CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-disabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Talk:Western culture: Difference between revisions - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-disabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy" ,"wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"4c9167e8-041c-4647-bffb-3a965df6edfb","wgCanonicalNamespace":"Talk","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":1,"wgPageName":"Talk:Western_culture","wgTitle":"Western culture","wgCurRevisionId":1258085474,"wgRevisionId":975132395,"wgArticleId":18716005,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["WikiProject banners with class parameter that needs moving to banner shell","Wikipedia articles that use American English","C-Class Europe articles","High-importance Europe articles","WikiProject Europe articles","C-Class culture articles","High-importance culture articles","WikiProject Culture articles","C-Class Philosophy articles","Low-importance Philosophy articles","C-Class social and political philosophy articles", "Low-importance social and political philosophy articles","Social and political philosophy task force articles","C-Class Anthropology articles","Low-importance Anthropology articles","C-Class psychology articles","Low-importance psychology articles","WikiProject Psychology articles","C-Class Religion articles","Low-importance Religion articles","WikiProject Religion articles","C-Class Christianity articles","Mid-importance Christianity articles","WikiProject Christianity articles","C-Class Catholicism articles","Mid-importance Catholicism articles","WikiProject Catholicism articles","C-Class sociology articles","Low-importance sociology articles"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Talk:Western_culture","wgRelevantArticleId":18716005,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false, "wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":30000,"extRevisionSliderTimeOffset":0,"wgDiffOldId":975131580,"wgDiffNewId":975132395,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgDiscussionToolsFeaturesEnabled":{"replytool":true,"newtopictool":true,"sourcemodetoolbar":true,"topicsubscription":false,"autotopicsub":false,"visualenhancements":false,"visualenhancements_reply":false,"visualenhancements_pageframe":false},"wgDiscussionToolsFallbackEditMode":"source","wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true, "wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":true,"wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.visualEditor.diffPage.init.styles":"ready","oojs-ui.styles.icons-accessibility":"ready","oojs-ui.styles.icons-editing-advanced":"ready","oojs-ui-core.styles":"ready","oojs-ui.styles.indicators":"ready","mediawiki.widgets.styles":"ready","oojs-ui-core.icons":"ready","ext.RevisionSlider.lazyCss":"ready","mediawiki.interface.helpers.styles":"ready","mediawiki.diff.styles":"ready","ext.inputBox.styles":"ready","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.discussionTools.init.styles":"ready", "mediawiki.helplink":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.visualEditor.diffPage.init","ext.RevisionSlider.lazyJs","mediawiki.diff","ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.discussionTools.init","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.checkUser.clientHints", "ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.RevisionSlider.lazyCss%7Cext.cite.styles%7Cext.discussionTools.init.styles%7Cext.inputBox.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.visualEditor.diffPage.init.styles%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cmediawiki.diff.styles%7Cmediawiki.helplink%7Cmediawiki.interface.helpers.styles%7Cmediawiki.widgets.styles%7Coojs-ui-core.icons%2Cstyles%7Coojs-ui.styles.icons-accessibility%2Cicons-editing-advanced%2Cindicators%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow,max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Talk:Western culture: Difference between revisions - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Western_culture"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Western_culture&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Western_culture"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="mw-article-diff ext-discussiontools-replytool-enabled ext-discussiontools-newtopictool-enabled ext-discussiontools-sourcemodetoolbar-enabled skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-1 ns-talk mw-editable page-Talk_Western_culture rootpage-Talk_Western_culture skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Talk%3AWestern+culture&returntoquery=diff%3Dprev%26oldid%3D975132395" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Talk%3AWestern+culture&returntoquery=diff%3Dprev%26oldid%3D975132395" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Talk%3AWestern+culture&returntoquery=diff%3Dprev%26oldid%3D975132395" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Talk%3AWestern+culture&returntoquery=diff%3Dprev%26oldid%3D975132395" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Christian_bias" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Christian_bias"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Christian bias</span> </div> </a> <span class="ext-discussiontools-init-sidebar-meta">25 comments</span> <ul id="toc-Christian_bias-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-change/move_first_image_&_its_caption" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#change/move_first_image_&_its_caption"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>change/move first image & its caption</span> </div> </a> <span class="ext-discussiontools-init-sidebar-meta">2 comments</span> <ul id="toc-change/move_first_image_&_its_caption-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South_Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>South Africa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Potential_Contributions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Potential_Contributions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Potential Contributions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Potential_Contributions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-new_article_please" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#new_article_please"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>new article please</span> </div> </a> <span class="ext-discussiontools-init-sidebar-meta">1 comment</span> <ul id="toc-new_article_please-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Crisis_of_Western_Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Crisis_of_Western_Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>The Crisis of Western Education</span> </div> </a> <span class="ext-discussiontools-init-sidebar-meta">4 comments</span> <ul id="toc-The_Crisis_of_Western_Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Catholic_church" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Catholic_church"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Catholic church</span> </div> </a> <span class="ext-discussiontools-init-sidebar-meta">6 comments</span> <ul id="toc-Catholic_church-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Merge_Western_religions_into_this_article" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Merge_Western_religions_into_this_article"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Merge Western religions into this article</span> </div> </a> <span class="ext-discussiontools-init-sidebar-meta">5 comments</span> <ul id="toc-Merge_Western_religions_into_this_article-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Talk:Western culture: Difference between revisions</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang mw-portlet-lang-icon-only" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector-empty" aria-label="This article exist only in this language. Add the article for other languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-portlet-lang-heading-empty" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Add languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="mw-portlet-empty-language-selector-body"> Page contents not supported in other languages. </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Western_culture" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Western_culture" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Western_culture"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="istalk vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Western_culture&action=edit&oldid=975132395" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Western_culture&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Western_culture"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="istalk vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Western_culture&action=edit&oldid=975132395" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Western_culture&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Talk:Western_culture" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Talk:Western_culture" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Western_culture&oldid=975132395" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Western_culture&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DTalk%3AWestern_culture%26diff%3Dprev%26oldid%3D975132395"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DTalk%3AWestern_culture%26diff%3Dprev%26oldid%3D975132395"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Book&bookcmd=render_article&arttitle=Talk%3AWestern+culture&returnto=Talk%3AWestern+culture&oldid=975132395&writer=rl" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Western_culture&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-mw-helplink" class="mw-indicator"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Diff" target="_blank" class="mw-helplink"><span class="mw-helplink-icon"></span>Help</a></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-revslider-container"><span style='width: 100%; text-align: center;' id='ooui-php-1' class='mw-revslider-toggle-button oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-indicatorElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget' data-ooui='{"_":"OO.ui.ButtonWidget","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"indicator":"down","label":"Browse history interactively","title":"Open revision slider","classes":["mw-revslider-toggle-button"]}'><a role='button' title='Open revision slider' tabindex='0' rel='nofollow' class='oo-ui-buttonElement-button'><span class='oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-iconElement-noIcon'></span><span class='oo-ui-labelElement-label'>Browse history interactively</span><span class='oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicator-down'></span></a></span><div class="mw-revslider-slider-wrapper" style="display: none;"><div class="mw-revslider-placeholder"><div class="mw-revslider-spinner"><div class="mw-revslider-bounce"></div></div></div></div></div><div class="mw-diff-revision-history-links"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Western_culture&diff=prev&oldid=975131580" class="mw-diff-revision-history-link-previous" title="Talk:Western culture">← Previous edit</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Western_culture&diff=next&oldid=975132395" class="mw-diff-revision-history-link-next" title="Talk:Western culture">Next edit →</a></div><div class="mw-diff-table-prefix" dir="ltr" lang="en"><div class="mw-diff-inline-legend oo-ui-element-hidden"><span class="mw-diff-inline-legend-del">Content deleted</span> <span class="mw-diff-inline-legend-ins">Content added</span></div><div class="ve-init-mw-diffPage-diffMode"><span class='oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonGroupWidget'><span aria-disabled='true' class='oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-disabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-framed oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget'><a role='button' tabindex='-1' aria-disabled='true' rel='nofollow' class='oo-ui-buttonElement-button'><span class='oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-eye oo-ui-image-invert'></span><span class='oo-ui-labelElement-label'>Visual</span><span class='oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator oo-ui-image-invert'></span></a></span><span class='oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-framed oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget oo-ui-buttonElement-active'><a role='button' tabindex='0' rel='nofollow' class='oo-ui-buttonElement-button'><span class='oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-wikiText oo-ui-image-invert'></span><span class='oo-ui-labelElement-label'>Wikitext</span><span class='oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator oo-ui-image-invert'></span></a></span></span></div><div class="mw-diffPage-inlineToggle-container"><div id='mw-diffPage-inline-toggle-switch-layout' class='oo-ui-layout oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-fieldLayout oo-ui-fieldLayout-align-left' data-ooui='{"_":"OO.ui.FieldLayout","fieldWidget":{"tag":"mw-diffPage-inline-toggle-switch"},"$overlay":true,"label":"Inline","title":"Switches between inline format and two-column format"}'><div class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-body'><span class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-header'><label title='Switches between inline format and two-column format' id='ooui-php-2' class='oo-ui-labelElement-label'>Inline</label></span><div class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-field'><div id='mw-diffPage-inline-toggle-switch' title='Switches between inline format and two-column format' aria-checked='false' tabindex='0' role='switch' aria-labelledby='ooui-php-2' class='oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-toggleWidget oo-ui-toggleWidget-off oo-ui-toggleSwitchWidget' data-ooui='{"_":"OO.ui.ToggleSwitchWidget","href":"\/w\/index.php?title=Talk:Western_culture&diff=prev&oldid=975132395&diff-type=inline","value":false,"title":"Switches between inline format and two-column format"}'><span class='oo-ui-toggleSwitchWidget-glow'></span><a href='/w/index.php?title=Talk:Western_culture&diff=prev&oldid=975132395&diff-type=inline'><span class='oo-ui-toggleSwitchWidget-grip'></span></a></div></div></div></div></div></div><table class="diff diff-type-table diff-contentalign-left diff-editfont-monospace" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" class="diff-otitle diff-side-deleted"><div id="mw-diff-otitle1"><strong><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Western_culture&oldid=975131580" title="Talk:Western culture">Revision as of 21:59, 26 August 2020</a> <span class="mw-diff-edit"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Western_culture&action=edit&oldid=975131580" title="Talk:Western culture">edit</a></span><span class="mw-diff-timestamp" data-timestamp="2020-08-26T21:59:47Z"></span></strong></div><div id="mw-diff-otitle2"><a href="/wiki/User:BradVesp" class="mw-userlink" title="User:BradVesp" data-mw-revid="975131580"><bdi>BradVesp</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/wiki/User_talk:BradVesp" class="mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="User talk:BradVesp">talk</a> | <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/BradVesp" class="mw-usertoollinks-contribs" title="Special:Contributions/BradVesp">contribs</a>)</span><div class="mw-diff-usermetadata"><div class="mw-diff-userroles"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Extended_confirmed_editors" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Extended confirmed editors">Extended confirmed users</a></div><div class="mw-diff-usereditcount"><span>636</span> edits</div></div></div><div id="mw-diff-otitle3"> <span class="comment comment--without-parentheses"><span class="autocomment"><a href="#Catholic_church">→<bdi dir="ltr">Catholic church</bdi></a></span></span></div><div id="mw-diff-otitle5"></div><div id="mw-diff-otitle4"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Western_culture&diff=prev&oldid=975131580" title="Talk:Western culture" id="differences-prevlink">← Previous edit</a></div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-ntitle diff-side-added"><div id="mw-diff-ntitle1"><strong><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Western_culture&oldid=975132395" title="Talk:Western culture">Revision as of 22:04, 26 August 2020</a> <span class="mw-diff-edit"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Western_culture&action=edit&oldid=975132395" title="Talk:Western culture">edit</a></span><span class="mw-diff-timestamp" data-timestamp="2020-08-26T22:04:37Z"></span> <span class="mw-diff-undo"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Western_culture&action=edit&undoafter=975131580&undo=975132395" title=""Undo" reverts this edit and opens the edit form in preview mode. It allows adding a reason in the summary.">undo</a></span></strong></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle2"><a href="/wiki/User:BradVesp" class="mw-userlink" title="User:BradVesp" data-mw-revid="975132395"><bdi>BradVesp</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/wiki/User_talk:BradVesp" class="mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="User talk:BradVesp">talk</a> | <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/BradVesp" class="mw-usertoollinks-contribs" title="Special:Contributions/BradVesp">contribs</a>)</span><div class="mw-diff-usermetadata"><div class="mw-diff-userroles"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Extended_confirmed_editors" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Extended confirmed editors">Extended confirmed users</a></div><div class="mw-diff-usereditcount"><span>636</span> edits</div></div></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle3"> <span class="comment comment--without-parentheses"><span class="autocomment"><a href="#Catholic_church">→<bdi dir="ltr">Catholic church</bdi></a></span></span></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle5"></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle4"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Western_culture&diff=next&oldid=975132395" title="Talk:Western culture" id="differences-nextlink">Next edit →</a></div></td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 147:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 147:</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>:::::There are more there a couple lame skyscrapers. Their construction is mostly a result from our technological advances. Don't get me wrong, they are impressive, but generally it's just stacking bricks or pinning iron with bolts. There, usually, isn't much creativity to them. Gothic architecture has a detailing and symbolism that skyscrapers usually lack. [[User:Liberty5651|Liberty5651]] ([[User talk:Liberty5651|talk]]) 21:59, 26 August 2020 (UTC)</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>:::::There are more there a couple lame skyscrapers. Their construction is mostly a result from our technological advances. Don't get me wrong, they are impressive, but generally it's just stacking bricks or pinning iron with bolts. There, usually, isn't much creativity to them. Gothic architecture has a detailing and symbolism that skyscrapers usually lack. [[User:Liberty5651|Liberty5651]] ([[User talk:Liberty5651|talk]]) 21:59, 26 August 2020 (UTC)</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>:{{reply to|Daveout}}, {{reply to|Graecusperseus}}, if I remember, or care, I can give you a couple references for the claim that the Catholic Church was responsible for the preservation of Greek texts. They'll be found around the Medici eras and the schools they founded. [[User:Liberty5651|Liberty5651]] ([[User talk:Liberty5651|talk]]) 22:04, 26 August 2020 (UTC)</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>== Merge Western religions into this article ==</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>== Merge Western religions into this article ==</div></td> </tr> </table><hr class='diff-hr' id='mw-oldid' /> <h2 class='diff-currentversion-title'>Revision as of 22:04, 26 August 2020</h2> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237879475">.mw-parser-output .tmbox{margin:4px 0;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid #c0c090;background-color:#f8eaba;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmbox.mbox-small{font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .tmbox-speedy{border:2px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .tmbox-delete{border:2px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .tmbox-content{border:2px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .tmbox-style{border:2px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .tmbox-move{border:2px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .tmbox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmbox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmbox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmbox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .tmbox .mbox-invalid-type{text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmbox{margin:4px 10%}.mw-parser-output .tmbox.mbox-small{clear:right;float:right;margin:4px 0 4px 1em;width:238px}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmbox{background-color:#2e2505}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmbox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmbox{background-color:#2e2505}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmbox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.tmbox img{max-width:none!important}</style><table class="plainlinks tmbox tmbox-notice skiptotalk noprint" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-empty-cell"></td><td class="mbox-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1135323948">body.skin-vector-2022 .mw-parser-output .skiptotalk,body.mw-mf .mw-parser-output .skiptotalk{display:none}.mw-parser-output .skiptotalk a{display:block;text-align:center;font-style:italic;line-height:1.9}.mw-parser-output .skiptotalk a::before,.mw-parser-output .skiptotalk a::after{content:"↓";font-size:larger;line-height:1.6;font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .skiptotalk a::before{float:left}.mw-parser-output .skiptotalk a::after{float:right}</style><a href="#toc">Skip to table of contents</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237879475"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1230750088">.mw-parser-output .talkheader{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .talkheader-body{display:flex}.mw-parser-output .talkheader-help,.mw-parser-output .talkheader-policies,.mw-parser-output .talkheader-shortcuts{display:flex;align-items:center;padding:0.1em}.mw-parser-output .talkheader-help{flex:2 1 auto;border:1px solid #c0c090;background-color:var(--background-color-base,#ffffff);color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .talkheader-policies{flex:1 1 auto}.mw-parser-output .talkheader-policies+.talkheader-policies{border-left:1px solid #c0c090}.mw-parser-output .talkheader-shortcuts{flex:0 1 auto}.mw-parser-output .talkheader-help>*,.mw-parser-output .talkheader-policies>*,.mw-parser-output .talkheader-shortcuts>*{flex:1 1 auto}.mw-parser-output .talkheader-help ul,.mw-parser-output .talkheader-policies ul{margin:0.1em 0.8em 0 1.6em;text-align:left}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .talkheader{min-width:80%}}</style><table role="presentation" class="tmbox tmbox-notice talkheader plainlinks" id="talkheader" style="border-collapse: separate;"><tbody><tr> <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #c0c090; font-weight: bold;">This is the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Talk_page_guidelines" title="Wikipedia:Talk page guidelines">talk page</a> for discussing improvements to the <a href="/wiki/Western_culture" title="Western culture">Western culture</a> article.<br/> This is <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#FORUM" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not">not a forum</a> for general discussion of the article's subject.</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <div class="talkheader-body"> <div class="talkheader-help"> <ul><li>Put new text under old text. <strong><a href="/wiki/Special:NewSection/Talk:Western_culture" title="Special:NewSection/Talk:Western culture">Click here to start a new topic.</a></strong></li> <li>New to Wikipedia? Welcome! <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Help:Introduction">Learn to edit</a>; <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Questions" title="Wikipedia:Questions">get help</a>.</li></ul> </div> <div class="talkheader-policies"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Assume_good_faith" title="Wikipedia:Assume good faith">Assume good faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Civility" title="Wikipedia:Civility">Be polite</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_personal_attacks" title="Wikipedia:No personal attacks">avoid personal attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_do_not_bite_the_newcomers" title="Wikipedia:Please do not bite the newcomers">Be welcoming to newcomers</a></li> <li>Seek <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Dispute_resolution_requests" title="Wikipedia:Dispute resolution requests">dispute resolution</a> if needed</li></ul> </div><div class="talkheader-policies"> <div><b>Article policies</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">Neutral point of view</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research">No original research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">Verifiability</a></li></ul> </div> </div> </div> </td> </tr><tr><td style="border-top: 1px solid #c0c090; padding: 1px 3px;"><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Western+culture%22">Google</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Western+culture%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Western+culture%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Western+culture%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?safe=off&tbs=sur:fmc&tbm=isch&q=%22Western+culture%22+-site:wikipedia.org+-site:wikimedia.org">free images</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/custom?hl=en&cx=007734830908295939403%3Agalkqgoksq0&cof=FORID%3A13%3BAH%3Aleft%3BCX%3AWikipedia%2520Reference%2520Search&q=%22Western+culture%22">WP refs</a>) <b>·</b> <span title="Free English newspaper sources" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Free_English_newspaper_sources">FENS</a></span> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Western+culture%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a> <b>·</b> <span title="The Wikipedia Library" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/search/?q=%22Western+culture%22">TWL</a></span></span></td></tr><tr><td style="border-top: 1px solid #c0c090; padding: 1px 3px;"><b><a href="/wiki/Help:Archiving_a_talk_page" title="Help:Archiving a talk page">Archives</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/User:ClueBot_III/Master_Detailed_Indices/Talk:Western_culture" title="User:ClueBot III/Master Detailed Indices/Talk:Western culture">Index</a>, <a href="/wiki/Talk:Western_culture/Archive_1" title="Talk:Western culture/Archive 1">1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Talk:Western_culture/Archive_2" title="Talk:Western culture/Archive 2">2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Talk:Western_culture/Archive_3" title="Talk:Western culture/Archive 3">3</a>, <a href="/wiki/Talk:Western_culture/Archive_4" title="Talk:Western culture/Archive 4">4</a><span style="position: relative; top: 2px; float: right; font-size: 90%; margin-left: 1em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Discussions with timestamps are automatically archived by ClueBot III after 8760 hours of inactivity when more than 8 threads are present.">Auto-archiving period</span>: <b>12 months</b> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Archiving_a_talk_page#Automated_archiving" title="Help:Archiving a talk page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/16px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/24px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/32px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620"/></a></span></span></td> </tr><tr><td style="border-top: 1px solid #c0c090; padding: 0;"><div> <div class="mw-inputbox-centered" style=""><form name="searchbox" class="searchbox mw-inputbox-form-inline" action="/wiki/Special:Search"><div class="cdx-text-input"><input class="mw-searchInput searchboxInput cdx-text-input__input" name="search" placeholder="" size="50" dir="ltr"/></div><input type="hidden" value="Talk:Western culture/" name="prefix"/> <input type="submit" name="fulltext" value="Search archives" class="cdx-button"/><input type="hidden" value="Search" name="fulltext"/></form></div> </div></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237879475"><table id="ame" class="plainlinks tmbox tmbox-style" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/50px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/75px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/100px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650"/></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text">This article is <b>written in <a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">American English</a></b>, which has its own spelling conventions (<i>color</i>, <i>defense</i>, <i>traveled</i>) and some terms that are used in it may be different or absent from other <a href="/wiki/List_of_dialects_of_English" title="List of dialects of English">varieties of English</a>. According to the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style#National_varieties_of_English" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">relevant style guide</a>, this should not be changed without <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Consensus#Levels_of_consensus" title="Wikipedia:Consensus">broad consensus</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Vital_article&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Vital article (page does not exist)">Template:Vital article</a> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237879475"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1243927654">.mw-parser-output .banner-shell{border-collapse:separate;border-spacing:4px}.mw-parser-output .banner-shell-header{text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .banner-shell-inner{padding:2px 4px;background:#fffaef;color:inherit;border:1px dotted gray}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .banner-shell-inner{background:#2e2505}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .banner-shell-inner{background:#2e2505}}.mw-parser-output .banner-shell .tmbox{margin:2px 0;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .banner-shell .tmbox.mbox-small{line-height:1.5em;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .banner-shell-inner .banner-shell-outside{display:none}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .wpbs{width:80%}}.mw-parser-output .wpbs .assess{width:60px;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .wpbs .banner-shell-header{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em 0.25em 0}.mw-parser-output .wpbs .wpb .wpb-header{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .wpbs .wpb:not(.mw-collapsed) .wpb-header-icon a{display:none}</style><table role="presentation" class="tmbox tmbox-notice banner-shell wpbs mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><tbody><tr><td class="assess"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_question.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Unassessed article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/35px-Symbol_question.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/53px-Symbol_question.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/70px-Symbol_question.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185"/></a></span></td><td class="banner-shell-header" style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal">This article has not yet been rated on Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Content_assessment" title="Wikipedia:Content assessment">content assessment</a> scale.<br/>It is of interest to multiple <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject">WikiProjects</a>.</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="banner-shell-inner outercollapse"><div class="error">Please add the quality rating to the <code>{{WikiProject banner shell}}</code> template instead of this project banner. See <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:PIQA" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:PIQA">WP:PIQA</a> for details.</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237879475"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1256394742">.mw-parser-output .wpb-header,.mw-parser-output .wpb-metadata,.mw-parser-output .wpb-iefix{display:none}.mw-parser-output .wpb-header-name{text-align:right;padding:0.3em 1em 0.3em 0.3em;width:50%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .wpb-header-assessment{text-align:left;width:50%;padding:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .wpb-header-combined{text-align:left;padding:0.3em 0.3em 0.3em 0;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .wpb-header-bubbles{border-radius:.5em;padding:0 .3em;margin-left:0.5em;white-space:nowrap;font-weight:normal;color:black}.mw-parser-output .wpb-nested-task-force{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .wpb-header-icon{width:50px;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .wpb-category-box{background-color:#F5F5F5;border-width:1px;width:500px}.mw-parser-output .wpbs .wpb .wpb-main{background-color:#FFFAEF;padding:3px 0 3px 0.7em}.mw-parser-output .wpb .wpb-main{padding:3px 5px}.mw-parser-output .wpbs .wpb-header{background-color:#FFFAEF}.mw-parser-output .wpb-main>table{background-color:transparent;border:none;padding:0;width:100%;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .wpb .wpb-image{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .wpb-collapsed-head{text-align:left;padding:0.2em 2px 0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .wpb-collapsed-notes{padding:0}.mw-parser-output .wpb-collapsed-notes>table{width:100%;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .wpb .wpb-gutter{padding:2px 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .wpbs .banner-shell-inner{background-color:#f8eaba;border:none}.mw-parser-output .wpb-table{table-layout:fixed}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .wpb{min-width:80%}}.mw-parser-output .assess{font-weight:bold;text-align:center;white-space:nowrap;color:black}.mw-parser-output .import-top{background-color:#FFBFFF}.mw-parser-output .import-high{background-color:#FFCCFF}.mw-parser-output .import-mid{background-color:#FFD9FF}.mw-parser-output .import-low{background-color:#FFE7FF}.mw-parser-output .import-bottom{background-color:#FFEBFF}.mw-parser-output .import-na{background-color:#F5F5F5}.mw-parser-output .import-unknown{background-color:#DCDCDC}.mw-parser-output .class-fa,.mw-parser-output .class-fl,.mw-parser-output .class-fm{background-color:#BED3FF}.mw-parser-output .class-a,.mw-parser-output .class-al{background-color:#C0FFFF}.mw-parser-output .class-ga{background-color:#C0FFC0}.mw-parser-output .class-b,.mw-parser-output .class-bl{background-color:#DFFFBF}.mw-parser-output .class-c,.mw-parser-output .class-cl{background-color:#FFFFBE}.mw-parser-output .class-start{background-color:#FFDBBF}.mw-parser-output .class-stub,.mw-parser-output .class-sl{background-color:#FFC0C0}.mw-parser-output .class-list{background-color:#D2C0FF}.mw-parser-output .class-na{background-color:#F5F5F5}.mw-parser-output .class-category{background-color:#FFDB58}.mw-parser-output .class-disambig{background-color:#00FA9A}.mw-parser-output .class-draft{background-color:#E7B198}.mw-parser-output .class-file{background-color:#DDCCFF}.mw-parser-output .class-future{background-color:#B4BBFF}.mw-parser-output .class-portal{background-color:#DDB1BC}.mw-parser-output .class-project{background-color:#C0C090}.mw-parser-output .class-redirect{background-color:#C0C0C0}.mw-parser-output .class-sia{background-color:#E9DAFF}.mw-parser-output .class-user{background-color:#DDD06A}.mw-parser-output .class-template{background-color:#FBCEB1}.mw-parser-output .class-unassessed{background-color:#DCDCDC}.mw-parser-output .conflict{border:0.2em solid red}.mw-parser-output .inactive-wikiproject .wpb-header-bubbles{color:inherit}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .wpb-category-box{background-color:#0a0a0a}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .wpbs .wpb .wpb-main,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .wpbs .wpb-header{background-color:#302f2d}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .wpbs .banner-shell-inner{background-color:#2e2505}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .wpb-category-box{background-color:#0a0a0a}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .wpbs .wpb .wpb-main,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .wpbs .wpb-header{background-color:#302f2d}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .wpbs .banner-shell-inner{background-color:#2e2505}}</style><table class="tmbox tmbox-notice mw-collapsible innercollapse wpb wpb-table"><tbody><tr class="wpb-header"><td class="wpb-header-icon"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikiproject_Europe_(small).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Wikiproject_Europe_%28small%29.svg/25px-Wikiproject_Europe_%28small%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Wikiproject_Europe_%28small%29.svg/38px-Wikiproject_Europe_%28small%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Wikiproject_Europe_%28small%29.svg/50px-Wikiproject_Europe_%28small%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="187" data-file-height="187"/></a></span></td><td class="wpb-header-combined"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Europe" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Europe">Europe</a> <span class="wpb-header-bubbles class-c">C‑class</span> <span class="wpb-header-bubbles import-high">High‑importance</span></td></tr><tr><td class="mbox-text wpb-main" colspan="2"><table><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image wpb-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikiproject_Europe_(small).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Wikiproject_Europe_%28small%29.svg/62px-Wikiproject_Europe_%28small%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="62" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Wikiproject_Europe_%28small%29.svg/93px-Wikiproject_Europe_%28small%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Wikiproject_Europe_%28small%29.svg/124px-Wikiproject_Europe_%28small%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="187" data-file-height="187"/></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/28px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/42px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/56px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541"/></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Europe" title="Portal:Europe">Europe portal</a></span></li></ul>This article is within the scope of <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Europe" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Europe">WikiProject Europe</a></b>, an effort to build a comprehensive and detailed guide to <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">European</a> topics of a cross-border nature on Wikipedia.<span class="metadata wpb-metadata"><span class="wpb-project">Europe</span><span class="wpb-project_link">Wikipedia:WikiProject Europe</span><span class="wpb-banner_name">Template:WikiProject Europe</span><span class="wpb-assessment_cat">Europe articles</span></span></td><td class="mbox-empty-cell"></td></tr><tr><td class="assess class-c"><a href="/wiki/Category:C-Class_Europe_articles" title="Category:C-Class Europe articles">C</a></td><td class="mbox-text" colspan="2">This article has been rated as <b>C-class</b> on Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Content_assessment" title="Wikipedia:Content assessment">content assessment</a> scale.</td></tr><tr><td class="assess import-high"><a href="/wiki/Category:High-importance_Europe_articles" title="Category:High-importance Europe articles">High</a></td><td class="mbox-text" colspan="2">This article has been rated as <b>High-importance</b> on the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Europe/Assessment#Importance_scale" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Europe/Assessment">project's importance scale</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="error">Please add the quality rating to the <code>{{WikiProject banner shell}}</code> template instead of this project banner. See <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:PIQA" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:PIQA">WP:PIQA</a> for details.</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237879475"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1256394742"><table class="tmbox tmbox-notice mw-collapsible innercollapse wpb wpb-table"><tbody><tr class="wpb-header"><td class="wpb-header-icon"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_culture.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/P_culture.svg/28px-P_culture.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/P_culture.svg/42px-P_culture.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/P_culture.svg/56px-P_culture.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360"/></a></span></td><td class="wpb-header-combined"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Culture" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Culture">Culture</a> <span class="wpb-header-bubbles class-c">C‑class</span> <span class="wpb-header-bubbles import-high">High‑importance</span></td></tr><tr><td class="mbox-text wpb-main" colspan="2"><table><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image wpb-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_culture.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/P_culture.svg/80px-P_culture.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/P_culture.svg/120px-P_culture.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/P_culture.svg/160px-P_culture.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360"/></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text">This article is within the scope of <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Culture" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Culture">WikiProject Culture</a></b>, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of <a href="/wiki/Culture" title="Culture">culture</a> on Wikipedia. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Culture" title="Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Culture">the discussion</a> and see a list of open tasks.<span class="metadata wpb-metadata"><span class="wpb-project">Culture</span><span class="wpb-project_link">Wikipedia:WikiProject Culture</span><span class="wpb-banner_name">Template:WikiProject Culture</span><span class="wpb-assessment_cat">culture articles</span></span></td><td class="mbox-empty-cell"></td></tr><tr><td class="assess class-c"><a href="/wiki/Category:C-Class_culture_articles" title="Category:C-Class culture articles">C</a></td><td class="mbox-text" colspan="2">This article has been rated as <b>C-class</b> on Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Content_assessment" title="Wikipedia:Content assessment">content assessment</a> scale.</td></tr><tr><td class="assess import-high"><a href="/wiki/Category:High-importance_culture_articles" title="Category:High-importance culture articles">High</a></td><td class="mbox-text" colspan="2">This article has been rated as <b>High-importance</b> on the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Culture/Assessment#Importance_scale" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Culture/Assessment">project's importance scale</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="error">Please add the quality rating to the <code>{{WikiProject banner shell}}</code> template instead of this project banner. See <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:PIQA" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:PIQA">WP:PIQA</a> for details.</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237879475"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1256394742"><table class="tmbox tmbox-notice mw-collapsible innercollapse wpb wpb-table"><tbody><tr class="wpb-header"><td class="wpb-header-icon"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Socrates.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Socrates.png/16px-Socrates.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Socrates.png/25px-Socrates.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Socrates.png/32px-Socrates.png 2x" data-file-width="326" data-file-height="500"/></a></span></td><td class="wpb-header-combined"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Philosophy" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Philosophy">Philosophy</a><span class="wpb-nested-task-force">: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Philosophy/Social_and_political" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Philosophy/Social and political">Social and political</a></span> <span class="wpb-header-bubbles class-c">C‑class</span> <span class="wpb-header-bubbles import-low">Low‑importance</span></td></tr><tr><td class="mbox-text wpb-main" colspan="2"><table><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image wpb-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Socrates.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Socrates.png/50px-Socrates.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Socrates.png/75px-Socrates.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Socrates.png/100px-Socrates.png 2x" data-file-width="326" data-file-height="500"/></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239009302"><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Socrates.png/18px-Socrates.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Socrates.png/27px-Socrates.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Socrates.png/36px-Socrates.png 2x" data-file-width="326" data-file-height="500"/></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Philosophy" title="Portal:Philosophy">Philosophy portal</a></span></li></ul>This article is within the scope of <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Philosophy" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Philosophy">WikiProject Philosophy</a></b>, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of content related to <a href="/wiki/Philosophy" title="Philosophy">philosophy</a> on Wikipedia. If you would like to support the project, please visit the project page, where you can get more details on how you can help, and where you can join the <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Philosophy" title="Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Philosophy">general discussion</a></b> about philosophy content on Wikipedia.<span class="metadata wpb-metadata"><span class="wpb-project">Philosophy</span><span class="wpb-project_link">Wikipedia:WikiProject Philosophy</span><span class="wpb-banner_name">Template:WikiProject Philosophy</span><span class="wpb-assessment_cat">Philosophy articles</span></span></td><td class="mbox-empty-cell"></td></tr><tr><td class="assess class-c"><a href="/wiki/Category:C-Class_Philosophy_articles" title="Category:C-Class Philosophy articles">C</a></td><td class="mbox-text" colspan="2">This article has been rated as <b>C-class</b> on Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Content_assessment" title="Wikipedia:Content assessment">content assessment</a> scale.</td></tr><tr><td class="assess import-low"><a href="/wiki/Category:Low-importance_Philosophy_articles" title="Category:Low-importance Philosophy articles">Low</a></td><td class="mbox-text" colspan="2">This article has been rated as <b>Low-importance</b> on the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Philosophy/Assessment#Importance_scale" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Philosophy/Assessment">project's importance scale</a>.</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" class="wpb-collapsed-notes"><table class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><tbody><tr><th colspan="3" class="wpb-collapsed-head">Associated task forces:</th></tr><tr><td class="mbox-image wpb-gutter" style="min-width:50px"><span class="wpb-iefix">/ </span></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Location_dot_dark_red.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Taskforce icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Location_dot_dark_red.svg/15px-Location_dot_dark_red.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Location_dot_dark_red.svg/23px-Location_dot_dark_red.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Location_dot_dark_red.svg/30px-Location_dot_dark_red.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="30" data-file-height="30"/></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td><td class="mbox-text" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Philosophy/Social_and_political" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Philosophy/Social and political">Social and political philosophy</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="error">Please add the quality rating to the <code>{{WikiProject banner shell}}</code> template instead of this project banner. See <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:PIQA" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:PIQA">WP:PIQA</a> for details.</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237879475"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1256394742"><table class="tmbox tmbox-notice mw-collapsible innercollapse wpb wpb-table"><tbody><tr class="wpb-header"><td class="wpb-header-icon"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Female_Face_Mask_(Gambanda),_early_1900s,_Central_Africa,_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo,_Pende_people,_wood,_fiber_-_Cleveland_Museum_of_Art_-_DSC08700.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Female_Face_Mask_%28Gambanda%29%2C_early_1900s%2C_Central_Africa%2C_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo%2C_Pende_people%2C_wood%2C_fiber_-_Cleveland_Museum_of_Art_-_DSC08700.JPG/19px-Female_Face_Mask_%28Gambanda%29%2C_early_1900s%2C_Central_Africa%2C_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo%2C_Pende_people%2C_wood%2C_fiber_-_Cleveland_Museum_of_Art_-_DSC08700.JPG" decoding="async" width="19" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Female_Face_Mask_%28Gambanda%29%2C_early_1900s%2C_Central_Africa%2C_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo%2C_Pende_people%2C_wood%2C_fiber_-_Cleveland_Museum_of_Art_-_DSC08700.JPG/28px-Female_Face_Mask_%28Gambanda%29%2C_early_1900s%2C_Central_Africa%2C_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo%2C_Pende_people%2C_wood%2C_fiber_-_Cleveland_Museum_of_Art_-_DSC08700.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Female_Face_Mask_%28Gambanda%29%2C_early_1900s%2C_Central_Africa%2C_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo%2C_Pende_people%2C_wood%2C_fiber_-_Cleveland_Museum_of_Art_-_DSC08700.JPG/37px-Female_Face_Mask_%28Gambanda%29%2C_early_1900s%2C_Central_Africa%2C_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo%2C_Pende_people%2C_wood%2C_fiber_-_Cleveland_Museum_of_Art_-_DSC08700.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3240" data-file-height="4320"/></a></span></td><td class="wpb-header-combined"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Anthropology" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Anthropology">Anthropology</a> <span class="wpb-header-bubbles class-c">C‑class</span> <span class="wpb-header-bubbles import-low">Low‑importance</span></td></tr><tr><td class="mbox-text wpb-main" colspan="2"><table><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image wpb-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Female_Face_Mask_(Gambanda),_early_1900s,_Central_Africa,_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo,_Pende_people,_wood,_fiber_-_Cleveland_Museum_of_Art_-_DSC08700.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Female_Face_Mask_%28Gambanda%29%2C_early_1900s%2C_Central_Africa%2C_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo%2C_Pende_people%2C_wood%2C_fiber_-_Cleveland_Museum_of_Art_-_DSC08700.JPG/80px-Female_Face_Mask_%28Gambanda%29%2C_early_1900s%2C_Central_Africa%2C_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo%2C_Pende_people%2C_wood%2C_fiber_-_Cleveland_Museum_of_Art_-_DSC08700.JPG" decoding="async" width="80" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Female_Face_Mask_%28Gambanda%29%2C_early_1900s%2C_Central_Africa%2C_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo%2C_Pende_people%2C_wood%2C_fiber_-_Cleveland_Museum_of_Art_-_DSC08700.JPG/120px-Female_Face_Mask_%28Gambanda%29%2C_early_1900s%2C_Central_Africa%2C_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo%2C_Pende_people%2C_wood%2C_fiber_-_Cleveland_Museum_of_Art_-_DSC08700.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Female_Face_Mask_%28Gambanda%29%2C_early_1900s%2C_Central_Africa%2C_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo%2C_Pende_people%2C_wood%2C_fiber_-_Cleveland_Museum_of_Art_-_DSC08700.JPG/160px-Female_Face_Mask_%28Gambanda%29%2C_early_1900s%2C_Central_Africa%2C_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo%2C_Pende_people%2C_wood%2C_fiber_-_Cleveland_Museum_of_Art_-_DSC08700.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3240" data-file-height="4320"/></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text">This article is within the scope of <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Anthropology" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Anthropology">WikiProject Anthropology</a></b>, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of <a href="/wiki/Anthropology" title="Anthropology">Anthropology</a> on Wikipedia. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Anthropology" title="Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Anthropology">the discussion</a> and see a list of open tasks.<span class="metadata wpb-metadata"><span class="wpb-project">Anthropology</span><span class="wpb-project_link">Wikipedia:WikiProject Anthropology</span><span class="wpb-banner_name">Template:WikiProject Anthropology</span><span class="wpb-assessment_cat">Anthropology articles</span></span></td><td class="mbox-empty-cell"></td></tr><tr><td class="assess class-c"><a href="/wiki/Category:C-Class_Anthropology_articles" title="Category:C-Class Anthropology articles">C</a></td><td class="mbox-text" colspan="2">This article has been rated as <b>C-class</b> on Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Content_assessment" title="Wikipedia:Content assessment">content assessment</a> scale.</td></tr><tr><td class="assess import-low"><a href="/wiki/Category:Low-importance_Anthropology_articles" title="Category:Low-importance Anthropology articles">Low</a></td><td class="mbox-text" colspan="2">This article has been rated as <b>Low-importance</b> on the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Version_1.0_Editorial_Team/Release_Version_Criteria#Importance_of_topic" title="Wikipedia:Version 1.0 Editorial Team/Release Version Criteria">importance scale</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237879475"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1256394742"><table class="tmbox tmbox-notice mw-collapsible innercollapse wpb wpb-table inactive-wikiproject"><tbody><tr class="wpb-header"><td class="wpb-header-icon"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:People_icon_dead.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/People_icon_dead.svg/25px-People_icon_dead.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/People_icon_dead.svg/38px-People_icon_dead.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/People_icon_dead.svg/50px-People_icon_dead.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100"/></a></span></td><td class="wpb-header-combined"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Cultural_Evolution" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Cultural Evolution">Cultural Evolution</a> <span class="wpb-header-bubbles"> (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:INACTIVEWP" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:INACTIVEWP">inactive</a>)</span></td></tr><tr><td class="mbox-text wpb-main" colspan="2"><table><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image wpb-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:People_icon_dead.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/People_icon_dead.svg/40px-People_icon_dead.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/People_icon_dead.svg/60px-People_icon_dead.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/People_icon_dead.svg/80px-People_icon_dead.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100"/></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text">This article is within the scope of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Cultural_Evolution" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Cultural Evolution">WikiProject Cultural Evolution</a>, a project which is currently considered to be <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:INACTIVEWP" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:INACTIVEWP">inactive</a></b>.<span class="metadata wpb-metadata"><span class="wpb-project">Cultural Evolution</span><span class="wpb-project_link">Wikipedia:WikiProject Cultural Evolution</span><span class="wpb-banner_name">Template:WikiProject Cultural Evolution</span><span class="wpb-assessment_cat">Cultural Evolution articles</span></span></td><td class="mbox-empty-cell"></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="error">Please add the quality rating to the <code>{{WikiProject banner shell}}</code> template instead of this project banner. See <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:PIQA" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:PIQA">WP:PIQA</a> for details.</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237879475"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1256394742"><table class="tmbox tmbox-notice mw-collapsible innercollapse wpb wpb-table"><tbody><tr class="wpb-header"><td class="wpb-header-icon"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_uc_psi_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Greek_uc_psi_icon.svg/27px-Greek_uc_psi_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Greek_uc_psi_icon.svg/40px-Greek_uc_psi_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Greek_uc_psi_icon.svg/53px-Greek_uc_psi_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="94"/></a></span></td><td class="wpb-header-combined"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Psychology" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Psychology">Psychology</a> <span class="wpb-header-bubbles class-c">C‑class</span> <span class="wpb-header-bubbles import-low">Low‑importance</span></td></tr><tr><td class="mbox-text wpb-main" colspan="2"><table><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image wpb-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_uc_psi_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Greek_uc_psi_icon.svg/80px-Greek_uc_psi_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Greek_uc_psi_icon.svg/120px-Greek_uc_psi_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Greek_uc_psi_icon.svg/160px-Greek_uc_psi_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="94"/></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239009302"><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Psi2.svg/28px-Psi2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Psi2.svg/42px-Psi2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Psi2.svg/56px-Psi2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100"/></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Psychology" title="Portal:Psychology">Psychology portal</a></span></li></ul>This article is within the scope of <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Psychology" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Psychology">WikiProject Psychology</a></b>, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of <a href="/wiki/Psychology" title="Psychology">Psychology</a> on Wikipedia. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Psychology" title="Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Psychology">the discussion</a> and see a list of open tasks.<span class="metadata wpb-metadata"><span class="wpb-project">Psychology</span><span class="wpb-project_link">Wikipedia:WikiProject Psychology</span><span class="wpb-banner_name">Template:WikiProject Psychology</span><span class="wpb-assessment_cat">psychology articles</span></span></td><td class="mbox-empty-cell"></td></tr><tr><td class="assess class-c"><a href="/wiki/Category:C-Class_psychology_articles" title="Category:C-Class psychology articles">C</a></td><td class="mbox-text" colspan="2">This article has been rated as <b>C-class</b> on Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Content_assessment" title="Wikipedia:Content assessment">content assessment</a> scale.</td></tr><tr><td class="assess import-low"><a href="/wiki/Category:Low-importance_psychology_articles" title="Category:Low-importance psychology articles">Low</a></td><td class="mbox-text" colspan="2">This article has been rated as <b>Low-importance</b> on the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Psychology/Assessment#Importance_scale" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Psychology/Assessment">project's importance scale</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="error">Please add the quality rating to the <code>{{WikiProject banner shell}}</code> template instead of this project banner. See <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:PIQA" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:PIQA">WP:PIQA</a> for details.</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237879475"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1256394742"><table class="tmbox tmbox-notice mw-collapsible innercollapse wpb wpb-table"><tbody><tr class="wpb-header"><td class="wpb-header-icon"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Religious_syms.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Religious_syms.svg/25px-Religious_syms.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Religious_syms.svg/38px-Religious_syms.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Religious_syms.svg/50px-Religious_syms.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="768"/></a></span></td><td class="wpb-header-combined"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Religion" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Religion">Religion</a> <span class="wpb-header-bubbles class-c">C‑class</span> <span class="wpb-header-bubbles import-low">Low‑importance</span></td></tr><tr><td class="mbox-text wpb-main" colspan="2"><table><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image wpb-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Religious_syms.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Religious_syms.svg/80px-Religious_syms.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Religious_syms.svg/120px-Religious_syms.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Religious_syms.svg/160px-Religious_syms.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="768"/></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239009302"><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_religion_world.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/31px-P_religion_world.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/47px-P_religion_world.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/62px-P_religion_world.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360"/></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Religion" title="Portal:Religion">Religion portal</a></span></li></ul>This article is within the scope of <i><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Religion" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Religion">WikiProject Religion</a></b></i>, a project to improve Wikipedia's articles on <b><a href="/wiki/Religion" title="Religion">Religion</a></b>-related subjects. Please participate by editing the article, and help us <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Religion/Assessment" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Religion/Assessment">assess and improve</a> articles to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_is_a_good_article" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:What is a good article">good</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Version_1.0_Editorial_Team" title="Wikipedia:Version 1.0 Editorial Team">1.0</a> standards, or visit the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Religion" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Religion">wikiproject page</a> for more details.<span class="metadata wpb-metadata"><span class="wpb-project">Religion</span><span class="wpb-project_link">Wikipedia:WikiProject Religion</span><span class="wpb-banner_name">Template:WikiProject Religion</span><span class="wpb-assessment_cat">Religion articles</span></span></td><td class="mbox-empty-cell"></td></tr><tr><td class="assess class-c"><a href="/wiki/Category:C-Class_Religion_articles" title="Category:C-Class Religion articles">C</a></td><td class="mbox-text" colspan="2">This article has been rated as <b>C-class</b> on Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Content_assessment" title="Wikipedia:Content assessment">content assessment</a> scale.</td></tr><tr><td class="assess import-low"><a href="/wiki/Category:Low-importance_Religion_articles" title="Category:Low-importance Religion articles">Low</a></td><td class="mbox-text" colspan="2">This article has been rated as <b>Low-importance</b> on the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Religion/Assessment#Importance_scale" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Religion/Assessment">project's importance scale</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="error">Please add the quality rating to the <code>{{WikiProject banner shell}}</code> template instead of this project banner. See <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:PIQA" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:PIQA">WP:PIQA</a> for details.</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237879475"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1256394742"><table class="tmbox tmbox-notice mw-collapsible innercollapse wpb wpb-table"><tbody><tr class="wpb-header"><td class="wpb-header-icon"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Christian_cross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Christian_cross.svg/18px-Christian_cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Christian_cross.svg/27px-Christian_cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Christian_cross.svg/36px-Christian_cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="404" data-file-height="564"/></a></span></td><td class="wpb-header-combined"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Christianity" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Christianity">Christianity</a> <span class="wpb-header-bubbles class-c">C‑class</span> <span class="wpb-header-bubbles import-mid">Mid‑importance</span></td></tr><tr><td class="mbox-text wpb-main" colspan="2"><table><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image wpb-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Christian_cross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Christian_cross.svg/50px-Christian_cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Christian_cross.svg/75px-Christian_cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Christian_cross.svg/100px-Christian_cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="404" data-file-height="564"/></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239009302"><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/31px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/47px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/62px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360"/></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Christianity" title="Portal:Christianity">Christianity portal</a></span></li></ul>This article is within the scope of <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Christianity" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Christianity">WikiProject Christianity</a></b>, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> on Wikipedia. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Christianity">the discussion</a> and see a list of open tasks.<span class="metadata wpb-metadata"><span class="wpb-project">Christianity</span><span class="wpb-project_link">Wikipedia:WikiProject Christianity</span><span class="wpb-banner_name">Template:WikiProject Christianity</span><span class="wpb-assessment_cat">Christianity articles</span></span></td><td class="mbox-empty-cell"></td></tr><tr><td class="assess class-c"><a href="/wiki/Category:C-Class_Christianity_articles" title="Category:C-Class Christianity articles">C</a></td><td class="mbox-text" colspan="2">This article has been rated as <b>C-class</b> on Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Content_assessment" title="Wikipedia:Content assessment">content assessment</a> scale.</td></tr><tr><td class="assess import-mid"><a href="/wiki/Category:Mid-importance_Christianity_articles" title="Category:Mid-importance Christianity articles">Mid</a></td><td class="mbox-text" colspan="2">This article has been rated as <b>Mid-importance</b> on the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Christianity/Assessment#Importance_scale" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Christianity/Assessment">project's importance scale</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="error">Please add the quality rating to the <code>{{WikiProject banner shell}}</code> template instead of this project banner. See <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:PIQA" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:PIQA">WP:PIQA</a> for details.</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237879475"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1256394742"><table class="tmbox tmbox-notice mw-collapsible innercollapse wpb wpb-table"><tbody><tr class="wpb-header"><td class="wpb-header-icon"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/18px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/28px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/37px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="815" data-file-height="1105"/></a></span></td><td class="wpb-header-combined"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Catholicism" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Catholicism">Catholicism</a> <span class="wpb-header-bubbles class-c">C‑class</span> <span class="wpb-header-bubbles import-mid">Mid‑importance</span></td></tr><tr><td class="mbox-text wpb-main" colspan="2"><table><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image wpb-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/60px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/90px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/120px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="815" data-file-height="1105"/></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239009302"><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/48px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/64px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600"/></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholic_Church" title="Portal:Catholic Church">Catholic Church portal</a></span></li></ul><i><b>Western culture</b></i> is within the scope of <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Catholicism" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Catholicism">WikiProject Catholicism</a></b>, an attempt to better organize and improve the quality of information in articles related to the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a>. For more information, visit the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Catholicism" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Catholicism">project page</a>.<span class="metadata wpb-metadata"><span class="wpb-project">Catholicism</span><span class="wpb-project_link">Wikipedia:WikiProject Catholicism</span><span class="wpb-banner_name">Template:WikiProject Catholicism</span><span class="wpb-assessment_cat">Catholicism articles</span></span></td><td class="mbox-empty-cell"></td></tr><tr><td class="assess class-c"><a href="/wiki/Category:C-Class_Catholicism_articles" title="Category:C-Class Catholicism articles">C</a></td><td class="mbox-text" colspan="2">This article has been rated as <b>C-class</b> on Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Content_assessment" title="Wikipedia:Content assessment">content assessment</a> scale.</td></tr><tr><td class="assess import-mid"><a href="/wiki/Category:Mid-importance_Catholicism_articles" title="Category:Mid-importance Catholicism articles">Mid</a></td><td class="mbox-text" colspan="2">This article has been rated as <b>Mid-importance</b> on the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Catholicism/Assessment#Importance_scale" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Catholicism/Assessment">project's importance scale</a>.</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0"><table class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="background:transparent;width:100%"><tbody><tr><th style="text-align:left;padding:0.2em 2px 0.2em 0">Catholicism task list:</th></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left;padding:5px;background-color:white;border:1px solid #c0c090;margin-top:5px"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist plainlinks" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;"><ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia%3AWikiProject_Catholicism%2Fto_do&action=edit">edit</a></li><li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia%3AWikiProject_Catholicism%2Fto_do&action=history">history</a></li><li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia%3AWikiProject_Catholicism%2Fto_do&action=watch">watch</a></li><li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia%3AWikiProject_Catholicism%2Fto_do&action=purge">purge</a></li></ul> </div> <table style="background:none;color:inherit;width:auto;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:top;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_korganizer.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e6/Nuvola_apps_korganizer.svg/50px-Nuvola_apps_korganizer.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e6/Nuvola_apps_korganizer.svg/75px-Nuvola_apps_korganizer.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e6/Nuvola_apps_korganizer.svg/100px-Nuvola_apps_korganizer.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128"/></a></span><br/><div style="width: 55px; height: 0px;"></div> </td> <td> <div style="position: relative; left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; z-index: 15;">Here are some tasks awaiting attention: <ul style="font-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0.3em 0px 0.3em 25px;"> <li><b><i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Requested_articles" title="Wikipedia:Requested articles">Article requests</a></i> :</b> see <a href="/wiki/Category:Draft-Class_Catholicism_articles" title="Category:Draft-Class Catholicism articles">Draft articles</a></li><li><b><i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Content_assessment" title="Wikipedia:Content assessment">Assess</a></i> :</b> see <a href="/wiki/Category:Unassessed_Catholicism_articles" title="Category:Unassessed Catholicism articles">Category:Unassessed Catholicism articles</a>; <a href="/wiki/Category:Unknown-importance_Catholicism_articles" title="Category:Unknown-importance Catholicism articles">Category:Unknown-importance Catholicism articles</a></li><li><b><i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cleanup" title="Wikipedia:Cleanup">Cleanup</a></i> :</b> <a href="/wiki/Blessed_Virgin_Mary" class="mw-redirect" title="Blessed Virgin Mary">Blessed Virgin Mary</a> (see the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Veneration_of_Mary_in_Roman_Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Talk:Veneration of Mary in Roman Catholicism">talk page</a>)</li><li><b><i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Collaborations" title="Wikipedia:Collaborations">Collaborate</a></i> :</b> Invitation template needed, see <a href="/wiki/Category:WikiProject_invitation_templates" title="Category:WikiProject invitation templates">Category:WikiProject invitation templates</a></li><li><b><i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Basic_copyediting" title="Wikipedia:Basic copyediting">Copyedit</a></i> :</b> <a href="/wiki/Cuthbert_Tunstall" title="Cuthbert Tunstall">Cuthbert Tunstall</a></li><li><b><i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Writing_better_articles" title="Wikipedia:Writing better articles">Expand</a></i> :</b> <a href="/wiki/Angelus" title="Angelus">Angelus</a>; <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholicism_in_Kosovo" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholicism in Kosovo">Roman Catholicism in Kosovo</a>; <a href="/wiki/Adolph_John_Paschang" title="Adolph John Paschang">Bishop Adolph John Paschang</a>; <a href="/wiki/Cum_s%C3%A6pe_accidere" class="mw-redirect" title="Cum sæpe accidere">Cum sæpe accidere</a>; <a href="/wiki/Altar_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Altar Society">Altar Society</a>; <a href="/wiki/American_Board_of_Catholic_Missions" title="American Board of Catholic Missions">American Board of Catholic Missions</a>; <a href="/wiki/Bernard_H%C3%A4ring" class="mw-redirect" title="Bernard Häring">Bernard Häring</a></li><li><b><i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">NPOV</a></i> :</b> <a href="/wiki/Americanism_(heresy)" title="Americanism (heresy)">Americanism (heresy)</a>; <a href="/wiki/Ensoulment" title="Ensoulment">Ensoulment</a></li><li><b><i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Requested_pictures" title="Wikipedia:Requested pictures">Photo</a></i> :</b> see <a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_requested_photographs_of_Catholicism" title="Category:Wikipedia requested photographs of Catholicism">Category:Wikipedia requested photographs of Catholicism</a></li><li><b><i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub" title="Wikipedia:Stub">Stubs</a></i> :</b> see <a href="/wiki/Category:Stub-Class_Catholicism_articles" title="Category:Stub-Class Catholicism articles">Category:Stub-Class Catholicism articles</a>; <a href="/wiki/Category:Catholic_Church_stubs" title="Category:Catholic Church stubs">Category:Catholic Church stubs</a></li><li><b><i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:As_of" title="Wikipedia:As of">Update</a></i> :</b> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:PR" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:PR">Peer review</a>; <a href="/wiki/John_Aloysius_Maguire" class="mw-redirect" title="John Aloysius Maguire">John Aloysius Maguire</a></li><li><b><i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">Verify</a></i> :</b> <a href="/wiki/Archdiocese_of_Glasgow" title="Archdiocese of Glasgow">Archdiocese of Glasgow</a>; <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Westminster" title="Archbishop of Westminster">Archbishop of Westminster</a>; <a href="/wiki/Bishop" title="Bishop">Bishop</a>; <a href="/wiki/Saint_Mungo" title="Saint Mungo">Saint Mungo</a>; <a href="/wiki/Sanctification" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanctification">Sanctification</a>; <a href="/wiki/Westminster_Cathedral" title="Westminster Cathedral">Westminster Cathedral</a></li><li><b><i>Other</i> :</b> Watch <a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Catholicism/Articles" title="Special:RecentChangesLinked/Wikipedia:WikiProject Catholicism/Articles">recent changes</a> for Catholicism articles</li> </ul> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="error">Please add the quality rating to the <code>{{WikiProject banner shell}}</code> template instead of this project banner. See <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:PIQA" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:PIQA">WP:PIQA</a> for details.</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237879475"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1256394742"><table class="tmbox tmbox-notice mw-collapsible innercollapse wpb wpb-table"><tbody><tr class="wpb-header"><td class="wpb-header-icon"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vista_Login_Manager_Cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Vista_Login_Manager_Cropped.svg/33px-Vista_Login_Manager_Cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="33" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Vista_Login_Manager_Cropped.svg/50px-Vista_Login_Manager_Cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Vista_Login_Manager_Cropped.svg/66px-Vista_Login_Manager_Cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="76"/></a></span></td><td class="wpb-header-combined"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Sociology" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Sociology">Sociology</a> <span class="wpb-header-bubbles class-c">C‑class</span> <span class="wpb-header-bubbles import-low">Low‑importance</span></td></tr><tr><td class="mbox-text wpb-main" colspan="2"><table><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image wpb-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vista_Login_Manager_Cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Vista_Login_Manager_Cropped.svg/80px-Vista_Login_Manager_Cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="61" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Vista_Login_Manager_Cropped.svg/120px-Vista_Login_Manager_Cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Vista_Login_Manager_Cropped.svg/160px-Vista_Login_Manager_Cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="76"/></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239009302"><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Social_sciences.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/32px-Social_sciences.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/48px-Social_sciences.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/64px-Social_sciences.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="139" data-file-height="122"/></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Society" title="Portal:Society">Society portal</a></span></li></ul>This article is within the scope of <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Sociology" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Sociology">WikiProject Sociology</a></b>, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of <a href="/wiki/Sociology" title="Sociology">sociology</a> on Wikipedia. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Sociology" title="Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Sociology">the discussion</a> and see a list of open tasks.<span class="metadata wpb-metadata"><span class="wpb-project">Sociology</span><span class="wpb-project_link">Wikipedia:WikiProject Sociology</span><span class="wpb-banner_name">Template:WikiProject Sociology</span><span class="wpb-assessment_cat">sociology articles</span></span></td><td class="mbox-empty-cell"></td></tr><tr><td class="assess class-c"><a href="/wiki/Category:C-Class_sociology_articles" title="Category:C-Class sociology articles">C</a></td><td class="mbox-text" colspan="2">This article has been rated as <b>C-class</b> on Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Content_assessment" title="Wikipedia:Content assessment">content assessment</a> scale.</td></tr><tr><td class="assess import-low"><a href="/wiki/Category:Low-importance_sociology_articles" title="Category:Low-importance sociology articles">Low</a></td><td class="mbox-text" colspan="2">This article has been rated as <b>Low-importance</b> on the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Sociology/Assessment#Importance_scale" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Sociology/Assessment">project's importance scale</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Outline_of_knowledge_coverage&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Outline of knowledge coverage (page does not exist)">Template:Outline of knowledge coverage</a> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237879475"><table class="plainlinks tmbox tmbox-notice" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Clipboard.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Articles for deletion"><img alt="Articles for deletion" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1f/Clipboard.svg/35px-Clipboard.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1f/Clipboard.svg/53px-Clipboard.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1f/Clipboard.svg/70px-Clipboard.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48"/></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text">This article was previously nominated for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Deletion_policy" title="Wikipedia:Deletion policy">deletion</a>. The result of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Western_culture" title="Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Western culture">the discussion</a> was <b>keep</b>.</td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237879475"> <table id="archivebox" role="presentation" class="tmbox tmbox-notice mbox-small" style="text-align: center; padding: 1em;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:0.6em 0 0.25em;"> <div style="width:100%; overflow:hidden;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Replacement_filing_cabinet.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/2a/Replacement_filing_cabinet.svg/40px-Replacement_filing_cabinet.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/2a/Replacement_filing_cabinet.svg/60px-Replacement_filing_cabinet.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/2a/Replacement_filing_cabinet.svg/80px-Replacement_filing_cabinet.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200"/></a></span><br/><b>Archives</b></div> </td></tr><tr> <td class="plainlinks"> <p><a href="/wiki/User:ClueBot_III/Master_Detailed_Indices/Talk:Western_culture" title="User:ClueBot III/Master Detailed Indices/Talk:Western culture">Index</a> <a href="/wiki/Talk:Western_culture/Archive_1" title="Talk:Western culture/Archive 1">1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Talk:Western_culture/Archive_2" title="Talk:Western culture/Archive 2">2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Talk:Western_culture/Archive_3" title="Talk:Western culture/Archive 3">3</a>, <a href="/wiki/Talk:Western_culture/Archive_4" title="Talk:Western culture/Archive 4">4</a> </p> </td> </tr><tr><td style="padding-bottom:11px"><div class="mw-inputbox-centered" style=""><form name="searchbox" class="searchbox mw-inputbox-form" action="/wiki/Special:Search"><div class="cdx-text-input"><input class="mw-inputbox-input mw-searchInput searchboxInput cdx-text-input__input" name="search" placeholder="" size="22" dir="ltr"/></div><input type="hidden" value="Talk:Western culture/" name="prefix"/><br/><input type="submit" name="fulltext" value="Search archives" class="cdx-button"/><input type="hidden" value="Search" name="fulltext"/></form></div> </td></tr><tr><td style="padding:0px 10px; font-size:11.9px;"> <hr/> This page has archives. Sections older than <b>365 days</b> may be automatically archived by <span class="nowraplinks"><a href="/wiki/User:ClueBot_III" title="User:ClueBot III">ClueBot III</a></span> when more than 8 sections are present.</td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><br/> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc"/> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Christian_bias" data-mw-thread-id="h-Christian_bias-2018-10-25T01:27:00.000Z"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Christian_bias-2018-10-25T01:27:00.000Z"></span>Christian bias<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Christian_bias-2018-10-25T01:27:00.000Z"></span></h2><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-bar"><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-metadata"></div><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-actions"></div></div></div> <span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Drmies-2018-10-26T23:48:00.000Z-Christian_bias"></span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1256395271">.mw-parser-output .hidden-archive{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:0.2em auto 0;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .hat-header{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center;background-color:#f2dfce;color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .hat-content{border:solid 1px silver;padding:8px;background-color:#fff4f2;color:inherit;text-align:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .hat-header{background-color:#492b13}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .hat-content{background-color:#391c19}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .hat-header{background-color:#492b13}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .hat-content{background-color:#391c19}}</style> <table class="hidden-archive mw-collapsible mw-archivedtalk mw-collapsed"> <tbody><tr> <th class="hat-header">Enough forum posting. <a href="/wiki/User:Drmies" title="User:Drmies">Drmies</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Drmies" title="User talk:Drmies">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Western_culture#c-Drmies-2018-10-26T23:48:00.000Z-Christian_bias" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">23:48, 26 October 2018 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Drmies-2018-10-26T23:48:00.000Z-Christian_bias"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Drmies-2018-10-26T23:48:00.000Z-Christian_bias"></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="font-style:italic;"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Anilating-2018-10-25T01:27:00.000Z-Christian_bias"></span>The following discussion has been closed. <span style="color:var(--color-error, red);"><b>Please do not modify it.</b></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="hat-content"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sciences_humaines.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Sciences_humaines.svg/40px-Sciences_humaines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Sciences_humaines.svg/60px-Sciences_humaines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Sciences_humaines.svg/80px-Sciences_humaines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256"/></a></span> This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2019-01-06">6 January 2019</span> and <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2019-04-19">19 April 2019</span>. Further details are available <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wiki_Ed/Delta_College,_Michigan/Western_Civilization_I_(Winter_2019)" title="Wikipedia:Wiki Ed/Delta College, Michigan/Western Civilization I (Winter 2019)">on the course page</a>. Student editor(s): <a href="/wiki/User:Kayceemoergeli" title="User:Kayceemoergeli">Kayceemoergeli</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://xtools.wmflabs.org/topedits/en.wikipedia.org/Kayceemoergeli/0/Western+culture">article contribs</a>). <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sciences_humaines.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Sciences_humaines.svg/40px-Sciences_humaines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Sciences_humaines.svg/60px-Sciences_humaines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Sciences_humaines.svg/80px-Sciences_humaines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256"/></a></span> This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2019-08-29">29 August 2019</span> and <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2019-12-13">13 December 2019</span>. Further details are available <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wiki_Ed/Georgetown_University/WRIT_015-11-_Banned_and_Challenged_Books_(Fall_2019)" title="Wikipedia:Wiki Ed/Georgetown University/WRIT 015-11- Banned and Challenged Books (Fall 2019)">on the course page</a>. Student editor(s): <a href="/w/index.php?title=User:Bhousey7785&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="User:Bhousey7785 (page does not exist)">Bhousey7785</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://xtools.wmflabs.org/topedits/en.wikipedia.org/Bhousey7785/0/Western+culture">article contribs</a>). </p><p>This article, like its companion "Christian culture", ascribes too much importance to Christian religion for the development of "Western" civilization; relying mostly on dubious 20th century essays written by biased Christian authors as references. </p><p>It is suspicious that an article about a civilization is littered so profusely with credits to Christianity. The article should strictly be about the civilization itself and not the religion that was prominent at certain times. The bulk of Western civilization was created by non-Christian Europeans, and important contributions made by Islamic cultures and the Mongols (see "Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World") are ignored, even over the supposed contributions of <i>Jews</i>. </p><p>The implication here is of course that this article has been hijacked by Judeo-Christian kooks who are looking to credit their two-bit religion with the creation of Western civilization; which <b>actually peaked long before the adoption of Christianity</b> (concurrent with multiple military defeats and submission to more advanced Islam and the receiving of culture from non-Islamic cultures), and <b>didn't begin to rebound until after the rejection of the primacy of Christianity</b> (Age of Enlightenment). </p><p><br/> Christianity was essentially the ghetto of Western civilization. Not unexpected for a religion that came from the ghetto, and which is today most common in ghettoes. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=User:Anilating&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="User:Anilating (page does not exist)">Anilating</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Anilating" title="User talk:Anilating">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Western_culture#c-Anilating-2018-10-25T01:27:00.000Z-Christian_bias" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">01:27, 25 October 2018 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Anilating-2018-10-25T01:27:00.000Z-Christian_bias"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Anilating-2018-10-25T01:27:00.000Z-Christian_bias"></span> </p> <dl><dd><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-UltimateHope-2018-10-25T04:01:00.000Z-Anilating-2018-10-25T01:27:00.000Z"></span>You clearly have anti-Christian and anti-semitic bias. Go read a book.<a href="/wiki/User:UltimateHope" title="User:UltimateHope">UltimateHope</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:UltimateHope" title="User talk:UltimateHope">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Western_culture#c-UltimateHope-2018-10-25T04:01:00.000Z-Anilating-2018-10-25T01:27:00.000Z" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">04:01, 25 October 2018 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-UltimateHope-2018-10-25T04:01:00.000Z-Anilating-2018-10-25T01:27:00.000Z"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-UltimateHope-2018-10-25T04:01:00.000Z-Anilating-2018-10-25T01:27:00.000Z"></span> <dl><dd><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-UltimateHope-2018-10-25T04:02:00.000Z-UltimateHope-2018-10-25T04:01:00.000Z"></span>"The origin of western civilization is usually dated to 700 or 800 AD. In general, researchers consider that it has three main components, in Europe, North America and Latin America. [...] However, Latin America has followed a quite different development path from Europe and North..."<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>-secular intellectual <a href="/wiki/Samuel_P._Huntington" title="Samuel P. Huntington">Samuel P. Huntington</a>.<a href="/wiki/User:UltimateHope" title="User:UltimateHope">UltimateHope</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:UltimateHope" title="User talk:UltimateHope">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Western_culture#c-UltimateHope-2018-10-25T04:02:00.000Z-UltimateHope-2018-10-25T04:01:00.000Z" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">04:02, 25 October 2018 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-UltimateHope-2018-10-25T04:02:00.000Z-UltimateHope-2018-10-25T04:01:00.000Z"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-UltimateHope-2018-10-25T04:02:00.000Z-UltimateHope-2018-10-25T04:01:00.000Z"></span></dd></dl></dd></dl> <dl><dd><dl><dd><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-UltimateHope-2018-10-26T12:31:00.000Z-UltimateHope-2018-10-25T04:01:00.000Z"></span>Samuel Huntington has demonstrated much anti-Islamic and pro-Christian bias as evidenced by the page you link. He is also accused of academic fraud by Serge Lang, limiting his credulity for wholly unsourced claims such as "most people agree Western civ began 1300 years ago". <dl><dd>Evidence, please?<a href="/wiki/User:UltimateHope" title="User:UltimateHope">UltimateHope</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:UltimateHope" title="User talk:UltimateHope">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Western_culture#c-UltimateHope-2018-10-26T12:31:00.000Z-UltimateHope-2018-10-25T04:01:00.000Z" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">12:31, 26 October 2018 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-UltimateHope-2018-10-26T12:31:00.000Z-UltimateHope-2018-10-25T04:01:00.000Z"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-UltimateHope-2018-10-26T12:31:00.000Z-UltimateHope-2018-10-25T04:01:00.000Z"></span></dd></dl></dd> <dd><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Anilating-2018-10-25T12:43:00.000Z-Christian_bias"></span>The Wikipedia article already acknowledges the obvious fact that the bulk of Western civilization was laid in ancient Greece and Rome, hundreds of years before Christ existed. So Samuel Huntington's crackhead quote doesn't justify the blatant Christian bias in the article, which is quite honestly shameless and recalls "We Wuz Kangz" LARPery. Christianity was a ghetto religion and marked an era of great poverty and suffering in Europe; Islamic contributions ought to get more rep than Christian ones if we are going to stupidly mend supposed human developments with the religion of their creators.</dd></dl></dd></dl> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=User:Anilating&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="User:Anilating (page does not exist)">Anilating</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Anilating" title="User talk:Anilating">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Western_culture#c-Anilating-2018-10-25T12:43:00.000Z-Christian_bias" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">12:43, 25 October 2018 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Anilating-2018-10-25T12:43:00.000Z-Christian_bias"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Anilating-2018-10-25T12:43:00.000Z-Christian_bias"></span> </p><p><b><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Staszek_Lem-2018-10-25T22:21:00.000Z-Christian_bias"></span>Modern</b> Western civilization in modern sense was rooted in the Antiquity, but shaped by Christianity, so I see no particular bias worth of shouting loud but rather usual Wikipedia sloppiness in broad-scope articles. If you have specific suggestions on article improvement, bring them here. Yes Christianity was a major effector, both positive and negative. Of course neither the Jews nor popes invented moral norms, but Christianity did work hard to enforce them. And so on. <a href="/w/index.php?title=User:Staszek_Lem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="User:Staszek Lem (page does not exist)">Staszek Lem</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Staszek_Lem" class="mw-redirect" title="User talk:Staszek Lem">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Western_culture#c-Staszek_Lem-2018-10-25T22:21:00.000Z-Christian_bias" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">22:21, 25 October 2018 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Staszek_Lem-2018-10-25T22:21:00.000Z-Christian_bias"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Staszek_Lem-2018-10-25T22:21:00.000Z-Christian_bias"></span> </p> <dl><dd><i><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Anilating-2018-10-25T22:56:00.000Z-Staszek_Lem-2018-10-25T22:21:00.000Z"></span>Moral norms</i> are a small part of civilization and the article itself. The primary contents of the article are art, science/technology, media, sports and religion. Yet references to Christianity are exhaustive at the beginning of the article; even though Christianity has absolutely nothing to do with the development of art, technology, media or sports. And the supposed shaping of Western civ by Christianity is only referenced with extremely low quality, obscure mid-20th century books written by Christian authors. The article is CLEARLY hijacked by Judeo-Christian zealots. <a href="/w/index.php?title=User:Anilating&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="User:Anilating (page does not exist)">Anilating</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Anilating" title="User talk:Anilating">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Western_culture#c-Anilating-2018-10-25T22:56:00.000Z-Staszek_Lem-2018-10-25T22:21:00.000Z" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">22:56, 25 October 2018 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Anilating-2018-10-25T22:56:00.000Z-Staszek_Lem-2018-10-25T22:21:00.000Z"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Anilating-2018-10-25T22:56:00.000Z-Staszek_Lem-2018-10-25T22:21:00.000Z"></span> <dl><dd><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Staszek_Lem-2018-10-26T00:23:00.000Z-Anilating-2018-10-25T22:56:00.000Z"></span>Please refrain from attacking wikipedians, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NPA" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NPA">WP:NPA</a>; other wise you will get yourself into troubles.<a href="/w/index.php?title=User:Staszek_Lem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="User:Staszek Lem (page does not exist)">Staszek Lem</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Staszek_Lem" class="mw-redirect" title="User talk:Staszek Lem">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Western_culture#c-Staszek_Lem-2018-10-26T00:23:00.000Z-Anilating-2018-10-25T22:56:00.000Z" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">00:23, 26 October 2018 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Staszek_Lem-2018-10-26T00:23:00.000Z-Anilating-2018-10-25T22:56:00.000Z"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Staszek_Lem-2018-10-26T00:23:00.000Z-Anilating-2018-10-25T22:56:00.000Z"></span></dd> <dd><i><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Staszek_Lem-2018-10-26T00:23:00.000Z-Anilating-2018-10-25T22:56:00.000Z-1"></span>Second time</i>: What <i>specific</i> changes are you planning to introduce in the article? <a href="/w/index.php?title=User:Staszek_Lem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="User:Staszek Lem (page does not exist)">Staszek Lem</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Staszek_Lem" class="mw-redirect" title="User talk:Staszek Lem">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Western_culture#c-Staszek_Lem-2018-10-26T00:23:00.000Z-Anilating-2018-10-25T22:56:00.000Z-1" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">00:23, 26 October 2018 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Staszek_Lem-2018-10-26T00:23:00.000Z-Anilating-2018-10-25T22:56:00.000Z-1"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Staszek_Lem-2018-10-26T00:23:00.000Z-Anilating-2018-10-25T22:56:00.000Z-1"></span></dd> <dd><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Staszek_Lem-2018-10-26T00:23:00.000Z-Anilating-2018-10-25T22:56:00.000Z-2"></span>Where in the article you see how Christianity impacted sports and media? Where in the article undie weight is given to development of technology? <a href="/w/index.php?title=User:Staszek_Lem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="User:Staszek Lem (page does not exist)">Staszek Lem</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Staszek_Lem" class="mw-redirect" title="User talk:Staszek Lem">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Western_culture#c-Staszek_Lem-2018-10-26T00:23:00.000Z-Anilating-2018-10-25T22:56:00.000Z-2" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">00:23, 26 October 2018 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Staszek_Lem-2018-10-26T00:23:00.000Z-Anilating-2018-10-25T22:56:00.000Z-2"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Staszek_Lem-2018-10-26T00:23:00.000Z-Anilating-2018-10-25T22:56:00.000Z-2"></span></dd></dl></dd></dl> <dl><dd><dl><dd><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Anilating-2018-10-26T00:45:00.000Z-Christian_bias"></span>Clearly English is not your first language; because that is exactly my point. Christianity is uninfluential in the bulk of the articles' subjects; yet an exhaustive amount of credit is given to Christianity in the article's introduction; at the top of the page. Christianity has been wholly uninfluential to the development of Western civilization; the fact that a guy who happened to be a Christian wrote some law does not justify the excessive Christian celebrity in the articles' introduction.</dd></dl></dd></dl> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=User:Anilating&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="User:Anilating (page does not exist)">Anilating</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Anilating" title="User talk:Anilating">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Western_culture#c-Anilating-2018-10-26T00:45:00.000Z-Christian_bias" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">00:45, 26 October 2018 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Anilating-2018-10-26T00:45:00.000Z-Christian_bias"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Anilating-2018-10-26T00:45:00.000Z-Christian_bias"></span> </p> <dl><dd><dl><dd><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Staszek_Lem-2018-10-26T00:23:00.000Z-Anilating-2018-10-26T00:45:00.000Z"></span>"Obscure books" - we have <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:RS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:RS">WP:RS</a> policy. If you think the books are insufficiently reputable, please discuss them one by one. <a href="/w/index.php?title=User:Staszek_Lem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="User:Staszek Lem (page does not exist)">Staszek Lem</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Staszek_Lem" class="mw-redirect" title="User talk:Staszek Lem">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Western_culture#c-Staszek_Lem-2018-10-26T00:23:00.000Z-Anilating-2018-10-26T00:45:00.000Z" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">00:23, 26 October 2018 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Staszek_Lem-2018-10-26T00:23:00.000Z-Anilating-2018-10-26T00:45:00.000Z"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Staszek_Lem-2018-10-26T00:23:00.000Z-Anilating-2018-10-26T00:45:00.000Z"></span></dd></dl></dd></dl> <dl><dd><dl><dd><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Phmoreno-2018-10-25T23:53:00.000Z-Anilating-2018-10-26T00:45:00.000Z"></span>Christianity made important contributions to philosophy and law and created an environment favorable to science.</dd></dl></dd></dl> <p><br/> </p> <pre><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </pre> <ul><li><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 191">: 191 </span></sup>Cannon law developed by the monk Gratian around 1140. It was a systematic organization and compilation and was the first systematic legal treatise in the West.</li> <li><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 198">: 198 </span></sup>“The idea of rights is one of the most distinctive aspects of Western civilization, and scholars are increasingly coming to acknowledge that it, too, comes from the Church.”</li> <li><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 201">: 201 </span></sup>Western moral values derive from the Catholic idea of the sacredness of human life. The uniqueness and value of each person, by virtue of the immortal soul, was nowhere to be found in the ancient world. Where the poor, the sick or the weak were treated with contempt and sometimes abandoned. Catholics spoke out against infanticide, which was accepted in Greece and Rome.</li> <li><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 201">: 201 </span></sup>During the period 1150-1300 there developed a vocabulary related to natural rights. Natural rights that were defined included property, marriage and self-defense. A prince or the state had no jurisdiction over rights based on natural law.<a href="/wiki/User:Phmoreno" title="User:Phmoreno">Phmoreno</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Phmoreno" title="User talk:Phmoreno">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Western_culture#c-Phmoreno-2018-10-25T23:53:00.000Z-Anilating-2018-10-26T00:45:00.000Z" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">23:53, 25 October 2018 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Phmoreno-2018-10-25T23:53:00.000Z-Anilating-2018-10-26T00:45:00.000Z"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Phmoreno-2018-10-25T23:53:00.000Z-Anilating-2018-10-26T00:45:00.000Z"></span></li></ul> <dl><dd><dl><dd><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Anilating-2018-10-26T00:45:00.000Z-Christian_bias-1"></span>No it didn't. Europe was the backwaters of philosphy and law on the global stage and got their ass handed to them by Muslim cultures with more advanced sciences during medieval periods. Muslim and Asian contributions made Europe favorable to science.</dd></dl></dd></dl> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=User:Anilating&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="User:Anilating (page does not exist)">Anilating</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Anilating" title="User talk:Anilating">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Western_culture#c-Anilating-2018-10-26T00:45:00.000Z-Christian_bias-1" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">00:45, 26 October 2018 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Anilating-2018-10-26T00:45:00.000Z-Christian_bias-1"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Anilating-2018-10-26T00:45:00.000Z-Christian_bias-1"></span> </p> <dl><dd><dl><dd><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-UltimateHope-2018-10-26T00:30:00.000Z-Anilating-2018-10-26T00:45:00.000Z"></span>"Scholars USUALLY agree..."Huntington quotes SCHOLARLY consensus, not his own original opinion. No "crackhead quote" here. Also don't delete other's comments just because you don't want others to see them. I don't think you understand what "Western civilization" is (international law, an important part of modern Western civilization, definitely did NOT exist during Ancient Greece and Rome). And "Christianity has absolutely nothing to do with the development of art, technology, media or sports" is blatantly not true, as hundreds of sources throughout academia, some of which are even in this encyclopedia or this very article, will prove. And given your constant neo-Nazism and praise of Islam, it is obvious you are just here to enforce fascist views upon everyone.<a href="/wiki/User:UltimateHope" title="User:UltimateHope">UltimateHope</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:UltimateHope" title="User talk:UltimateHope">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Western_culture#c-UltimateHope-2018-10-26T00:30:00.000Z-Anilating-2018-10-26T00:45:00.000Z" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">00:30, 26 October 2018 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-UltimateHope-2018-10-26T00:30:00.000Z-Anilating-2018-10-26T00:45:00.000Z"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-UltimateHope-2018-10-26T00:30:00.000Z-Anilating-2018-10-26T00:45:00.000Z"></span></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p><br/> </p> <dl><dd><dl><dd><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Anilating-2018-10-26T00:45:00.000Z-Anilating-2018-10-26T00:45:00.000Z"></span>Huntington doesn't quote anyone, and even if he had, a consensus (from the 1950s, no less) isn't fact. Your accusations are laughable.<a href="/w/index.php?title=User:Anilating&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="User:Anilating (page does not exist)">Anilating</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Anilating" title="User talk:Anilating">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Western_culture#c-Anilating-2018-10-26T00:45:00.000Z-Anilating-2018-10-26T00:45:00.000Z" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">00:45, 26 October 2018 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Anilating-2018-10-26T00:45:00.000Z-Anilating-2018-10-26T00:45:00.000Z"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Anilating-2018-10-26T00:45:00.000Z-Anilating-2018-10-26T00:45:00.000Z"></span></dd></dl></dd></dl> <dl><dd><dl><dd><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-UltimateHope-2018-10-26T01:05:00.000Z-Anilating-2018-10-26T00:45:00.000Z"></span>He quotes EVERYONE. And consensus is what defines a fact (evolution is a fact because it is what the current consensus, based on current evidence, decides to be true)Given your obvious use of "ghetto" and standard neo-Nazi rhetoric, the hilariousness of your rejections of my accusations is huge. And this data is not only from the 1950s ,but from contemporary sources as well, and your data is far older (from the 1800s, with scarcely any scholarly supporter in the contemporary era)<a href="/wiki/User:UltimateHope" title="User:UltimateHope">UltimateHope</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:UltimateHope" title="User talk:UltimateHope">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Western_culture#c-UltimateHope-2018-10-26T01:05:00.000Z-Anilating-2018-10-26T00:45:00.000Z" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">01:05, 26 October 2018 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-UltimateHope-2018-10-26T01:05:00.000Z-Anilating-2018-10-26T00:45:00.000Z"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-UltimateHope-2018-10-26T01:05:00.000Z-Anilating-2018-10-26T00:45:00.000Z"></span></dd></dl></dd></dl> <dl><dd><dl><dd><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Anilating-2018-10-26T01:12:00.000Z-Christian_bias"></span>Ha ha ha, he quotes <i>no one</i>, lady. Evolution isn't a fact, it's a theory.</dd></dl></dd></dl> <dl><dd><dl><dd>Exactly what "data" are you referring to? I haven't posted anything.</dd></dl></dd></dl> <dl><dd><dl><dd>Christianity came from the ghetto. Actual fact.</dd></dl></dd></dl> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=User:Anilating&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="User:Anilating (page does not exist)">Anilating</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Anilating" title="User talk:Anilating">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Western_culture#c-Anilating-2018-10-26T01:12:00.000Z-Christian_bias" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">01:12, 26 October 2018 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Anilating-2018-10-26T01:12:00.000Z-Christian_bias"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Anilating-2018-10-26T01:12:00.000Z-Christian_bias"></span> </p> <dl><dd><dl><dd><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-UltimateHope-2018-10-26T01:16:00.000Z-Anilating-2018-10-26T01:12:00.000Z"></span>Now you are just trolling. I hope no one is stupid or bigoted enough to take your posts seriously. You don't even understand what "data" is while pretending to understand it. We're done here.<a href="/wiki/User:UltimateHope" title="User:UltimateHope">UltimateHope</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:UltimateHope" title="User talk:UltimateHope">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Western_culture#c-UltimateHope-2018-10-26T01:16:00.000Z-Anilating-2018-10-26T01:12:00.000Z" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">01:16, 26 October 2018 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-UltimateHope-2018-10-26T01:16:00.000Z-Anilating-2018-10-26T01:12:00.000Z"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-UltimateHope-2018-10-26T01:16:00.000Z-Anilating-2018-10-26T01:12:00.000Z"></span></dd></dl></dd> <dd><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Anilating-2018-10-26T02:35:00.000Z-Christian_bias"></span>See you in the funny papers, clown. :-D</dd></dl> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=User:Anilating&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="User:Anilating (page does not exist)">Anilating</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Anilating" title="User talk:Anilating">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Western_culture#c-Anilating-2018-10-26T02:35:00.000Z-Christian_bias" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">02:35, 26 October 2018 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Anilating-2018-10-26T02:35:00.000Z-Christian_bias"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Anilating-2018-10-26T02:35:00.000Z-Christian_bias"></span> </p> <dl><dd><dl><dd><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-UltimateHope-2018-10-26T06:24:00.000Z-Anilating-2018-10-26T02:35:00.000Z"></span>" "A popular if uninformed manner of speaking refers to the medieval period as "the dark ages."<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of course, you were talking about yourself there, grandpa.<a href="/wiki/User:UltimateHope" title="User:UltimateHope">UltimateHope</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:UltimateHope" title="User talk:UltimateHope">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Western_culture#c-UltimateHope-2018-10-26T06:24:00.000Z-Anilating-2018-10-26T02:35:00.000Z" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">06:24, 26 October 2018 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-UltimateHope-2018-10-26T06:24:00.000Z-Anilating-2018-10-26T02:35:00.000Z"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-UltimateHope-2018-10-26T06:24:00.000Z-Anilating-2018-10-26T02:35:00.000Z"></span></dd></dl></dd></dl> <dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Phmoreno-2018-10-26T14:30:00.000Z-UltimateHope-2018-10-26T06:24:00.000Z"></span>Western culture dates back to the Greeks. Greek philosophy influenced Christianity. Greek philosophy was also fundamentally important to science, especially the logic used in geometry and reasoning by <a href="/wiki/Aristotle" title="Aristotle">Aristotle</a> and others. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Palto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palto (page does not exist)">Palto</a>'s <i>[Republic (Plato)|Republic]]</i> was a monumental contribution to political philosophy.<a href="/wiki/User:Phmoreno" title="User:Phmoreno">Phmoreno</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Phmoreno" title="User talk:Phmoreno">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Western_culture#c-Phmoreno-2018-10-26T14:30:00.000Z-UltimateHope-2018-10-26T06:24:00.000Z" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">14:30, 26 October 2018 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Phmoreno-2018-10-26T14:30:00.000Z-UltimateHope-2018-10-26T06:24:00.000Z"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Phmoreno-2018-10-26T14:30:00.000Z-UltimateHope-2018-10-26T06:24:00.000Z"></span></dd> <dd><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-UltimateHope-2018-10-26T14:39:00.000Z-UltimateHope-2018-10-26T06:24:00.000Z"></span>Yes, but what Huntington means by "western civilisation"-the default academic definition-is the post-classical civilisation bound together by international law, Western European (originally Western Christian) identity and reverence for their Greek and Roman spiritual ancestors.<a href="/wiki/User:UltimateHope" title="User:UltimateHope">UltimateHope</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:UltimateHope" title="User talk:UltimateHope">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Western_culture#c-UltimateHope-2018-10-26T14:39:00.000Z-UltimateHope-2018-10-26T06:24:00.000Z" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">14:39, 26 October 2018 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-UltimateHope-2018-10-26T14:39:00.000Z-UltimateHope-2018-10-26T06:24:00.000Z"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-UltimateHope-2018-10-26T14:39:00.000Z-UltimateHope-2018-10-26T06:24:00.000Z"></span></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/User:UltimateHope" title="User:UltimateHope"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Drmies-2018-10-26T23:48:00.000Z-Anilating-2018-10-26T02:35:00.000Z"></span>UltimateHope</a>, if you're contributing in this discussion it's not really up to you to close it. I'll do it for you. <a href="/wiki/User:Drmies" title="User:Drmies">Drmies</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Drmies" title="User talk:Drmies">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Western_culture#c-Drmies-2018-10-26T23:48:00.000Z-Anilating-2018-10-26T02:35:00.000Z" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">23:48, 26 October 2018 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Drmies-2018-10-26T23:48:00.000Z-Anilating-2018-10-26T02:35:00.000Z"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Drmies-2018-10-26T23:48:00.000Z-Anilating-2018-10-26T02:35:00.000Z"></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1232521257">.mw-parser-output .reflist-talk{margin:auto 0;border:1px dashed var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:4px;padding-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-talk-title{font-weight:bold}</style><div class="reflist-talk"> <p class="reflist-talk-title">References</p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHuntington,_Samuel_P.1991" class="citation book cs1">Huntington, Samuel P. (1991). <i>Clash of Civilizations</i> (6th ed.). Washington, DC. pp. 38–39. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-684-84441-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-684-84441-1"><bdi>978-0-684-84441-1</bdi></a> – via <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.mercaba.org/SANLUIS/Historia/Universal/Huntington,%20Samuel%20-%20El%20choque%20de%20civilizaciones.pdf">http://www.mercaba.org/SANLUIS/Historia/Universal/Huntington,%20Samuel%20-%20El%20choque%20de%20civilizaciones.pdf</a> (in Spanish). <q>The origin of western civilization is usually dated to 700 or 800 AD. In general, researchers consider that it has three main components, in Europe, North America and Latin America. [...] However, Latin America has followed a quite different development path from Europe and North America. Although it is a scion of European civilization, it also incorporates, to varying degrees, elements of indigenous American civilizations, absent from North America and Europe. It has had a corporatist and authoritarian culture that Europe had to a much lesser extent and America did not have at all. Both Europe and North America felt the effects of the Reformation and combined Catholic and Protestant culture. Historically, Latin America has been only Catholic, although this may be changing. [...] Latin America could be considered, or a sub-civilization within Western civilization, or a separate civilization, intimately related to the West and divided as to its belonging to it.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Clash+of+Civilizations&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.pages=38-39&rft.edition=6th&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-684-84441-1&rft.au=Huntington%2C+Samuel+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATalk%3AWestern+culture" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">External link in <code class="cs1-code"><code class="cs1-code">|via=</code></code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#param_has_ext_link" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoods2005" class="citation book cs1">Woods, Thomas E. (2005). <i>How the Catholic Church Built Western Civilization</i>. Washington, DC: Regency Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89526-038-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-89526-038-7"><bdi>0-89526-038-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+the+Catholic+Church+Built+Western+Civilization&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.pub=Regency+Publishing&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-89526-038-7&rft.aulast=Woods&rft.aufirst=Thomas+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATalk%3AWestern+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Literary Transitions, 1300–1500: From Late Mediaeval to Early Modern" in: The Camden House History of German Literature vol IV</span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="change/move_first_image_&_its_caption" data-mw-thread-id="h-change/move_first_image_&_its_caption-2019-06-15T00:45:00.000Z"><span id="change.2Fmove_first_image_.26_its_caption"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-change/move_first_image_&_its_caption-2019-06-15T00:45:00.000Z"></span>change/move first image & its caption<span data-mw-comment-end="h-change/move_first_image_&_its_caption-2019-06-15T00:45:00.000Z"></span></h2><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-bar"><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-metadata"></div><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-actions"></div></div></div> <p><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Pythagimedes-2019-06-15T00:45:00.000Z-change/move_first_image_&_its_caption"></span>The first image on this page—the goat—seems rather inappropriate for the context and for its content. First of all, the caption does not explain the image, and, the length of the caption makes me think this subject should be made into its own section. Secondly, the source is heavily biased toward the argument it's making, and if that source is to be included I feel the bias should be made clear. For reference, from the synopsis of the book:<br/> <i>"Dawson traces the history of these developments and argues that Western civilization can only be saved by redirecting its entire educational system... [he] insists that the Christian college must be the cornerstone of such an educational reform. "</i><br/> I would make the changes myself, but I am not experienced with changing images. I was also hoping others would weigh in considering this is a passionate subject for some. - <a href="/wiki/User:Pythagimedes" title="User:Pythagimedes">Pythagimedes</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Pythagimedes" title="User talk:Pythagimedes">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Western_culture#c-Pythagimedes-2019-06-15T00:45:00.000Z-change/move_first_image_&_its_caption" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">00:45, 15 June 2019 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Pythagimedes-2019-06-15T00:45:00.000Z-change/move_first_image_&_its_caption"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Pythagimedes-2019-06-15T00:45:00.000Z-change/move_first_image_&_its_caption"></span> </p> <dl><dd><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Just_plain_Bill-2019-06-15T01:02:00.000Z-Pythagimedes-2019-06-15T00:45:00.000Z"></span>Agree that the "Lamb of God" image needs a more coherent caption, and that the existing caption seems like a bit of misplaced body text. I also question the image's preeminence in the <a href="/wiki/MOS:LEAD" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:LEAD">lead</a> of an article on a culture whose Graeco-Roman antecedents predate Christianity. It will be interesting to see what other editors have to say about it. <a href="/wiki/User:Just_plain_Bill" title="User:Just plain Bill">Just plain Bill</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Just_plain_Bill" title="User talk:Just plain Bill">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Western_culture#c-Just_plain_Bill-2019-06-15T01:02:00.000Z-Pythagimedes-2019-06-15T00:45:00.000Z" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">01:02, 15 June 2019 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Just_plain_Bill-2019-06-15T01:02:00.000Z-Pythagimedes-2019-06-15T00:45:00.000Z"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Just_plain_Bill-2019-06-15T01:02:00.000Z-Pythagimedes-2019-06-15T00:45:00.000Z"></span></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="South_Africa" data-mw-thread-id="h-South_Africa"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-South_Africa"></span>South Africa<span data-mw-comment-end="h-South_Africa"></span></h2></div> <p>South Africa and most Southern African countries are definitely Western Culture. They fundamentally Christian; operate economically, socially, politically as Western and identify with the West. Just look at the definition and what makes are country Western or not Western, then it is obviously Western self-evidently. <sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">by definition</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Potential_Contributions" data-mw-thread-id="h-Potential_Contributions"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Potential_Contributions"></span>Potential Contributions<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Potential_Contributions"></span></h2></div> <p>I would like to add some content that specifically speaks to the place and contributions of Judaism within Western Culture. I feel that it does not receive enough credit within this article. I would like to add this paragraph into the already existing Religion section: "According to the Encyclopedia of Global Religions, Jewish people within Europe and the Middle East have had extensive influences on trade, poetry, philosophy, literature, and customs.[2] Because of their historically harsh treatment and need to frequently migrate, Jewish people acted as transporters of knowledge, bringing common European ideas to the predominantly Muslim Middle East.[2] The Encyclopedia of Global Religions also states that the tolerance and attitudes towards Jews within European states acted as a way of determining the open mindedness of that state.[2] Despite some nations being tolerant towards Jewish populations, historical records show that many Jews wished to be seen as a religious sect and not an ethnically separate population.[3] The Encyclopedia of Judaism specifically states that British Jews sought to do this by being seen first as British citizens and second as followers of Judaism.[3]" I would also like to add some sourced sentences that speak to the subjectivity of the phrase "Western Culture." These edits would look consist of these sentences being placed into the Terminology section: The Dictionary of Race, Ethnicity, and Culture states that defining a "cultural area" is incredibly subjective and challenging.[4] According to scholars Jenkins and Karnos, culture can be defined as "an orientation for a person’s way of feeling, thinking, and being in the world."[5] According to National Geographic, the inclusion of Greek and Roman art, literature, and history has been pillar of Western Culture." My final edit would deal with adding some sentences on the potential negatives of Western Culture. This would make the article more neutral and not as glorifying to Western Culture. This would look like: The Dictionary of Race, Ethnicity, and Culture maintains that "Western Culture" has used principles based in "freedom" and "democracy" to subjugate other cultures to colonial rule and even destroying some cultures.[4] Eurocentrism, an idea based on the existence of a "Western Culture" is defined by The Dictionary of Race, Ethnicity, and Culture as "the conviction that Europe is an inevitable and necessary global reference point as it is the cultural, political and economic centre of the world."[4] European powers frequently used religion, specifically Christianity, to justify hostilities towards domestic and foreign groups.[1] </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="new_article_please" data-mw-thread-id="h-new_article_please-2020-01-19T00:31:00.000Z"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-new_article_please-2020-01-19T00:31:00.000Z"></span>new article please<span data-mw-comment-end="h-new_article_please-2020-01-19T00:31:00.000Z"></span></h2><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-bar"><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-metadata"></div><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-actions"></div></div></div> <p><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-86.16.122.213-2020-01-19T00:31:00.000Z-new_article_please"></span>"Given a long history of colonialism, the overwhelming majority of South Americans speak Portuguese or Spanish, and societies and states reflect Western traditions". from the article on South America <small class="autosigned">— Preceding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Signatures" title="Wikipedia:Signatures">unsigned</a> comment added by <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/86.16.122.213" title="Special:Contributions/86.16.122.213">86.16.122.213</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:86.16.122.213#top" title="User talk:86.16.122.213">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Western_culture#c-86.16.122.213-2020-01-19T00:31:00.000Z-new_article_please" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">00:31, 19 January 2020 (UTC)</a></small><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-86.16.122.213-2020-01-19T00:31:00.000Z-new_article_please"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-86.16.122.213-2020-01-19T00:31:00.000Z-new_article_please"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="The_Crisis_of_Western_Education" data-mw-thread-id="h-The_Crisis_of_Western_Education-2020-02-05T09:32:00.000Z"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-The_Crisis_of_Western_Education-2020-02-05T09:32:00.000Z"></span>The Crisis of Western Education<span data-mw-comment-end="h-The_Crisis_of_Western_Education-2020-02-05T09:32:00.000Z"></span></h2><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-bar"><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-metadata"></div><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-actions"></div></div></div> <p><span class="template-ping"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Sunrise-2020-02-05T09:32:00.000Z-The_Crisis_of_Western_Education"></span>@<a href="/wiki/User:Jingiby" title="User:Jingiby">Jingiby</a>:</span> In issues of verifiability, the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:BURDEN" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:BURDEN">WP:BURDEN</a> is on the editor who adds or restores material. I would also suggest that when a fairly detailed rationale has already been included in the edit summary, the generic statement "not an improvement" is not a very strong rebuttal. (And I actually didn't even include all the lines of reasoning that I was thinking of, e.g. <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:EXCEPTIONAL" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:EXCEPTIONAL">WP:EXCEPTIONAL</a> fits the situation as well.) <a href="/wiki/User:Sunrise" title="User:Sunrise"><i><b style="color:#F60;font-family:Times New Roman">Sunrise</b></i></a> <i style="font-size:11px">(<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Sunrise" title="User talk:Sunrise">talk</a>)</i> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Western_culture#c-Sunrise-2020-02-05T09:32:00.000Z-The_Crisis_of_Western_Education" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">09:32, 5 February 2020 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Sunrise-2020-02-05T09:32:00.000Z-The_Crisis_of_Western_Education"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Sunrise-2020-02-05T09:32:00.000Z-The_Crisis_of_Western_Education"></span> </p> <dl><dd><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Jingiby-2020-02-05T18:54:00.000Z-Sunrise-2020-02-05T09:32:00.000Z"></span>Hi <a href="/wiki/User:Sunrise" title="User:Sunrise"><i><b style="color:#F60;font-family:Times New Roman">Sunrise</b></i></a>. What about <i>"The Judeo-Christian and Greco-Roman traditions are the two principal components of Western civilization."</i> retrived from: Marvin Perry, Myrna Chase, James Jacob, Margaret Jacob, Theodore H. Von Laue; Western Civilization: Since 1400; <a href="/wiki/Cengage" class="mw-redirect" title="Cengage">Cengage</a> 2012; ISBN 1111831696, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.bg/books?id=N6jytVCocwMC&pg=PR29&dq=The+Judeo-Christian+and+Greco-Roman+traditions+are+the+two+principal+components+of+Western+civilization.&hl=bg&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiy-ofmibvnAhVS86YKHQ0AD9QQ6AEIJzAA#v=onepage&q&f=false">p. XXIX.</a> Regards. <a href="/wiki/User:Jingiby" title="User:Jingiby">Jingiby</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Jingiby" title="User talk:Jingiby">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Western_culture#c-Jingiby-2020-02-05T18:54:00.000Z-Sunrise-2020-02-05T09:32:00.000Z" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">18:54, 5 February 2020 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Jingiby-2020-02-05T18:54:00.000Z-Sunrise-2020-02-05T09:32:00.000Z"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Jingiby-2020-02-05T18:54:00.000Z-Sunrise-2020-02-05T09:32:00.000Z"></span></dd></dl> <dl><dd><dl><dd><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Sunrise-2020-02-07T08:19:00.000Z-Jingiby-2020-02-05T18:54:00.000Z"></span>This certainly looks like a much better source. However, it doesn't support the current article text, which credits Christianity alone (not even Judeo-Christianity) with e.g. being "nearly synonymous" with Western culture for "at least the last 1000 years". I would be happy with replacing the content I removed with a straightforward statement similar to your example quotation. This source seems strong enough to place it in both the lead and the body, and as long as a contradictory source of similar strength doesn't show up, it shouldn't even need attribution. <a href="/wiki/User:Sunrise" title="User:Sunrise"><i><b style="color:#F60;font-family:Times New Roman">Sunrise</b></i></a> <i style="font-size:11px">(<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Sunrise" title="User talk:Sunrise">talk</a>)</i> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Western_culture#c-Sunrise-2020-02-07T08:19:00.000Z-Jingiby-2020-02-05T18:54:00.000Z" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">08:19, 7 February 2020 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Sunrise-2020-02-07T08:19:00.000Z-Jingiby-2020-02-05T18:54:00.000Z"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Sunrise-2020-02-07T08:19:00.000Z-Jingiby-2020-02-05T18:54:00.000Z"></span></dd></dl></dd></dl> <dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Sunrise-2020-02-11T00:01:00.000Z-Sunrise-2020-02-07T08:19:00.000Z"></span>OK, I’ve performed the edit I described in my last comment. The specific wording of the replacement is subject to adjustment - e.g. when paraphrasing, I used a “strongest influences” formulation as the equivalent to the original phrase “principal components” since I think the latter makes the relationship sound additive rather than Western culture being able to stand as its own tradition as well. I’ll also add a bit more elaboration from the same source in a separate edit. <a href="/wiki/User:Sunrise" title="User:Sunrise"><i><b style="color:#F60;font-family:Times New Roman">Sunrise</b></i></a> <i style="font-size:11px">(<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Sunrise" title="User talk:Sunrise">talk</a>)</i> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Western_culture#c-Sunrise-2020-02-11T00:01:00.000Z-Sunrise-2020-02-07T08:19:00.000Z" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">00:01, 11 February 2020 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Sunrise-2020-02-11T00:01:00.000Z-Sunrise-2020-02-07T08:19:00.000Z"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Sunrise-2020-02-11T00:01:00.000Z-Sunrise-2020-02-07T08:19:00.000Z"></span></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Catholic_church" data-mw-thread-id="h-Catholic_church-2020-05-09T08:16:00.000Z"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Catholic_church-2020-05-09T08:16:00.000Z"></span>Catholic church<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Catholic_church-2020-05-09T08:16:00.000Z"></span></h2><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-bar"><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-metadata"></div><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-actions"></div></div></div> <p><a href="/wiki/User:Daveout" class="mw-redirect" title="User:Daveout"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Graecusperseus-2020-05-09T08:16:00.000Z-Catholic_church"></span>User:Daveout</a>, there is a good reason why historians no longer call the Middle Ages dark, and it is because it turned out to be an era of creative genius; the Gothic cathedrals for example, have been called the greatest masterpieces of Western architecture. No scandal of the church can change that.<a href="/wiki/User:Graecusperseus" title="User:Graecusperseus">Graecusperseus</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Graecusperseus" title="User talk:Graecusperseus">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Western_culture#c-Graecusperseus-2020-05-09T08:16:00.000Z-Catholic_church" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">08:16, 9 May 2020 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Graecusperseus-2020-05-09T08:16:00.000Z-Catholic_church"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Graecusperseus-2020-05-09T08:16:00.000Z-Catholic_church"></span> </p> <dl><dd><span class="template-ping"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Daveout-2020-05-09T08:41:00.000Z-Graecusperseus-2020-05-09T08:16:00.000Z"></span>@<a href="/wiki/User:Graecusperseus" title="User:Graecusperseus">Graecusperseus</a>:</span> Thanks for coming here to discuss it, note that you should keep the article the way it was before the contested revision was made. It's called keeping the status quo. The problems with the revision are:</dd></dl> <ol><li>The claim that the catholic church was responsible for the preservation of greek texts needs the page number for verifiability.</li> <li>Catholic scholars are not neutral sources for matters regarding the role of Christianity throughout history. Can you find non-catholic sources corroborating the claim that catholicism was responsible for the development of western civilization? <a href="/wiki/User:Daveout" class="mw-redirect" title="User:Daveout">Daveout</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Daveout" class="mw-redirect" title="User talk:Daveout">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Western_culture#c-Daveout-2020-05-09T08:41:00.000Z-Graecusperseus-2020-05-09T08:16:00.000Z" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">08:41, 9 May 2020 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Daveout-2020-05-09T08:41:00.000Z-Graecusperseus-2020-05-09T08:16:00.000Z"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Daveout-2020-05-09T08:41:00.000Z-Graecusperseus-2020-05-09T08:16:00.000Z"></span></li></ol> <dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Daveout-2020-05-09T08:53:00.000Z-Daveout-2020-05-09T08:41:00.000Z"></span>Let's put it this way: how would you feel about the inclusion of a marxist-atheist historian's opinion about the role of the Catholic Church on the development of the western world? do you think that would be neutral and fair? <a href="/wiki/User:Daveout" class="mw-redirect" title="User:Daveout">Daveout</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Daveout" class="mw-redirect" title="User talk:Daveout">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Western_culture#c-Daveout-2020-05-09T08:53:00.000Z-Daveout-2020-05-09T08:41:00.000Z" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">08:53, 9 May 2020 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Daveout-2020-05-09T08:53:00.000Z-Daveout-2020-05-09T08:41:00.000Z"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Daveout-2020-05-09T08:53:00.000Z-Daveout-2020-05-09T08:41:00.000Z"></span></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl> <dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Jonathan_f1-2020-08-26T21:53:00.000Z-Daveout-2020-05-09T08:53:00.000Z"></span>Let's put it this way: If the sources meet Wiki criteria for reliability, it doesn't matter what their religion is. I don't exactly know what this editorial dispute is about, but the OP's claim about the Dark Ages is correct: this term is viewed as a misnomer by scholars.</dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl> <dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd>I also wouldn't call Gothic cathedrals "the greatest masterpieces of Western architecture". Greater than skyscrapers?<a href="/w/index.php?title=User:Jonathan_f1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="User:Jonathan f1 (page does not exist)">Jonathan f1</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Jonathan_f1" title="User talk:Jonathan f1">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Western_culture#c-Jonathan_f1-2020-08-26T21:53:00.000Z-Daveout-2020-05-09T08:53:00.000Z" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">21:53, 26 August 2020 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Jonathan_f1-2020-08-26T21:53:00.000Z-Daveout-2020-05-09T08:53:00.000Z"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Jonathan_f1-2020-08-26T21:53:00.000Z-Daveout-2020-05-09T08:53:00.000Z"></span></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl> <dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Liberty5651-2020-08-26T21:59:00.000Z-Jonathan_f1-2020-08-26T21:53:00.000Z"></span>There are more there a couple lame skyscrapers. Their construction is mostly a result from our technological advances. Don't get me wrong, they are impressive, but generally it's just stacking bricks or pinning iron with bolts. There, usually, isn't much creativity to them. Gothic architecture has a detailing and symbolism that skyscrapers usually lack. <a href="/wiki/User:Liberty5651" class="mw-redirect" title="User:Liberty5651">Liberty5651</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Liberty5651" class="mw-redirect" title="User talk:Liberty5651">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Western_culture#c-Liberty5651-2020-08-26T21:59:00.000Z-Jonathan_f1-2020-08-26T21:53:00.000Z" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">21:59, 26 August 2020 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Liberty5651-2020-08-26T21:59:00.000Z-Jonathan_f1-2020-08-26T21:53:00.000Z"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Liberty5651-2020-08-26T21:59:00.000Z-Jonathan_f1-2020-08-26T21:53:00.000Z"></span></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl> <dl><dd><span class="template-ping"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Liberty5651-2020-08-26T22:04:00.000Z-Graecusperseus-2020-05-09T08:16:00.000Z"></span>@<a href="/wiki/User:Daveout" class="mw-redirect" title="User:Daveout">Daveout</a>:</span>, <span class="template-ping">@<a href="/wiki/User:Graecusperseus" title="User:Graecusperseus">Graecusperseus</a>:</span>, if I remember, or care, I can give you a couple references for the claim that the Catholic Church was responsible for the preservation of Greek texts. They'll be found around the Medici eras and the schools they founded. <a href="/wiki/User:Liberty5651" class="mw-redirect" title="User:Liberty5651">Liberty5651</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Liberty5651" class="mw-redirect" title="User talk:Liberty5651">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Western_culture#c-Liberty5651-2020-08-26T22:04:00.000Z-Graecusperseus-2020-05-09T08:16:00.000Z" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">22:04, 26 August 2020 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Liberty5651-2020-08-26T22:04:00.000Z-Graecusperseus-2020-05-09T08:16:00.000Z"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Liberty5651-2020-08-26T22:04:00.000Z-Graecusperseus-2020-05-09T08:16:00.000Z"></span></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Merge_Western_religions_into_this_article" data-mw-thread-id="h-Merge_Western_religions_into_this_article-2020-06-21T23:00:00.000Z"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Merge_Western_religions_into_this_article-2020-06-21T23:00:00.000Z"></span>Merge Western religions into this article<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Merge_Western_religions_into_this_article-2020-06-21T23:00:00.000Z"></span></h2><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-bar"><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-metadata"></div><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-actions"></div></div></div> <p><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Hemiauchenia-2020-06-21T23:00:00.000Z-Merge_Western_religions_into_this_article"></span>I don't think it is necessary to have <a href="/wiki/Western_religions" title="Western religions">Western religions</a> as a separate article, religion is well within the scope of this article. <a href="/wiki/User:Hemiauchenia" title="User:Hemiauchenia">Hemiauchenia</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Hemiauchenia" title="User talk:Hemiauchenia">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Western_culture#c-Hemiauchenia-2020-06-21T23:00:00.000Z-Merge_Western_religions_into_this_article" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">23:00, 21 June 2020 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Hemiauchenia-2020-06-21T23:00:00.000Z-Merge_Western_religions_into_this_article"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Hemiauchenia-2020-06-21T23:00:00.000Z-Merge_Western_religions_into_this_article"></span> </p> <dl><dd><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Piotrus-2020-06-22T07:31:00.000Z-Hemiauchenia-2020-06-21T23:00:00.000Z"></span>Tentative support, as the Western religions is a short article and obviously a vaild subsection here. --<sub style="border:1px solid #228B22;padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/User:Piotrus" title="User:Piotrus">Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus</a>|<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Piotrus" title="User talk:Piotrus"><span style="color:#7CFC00;background:#006400;"> reply here</span></a></sub> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Western_culture#c-Piotrus-2020-06-22T07:31:00.000Z-Hemiauchenia-2020-06-21T23:00:00.000Z" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">07:31, 22 June 2020 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Piotrus-2020-06-22T07:31:00.000Z-Hemiauchenia-2020-06-21T23:00:00.000Z"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Piotrus-2020-06-22T07:31:00.000Z-Hemiauchenia-2020-06-21T23:00:00.000Z"></span></dd></dl> <p><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-10stone5-2020-07-10T12:08:00.000Z-Merge_Western_religions_into_this_article"></span>No, keep them separated. Plenty can be added to the individual article. <a href="/wiki/User:10stone5" title="User:10stone5">10stone5</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:10stone5" title="User talk:10stone5">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Western_culture#c-10stone5-2020-07-10T12:08:00.000Z-Merge_Western_religions_into_this_article" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">12:08, 10 July 2020 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-10stone5-2020-07-10T12:08:00.000Z-Merge_Western_religions_into_this_article"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-10stone5-2020-07-10T12:08:00.000Z-Merge_Western_religions_into_this_article"></span> </p> <dl><dd><span class="example deprecated-content example-bad example-bold" style="font-weight: bold; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Jaydavidmartin-2020-07-13T07:04:00.000Z-10stone5-2020-07-10T12:08:00.000Z"></span>Against</span>. While there certainly should be a section within this page on Western religion (as there is), Western religion is too broad and notable a topic not to also have its own page. Just because a topic falls under the purview of another page does not mean it does not also merit its own page. As a rather direct comparison, <a href="/wiki/Eastern_religions" title="Eastern religions">Eastern religions</a> has its own page even though it falls under <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Asia" title="Culture of Asia">Culture of Asia</a>. Furthermore, the <a href="/wiki/Western_religions" title="Western religions">Western religions</a> page really should be quite large—too large to include only as a section within this page. In my opinion, <a href="/wiki/Western_religions" title="Western religions">Western religions</a> should be further expanded and a {{main|Western religions}} tag should be added to the Religion section of this page (which I will do in just a moment).<a href="/wiki/User:Jaydavidmartin" title="User:Jaydavidmartin">Jaydavidmartin</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Jaydavidmartin" title="User talk:Jaydavidmartin">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Western_culture#c-Jaydavidmartin-2020-07-13T07:04:00.000Z-10stone5-2020-07-10T12:08:00.000Z" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">07:04, 13 July 2020 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Jaydavidmartin-2020-07-13T07:04:00.000Z-10stone5-2020-07-10T12:08:00.000Z"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Jaydavidmartin-2020-07-13T07:04:00.000Z-10stone5-2020-07-10T12:08:00.000Z"></span></dd></dl> <p><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Aza24-2020-07-28T08:16:00.000Z-Merge_Western_religions_into_this_article"></span>Oppose per Jaydavidmartin - <a href="/wiki/User:Aza24" title="User:Aza24">Aza24</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Aza24" title="User talk:Aza24">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Western_culture#c-Aza24-2020-07-28T08:16:00.000Z-Merge_Western_religions_into_this_article" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">08:16, 28 July 2020 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Aza24-2020-07-28T08:16:00.000Z-Merge_Western_religions_into_this_article"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Aza24-2020-07-28T08:16:00.000Z-Merge_Western_religions_into_this_article"></span> </p></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk:Western_culture&oldid=975132395">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk:Western_culture&oldid=975132395</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_that_use_American_English" title="Category:Wikipedia articles that use American English">Wikipedia articles that use American English</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:C-Class_Europe_articles" title="Category:C-Class Europe articles">C-Class Europe articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:High-importance_Europe_articles" title="Category:High-importance Europe articles">High-importance Europe articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:WikiProject_Europe_articles" title="Category:WikiProject Europe articles">WikiProject Europe articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:C-Class_culture_articles" title="Category:C-Class culture articles">C-Class culture articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:High-importance_culture_articles" title="Category:High-importance culture articles">High-importance culture articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:WikiProject_Culture_articles" title="Category:WikiProject Culture articles">WikiProject Culture articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:C-Class_Philosophy_articles" title="Category:C-Class Philosophy articles">C-Class Philosophy articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Low-importance_Philosophy_articles" title="Category:Low-importance Philosophy articles">Low-importance Philosophy articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:C-Class_social_and_political_philosophy_articles" title="Category:C-Class social and political philosophy articles">C-Class social and political philosophy articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Low-importance_social_and_political_philosophy_articles" title="Category:Low-importance social and political philosophy articles">Low-importance social and political philosophy articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Social_and_political_philosophy_task_force_articles" title="Category:Social and political philosophy task force articles">Social and political philosophy task force articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:C-Class_Anthropology_articles" title="Category:C-Class Anthropology articles">C-Class Anthropology articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Low-importance_Anthropology_articles" title="Category:Low-importance Anthropology articles">Low-importance Anthropology articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:C-Class_psychology_articles" title="Category:C-Class psychology articles">C-Class psychology articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Low-importance_psychology_articles" title="Category:Low-importance psychology articles">Low-importance psychology articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:WikiProject_Psychology_articles" title="Category:WikiProject Psychology articles">WikiProject Psychology articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:C-Class_Religion_articles" title="Category:C-Class Religion articles">C-Class Religion articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Low-importance_Religion_articles" title="Category:Low-importance Religion articles">Low-importance Religion articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:WikiProject_Religion_articles" title="Category:WikiProject Religion articles">WikiProject Religion articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:C-Class_Christianity_articles" title="Category:C-Class Christianity articles">C-Class Christianity articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mid-importance_Christianity_articles" title="Category:Mid-importance Christianity articles">Mid-importance Christianity articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:WikiProject_Christianity_articles" title="Category:WikiProject Christianity articles">WikiProject Christianity articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:C-Class_Catholicism_articles" title="Category:C-Class Catholicism articles">C-Class Catholicism articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mid-importance_Catholicism_articles" title="Category:Mid-importance Catholicism articles">Mid-importance Catholicism articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:WikiProject_Catholicism_articles" title="Category:WikiProject Catholicism articles">WikiProject Catholicism articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:C-Class_sociology_articles" title="Category:C-Class sociology articles">C-Class sociology articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Low-importance_sociology_articles" title="Category:Low-importance sociology articles">Low-importance sociology articles</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden category: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:WikiProject_banners_with_class_parameter_that_needs_moving_to_banner_shell" title="Category:WikiProject banners with class parameter that needs moving to banner shell">WikiProject banners with class parameter that needs moving to banner shell</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 26 August 2020, at 22:04<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright"><span class="nowraplinks">This version of the page has been <a href="/wiki/Help:Page_history" title="Help:Page history">revised</a>. Besides normal editing, the reason for revision may have been that this version contains factual inaccuracies, vandalism, or material not compatible with the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>.</span></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk:Western_culture&diff=prev&oldid=975132395&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-xl5gk","wgBackendResponseTime":1323,"wgDiscussionToolsPageThreads":[{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Anilating-2018-10-25T01:27:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Christian_bias-2018-10-25T01:27:00.000Z","replies":[{"timestamp":"2018-10-26T23:48:00.000Z","author":"Drmies","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Drmies-2018-10-26T23:48:00.000Z-Christian_bias","replies":[]},{"timestamp":"2018-10-25T01:27:00.000Z","author":"Anilating","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Anilating-2018-10-25T01:27:00.000Z-Christian_bias","replies":[{"timestamp":"2018-10-25T04:01:00.000Z","author":"UltimateHope","type":"comment","level":2,"id":"c-UltimateHope-2018-10-25T04:01:00.000Z-Anilating-2018-10-25T01:27:00.000Z","replies":[{"timestamp":"2018-10-25T04:02:00.000Z","author":"UltimateHope","type":"comment","level":3,"id":"c-UltimateHope-2018-10-25T04:02:00.000Z-UltimateHope-2018-10-25T04:01:00.000Z","replies":[]},{"timestamp":"2018-10-26T12:31:00.000Z","author":"UltimateHope","type":"comment","level":3,"id":"c-UltimateHope-2018-10-26T12:31:00.000Z-UltimateHope-2018-10-25T04:01:00.000Z","replies":[]}]}]},{"timestamp":"2018-10-25T12:43:00.000Z","author":"Anilating","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Anilating-2018-10-25T12:43:00.000Z-Christian_bias","replies":[]},{"timestamp":"2018-10-25T22:21:00.000Z","author":"Staszek Lem","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Staszek_Lem-2018-10-25T22:21:00.000Z-Christian_bias","replies":[{"timestamp":"2018-10-25T22:56:00.000Z","author":"Anilating","type":"comment","level":2,"id":"c-Anilating-2018-10-25T22:56:00.000Z-Staszek_Lem-2018-10-25T22:21:00.000Z","replies":[{"timestamp":"2018-10-26T00:23:00.000Z","author":"Staszek Lem","type":"comment","level":3,"id":"c-Staszek_Lem-2018-10-26T00:23:00.000Z-Anilating-2018-10-25T22:56:00.000Z","replies":[]},{"timestamp":"2018-10-26T00:23:00.000Z","author":"Staszek Lem","type":"comment","level":3,"id":"c-Staszek_Lem-2018-10-26T00:23:00.000Z-Anilating-2018-10-25T22:56:00.000Z-1","replies":[]},{"timestamp":"2018-10-26T00:23:00.000Z","author":"Staszek Lem","type":"comment","level":3,"id":"c-Staszek_Lem-2018-10-26T00:23:00.000Z-Anilating-2018-10-25T22:56:00.000Z-2","replies":[]}]}]},{"timestamp":"2018-10-26T00:45:00.000Z","author":"Anilating","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Anilating-2018-10-26T00:45:00.000Z-Christian_bias","replies":[{"timestamp":"2018-10-26T00:23:00.000Z","author":"Staszek Lem","type":"comment","level":3,"id":"c-Staszek_Lem-2018-10-26T00:23:00.000Z-Anilating-2018-10-26T00:45:00.000Z","replies":[]},{"timestamp":"2018-10-25T23:53:00.000Z","author":"Phmoreno","type":"comment","level":2,"id":"c-Phmoreno-2018-10-25T23:53:00.000Z-Anilating-2018-10-26T00:45:00.000Z","replies":[]}]},{"timestamp":"2018-10-26T00:45:00.000Z","author":"Anilating","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Anilating-2018-10-26T00:45:00.000Z-Christian_bias-1","replies":[{"timestamp":"2018-10-26T00:30:00.000Z","author":"UltimateHope","type":"comment","level":3,"id":"c-UltimateHope-2018-10-26T00:30:00.000Z-Anilating-2018-10-26T00:45:00.000Z","replies":[]},{"timestamp":"2018-10-26T00:45:00.000Z","author":"Anilating","type":"comment","level":3,"id":"c-Anilating-2018-10-26T00:45:00.000Z-Anilating-2018-10-26T00:45:00.000Z","replies":[]},{"timestamp":"2018-10-26T01:05:00.000Z","author":"UltimateHope","type":"comment","level":3,"id":"c-UltimateHope-2018-10-26T01:05:00.000Z-Anilating-2018-10-26T00:45:00.000Z","replies":[]}]},{"timestamp":"2018-10-26T01:12:00.000Z","author":"Anilating","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Anilating-2018-10-26T01:12:00.000Z-Christian_bias","replies":[{"timestamp":"2018-10-26T01:16:00.000Z","author":"UltimateHope","type":"comment","level":3,"id":"c-UltimateHope-2018-10-26T01:16:00.000Z-Anilating-2018-10-26T01:12:00.000Z","replies":[]}]},{"timestamp":"2018-10-26T02:35:00.000Z","author":"Anilating","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Anilating-2018-10-26T02:35:00.000Z-Christian_bias","replies":[{"timestamp":"2018-10-26T06:24:00.000Z","author":"UltimateHope","type":"comment","level":3,"id":"c-UltimateHope-2018-10-26T06:24:00.000Z-Anilating-2018-10-26T02:35:00.000Z","replies":[{"timestamp":"2018-10-26T14:30:00.000Z","author":"Phmoreno","type":"comment","level":4,"id":"c-Phmoreno-2018-10-26T14:30:00.000Z-UltimateHope-2018-10-26T06:24:00.000Z","replies":[]},{"timestamp":"2018-10-26T14:39:00.000Z","author":"UltimateHope","type":"comment","level":4,"id":"c-UltimateHope-2018-10-26T14:39:00.000Z-UltimateHope-2018-10-26T06:24:00.000Z","replies":[]}]},{"timestamp":"2018-10-26T23:48:00.000Z","author":"Drmies","type":"comment","level":2,"id":"c-Drmies-2018-10-26T23:48:00.000Z-Anilating-2018-10-26T02:35:00.000Z","replies":[]}]}]},{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Pythagimedes-2019-06-15T00:45:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-change/move_first_image_\u0026_its_caption-2019-06-15T00:45:00.000Z","replies":[{"timestamp":"2019-06-15T00:45:00.000Z","author":"Pythagimedes","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Pythagimedes-2019-06-15T00:45:00.000Z-change/move_first_image_\u0026_its_caption","replies":[{"timestamp":"2019-06-15T01:02:00.000Z","author":"Just plain Bill","type":"comment","level":2,"id":"c-Just_plain_Bill-2019-06-15T01:02:00.000Z-Pythagimedes-2019-06-15T00:45:00.000Z","replies":[]}]}]},{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-South_Africa","replies":[]},{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Potential_Contributions","replies":[]},{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-86.16.122.213-2020-01-19T00:31:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-new_article_please-2020-01-19T00:31:00.000Z","replies":[{"timestamp":"2020-01-19T00:31:00.000Z","author":"86.16.122.213","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-86.16.122.213-2020-01-19T00:31:00.000Z-new_article_please","replies":[]}]},{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Sunrise-2020-02-05T09:32:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-The_Crisis_of_Western_Education-2020-02-05T09:32:00.000Z","replies":[{"timestamp":"2020-02-05T09:32:00.000Z","author":"Sunrise","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Sunrise-2020-02-05T09:32:00.000Z-The_Crisis_of_Western_Education","replies":[{"timestamp":"2020-02-05T18:54:00.000Z","author":"Jingiby","type":"comment","level":2,"id":"c-Jingiby-2020-02-05T18:54:00.000Z-Sunrise-2020-02-05T09:32:00.000Z","replies":[{"timestamp":"2020-02-07T08:19:00.000Z","author":"Sunrise","type":"comment","level":3,"id":"c-Sunrise-2020-02-07T08:19:00.000Z-Jingiby-2020-02-05T18:54:00.000Z","replies":[{"timestamp":"2020-02-11T00:01:00.000Z","author":"Sunrise","type":"comment","level":4,"id":"c-Sunrise-2020-02-11T00:01:00.000Z-Sunrise-2020-02-07T08:19:00.000Z","replies":[]}]}]}]}]},{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Graecusperseus-2020-05-09T08:16:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Catholic_church-2020-05-09T08:16:00.000Z","replies":[{"timestamp":"2020-05-09T08:16:00.000Z","author":"Graecusperseus","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Graecusperseus-2020-05-09T08:16:00.000Z-Catholic_church","replies":[{"timestamp":"2020-05-09T08:41:00.000Z","author":"Daveout","type":"comment","level":2,"id":"c-Daveout-2020-05-09T08:41:00.000Z-Graecusperseus-2020-05-09T08:16:00.000Z","replies":[{"timestamp":"2020-05-09T08:53:00.000Z","author":"Daveout","type":"comment","level":4,"id":"c-Daveout-2020-05-09T08:53:00.000Z-Daveout-2020-05-09T08:41:00.000Z","replies":[{"timestamp":"2020-08-26T21:53:00.000Z","author":"Jonathan f1","type":"comment","level":5,"id":"c-Jonathan_f1-2020-08-26T21:53:00.000Z-Daveout-2020-05-09T08:53:00.000Z","replies":[{"timestamp":"2020-08-26T21:59:00.000Z","author":"Liberty5651","type":"comment","level":6,"id":"c-Liberty5651-2020-08-26T21:59:00.000Z-Jonathan_f1-2020-08-26T21:53:00.000Z","replies":[]}]}]}]},{"timestamp":"2020-08-26T22:04:00.000Z","author":"Liberty5651","type":"comment","level":2,"id":"c-Liberty5651-2020-08-26T22:04:00.000Z-Graecusperseus-2020-05-09T08:16:00.000Z","replies":[]}]}]},{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Hemiauchenia-2020-06-21T23:00:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Merge_Western_religions_into_this_article-2020-06-21T23:00:00.000Z","replies":[{"timestamp":"2020-06-21T23:00:00.000Z","author":"Hemiauchenia","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Hemiauchenia-2020-06-21T23:00:00.000Z-Merge_Western_religions_into_this_article","replies":[{"timestamp":"2020-06-22T07:31:00.000Z","author":"Piotrus","type":"comment","level":2,"id":"c-Piotrus-2020-06-22T07:31:00.000Z-Hemiauchenia-2020-06-21T23:00:00.000Z","replies":[],"displayName":"Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus"}]},{"timestamp":"2020-07-10T12:08:00.000Z","author":"10stone5","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-10stone5-2020-07-10T12:08:00.000Z-Merge_Western_religions_into_this_article","replies":[{"timestamp":"2020-07-13T07:04:00.000Z","author":"Jaydavidmartin","type":"comment","level":2,"id":"c-Jaydavidmartin-2020-07-13T07:04:00.000Z-10stone5-2020-07-10T12:08:00.000Z","replies":[]}]},{"timestamp":"2020-07-28T08:16:00.000Z","author":"Aza24","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Aza24-2020-07-28T08:16:00.000Z-Merge_Western_religions_into_this_article","replies":[]}]}],"wgPageParseReport":{"discussiontools":{"limitreport-timeusage":"0.051"},"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.850","walltime":"1.084","ppvisitednodes":{"value":7323,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":166159,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":11010,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":18,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":69,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":95591,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 880.636 1 -total"," 35.66% 314.047 1 Template:WikiProject_banner_shell"," 24.51% 215.830 1 Template:Talk_header"," 11.11% 97.844 1 Template:Reflist-talk"," 10.79% 95.058 2 Template:Reflist"," 10.29% 90.660 20 Template:Th/abp"," 9.08% 79.927 2 Template:Cite_book"," 8.24% 72.570 1 Template:WikiProject_Europe"," 7.12% 62.694 1 Template:WikiProject_Catholicism"," 6.88% 60.561 1 Template:Archives"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.483","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":6565977,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-xl5gk","timestamp":"20241124200723","ttl":864000,"transientcontent":true}}});});</script> </body> </html>