora_in_the_World_%28Updated%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Map_of_the_American_Diaspora_in_the_World_%28Updated%29.svg/520px-Map_of_the_American_Diaspora_in_the_World_%28Updated%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2192" data-file-height="1135" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Regions with significant populations</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Emigration_from_the_United_States" title="Emigration from the United States">American diaspora</a>: <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 2.996 million (by <a href="/wiki/Citizenship_of_the_United_States" title="Citizenship of the United States">U.S. citizenship</a>)<a href="#cite_note-UNmigrantstock-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-MPI-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;">Mexico</th><td class="infobox-data">799,000+<a href="#cite_note-UNmigrantstock-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-MPI-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;">Colombia</th><td class="infobox-data">790,000+<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;">Germany</th><td class="infobox-data">324,000+<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;">Philippines</th><td class="infobox-data">38,000–300,000<a href="#cite_note-UNmigrantstock-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-MPI-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;">Canada</th><td class="infobox-data">273,000+<a href="#cite_note-UNmigrantstock-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-MPI-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;">Brazil</th><td class="infobox-data">22,000-260,000<a href="#cite_note-UNmigrantstock-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;">United Kingdom</th><td class="infobox-data">171,000+<a href="#cite_note-UNmigrantstock-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-MPI-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;">Australia</th><td class="infobox-data">117,000+<a href="#cite_note-UNmigrantstock-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-MPI-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;">France</th><td class="infobox-data">100,000+<a href="#cite_note-auto-8">[8]</a> – 191,930 <a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;">Saudi Arabia</th><td class="infobox-data">70,000–80,000<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;">Israel</th><td class="infobox-data">77,000+<a href="#cite_note-UNmigrantstock-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-MPI-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;">South Korea</th><td class="infobox-data">68,000+<a href="#cite_note-UNmigrantstock-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-MPI-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;">Hong Kong  </th><td class="infobox-data">60,000<a href="#cite_note-ft.com-12">[12]</a>–85,000<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;">Japan</th><td class="infobox-data">58,000+<a href="#cite_note-UNmigrantstock-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-MPI-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;">Spain</th><td class="infobox-data">57,000+<a href="#cite_note-UNmigrantstock-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-MPI-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;">Italy</th><td class="infobox-data">54,000+<a href="#cite_note-UNmigrantstock-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-MPI-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;">Bangladesh</th><td class="infobox-data">45,000+<a href="#cite_note-UNmigrantstock-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-MPI-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;">Peru</th><td class="infobox-data">41,000+<a href="#cite_note-UNmigrantstock-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-MPI-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;">Switzerland</th><td class="infobox-data">39,000+<a href="#cite_note-UNmigrantstock-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-MPI-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;">Ireland</th><td class="infobox-data">35,000+<a href="#cite_note-UNmigrantstock-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-MPI-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;">Netherlands</th><td class="infobox-data">35,000+<a href="#cite_note-UNmigrantstock-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-MPI-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;">India</th><td class="infobox-data">33,000+<a href="#cite_note-UNmigrantstock-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-MPI-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Languages</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Majority: <a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">American English</a> Minority: <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language_in_the_United_States" title="Spanish language in the United States">Spanish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_languages_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous languages of the Americas">Indigenous languages</a> and <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_United_States" title="Languages of the United States">various others</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Religion</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Majority: <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_United_States" title="Christianity in the United States">Christianity</a> (<a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_the_United_States" title="Protestantism in the United States">Protestantism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_the_United_States" title="Catholic Church in the United States">Roman Catholicism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Membership_statistics_of_the_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints_(United_States)" title="Membership statistics of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (United States)">Mormonism</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_denominations" title="List of Christian denominations">other denominations</a>)<a href="#cite_note-PFRPL2008-14">[14]</a> Minority: <a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_the_United_States" title="Irreligion in the United States">Irreligion</a>, <a href="/wiki/American_Jews" title="American Jews">Judaism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_the_United_States" title="Buddhism in the United States">Buddhism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_the_United_States" title="Islam in the United States">Islam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_the_United_States" title="Hinduism in the United States">Hinduism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_the_United_States" title="Sikhism in the United States">Sikhism</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_United_States#Other_religions" title="Religion in the United States">various others</a><a href="#cite_note-PFRPL2008-14">[14]</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Americans are the <a href="/wiki/Citizenship_of_the_United_States" title="Citizenship of the United States">citizens</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_States_nationality_law" title="United States nationality law">nationals</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States of America</a>.<a href="#cite_note-nationals_and_citizens-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-American_Somoans-16">[16]</a> The United States is home to <a href="/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States" title="Race and ethnicity in the United States">people of many racial and ethnic origins</a>; consequently, <a href="/wiki/Law_of_the_United_States" title="Law of the United States">American law</a> does not equate <a href="/wiki/Nationality" title="Nationality">nationality</a> with <a href="/wiki/Race_(human_categorization)" title="Race (human categorization)">race</a> or <a href="/wiki/Ethnicity" title="Ethnicity">ethnicity</a> but with citizenship.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-Citizen-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> The majority of Americans or their ancestors <a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_the_United_States" title="Immigration to the United States">immigrated</a> to the United States or are descended from people who were <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_slave_trade" title="Atlantic slave trade">brought</a> as <a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_United_States" title="Slavery in the United States">slaves</a> within the past five centuries, with the exception of the <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native American</a> population and people from <a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a>, <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>, and formerly the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>,<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> who became American through expansion of the country in the 19th century;<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> additionally, <a href="/wiki/American_Samoa" title="American Samoa">American Samoa</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="United States Virgin Islands">United States Virgin Islands</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a> came under American sovereignty in the 20th century, although American Samoans are only nationals and not citizens of the United States.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-American_Somoans-16">[16]</a> Despite its multi-ethnic composition,<a href="#cite_note-DD-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-Society_in_Focus-25">[25]</a> the culture of the United States held in common by most Americans can also be referred to as mainstream <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_United_States" title="Culture of the United States">American culture</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Western_culture" title="Western culture">Western culture</a> largely derived from the traditions of <a href="/wiki/Northern_Europe" title="Northern Europe">Northern</a> and <a href="/wiki/Western_Europe" title="Western Europe">Western European</a> colonists, settlers, and immigrants.<a href="#cite_note-DD-24">[24]</a> It also includes significant influences of <a href="/wiki/African-American_culture" title="African-American culture">African-American culture</a>.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> Westward expansion integrated the <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Creole_people" title="Louisiana Creole people">Creoles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cajuns" title="Cajuns">Cajuns</a> of Louisiana and the Hispanos of the Southwest and brought close contact with the <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Mexico" title="Culture of Mexico">culture of Mexico</a>. Large-scale immigration in the late 19th and early 20th centuries from <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">Eastern</a> and <a href="/wiki/Southern_Europe" title="Southern Europe">Southern Europe</a> introduced a variety of elements. Immigration from <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a>, <a href="/wiki/History_of_Asian_American_immigration" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Asian American immigration">Asia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Latin_America" title="Latin America">Latin America</a> has also had impact. A cultural <a href="/wiki/Melting_pot" title="Melting pot">melting pot</a>, or pluralistic <a href="/wiki/Salad_bowl_(cultural_idea)" title="Salad bowl (cultural idea)">salad bowl</a>, describes the way in which generations of Americans have celebrated and exchanged distinctive cultural characteristics.<a href="#cite_note-DD-24">[24]</a> The United States currently has 37 <a href="/wiki/American_ancestries" class="mw-redirect" title="American ancestries">ancestry groups</a> with more than one million individuals.<a href="#cite_note-An2000-27">[27]</a> <a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_whites" title="Non-Hispanic whites">White Americans</a> with ancestry from Europe, the Middle East, or North Africa form the largest <a href="/wiki/Race_(human_classification)" class="mw-redirect" title="Race (human classification)">racial</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic group">ethnic group</a> at 57.8% of the United States population.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> <a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic and Latino Americans</a> form the second-largest group and are 18.7% of the United States population. <a href="/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans">African Americans</a> constitute the country's third-largest ancestry group and are 12.1% of the total U.S. population.<a href="#cite_note-An2000-27">[27]</a> <a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans" title="Asian Americans">Asian Americans</a> are the country's fourth-largest group, composing 5.9% of the United States population. The country's 3.7 million <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native Americans</a> account for about 1%,<a href="#cite_note-An2000-27">[27]</a> and some 574 native tribes are recognized by the federal government.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> In addition to the United States, Americans and people of American descent can be found internationally. As many as seven million Americans are estimated to be living abroad, and make up the <a href="/wiki/American_diaspora" class="mw-redirect" title="American diaspora">American diaspora</a>.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Racial_and_ethnic_groups">Racial and ethnic groups</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Americans&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Racial and ethnic groups">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States" title="Race and ethnicity in the United States">Race and ethnicity in the United States</a></div> <div class="notheme barbox tright" style="overflow-x: auto;"> <div style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:auto; background: white; color: black;"> <table style="text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#ddd"><th style="text-align:center;" colspan="5">2020 U.S. census<a href="#cite_note-2020CensusBreakdown-34">[34]</a></th></tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; text-align:left;">Self-identified race and ethnicity</td> <td style="width:100px; text-align:left;"></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;">Percent of population</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/White_Americans" title="White Americans">Non-Latino White Americans</a> (mainly European Americans, but also includes Middle Eastern Americans and North African Americans)</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Blue; width:57.8%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">57.8%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Latino Americans</a> (mainly Hispanic Americans, but also includes Brazilian Americans)</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Blue; width:18.7%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">18.7%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans">Black or African Americans</a> (Sub-Saharan African Americans)</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Blue; width:12.1%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">12.1%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans" title="Asian Americans">Asian or Asian Americans</a> (East Asian Americans, Southeast Asian Americans, and South Asian Americans)</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Blue; width:5.9%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">5.9%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Indigenous Americans (including Alaska Natives)</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Blue; width:0.7%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.7%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islander_Americans" title="Pacific Islander Americans">Native Hawaiians and Other Pacific Islanders</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Blue; width:0.2%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.2%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Multiracial_Americans" title="Multiracial Americans">Two or more races</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Blue; width:4.1%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">4.1%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_census" title="Race and ethnicity in the United States census">Some other race</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Blue; width:0.5%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.5%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Total</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Navy; width:'''100.0'''%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">100.0%</td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div> The United States is a <a href="/wiki/Multiculturalism" title="Multiculturalism">diverse</a> country, <a href="/wiki/Race_(human_categorization)" title="Race (human categorization)">racially</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ethnicity" title="Ethnicity">ethnically</a>.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> <a href="/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="Race and ethnicity in the United States Census">Six races</a> are officially recognized by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a> for statistical purposes: Alaska Native and American Indian, Asian, Black or African American, Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander, White, and people of two or more races. "Some other race" is also an option in the census and other surveys.<a href="#cite_note-Standards-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-Overview-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-PEPT3race08-38">[38]</a> The United States Census Bureau also classifies Americans as "Hispanic or Latino" and "Not Hispanic or Latino", which identifies <a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic and Latino Americans</a> as a racially diverse <a href="/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="Race and ethnicity in the United States Census">ethnicity</a> that comprises the largest minority group in the nation.<a href="#cite_note-Standards-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-Overview-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-PEPT3race08-38">[38]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="White_and_European_Americans">White and European Americans</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Americans&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: White and European Americans">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/European_Americans" title="European Americans">European Americans</a> and <a href="/wiki/White_Americans" title="White Americans">White Americans</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Largest_white_alone_or_in_any_combination_group_by_county_in_the_United_States._US_Census_2020.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Largest_white_alone_or_in_any_combination_group_by_county_in_the_United_States._US_Census_2020.jpg/275px-Largest_white_alone_or_in_any_combination_group_by_county_in_the_United_States._US_Census_2020.jpg" decoding="async" width="275" height="229" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Largest_white_alone_or_in_any_combination_group_by_county_in_the_United_States._US_Census_2020.jpg/413px-Largest_white_alone_or_in_any_combination_group_by_county_in_the_United_States._US_Census_2020.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Largest_white_alone_or_in_any_combination_group_by_county_in_the_United_States._US_Census_2020.jpg/550px-Largest_white_alone_or_in_any_combination_group_by_county_in_the_United_States._US_Census_2020.jpg 2x" data-file-width="977" data-file-height="815" /></a><figcaption>European ancestry in the United States by county (self-reported) in 2020</figcaption></figure> People of <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">European</a> descent, or White Americans (also referred to as <a href="/wiki/European_Americans" title="European Americans">European Americans</a> and Caucasian Americans), constitute the majority of the 331 million people living in the United States, with 191,697,647 people or 57.8% of the population in the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020 United States census</a>.<a href="#cite_note-40">[a]</a><a href="#cite_note-c2010-41">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-TWP2010-42">[41]</a> They are considered people who trace their ancestry to the original peoples of Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa.<a href="#cite_note-c2010-41">[40]</a> <a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_Whites" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Hispanic Whites">Non-Hispanic Whites</a> are the majority in 45 states. There are five <a href="/wiki/Minority-majority_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Minority-majority state">minority-majority states</a>: <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>, <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada">Nevada</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a>.<a href="#cite_note-43">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-44">[43]</a> In addition, the <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">District of Columbia</a> and the five inhabited <a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">U.S. territories</a> have a non-white majority.<a href="#cite_note-c2010-41">[40]</a> The state with the highest percentage of non-Hispanic White Americans is <a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">Maine</a>, while the state with the lowest percentage is <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a>.<a href="#cite_note-45">[44]</a> Europe is the largest continent that Americans trace their ancestry to, and many claim descent from various <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Europe" title="Ethnic groups in Europe">European ethnic groups</a>.<a href="#cite_note-46">[45]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Spaniards" title="Spaniards">Spaniards</a> were the first Europeans to establish a continuous presence in what is now the continental United States in 1565.<a href="#cite_note-loc-47">[46]</a> <a href="/wiki/Mart%C3%ADn_de_Arg%C3%BCelles" title="Martín de Argüelles">Martín de Argüelles</a>, born in 1566 in <a href="/wiki/St._Augustine,_Florida" title="St. Augustine, Florida">San Agustín, La Florida</a> then a part of <a href="/wiki/New_Spain" title="New Spain">New Spain</a>, was the first person of European descent born in what is now the continental United States.<a href="#cite_note-48">[47]</a> <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Dare" title="Virginia Dare">Virginia Dare</a>, born in 1587 in <a href="/wiki/Roanoke_Island" title="Roanoke Island">Roanoke Island</a> in present-day <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a>, was the first child born in the original <a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Colonies" title="Thirteen Colonies">Thirteen Colonies</a> to English parents. The Spaniards also established a continuous presence in what over three centuries later would become a possession of the United States with the founding of the city of <a href="/wiki/San_Juan,_Puerto_Rico" title="San Juan, Puerto Rico">San Juan, Puerto Rico</a>, in 1521. In the 2020 United States census, <a href="/wiki/English_Americans" title="English Americans">English Americans</a> 46.5 million (19.8%), <a href="/wiki/German_Americans" title="German Americans">German Americans</a> 45m (19.1%), <a href="/wiki/Irish_Americans" title="Irish Americans">Irish Americans</a> 38.6m (16.4%), and <a href="/wiki/Italian_Americans" title="Italian Americans">Italian Americans</a> 16.8m (7.1%) were the four largest self-reported European ancestry groups in the United States constituting 62.4% of the population.<a href="#cite_note-auto2-49">[48]</a> However, the English Americans and <a href="/wiki/British_Americans" title="British Americans">British Americans</a> demography is considered a serious under-count as they tend to self-report and identify as simply "<a href="/wiki/American_ancestry" title="American ancestry">Americans</a>" (since the introduction of a new "American" category in the <a href="/wiki/1990_United_States_census" title="1990 United States census">1990</a> census) due to the length of time they have inhabited America. This is highly over-represented in the <a href="/wiki/Upland_South" title="Upland South">Upland South</a>, a region that was settled historically by the British.<a href="#cite_note-50">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-51">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-52">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-53">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-54">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-55">[54]</a> Overall, as the largest group, European Americans have the lowest <a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_the_United_States" title="Poverty in the United States">poverty rate</a><a href="#cite_note-Poverty_rate-56">[55]</a> and the second highest <a href="/wiki/Educational_attainment_in_the_United_States#Ethnicity_and_race" title="Educational attainment in the United States">educational attainment</a> levels, median <a href="/wiki/Household_income_in_the_United_States" title="Household income in the United States">household income</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Median_household_income_newsbrief,_US_Census_Bureau_2005-57">[56]</a> and median <a href="/wiki/Personal_income_in_the_United_States" title="Personal income in the United States">personal income</a><a href="#cite_note-US_Census_Bureau,_Personal_income_for_Asian_Americans,_age_25+,_2006-58">[57]</a> of any racial demographic in the nation, second only to <a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans" title="Asian Americans">Asian Americans</a> in the latter three categories. <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; margin-right:10px;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="6">White and European Americans by ethnic origins </th></tr> <tr> <th>Rank </th> <th>Ethnic origins </th> <th>% of total population </th> <th>Population </th> <th><abbr title="Reference(s)">Ref(s)</abbr> </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="background:#f0f0f0; text-align: center;">1</td> <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 10px;"><a href="/wiki/English_Americans" title="English Americans">English</a></td> <td>19.8</td> <td>46,550,968</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-auto2-49">[48]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#f0f0f0; text-align: center;">2</td> <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 10px;"><a href="/wiki/German_Americans" title="German Americans">German</a></td> <td>19.1</td> <td>44,978,546</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-auto2-49">[48]</a> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="background:#f0f0f0; text-align: center;">3</td> <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 10px;"><a href="/wiki/Irish_Americans" title="Irish Americans">Irish</a></td> <td>16.4</td> <td>38,597,428</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-auto2-49">[48]</a> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="background:#f0f0f0; text-align: center;">4</td> <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 10px;"><a href="/wiki/Italian_Americans" title="Italian Americans">Italian</a></td> <td>7.1</td> <td>16,813,235</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-auto2-49">[48]</a> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="background:#f0f0f0; text-align: center;">5</td> <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 10px;"><a href="/wiki/Polish_Americans" title="Polish Americans">Polish</a></td> <td>3.7</td> <td>8,599,601</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-auto2-49">[48]</a> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="background:#f0f0f0; text-align: center;">6</td> <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 10px;"><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Americans" title="Scottish Americans">Scottish</a> <a href="/wiki/Scotch-Irish_Americans" title="Scotch-Irish Americans">Scots-Irish</a></td> <td>3.6 0.3</td> <td>8,422,613 794,478</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-auto2-49">[48]</a> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="background:#f0f0f0; text-align: center;">7</td> <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 10px;"><a href="/wiki/French_Americans" title="French Americans">French</a> <a href="/wiki/French_Canadian_American" class="mw-redirect" title="French Canadian American">French Canadian</a></td> <td>3.4 0.4</td> <td>7,994,088 933,740</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-auto2-49">[48]</a> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="background:#f0f0f0; text-align: center;">8</td> <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 10px;"><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Americans" title="Swedish Americans">Swedish</a></td> <td>1.6</td> <td>3,839,796</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-auto2-49">[48]</a> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="background:#f0f0f0; text-align: center;">9</td> <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 10px;"><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Americans" title="Norwegian Americans">Norwegian</a></td> <td>1.6</td> <td>3,836,884</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-auto2-49">[48]</a> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="background:#f0f0f0; text-align: center;">10</td> <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 10px;"><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Americans" title="Dutch Americans">Dutch</a></td> <td>1.6</td> <td>3,649,179</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-auto2-49">[48]</a> </td></tr> <tr class="sortbottom" style="background:verylightgrey;"> <td style="background:#f0f0f0; text-align: center;">Total</td> <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 10px;"><a href="/wiki/White_Americans" title="White Americans">White and European American</a></td> <td>TBA</td> <td>204,277,273</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-2020CensusBreakdown-34">[34]</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Middle_Eastern_and_North_African_Americans">Middle Eastern and North African Americans</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Americans&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Middle Eastern and North African Americans">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Middle_Eastern_Americans" title="Middle Eastern Americans">Middle Eastern Americans</a> and <a href="/wiki/North_Africans_in_the_United_States" title="North Africans in the United States">North Africans in the United States</a></div> According to the <a href="/wiki/The_Jacob_Rader_Marcus_Center_of_the_American_Jewish_Archives" title="The Jacob Rader Marcus Center of the American Jewish Archives">American Jewish Archives</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Arab_American_National_Museum" title="Arab American National Museum">Arab American National Museum</a>, the first <a href="/wiki/Middle_Eastern_Americans" title="Middle Eastern Americans">Middle Easterners</a> and <a href="/wiki/North_Africans_in_the_United_States" title="North Africans in the United States">North Africans</a> (viz. <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a> and <a href="/wiki/Berbers" title="Berbers">Berbers</a>) to arrive in the Americas landed in the late 15th to mid-16th centuries.<a href="#cite_note-59">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-arabamericanmuseum.org-60">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-61">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-62">[61]</a> Many fled ethnic or <a href="/wiki/Ethnoreligious_group" title="Ethnoreligious group">ethnoreligious</a> persecution during the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Inquisition" title="Spanish Inquisition">Spanish Inquisition</a>;<a href="#cite_note-63">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-64">[63]</a> a few were taken to the Americas as slaves.<a href="#cite_note-arabamericanmuseum.org-60">[59]</a> In 2014, the United States Census Bureau began finalizing the ethnic classification of people of Middle Eastern and North African ("MENA") origins.<a href="#cite_note-usatoday.com-65">[64]</a> According to the <a href="/wiki/Arab_American_Institute" title="Arab American Institute">Arab American Institute</a> (AAI), <a href="/wiki/Arab_Americans" title="Arab Americans">Arab Americans</a> have family origins in each of the 22 <a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_Arab_League" title="Member states of the Arab League">member states of the Arab League</a>.<a href="#cite_note-66">[65]</a> Following consultations with MENA organizations, the Census Bureau announced in 2014 that it would establish a new MENA ethnic category for populations from the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Africa" title="North Africa">North Africa</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Arab_world" title="Arab world">Arab world</a>, separate from the "white" classification that these populations had previously sought in 1909. The groups felt that the earlier "white" designation no longer accurately represents MENA identity, so they successfully lobbied for a distinct categorization.<a href="#cite_note-67">[66]</a> This new category would also include <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Americans" title="Israeli Americans">Israeli Americans</a>.<a href="#cite_note-68">[67]</a> The Census Bureau does not currently ask about whether one is <a href="/wiki/Sikhs" title="Sikhs">Sikh</a>, because it views them as followers of a religion rather than members of an ethnic group, and it does not combine questions concerning religion with race or ethnicity.<a href="#cite_note-MENA1-69">[68]</a> As of December 2015, the sampling strata for the new MENA category includes the Census Bureau's working classification of 19 MENA groups, as well as <a href="/wiki/Iranian_Americans" title="Iranian Americans">Iranian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Americans" title="Turkish Americans">Turkish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Americans" title="Armenian Americans">Armenian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Afghan_Americans" title="Afghan Americans">Afghan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_Americans" title="Azerbaijani Americans">Azerbaijani</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Georgian_Americans" title="Georgian Americans">Georgian</a> groups.<a href="#cite_note-MENA2-70">[69]</a> In January 2018, it was announced that the Census Bureau would not include the grouping in the 2020 census.<a href="#cite_note-71">[70]</a> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption>Middle Eastern Americans in the <a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_census" title="2000 United States census">2000</a><a href="#cite_note-ancestry2000-72">[71]</a> – <a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_census" title="2010 United States census">2010 U.S. census</a>,<a href="#cite_note-ancestry2010-73">[72]</a> the Mandell L. Berman Institute, and the <a href="/wiki/North_American_Jewish_Data_Bank" class="mw-redirect" title="North American Jewish Data Bank">North American Jewish Data Bank</a><a href="#cite_note-brandeis.edu-74">[73]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Ancestry</th> <th>2000</th> <th>2000 (% of US population)</th> <th>2010</th> <th>2010 (% of US population) </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Arab_Americans" title="Arab Americans">Arab</a> </td> <td>1,160,729 </td> <td>0.4125% </td> <td> 1,697,570 </td> <td>0.5498% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Americans" title="Armenian Americans">Armenian</a> </td> <td>385,488 </td> <td>0.1370% </td> <td>474,559 </td> <td>0.1537% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Americans" title="Iranian Americans">Iranian</a> </td> <td>338,266 </td> <td>0.1202% </td> <td> 463,552 </td> <td>0.1501% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/American_Jews" title="American Jews">Jewish</a> </td> <td>6,155,000 </td> <td>2.1810% </td> <td>6,543,820 </td> <td>2.1157% </td></tr> <tr class="sortbottom"> <td>Total </td> <td> 8,568,772 </td> <td>3.036418% </td> <td> 9,981,332 </td> <td>3.227071% </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Black_and_African_Americans">Black and African Americans</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Americans&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Black and African Americans">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans">African Americans</a></div> Black and African Americans are citizens and residents of the United States with origins in <a href="/wiki/Sub-Saharan_Africa" title="Sub-Saharan Africa">sub-Saharan Africa</a>.<a href="#cite_note-IOM-75">[74]</a> According to the <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Management_and_Budget" title="Office of Management and Budget">Office of Management and Budget</a>, the grouping includes individuals who self-identify as African American, as well as persons who emigrated from nations in the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a> and sub-Saharan Africa.<a href="#cite_note-2010USCBAA-76">[75]</a> The grouping is thus based on geography, and may contradict or misrepresent an individual's self-identification since not all immigrants from sub-Saharan Africa are "Black". Among these racial outliers are persons from <a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde" title="Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a>, various Arab states, and <a href="/wiki/Afroasiatic_languages" title="Afroasiatic languages">Hamito-Semitic</a> populations in <a href="/wiki/East_Africa" title="East Africa">East Africa</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Sahel" title="Sahel">Sahel</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Afrikaners" title="Afrikaners">Afrikaners</a> of <a href="/wiki/Southern_Africa" title="Southern Africa">Southern Africa</a>.<a href="#cite_note-IOM-75">[74]</a> <a href="/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans">African Americans</a> (also referred to as Black Americans or Afro-Americans, and formerly as American <a href="/wiki/Negro" title="Negro">Negroes</a>) are citizens or residents of the United States who have origins in any of the <a href="/wiki/Black_people" title="Black people">black</a> populations of Africa.<a href="#cite_note-censusblack-77">[76]</a> According to the 2020 United States census, there were 39,940,338 Black and African Americans in the United States, representing 12.1% of the population.<a href="#cite_note-factfinder.census.gov-78">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-79">[b]</a><a href="#cite_note-NRC201029SEP11-80">[78]</a> Black and African Americans make up the third largest group in the United States, after White and European Americans, and Hispanic and Latino Americans.<a href="#cite_note-tthqvu-81">[79]</a> The majority of the population (55%) lives in the <a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">South</a>; compared to the 2000 United States census, there has also been a decrease of African Americans in the <a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States" title="Northeastern United States">Northeast</a> and <a href="/wiki/Midwest_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Midwest United States">Midwest</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NRC201029SEP11-80">[78]</a> Most African Americans are the direct descendants of captives from <a href="/wiki/Central_Africa" title="Central Africa">Central</a> and <a href="/wiki/West_Africa" title="West Africa">West Africa</a>, from ancestral populations in countries like <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Bryc_2015-82">[80]</a> who survived the <a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_United_States" title="Slavery in the United States">slavery era</a> within the boundaries of the present United States.<a href="#cite_note-83">[81]</a> As an adjective, the term is usually spelled <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/African-American" class="extiw" title="wikt:African-American">African-American</a>.<a href="#cite_note-84">[82]</a> Montinaro et al. (2014) observed that around 50% of the overall ancestry of African Americans traces back to the <a href="/wiki/Niger%E2%80%93Congo_languages" title="Niger–Congo languages">Niger-Congo</a>-speaking <a href="/wiki/Yoruba_people" title="Yoruba people">Yoruba</a> of southwestern <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a> and southern <a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a> (before the European colonization of Africa this people created the <a href="/wiki/Oyo_Empire" title="Oyo Empire">Oyo Empire</a>), reflecting the centrality of this West African region in the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_slave_trade" title="Atlantic slave trade">Atlantic slave trade</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Montinaro2014-85">[83]</a> Zakharaia et al. (2009) found a similar proportion of Yoruba associated ancestry in their African American samples, with a minority also drawn from <a href="/wiki/Mandinka_people" title="Mandinka people">Mandinka</a> populations (founders of the <a href="/wiki/Mali_Empire" title="Mali Empire">Mali Empire</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Bantu_peoples" title="Bantu peoples">Bantu</a> populations (who had a varying level of social organization during the colonial era, while some Bantu peoples were still tribal, other Bantu peoples had founded kingdoms such as the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kongo" title="Kingdom of Kongo">Kingdom of Kongo</a>).<a href="#cite_note-Zakharia2009-86">[84]</a> The first West African <a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_United_States" title="Slavery in the United States">slaves</a> were brought to <a href="/wiki/Jamestown,_Virginia" title="Jamestown, Virginia">Jamestown, Virginia</a> in 1619. The English settlers treated these captives as <a href="/wiki/Indentured_servitude" title="Indentured servitude">indentured servants</a> and released them after a number of years. This practice was gradually replaced by the system of race-based slavery used in the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a>.<a href="#cite_note-87">[85]</a> All the American colonies had slavery, but it was usually the form of personal servants in the North (where 2% of the people were slaves), and field hands in plantations in the South (where 25% were slaves);<a href="#cite_note-88">[86]</a> by the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a> 1/5th of the total population was enslaved.<a href="#cite_note-89">[87]</a> During the revolution, some would serve in the <a href="/wiki/Continental_Army" title="Continental Army">Continental Army</a> or <a href="/wiki/Continental_Navy" title="Continental Navy">Continental Navy</a>,<a href="#cite_note-90">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-91">[89]</a> while <a href="/wiki/Black_Loyalist" title="Black Loyalist">others</a> would serve the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Regiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethiopian Regiment">Ethiopian Regiment</a>, and other units.<a href="#cite_note-92">[90]</a> By 1804, the <a href="/wiki/Northern_United_States" title="Northern United States">northern</a> states (north of the <a href="/wiki/Mason%E2%80%93Dixon_line" title="Mason–Dixon line">Mason–Dixon line</a>) had <a href="/wiki/Abolitionism_in_the_United_States" title="Abolitionism in the United States">abolished</a> slavery.<a href="#cite_note-93">[91]</a> However, slavery would persist in the <a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">southern states</a> until the end of the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a> and the passage of the <a href="/wiki/Thirteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">Thirteenth Amendment</a>.<a href="#cite_note-94">[92]</a> Following the end of the <a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_era" title="Reconstruction era">Reconstruction era</a>, which saw the first <a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_officeholders_during_the_Reconstruction" class="mw-redirect" title="List of African-American officeholders during the Reconstruction">African American representation</a> in <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">Congress</a>,<a href="#cite_note-95">[93]</a> African Americans became <a href="/wiki/Suffrage" title="Suffrage">disenfranchised</a> and subject to <a href="/wiki/Jim_Crow_laws" title="Jim Crow laws">Jim Crow laws</a>,<a href="#cite_note-96">[94]</a> legislation that would persist until the passage of the <a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1964" title="Civil Rights Act of 1964">Civil Rights Act of 1964</a> and <a href="/wiki/Voting_Rights_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Voting Rights Act">Voting Rights Act</a> due to the <a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement" title="Civil rights movement">civil rights movement</a>.<a href="#cite_note-97">[95]</a> According to United States Census Bureau data, very few <a href="/wiki/African_immigration_to_the_United_States" title="African immigration to the United States">African immigrants</a> self-identify as African American. On average, less than 5% of African residents self-reported as "African American" or "Afro-American" on the 2000 U.S. census. The overwhelming majority of African immigrants (~95%) identified instead with their own respective ethnicities. Self-designation as "African American" or "Afro-American" was highest among individuals from West Africa (4%–9%), and lowest among individuals from Cape Verde, East Africa and Southern Africa (0%–4%).<a href="#cite_note-98">[96]</a> African immigrants may also experience conflict with African Americans.<a href="#cite_note-99">[97]</a> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; margin-right:10px; font-size:100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="5" style="padding:0.3em 0; line-height:1.2em; background:#f5f5f5;">Black and African American population by ancestry group<a href="#cite_note-200911ACS-100">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-2010USCBAA-76">[75]</a> </th></tr> <tr style="background:#f5f5f5;" valign="top"> <th>Rank </th> <th>Ancestry group </th> <th>Percentage of total est. population </th> <th>Pop. estimates </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="background:#f0f0f0; text-align: center;">1</td> <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 10px;"><a href="/wiki/Jamaican_Americans" title="Jamaican Americans">Jamaican</a></td> <td>0.31%</td> <td>986,897 </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="background:#f0f0f0; text-align: center;">2</td> <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 10px;"><a href="/wiki/Haitian_Americans" title="Haitian Americans">Haitian</a></td> <td>0.28%</td> <td>873,003 </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="background:#f0f0f0; text-align: center;">3</td> <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 10px;"><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_Americans" title="Nigerian Americans">Nigerian</a></td> <td>0.08%</td> <td>259,934 </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="background:#f0f0f0; text-align: center;">4</td> <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 10px;"><a href="/wiki/Trinidadian_and_Tobagonian_Americans" title="Trinidadian and Tobagonian Americans">Trinidadian and Tobagonian</a></td> <td>0.06%</td> <td>193,233 </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="background:#f0f0f0; text-align: center;">5</td> <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 10px;"><a href="/wiki/Ghanaian_Americans" title="Ghanaian Americans">Ghanaian</a></td> <td>0.03%</td> <td>94,405 </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="background:#f0f0f0; text-align: center;">6</td> <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 10px;"><a href="/wiki/Barbadian_Americans" title="Barbadian Americans">Barbadian</a></td> <td>0.01%</td> <td>59,236 </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="background:#f0f0f0; text-align: center;"></td> <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 10px;"><a href="/wiki/Sub-Saharan_Africa" title="Sub-Saharan Africa">Sub-Saharan African (total)</a></td> <td>0.92%</td> <td>2,864,067 </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="background:#f0f0f0; text-align: center;"></td> <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 10px;"><a href="/wiki/West_Indian_Americans" title="West Indian Americans">West Indian (total)</a> (except Hispanic groups)</td> <td>0.85%</td> <td>2,633,149 </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="background:#f0f0f0; text-align: center;"></td> <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 10px;"><a href="/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans">Black and African American (total)</a></td> <td>12.1%</td> <td>39,940,338 </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td colspan="4" style="background:#f5f5f5; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020 United States census</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Native_Americans_and_Alaska_Natives">Native Americans and Alaska Natives</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Americans&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Native Americans and Alaska Natives">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native Americans in the United States</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Natives" title="Alaska Natives">Alaska Natives</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Blood_quantum_laws" title="Blood quantum laws">Blood quantum laws</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Indian_Affairs" title="Bureau of Indian Affairs">Bureau of Indian Affairs</a></div> According to the 2020 United States census, there are 2,251,699 people who are Native Americans or <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Natives" title="Alaska Natives">Alaska Natives</a> alone; they make up 0.7% of the total population.<a href="#cite_note-101">[c]</a><a href="#cite_note-2010CensusAIAN-102">[99]</a> According to the <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Management_and_Budget" title="Office of Management and Budget">Office of Management and Budget</a> (OMB), an "American Indian or Alaska Native" is a person whose ancestry have origins in any of the <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">original peoples</a> of North, Central, or South America.<a href="#cite_note-2010CensusAIAN-102">[99]</a> 2.3 million individuals who are American Indian or Alaskan Native are multiracial;<a href="#cite_note-2010CensusAIAN-102">[99]</a> additionally the plurality of American Indians reside in the <a href="/wiki/Western_United_States" title="Western United States">Western United States</a> (40.7%).<a href="#cite_note-2010CensusAIAN-102">[99]</a> Collectively and historically this race has been known by <a href="/wiki/Native_American_name_controversy#United_States" title="Native American name controversy">several names</a>;<a href="#cite_note-103">[100]</a> as of 1995, 50% of those who fall within the OMB definition prefer the term "American Indian", 37% prefer "Native American" and the remainder have no preference or prefer a different term altogether.<a href="#cite_note-104">[101]</a> Among Americans today, levels of Native American ancestry (distinct from <a href="/wiki/Native_American_identity_in_the_United_States" title="Native American identity in the United States">Native American identity</a>) differ. Based on a sample of users of the <a href="/wiki/23andMe" title="23andMe">23andMe</a> commercial genetic test, genomes of self-reported African Americans averaged to 0.8% Native American ancestry, those of European Americans averaged to 0.18%, and those of Latinos averaged to 18.0%.<a href="#cite_note-105">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-106">[103]</a> Native Americans, whose ancestry is indigenous to the <a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">Americas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_migration_and_settlement_of_the_Americas_from_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Prehistoric migration and settlement of the Americas from Asia">originally migrated</a> to the two continents between 10,000 and 45,000 years ago.<a href="#cite_note-107">[104]</a> These <a href="/wiki/Paleoamericans" class="mw-redirect" title="Paleoamericans">Paleoamericans</a> spread throughout the two continents and evolved into hundreds of distinct cultures during the <a href="/wiki/Pre-Columbian_era" title="Pre-Columbian era">pre-Columbian era</a>.<a href="#cite_note-108">[105]</a> Following the <a href="/wiki/Voyages_of_Christopher_Columbus" title="Voyages of Christopher Columbus">first voyage</a> of <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Columbus" title="Christopher Columbus">Christopher Columbus</a>,<a href="#cite_note-109">[106]</a> the <a href="/wiki/European_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="European colonization of the Americas">European colonization of the Americas</a> began, with <a href="/wiki/St._Augustine,_Florida" title="St. Augustine, Florida">St. Augustine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a> becoming the first permanent European settlement in the <a href="/wiki/Continental_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Continental United States">continental United States</a>.<a href="#cite_note-110">[107]</a> From the 16th through the 19th centuries, the <a href="/wiki/Population_history_of_indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" class="mw-redirect" title="Population history of indigenous peoples of the Americas">population of Native Americans declined</a> in the following ways: <a href="/wiki/Epidemic" title="Epidemic">epidemic</a> diseases brought from Europe;<a href="#cite_note-111">[108]</a> <a href="/wiki/Genocide" title="Genocide">genocide</a> and <a href="/wiki/American_Indian_Wars" title="American Indian Wars">warfare</a> at the hands of European explorers, settlers and colonists,<a href="#cite_note-112">[109]</a><a href="#cite_note-113">[110]</a> as well as between tribes;<a href="#cite_note-114">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-115">[112]</a> displacement from their lands;<a href="#cite_note-116">[113]</a> internal warfare,<a href="#cite_note-117">[114]</a> <a href="/wiki/Slavery_among_Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Slavery among Native Americans in the United States">enslavement</a>;<a href="#cite_note-118">[115]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Interracial_marriage" title="Interracial marriage">intermarriage</a>.<a href="#cite_note-119">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-120">[117]</a> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; margin-right:10px; font-size:100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="5" style="padding:0.3em 0; line-height:1.2em; background:#f5f5f5;">Native American and Alaska Native population by selected <a href="/wiki/Tribe_(Native_American)" title="Tribe (Native American)">tribal groups</a><a href="#cite_note-2010CensusAIAN-102">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-121">[118]</a> </th></tr> <tr style="background:#f5f5f5;" valign="top"> <th>Rank </th> <th>National origin </th> <th>Percentage of total population </th> <th>Pop. </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="background:#f0f0f0; text-align: center;">1</td> <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 10px;"><a href="/wiki/Cherokee" title="Cherokee">Cherokee</a></td> <td>0.26%</td> <td>819,105 </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="background:#f0f0f0; text-align: center;">2</td> <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 10px;"><a href="/wiki/Navajo_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Navajo people">Navajo</a></td> <td>0.1%</td> <td>332,129 </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="background:#f0f0f0; text-align: center;">3</td> <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 10px;"><a href="/wiki/Choctaw" title="Choctaw">Choctaw</a></td> <td>0.06%</td> <td>195,764 </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="background:#f0f0f0; text-align: center;">5</td> <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 10px;"><a href="/wiki/Chippewa" class="mw-redirect" title="Chippewa">Chippewa</a></td> <td>0.05%</td> <td>170,742 </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="background:#f0f0f0; text-align: center;">6</td> <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 10px;"><a href="/wiki/Sioux" title="Sioux">Sioux</a></td> <td>0.05%</td> <td>170,110 </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="background:#f0f0f0; text-align: center;"></td> <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 10px;">All other</td> <td>1.08%</td> <td>3,357,235 </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="background:#f0f0f0; text-align: center;"></td> <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 10px;"><a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">American Indian (total)</a></td> <td>0.7%</td> <td>2,251,699 </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td colspan="4" style="background:#f5f5f5; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020 United States census</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Asian_Americans">Asian Americans</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Americans&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Asian Americans">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans" title="Asian Americans">Asian Americans</a>, <a href="/wiki/East_Asian_Americans" title="East Asian Americans">East Asian Americans</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Asian_Americans" title="South Asian Americans">South Asian Americans</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asian_Americans" title="Southeast Asian Americans">Southeast Asian Americans</a></div> Another significant population is the Asian American population, comprising 19,618,719 people in 2020, or 5.9% of the United States population.<a href="#cite_note-122">[d]</a><a href="#cite_note-2010_Census_AA-123">[119]</a><a href="#cite_note-b02001-124">[120]</a> California is home to 5.6 million Asian Americans, the greatest number in any state.<a href="#cite_note-FFFCENSUS2011-125">[121]</a> In Hawaii, Asian Americans make up the highest proportion of the population (57 percent).<a href="#cite_note-FFFCENSUS2011-125">[121]</a> Asian Americans live across the country, yet are heavily urbanized, with significant populations in the <a href="/wiki/Greater_Los_Angeles_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Los Angeles Area">Greater Los Angeles Area</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_metropolitan_area" title="New York metropolitan area">New York metropolitan area</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="San Francisco Bay Area">San Francisco Bay Area</a>.<a href="#cite_note-126">[122]</a> The United States census defines Asian Americans as those with origins to the countries of <a href="/wiki/East_Asia" title="East Asia">East Asia</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South Asia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a>. Although Americans with roots in <a href="/wiki/West_Asia" title="West Asia">West Asia</a> were once classified as "Asian", they are now excluded from the term in modern census classifications.<a href="#cite_note-127">[123]</a> The largest sub-groups are immigrants or descendants of immigrants from Cambodia, mainland China, India, Japan, Korea, Laos, Pakistan, the Philippines, Taiwan, Thailand, and Vietnam. Asians overall have <a href="/wiki/Wealth_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Wealth in the United States">higher income levels</a> than all other racial groups in the United States, including whites, and the trend appears to be increasing in relation to those groups.<a href="#cite_note-128">[124]</a> Additionally, Asians have a <a href="/wiki/Educational_attainment_in_the_United_States" title="Educational attainment in the United States">higher education attainment</a> level than all other racial groups in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-129">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-130">[126]</a> For better or for worse, the group has been called a <a href="/wiki/Model_minority" title="Model minority">model minority</a>.<a href="#cite_note-131">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-132">[128]</a><a href="#cite_note-133">[129]</a> While Asian Americans have been in what is now the United States since before the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">Revolutionary War</a>,<a href="#cite_note-134">[130]</a><a href="#cite_note-135">[131]</a><a href="#cite_note-AAWA2009-136">[132]</a> relatively large waves of Chinese, Filipino, and Japanese immigration did not begin until the mid-to-late 19th century.<a href="#cite_note-AAWA2009-136">[132]</a> Immigration and significant population growth continue to this day.<a href="#cite_note-137">[133]</a> Due to a number of factors, Asian Americans have been <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_stereotype" title="Ethnic stereotype">stereotyped</a> as "<a href="/wiki/Perpetual_foreigner" title="Perpetual foreigner">perpetual foreigners</a>".<a href="#cite_note-138">[134]</a><a href="#cite_note-139">[135]</a> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; margin-right:10px; font-size:100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="5" style="padding:0.3em 0; line-height:1.2em; background:#f5f5f5;">Asian American ancestries<a href="#cite_note-2010_Census_AA-123">[119]</a> </th></tr> <tr style="background:#f5f5f5;" valign="top"> <th>Rank </th> <th>Ancestry </th> <th>Percentage of total population </th> <th>Pop. </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="background:#f0f0f0; text-align: center;">1</td> <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 10px;"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Americans" title="Chinese Americans">Chinese</a></td> <td>1.2%</td> <td>3,797,379 </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="background:#f0f0f0; text-align: center;">2</td> <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 10px;"><a href="/wiki/Filipino_Americans" title="Filipino Americans">Filipino</a></td> <td>1.1%</td> <td>3,417,285 </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="background:#f0f0f0; text-align: center;">3</td> <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 10px;"><a href="/wiki/Indian_Americans" title="Indian Americans">Indian</a></td> <td>1.0%</td> <td>3,183,063 </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="background:#f0f0f0; text-align: center;">4</td> <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 10px;"><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_Americans" title="Vietnamese Americans">Vietnamese</a></td> <td>0.5%</td> <td>1,737,665 </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="background:#f0f0f0; text-align: center;">5</td> <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 10px;"><a href="/wiki/Korean_Americans" title="Korean Americans">Korean</a></td> <td>0.5%</td> <td>1,707,027 </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="background:#f0f0f0; text-align: center;">6</td> <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 10px;"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Americans" title="Japanese Americans">Japanese</a></td> <td>0.4%</td> <td>1,304,599 </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="background:#f0f0f0; text-align: center;"></td> <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 10px;">Other Asian</td> <td>0.9%</td> <td>2,799,448 </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="background:#f0f0f0; text-align: center;"></td> <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 10px;"><a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans" title="Asian Americans">Asian American (total)</a></td> <td>5.9%</td> <td>19,618,719 </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td colspan="4" style="background:#f5f5f5; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020 United States census</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Native_Hawaiians_and_other_Pacific_Islanders">Native Hawaiians and other Pacific Islanders</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Americans&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Native Hawaiians and other Pacific Islanders">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Native_Hawaiians" title="Native Hawaiians">Native Hawaiians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islander_Americans" title="Pacific Islander Americans">Pacific Islander Americans</a></div> As defined by the United States Census Bureau and the Office of Management and Budget, <a href="/wiki/Native_Hawaiians" title="Native Hawaiians">Native Hawaiians</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islander" title="Pacific Islander">Pacific Islanders</a> are "persons having origins in any of the original peoples of <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Samoa" title="Samoa">Samoa</a>, or other <a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_in_the_Pacific_Ocean" title="List of islands in the Pacific Ocean">Pacific Islands</a>".<a href="#cite_note-2010CensusNHOPI-140">[136]</a> Previously called <a href="/wiki/Asian_Pacific_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian Pacific American">Asian Pacific American</a>, along with Asian Americans beginning in 1976, this was changed in 1997.<a href="#cite_note-141">[137]</a> As of the 2020 United States census, there are 622,018 who reside in the United States, and make up 0.2% of the nation's total population.<a href="#cite_note-142">[e]</a><a href="#cite_note-FFAPI2011-143">[138]</a> 14% of the population have at least a <a href="/wiki/Bachelor%27s_degree" title="Bachelor's degree">bachelor's degree</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FFAPI2011-143">[138]</a> and 15.1% live in <a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_the_United_States" title="Poverty in the United States">poverty</a>, below the <a href="/wiki/Poverty_thresholds_(United_States_Census_Bureau)" title="Poverty thresholds (United States Census Bureau)">poverty threshold</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FFAPI2011-143">[138]</a> As compared to the 2000 United States census, this population grew by 40%;<a href="#cite_note-2010CensusNHOPI-140">[136]</a> and 71% live in the <a href="/wiki/Western_United_States" title="Western United States">West</a>; of those over half (52%) live in either <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a> or <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>, with no other states having populations greater than 100,000. The United States territories in the Pacific also have large Pacific Islander populations such as <a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a> (Chammoro), and <a href="/wiki/American_Samoa" title="American Samoa">American Samoa</a> (Samoan).<a href="#cite_note-2010CensusNHOPI-140">[136]</a> The largest concentration of Native Hawaiians and other Pacific Islanders, is <a href="/wiki/Honolulu_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Honolulu County">Honolulu County</a> in Hawaii,<a href="#cite_note-FFAPI2011-143">[138]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Los Angeles County">Los Angeles County</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Continental_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Continental United States">continental United States</a>.<a href="#cite_note-2010CensusNHOPI-140">[136]</a> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; margin-right:10px; font-size:100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="5" style="padding:0.3em 0; line-height:1.2em; background:#f5f5f5;">Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander by ancestries<a href="#cite_note-2010CensusNHOPI-140">[136]</a> </th></tr> <tr style="background:#f5f5f5;" valign="top"> <th>Rank </th> <th>Ancestry </th> <th>Percentage </th> <th>Pop. </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="background:#f0f0f0; text-align: center;">1</td> <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 10px;"><a href="/wiki/Native_Hawaiians" title="Native Hawaiians">Native Hawaiian</a></td> <td>0.17%</td> <td>527,077 </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="background:#f0f0f0; text-align: center;">2</td> <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 10px;"><a href="/wiki/Samoan_Americans" title="Samoan Americans">Samoan</a></td> <td>0.05%</td> <td>184,440 </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="background:#f0f0f0; text-align: center;">3</td> <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 10px;"><a href="/wiki/Chamorro_people" title="Chamorro people">Chamorro</a></td> <td>0.04%</td> <td>147,798 </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="background:#f0f0f0; text-align: center;">4</td> <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 10px;"><a href="/wiki/Tongan_Americans" title="Tongan Americans">Tongan</a></td> <td>0.01%</td> <td>57,183 </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="background:#f0f0f0; text-align: center;"></td> <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 10px;">Other Pacific Islanders</td> <td>0.09%</td> <td>308,697 </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="background:#f0f0f0; text-align: center;"></td> <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 10px;"><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islander_Americans" title="Pacific Islander Americans">Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander (total)</a></td> <td>0.2%</td> <td>622,018 </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td colspan="4" style="background:#f5f5f5; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020 United States census</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Two_or_more_races">Two or more races</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Americans&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Two or more races">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Multiracial_Americans" title="Multiracial Americans">Multiracial Americans</a></div> The United States has a growing multiracial identity movement.<a href="#cite_note-144">[139]</a> <a href="/wiki/Multiracial" class="mw-redirect" title="Multiracial">Multiracial</a> Americans numbered 7.0 million in 2008, or 2.3% of the population;<a href="#cite_note-b02001-124">[120]</a> by the 2020 census the multiracial increased to 13,548,983, or 4.1% of the total population.<a href="#cite_note-kHnJrR2011-145">[140]</a> They can be any combination of races (White, Black or African American, Asian, American Indian or Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, "some other race") and ethnicities.<a href="#cite_note-146">[141]</a> The largest population of Multiracial Americans were those of <a href="/wiki/Mulatto" title="Mulatto">White and African American</a> descent, with a total of 1,834,212 self-identifying individuals.<a href="#cite_note-kHnJrR2011-145">[140]</a> <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a>, 44th President of the United States who is biracial- his mother is white (of English and Irish descent) and his father is of <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenyan</a> birth-<a href="#cite_note-147">[142]</a><a href="#cite_note-148">[143]</a> only self-identifies as being African American.<a href="#cite_note-149">[144]</a><a href="#cite_note-150">[145]</a> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; margin-right:10px; font-size:100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="5" style="padding:0.3em 0; line-height:1.2em; background:#f5f5f5;">Population by selected Two or More Races Population<a href="#cite_note-151">[146]</a> </th></tr> <tr style="background:#f5f5f5;" valign="top"> <th>Rank </th> <th>Specific Combinations </th> <th>Percentage of total population </th> <th>Pop. </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="background:#f0f0f0; text-align: center;">1</td> <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 10px;">White; Black</td> <td>0.59%</td> <td>1,834,212 </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="background:#f0f0f0; text-align: center;">2</td> <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 10px;">White; Some Other Race</td> <td>0.56%</td> <td>1,740,924 </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="background:#f0f0f0; text-align: center;">3</td> <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 10px;">White; Asian</td> <td>0.52%</td> <td>1,623,234 </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="background:#f0f0f0; text-align: center;">4</td> <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 10px;">White; Native American</td> <td>0.46%</td> <td>1,432,309 </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="background:#f0f0f0; text-align: center;">5</td> <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 10px;">African American; Some Other Race</td> <td>0.1%</td> <td>314,571 </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="background:#f0f0f0; text-align: center;">6</td> <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 10px;">African American; Native American</td> <td>0.08%</td> <td>269,421 </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="background:#f0f0f0; text-align: center;"></td> <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 10px;">All other specific combinations</td> <td>0.58%</td> <td>1,794,402 </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="background:#f0f0f0; text-align: center;"></td> <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 10px;"><a href="/wiki/Multiracial_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Multiracial American">Multiracial American (total)</a></td> <td>4.1%</td> <td>13,548,983 </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td colspan="4" style="background:#f5f5f5; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="2020 United States Census">2020 United States Census</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Some_other_race">Some other race</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Americans&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Some other race">edit</a>]</div> According to the 2020 United States census, 8.4% or 27,915,715 Americans chose to self-identify with the "some other race" category, the third most popular option. Also, 42.2% or 26,225,882 Hispanic/Latino Americans chose to identify as <a href="/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States#Members_of_other_races" title="Race and ethnicity in the United States">some other race</a> as these Hispanic/Latinos may feel the United States census does not describe their European and American Indian ancestry as they understand it to be.<a href="#cite_note-152">[147]</a> A significant portion of the Hispanic and Latino population self-identifies as <a href="/wiki/Mestizo" title="Mestizo">Mestizo</a>, particularly the Mexican and Central American community.<a href="#cite_note-153">[148]</a> <a href="/wiki/Mestizo" title="Mestizo">Mestizo</a> is not a racial category in the United States census, but signifies someone who has both European and American Indian ancestry. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans">Hispanic and Latino Americans</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Americans&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Hispanic and Latino Americans">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic and Latino Americans</a></div> Hispanic or Latino Americans constitute the largest <a href="/wiki/Racial_and_ethnic_demographics_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Racial and ethnic demographics of the United States">ethnic minority in the United States</a>. They form the second largest group in the United States, comprising 62,080,044 people or 18.7% of the population according to the 2020 United States census.<a href="#cite_note-154">[f]</a><a href="#cite_note-tthqvu-81">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-c2010def-155">[149]</a> Hispanic and Latino Americans are not considered a race in the United States census, instead forming an ethnic category.<a href="#cite_note-156">[150]</a><a href="#cite_note-157">[151]</a><a href="#cite_note-158">[152]</a><a href="#cite_note-159">[153]</a> People of Spanish or Hispanic and Latino descent have lived in what is now United States territory since the founding of <a href="/wiki/San_Juan,_Puerto_Rico" title="San Juan, Puerto Rico">San Juan, Puerto Rico</a> (the oldest continuously inhabited settlement on American soil) in 1521 by <a href="/wiki/Juan_Ponce_de_Le%C3%B3n" title="Juan Ponce de León">Juan Ponce de León</a>, and the founding of <a href="/wiki/St._Augustine,_Florida" title="St. Augustine, Florida">St. Augustine, Florida</a> (the oldest continuously inhabited settlement in the continental United States) in 1565 by <a href="/wiki/Pedro_Men%C3%A9ndez_de_Avil%C3%A9s" title="Pedro Menéndez de Avilés">Pedro Menéndez de Avilés</a>. In the <a href="/wiki/State_of_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="State of Texas">State of Texas</a>, Spaniards first <a href="/wiki/History_of_Texas#Establishment_of_Spanish_colony" title="History of Texas">settled</a> the region in the late 1600s and formed a unique <a href="/wiki/Cultural_identity" title="Cultural identity">cultural group</a> known as <a href="/wiki/Tejanos" title="Tejanos">Tejanos</a>. <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; margin-right:10px;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="6" style="padding:0.3em 0; line-height:1.2em; background:#f5f5f5;">Hispanic and Latino American population by national origin<a href="#cite_note-160">[154]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto1-161">[155]</a> </th></tr> <tr style="background:#f5f5f5;" valign="top"> <th>Rank </th> <th>National origin </th> <th>% of total population </th> <th>Pop. </th> <th><abbr title="Reference(s)">Ref(s)</abbr> </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="background:#f0f0f0; text-align: center;">1</td> <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 10px;"><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Americans" title="Mexican Americans">Mexican</a></td> <td>10.29%</td> <td>31,798,258</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-auto1-161">[155]</a> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="background:#f0f0f0; text-align: center;">2</td> <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 10px;"><a href="/wiki/Stateside_Puerto_Ricans" title="Stateside Puerto Ricans">Puerto Rican</a><a href="#cite_note-162">[g]</a></td> <td>1.49%</td> <td>4,623,716</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-auto1-161">[155]</a> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="background:#f0f0f0; text-align: center;">3</td> <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 10px;"><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Americans" title="Cuban Americans">Cuban</a></td> <td>0.57%</td> <td>1,785,547</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-auto1-161">[155]</a> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="background:#f0f0f0; text-align: center;">4</td> <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 10px;"><a href="/wiki/Salvadoran_Americans" title="Salvadoran Americans">Salvadoran</a></td> <td>0.53%</td> <td>1,648,968</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-auto1-161">[155]</a> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="background:#f0f0f0; text-align: center;">5</td> <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 10px;"><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Americans" title="Dominican Americans">Dominican</a></td> <td>0.45%</td> <td>1,414,703</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-auto1-161">[155]</a> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="background:#f0f0f0; text-align: center;">6</td> <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 10px;"><a href="/wiki/Guatemalan_Americans" title="Guatemalan Americans">Guatemalan</a></td> <td>0.33%</td> <td>1,044,209</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-auto1-161">[155]</a> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="background:#f0f0f0; text-align: center;">7</td> <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 10px;"><a href="/wiki/Colombian_Americans" title="Colombian Americans">Colombian</a></td> <td>0.3%</td> <td>908,734</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-auto1-161">[155]</a> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="background:#f0f0f0; text-align: center;">8</td> <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 10px;"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Americans" title="Spanish Americans">Spanish</a></td> <td>0.2%</td> <td>635,253</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-auto1-161">[155]</a> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="background:#f0f0f0; text-align: center;">9</td> <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 10px;"><a href="/wiki/Honduran_Americans" title="Honduran Americans">Honduran</a></td> <td>0.2%</td> <td>633,401</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-auto1-161">[155]</a> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="background:#f0f0f0; text-align: center;">10</td> <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 10px;"><a href="/wiki/Ecuadorian_Americans" title="Ecuadorian Americans">Ecuadorian</a></td> <td>0.1%</td> <td>564,631</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-auto1-161">[155]</a> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="background:#f0f0f0; text-align: center;">11</td> <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 10px;"><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_Americans" title="Peruvian Americans">Peruvian</a></td> <td>0.1%</td> <td>531,358</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-auto1-161">[155]</a> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="background:#f0f0f0; text-align: center;"></td> <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 10px;">All other</td> <td>2.62%</td> <td>7,630,835</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="background:#f0f0f0; text-align: center;"></td> <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 10px;"><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic and Latino American (total)</a></td> <td>18.7%</td> <td>62,080,044</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td colspan="6" style="background:#f5f5f5; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020 United States census</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="National_personification">National personification</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Americans&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: National personification">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:352px;max-width:352px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:177px;max-width:177px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Uncle_Sam_(pointing_finger).png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Uncle_Sam_%28pointing_finger%29.png/175px-Uncle_Sam_%28pointing_finger%29.png" decoding="async" width="175" height="235" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Uncle_Sam_%28pointing_finger%29.png/263px-Uncle_Sam_%28pointing_finger%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Uncle_Sam_%28pointing_finger%29.png/350px-Uncle_Sam_%28pointing_finger%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1271" data-file-height="1708" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:171px;max-width:171px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:ColumbiaStahrArtwork.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/ColumbiaStahrArtwork.jpg/169px-ColumbiaStahrArtwork.jpg" decoding="async" width="169" height="235" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/ColumbiaStahrArtwork.jpg/254px-ColumbiaStahrArtwork.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/ColumbiaStahrArtwork.jpg/338px-ColumbiaStahrArtwork.jpg 2x" data-file-width="576" data-file-height="800" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">"<a href="/wiki/Uncle_Sam" title="Uncle Sam">Uncle Sam</a>" is a <a href="/wiki/National_personification" title="National personification">national personification</a> of the United States. The image bears a resemblance to the real <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Wilson" title="Samuel Wilson">Samuel Wilson</a> and the pose used here is based on <a href="/wiki/Lord_Kitchener_Wants_You" title="Lord Kitchener Wants You">Lord Kitchener Wants You</a>. The female personification, primarily popular during the 18th and 19th centuries, is "<a href="/wiki/Columbia_(name)" class="mw-redirect" title="Columbia (name)">Columbia</a>".</div></div></div></div> <a href="/wiki/Uncle_Sam" title="Uncle Sam">Uncle Sam</a> is a <a href="/wiki/National_personification" title="National personification">national personification</a> of the United States and sometimes more specifically of the <a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Federal government of the United States">American government</a>, with the first usage of the term dating from the <a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a>. He is depicted as a stern elderly white man with white hair and a <a href="/wiki/Goatee" title="Goatee">goatee</a> beard, and dressed in clothing that recalls the design elements of the <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_States" title="Flag of the United States">flag of the United States</a> – for example, typically a <a href="/wiki/Top_hat" title="Top hat">top hat</a> with red and white stripes and white stars on a blue band, and red and white striped trousers. <a href="/wiki/Columbia_(name)" class="mw-redirect" title="Columbia (name)">Columbia</a> is a poetic name for the Americas and the feminine personification of the United States of America, made famous by African American poet <a href="/wiki/Phillis_Wheatley" title="Phillis Wheatley">Phillis Wheatley</a> during the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a> in 1776. It has inspired the names of many persons, places, objects, institutions, and companies in the <a href="/wiki/Western_Hemisphere" title="Western Hemisphere">Western Hemisphere</a> and beyond, including the District of Columbia, the seat of government of the United States. <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Language">Language</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Americans&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Language">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_United_States" title="Languages of the United States">Languages of the United States</a>, <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English language</a>, <a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">American English</a>, and <a href="/wiki/English-only" class="mw-redirect" title="English-only">English-only</a></div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="margin-left:1em; float:right"> <caption>Languages spoken at home by more than 1 million persons in 2010<a href="#cite_note-MLA_Data-163">[156]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Language</th> <th>Percent of population</th> <th>Number of speakers </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></td> <td>80.38%</td> <td>233,780,338 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Combined total of all languages other than English</td> <td>19.62%</td> <td>57,048,617 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a> (excluding <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spanish-based_creole_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish-based creole language">Spanish Creole</a>)</td> <td>12.19%</td> <td>35,437,985 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a> (including <a href="/wiki/Cantonese_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Cantonese language">Cantonese</a> and <a href="/wiki/Standard_Mandarin" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard Mandarin">Mandarin</a>)</td> <td>0.9%</td> <td>2,567,779 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tagalog_language" title="Tagalog language">Tagalog</a></td> <td>0.53%</td> <td>1,542,118 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language" title="Vietnamese language">Vietnamese</a></td> <td>0.44%</td> <td>1,292,448 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a></td> <td>0.44%</td> <td>1,288,833 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a></td> <td>0.38%</td> <td>1,108,408 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a></td> <td>0.38%</td> <td>1,107,869 </td></tr></tbody></table> <a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">English</a> is the unofficial <a href="/wiki/National_language" title="National language">national language</a>. Although there is no <a href="/wiki/Official_language" title="Official language">official language</a> at the federal level, some laws—such as <a href="/wiki/United_States_nationality_law#Naturalization" title="United States nationality law">U.S. naturalization requirements</a>—standardize English. In 2007, about 226 million, or 80% of the population aged five years and older, spoke only English at home. <a href="/wiki/Spanish_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish in the United States">Spanish</a>, spoken by 12% of the population at home, is the second most common language and the most widely taught second language.<a href="#cite_note-USCB_Lang-164">[157]</a><a href="#cite_note-165">[158]</a> Some Americans advocate making English the country's official language, as it is in at least twenty-eight states.<a href="#cite_note-ILW-166">[159]</a> Both English and <a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_language" title="Hawaiian language">Hawaiian</a> are official languages in Hawaii by state law.<a href="#cite_note-167">[160]</a> While neither has an official language, <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a> has laws providing for the use of both English and Spanish, as <a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a> does for English and French.<a href="#cite_note-168">[161]</a> Other states, such as California, mandate the publication of Spanish versions of certain government documents. The latter include court forms.<a href="#cite_note-169">[162]</a> Several insular territories grant official recognition to their native languages, along with English: <a href="/wiki/Samoan_language" title="Samoan language">Samoan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chamorro_language" title="Chamorro language">Chamorro</a> are recognized by <a href="/wiki/American_Samoa" title="American Samoa">American Samoa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a>, respectively; <a href="/wiki/Carolinian_language" title="Carolinian language">Carolinian</a> and Chamorro are recognized by the Northern Mariana Islands; Spanish is an official language of Puerto Rico. <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religion">Religion</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Americans&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Religion">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_United_States" title="Religion in the United States">Religion in the United States</a></div> <div style="clear:right;" class=""></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption style="font-size:100%">Religious affiliation in the U.S. (2014)<a href="#cite_note-pew2014-170">[163]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Affiliation </th> <th colspan="2">% of U.S. population </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christian</a> </td> <td align="right">70.6 </td> <td align="left">70.6<div style="width:141.2px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:darkblue"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left; text-indent:15px;"><a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestant</a> </td> <td align="right">46.5 </td> <td align="left">46.5<div style="width:93px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:mediumblue"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left; text-indent:30px;"><a href="/wiki/Evangelicalism" title="Evangelicalism">Evangelical Protestant</a> </td> <td align="right">25.4 </td> <td align="left">25.4<div style="width:50.8px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:lightblue"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left; text-indent:30px;"><a href="/wiki/Mainline_Protestant" title="Mainline Protestant">Mainline Protestant</a> </td> <td align="right">14.7 </td> <td align="left">14.7<div style="width:29.4px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:lightblue"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left; text-indent:30px;"><a href="/wiki/Black_church" title="Black church">Black church</a> </td> <td align="right">6.5 </td> <td align="left">6.5<div style="width:13px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:lightblue"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left; text-indent:15px;"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a> </td> <td align="right">20.8 </td> <td align="left">20.8<div style="width:41.6px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:mediumblue"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left; text-indent:15px;"><a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</a> </td> <td align="right">1.6 </td> <td align="left">1.6<div style="width:3.2px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:mediumblue"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left; text-indent:15px;"><a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a> </td> <td align="right">0.8 </td> <td align="left">0.8<div style="width:1.6px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:mediumblue"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left; text-indent:15px;"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy" title="Eastern Orthodoxy">Eastern Orthodox</a> </td> <td align="right">0.5 </td> <td align="left">0.5<div style="width:1px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:mediumblue"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left; text-indent:15px;">Other Christian </td> <td align="right">0.4 </td> <td align="left">0.4<div style="width:0.8px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:mediumblue"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Non-Christian faiths </td> <td align="right">5.9 </td> <td align="left">5.9<div style="width:11.8px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:darkgreen"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left; text-indent:15px;"><a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Jewish</a> </td> <td align="right">1.9 </td> <td align="left">1.9<div style="width:3.8px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:lightgreen"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left; text-indent:15px;"><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Muslim</a> </td> <td align="right">0.9 </td> <td align="left">0.9<div style="width:1.8px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:lightgreen"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left; text-indent:15px;"><a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhist</a> </td> <td align="right">0.7 </td> <td align="left">0.7<div style="width:1.4px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:lightgreen"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left; text-indent:15px;"><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hindu</a> </td> <td align="right">0.7 </td> <td align="left">0.7<div style="width:1.4px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:lightgreen"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left; text-indent:15px;">Other Non-Christian faiths </td> <td align="right">1.8 </td> <td align="left">1.8<div style="width:3.6px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:lightgreen"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Irreligion" title="Irreligion">Unaffiliated</a> </td> <td align="right">22.8 </td> <td align="left">22.8<div style="width:45.6px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:purple"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left; text-indent:15px;">Nothing in particular </td> <td align="right">15.8 </td> <td align="left">15.8<div style="width:31.6px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:#A020F0"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left; text-indent:15px;"><a href="/wiki/Agnosticism" title="Agnosticism">Agnostic</a> </td> <td align="right">4.0 </td> <td align="left">4<div style="width:8px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:#A020F0"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left; text-indent:15px;"><a href="/wiki/Atheism" title="Atheism">Atheist</a> </td> <td align="right">3.1 </td> <td align="left">3.1<div style="width:6.2px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:#A020F0"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Don't know/refused answer </td> <td align="right">0.6 </td> <td align="left">0.6<div style="width:1.2px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:#A020F0"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Total</td> <td>100 </td> <td align="left">100<div style="width:200px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:grey"> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> Religion in the United States has a high adherence level compared to other developed countries and a diversity in beliefs. The <a href="/wiki/First_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="First Amendment to the United States Constitution">First Amendment</a> to the country's <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="Constitution of the United States">Constitution</a> prevents the Federal government from making any "law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof". The <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">U.S. Supreme Court</a> has interpreted this as preventing the government from having any authority in religion. A majority of Americans report that religion plays a "very important" role in their lives, a proportion unusual among <a href="/wiki/Developed_country" title="Developed country">developed countries</a>. However, similar to the other nations of the Americas.<a href="#cite_note-171">[164]</a> Many faiths have flourished in the United States, including both later imports spanning the country's multicultural immigrant heritage, as well as those founded within the country; these have led the United States to become the most religiously diverse country in the world.<a href="#cite_note-172">[165]</a> The United States has the <a href="/wiki/Christianity_by_country" title="Christianity by country">world's largest Christian population</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Global_Christianity-173">[166]</a> The majority of Americans (76%) are <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christians</a>, mostly within <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestant</a> and <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a> denominations; these adherents constitute 48% and 23% of the population, respectively.<a href="#cite_note-Gallup2016religion-174">[167]</a> Other religions include <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a>, which collectively make up about 4% to 5% of the adult population.<a href="#cite_note-ARIS2008-175">[168]</a><a href="#cite_note-ciafact-176">[169]</a><a href="#cite_note-Pew-177">[170]</a> Another 15% of the adult population identifies as having <a href="/wiki/Irreligion" title="Irreligion">no religious belief</a> or no religious affiliation.<a href="#cite_note-ARIS2008-175">[168]</a> According to the <a href="/wiki/American_Religious_Identification_Survey" class="mw-redirect" title="American Religious Identification Survey">American Religious Identification Survey</a>, religious belief varies considerably across the country: 59% of Americans living in Western states (the "<a href="/wiki/Unchurched_Belt" title="Unchurched Belt">Unchurched Belt</a>") report a belief in <a href="/wiki/God" title="God">God</a>, yet in the South (the "<a href="/wiki/Bible_Belt" title="Bible Belt">Bible Belt</a>") the figure is as high as 86%.<a href="#cite_note-ARIS2008-175">[168]</a><a href="#cite_note-178">[171]</a> Several of the original Thirteen Colonies were established by settlers who wished to practice their religion without discrimination: the Massachusetts Bay Colony was established by English <a href="/wiki/Puritans" title="Puritans">Puritans</a>, Pennsylvania by Irish and English <a href="/wiki/Quakers" title="Quakers">Quakers</a>, Maryland by English and <a href="/wiki/Irish_Catholics" title="Irish Catholics">Irish Catholics</a>, and Virginia by English <a href="/wiki/Anglicanism" title="Anglicanism">Anglicans</a>. Although some individual states retained established religious confessions well into the 19th century, the United States was the first nation to have no official state-endorsed religion.<a href="#cite_note-179">[172]</a> Modeling the provisions concerning religion within the <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Statute_for_Religious_Freedom" title="Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom">Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom</a>, the framers of the Constitution rejected any religious test for office. The First Amendment specifically denied the federal government any power to enact any law respecting either an establishment of religion or prohibiting its free exercise, thus protecting any religious organization, institution, or denomination from government interference. European Rationalist and Protestant ideals mainly influenced the decision. Still, it was also a consequence of the pragmatic concerns of minority religious groups and small states that did not want to be under the power or influence of a national religion that did not represent them.<a href="#cite_note-180">[173]</a> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:First_Baptist_Church_in_America_from_Angell_St_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The First Baptist Church in America in Providence, Rhode Island"><img alt="The First Baptist Church in America in Providence, Rhode Island" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/First_Baptist_Church_in_America_from_Angell_St_2.jpg/71px-First_Baptist_Church_in_America_from_Angell_St_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="71" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/First_Baptist_Church_in_America_from_Angell_St_2.jpg/107px-First_Baptist_Church_in_America_from_Angell_St_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/First_Baptist_Church_in_America_from_Angell_St_2.jpg/142px-First_Baptist_Church_in_America_from_Angell_St_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2773" data-file-height="4671" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/First_Baptist_Church_in_America" title="First Baptist Church in America">First Baptist Church in America</a> in <a href="/wiki/Providence,_Rhode_Island" title="Providence, Rhode Island">Providence</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island" title="Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Basilica_of_the_National_Shrine_of_the_Immaculate_Conception.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception in Washington, D.C. is the most significant Catholic church in the United States."><img alt="The Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception in Washington, D.C. is the most significant Catholic church in the United States." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Basilica_of_the_National_Shrine_of_the_Immaculate_Conception.jpg/120px-Basilica_of_the_National_Shrine_of_the_Immaculate_Conception.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Basilica_of_the_National_Shrine_of_the_Immaculate_Conception.jpg/180px-Basilica_of_the_National_Shrine_of_the_Immaculate_Conception.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Basilica_of_the_National_Shrine_of_the_Immaculate_Conception.jpg/240px-Basilica_of_the_National_Shrine_of_the_Immaculate_Conception.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3203" data-file-height="1897" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_the_National_Shrine_of_the_Immaculate_Conception" title="Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception">Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception</a> in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a> is the most significant <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholicism_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholicism in the United States">Catholic</a> church in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Sunset_in_Utah.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Salt Lake Temple in Salt Lake City, Utah is the largest LDS temple."><img alt="The Salt Lake Temple in Salt Lake City, Utah is the largest LDS temple." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Sunset_in_Utah.jpg/67px-Sunset_in_Utah.jpg" decoding="async" width="67" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Sunset_in_Utah.jpg/101px-Sunset_in_Utah.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Sunset_in_Utah.jpg/135px-Sunset_in_Utah.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1330" data-file-height="2364" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Salt_Lake_Temple" title="Salt Lake Temple">Salt Lake Temple</a> in <a href="/wiki/Salt_Lake_City" title="Salt Lake City">Salt Lake City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Utah" title="Utah">Utah</a> is the largest LDS temple.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Louis_Sullivan_-_exterior_-_Holy_Trinity_Russian_%26_Greek_Orthodox_Church,_1121_North_Leavitt_Street,_Chicago,_Cook_County,_IL.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Holy Trinity Orthodox Cathedral in Chicago's Ukrainian Village"><img alt="Holy Trinity Orthodox Cathedral in Chicago's Ukrainian Village" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Louis_Sullivan_-_exterior_-_Holy_Trinity_Russian_%26_Greek_Orthodox_Church%2C_1121_North_Leavitt_Street%2C_Chicago%2C_Cook_County%2C_IL.jpg/98px-Louis_Sullivan_-_exterior_-_Holy_Trinity_Russian_%26_Greek_Orthodox_Church%2C_1121_North_Leavitt_Street%2C_Chicago%2C_Cook_County%2C_IL.jpg" decoding="async" width="98" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Louis_Sullivan_-_exterior_-_Holy_Trinity_Russian_%26_Greek_Orthodox_Church%2C_1121_North_Leavitt_Street%2C_Chicago%2C_Cook_County%2C_IL.jpg/146px-Louis_Sullivan_-_exterior_-_Holy_Trinity_Russian_%26_Greek_Orthodox_Church%2C_1121_North_Leavitt_Street%2C_Chicago%2C_Cook_County%2C_IL.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Louis_Sullivan_-_exterior_-_Holy_Trinity_Russian_%26_Greek_Orthodox_Church%2C_1121_North_Leavitt_Street%2C_Chicago%2C_Cook_County%2C_IL.jpg/195px-Louis_Sullivan_-_exterior_-_Holy_Trinity_Russian_%26_Greek_Orthodox_Church%2C_1121_North_Leavitt_Street%2C_Chicago%2C_Cook_County%2C_IL.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="4300" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Holy_Trinity_Orthodox_Cathedral_(Chicago)" title="Holy Trinity Orthodox Cathedral (Chicago)">Holy Trinity Orthodox Cathedral</a> in <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Village,_Chicago" title="Ukrainian Village, Chicago">Ukrainian Village</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:GENERAL_VIEW_-_Unity_Temple,_875_Lake_Street,_Oak_Park,_Cook_County,_IL_HABS_ILL,16-OAKPA,3-6_(CT).tif" class="mw-file-description" title="Unity Temple Unitarian Universalist church in Oak Park, Illinois"><img alt="Unity Temple Unitarian Universalist church in Oak Park, Illinois" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/GENERAL_VIEW_-_Unity_Temple%2C_875_Lake_Street%2C_Oak_Park%2C_Cook_County%2C_IL_HABS_ILL%2C16-OAKPA%2C3-6_%28CT%29.tif/lossy-page1-120px-GENERAL_VIEW_-_Unity_Temple%2C_875_Lake_Street%2C_Oak_Park%2C_Cook_County%2C_IL_HABS_ILL%2C16-OAKPA%2C3-6_%28CT%29.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/GENERAL_VIEW_-_Unity_Temple%2C_875_Lake_Street%2C_Oak_Park%2C_Cook_County%2C_IL_HABS_ILL%2C16-OAKPA%2C3-6_%28CT%29.tif/lossy-page1-180px-GENERAL_VIEW_-_Unity_Temple%2C_875_Lake_Street%2C_Oak_Park%2C_Cook_County%2C_IL_HABS_ILL%2C16-OAKPA%2C3-6_%28CT%29.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/GENERAL_VIEW_-_Unity_Temple%2C_875_Lake_Street%2C_Oak_Park%2C_Cook_County%2C_IL_HABS_ILL%2C16-OAKPA%2C3-6_%28CT%29.tif/lossy-page1-240px-GENERAL_VIEW_-_Unity_Temple%2C_875_Lake_Street%2C_Oak_Park%2C_Cook_County%2C_IL_HABS_ILL%2C16-OAKPA%2C3-6_%28CT%29.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4737" data-file-height="3785" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Unity_Temple" title="Unity Temple">Unity Temple</a> <a href="/wiki/Unitarian_Universalism" title="Unitarian Universalism">Unitarian Universalist</a> <a href="/wiki/Church_(building)" title="Church (building)">church</a> in <a href="/wiki/Oak_Park,_Illinois" title="Oak Park, Illinois">Oak Park, Illinois</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Touro_Synagogue,_Newport,_Rhode_Island.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Touro Synagogue in Newport, Rhode Island is America's oldest surviving synagogue."><img alt="Touro Synagogue in Newport, Rhode Island is America's oldest surviving synagogue." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Touro_Synagogue%2C_Newport%2C_Rhode_Island.jpg/120px-Touro_Synagogue%2C_Newport%2C_Rhode_Island.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Touro_Synagogue%2C_Newport%2C_Rhode_Island.jpg/180px-Touro_Synagogue%2C_Newport%2C_Rhode_Island.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Touro_Synagogue%2C_Newport%2C_Rhode_Island.jpg/240px-Touro_Synagogue%2C_Newport%2C_Rhode_Island.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2084" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Touro_Synagogue" title="Touro Synagogue">Touro Synagogue</a> in <a href="/wiki/Newport,_Rhode_Island" title="Newport, Rhode Island">Newport</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island" title="Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a> is America's oldest surviving synagogue.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Islamic_Center_of_America.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Islamic Center of America in Dearborn, Michigan is the largest mosque in North America."><img alt="The Islamic Center of America in Dearborn, Michigan is the largest mosque in North America." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Islamic_Center_of_America.jpg/120px-Islamic_Center_of_America.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Islamic_Center_of_America.jpg/180px-Islamic_Center_of_America.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Islamic_Center_of_America.jpg/240px-Islamic_Center_of_America.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Center_of_America" title="Islamic Center of America">Islamic Center of America</a> in <a href="/wiki/Dearborn,_Michigan" title="Dearborn, Michigan">Dearborn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a> is the largest mosque in <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Lightmatter_Hsi_Lai_Temple_4.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hsi Lai Temple in Hacienda Heights, California is one of the largest Buddhist temples in the Western Hemisphere."><img alt="Hsi Lai Temple in Hacienda Heights, California is one of the largest Buddhist temples in the Western Hemisphere." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Lightmatter_Hsi_Lai_Temple_4.jpg/120px-Lightmatter_Hsi_Lai_Temple_4.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Lightmatter_Hsi_Lai_Temple_4.jpg/180px-Lightmatter_Hsi_Lai_Temple_4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Lightmatter_Hsi_Lai_Temple_4.jpg/240px-Lightmatter_Hsi_Lai_Temple_4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="480" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Hsi_Lai_Temple" title="Hsi Lai Temple">Hsi Lai Temple</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hacienda_Heights,_California" title="Hacienda Heights, California">Hacienda Heights</a>, <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> is one of the largest Buddhist temples in the <a href="/wiki/Western_Hemisphere" title="Western Hemisphere">Western Hemisphere</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Malibu_Hindu_Temple_11.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hindu Temple in Malibu, California"><img alt="Hindu Temple in Malibu, California" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Malibu_Hindu_Temple_11.jpg/120px-Malibu_Hindu_Temple_11.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Malibu_Hindu_Temple_11.jpg/180px-Malibu_Hindu_Temple_11.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Malibu_Hindu_Temple_11.jpg/240px-Malibu_Hindu_Temple_11.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Hindu Temple in <a href="/wiki/Malibu,_California" title="Malibu, California">Malibu</a>, <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Willmette_how.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Bahá'í House of Worship, in Wilmette, Illinois"><img alt="The Bahá'í House of Worship, in Wilmette, Illinois" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Willmette_how.jpg/120px-Willmette_how.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Willmette_how.jpg/180px-Willmette_how.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Willmette_how.jpg/240px-Willmette_how.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%27%C3%AD_House_of_Worship_(Wilmette,_Illinois)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahá'í House of Worship (Wilmette, Illinois)">Bahá'í House of Worship</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Wilmette,_Illinois" title="Wilmette, Illinois">Wilmette</a>, <a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Jain_Temple_-02_by_Jain_Center_of_Greater_Phoenix_(JCGP).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Jain Center of Greater Phoenix (JCGP) in Phoenix, Arizona"><img alt="The Jain Center of Greater Phoenix (JCGP) in Phoenix, Arizona" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Jain_Temple_-02_by_Jain_Center_of_Greater_Phoenix_%28JCGP%29.jpg/120px-Jain_Temple_-02_by_Jain_Center_of_Greater_Phoenix_%28JCGP%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Jain_Temple_-02_by_Jain_Center_of_Greater_Phoenix_%28JCGP%29.jpg/180px-Jain_Temple_-02_by_Jain_Center_of_Greater_Phoenix_%28JCGP%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Jain_Temple_-02_by_Jain_Center_of_Greater_Phoenix_%28JCGP%29.jpg/240px-Jain_Temple_-02_by_Jain_Center_of_Greater_Phoenix_%28JCGP%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5131" data-file-height="2046" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Jain_Center_of_Greater_Phoenix" title="Jain Center of Greater Phoenix">Jain Center of Greater Phoenix</a> (JCGP) in <a href="/wiki/Phoenix,_Arizona" title="Phoenix, Arizona">Phoenix</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:San_Jose_Gurdwara_Sahib_(2448909577).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sikh Gurdwara in Evergreen, San Jose, California"><img alt="Sikh Gurdwara in Evergreen, San Jose, California" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/San_Jose_Gurdwara_Sahib_%282448909577%29.jpg/120px-San_Jose_Gurdwara_Sahib_%282448909577%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/San_Jose_Gurdwara_Sahib_%282448909577%29.jpg/180px-San_Jose_Gurdwara_Sahib_%282448909577%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/San_Jose_Gurdwara_Sahib_%282448909577%29.jpg/240px-San_Jose_Gurdwara_Sahib_%282448909577%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1587" data-file-height="1102" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Gurdwara_Sahib_of_San_Jose" title="Gurdwara Sahib of San Jose">Sikh Gurdwara</a> in <a href="/wiki/Evergreen,_San_Jose" title="Evergreen, San Jose">Evergreen</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Jose,_California" title="San Jose, California">San Jose</a>, <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Americans&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Culture">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_United_States" title="Culture of the United States">Culture of the United States</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Motherhood_and_apple_pie.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Motherhood_and_apple_pie.jpg/220px-Motherhood_and_apple_pie.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Motherhood_and_apple_pie.jpg/330px-Motherhood_and_apple_pie.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Motherhood_and_apple_pie.jpg/440px-Motherhood_and_apple_pie.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2700" data-file-height="1802" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Apple_pie" title="Apple pie">Apple pie</a> and <a href="/wiki/Baseball" title="Baseball">baseball</a> are icons of American culture.</figcaption></figure> The American culture is primarily a <a href="/wiki/Western_culture" title="Western culture">Western culture</a>, but is influenced by Native American, West African, Latin American, East Asian, and <a href="/wiki/Polynesia" title="Polynesia">Polynesian</a> cultures. The United States of America has its own unique social and cultural characteristics, such as <a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">dialect</a>, <a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_United_States" title="Music of the United States">music</a>, <a href="/wiki/Visual_art_of_the_United_States" title="Visual art of the United States">arts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Society_of_the_United_States" title="Society of the United States">social habits</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of the United States">cuisine</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Folklore_of_the_United_States" title="Folklore of the United States">folklore</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Society_in_Focus-25">[25]</a> Its chief early European influences came from <a href="/wiki/English_Americans" title="English Americans">English</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Americans" title="Scottish Americans">Scottish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Welsh_Americans" title="Welsh Americans">Welsh</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Irish_Americans" title="Irish Americans">Irish</a> settlers of <a href="/wiki/Colonial_history_of_the_United_States" title="Colonial history of the United States">colonial America</a> during British rule. <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Culture of the United Kingdom">British culture</a>, due to colonial ties with Britain that spread the English language, <a href="/wiki/English_law" title="English law">legal system</a> and other cultural inheritances, had a formative influence.<a href="#cite_note-181">[174]</a> Other important influences came from other parts of Europe, especially <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Germany" title="Culture of Germany">Germany</a>,<a href="#cite_note-kirschbaum-182">[175]</a> <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_France" title="Culture of France">France</a>,<a href="#cite_note-183">[176]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Italy" title="Culture of Italy">Italy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-184">[177]</a> Original elements also play a strong role, such as <a href="/wiki/Jeffersonian_democracy" title="Jeffersonian democracy">Jeffersonian democracy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-MJ-185">[178]</a> Thomas Jefferson's <a href="/wiki/Notes_on_the_State_of_Virginia" title="Notes on the State of Virginia">Notes on the State of Virginia</a> was perhaps the first influential domestic cultural critique by an American and a reaction to the prevailing European consensus that America's domestic originality was <a href="/wiki/Social_degeneration" title="Social degeneration">degenerate</a>.<a href="#cite_note-MJ-185">[178]</a> Prevalent ideas and ideals that evolved domestically, such as <a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_the_United_States" title="Public holidays in the United States">national holidays</a>, uniquely <a href="/wiki/Sports_in_the_United_States" title="Sports in the United States">American sports</a>, military tradition,<a href="#cite_note-186">[179]</a> and innovations in the arts and entertainment give a strong sense of <a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">national pride</a> among the population as a whole.<a href="#cite_note-187">[180]</a> American culture includes both <a href="/wiki/Conservatism" title="Conservatism">conservative</a> and <a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">liberal</a> elements, scientific and religious competitiveness, political structures, risk taking and free expression, materialist and moral elements. Despite certain consistent ideological principles (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Individualism" title="Individualism">individualism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egalitarianism" title="Egalitarianism">egalitarianism</a>, faith in freedom and <a href="/wiki/Democracy" title="Democracy">democracy</a>), the American culture has a variety of expressions due to its geographical scale and demographic diversity. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Diaspora">Diaspora</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Americans&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Diaspora">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/American_diaspora" class="mw-redirect" title="American diaspora">American diaspora</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_the_American_Diaspora_in_the_World_(Updated).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Map_of_the_American_Diaspora_in_the_World_%28Updated%29.svg/300px-Map_of_the_American_Diaspora_in_the_World_%28Updated%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Map_of_the_American_Diaspora_in_the_World_%28Updated%29.svg/450px-Map_of_the_American_Diaspora_in_the_World_%28Updated%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Map_of_the_American_Diaspora_in_the_World_%28Updated%29.svg/600px-Map_of_the_American_Diaspora_in_the_World_%28Updated%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2192" data-file-height="1135" /></a><figcaption>Map of the American diaspora in the world (includes people with American citizenship or children of Americans): <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend">  United States</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  + 1,000,000</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  + 100,000</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  + 10,000</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  + 1,000</div></figcaption></figure> Americans have migrated to many places around the world, including <a href="/wiki/Americans_in_Argentina" title="Americans in Argentina">Argentina</a>, <a href="/wiki/American_Australians" title="American Australians">Australia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Americans_in_Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="Americans in Brazil">Brazil</a>, <a href="/wiki/American_Canadians" title="American Canadians">Canada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Americans_and_Canadians_in_Chile" title="Americans and Canadians in Chile">Chile</a>, <a href="/wiki/Americans_in_China" title="Americans in China">China</a>, <a href="/wiki/Americans_in_Costa_Rica" title="Americans in Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Americans_in_France" title="Americans in France">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Americans_in_Germany" title="Americans in Germany">Germany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Americans_in_Hong_Kong" title="Americans in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Americans_in_India" title="Americans in India">India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Americans_in_Japan" title="Americans in Japan">Japan</a>, <a href="/wiki/American_immigration_to_Mexico" title="American immigration to Mexico">Mexico</a>, <a href="/wiki/American_New_Zealanders" title="American New Zealanders">New Zealand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Americans_in_Pakistan" title="Americans in Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, the <a href="/wiki/American_settlement_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="American settlement in the Philippines">Philippines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Americans_in_South_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="Americans in South Korea">South Korea</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Americans_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Americans in the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Americans_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Americans in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>. Unlike migration from other countries, United States migration is not concentrated in specific countries, possibly as a result of the roots of immigration from so many different countries to the United States.<a href="#cite_note-188">[181]</a> As of 2016<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Americans&action=edit">[update]</a>, there were approximately 9 million United States citizens living outside of the United States.<a href="#cite_note-189">[182]</a> As the result of U.S. tax and financial reporting requirements that apply to non-resident citizens, record numbers of American citizens renounced their U.S. citizenship in the decade from 2010 to 2020.<a href="#cite_note-190">[183]</a> In 2024 a new organization was created to lobby the U.S. Congress for relief from citizenship-based taxation that is often cited as the reason for the record renunciations.<a href="#cite_note-191">[184]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Americans&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_studies" title="American studies">American studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancestry_of_the_people_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancestry of the people of the United States">Ancestry of the people of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birthright_citizenship_in_the_United_States" title="Birthright citizenship in the United States">Birthright citizenship in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demonyms_for_the_United_States" title="Demonyms for the United States">Demonyms for the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deportation_of_Americans_from_the_United_States" title="Deportation of Americans from the United States">Deportation of Americans from the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyphenated_American" title="Hyphenated American">Hyphenated American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Making_North_America" title="Making North America">Making North America</a> (2015 PBS film)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stereotypes_of_Americans" title="Stereotypes of Americans">Stereotypes of Americans</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Americans&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> Of the foreign-born population from <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> (4,817 thousand), in 2010, 61.8% were naturalized.<a href="#cite_note-fbpACS2010-39">[39]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> Of the foreign-born population from <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a> (1,607 thousand), in 2010, 46.1% were naturalized.<a href="#cite_note-fbpACS2010-39">[39]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> Of the foreign-born population from <a href="/wiki/Northern_America" title="Northern America">Northern America</a> (807 thousand), in 2010, 44.3% were naturalized.<a href="#cite_note-fbpACS2010-39">[39]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> Of the foreign-born population from <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a> (11,284 thousand), in 2010, 57.7% were naturalized.<a href="#cite_note-fbpACS2010-39">[39]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a> Of the foreign-born population from <a href="/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania">Oceania</a> (217 thousand), in 2010, 36.9% were naturalized.<a href="#cite_note-fbpACS2010-39">[39]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a> Of the foreign-born population from Latin America and the Caribbean (21,224 thousand), in 2010, 32.1% were naturalized.<a href="#cite_note-fbpACS2010-39">[39]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a> '<a href="/wiki/Puerto_Ricans" title="Puerto Ricans">Puerto Rican</a>' is not a nationality, as Puerto Ricans are Americans. It is included here however as a distinct Latino cultural category. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Americans&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2020CENSUS-1"><a href="#cite_ref-2020CENSUS_1-0">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2021/2020-census-apportionment-results.htmlpid=2020CENSUS&src=pt">"Census Bureau's 2020 Population Count"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_census" title="United States census">United States census</a>. 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Retrieved August 12, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=US+citizens+in+rush+for+offshore+tax+advice&rft.date=2009-09-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcms%2Fs%2F0%2F09800986-9ca1-11de-ab58-00144feabdc0.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmericans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.state.gov/u-s-relations-with-hong-kong/">"U.S. Relations with Hong Kong"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201215114124/https://www.state.gov/u-s-relations-with-hong-kong/">Archived</a> from the original on December 15, 2020. 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Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life. <a href="/wiki/Pew_Research_Center" title="Pew Research Center">Pew Research Center</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130705151143/http://religions.pewforum.org/pdf/report-religious-landscape-study-full.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on July 5, 2013. Retrieved February 12, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pew+Forum+on+Religion+%26+Public+Life&rft.atitle=U.S.+Religious+Landscape+Survey&rft.date=2008-02&rft.au=Luis+Lug&rft.au=Sandra+Stencel&rft.au=John+Green&rft.au=Gregory+Smith&rft.au=Dan+Cox&rft.au=Allison+Pond&rft.au=Tracy+Miller&rft.au=Elixabeth+Podrebarac&rft.au=Michelle+Ralston&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Freligions.pewforum.org%2Fpdf%2Freport-religious-landscape-study-full.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmericans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nationals_and_citizens-15"><a href="#cite_ref-nationals_and_citizens_15-0">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Title_8_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 8 of the United States Code">8 U.S.C.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/8/1401">§ 1401</a>; <a href="/wiki/Title_8_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 8 of the United States Code">8 U.S.C.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/8/1408">§ 1408</a>; <a href="/wiki/Title_8_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 8 of the United States Code">8 U.S.C.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/8/1452">§ 1452</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-American_Somoans-16">^ <a href="#cite_ref-American_Somoans_16-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-American_Somoans_16-1">b</a> * <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/news/asian-america/u-s-nationals-born-american-samoa-sue-citizenship-n860721">"U.S. nationals born in American Samoa sue for citizenship"</a>. NBC News. Associated Press. March 28, 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180928134312/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/asian-america/u-s-nationals-born-american-samoa-sue-citizenship-n860721">Archived</a> from the original on September 28, 2018. Retrieved October 1, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=U.S.+nationals+born+in+American+Samoa+sue+for+citizenship&rft.date=2018-03-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fnews%2Fasian-america%2Fu-s-nationals-born-american-samoa-sue-citizenship-n860721&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmericans" class="Z3988"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMendoza2014" class="citation web cs1">Mendoza, Moises (October 11, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pri.org/stories/2014-10-11/how-weird-law-gives-one-group-american-nationality-not-citizenship">"How a weird law gives one group American nationality but not citizenship"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Public_Radio_International" title="Public Radio International">Public Radio International</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180401190852/https://www.pri.org/stories/2014-10-11/how-weird-law-gives-one-group-american-nationality-not-citizenship">Archived</a> from the original on April 1, 2018. Retrieved August 24, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+a+weird+law+gives+one+group+American+nationality+but+not+citizenship&rft.pub=Public+Radio+International&rft.date=2014-10-11&rft.aulast=Mendoza&rft.aufirst=Moises&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pri.org%2Fstories%2F2014-10-11%2Fhow-weird-law-gives-one-group-american-nationality-not-citizenship&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmericans" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> *<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cite.case.law/f3d/502/337/#p341">"Fernandez v. Keisler, 502 F.3d 337"</a>. Fourth Circuit. September 26, 2007. p. 341. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210830214914/https://cite.case.law/f3d/502/337/#p341">Archived</a> from the original on August 30, 2021. Retrieved June 8, 2021. <q>The INA defines 'national of the United States' as '(A) a citizen of the United States, or (B) a person who, though not a citizen of the United States, owes permanent allegiance to the United States.'</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fourth+Circuit&rft.atitle=Fernandez+v.+Keisler%2C+502+F.3d+337&rft.pages=341&rft.date=2007-09-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcite.case.law%2Ff3d%2F502%2F337%2F%23p341&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmericans" class="Z3988"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cite.case.law/f-supp-2d/599/772/#footnote_1_3">"Robertson-Dewar v. Mukasey, 599 F. Supp. 2d 772"</a>. U.S. District Court for the Western District of Texas. February 25, 2009. p. 779 n.3. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210830214920/https://cite.case.law/f-supp-2d/599/772/#footnote_1_3">Archived</a> from the original on August 30, 2021. Retrieved June 8, 2021. <q>The [INA] defines naturalization as 'conferring of nationality of a state upon a person after birth, by any means whatsoever.'</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+District+Court+for+the+Western+District+of+Texas&rft.atitle=Robertson-Dewar+v.+Mukasey%2C+599+F.+Supp.+2d+772&rft.pages=779+n.3&rft.date=2009-02-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcite.case.law%2Ff-supp-2d%2F599%2F772%2F%23footnote_1_3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmericans" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://definitions.uslegal.com/p/permanent-allegiance/">"Permanent Allegiance Law and Legal Definition"</a>. USLegal. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025124037/https://definitions.uslegal.com/p/permanent-allegiance/">Archived</a> from the original on October 25, 2012. Retrieved October 1, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Permanent+Allegiance+Law+and+Legal+Definition&rft.pub=USLegal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdefinitions.uslegal.com%2Fp%2Fpermanent-allegiance%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmericans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Citizen-19"><a href="#cite_ref-Citizen_19-0">^</a> * <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChristine_BarbourGerald_C_Wright2013" class="citation book cs1">Christine Barbour; Gerald C Wright (January 15, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=40dPkS2aRZEC&pg=PA31">Keeping the Republic: Power and Citizenship in American Politics, 6th Edition The Essentials</a>. CQ Press. pp. 31–33. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4522-4003-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4522-4003-9"><bdi>978-1-4522-4003-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230205053711/https://books.google.com/books?id=40dPkS2aRZEC&pg=PA31">Archived</a> from the original on February 5, 2023. Retrieved January 6, 2015. <q>Who Is An American? Native-born and naturalized citizens</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Keeping+the+Republic%3A+Power+and+Citizenship+in+American+Politics%2C+6th+Edition+The+Essentials&rft.pages=31-33&rft.pub=CQ+Press&rft.date=2013-01-15&rft.isbn=978-1-4522-4003-9&rft.au=Christine+Barbour&rft.au=Gerald+C+Wright&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D40dPkS2aRZEC%26pg%3DPA31&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmericans" class="Z3988"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShklar1991" class="citation book cs1">Shklar, Judith N. (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8n829DOw1PMC&pg=PA3">American Citizenship: The Quest for Inclusion</a>. The Tanner Lectures on Human Values. Harvard University Press. pp. 3–4. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780674022164" title="Special:BookSources/9780674022164"><bdi>9780674022164</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230205053711/https://books.google.com/books?id=8n829DOw1PMC&pg=PA3">Archived</a> from the original on February 5, 2023. Retrieved December 17, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+Citizenship%3A+The+Quest+for+Inclusion&rft.series=The+Tanner+Lectures+on+Human+Values&rft.pages=3-4&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=9780674022164&rft.aulast=Shklar&rft.aufirst=Judith+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8n829DOw1PMC%26pg%3DPA3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmericans" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSlotkin2001" class="citation journal cs1">Slotkin, Richard (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digitalcollections.wesleyan.edu/object/amstfp-8">"Unit Pride: Ethnic Platoons and the Myths of American Nationality"</a>. American Literary History. 13 (3). Oxford University Press: 469–498. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Falh%2F13.3.469">10.1093/alh/13.3.469</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3054557">3054557</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:143996198">143996198</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230313183514/https://digitalcollections.wesleyan.edu/object/amstfp-8">Archived</a> from the original on March 13, 2023. Retrieved March 13, 2023. <q>But it also expresses a myth of American nationality that remains vital in our political and cultural life: the idealized self-image of a multiethnic, multiracial democracy, hospitable to differences but united by a common sense of national belonging.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Literary+History&rft.atitle=Unit+Pride%3A+Ethnic+Platoons+and+the+Myths+of+American+Nationality&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=469-498&rft.date=2001&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A143996198%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3054557%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Falh%2F13.3.469&rft.aulast=Slotkin&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigitalcollections.wesleyan.edu%2Fobject%2Famstfp-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmericans" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEderGiesen2001" class="citation book cs1">Eder, Klaus; Giesen, Bernhard (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lL-FiY6xhfUC&pg=PA25">European Citizenship: Between National Legacies and Postnational Projects</a>. Oxford University Press. pp. 25–26. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199241200" title="Special:BookSources/9780199241200"><bdi>9780199241200</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230407094947/https://books.google.com/books?id=lL-FiY6xhfUC&pg=PA25">Archived</a> from the original on April 7, 2023. Retrieved February 1, 2013. <q>In inter-state relations, the American nation state presents its members as a monistic political body-despite ethnic and national groups in the interior.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=European+Citizenship%3A+Between+National+Legacies+and+Postnational+Projects&rft.pages=25-26&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=9780199241200&rft.aulast=Eder&rft.aufirst=Klaus&rft.au=Giesen%2C+Bernhard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlL-FiY6xhfUC%26pg%3DPA25&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmericans" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetersenNovakGleason1982" class="citation book cs1">Petersen, William; Novak, Michael; Gleason, Philip (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7Mkxdz_3d-oC&pg=PA62">Concepts of Ethnicity</a>. Harvard University Press. p. 62. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780674157262" title="Special:BookSources/9780674157262"><bdi>9780674157262</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230404205901/https://books.google.com/books?id=7Mkxdz_3d-oC&pg=PA62">Archived</a> from the original on April 4, 2023. Retrieved February 1, 2013. <q>To be or to become an American, a person did not have to be of any particular national, linguistic, religious, or ethnic background. All he had to do was to commit himself to the political ideology centered on the abstract ideals of liberty, equality, and republicanism. Thus the universalist ideological character of American nationality meant that it was open to anyone who willed to become an American.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Concepts+of+Ethnicity&rft.pages=62&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=9780674157262&rft.aulast=Petersen&rft.aufirst=William&rft.au=Novak%2C+Michael&rft.au=Gleason%2C+Philip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7Mkxdz_3d-oC%26pg%3DPA62&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmericans" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCharles_HirschmanPhilip_KasinitzJosh_Dewind1999" class="citation book cs1">Charles Hirschman; Philip Kasinitz; Josh Dewind (November 4, 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/handbookofintern00char">The Handbook of International Migration: The American Experience</a>. Russell Sage Foundation. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/handbookofintern00char/page/300">300</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61044-289-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61044-289-3"><bdi>978-1-61044-289-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Handbook+of+International+Migration%3A+The+American+Experience&rft.pages=300&rft.pub=Russell+Sage+Foundation&rft.date=1999-11-04&rft.isbn=978-1-61044-289-3&rft.au=Charles+Hirschman&rft.au=Philip+Kasinitz&rft.au=Josh+Dewind&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhandbookofintern00char&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmericans" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavid_Halle1987" class="citation book cs1">David Halle (July 15, 1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1KCdTkq56zoC&pg=PA233">America's Working Man: Work, Home, and Politics Among Blue Collar Property Owners</a>. University of Chicago Press. p. 233. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-226-31366-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-226-31366-5"><bdi>978-0-226-31366-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230205053712/https://books.google.com/books?id=1KCdTkq56zoC&pg=PA233">Archived</a> from the original on February 5, 2023. Retrieved October 16, 2015. <q>The first, and central, way involves the view that Americans are all those persons born within the boundaries of the United States or admitted to citizenship by the government.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=America%27s+Working+Man%3A+Work%2C+Home%2C+and+Politics+Among+Blue+Collar+Property+Owners&rft.pages=233&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1987-07-15&rft.isbn=978-0-226-31366-5&rft.au=David+Halle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1KCdTkq56zoC%26pg%3DPA233&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmericans" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetersenNovakGleason1982" class="citation book cs1">Petersen, William; Novak, Michael; Gleason, Philip (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7Mkxdz_3d-oC&pg=PA62">Concepts of Ethnicity</a>. Harvard University Press. p. 62. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780674157262" title="Special:BookSources/9780674157262"><bdi>9780674157262</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230404205901/https://books.google.com/books?id=7Mkxdz_3d-oC&pg=PA62">Archived</a> from the original on April 4, 2023. Retrieved February 1, 2013. <q>...from Thomas Paine's plea in 1783...to Henry Clay's remark in 1815... "It is hard for us to believe ... how conscious these early Americans were of the job of developing American character out of the regional and generational polaritities and contradictions of a nation of immigrants and migrants." ... To be or to become an American, a person did not have to be of any particular national, linguistic, religious, or ethnic background. All he had to do was to commit himself to the political ideology centered on the abstract ideals of liberty, equality, and republicanism. Thus the universalist ideological character of American nationality meant that it was open to anyone who willed to become an American.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Concepts+of+Ethnicity&rft.pages=62&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=9780674157262&rft.aulast=Petersen&rft.aufirst=William&rft.au=Novak%2C+Michael&rft.au=Gleason%2C+Philip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7Mkxdz_3d-oC%26pg%3DPA62&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmericans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLifshey2015" class="citation book cs1">Lifshey, Adam (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Z17rCgAAQBAJ">Subversions of the American Century: Filipino Literature in Spanish and the Transpacific Transformation of the United States</a>. University of Michigan Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Z17rCgAAQBAJ&dq=%22the+status+of+filipinos+in+the+philippines+as+american+nationals%22&pg=PA119">119</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-472-05293-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-472-05293-6"><bdi>978-0-472-05293-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230928160538/https://books.google.com/books?id=Z17rCgAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on September 28, 2023. Retrieved May 26, 2018. <q>the status of Filipinos in the Philippines as American nationals existed from 1900 to 1946</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Subversions+of+the+American+Century%3A+Filipino+Literature+in+Spanish+and+the+Transpacific+Transformation+of+the+United+States&rft.pages=119&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-472-05293-6&rft.aulast=Lifshey&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZ17rCgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmericans" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRick_Baldoz2011" class="citation book cs1">Rick Baldoz (February 28, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=J7QUCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA174">The Third Asiatic Invasion: Empire and Migration in Filipino America, 1898–1946</a>. NYU Press. p. 174. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8147-9109-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8147-9109-7"><bdi>978-0-8147-9109-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230923060630/https://books.google.com/books?id=J7QUCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA174">Archived</a> from the original on September 23, 2023. Retrieved May 28, 2018. <q>Recalling earlier debates surrounding Filipinos' naturalization status in the United States, he pointed out that U.S. courts had definitively recognized that Filipinos were American "nationals" and not "aliens".</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Third+Asiatic+Invasion%3A+Empire+and+Migration+in+Filipino+America%2C+1898%E2%80%931946&rft.pages=174&rft.pub=NYU+Press&rft.date=2011-02-28&rft.isbn=978-0-8147-9109-7&rft.au=Rick+Baldoz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJ7QUCgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA174&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmericans" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fam.state.gov/FAM/08FAM/08FAM030205.html">"8 FAM 302.5 Special Citizenship Provisions Regarding the Philippines"</a>. Foreign Affairs Manual. United States Department of State. May 15, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180719010406/https://fam.state.gov/FAM/08FAM/08FAM030205.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 19, 2018. Retrieved June 9, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Foreign+Affairs+Manual&rft.atitle=8+FAM+302.5+Special+Citizenship+Provisions+Regarding+the+Philippines&rft.date=2020-05-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffam.state.gov%2FFAM%2F08FAM%2F08FAM030205.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmericans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> Fiorina, Morris P., and Paul E. Peterson (2000). The New American Democracy. London: Longman, p. 97. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-321-07058-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-321-07058-5">0-321-07058-5</a>; </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> U.S. Census Bureau. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/population/foreign/about/faq.html">Foreign-Born Population Frequently asked Questions</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151117174325/https://www.census.gov/population/foreign/about/faq.html">Archived</a> November 17, 2015, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> viewed January 19, 2015. The U.S. Census Bureau uses the terms native and native born to refer to anyone born in Puerto Rico, American Samoa, Guam, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, or the U.S. Virgin Islands. </li> <li id="cite_note-DD-24">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DD_24-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-DD_24-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-DD_24-2">c</a> Adams, J.Q., and Pearlie Strother-Adams (2001). <a href="//archive.org/details/dealingwithdiver0000adam" class="extiw" title="iarchive:dealingwithdiver0000adam">Dealing with Diversity</a>. Chicago: Kendall/Hunt. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7872-8145-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-7872-8145-X">0-7872-8145-X</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-Society_in_Focus-25">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Society_in_Focus_25-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Society_in_Focus_25-1">b</a> Thompson, William, and Joseph Hickey (2005). Society in Focus. Boston: Pearson. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-205-41365-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-205-41365-X">0-205-41365-X</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> Holloway, Joseph E. (2005). Africanisms in American Culture, 2d ed. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, pp. 18–38. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-253-34479-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-253-34479-4">0-253-34479-4</a>. Johnson, Fern L. (1999). Speaking Culturally: Language Diversity in the United States. Thousand Oaks, California, London, and New Delhi: Sage, p. 116. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8039-5912-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-8039-5912-5">0-8039-5912-5</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-An2000-27">^ <a href="#cite_ref-An2000_27-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-An2000_27-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-An2000_27-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/prod/2004pubs/c2kbr-35.pdf">"Ancestry 2000"</a> (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. June 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20041204015245/https://www.census.gov/prod/2004pubs/c2kbr-35.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on December 4, 2004. Retrieved December 2, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ancestry+2000&rft.pub=U.S.+Census+Bureau&rft.date=2004-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fprod%2F2004pubs%2Fc2kbr-35.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmericans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/library/stories/2021/08/2020-united-states-population-more-racially-ethnically-diverse-than-2010.html">"The Chance That Two People Chosen at Random Are of Different Race or Ethnicity Groups Has Increased Since 2010"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Chance+That+Two+People+Chosen+at+Random+Are+of+Different+Race+or+Ethnicity+Groups+Has+Increased+Since+2010&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Flibrary%2Fstories%2F2021%2F08%2F2020-united-states-population-more-racially-ethnically-diverse-than-2010.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmericans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121225031832/https://www.census.gov/compendia/statab/2012/tables/12s0052.pdf">"Table 52. Population by Selected Ancestry Group and Region: 2009"</a> (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/compendia/statab/2012/tables/12s0052.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on December 25, 2012. Retrieved February 11, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Table+52.+Population+by+Selected+Ancestry+Group+and+Region%3A+2009&rft.pub=U.S.+Census+Bureau&rft.date=2009&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fcompendia%2Fstatab%2F2012%2Ftables%2F12s0052.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmericans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usa.gov/indian-tribes-alaska-native">"Federally recognized American Indian tribes and Alaska Native entities | USAGov"</a>. www.usa.gov. Retrieved April 5, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.usa.gov&rft.atitle=Federally+recognized+American+Indian+tribes+and+Alaska+Native+entities+%7C+USAGov&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usa.gov%2Findian-tribes-alaska-native&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmericans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJay_Tolson2008" class="citation news cs1">Jay Tolson (July 28, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2008/07/28/a-growing-trend-of-leaving-america">"A Growing Trend of Leaving America"</a>. <a href="/wiki/U.S._News_%26_World_Report" title="U.S. News & World Report">U.S. News & World Report</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121023170519/http://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2008/07/28/a-growing-trend-of-leaving-america">Archived</a> from the original on October 23, 2012. Retrieved December 17, 2012. <q>Estimates made by organizations such as the Association of Americans Resident Overseas put the number of nongovernment-employed Americans living abroad anywhere between 4 million and 7 million, a range whose low end is based loosely on the government's trial count in 1999.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=U.S.+News+%26+World+Report&rft.atitle=A+Growing+Trend+of+Leaving+America&rft.date=2008-07-28&rft.au=Jay+Tolson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usnews.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2008%2F07%2F28%2Fa-growing-trend-of-leaving-america&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmericans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121119013957/http://www.aaro.org/about-aaro/6m-americans-abroad">"6.32 million Americans (excluding military) live in 160-plus countries"</a>. Association of Americans Resident Overseas. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aaro.org/about-aaro/6m-americans-abroad">the original</a> on November 19, 2012. Retrieved December 17, 2012. <q>The total is the highest released to date: close to 6.32 million.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=6.32+million+Americans+%28excluding+military%29+live+in+160-plus+countries.&rft.pub=Association+of+Americans+Resident+Overseas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aaro.org%2Fabout-aaro%2F6m-americans-abroad&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmericans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.esquire.com/features/american-diaspora-1008">"The American Diaspora"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Esquire_(magazine)" title="Esquire (magazine)">Esquire</a>. Hurst Communications, Inc. September 26, 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121103233148/http://www.esquire.com/features/american-diaspora-1008">Archived</a> from the original on November 3, 2012. Retrieved December 17, 2012. <q>he most frequently cited estimate of nonmilitary U. S. citizens living overseas is between three and six million, based on a very rough State Department calculation in 1999—and never updated.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Esquire&rft.atitle=The+American+Diaspora&rft.date=2008-09-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.esquire.com%2Ffeatures%2Famerican-diaspora-1008&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmericans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2020CensusBreakdown-34">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2020CensusBreakdown_34-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-2020CensusBreakdown_34-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2021/08/13/1014710483/2020-census-data-us-race-ethnicity-diversity">"A Breakdown of 2020 Census Demographic Data"</a>. NPR. August 13, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211202152607/https://www.npr.org/2021/08/13/1014710483/2020-census-data-us-race-ethnicity-diversity">Archived</a> from the original on December 2, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NPR&rft.atitle=A+Breakdown+of+2020+Census+Demographic+Data&rft.date=2021-08-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2021%2F08%2F13%2F1014710483%2F2020-census-data-us-race-ethnicity-diversity&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmericans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/population/pop-profile/2000/chap16.pdf">"Our Diverse Population: Race and Hispanic Origin, 2000"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040715050055/https://www.census.gov/population/pop-profile/2000/chap16.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on July 15, 2004. 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Lorenz Educational Press. p. 37. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780787706036" title="Special:BookSources/9780787706036"><bdi>9780787706036</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230928160604/https://books.google.com/books?id=GuvsptYLFL4C&q=Jim%20Crow%20Laws%20Reconstruction%20African%20Americans&pg=PA37#v=snippet&q=Jim%20Crow%20Laws%20Reconstruction%20African%20Americans&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on September 28, 2023. 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The American Journal of Human Genetics. 96 (1): 37–53. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ajhg.2014.11.010">10.1016/j.ajhg.2014.11.010</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0002-9297">0002-9297</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4289685">4289685</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25529636">25529636</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+Journal+of+Human+Genetics&rft.atitle=The+Genetic+Ancestry+of+African+Americans%2C+Latinos%2C+and+European+Americans+across+the+United+States&rft.volume=96&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=37-53&rft.date=2015-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4289685%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=0002-9297&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25529636&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.ajhg.2014.11.010&rft.aulast=Bryc&rft.aufirst=Katarzyna&rft.au=Durand%2C+Eric+Y.&rft.au=Macpherson%2C+J.+Michael&rft.au=Reich%2C+David&rft.au=Mountain%2C+Joanna+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4289685&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmericans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarl_Zimmer2014" class="citation news cs1">Carl Zimmer (December 24, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/25/science/23andme-genetic-ethnicity-study.html">"White? 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Retrieved October 21, 2018. <q>The researchers found that European-Americans had genomes that were on average 98.6 percent European, .19 percent African, and .18 Native American.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=White%3F+Black%3F+A+Murky+Distinction+Grows+Still+Murkier&rft.date=2014-12-24&rft.au=Carl+Zimmer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2014%2F12%2F25%2Fscience%2F23andme-genetic-ethnicity-study.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmericans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAxelrod2003" class="citation book cs1">Axelrod, Alan (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=O4w2Vb2JzFUC&q=Chukchi%20people%20first%20americans&pg=PA4">The Complete Idiot's Guide to American History</a>. 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ABC-CLIO. p. 1. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781598844115" title="Special:BookSources/9781598844115"><bdi>9781598844115</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230928161025/https://books.google.com/books?id=BA_L6AyjsfUC&q=Paleoamericans%20migration&pg=PA1">Archived</a> from the original on September 28, 2023. 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Retrieved September 9, 2012. <q>genocide warfare europeans american indians.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+Indian+Holocaust+and+Survival%3A+A+Population+History+Since+1492&rft.series=Volume+186+of+Civilization+of+the+American+Indian+Series&rft.pages=49&rft.pub=University+of+Oklahoma+Press&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=9780806122205&rft.aulast=Thornton&rft.aufirst=Russell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Famericanindianho00thor_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmericans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKesselWooster2005" class="citation book cs1">Kessel, William B.; Wooster, Robert (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=laxSyAp89G4C">Encyclopedia Of Native American Wars And Warfare</a>. 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University of Oklahoma Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/americanindianho00thor_0/page/132">132</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780806122205" title="Special:BookSources/9780806122205"><bdi>9780806122205</bdi></a>. Retrieved September 9, 2012. <q>From whatever cause wars may be brought on, either between different Indian tribes or between indians and whites, they are very destructive, not only of the lives of the warriors engaged in it, but of the women and children also, often becoming a war of extermination.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+Indian+Holocaust+and+Survival%3A+A+Population+History+Since+1492&rft.series=Volume+186+of+Civilization+of+the+American+Indian+Series&rft.pages=132&rft.pub=University+of+Oklahoma+Press&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=9780806122205&rft.aulast=Thornton&rft.aufirst=Russell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Famericanindianho00thor_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmericans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120625185429/http://www.mchspa.org/body.htm">"Early History, Native Americans, and Early Settlers in Mercer County"</a>. 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Lonely Planet. p. 37. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781741047134" title="Special:BookSources/9781741047134"><bdi>9781741047134</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230928161032/https://books.google.com/books?id=KlMdC4X9oXAC&q=%22internal%20warfare%22%20native%20americans&pg=PA37">Archived</a> from the original on September 28, 2023. 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University of Massachusetts Press. p. 44. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781558494831" title="Special:BookSources/9781558494831"><bdi>9781558494831</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230928161033/https://books.google.com/books?id=24mIQuLBuN8C&q=Native%20American%20intermarriage&pg=PA44">Archived</a> from the original on September 28, 2023. 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November 1, 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111106065906/http://www.census.gov/newsroom/releases/archives/facts_for_features_special_editions/cb11-ff22.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 6, 2011. Retrieved September 9, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft.atitle=American+Indian+and+Alaska+Native+Heritage+Month%3A+November+2011&rft.date=2011-11-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fnewsroom%2Freleases%2Farchives%2Ffacts_for_features_special_editions%2Fcb11-ff22.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmericans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2010_Census_AA-123">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2010_Census_AA_123-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-2010_Census_AA_123-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/briefs/c2010br-02.pdf">"2010 United States Census statistics"</a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110429214029/http://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/briefs/c2010br-02.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on April 29, 2011. 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RACE – Universe: TOTAL POPULATION"</a>. 2008 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/19961227012639/https://www.census.gov/">Archived</a> from the original on December 27, 1996. Retrieved February 28, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=2008+American+Community+Survey+1-Year+Estimates&rft.atitle=B02001.+RACE+%E2%80%93+Universe%3A+TOTAL+POPULATION&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmericans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FFFCENSUS2011-125">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FFFCENSUS2011_125-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FFFCENSUS2011_125-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/newsroom/releases/archives/facts_for_features_special_editions/cb11-ff06.html">"Asian/Pacific American Heritage Month: May 2011"</a>. Facts for Features. U.S. Census Bureau. December 7, 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120908054957/http://www.census.gov/newsroom/releases/archives/facts_for_features_special_editions/cb11-ff06.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 8, 2012. Retrieved January 4, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Facts+for+Features&rft.atitle=Asian%2FPacific+American+Heritage+Month%3A+May+2011&rft.date=2011-12-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fnewsroom%2Freleases%2Farchives%2Ffacts_for_features_special_editions%2Fcb11-ff06.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmericans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShan_Li2013" class="citation news cs1">Shan Li (May 3, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.latimes.com/business/money/la-fi-mo-asian-american-poverty-20130502,0,7842601.story">"Asian Americans had higher poverty rate than whites in 2011, study says"</a>. Los Angeles Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130506045430/http://www.latimes.com/business/money/la-fi-mo-asian-american-poverty-20130502,0,7842601.story">Archived</a> from the original on May 6, 2013. Retrieved May 6, 2013. <q>In 2011, for example, nearly a third of Asians in the U.S. lived in the metropolitan regions around Los Angeles, San Francisco and New York.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Asian+Americans+had+higher+poverty+rate+than+whites+in+2011%2C+study+says&rft.date=2013-05-03&rft.au=Shan+Li&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fbusiness%2Fmoney%2Fla-fi-mo-asian-american-poverty-20130502%2C0%2C7842601.story&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmericans" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200212041712/http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/IPTable?_bm=y&-context=ip&-reg=ACS_2007_3YR_G00_S0201:031;ACS_2007_3YR_G00_S0201PR:031;ACS_2007_3YR_G00_S0201T:031;ACS_2007_3YR_G00_S0201TPR:031&-qr_name=ACS_2007_3YR_G00_S0201&-qr_name=ACS_2007_3YR_G00_S0201PR&-qr_name=ACS_2007_3YR_G00_S0201T&-qr_name=ACS_2007_3YR_G00_S0201TPR&-ds_name=ACS_2007_3YR_G00_&-tree_id=3307&-geo_id=31000US16980&-geo_id=31000US19100&-geo_id=31000US31100&-geo_id=31000US35620&-geo_id=31000US41740&-geo_id=31000US41860&-search_results=01000US&-format=&-_lang=en">"Selected Population Profile in the United States"</a>. 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The Times of Israel. October 23, 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180612144106/https://www.timesofisrael.com/israeli-palestinian-americans-could-share-new-middle-eastern-census-category/">Archived</a> from the original on June 12, 2018. Retrieved January 28, 2022. <q>This derives from a 1915 court ruling in Dow v. United States, in which a Syrian American, George Dow, appealed his being classified by the government as Asian. 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Commission on Asian Pacific American Affairs. State of Washington. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.capaa.wa.gov/documents/AchievementGapReport.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on November 3, 2010. 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Retrieved February 9, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Journal&rft.atitle=Asian-Americans+Are+Fastest-Growing+Minority+Population&rft.date=2011-11-03&rft.au=Nicole+Duran&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationaljournal.com%2Fpolitics%2Fasian-americans-are-fastest-growing-minority-population-20111101&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmericans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLienMary_Margaret_ConwayJanelle_Wong2004" class="citation book cs1">Lien, Pei-te; <a href="/wiki/Mary_Margaret_Conway" title="Mary Margaret Conway">Mary Margaret Conway</a>; Janelle Wong (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=o7ucGq1RZ-EC&q=%22asian%20americans%22%20perpetual%20foreigners&pg=PA7">The politics of Asian Americans: diversity and community</a>. Psychology Press. p. 7. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-93465-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-93465-7"><bdi>978-0-415-93465-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230928160607/https://books.google.com/books?id=o7ucGq1RZ-EC&q=%22asian%20americans%22%20perpetual%20foreigners&pg=PA7">Archived</a> from the original on September 28, 2023. Retrieved February 9, 2012. <q>In addition, because of their perceived racial difference, rapid and continuous immigration from Asia, and on going detente with communist regimes in Asia, Asian Americans are construed as "perpetual foreigners" who cannot or will not adapt to the language, customs, religions, and politics of the American mainstream.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+politics+of+Asian+Americans%3A+diversity+and+community&rft.pages=7&rft.pub=Psychology+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-415-93465-7&rft.aulast=Lien&rft.aufirst=Pei-te&rft.au=Mary+Margaret+Conway&rft.au=Janelle+Wong&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Do7ucGq1RZ-EC%26q%3D%2522asian%2520americans%2522%2520perpetual%2520foreigners%26pg%3DPA7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmericans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWu2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Frank_H._Wu" title="Frank H. Wu">Wu, Frank H.</a> (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/yellow00fran">Yellow: race in America beyond black and white</a>. <a href="/wiki/Basic_Books" title="Basic Books">Basic Books</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/yellow00fran/page/79">79</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-465-00640-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-465-00640-3"><bdi>978-0-465-00640-3</bdi></a>. Retrieved February 9, 2012. <q>asian americans perpetual foreigners.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Yellow%3A+race+in+America+beyond+black+and+white&rft.pages=79&rft.pub=Basic+Books&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-465-00640-3&rft.aulast=Wu&rft.aufirst=Frank+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fyellow00fran&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmericans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2010CensusNHOPI-140">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2010CensusNHOPI_140-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-2010CensusNHOPI_140-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-2010CensusNHOPI_140-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-2010CensusNHOPI_140-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-2010CensusNHOPI_140-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLindsay_HixsonBradford_B._HeplerMyoung_Ouk_Kim2012" class="citation web cs1">Lindsay Hixson; Bradford B. Hepler; Myoung Ouk Kim (May 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/briefs/c2010br-12.pdf">"The Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander Population: 2010"</a> (PDF). United States Census Bureau. United States Department of Commerce. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170724093631/https://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/briefs/c2010br-12.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on July 24, 2017. Retrieved September 11, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft.atitle=The+Native+Hawaiian+and+Other+Pacific+Islander+Population%3A+2010&rft.date=2012-05&rft.au=Lindsay+Hixson&rft.au=Bradford+B.+Hepler&rft.au=Myoung+Ouk+Kim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fprod%2Fcen2010%2Fbriefs%2Fc2010br-12.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmericans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.ed.gov/about/inits/list/asian-americans-initiative/what-you-should-know.pdf">"Fact Sheet:What You should Know About Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders (NHPI's)"</a> (PDF). White House Initiative on Asian Americans & Pacific Islanders (WHIAAPI). United States Department of Education. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120710142300/http://www2.ed.gov/about/inits/list/asian-americans-initiative/what-you-should-know.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on July 10, 2012. Retrieved September 11, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=White+House+Initiative+on+Asian+Americans+%26+Pacific+Islanders+%28WHIAAPI%29&rft.atitle=Fact+Sheet%3AWhat+You+should+Know+About+Native+Hawaiians+and+Pacific+Islanders+%28NHPI%27s%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.ed.gov%2Fabout%2Finits%2Flist%2Fasian-americans-initiative%2Fwhat-you-should-know.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmericans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FFAPI2011-143">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FFAPI2011_143-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FFAPI2011_143-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FFAPI2011_143-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FFAPI2011_143-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/newsroom/releases/archives/facts_for_features_special_editions/cb11-ff06.html">"Asian/Pacific American Heritage Month: May 2011"</a>. United States Census Bureau. United States Department of Commerce. April 29, 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120908054957/http://www.census.gov/newsroom/releases/archives/facts_for_features_special_editions/cb11-ff06.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 8, 2012. Retrieved September 11, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft.atitle=Asian%2FPacific+American+Heritage+Month%3A+May+2011&rft.date=2011-04-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fnewsroom%2Freleases%2Farchives%2Ffacts_for_features_special_editions%2Fcb11-ff06.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmericans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJon_M._Spencer2000" class="citation book cs1">Jon M. Spencer (August 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zq4UCgAAQBAJ&pg=PR1">The New Colored People: The Mixed-Race Movement in America</a>. NYU Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8147-8072-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8147-8072-5"><bdi>978-0-8147-8072-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230928161034/https://books.google.com/books?id=zq4UCgAAQBAJ&pg=PR1#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on September 28, 2023. Retrieved February 8, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Colored+People%3A+The+Mixed-Race+Movement+in+America&rft.pub=NYU+Press&rft.date=2000-08&rft.isbn=978-0-8147-8072-5&rft.au=Jon+M.+Spencer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dzq4UCgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPR1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmericans" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLoretta_I._WintersHerman_L._DeBose2003" class="citation book cs1">Loretta I. Winters; Herman L. DeBose (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=beNY-_ooPWoC&pg=PP1">New Faces in a Changing America: Multiracial Identity in the 21st Century</a>. SAGE. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7619-2300-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7619-2300-8"><bdi>978-0-7619-2300-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230928161535/https://books.google.com/books?id=beNY-_ooPWoC&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on September 28, 2023. 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May 12, 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190107064929/http://www.pewforum.org/2015/05/12/americas-changing-religious-landscape/">Archived</a> from the original on January 7, 2019. Retrieved May 12, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=America%27s+Changing+Religious+Landscape&rft.pub=The+Pew+Forum&rft.date=2015-05-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewforum.org%2F2015%2F05%2F12%2Famericas-changing-religious-landscape%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmericans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pewglobal.org/reports/display.php?ReportID=167">"U.S. Stands Alone in its Embrace of Religion"</a>. Pew Global Attitudes Project. December 19, 2002. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070208155508/http://pewglobal.org/reports/display.php?ReportID=167">Archived</a> from the original on February 8, 2007. Retrieved January 1, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pew+Global+Attitudes+Project&rft.atitle=U.S.+Stands+Alone+in+its+Embrace+of+Religion&rft.date=2002-12-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpewglobal.org%2Freports%2Fdisplay.php%3FReportID%3D167&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmericans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEck2002" class="citation book cs1">Eck, Diana (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/newreligiousamer00eckd">A New Religious America: the World's Most Religiously Diverse Nation</a>. HarperOne. p. 432. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-062159-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-062159-9"><bdi>978-0-06-062159-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+New+Religious+America%3A+the+World%27s+Most+Religiously+Diverse+Nation&rft.pages=432&rft.pub=HarperOne&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-06-062159-9&rft.aulast=Eck&rft.aufirst=Diana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnewreligiousamer00eckd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmericans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Global_Christianity-173"><a href="#cite_ref-Global_Christianity_173-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFANALYSIS2011" class="citation web cs1">ANALYSIS (December 19, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewforum.org/Christian/Global-Christianity-exec.aspx">"Global Christianity"</a>. Pewforum.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181226061838/http://www.pewforum.org/christian/global-christianity-exec.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on December 26, 2018. Retrieved August 17, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Global+Christianity&rft.pub=Pewforum.org&rft.date=2011-12-19&rft.au=ANALYSIS&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewforum.org%2FChristian%2FGlobal-Christianity-exec.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmericans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gallup2016religion-174"><a href="#cite_ref-Gallup2016religion_174-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNewport2016" class="citation news cs1">Newport, Frank (December 23, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.gallup.com/poll/200186/five-key-findings-religion.aspx">"Five Key Findings on Religion in the U.S."</a> Gallup. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170912113030/http://www.gallup.com/poll/200186/five-key-findings-religion.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on September 12, 2017. Retrieved April 5, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gallup&rft.atitle=Five+Key+Findings+on+Religion+in+the+U.S.&rft.date=2016-12-23&rft.aulast=Newport&rft.aufirst=Frank&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.gallup.com%2Fpoll%2F200186%2Ffive-key-findings-religion.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmericans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ARIS2008-175">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ARIS2008_175-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ARIS2008_175-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ARIS2008_175-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarry_A._Kosmin_and_Ariela_Keysar2009" class="citation web cs1">Barry A. Kosmin and Ariela Keysar (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/metro/documents/aris030609.pdf">"American Religious Identification Survey (ARIS) 2008"</a> (PDF). Hartford, Connecticut, US: Trinity College. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220122222558/https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/metro/documents/aris030609.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on January 22, 2022. Retrieved April 1, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=American+Religious+Identification+Survey+%28ARIS%29+2008&rft.place=Hartford%2C+Connecticut%2C+US&rft.pub=Trinity+College&rft.date=2009&rft.au=Barry+A.+Kosmin+and+Ariela+Keysar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-srv%2Fmetro%2Fdocuments%2Faris030609.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmericans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ciafact-176"><a href="#cite_ref-ciafact_176-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/united-states/">"CIA Fact Book"</a>. CIA World Fact Book. 2002. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230108075606/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/united-states/">Archived</a> from the original on January 8, 2023. Retrieved December 30, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CIA+Fact+Book&rft.pub=CIA+World+Fact+Book&rft.date=2002&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Funited-states%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmericans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pew-177"><a href="#cite_ref-Pew_177-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://religions.pewforum.org/pdf/affiliations-all-traditions.pdf">"Religious Composition of the U.S."</a> (PDF). U.S. Religious Landscape Survey. Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life. 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090506212506/http://religions.pewforum.org/pdf/affiliations-all-traditions.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on May 6, 2009. Retrieved May 9, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+Religious+Landscape+Survey&rft.atitle=Religious+Composition+of+the+U.S.&rft.date=2007&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Freligions.pewforum.org%2Fpdf%2Faffiliations-all-traditions.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmericans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-178"><a href="#cite_ref-178">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNewport,_Frank2008" class="citation web cs1">Newport, Frank (July 28, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gallup.com/poll/109108/Belief-God-Far-Lower-Western-US.aspx">"Belief in God Far Lower in Western U.S."</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Gallup_Organization" class="mw-redirect" title="The Gallup Organization">The Gallup Organization</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100828073931/http://www.gallup.com/poll/109108/belief-god-far-lower-western-us.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on August 28, 2010. Retrieved September 4, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Belief+in+God+Far+Lower+in+Western+U.S.&rft.pub=The+Gallup+Organization&rft.date=2008-07-28&rft.au=Newport%2C+Frank&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gallup.com%2Fpoll%2F109108%2FBelief-God-Far-Lower-Western-US.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmericans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><a href="#cite_ref-179">^</a> Feldman, Noah (2005). Divided by God. Farrar, Straus and Giroux, pg. 10 ("For the first time in recorded history, they designed a government with no established religion at all.") </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a> Marsden, George M. 1990. Religion and American Culture. Orlando: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, pp.45–46. </li> <li id="cite_note-181"><a href="#cite_ref-181">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarlos_E._Cortés2013" class="citation book cs1">Carlos E. Cortés (September 3, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VQ1zAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA220">Multicultural America: A Multimedia Encyclopedia</a>. SAGE Publications. p. 220. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4522-7626-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4522-7626-7"><bdi>978-1-4522-7626-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230928161535/https://books.google.com/books?id=VQ1zAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA220#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on September 28, 2023. Retrieved October 16, 2015. <q>The dominance of English and Anglo values in U.S. culture is evident in the country's major institutions, demonstrating the melting pot model.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Multicultural+America%3A+A+Multimedia+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=220&rft.pub=SAGE+Publications&rft.date=2013-09-03&rft.isbn=978-1-4522-7626-7&rft.au=Carlos+E.+Cort%C3%A9s&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVQ1zAwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA220&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmericans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-kirschbaum-182"><a href="#cite_ref-kirschbaum_182-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKirschbaum1986" class="citation book cs1">Kirschbaum, Erik (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JvUMAQAAMAAJ">The eradication of German culture in the United States, 1917–1918</a>. H.-D. Heinz. p. 155. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-88099-617-2" title="Special:BookSources/3-88099-617-2"><bdi>3-88099-617-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230928161536/https://books.google.com/books?id=JvUMAQAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on September 28, 2023. Retrieved September 27, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+eradication+of+German+culture+in+the+United+States%2C+1917%E2%80%931918&rft.pages=155&rft.pub=H.-D.+Heinz&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=3-88099-617-2&rft.aulast=Kirschbaum&rft.aufirst=Erik&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJvUMAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmericans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-183"><a href="#cite_ref-183">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeter_J._Parish1997" class="citation book cs1">Peter J. Parish (January 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DnQTAXf4NuIC&pg=PA276">Reader's Guide to American History</a>. Taylor & Francis. p. 276. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-884964-22-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-884964-22-0"><bdi>978-1-884964-22-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230928161537/https://books.google.com/books?id=DnQTAXf4NuIC&pg=PA276#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on September 28, 2023. Retrieved October 16, 2015. <q>However, France was second only to Britain in its influence upon the formation of American politics and culture.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reader%27s+Guide+to+American+History&rft.pages=276&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=1997-01&rft.isbn=978-1-884964-22-0&rft.au=Peter+J.+Parish&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDnQTAXf4NuIC%26pg%3DPA276&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmericans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-184"><a href="#cite_ref-184">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarilyn_J._ColemanLawrence_H._Ganong2014" class="citation book cs1">Marilyn J. Coleman; Lawrence H. Ganong (September 16, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=R3VpBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA775">The Social History of the American Family: An Encyclopedia</a>. SAGE Publications. p. 775. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4522-8615-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4522-8615-0"><bdi>978-1-4522-8615-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230928161540/https://books.google.com/books?id=R3VpBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA775#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on September 28, 2023. Retrieved October 16, 2015. <q>As the communities grew and prospered, Italian food, entertainment, and music influenced American life and culture.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Social+History+of+the+American+Family%3A+An+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=775&rft.pub=SAGE+Publications&rft.date=2014-09-16&rft.isbn=978-1-4522-8615-0&rft.au=Marilyn+J.+Coleman&rft.au=Lawrence+H.+Ganong&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DR3VpBAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA775&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmericans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-MJ-185">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MJ_185-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MJ_185-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nf22_zMVdqsC">"Mr. Jefferson and the giant moose: natural history in early America"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230404205911/https://books.google.com/books?id=nf22_zMVdqsC">Archived</a> April 4, 2023, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Lee Alan Dugatkin. University of Chicago Press, 2009. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-226-16914-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-226-16914-6">0-226-16914-6</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-226-16914-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-226-16914-9">978-0-226-16914-9</a>. University of Chicago Press, 2009. Chapter x. </li> <li id="cite_note-186"><a href="#cite_ref-186">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFM._D._R._EvansJonathan_Kelley2004" class="citation book cs1">M. D. R. Evans; Jonathan Kelley (January 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QwuLhMDUKdkC&pg=PA302">Religion, Morality and Public Policy in International Perspective, 1984–2002</a>. Federation Press. p. 302. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86287-451-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86287-451-0"><bdi>978-1-86287-451-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230928161616/https://books.google.com/books?id=QwuLhMDUKdkC&pg=PA302">Archived</a> from the original on September 28, 2023. Retrieved October 16, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Religion%2C+Morality+and+Public+Policy+in+International+Perspective%2C+1984%E2%80%932002&rft.pages=302&rft.pub=Federation+Press&rft.date=2004-01&rft.isbn=978-1-86287-451-0&rft.au=M.+D.+R.+Evans&rft.au=Jonathan+Kelley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQwuLhMDUKdkC%26pg%3DPA302&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmericans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-187"><a href="#cite_ref-187">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna13577802">"America tops in national pride survey finds"</a>. NBC News. Associated Press. June 27, 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200923115558/http://www.nbcnews.com/id/13577802/ns/us_news-life/t/america-tops-national-pride-survey-finds/#.VEiGMyLF-8A">Archived</a> from the original on September 23, 2020. Retrieved October 22, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=America+tops+in+national+pride+survey+finds&rft.date=2006-06-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fid%2Fwbna13577802&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmericans" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElizabeth_Theiss-Morse2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Theiss-Morse" title="Elizabeth Theiss-Morse">Elizabeth Theiss-Morse</a> (July 27, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=A2SXphY-DvIC&pg=PA133">Who Counts as an American?: The Boundaries of National Identity</a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 133. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-139-48891-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-139-48891-4"><bdi>978-1-139-48891-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230928161544/https://books.google.com/books?id=A2SXphY-DvIC&pg=PA133#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on September 28, 2023. Retrieved October 16, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Who+Counts+as+an+American%3F%3A+The+Boundaries+of+National+Identity&rft.pages=133&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2009-07-27&rft.isbn=978-1-139-48891-4&rft.au=Elizabeth+Theiss-Morse&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DA2SXphY-DvIC%26pg%3DPA133&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmericans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-188"><a href="#cite_ref-188">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDam2022" class="citation news cs1">Dam, Andrew Van (December 23, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2022/12/23/american-emigrants/">"Why have millions of Americans moved to these countries instead?"</a>. Washington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230215001422/https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2022/12/23/american-emigrants/">Archived</a> from the original on February 15, 2023. Retrieved April 4, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Why+have+millions+of+Americans+moved+to+these+countries+instead%3F&rft.date=2022-12-23&rft.aulast=Dam&rft.aufirst=Andrew+Van&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fbusiness%2F2022%2F12%2F23%2Famerican-emigrants%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmericans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-189"><a href="#cite_ref-189">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160616233331/https://travel.state.gov/content/dam/travel/CA_By_the_Numbers.pdf">"CA by the Numbers"</a> (PDF). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://travel.state.gov/content/dam/travel/CA_By_the_Numbers.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on June 16, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CA+by+the+Numbers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftravel.state.gov%2Fcontent%2Fdam%2Ftravel%2FCA_By_the_Numbers.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmericans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-190"><a href="#cite_ref-190">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWood" class="citation web cs1">Wood, Robert W. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/robertwood/2021/02/07/renouncing-american-citizenship-hits-all-time-record/">"Renouncing American Citizenship Hits All-Time Record"</a>. Forbes. Retrieved July 1, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=Renouncing+American+Citizenship+Hits+All-Time+Record&rft.aulast=Wood&rft.aufirst=Robert+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Frobertwood%2F2021%2F02%2F07%2Frenouncing-american-citizenship-hits-all-time-record%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmericans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-191"><a href="#cite_ref-191">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.taxfairnessabroad.org/blog/americans-abroad-launch-new-global-campaignnbspfor-independence-from-us-tax-discriminationnbsp">"Tax Fairness For Americans Abroad"</a>. Tax Fairness For Americans Abroad. Retrieved July 1, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tax+Fairness+For+Americans+Abroad&rft.atitle=Tax+Fairness+For+Americans+Abroad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.taxfairnessabroad.org%2Fblog%2Famericans-abroad-launch-new-global-campaignnbspfor-independence-from-us-tax-discriminationnbsp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmericans" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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title="Affluence in the United States">Affluence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_inequality_in_the_United_States" title="Gender inequality in the United States">Gender inequality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Educational_attainment_in_the_United_States" title="Educational attainment in the United States">Educational attainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emigration_from_the_United_States" title="Emigration from the United States">Emigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeownership_in_the_United_States" title="Homeownership in the United States">Home-ownership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Household_income_in_the_United_States" title="Household income in the United States">Household income</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_segregation_in_the_United_States" title="Housing segregation in the United States">Housing segregation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_the_United_States" title="Immigration to the United States">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Income_inequality_in_the_United_States" title="Income inequality in the United States">Income inequality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Language_Spoken_at_Home_in_the_United_States_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Language Spoken at Home in the United States of America">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_demographics_of_the_United_States" title="LGBT demographics of the United States">LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_middle_class" title="American middle class">Middle classes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_income_in_the_United_States" title="Personal income in the United States">Personal income</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_the_United_States" title="Poverty in the United States">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_inequality_in_the_United_States" title="Racial inequality in the United States">Racial inequality</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Race_and_health_in_the_United_States" title="Race and health in the United States">Race and health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_achievement_gap_in_the_United_States" title="Racial achievement gap in the United States">Racial achievement gap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_pay_gap_in_the_United_States" title="Racial pay gap in the United States">Racial wage gap</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_class_in_the_United_States" title="Social class in the United States">Social class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_of_living_in_the_United_States" title="Standard of living in the United States">Standard of living</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_unemployment_rate" title="List of U.S. states and territories by unemployment rate">Unemployment by state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Affluence_in_the_United_States" title="Affluence in the United States">Wealth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnocultural_politics_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnocultural politics in the United States">Ethnocultural politics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_United_States" title="Religion in the United States">By religion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith_in_the_United_States" title="Baháʼí Faith in the United States">Baha'is</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_the_United_States" title="Buddhism in the United States">Buddhists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_United_States" title="Christianity in the United States">Christians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_the_United_States" title="Catholic Church in the United States">Catholics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_Americans" title="Coptic Americans">Coptics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mormons" title="Mormons">Mormons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_the_United_States" title="Protestantism in the United States">Protestants</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_the_United_States" title="Hinduism in the United States">Hindus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jainism_in_the_United_States" title="Jainism in the United States">Jains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Jews" title="American Jews">Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_the_United_States" title="Islam in the United States">Muslims</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya_in_the_United_States" title="Ahmadiyya in the United States">Ahmadiyyas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five-Percent_Nation" title="Five-Percent Nation">Five Percenters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moorish_Science_Temple_of_America" title="Moorish Science Temple of America">Moorish Scientists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nation_of_Islam" title="Nation of Islam">Nation of Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nation_of_Islam" title="United Nation of Islam">Value Creators</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Native American religion">Native American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neopaganism_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Neopaganism in the United States">Neopagans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_the_United_States" title="Irreligion in the United States">Non-religious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rastafari_movement_in_the_United_States" title="Rastafari movement in the United States">Rastafaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientology_in_the_United_States" title="Scientology in the United States">Scientologists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_the_United_States" title="Sikhism in the United States">Sikhs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism_in_the_United_States" title="Zoroastrianism in the United States">Zoroastrians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States" title="Race and ethnicity in the United States">By continent and ethnic ancestry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans">African Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_diaspora_in_the_Americas" title="African diaspora in the Americas">African diaspora in the Americas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/West_Indian_Americans" title="West Indian Americans">Afro-Caribbean/West Indian Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antiguan_and_Barbudan_Americans" title="Antiguan and Barbudan Americans">Antiguan and Barbudan Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahamian_Americans" title="Bahamian Americans">Bahamian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbadian_Americans" title="Barbadian Americans">Barbadian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermudian_Americans" title="Bermudian Americans">Bermudian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Americans_(Dominica)" title="Dominican Americans (Dominica)">Dominican Americans (Dominica)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_West_Indian_Americans" title="Dutch West Indian Americans">Dutch West Indian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenadian_Americans" title="Grenadian Americans">Grenadian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_Americans" title="Haitian Americans">Haitian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaican_Americans" title="Jamaican Americans">Jamaican Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kittian_and_Nevisian_Americans" title="Kittian and Nevisian Americans">Kittian and Nevisian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucian_Americans" title="Saint Lucian Americans">Saint Lucian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stateside_Virgin_Islands_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="Stateside Virgin Islands Americans">Stateside Virgin Islands Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidadian_and_Tobagonian_Americans" title="Trinidadian and Tobagonian Americans">Trinidadian and Tobagonian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincentian_Americans" title="Vincentian Americans">Vincentian Americans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Black Hispanic and Latino Americans">Black Hispanic and Latino Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Indians_in_the_United_States" title="Black Indians in the United States">Black Indians</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_immigration_to_the_United_States" title="African immigration to the United States">African immigrants to the United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Africans_in_the_United_States" title="Central Africans in the United States">Central Africans in the United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cameroonian_Americans" title="Cameroonian Americans">Cameroonian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congolese_Americans" title="Congolese Americans">Congolese Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equatoguinean_Americans" title="Equatoguinean Americans">Equatoguinean Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabonese_Americans" title="Gabonese Americans">Gabonese Americans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fula_Americans" title="Fula Americans">Fula Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igbo_Americans" title="Igbo Americans">Igbo Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Africans_in_the_United_States" title="East Africans in the United States">East Africans in the United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean_Americans" title="Eritrean Americans">Eritrean Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Americans" title="Ethiopian Americans">Ethiopian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenyan_Americans" title="Kenyan Americans">Kenyan Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_Americans" title="Somali Americans">Somali Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Sudanese_Americans" title="South Sudanese Americans">South Sudanese Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_Americans" title="Sudanese Americans">Sudanese Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzanian_Americans" title="Tanzanian Americans">Tanzanian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugandan_Americans" title="Ugandan Americans">Ugandan Americans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Africans_in_the_United_States" title="Southern Africans in the United States">Southern Africans in the United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angolan_Americans" title="Angolan Americans">Angolan Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawian_Americans" title="Malawian Americans">Malawian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Americans" title="South African Americans">South African Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwean_Americans" title="Zimbabwean Americans">Zimbabwean Americans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Africans_in_the_United_States" title="West Africans in the United States">West Africans in the United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beninese_Americans" title="Beninese Americans">Beninese Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bissau-Guinean_Americans" title="Bissau-Guinean Americans">Bissau-Guinean Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Verdean_Americans" title="Cape Verdean Americans">Cape Verdean Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambian_Americans" title="Gambian Americans">Gambian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghanaian_Americans" title="Ghanaian Americans">Ghanaian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinean_Americans" title="Guinean Americans">Guinean Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivorian_Americans" title="Ivorian Americans">Ivorian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberian_Americans" title="Liberian Americans">Liberian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malian_Americans" title="Malian Americans">Malian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_Americans" title="Nigerian Americans">Nigerian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senegalese_Americans" title="Senegalese Americans">Senegalese Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leonean_Americans" title="Sierra Leonean Americans">Sierra Leonean Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togolese_Americans" title="Togolese Americans">Togolese Americans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_Americans" title="Yoruba Americans">Yoruba Americans</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Africans_in_the_United_States" title="North Africans in the United States">North Africans in the United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berber_Americans" title="Berber Americans">Berber Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_Americans" title="Algerian Americans">Algerian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_Americans" title="Libyan Americans">Libyan Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moroccan_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Moroccan American">Moroccan American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_Americans" title="Tunisian Americans">Tunisian Americans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_Americans" title="Coptic Americans">Coptic Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Americans" title="Egyptian Americans">Egyptian Americans</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans" title="Asian Americans">Asian Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Asian Hispanic and Latino Americans">Asian Hispanic and Latino Americans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Asians_in_the_United_States" title="Central Asians in the United States">Central Asia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Americans" title="Afghan Americans">Afghan Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pashtun_Americans" title="Pashtun Americans">Pashtun Americans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baloch_Americans" title="Baloch Americans">Baloch Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_Americans" title="Kazakh Americans">Kazakh Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_Americans" title="Kyrgyz Americans">Kyrgyz Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajik_Americans" title="Tajik Americans">Tajik Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmen_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkmen Americans">Turkmen Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uyghur_Americans" title="Uyghur Americans">Uyghur Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbek_Americans" title="Uzbek Americans">Uzbek Americans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_Americans" title="East Asian Americans">East Asia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Americans" title="Chinese Americans">Chinese Americans</a> <ul><li><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fuzhounese_Americans" title="Fuzhounese Americans">Fuzhounese Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakka_Americans" title="Hakka Americans">Hakka Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoklo_Americans" title="Hoklo Americans">Hoklo Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Americans" title="Hong Kong Americans">Hong Kong Americans</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Americans" title="Japanese Americans">Japanese Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Americans" title="Korean Americans">Korean Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Americans" title="Mongolian Americans">Mongolian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryukyuan_Americans" title="Ryukyuan Americans">Ryukyuan Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Americans" title="Taiwanese Americans">Taiwanese Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Americans" title="Tibetan Americans">Tibetan Americans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_Americans" title="South Asian Americans">South Asia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_Americans" title="Bangladeshi Americans">Bangladeshi Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_Americans" title="Bengali Americans">Bengali Americans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhutanese_Americans" title="Bhutanese Americans">Bhutanese Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Americans" title="Indian Americans">Indian Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_Americans" title="Bengali Americans">Bengali Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_Americans" title="Gujarati Americans">Gujarati Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Caribbean_Americans" title="Indo-Caribbean Americans">Indo-Caribbean Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Americans" title="Punjabi Americans">Punjabi Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhi_Americans" title="Sindhi Americans">Sindhi Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Americans" title="Tamil Americans">Tamil Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telugu_Americans" title="Telugu Americans">Telugu Americans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldivian_Americans" title="Maldivian Americans">Maldivian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_Americans" title="Nepalese Americans">Nepalese Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_Americans" title="Pakistani Americans">Pakistani Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Americans" title="Punjabi Americans">Punjabi Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhi_Americans" title="Sindhi Americans">Sindhi Americans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_Americans" title="Sri Lankan Americans">Sri Lankan Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Americans" title="Tamil Americans">Tamil Americans</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asian_Americans" title="Southeast Asian Americans">Southeast Asia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_Americans" title="Burmese Americans">Burmese Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karen_Americans" title="Karen Americans">Karen Americans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_Americans" title="Cambodian Americans">Cambodian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_Americans" title="Filipino Americans">Filipino Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hmong_Americans" title="Hmong Americans">Hmong Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_Americans" title="Indonesian Americans">Indonesian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iu_Mien_Americans" title="Iu Mien Americans">Iu Mien Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laotian_Americans" title="Laotian Americans">Laotian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Americans" title="Malaysian Americans">Malaysian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singaporean_Americans" title="Singaporean Americans">Singaporean Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_Americans" title="Thai Americans">Thai Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_Americans" title="Vietnamese Americans">Vietnamese Americans</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romani_Americans" title="Romani Americans">Romani Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Slovak_Gypsies_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Hungarian Slovak Gypsies in the United States">Hungarian Slovak Gypsies</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Eastern_Americans" title="Middle Eastern Americans">West Asia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Americans" title="Arab Americans">Arab Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahraini_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahraini Americans">Bahraini Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirati_Americans" title="Emirati Americans">Emirati Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Americans" title="Iraqi Americans">Iraqi Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordanian_Americans" title="Jordanian Americans">Jordanian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwaiti_Americans" title="Kuwaiti Americans">Kuwaiti Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Americans" title="Lebanese Americans">Lebanese Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omani_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="Omani Americans">Omani Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Americans" title="Palestinian Americans">Palestinian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatari_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="Qatari Americans">Qatari Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Americans" title="Saudi Americans">Saudi Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Americans" title="Syrian Americans">Syrian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_Americans" title="Yemeni Americans">Yemeni Americans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Americans" title="Armenian Americans">Armenian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_Americans" title="Assyrian Americans">Assyrian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_Americans" title="Azerbaijani Americans">Azerbaijani Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circassian_Americans" title="Circassian Americans">Circassian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chechen_Americans" title="Chechen Americans">Chechen Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Americans" title="Georgian Americans">Georgian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Americans" title="Iranian Americans">Iranian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Jews" title="American Jews">Jewish Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Americans" title="Israeli Americans">Israeli Americans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lezgin_Americans" title="Lezgin Americans">Lezgin Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_Americans" title="Kurdish Americans">Kurdish Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Americans" title="Turkish Americans">Turkish Americans</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/European_Americans" title="European Americans">Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White_Americans" title="White Americans">White Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Americans" title="Albanian Americans">Albanian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asturian_Americans" title="Asturian Americans">Asturian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Americans" title="Austrian Americans">Austrian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basque_Americans" title="Basque Americans">Basque Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Americans" title="Belarusian Americans">Belarusian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_Americans" title="Belgian Americans">Belgian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_Americans" title="Bosnian Americans">Bosnian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Americans" title="British Americans">British Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_Americans" title="Cornish Americans">Cornish Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Americans" title="English Americans">English Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manx_Americans" title="Manx Americans">Manx Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Americans" title="Scottish Americans">Scottish Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Americans" title="Welsh Americans">Welsh Americans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Americans" title="Bulgarian Americans">Bulgarian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_Americans" title="Catalan Americans">Catalan Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Americans" title="Croatian Americans">Croatian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_Americans" title="Cypriot Americans">Cypriot Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Americans" title="Czech Americans">Czech Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Americans" title="Dutch Americans">Dutch Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Americans" title="Estonian Americans">Estonian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Americans" title="Finnish Americans">Finnish Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Americans" title="French Americans">French Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cajuns" title="Cajuns">Cajuns</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galician_Americans" title="Galician Americans">Galician Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Americans" title="German Americans">German Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Americans" title="Greek Americans">Greek Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Americans" title="Hungarian Americans">Hungarian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Americans" title="Irish Americans">Irish Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Americans" title="Italian Americans">Italian Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italians_in_the_United_States_before_1880" title="Italians in the United States before 1880">before 1880</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_Americans" title="Latvian Americans">Latvian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liechtensteiner_Americans" title="Liechtensteiner Americans">Liechtensteiner Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Americans" title="Lithuanian Americans">Lithuanian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourgish_Americans" title="Luxembourgish Americans">Luxembourgish Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Americans" title="Macedonian Americans">Macedonian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maltese_Americans" title="Maltese Americans">Maltese Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldovan_Americans" title="Moldovan Americans">Moldovan Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_Americans" title="Montenegrin Americans">Montenegrin Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Americans" title="Polish Americans">Polish Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Americans" title="Portuguese Americans">Portuguese Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Americans" title="Romanian Americans">Romanian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Americans" title="Russian Americans">Russian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sammarinese_Americans" title="Sammarinese Americans">Sammarinese Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_and_Scandinavian_Americans" title="Nordic and Scandinavian Americans">Nordic and Scandinavian Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Danish_Americans" title="Danish Americans">Danish Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_Americans" title="Icelandic Americans">Icelandic Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Americans" title="Norwegian Americans">Norwegian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Americans" title="Swedish Americans">Swedish Americans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Americans" title="Serbian Americans">Serbian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Americans" title="Slovak Americans">Slovak Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenian_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="Slovenian Americans">Slovenian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Americans" title="Spanish Americans">Spanish Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Californios" title="Californios">Californios</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Americans" title="Swiss Americans">Swiss Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Americans" title="Ukrainian Americans">Ukrainian Americans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_whites" title="Non-Hispanic whites">Non-Hispanic whites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="White Hispanic and Latino Americans">White Hispanic and Latino Americans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abenaki" title="Abenaki">Abenaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache" title="Apache">Apache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piegan_Blackfeet" title="Piegan Blackfeet">Blackfeet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee" title="Cherokee">Cherokee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheyenne" title="Cheyenne">Cheyenne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chickasaw" title="Chickasaw">Chickasaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choctaw" title="Choctaw">Choctaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colville_people" title="Colville people">Colville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comanche" title="Comanche">Comanche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cree" title="Cree">Cree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crow_people" title="Crow people">Crow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houma_people" title="Houma people">Houma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iroquois" title="Iroquois">Iroquois</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cayuga_people" title="Cayuga people">Cayuga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohawk_people" title="Mohawk people">Mohawk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oneida_people" title="Oneida people">Oneida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onondaga_people" title="Onondaga people">Onondaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seneca_people" title="Seneca people">Seneca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuscarora_people" title="Tuscarora people">Tuscarora</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiowa" title="Kiowa">Kiowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenape" title="Lenape">Lenape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menominee" title="Menominee">Menominee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohave_people" title="Mohave people">Mohave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mission_Indians" title="Mission Indians">Mission Indians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cahuilla" title="Cahuilla">Cahuilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemehuevi" title="Chemehuevi">Chemehuevi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chumash_people" title="Chumash people">Chumash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cupe%C3%B1o" title="Cupeño">Cupeño</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumeyaay" title="Kumeyaay">Diegueño</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esselen_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Esselen people">Esselen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juane%C3%B1o" class="mw-redirect" title="Juaneño">Juaneño</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitanemuk" title="Kitanemuk">Kitanemuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luise%C3%B1o_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Luiseño people">Luiseño</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miwok" title="Miwok">Miwok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patwin" title="Patwin">Patwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomo_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Pomo people">Pomo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salinan_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Salinan people">Salinan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serrano_people" title="Serrano people">Serrano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suisun_people" title="Suisun people">Suisunes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohlone_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Ohlone people">Ohlone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Awaswas" title="Awaswas">Awaswas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalon_people" title="Chalon people">Chalon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chochenyo_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Chochenyo people">Chochenyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karkin_people" title="Karkin people">Karkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamyen_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamyen people">Tamyen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tataviam" title="Tataviam">Tataviam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongva_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Tongva people">Tongva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wappo" title="Wappo">Wappo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wintun" title="Wintun">Wintun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokuts" title="Yokuts">Yokuts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscogee" title="Muscogee">Muscogee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navajo" title="Navajo">Navajo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ojibwe" title="Ojibwe">Ojibwe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osage_Nation" title="Osage Nation">Osage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odawa" title="Odawa">Odawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paiute" title="Paiute">Paiute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pawnee_people" title="Pawnee people">Pawnee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pima_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Pima people">Pima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potawatomi" title="Potawatomi">Potawatomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puebloans" title="Puebloans">Pueblo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zia_people_(New_Mexico)" title="Zia people (New Mexico)">Zia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuni_people" title="Zuni people">Zuni</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quechan" title="Quechan">Quechan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salish_peoples" title="Salish peoples">Salish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seminole" title="Seminole">Seminole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shawnee" title="Shawnee">Shawnee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoshone" title="Shoshone">Shoshone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sioux" title="Sioux">Sioux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tohono_O%CA%BCodham" title="Tohono Oʼodham">Tohono Oʼodham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ute_people" title="Ute people">Ute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakama_Indian_Reservation" title="Yakama Indian Reservation">Yakama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaqui" title="Yaqui">Yaqui</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaska_Natives" title="Alaska Natives">Alaska Natives</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alaskan_Athabaskans" title="Alaskan Athabaskans">Alaskan Athabaskans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleut" class="mw-redirect" title="Aleut">Aleut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alutiiq" title="Alutiiq">Alutiiq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwich%27in" class="mw-redirect" title="Gwich'in">Gwich'in</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haida_people" title="Haida people">Haida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I%C3%B1upiat" title="Iñupiat">Iñupiat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsimshian" title="Tsimshian">Tsimshian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tlingit" title="Tlingit">Tlingit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yupik_peoples" title="Yupik peoples">Yupik</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Americans" title="Canadian Americans">Canadian Americans</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic and Latino Americans</a> <ul><li>Central America <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belizean_Americans" title="Belizean Americans">Belizean Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costa_Rican_Americans" title="Costa Rican Americans">Costa Rican Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guatemalan_Americans" title="Guatemalan Americans">Guatemalan Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honduran_Americans" title="Honduran Americans">Honduran Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicaraguan_Americans" title="Nicaraguan Americans">Nicaraguan Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panamanian_Americans" title="Panamanian Americans">Panamanian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvadoran_Americans" title="Salvadoran Americans">Salvadoran Americans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Americans" title="Cuban Americans">Cuban Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Americans" title="Dominican Americans">Dominican Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rican_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="Puerto Rican Americans">Puerto Rican Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Americans" title="Mexican Americans">Mexican Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chicano" title="Chicano">Chicanos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Mexican_Americans" title="Indigenous Mexican Americans">Indigenous Mexican Americans</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oceanian_Americans" title="Oceanian Americans">Oceania</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islander_Americans" title="Pacific Islander Americans">Pacific Islander Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chamorro_people" title="Chamorro people">Chamorro Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fijian_Americans" title="Fijian Americans">Fijian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Polynesian_Americans" title="French Polynesian Americans">French Polynesian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshallese_Americans" title="Marshallese Americans">Marshallese Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micronesian_Americans" title="Micronesian Americans">Micronesian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_Hawaiians" title="Native Hawaiians">Native Hawaiians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palauan_Americans" title="Palauan Americans">Palauan Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoan_Americans" title="Samoan Americans">Samoan Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongan_Americans" title="Tongan Americans">Tongan Americans</a></li></ul></li> <li>Americans of Euro Oceanic origin <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Americans" title="Australian Americans">Australian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Americans" title="New Zealand Americans">New Zealand Americans</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_Americans" title="Argentine Americans">Argentine Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivian_Americans" title="Bolivian Americans">Bolivian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Americans" title="Brazilian Americans">Brazilian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_Americans" title="Chilean Americans">Chilean Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_Americans" title="Colombian Americans">Colombian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecuadorian_Americans" title="Ecuadorian Americans">Ecuadorian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyanese_Americans" title="Guyanese Americans">Guyanese Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraguayan_Americans" title="Paraguayan Americans">Paraguayan Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_Americans" title="Peruvian Americans">Peruvian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surinamese_Americans" title="Surinamese Americans">Surinamese Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguayan_Americans" title="Uruguayan Americans">Uruguayan Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_Americans" title="Venezuelan Americans">Venezuelan Americans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Multiracial_Americans" title="Multiracial Americans">Multiethnic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Asians#United_States" title="Afro-Asians">Afro-Asian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amerasian" title="Amerasian">Amerasian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blaxican" title="Blaxican">Blaxican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cajuns" title="Cajuns">Cajuns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hapa" title="Hapa">Hapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Creole_people" title="Louisiana Creole people">Louisiana Creole people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melungeon" title="Melungeon">Melungeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulatto#United_States" title="Mulatto">Mulatto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Mexican_Americans" title="Punjabi Mexican Americans">Punjabi Mexican Americans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">People of the United States / Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_ancestry" title="American ancestry">American ancestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_ancestry" class="mw-redirect" title="Native American ancestry">Native American ancestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maps_of_American_ancestries" class="mw-redirect" title="Maps of American ancestries">Maps of American ancestries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_census" title="2010 United States census">2010 census</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_census" title="Race and ethnicity in the United States census">Race and ethnicity in the census</a></li></ul></li> <li>Births of U.S. states and territories by race/ethnicity</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_(EEO)" class="mw-redirect" title="Race and ethnicity (EEO)">Race and ethnicity in the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_the_United_States" title="Racism in the United States">Racism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="European_Americans" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:European_Americans" title="Template:European Americans"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:European_Americans" title="Template talk:European Americans"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:European_Americans" title="Special:EditPage/Template:European Americans"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="European_Americans" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/European_Americans" title="European Americans">European Americans</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Americans" title="Austrian Americans">Austrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Americans" title="Czech Americans">Czech</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Czech_South_Dakotan" class="mw-redirect" title="Czech South Dakotan">Czech South Dakotan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Texan" class="mw-redirect" title="Czech Texan">Czech Texan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Americans" title="German Americans">German</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amish" title="Amish">Amish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Texan" class="mw-redirect" title="German Texan">German Texan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Dutch" title="Pennsylvania Dutch">Pennsylvania Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Mennonite" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Mennonite">German Mennonites from Russia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Americans" title="Hungarian Americans">Hungarian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Ohioans" title="Hungarian Ohioans">Hungarian Ohioans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashubian_Americans" title="Kashubian Americans">Kashubian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liechtensteiner_Americans" title="Liechtensteiner Americans">Liechtensteiner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Americans" title="Polish Americans">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silesian_Americans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Silesian Americans (page does not exist)">Silesian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Texan_Silesian" title="Texan Silesian">Texan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Americans" title="Slovak Americans">Slovak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorbian_Americans" title="Sorbian Americans">Sorbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Americans" title="Swiss Americans">Swiss</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastern Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Americans" title="Armenian Americans">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_Americans" title="Azerbaijani Americans">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Americans" title="Belarusian Americans">Belarusian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lezgin_Americans" title="Lezgin Americans">Lezgin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chechen_Americans" title="Chechen Americans">Chechen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circassian_Americans" title="Circassian Americans">Circassian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cossack_Americans" title="Cossack Americans">Cossack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Americans" title="Georgian Americans">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalmyk_Americans" title="Kalmyk Americans">Kalmyk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Americans" title="Russian Americans">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rusyn_Americans" title="Rusyn Americans">Rusyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Americans" title="Ukrainian Americans">Ukrainian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northern Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Danish_Americans" title="Danish Americans">Danish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Americans" title="Estonian Americans">Estonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faroese_Americans" title="Faroese Americans">Faroese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Americans" title="Finnish Americans">Finnish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Findians" title="Findians">Findian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenlandic_Americans" title="Greenlandic Americans">Greenlandic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_Americans" title="Icelandic Americans">Icelandic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_Americans" title="Latvian Americans">Latvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Americans" title="Lithuanian Americans">Lithuanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Americans" title="Norwegian Americans">Norwegian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Dakotan" title="Norwegian Dakotan">Norwegian Dakotan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Minnesotan" title="Norwegian Minnesotan">Norwegian Minnesotan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1mi_Americans" title="Sámi Americans">Sámi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Americans" title="Swedish Americans">Swedish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southeast Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Americans" title="Albanian Americans">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_Americans" title="Bosnian Americans">Bosnian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Americans" title="Bulgarian Americans">Bulgarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_Americans" title="Cypriot Americans">Cypriot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Americans" title="Croatian Americans">Croatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Americans" title="Greek Americans">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosovan_Americans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosovan Americans (page does not exist)">Kosovan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Americans" title="Macedonian Americans">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldovan_Americans" title="Moldovan Americans">Moldovan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_Americans" title="Montenegrin Americans">Montenegrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Americans" title="Romanian Americans">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovene_Americans" title="Slovene Americans">Slovene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Americans" title="Serbian Americans">Serbian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Serbs_in_Alaska" class="mw-redirect" title="Serbs in Alaska">Alaskan Serbs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Americans" title="Turkish Americans">Turkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Americans" title="Yugoslav Americans">Yugoslav</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southern Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asturian_Americans" title="Asturian Americans">Asturian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basque_Americans" title="Basque Americans">Basque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canarian_Americans" title="Canarian Americans">Canarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_Americans" title="Catalan Americans">Catalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corsican_Americans" title="Corsican Americans">Corsican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galician_Americans" title="Galician Americans">Galician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Americans" title="Italian Americans">Italian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italians_in_the_United_States_before_1880" title="Italians in the United States before 1880">before 1880</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maltese_Americans" title="Maltese Americans">Maltese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Americans" title="Portuguese Americans">Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sammarinese_Americans" title="Sammarinese Americans">Sammarinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicilian_Americans" title="Sicilian Americans">Sicilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Americans" title="Spanish Americans">Spanish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_Americans" title="Belgian Americans">Belgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breton_Americans" title="Breton Americans">Breton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Americans" title="British Americans">British</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_Americans" title="Cornish Americans">Cornish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Americans" title="English Americans">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Americans" title="Dutch Americans">Dutch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_Dutch_language" title="Jersey Dutch language">Jersey Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Americans_in_Michigan" title="Dutch Americans in Michigan">Dutch Michigander</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Americans" title="French Americans">French</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acadians" title="Acadians">Acadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cajuns" title="Cajuns">Cajun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Canadian_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="French Canadian Americans">Canadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huguenots#North_America" title="Huguenots">Huguenot</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frisian_Americans" title="Frisian Americans">Frisian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Americans" title="Irish Americans">Irish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Traveller_Americans" title="Irish Traveller Americans">Irish Traveller</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="Luxembourg Americans">Luxembourgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manx_Americans" title="Manx Americans">Manx</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Occitan_Americans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Occitan Americans (page does not exist)">Occitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotch-Irish_Americans" title="Scotch-Irish Americans">Scots-Irish/Ulster Scots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Americans" title="Scottish Americans">Scottish</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walloon_Americans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walloon Americans (page does not exist)">Walloon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_Walloon" title="Wisconsin Walloon">Wisconsin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Americans" title="Welsh Americans">Welsh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other Europeans</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White_Americans" title="White Americans">White Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_whites" title="Non-Hispanic whites">Non-Hispanic whites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="White Hispanic and Latino Americans">White Hispanic and Latino</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melungeon" title="Melungeon">Melungeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tis_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Métis in the United States">Métis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Louisianians" title="French Louisianians">French Louisianian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alabama_Creole_people" title="Alabama Creole people">Alabama Creoles and Cajuns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle%C3%B1os_(Louisiana)" title="Isleños (Louisiana)">Isleños</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Creole_people" title="Louisiana Creole people">Louisiana Creole</a> <ul><li>Cajun</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creoles_of_color" title="Creoles of color">Creoles of color</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Canadian_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="French Canadian Americans">French Canadian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acadians" title="Acadians">Acadian</a></li> <li>Cajun</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By region</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White_Americans_in_California" title="White Americans in California">California</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=White_Americans_in_Los_Angeles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="White Americans in Los Angeles (page does not exist)">Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Americans_in_San_Francisco" class="mw-redirect" title="White Americans in San Francisco">San Francisco</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_people_in_Hawaii" title="White people in Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Southerners" title="White Southerners">White Southerners</a> <ul><li>Arkansas</li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Americans_in_Louisiana" title="White Americans in Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Americans_in_Maryland" title="White Americans in Maryland">Maryland</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans_navbox" title="Template:Hispanic and Latino Americans navbox"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans_navbox" title="Template talk:Hispanic and Latino Americans navbox"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans_navbox" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hispanic and Latino Americans navbox"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic and Latino Americans</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_articles_related_to_Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Index of articles related to Hispanic and Latino Americans">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_(ethnic_categories)" title="Hispanic and Latino (ethnic categories)">Hispanic and Latino</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latino_(demonym)" title="Latino (demonym)">Latino</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Demographics of Hispanic and Latino Americans">Demographics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North American</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Californios" title="Californios">Californio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Creole_people" title="Louisiana Creole people">Creoles of Louisiana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isle%C3%B1os_(Louisiana)" title="Isleños (Louisiana)">Isleño</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floridanos" title="Floridanos">Floridanos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Americans" title="Mexican Americans">Mexican</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Mexican_Americans" title="Punjabi Mexican Americans">Punjabi Mexican Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicano" title="Chicano">Chicano</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispanos_of_New_Mexico" title="Hispanos of New Mexico">Nuevomexicano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tejanos" title="Tejanos">Tejano</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Caribbean</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Americans" title="Cuban Americans">Cuban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Americans" title="Dominican Americans">Dominican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stateside_Puerto_Ricans" title="Stateside Puerto Ricans">Puerto Rican</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nuyorican" title="Nuyorican">Nuyorican</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central American</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Costa_Rican_Americans" title="Costa Rican Americans">Costa Rican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guatemalan_Americans" title="Guatemalan Americans">Guatemalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honduran_Americans" title="Honduran Americans">Honduran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicaraguan_Americans" title="Nicaraguan Americans">Nicaraguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panamanian_Americans" title="Panamanian Americans">Panamanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvadoran_Americans" title="Salvadoran Americans">Salvadoran</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South American<a href="#cite_note-D-192">[a]</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_Americans" title="Argentine Americans">Argentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivian_Americans" title="Bolivian Americans">Bolivian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Americans" title="Brazilian Americans">Brazilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_Americans" title="Chilean Americans">Chilean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_Americans" title="Colombian Americans">Colombian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecuadorian_Americans" title="Ecuadorian Americans">Ecuadorian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraguayan_Americans" title="Paraguayan Americans">Paraguayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_Americans" title="Peruvian Americans">Peruvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguayan_Americans" title="Uruguayan Americans">Uruguayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_Americans" title="Venezuelan Americans">Venezuelan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">European</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Americans" title="Spanish Americans">Spanish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asturian_Americans" title="Asturian Americans">Asturian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basque_Americans" title="Basque Americans">Basque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canarian_Americans" title="Canarian Americans">Canarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_Americans" title="Catalan Americans">Catalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galician_Americans" title="Galician Americans">Galician</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ethnic groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Asian Hispanic and Latino Americans">Asian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Black Hispanic and Latino Americans">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="White Hispanic and Latino Americans">White</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religious groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_among_Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Christianity among Hispanic and Latino Americans">Christians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean" title="History of the Jews in Latin America and the Caribbean">Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_American_Muslims" title="Hispanic and Latino American Muslims">Muslims</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By region</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hispanics_and_Latinos_in_Arizona" title="Hispanics and Latinos in Arizona">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispanics_and_Latinos_in_California" title="Hispanics and Latinos in California">California</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hispanics_and_Latinos_in_Los_Angeles" class="mw-redirect" title="Hispanics and Latinos in Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispanics_and_Latinos_in_San_Diego" title="Hispanics and Latinos in San Diego">San Diego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans_in_San_Francisco" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans in San Francisco">San Francisco</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispanics_and_Latinos_in_Colorado" title="Hispanics and Latinos in Colorado">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispanics_and_Latinos_in_Florida" title="Hispanics and Latinos in Florida">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispanics_and_Latinos_in_Maryland" title="Hispanics and Latinos in Maryland">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispanics_and_Latinos_in_Massachusetts" title="Hispanics and Latinos in Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispanics_and_Latinos_in_Nevada" title="Hispanics and Latinos in Nevada">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispanics_and_Latinos_in_New_Jersey" title="Hispanics and Latinos in New Jersey">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispanics_and_Latinos_in_New_Mexico" title="Hispanics and Latinos in New Mexico">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispanics_and_Latinos_in_New_York" title="Hispanics and Latinos in New York">New York</a></li> <li>Oregon <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hispanics_and_Latinos_in_Portland,_Oregon" title="Hispanics and Latinos in Portland, Oregon">Portland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispanics_and_Latinos_in_Texas" title="Hispanics and Latinos in Texas">Texas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hispanics_and_Latinos_in_Houston" title="Hispanics and Latinos in Houston">Houston</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispanics_and_Latinos_in_Utah" title="Hispanics and Latinos in Utah">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispanics_and_Latinos_in_Washington,_D.C." title="Hispanics and Latinos in Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stereotypes_of_Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Stereotypes of Hispanic and Latino Americans in the United States">Stereotypes in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans_in_politics" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans in politics">In politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans_in_the_United_States_Congress" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans in the United States Congress">In the United States Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_American_women_in_journalism" title="Hispanic and Latino American women in journalism">Women in journalism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-D-192"><a href="#cite_ref-D_192-0">^</a> The U.S. Census Bureau excludes Brazilian Americans from the "Hispanic or Latino" category. </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Hispanic_and_Latino_American_society" title="Category:Hispanic and Latino American society">Category</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Hispanic_and_Latino_American" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Hispanic and Latino American">Commons</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="African_Americans" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #d1eaeb;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:African_American_topics" title="Template:African American topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:African_American_topics" title="Template talk:African American topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:African_American_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:African American topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="African_Americans" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans">African Americans</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d1eaeb;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/African-American_history" title="African-American history">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_African-American_history" title="Timeline of African-American history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abolitionism_in_the_United_States" title="Abolitionism in the United States">Abolitionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_American_founding_fathers_of_the_United_States" title="African American founding fathers of the United States">African American founding fathers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afrocentrism" title="Afrocentrism">Afrocentrism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_slave_trade" title="Atlantic slave trade">Atlantic slave trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Codes_(United_States)" title="Black Codes (United States)">Black Codes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_cowboys" title="Black cowboys">Black cowboys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_genocide" class="mw-redirect" title="Black genocide">Black genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter" title="Black Lives Matter">Black Lives Matter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown_v._Board_of_Education" title="Brown v. Board of Education">Brown v. Board of Education</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children_of_the_plantation" title="Children of the plantation">Children of the plantation</a></li> <li>Civil Rights Acts <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1964" title="Civil Rights Act of 1964">1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voting_Rights_Act_of_1965" title="Voting Rights Act of 1965">Voting Rights Act of 1965</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1968" title="Civil Rights Act of 1968">1968</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement_(1865%E2%80%931896)" title="Civil rights movement (1865–1896)">Civil rights movement 1865–1896</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement_(1896%E2%80%931954)" title="Civil rights movement (1896–1954)">Civil right movement 1896–1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement" title="Civil rights movement">Civil rights movement 1954–1968</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Montgomery_bus_boycott" title="Montgomery bus boycott">Montgomery bus boycott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Browder_v._Gayle" title="Browder v. Gayle">Browder v. Gayle</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sit-in_movement" title="Sit-in movement">Sit-in movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Riders" title="Freedom Riders">Freedom Riders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_campaign" title="Birmingham campaign">Birmingham movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_on_Washington_for_Jobs_and_Freedom" title="March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom">March on Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Summer" title="Freedom Summer">Freedom Summer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selma_to_Montgomery_marches" title="Selma to Montgomery marches">Selma to Montgomery marches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Freedom_Movement" title="Chicago Freedom Movement">Chicago Freedom Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post%E2%80%93civil_rights_era_in_African-American_history" title="Post–civil rights era in African-American history">Post–civil rights era</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornerstone_Speech" title="Cornerstone Speech">Cornerstone Speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_African_communities" class="mw-redirect" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on African communities">COVID-19 impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dred_Scott_v._Sandford" title="Dred Scott v. Sandford">Dred Scott v. Sandford</a> (1857)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Negro" title="Free Negro">Free Negro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_people_of_color" title="Free people of color">Free people of color</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests" title="George Floyd protests">George Floyd protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Migration_(African_American)" title="Great Migration (African American)">Great Migration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Great_Migration_(African_American)" title="Second Great Migration (African American)">Second</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Great_Migration" title="New Great Migration">New</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exodusters" title="Exodusters">Exodusters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Barack_Obama" title="First inauguration of Barack Obama">Inauguration of Barack Obama 2009</a> / <a href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Barack_Obama" title="Second inauguration of Barack Obama">Inauguration of Barack Obama 2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Crow_laws" title="Jim Crow laws">Jim Crow laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_in_the_United_States" title="Lynching in the United States">Lynching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_African_Americans" title="Military history of African Americans">Military history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Million_Man_March" title="Million Man March">Million Man March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadir_of_American_race_relations" title="Nadir of American race relations">Nadir of American race relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Negro_Motorist_Green_Book" title="The Negro Motorist Green Book">The Negro Motorist Green Book</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partus_sequitur_ventrem" title="Partus sequitur ventrem">Partus sequitur ventrem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plantation_complexes_in_the_Southern_United_States" title="Plantation complexes in the Southern United States">Plantations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plessy_v._Ferguson" title="Plessy v. Ferguson">Plessy v. Ferguson</a> (1896)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_Amendments" title="Reconstruction Amendments">Reconstruction Amendments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_era" title="Reconstruction era">Reconstruction era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redlining" title="Redlining">Redlining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separate_but_equal" title="Separate but equal">Separate but equal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silent_Parade" title="Silent Parade">Silent Parade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_United_States" title="Slavery in the United States">Slavery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treatment_of_slaves_in_the_United_States" title="Treatment of slaves in the United States">Treatment of slaves</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulsa_race_massacre" title="Tulsa race massacre">Tulsa race massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underground_Railroad" title="Underground Railroad">Underground Railroad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_women%27s_suffrage_movement" title="African-American women's suffrage movement">Women's suffrage movement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d1eaeb;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/African-American_culture" title="African-American culture">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afrofuturism" title="Afrofuturism">Afrofuturism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_art" title="African-American art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_mecca" title="Black mecca">Black mecca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black-owned_business" title="Black-owned business">Businesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_dance" title="African-American dance">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_family_structure" title="African-American family structure">Family structure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_film" title="Black film">Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_folktales" title="African-American folktales">Folktales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_hair" title="African-American hair">Hair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harlem_Renaissance" title="Harlem Renaissance">Harlem Renaissance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Negro" title="New Negro">New Negro</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoodoo_(spirituality)" title="Hoodoo (spirituality)">Hoodoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juneteenth" title="Juneteenth">Juneteenth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwanzaa" title="Kwanzaa">Kwanzaa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_LGBT_community" class="mw-redirect" title="African-American LGBT community">LGBT community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_literature" title="African-American literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_music" title="African-American music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_musical_theater" title="African-American musical theater">Musical theater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_names" title="African-American names">Names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lift_Every_Voice_and_Sing" title="Lift Every Voice and Sing">Negro National Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_neighborhood" title="African-American neighborhood">Neighborhoods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_American_newspapers" title="African American newspapers">Newspapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soul_food" title="Soul food">Soul food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stereotypes_of_African_Americans" title="Stereotypes of African Americans">Stereotypes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_middle_class" title="African-American middle class">Middle class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_upper_class" title="African-American upper class">Upper class</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d1eaeb;;width:1%">Notable people</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Abernathy" title="Ralph Abernathy">Ralph Abernathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_Angelou" title="Maya Angelou">Maya Angelou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crispus_Attucks" title="Crispus Attucks">Crispus Attucks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Baldwin" title="James Baldwin">James Baldwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Bevel" title="James Bevel">James Bevel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_Bond" title="Julian Bond">Julian Bond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amelia_Boynton_Robinson" title="Amelia Boynton Robinson">Amelia Boynton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Bradley_(former_slave)" title="James Bradley (former slave)">James Bradley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_Moseley_Braun" title="Carol Moseley Braun">Carol Moseley Braun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Brooke" title="Edward Brooke">Edward Brooke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blanche_Bruce" title="Blanche Bruce">Blanche Bruce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Bunche" title="Ralph Bunche">Ralph Bunche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Carver" title="George Washington Carver">George Washington Carver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Chisholm" title="Shirley Chisholm">Shirley Chisholm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudette_Colvin" title="Claudette Colvin">Claudette Colvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Douglass" title="Frederick Douglass">Frederick Douglass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._E._B._Du_Bois" title="W. E. B. Du Bois">W. E. B. Du Bois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medgar_Evers" title="Medgar Evers">Medgar Evers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Farmer" title="James Farmer">James Farmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Highland_Garnet" title="Henry Highland Garnet">Henry Highland Garnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Garvey" title="Marcus Garvey">Marcus Garvey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Gray_(attorney)" title="Fred Gray (attorney)">Fred Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fannie_Lou_Hamer" title="Fannie Lou Hamer">Fannie Lou Hamer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimi_Hendrix" title="Jimi Hendrix">Jimi Hendrix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Jackson" title="Jesse Jackson">Jesse Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketanji_Brown_Jackson" title="Ketanji Brown Jackson">Ketanji Brown Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Jackson" title="Michael Jackson">Michael Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Jacobs" title="Harriet Jacobs">Harriet Jacobs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Jordan" title="Barbara Jordan">Barbara Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coretta_Scott_King" title="Coretta Scott King">Coretta Scott King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">Martin Luther King Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Lafayette" title="Bernard Lafayette">Bernard Lafayette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Lawson_(activist)" title="James Lawson (activist)">James Lawson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lead_Belly" title="Lead Belly">Huddie Ledbetter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lewis" title="John Lewis">John Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Lowery" title="Joseph Lowery">Joseph Lowery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_X" title="Malcolm X">Malcolm X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thurgood_Marshall" title="Thurgood Marshall">Thurgood Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toni_Morrison" title="Toni Morrison">Toni Morrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Moses_(activist)" title="Bob Moses (activist)">Bob Moses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diane_Nash" title="Diane Nash">Diane Nash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Obama" title="Michelle Obama">Michelle Obama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosa_Parks" title="Rosa Parks">Rosa Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Clayton_Powell_Jr." title="Adam Clayton Powell Jr.">Adam Clayton Powell Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Powell" title="Colin Powell">Colin Powell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Prosser" class="mw-redirect" title="Gabriel Prosser">Gabriel Prosser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Rainey" title="Joseph Rainey">Joseph Rainey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._Philip_Randolph" title="A. Philip Randolph">A. Philip Randolph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiram_R._Revels" title="Hiram R. Revels">Hiram Revels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Robeson" title="Paul Robeson">Paul Robeson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Sharpton" title="Al Sharpton">Al Sharpton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Shuttlesworth" title="Fred Shuttlesworth">Fred Shuttlesworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_Thomas" title="Clarence Thomas">Clarence Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmett_Till" title="Emmett Till">Emmett Till</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sojourner_Truth" title="Sojourner Truth">Sojourner Truth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Tubman" title="Harriet Tubman">Harriet Tubman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nat_Turner%27s_slave_rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Nat Turner's slave rebellion">Nat Turner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark_Vesey" title="Denmark Vesey">Denmark Vesey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._T._Vivian" title="C. T. Vivian">C. T. Vivian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Walker_(abolitionist)" title="David Walker (abolitionist)">David Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Booker_T._Washington" title="Booker T. Washington">Booker T. Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ida_B._Wells" title="Ida B. Wells">Ida B. Wells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Wilkins" title="Roy Wilkins">Roy Wilkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey" title="Oprah Winfrey">Oprah Winfrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Young" title="Andrew Young">Andrew Young</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitney_Young" title="Whitney Young">Whitney Young</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d1eaeb;;width:1%">Education, science and technology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_studies" title="Black studies">Black studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Black school">Black schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historically_black_colleges_and_universities" title="Historically black colleges and universities">Historically black colleges and universities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_inventors_and_scientists" title="List of African-American inventors and scientists">Inventors and scientists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_focused_on_African_Americans" title="List of museums focused on African Americans">Museums</a></li> <li>Women <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African-American_women_in_computer_science" title="African-American women in computer science">in computer science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_women_in_medicine" title="List of African-American women in medicine">in medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_women_in_STEM_fields" title="List of African-American women in STEM fields">in STEM fields</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d1eaeb;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religion_of_Black_Americans" title="Religion of Black Americans">Religion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African-American_Jews" title="African-American Jews">African-American Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_Muslims" title="African-American Muslims">Islam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_Muslims" title="American Society of Muslims">American Society of Muslims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nation_of_Islam" title="Nation of Islam">Nation of Islam</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_church" title="Black church">Black church</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azusa_Street_Revival" title="Azusa Street Revival">Azusa Street Revival</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Hebrew_Israelites" title="Black Hebrew Israelites">Black Hebrew Israelites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_theology" title="Black theology">Black theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctrine_of_Father_Divine" class="mw-redirect" title="Doctrine of Father Divine">Doctrine of Father Divine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d1eaeb;;width:1%">Political movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_anarchism" title="Black anarchism">Anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Back-to-Africa_movement" title="Back-to-Africa movement">Back-to-Africa movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_power" title="Black power">Black power</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_power_movement" title="Black power movement">Movement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_capitalism" title="Black capitalism">Capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_conservatism" title="Black conservatism">Conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_leftism" title="African-American leftism">Leftism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Africanism" title="Pan-Africanism">Pan-Africanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_populism" title="Black populism">Populism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raised_fist" title="Raised fist">Raised fist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_self-determination" title="African-American self-determination">Self-determination</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_nationalism" title="Black nationalism">Nationalism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_socialism" title="African-American socialism">Socialism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d1eaeb;;width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Civic and economic groups</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Association_for_the_Study_of_African_American_Life_and_History" title="Association for the Study of African American Life and History">Association for the Study of African American Life and History (ASALH)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Panther_Party" title="Black Panther Party">Black Panther Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Racial_Equality" title="Congress of Racial Equality">Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NAACP" title="NAACP">National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nashville_Student_Movement" title="Nashville Student Movement">Nashville Student Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Black_Chamber_of_Commerce" title="National Black Chamber of Commerce">National Black Chamber of Commerce (NBCC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Council_of_Negro_Women" title="National Council of Negro Women">National Council of Negro Women (NCNW)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Pan-Hellenic_Council" title="National Pan-Hellenic Council">National Pan-Hellenic Council (NPHC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Urban_League" title="National Urban League">National Urban League (NUL)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Christian_Leadership_Conference" title="Southern Christian Leadership Conference">Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Student_Nonviolent_Coordinating_Committee" title="Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee">Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thurgood_Marshall_College_Fund" title="Thurgood Marshall College Fund">Thurgood Marshall College Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNCF" title="UNCF">United Negro College Fund (UNCF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Negro_Improvement_Association_and_African_Communities_League" title="Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League">Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League (UNIA-ACL)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d1eaeb;;width:1%">Sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Negro_league_baseball" title="Negro league baseball">Negro league baseball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_color_line" title="Baseball color line">Baseball color line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_players_in_professional_American_football" title="Black players in professional American football">Black players in professional American football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_black_starting_NFL_quarterbacks" title="List of black starting NFL quarterbacks">Black NFL quarterbacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_players_in_ice_hockey" title="Black players in ice hockey">Black players in ice hockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali" title="Muhammad Ali">Muhammad Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Ashe" title="Arthur Ashe">Arthur Ashe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Johnson_(boxer)" title="Jack Johnson (boxer)">Jack Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Louis" title="Joe Louis">Joe Louis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Owens" title="Jesse Owens">Jesse Owens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackie_Robinson" title="Jackie Robinson">Jackie Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serena_Williams" title="Serena Williams">Serena Williams</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Athletic associations and conferences</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Intercollegiate_Athletic_Association" title="Central Intercollegiate Athletic Association">Central (CIAA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mid-Eastern_Athletic_Conference" title="Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference">Mid-Eastern (MEAC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Intercollegiate_Athletic_Conference" title="Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Conference">Southern (SIAC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwestern_Athletic_Conference" title="Southwestern Athletic Conference">Southwestern (SWAC)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d1eaeb;;width:1%">Ethnic subdivisions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>By African descent <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fula_Americans" title="Fula Americans">Fula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gullah" title="Gullah">Gullah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igbo_Americans" title="Igbo Americans">Igbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_Americans" title="Yoruba Americans">Yoruba</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alabama_Creole_people" title="Alabama Creole people">Alabama Creole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Indians_in_the_United_States" title="Black Indians in the United States">Black Indians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Seminoles" title="Black Seminoles">Black Seminoles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_freedmen_controversy" title="Cherokee freedmen controversy">Cherokee freedmen controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choctaw_freedmen" title="Choctaw freedmen">Choctaw freedmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creek_Freedmen" title="Creek Freedmen">Creek Freedmen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Southerners" title="Black Southerners">Black Southerners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blaxican" title="Blaxican">Blaxicans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Dismal_Swamp_maroons" title="Great Dismal Swamp maroons">Great Dismal Swamp maroons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Creole_people" title="Louisiana Creole people">Louisiana Creole</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Creoles_of_color" title="Creoles of color">of color</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melungeon" title="Melungeon">Melungeon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d1eaeb;;width:1%">Demographics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African-American_neighborhood" title="African-American neighborhood">Neighborhoods</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_neighborhoods" title="List of African-American neighborhoods">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._cities_with_large_Black_populations" title="List of U.S. cities with large Black populations">U.S. cities with large populations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._communities_with_African-American_majority_populations_in_2000" title="List of U.S. communities with African-American majority populations in 2000">2000 majorities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._communities_with_African-American_majority_populations_in_2010" title="List of U.S. communities with African-American majority populations in 2010">2010 majorities</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._metropolitan_areas_with_large_African-American_populations" title="List of U.S. metropolitan areas with large African-American populations">Metropolitan areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_African-American_population" title="List of U.S. states and territories by African-American population">States and territories</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d1eaeb;;width:1%">Languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Seminole_Creole" title="Afro-Seminole Creole">Afro-Seminole Creole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Sign_Language" title="American Sign Language">American Sign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_American_Sign_Language" title="Black American Sign Language">Black American Sign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">American English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_English" title="African-American English">African-American English</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African-American_Vernacular_English" title="African-American Vernacular English">African-American Vernacular English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_Vernacular_English_and_social_context" title="African-American Vernacular English and social context">social context</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gullah_language" title="Gullah language">Gullah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Creole" title="Louisiana Creole">Louisiana Creole</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d1eaeb;;width:1%">By state/city</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Alabama" title="African Americans in Alabama">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Arkansas" title="African Americans in Arkansas">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_California" title="African Americans in California">California</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Los_Angeles" title="History of African Americans in Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_San_Francisco" title="African Americans in San Francisco">San Francisco</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Cleveland" class="mw-redirect" title="African Americans in Cleveland">Cleveland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Florida" title="African Americans in Florida">Florida</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Jacksonville" title="History of African Americans in Jacksonville">Jacksonville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Tallahassee,_Florida#Black_history" title="History of Tallahassee, Florida">Tallahassee</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Georgia" title="African Americans in Georgia">Georgia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Atlanta" title="African Americans in Atlanta">Atlanta</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Africans_in_Hawaii" title="Africans in Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Illinois" title="African Americans in Illinois">Illinois</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Chicago" title="History of African Americans in Chicago">Chicago</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Indiana" class="mw-redirect" title="African Americans in Indiana">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Iowa" class="mw-redirect" title="African Americans in Iowa">Iowa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Davenport,_Iowa" title="African Americans in Davenport, Iowa">Davenport</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Kansas" class="mw-redirect" title="History of African Americans in Kansas">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Kentucky" title="History of African Americans in Kentucky">Kentucky</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African-American_neighborhoods_in_Lexington,_Kentucky" title="African-American neighborhoods in Lexington, Kentucky">Lexington</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Louisiana" title="African Americans in Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Maryland" title="African Americans in Maryland">Maryland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Baltimore" title="History of African Americans in Baltimore">Baltimore</a></li></ul></li> <li>Massachusetts <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Boston" title="History of African Americans in Boston">Boston</a></li></ul></li> <li>Michigan <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Detroit" title="History of African Americans in Detroit">Detroit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Mississippi" title="African Americans in Mississippi">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_American_history_of_Nebraska" class="mw-redirect" title="African American history of Nebraska">Nebraska</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Omaha,_Nebraska" title="African Americans in Omaha, Nebraska">Omaha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_New_Jersey" title="African Americans in New Jersey">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="African Americans in New York">New York</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_New_York_City" title="African Americans in New York City">New York City</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_North_Carolina" title="African Americans in North Carolina">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Ohio" title="African Americans in Ohio">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Oklahoma" title="African Americans in Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Oregon" title="African Americans in Oregon">Oregon</a></li> <li>Pennsylvania <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Philadelphia" title="History of African Americans in Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afro%E2%80%93Puerto_Ricans" title="Afro–Puerto Ricans">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_South_Carolina" title="African Americans in South Carolina">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_South_Dakota" title="African Americans in South Dakota">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Tennessee" title="African Americans in Tennessee">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Texas" title="History of African Americans in Texas">Texas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Austin" title="History of African Americans in Austin">Austin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Dallas%E2%80%93Fort_Worth" title="History of African Americans in Dallas–Fort Worth">Dallas–Fort Worth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Houston" title="History of African Americans in Houston">Houston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_San_Antonio" title="History of African Americans in San Antonio">San Antonio</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Utah" title="History of African Americans in Utah">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Virginia" title="African Americans in Virginia">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_West_Virginia" title="African Americans in West Virginia">West Virginia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d1eaeb;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/African-American_diaspora" title="African-American diaspora">Diaspora</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Africa" title="African Americans in Africa">Africa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gambian_Creole_people" title="Gambian Creole people">Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Ghana" title="African Americans in Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Americo-Liberian_people" title="Americo-Liberian people">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone_Creole_people" title="Sierra Leone Creole people">Sierra Leone</a></li></ul></li> <li>America <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Nova_Scotians" title="Black Nova Scotians">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saman%C3%A1_Americans" title="Samaná Americans">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_emigration" title="Haitian emigration">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mascogos" title="Mascogos">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merikins" title="Merikins">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Israel" title="African Americans in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li>Europe <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_France" title="African Americans in France">France</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d1eaeb;;width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_African_Americans" title="Lists of African Americans">African Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_activists" title="List of African-American activists">Activists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_actors" title="List of African-American actors">Actors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_astronauts" title="List of African-American astronauts">Astronauts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_billionaires" title="Black billionaires">Billionaires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African_American_journalists" title="List of African American journalists">Journalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_jurists" class="mw-redirect" title="List of African-American jurists">Jurists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_mathematicians" title="List of African-American mathematicians">Mathematicians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_Republicans" title="List of African-American Republicans">Republicans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_singers" title="List of African-American singers">Singers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African_American_sportspeople" title="List of African American sportspeople">Sportspeople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spingarn_Medal" title="Spingarn Medal">Spingarn Medal winners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_United_States_Cabinet_members" title="List of African-American United States Cabinet members">US cabinet members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_United_States_representatives" title="List of African-American United States representatives">US representatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_United_States_senators" title="List of African-American United States senators">US senators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_visual_artists" title="List of African-American visual artists">Visual artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_writers" title="List of African-American writers">Writers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_firsts" class="mw-redirect" title="List of African-American firsts">African-American firsts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_first_African-American_mayors" title="List of first African-American mayors">Mayors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_sports_firsts" title="List of African-American sports firsts">Sports firsts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_U.S._state_firsts" title="List of African-American U.S. state firsts">US state firsts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_historic_places" title="List of African-American historic places">Historic places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_articles_related_to_African_Americans" title="Index of articles related to African Americans">Index of related articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_landmark_African-American_legislation" title="List of landmark African-American legislation">Landmark African-American legislation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lynching_victims_in_the_United_States" title="List of lynching victims in the United States">Lynching victims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monuments_to_African_Americans" title="List of monuments to African Americans">Monuments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_neighborhoods" title="List of African-American neighborhoods">Neighborhoods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_topics_related_to_the_African_diaspora" title="List of topics related to the African diaspora">Topics related to the African diaspora</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: #d1eaeb;;font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:African-American_society" title="Category:African-American society">Category</a></li> <li><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="African_immigration_to_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:African_immigration_to_the_United_States" title="Template:African immigration to the United States"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:African_immigration_to_the_United_States" title="Template talk:African immigration to the United States"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:African_immigration_to_the_United_States" title="Special:EditPage/Template:African immigration to the United States"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="African_immigration_to_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/African_immigration_to_the_United_States" title="African immigration to the United States">African immigration to the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/North_Africans_in_the_United_States" title="North Africans in the United States">North Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_Americans" title="Algerian Americans">Algerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canarian_Americans" title="Canarian Americans">Canarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Americans" title="Egyptian Americans">Egyptian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_Americans" title="Libyan Americans">Libyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moroccan_Americans" title="Moroccan Americans">Moroccan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_Americans" title="Tunisian Americans">Tunisian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans">Sub-Saharan Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_Africans_in_the_United_States" title="Central Africans in the United States">Central Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cameroonian_Americans" title="Cameroonian Americans">Cameroonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congolese_Americans" title="Congolese Americans">Congolese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equatoguinean_Americans" title="Equatoguinean Americans">Equatoguinean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabonese_Americans" title="Gabonese Americans">Gabonese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Africans_in_the_United_States" title="East Africans in the United States">East Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean_Americans" title="Eritrean Americans">Eritrean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Americans" title="Ethiopian Americans">Ethiopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenyan_Americans" title="Kenyan Americans">Kenyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_Americans" title="Somali Americans">Somali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Sudanese_Americans" title="South Sudanese Americans">South Sudanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_Americans" title="Sudanese Americans">Sudanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzanian_Americans" title="Tanzanian Americans">Tanzanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugandan_Americans" title="Ugandan Americans">Ugandan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Africans_in_the_United_States" title="Southern Africans in the United States">Southern Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angolan_Americans" title="Angolan Americans">Angolan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawian_Americans" title="Malawian Americans">Malawian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Americans" title="South African Americans">South African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwean_Americans" title="Zimbabwean Americans">Zimbabwean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/West_Africans_in_the_United_States" title="West Africans in the United States">West Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beninese_Americans" title="Beninese Americans">Beninese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bissau-Guinean_Americans" title="Bissau-Guinean Americans">Bissau-Guinean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Verdean_Americans" title="Cape Verdean Americans">Cape Verdean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambian_Americans" title="Gambian Americans">Gambian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghanaian_Americans" title="Ghanaian Americans">Ghanaian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinean_Americans" title="Guinean Americans">Guinean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivorian_Americans" title="Ivorian Americans">Ivorian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberian_Americans" title="Liberian Americans">Liberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malian_Americans" title="Malian Americans">Malian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritanian_Americans" title="Mauritanian Americans">Mauritanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_Americans" title="Nigerian Americans">Nigerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senegalese_Americans" title="Senegalese Americans">Senegalese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leonean_Americans" title="Sierra Leonean Americans">Sierra Leonean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togolese_Americans" title="Togolese Americans">Togolese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_ethnic_groups_of_Africa" title="List of ethnic groups of Africa">African ethnic groups</a> in the United States1</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Americans" title="Arab Americans">Arab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Somali_Bantus_in_Maine" title="History of Somali Bantus in Maine">Bantu in Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berber_Americans" title="Berber Americans">Berber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_Americans" title="Coptic Americans">Coptic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fula_Americans" title="Fula Americans">Fula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igbo_Americans" title="Igbo Americans">Igbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_Americans" title="Yoruba Americans">Yoruba</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>1 Several African ethnic groups are dispersed throughout different areas of Africa, regardless of countries or regions.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Asian_Americans" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Asian_Americans" title="Template:Asian Americans"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Asian_Americans" title="Template talk:Asian Americans"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Asian_Americans" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Asian Americans"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Asian_Americans" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans" title="Asian Americans">Asian Americans</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_Asians_in_the_United_States" title="Central Asians in the United States">Central Asian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Americans" title="Afghan Americans">Afghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baloch_Americans" title="Baloch Americans">Baloch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_Americans" title="Kazakh Americans">Kazakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_Americans" title="Kyrgyz Americans">Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajik_Americans" title="Tajik Americans">Tajik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Asians_in_the_United_States#Turkmen_Americans" title="Central Asians in the United States">Turkmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uyghur_Americans" title="Uyghur Americans">Uyghur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbek_Americans" title="Uzbek Americans">Uzbek</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:WikiProject_Asian_Americans_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Map showing the United States in blue, and the nations where Asian Americans originate from in shades of orange"><img alt="Map showing the United States in blue, and the nations where Asian Americans originate from in shades of orange" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/WikiProject_Asian_Americans_map.svg/95px-WikiProject_Asian_Americans_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="95" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/WikiProject_Asian_Americans_map.svg/143px-WikiProject_Asian_Americans_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/WikiProject_Asian_Americans_map.svg/190px-WikiProject_Asian_Americans_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="574" data-file-height="341" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_Americans" title="East Asian Americans">East Asian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Americans" title="Chinese Americans">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fuzhounese_Americans" title="Fuzhounese Americans">Fuzhounese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakka_Americans" title="Hakka Americans">Hakka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoklo_Americans" title="Hoklo Americans">Hoklo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Americans" title="Hong Kong Americans">Hong Kong</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Americans" title="Japanese Americans">Japanese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ryukyuan_Americans" title="Ryukyuan Americans">Ryukyuan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Okinawans_in_Hawaii" title="Okinawans in Hawaii">Okinawans</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_in_Hawaii" title="Japanese in Hawaii">in Hawaii</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Americans" title="Korean Americans">Korean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Korean_immigration_to_Hawaii" title="Korean immigration to Hawaii">in Hawaii</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Americans" title="Mongolian Americans">Mongolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Americans" title="Taiwanese Americans">Taiwanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Americans" title="Tibetan Americans">Tibetan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_Americans" title="South Asian Americans">South Asian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_Americans" title="Bangladeshi Americans">Bangladeshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_Americans" title="Bengali Americans">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhutanese_Americans" title="Bhutanese Americans">Bhutanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Americans" title="Indian Americans">Indian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_Americans" title="Gujarati Americans">Gujarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telugu_Americans" title="Telugu Americans">Telugu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Caribbean_Americans" title="Indo-Caribbean Americans">Indo-Caribbean</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldivian_Americans" title="Maldivian Americans">Maldivian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_Americans" title="Nepalese Americans">Nepalese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_Americans" title="Pakistani Americans">Pakistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Americans" title="Punjabi Americans">Punjabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhi_Americans" title="Sindhi Americans">Sindhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Americans" title="Tamil Americans">Tamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_Americans" title="Sri Lankan Americans">Sri Lankan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asian_Americans" title="Southeast Asian Americans">Southeast Asian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_Americans" title="Burmese Americans">Burmese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karen_Americans" title="Karen Americans">Karen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_Americans" title="Cambodian Americans">Cambodian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_Americans" title="Filipino Americans">Filipino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hmong_Americans" title="Hmong Americans">Hmong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_Americans" title="Indonesian Americans">Indonesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laotian_Americans" title="Laotian Americans">Laotian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Americans" title="Malaysian Americans">Malaysian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singaporean_Americans" title="Singaporean Americans">Singaporean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_Americans" title="Thai Americans">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_Americans" title="Vietnamese Americans">Vietnamese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iu_Mien_Americans" title="Iu Mien Americans">Mien</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Asian Hispanic and Latino Americans">Asian Hispanic and Latino</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Mexican_Americans" title="Punjabi Mexican Americans">Punjabi Mexican</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiracial_Americans" title="Multiracial Americans">Multiracial Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Asians#United_States" title="Afro-Asians">Afro-Asian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amerasian" title="Amerasian">Amerasian</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Asian_Americans" title="History of Asian Americans">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Asian_American_immigration" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Asian American immigration">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Asian_Americans" title="Military history of Asian Americans">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internment_of_Japanese_Americans" title="Internment of Japanese Americans">Internment of Japanese Americans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans_in_arts_and_entertainment" title="Asian Americans in arts and entertainment">Arts and Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans_in_broadcast_journalism" title="Asian Americans in broadcast journalism">Broadcast journalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Asian_Americans" title="Demographics of Asian Americans">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans_in_government_and_politics" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian Americans in government and politics">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans_in_science_and_technology" title="Asian Americans in science and technology">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans_in_sports" title="Asian Americans in sports">Sports</a></li> <li>Stereotypes <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stereotypes_of_East_and_Southeast_Asians_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Stereotypes of East and Southeast Asians in the United States">East and Southeast Asians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stereotypes_of_South_Asians" title="Stereotypes of South Asians">South Asians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Model_minority_myth" title="Model minority myth">Model minority myth</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans_in_California" title="Asian Americans in California">California</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans_in_Los_Angeles" title="Asian Americans in Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans_in_San_Francisco_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Asian Americans in San Francisco (disambiguation)">San Francisco</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans_in_Metro_Detroit" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian Americans in Metro Detroit">Metro Detroit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_immigration_to_Hawaii" title="Asian immigration to Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans_in_Houston" title="Asian Americans in Houston">Houston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans_in_Louisiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian Americans in Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian-Americans_in_Maryland" title="Asian-Americans in Maryland">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans_in_New_York_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian Americans in New York City">New York City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans_in_Nevada" title="Asian Americans in Nevada">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans_in_North_Carolina" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian Americans in North Carolina">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans_in_Philadelphia" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian Americans in Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Puerto_Rican" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian Puerto Rican">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans_in_Washington_(state)" title="Asian Americans in Washington (state)">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans_in_Washington,_D.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Asian Americans in Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans_in_Virginia" title="Asian Americans in Virginia">Virginia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Middle_Eastern_Americans" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Middle_Eastern_American" title="Template:Middle Eastern American"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Middle_Eastern_American" title="Template talk:Middle Eastern American"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Middle_Eastern_American" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Middle Eastern American"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Middle_Eastern_Americans" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Middle_Eastern_Americans" title="Middle Eastern Americans">Middle Eastern Americans</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By nation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Americans" title="Egyptian Americans">Egyptian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirati_Americans" title="Emirati Americans">Emirati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Americans" title="Iranian Americans">Iranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Americans" title="Iraqi Americans">Iraqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Americans" title="Israeli Americans">Israeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordanian_Americans" title="Jordanian Americans">Jordanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwaiti_Americans" title="Kuwaiti Americans">Kuwaiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Americans" title="Lebanese Americans">Lebanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Americans" title="Palestinian Americans">Palestinian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Americans" title="Saudi Americans">Saudi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Americans" title="Syrian Americans">Syrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Americans" title="Turkish Americans">Turkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_Americans" title="Yemeni Americans">Yemeni</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By ethnicity</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Americans" title="Arab Americans">Arab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_Americans" title="Assyrian Americans">Assyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_Americans" title="Kurdish Americans">Kurdish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By location</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Middle_Eastern_people_in_Metro_Detroit" title="History of the Middle Eastern people in Metro Detroit">Detroit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Caribbean_Americans" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:West_Indian_Americans" title="Template:West Indian Americans"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:West_Indian_Americans" title="Template talk:West Indian Americans"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:West_Indian_Americans" title="Special:EditPage/Template:West Indian Americans"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Caribbean_Americans" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/West_Indian_Americans" title="West Indian Americans">Caribbean Americans</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Caribbean" title="Commonwealth Caribbean">Anglo-Caribbean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antiguan_and_Barbudan_Americans" title="Antiguan and Barbudan Americans">Antiguan and Barbudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahamian_Americans" title="Bahamian Americans">Bahamian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbadian_Americans" title="Barbadian Americans">Barbadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belizean_Americans" title="Belizean Americans">Belizean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Garifuna_Americans" title="Garifuna Americans">Garifuna</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermudian_Americans" title="Bermudian Americans">Bermudian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Americans_(Dominica)" title="Dominican Americans (Dominica)">Dominican (Dominica)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenadian_Americans" title="Grenadian Americans">Grenadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyanese_Americans" title="Guyanese Americans">Guyanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaican_Americans" title="Jamaican Americans">Jamaican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kittian_and_Nevisian_Americans" title="Kittian and Nevisian Americans">Kittian and Nevisian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucian_Americans" title="Saint Lucian Americans">Saint Lucian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidadian_and_Tobagonian_Americans" title="Trinidadian and Tobagonian Americans">Trinidadian and Tobagonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincentian_Americans" title="Vincentian Americans">Vincentian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americo-Caribbean</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stateside_Puerto_Ricans" title="Stateside Puerto Ricans">Puerto Rican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Islands_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin Islands Americans">Virgin Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/French_Caribbean" class="mw-redirect" title="French Caribbean">Franco-Caribbean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_Americans" title="Haitian Americans">Haitian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe">Guadeloupean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martinique" title="Martinique">Martiniquan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_West_Indies" title="Spanish West Indies">Hispano-Caribbean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Americans" title="Cuban Americans">Cuban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Americans" title="Dominican Americans">Dominican (Dominican Republic)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panamanian_Americans" title="Panamanian Americans">Panamanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stateside_Puerto_Ricans" title="Stateside Puerto Ricans">Puerto Rican</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Caribbean" title="Dutch Caribbean">Dutch Caribbean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_West_Indian_Americans" title="Dutch West Indian Americans">Dutch West Indians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surinamese_Americans" title="Surinamese Americans">Surinamese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ethnic groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Caribbean_Americans" title="Indo-Caribbean Americans">Indo-Caribbean Americans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Rights_of_Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#F0E68C;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Native_American_rights" title="Template:Native American rights"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Native_American_rights" title="Template talk:Native American rights"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Native_American_rights" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Native American rights"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Rights_of_Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Native_American_civil_rights" title="Native American civil rights">Rights</a> of <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native Americans in the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#F0E68C;;width:1%">Case law</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johnson_v._McIntosh" title="Johnson v. McIntosh">Johnson v. McIntosh</a> (1823)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_Nation_v._Georgia" title="Cherokee Nation v. Georgia">Cherokee Nation v. Georgia</a> (1831)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worcester_v._Georgia" title="Worcester v. Georgia">Worcester v. Georgia</a> (1832)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fellows_v._Blacksmith" title="Fellows v. Blacksmith">Fellows v. Blacksmith</a> (1857)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_ex_rel._Cutler_v._Dibble" title="New York ex rel. Cutler v. Dibble">New York ex rel. Cutler v. Dibble</a> (1858)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standing_Bear_v._Crook" class="mw-redirect" title="Standing Bear v. Crook">Standing Bear v. Crook</a> (D. Neb. 1879)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ex_parte_Crow_Dog" title="Ex parte Crow Dog">Ex parte Crow Dog</a> (1883)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elk_v._Wilkins" title="Elk v. Wilkins">Elk v. Wilkins</a> (1884)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seneca_Nation_of_Indians_v._Christy" title="Seneca Nation of Indians v. Christy">Seneca Nation of Indians v. Christy</a> (1896)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talton_v._Mayes" title="Talton v. Mayes">Talton v. Mayes</a> (1896)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lone_Wolf_v._Hitchcock" title="Lone Wolf v. Hitchcock">Lone Wolf v. Hitchcock</a> (1903)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Santa_Fe_Pacific_Railroad_Co." title="United States v. Santa Fe Pacific Railroad Co.">United States v. Santa Fe Pacific Railroad Co.</a> (1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tee-Hit-Ton_Indians_v._United_States" title="Tee-Hit-Ton Indians v. United States">Tee-Hit-Ton Indians v. United States</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Williams_v._Lee" title="Williams v. Lee">Williams v. Lee</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Power_Commission_v._Tuscarora_Indian_Nation" title="Federal Power Commission v. Tuscarora Indian Nation">Federal Power Commission v. Tuscarora Indian Nation</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menominee_Tribe_v._United_States" title="Menominee Tribe v. United States">Menominee Tribe v. United States</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/McClanahan_v._Arizona_State_Tax_Commission" title="McClanahan v. Arizona State Tax Commission">McClanahan v. Arizona State Tax Commission</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oneida_Indian_Nation_of_New_York_v._County_of_Oneida" title="Oneida Indian Nation of New York v. County of Oneida">Oneida Indian Nation of New York v. County of Oneida</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryan_v._Itasca_County" title="Bryan v. Itasca County">Bryan v. Itasca County</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Antelope" title="United States v. Antelope">United States v. Antelope</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Clara_Pueblo_v._Martinez" title="Santa Clara Pueblo v. Martinez">Santa Clara Pueblo v. Martinez</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merrion_v._Jicarilla_Apache_Tribe" title="Merrion v. Jicarilla Apache Tribe">Merrion v. Jicarilla Apache Tribe</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solem_v._Bartlett" title="Solem v. Bartlett">Solem v. Bartlett</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Oneida_v._Oneida_Indian_Nation_of_New_York_State" title="County of Oneida v. Oneida Indian Nation of New York State">County of Oneida v. Oneida Indian Nation of New York State</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_v._Catawba_Indian_Tribe,_Inc." title="South Carolina v. Catawba Indian Tribe, Inc.">South Carolina v. Catawba Indian Tribe, Inc.</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hodel_v._Irving" title="Hodel v. Irving">Hodel v. Irving</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Band_of_Choctaw_Indians_v._Holyfield" title="Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians v. Holyfield">Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians v. Holyfield</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duro_v._Reina" title="Duro v. Reina">Duro v. Reina</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Dakota_v._Bourland" title="South Dakota v. Bourland">South Dakota v. Bourland</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idaho_v._Coeur_d%27Alene_Tribe_of_Idaho" title="Idaho v. Coeur d'Alene Tribe of Idaho">Idaho v. Coeur d'Alene Tribe of Idaho</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idaho_v._United_States" title="Idaho v. United States">Idaho v. United States</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Lara" title="United States v. Lara">United States v. Lara</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Sherrill_v._Oneida_Indian_Nation_of_New_York" title="City of Sherrill v. Oneida Indian Nation of New York">City of Sherrill v. Oneida Indian Nation of New York</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cobell_v._Salazar" title="Cobell v. Salazar">Cobell v. Salazar</a> (D.C. Cir. 2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adoptive_Couple_v._Baby_Girl" title="Adoptive Couple v. Baby Girl">Adoptive Couple v. Baby Girl</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharp_v._Murphy" title="Sharp v. Murphy">Sharp v. Murphy</a> and <a href="/wiki/McGirt_v._Oklahoma" title="McGirt v. Oklahoma">McGirt v. Oklahoma</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_v._Castro-Huerta" title="Oklahoma v. Castro-Huerta">Oklahoma v. Castro-Huerta</a> (2022)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases_involving_Indian_tribes" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases involving Indian tribes">List of United States Supreme Court cases involving Indian tribes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#F0E68C;;width:1%">Legislation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blood_quantum_laws" title="Blood quantum laws">Blood quantum laws</a> (1705 onwards)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonintercourse_Act" title="Nonintercourse Act">Nonintercourse Act</a> (1790,1793,1796,1799,1802,1834)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civilization_Fund_Act" title="Civilization Fund Act">Civilization Act</a> (1819)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Removal_Act" title="Indian Removal Act">Indian Removal Act</a> (1830)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawes_Act" title="Dawes Act">Dawes Act</a> (1887)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtis_Act_of_1898" title="Curtis Act of 1898">Curtis Act</a> (1898)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burke_Act" title="Burke Act">Burke Act</a> (1906)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Citizenship_Act" title="Indian Citizenship Act">Indian Citizenship Act</a> (1924)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Reorganization_Act" title="Indian Reorganization Act">Indian Reorganization Act</a> (1934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_arts_and_crafts_laws" title="Indian arts and crafts laws">Indian arts and crafts laws</a> (1935–2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_Indian_Welfare_Act" title="Oklahoma Indian Welfare Act">Oklahoma Indian Welfare Act</a> (1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationality_Act_of_1940" title="Nationality Act of 1940">Nationality Act</a> (1940)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Law_280" title="Public Law 280">Public Law 280</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Relocation_Act_of_1956" title="Indian Relocation Act of 1956">Indian Relocation Act</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1968" title="Civil Rights Act of 1968">Indian Civil Rights Act</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaska_Native_Claims_Settlement_Act" title="Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act">Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Self-Determination_and_Education_Assistance_Act_of_1975" title="Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act of 1975">Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Indian_Religious_Freedom_Act" title="American Indian Religious Freedom Act">American Indian Religious Freedom Act</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Child_Welfare_Act" title="Indian Child Welfare Act">Indian Child Welfare Act</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diminishment" title="Diminishment">Diminishment</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Gaming_Regulatory_Act" title="Indian Gaming Regulatory Act">Indian Gaming Regulatory Act</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_Languages_Act_of_1990" title="Native American Languages Act of 1990">Native American Languages Act</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_Graves_Protection_and_Repatriation_Act" title="Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act">Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Arts_and_Crafts_Act_of_1990" title="Indian Arts and Crafts Act of 1990">Indian Arts and Crafts Act</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_Nation_Truth_in_Advertising_for_Native_Art" title="Cherokee Nation Truth in Advertising for Native Art">Cherokee Nation Truth in Advertising for Native Art</a> (2008)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#F0E68C;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Native_American_recognition_in_the_United_States" title="Native American recognition in the United States">Federal</a> and <a href="/wiki/State-recognized_tribes_in_the_United_States" title="State-recognized tribes in the United States">State recognition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_federal_recognition_of_Native_Hawaiians" title="United States federal recognition of Native Hawaiians">Federal recognition of Native Hawaiians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Legal_status_of_Hawaii" title="Legal status of Hawaii">Legal status of Hawaii</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federally_recognized_tribes_in_the_contiguous_United_States" title="List of federally recognized tribes in the contiguous United States">Federally recognized tribes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State-recognized_tribes_in_the_United_States" title="State-recognized tribes in the United States">State recognized tribes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#F0E68C;;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_title_in_the_United_States" title="Aboriginal title in the United States">Aboriginal title</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Indian_Affairs" title="Bureau of Indian Affairs">Bureau of Indian Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_Commission" title="Cherokee Commission">Cherokee Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawes_Rolls" title="Dawes Rolls">Dawes Rolls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_on_the_Rights_of_Indigenous_Peoples" title="Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples">Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eagle_feather_law" title="Eagle feather law">Eagle feather law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eagle-bone_whistle" title="Eagle-bone whistle">Eagle-bone whistle</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunting_license" title="Hunting license">Hunting license</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/In_the_Courts_of_the_Conqueror" title="In the Courts of the Conqueror">In the Courts of the Conqueror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_reservation" title="Indian reservation">Indian reservations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Walk_of_the_Navajo" title="Long Walk of the Navajo">Long Walk of the Navajo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Indian_Gaming_Commission" title="National Indian Gaming Commission">National Indian Gaming Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_civil_rights" title="Native American civil rights">Native American civil rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_gaming" title="Native American gaming">Native American gaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_Rights_Fund" title="Native American Rights Fund">Native American Rights Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_Native_American_sacred_sites_in_the_United_States" title="Recognition of Native American sacred sites in the United States">Recognition of sacred sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seminole_Wars" title="Seminole Wars">Seminole Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Survivance" title="Survivance">Survivance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trail_of_Tears" title="Trail of Tears">Trail of Tears</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_rights" title="Treaty rights">Treaty rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribal_sovereignty_in_the_United_States" title="Tribal sovereignty in the United States">Tribal sovereignty</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_self-determination" title="Native American self-determination">Self-determination</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Congressional_Joint_Special_Committee_on_Conditions_of_Indian_Tribes" title="United States Congressional Joint Special Committee on Conditions of Indian Tribes">United States Congressional Joint Special Committee on Conditions of Indian Tribes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div 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