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separate;"><tbody><tr> <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #c0c090; font-weight: bold;">This is the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Talk_page_guidelines" title="Wikipedia:Talk page guidelines">talk page</a> for discussing improvements to the <a href="/wiki/Western_culture" title="Western culture">Western culture</a> article.<br/> This is <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#FORUM" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not">not a forum</a> for general discussion of the article's subject.</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <div class="talkheader-body"> <div class="talkheader-help"> <ul><li>Put new text under old text. <strong><a href="/wiki/Special:NewSection/Talk:Western_culture" title="Special:NewSection/Talk:Western culture">Click here to start a new topic.</a></strong></li> <li>New to Wikipedia? Welcome! <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Help:Introduction">Learn to edit</a>; <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Questions" title="Wikipedia:Questions">get help</a>.</li></ul> </div> <div class="talkheader-policies"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Assume_good_faith" title="Wikipedia:Assume good faith">Assume good faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Civility" title="Wikipedia:Civility">Be polite</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_personal_attacks" title="Wikipedia:No personal attacks">avoid personal attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_do_not_bite_the_newcomers" title="Wikipedia:Please do not bite the newcomers">Be welcoming to newcomers</a></li> <li>Seek <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Dispute_resolution_requests" title="Wikipedia:Dispute resolution requests">dispute resolution</a> if needed</li></ul> </div><div class="talkheader-policies"> <div><b>Article policies</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">Neutral point of view</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research">No original research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">Verifiability</a></li></ul> </div> </div> </div> </td> </tr><tr><td style="border-top: 1px solid #c0c090; padding: 1px 3px;"><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Western+culture%22">Google</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Western+culture%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Western+culture%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Western+culture%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?safe=off&tbs=sur:fmc&tbm=isch&q=%22Western+culture%22+-site:wikipedia.org+-site:wikimedia.org">free images</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/custom?hl=en&cx=007734830908295939403%3Agalkqgoksq0&cof=FORID%3A13%3BAH%3Aleft%3BCX%3AWikipedia%2520Reference%2520Search&q=%22Western+culture%22">WP refs</a>) <b>·</b> <span title="Free English newspaper sources" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Free_English_newspaper_sources">FENS</a></span> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Western+culture%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a> <b>·</b> <span title="The Wikipedia Library" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/search/?q=%22Western+culture%22">TWL</a></span></span></td></tr><tr><td style="border-top: 1px solid #c0c090; padding: 1px 3px;"><b><a href="/wiki/Help:Archiving_a_talk_page" title="Help:Archiving a talk page">Archives</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/User:ClueBot_III/Master_Detailed_Indices/Talk:Western_culture" title="User:ClueBot III/Master Detailed Indices/Talk:Western culture">Index</a>, <a href="/wiki/Talk:Western_culture/Archive_1" title="Talk:Western culture/Archive 1">1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Talk:Western_culture/Archive_2" title="Talk:Western culture/Archive 2">2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Talk:Western_culture/Archive_3" title="Talk:Western culture/Archive 3">3</a>, <a href="/wiki/Talk:Western_culture/Archive_4" title="Talk:Western culture/Archive 4">4</a><span style="position: relative; top: 2px; float: right; font-size: 90%; margin-left: 1em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Discussions with timestamps are automatically archived by ClueBot III after 8760 hours of inactivity when more than 8 threads are present.">Auto-archiving period</span>: <b>12 months</b> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Archiving_a_talk_page#Automated_archiving" title="Help:Archiving a talk page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/16px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/24px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/32px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620"/></a></span></span></td> </tr><tr><td style="border-top: 1px solid #c0c090; padding: 0;"><div> <div class="mw-inputbox-centered" style=""><form name="searchbox" class="searchbox mw-inputbox-form-inline" action="/wiki/Special:Search"><div class="cdx-text-input"><input class="mw-searchInput searchboxInput cdx-text-input__input" name="search" placeholder="" size="50" dir="ltr"/></div><input type="hidden" value="Talk:Western culture/" name="prefix"/> <input type="submit" name="fulltext" value="Search archives" class="cdx-button"/><input type="hidden" value="Search" name="fulltext"/></form></div> </div></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237879475"><table id="bre" class="plainlinks tmbox tmbox-style" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Globe_spelling_colour.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Globe_spelling_colour.svg/50px-Globe_spelling_colour.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Globe_spelling_colour.svg/75px-Globe_spelling_colour.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Globe_spelling_colour.svg/100px-Globe_spelling_colour.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128"/></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text">This article is <b>written in <a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">British English</a></b>, which has its own spelling conventions (<i>colour</i>, <i>travelled</i>, <i>centre</i>, <i>defence</i>, <i>artefact</i>, <i>analyse</i>) and some terms that are used in it may be different or absent from other <a href="/wiki/List_of_dialects_of_English" title="List of dialects of English">varieties of English</a>. 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The result of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Western_culture" title="Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Western culture">the discussion</a> was <b>keep</b>.</td></tr></tbody></table><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237879475"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1243927654">.mw-parser-output .banner-shell{border-collapse:separate;border-spacing:4px}.mw-parser-output .banner-shell-header{text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .banner-shell-inner{padding:2px 4px;background:#fffaef;color:inherit;border:1px dotted gray}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .banner-shell-inner{background:#2e2505}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .banner-shell-inner{background:#2e2505}}.mw-parser-output .banner-shell .tmbox{margin:2px 0;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .banner-shell .tmbox.mbox-small{line-height:1.5em;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output 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innercollapse wpb wpb-table"><tbody><tr class="wpb-header"><td class="wpb-header-icon"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikiproject_Europe_(small).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Wikiproject_Europe_%28small%29.svg/25px-Wikiproject_Europe_%28small%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Wikiproject_Europe_%28small%29.svg/38px-Wikiproject_Europe_%28small%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Wikiproject_Europe_%28small%29.svg/50px-Wikiproject_Europe_%28small%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="187" data-file-height="187"/></a></span></td><td class="wpb-header-combined"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Europe" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Europe">Europe</a> <span class="wpb-header-bubbles import-top">Top‑importance</span></td></tr><tr><td class="mbox-text wpb-main" colspan="2"><table><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image wpb-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikiproject_Europe_(small).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Wikiproject_Europe_%28small%29.svg/62px-Wikiproject_Europe_%28small%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="62" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Wikiproject_Europe_%28small%29.svg/93px-Wikiproject_Europe_%28small%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Wikiproject_Europe_%28small%29.svg/124px-Wikiproject_Europe_%28small%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="187" data-file-height="187"/></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/28px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/42px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/56px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541"/></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Europe" title="Portal:Europe">Europe portal</a></span></li></ul>This article is within the scope of <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Europe" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Europe">WikiProject Europe</a></b>, an effort to build a comprehensive and detailed guide to <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">European</a> topics of a cross-border nature on Wikipedia.<span class="metadata wpb-metadata"><span class="wpb-project">Europe</span><span class="wpb-project_link">Wikipedia:WikiProject Europe</span><span class="wpb-banner_name">Template:WikiProject Europe</span><span class="wpb-assessment_cat">Europe articles</span></span></td><td class="mbox-empty-cell"></td></tr><tr><td class="assess import-top"><a href="/wiki/Category:Top-importance_Europe_articles" title="Category:Top-importance Europe articles">Top</a></td><td class="mbox-text" colspan="2">This article has been rated as <b>Top-importance</b> on the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Europe/Assessment#Importance_scale" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Europe/Assessment">project's importance scale</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237879475"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1259570071"><table class="tmbox tmbox-notice mw-collapsible innercollapse wpb wpb-table"><tbody><tr class="wpb-header"><td class="wpb-header-icon"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:WikiProject_North_America.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/WikiProject_North_America.svg/29px-WikiProject_North_America.svg.png" decoding="async" width="29" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/WikiProject_North_America.svg/44px-WikiProject_North_America.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/WikiProject_North_America.svg/58px-WikiProject_North_America.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="430"/></a></span></td><td class="wpb-header-combined"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_North_America" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject North America">North America</a> <span class="wpb-header-bubbles import-top">Top‑importance</span></td></tr><tr><td class="mbox-text wpb-main" colspan="2"><table><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image wpb-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:WikiProject_North_America.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/WikiProject_North_America.svg/80px-WikiProject_North_America.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="69" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/WikiProject_North_America.svg/120px-WikiProject_North_America.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/WikiProject_North_America.svg/160px-WikiProject_North_America.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="430"/></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1259569809"><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/28px-North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/42px-North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/56px-North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550"/></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:North_America" title="Portal:North America">North America portal</a></span></li></ul>This article is within the scope of <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_North_America" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject North America">WikiProject North America</a></b>, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a> on Wikipedia. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_North_America" title="Wikipedia talk:WikiProject North America">the discussion</a> and see a list of open tasks.<span class="metadata wpb-metadata"><span class="wpb-project">North America</span><span class="wpb-project_link">Wikipedia:WikiProject North America</span><span class="wpb-banner_name">Template:WikiProject North America</span><span class="wpb-assessment_cat">North America articles</span></span></td><td class="mbox-empty-cell"></td></tr><tr><td class="assess import-top"><a href="/wiki/Category:Top-importance_North_America_articles" title="Category:Top-importance North America articles">Top</a></td><td class="mbox-text" colspan="2">This article has been rated as <b>Top-importance</b> on the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Version_1.0_Editorial_Team/Release_Version_Criteria#Importance_of_topic" title="Wikipedia:Version 1.0 Editorial Team/Release Version Criteria">importance scale</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237879475"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1259570071"><table class="tmbox tmbox-notice mw-collapsible innercollapse wpb wpb-table"><tbody><tr class="wpb-header"><td class="wpb-header-icon"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:South_America_satellite_orthographic.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/South_America_satellite_orthographic.jpg/18px-South_America_satellite_orthographic.jpg" decoding="async" width="18" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/South_America_satellite_orthographic.jpg/27px-South_America_satellite_orthographic.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/South_America_satellite_orthographic.jpg/35px-South_America_satellite_orthographic.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1215" data-file-height="1712"/></a></span></td><td class="wpb-header-combined"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_South_America" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject South America">South America</a> <span class="wpb-header-bubbles import-high">High‑importance</span></td></tr><tr><td class="mbox-text wpb-main" colspan="2"><table><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image wpb-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:South_America_satellite_orthographic.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/South_America_satellite_orthographic.jpg/60px-South_America_satellite_orthographic.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/South_America_satellite_orthographic.jpg/90px-South_America_satellite_orthographic.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/South_America_satellite_orthographic.jpg/120px-South_America_satellite_orthographic.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1215" data-file-height="1712"/></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1259569809"><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Latin_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/28px-Latin_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Latin_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/42px-Latin_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Latin_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/56px-Latin_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550"/></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Latin_America" title="Portal:Latin America">Latin America portal</a></span></li></ul>This article is within the scope of <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_South_America" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject South America">WikiProject South America</a></b>, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of articles related to <a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America">South America</a> on Wikipedia. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_South_America" title="Wikipedia talk:WikiProject South America">the discussion</a> and see a list of open tasks.<span class="metadata wpb-metadata"><span class="wpb-project">South America</span><span class="wpb-project_link">Wikipedia:WikiProject South America</span><span class="wpb-banner_name">Template:WikiProject South America</span><span class="wpb-assessment_cat">South America articles</span></span></td><td class="mbox-empty-cell"></td></tr><tr><td class="assess import-high"><a href="/wiki/Category:High-importance_South_America_articles" title="Category:High-importance South America articles">High</a></td><td class="mbox-text" colspan="2">This article has been rated as <b>High-importance</b> on the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_South_America/Assessment#Importance_scale" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject South America/Assessment">project's importance scale</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237879475"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1259570071"><table class="tmbox tmbox-notice mw-collapsible innercollapse wpb wpb-table"><tbody><tr class="wpb-header"><td class="wpb-header-icon"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Oceania_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Oceania_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/25px-Oceania_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Oceania_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/38px-Oceania_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Oceania_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/50px-Oceania_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541"/></a></span></td><td class="wpb-header-combined"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Oceania" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Oceania">Oceania</a> <span class="wpb-header-bubbles import-high">High‑importance</span></td></tr><tr><td class="mbox-text wpb-main" colspan="2"><table><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image wpb-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Oceania_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Oceania_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/50px-Oceania_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Oceania_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/75px-Oceania_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Oceania_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/100px-Oceania_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541"/></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1259569809"><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B.png/32px-%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B.png/48px-%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B.png/64px-%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B.png 2x" data-file-width="756" data-file-height="617"/></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Oceania" title="Portal:Oceania">Oceania portal</a></span></li></ul>This article is within the scope of <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Oceania" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Oceania">WikiProject Oceania</a></b>, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of <a href="/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania">Oceania</a> on Wikipedia. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Oceania" title="Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Oceania">the discussion</a> and see a list of open tasks.<span class="metadata wpb-metadata"><span class="wpb-project">Oceania</span><span class="wpb-project_link">Wikipedia:WikiProject Oceania</span><span class="wpb-banner_name">Template:WikiProject Oceania</span><span class="wpb-assessment_cat">Oceania articles</span></span></td><td class="mbox-empty-cell"></td></tr><tr><td class="assess import-high"><a href="/wiki/Category:High-importance_Oceania_articles" title="Category:High-importance Oceania articles">High</a></td><td class="mbox-text" colspan="2">This article has been rated as <b>High-importance</b> on the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Oceania/Assessment#Importance_scale" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Oceania/Assessment">project's importance scale</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237879475"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1259570071"><table class="tmbox tmbox-notice mw-collapsible innercollapse wpb wpb-table"><tbody><tr class="wpb-header"><td class="wpb-header-icon"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_culture.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/P_culture.svg/28px-P_culture.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/P_culture.svg/42px-P_culture.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/P_culture.svg/56px-P_culture.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360"/></a></span></td><td class="wpb-header-combined"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Culture" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Culture">Culture</a> <span class="wpb-header-bubbles import-top">Top‑importance</span></td></tr><tr><td class="mbox-text wpb-main" colspan="2"><table><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image wpb-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_culture.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/P_culture.svg/80px-P_culture.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/P_culture.svg/120px-P_culture.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/P_culture.svg/160px-P_culture.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360"/></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text">This article is within the scope of <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Culture" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Culture">WikiProject Culture</a></b>, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of <a href="/wiki/Culture" title="Culture">culture</a> on Wikipedia. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Culture" title="Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Culture">the discussion</a> and see a list of open tasks.<span class="metadata wpb-metadata"><span class="wpb-project">Culture</span><span class="wpb-project_link">Wikipedia:WikiProject Culture</span><span class="wpb-banner_name">Template:WikiProject Culture</span><span class="wpb-assessment_cat">culture articles</span></span></td><td class="mbox-empty-cell"></td></tr><tr><td class="assess import-top"><a href="/wiki/Category:Top-importance_culture_articles" title="Category:Top-importance culture articles">Top</a></td><td class="mbox-text" colspan="2">This article has been rated as <b>Top-importance</b> on the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Culture/Assessment#Importance_scale" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Culture/Assessment">project's importance scale</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237879475"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1259570071"><table class="tmbox tmbox-notice mw-collapsible innercollapse wpb wpb-table"><tbody><tr class="wpb-header"><td class="wpb-header-icon"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Socrates.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Socrates.png/16px-Socrates.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Socrates.png/25px-Socrates.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Socrates.png/32px-Socrates.png 2x" data-file-width="326" data-file-height="500"/></a></span></td><td class="wpb-header-combined"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Philosophy" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Philosophy">Philosophy</a><span class="wpb-nested-task-force">: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Philosophy/Social_and_political" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Philosophy/Social and political">Social and political</a></span> <span class="wpb-header-bubbles import-high">High‑importance</span></td></tr><tr><td class="mbox-text wpb-main" colspan="2"><table><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image wpb-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Socrates.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Socrates.png/50px-Socrates.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Socrates.png/75px-Socrates.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Socrates.png/100px-Socrates.png 2x" data-file-width="326" data-file-height="500"/></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1259569809"><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Socrates.png/18px-Socrates.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Socrates.png/27px-Socrates.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Socrates.png/36px-Socrates.png 2x" data-file-width="326" data-file-height="500"/></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Philosophy" title="Portal:Philosophy">Philosophy portal</a></span></li></ul>This article is within the scope of <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Philosophy" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Philosophy">WikiProject Philosophy</a></b>, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of content related to <a href="/wiki/Philosophy" title="Philosophy">philosophy</a> on Wikipedia. If you would like to support the project, please visit the project page, where you can get more details on how you can help, and where you can join the <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Philosophy" title="Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Philosophy">general discussion</a></b> about philosophy content on Wikipedia.<span class="metadata wpb-metadata"><span class="wpb-project">Philosophy</span><span class="wpb-project_link">Wikipedia:WikiProject Philosophy</span><span class="wpb-banner_name">Template:WikiProject Philosophy</span><span class="wpb-assessment_cat">Philosophy articles</span></span></td><td class="mbox-empty-cell"></td></tr><tr><td class="assess import-high"><a href="/wiki/Category:High-importance_Philosophy_articles" title="Category:High-importance Philosophy articles">High</a></td><td class="mbox-text" colspan="2">This article has been rated as <b>High-importance</b> on the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Philosophy/Assessment#Importance_scale" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Philosophy/Assessment">project's importance scale</a>.</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" class="wpb-collapsed-notes"><table class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><tbody><tr><th colspan="3" class="wpb-collapsed-head">Associated task forces:</th></tr><tr><td class="mbox-image wpb-gutter" style="min-width:50px"><span class="wpb-iefix">/ </span></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Location_dot_dark_red.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Taskforce icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Location_dot_dark_red.svg/15px-Location_dot_dark_red.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Location_dot_dark_red.svg/23px-Location_dot_dark_red.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Location_dot_dark_red.svg/30px-Location_dot_dark_red.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="30" data-file-height="30"/></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td><td class="mbox-text" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Philosophy/Social_and_political" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Philosophy/Social and political">Social and political philosophy</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237879475"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1259570071"><table class="tmbox tmbox-notice mw-collapsible innercollapse wpb wpb-table"><tbody><tr class="wpb-header"><td class="wpb-header-icon"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Female_Face_Mask_(Gambanda),_early_1900s,_Central_Africa,_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo,_Pende_people,_wood,_fiber_-_Cleveland_Museum_of_Art_-_DSC08700.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Female_Face_Mask_%28Gambanda%29%2C_early_1900s%2C_Central_Africa%2C_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo%2C_Pende_people%2C_wood%2C_fiber_-_Cleveland_Museum_of_Art_-_DSC08700.JPG/19px-Female_Face_Mask_%28Gambanda%29%2C_early_1900s%2C_Central_Africa%2C_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo%2C_Pende_people%2C_wood%2C_fiber_-_Cleveland_Museum_of_Art_-_DSC08700.JPG" decoding="async" width="19" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Female_Face_Mask_%28Gambanda%29%2C_early_1900s%2C_Central_Africa%2C_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo%2C_Pende_people%2C_wood%2C_fiber_-_Cleveland_Museum_of_Art_-_DSC08700.JPG/28px-Female_Face_Mask_%28Gambanda%29%2C_early_1900s%2C_Central_Africa%2C_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo%2C_Pende_people%2C_wood%2C_fiber_-_Cleveland_Museum_of_Art_-_DSC08700.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Female_Face_Mask_%28Gambanda%29%2C_early_1900s%2C_Central_Africa%2C_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo%2C_Pende_people%2C_wood%2C_fiber_-_Cleveland_Museum_of_Art_-_DSC08700.JPG/37px-Female_Face_Mask_%28Gambanda%29%2C_early_1900s%2C_Central_Africa%2C_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo%2C_Pende_people%2C_wood%2C_fiber_-_Cleveland_Museum_of_Art_-_DSC08700.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3240" data-file-height="4320"/></a></span></td><td class="wpb-header-combined"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Anthropology" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Anthropology">Anthropology</a> <span class="wpb-header-bubbles import-mid">Mid‑importance</span></td></tr><tr><td class="mbox-text wpb-main" colspan="2"><table><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image wpb-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Female_Face_Mask_(Gambanda),_early_1900s,_Central_Africa,_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo,_Pende_people,_wood,_fiber_-_Cleveland_Museum_of_Art_-_DSC08700.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Female_Face_Mask_%28Gambanda%29%2C_early_1900s%2C_Central_Africa%2C_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo%2C_Pende_people%2C_wood%2C_fiber_-_Cleveland_Museum_of_Art_-_DSC08700.JPG/80px-Female_Face_Mask_%28Gambanda%29%2C_early_1900s%2C_Central_Africa%2C_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo%2C_Pende_people%2C_wood%2C_fiber_-_Cleveland_Museum_of_Art_-_DSC08700.JPG" decoding="async" width="80" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Female_Face_Mask_%28Gambanda%29%2C_early_1900s%2C_Central_Africa%2C_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo%2C_Pende_people%2C_wood%2C_fiber_-_Cleveland_Museum_of_Art_-_DSC08700.JPG/120px-Female_Face_Mask_%28Gambanda%29%2C_early_1900s%2C_Central_Africa%2C_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo%2C_Pende_people%2C_wood%2C_fiber_-_Cleveland_Museum_of_Art_-_DSC08700.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Female_Face_Mask_%28Gambanda%29%2C_early_1900s%2C_Central_Africa%2C_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo%2C_Pende_people%2C_wood%2C_fiber_-_Cleveland_Museum_of_Art_-_DSC08700.JPG/160px-Female_Face_Mask_%28Gambanda%29%2C_early_1900s%2C_Central_Africa%2C_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo%2C_Pende_people%2C_wood%2C_fiber_-_Cleveland_Museum_of_Art_-_DSC08700.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3240" data-file-height="4320"/></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text">This article is within the scope of <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Anthropology" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Anthropology">WikiProject Anthropology</a></b>, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of <a href="/wiki/Anthropology" title="Anthropology">Anthropology</a> on Wikipedia. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Anthropology" title="Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Anthropology">the discussion</a> and see a list of open tasks.<span class="metadata wpb-metadata"><span class="wpb-project">Anthropology</span><span class="wpb-project_link">Wikipedia:WikiProject Anthropology</span><span class="wpb-banner_name">Template:WikiProject Anthropology</span><span class="wpb-assessment_cat">Anthropology articles</span></span></td><td class="mbox-empty-cell"></td></tr><tr><td class="assess import-mid"><a href="/wiki/Category:Mid-importance_Anthropology_articles" title="Category:Mid-importance Anthropology articles">Mid</a></td><td class="mbox-text" colspan="2">This article has been rated as <b>Mid-importance</b> on the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Version_1.0_Editorial_Team/Release_Version_Criteria#Importance_of_topic" title="Wikipedia:Version 1.0 Editorial Team/Release Version Criteria">importance scale</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237879475"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1259570071"><table class="tmbox tmbox-notice mw-collapsible innercollapse wpb wpb-table"><tbody><tr class="wpb-header"><td class="wpb-header-icon"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/25px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/38px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/50px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160"/></a></span></td><td class="wpb-header-combined"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Politics" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Politics">Politics</a> <span class="wpb-header-bubbles import-high">High‑importance</span></td></tr><tr><td class="mbox-text wpb-main" colspan="2"><table><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image wpb-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/50px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/75px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/100px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160"/></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1259569809"><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/28px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/42px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/56px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160"/></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></span></li></ul>This article is within the scope of <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Politics" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Politics">WikiProject Politics</a></b>, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of <a href="/wiki/Politics" title="Politics">politics</a> on Wikipedia. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Politics" title="Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Politics">the discussion</a> and see a list of open tasks.<span class="metadata wpb-metadata"><span class="wpb-project">Politics</span><span class="wpb-project_link">Wikipedia:WikiProject Politics</span><span class="wpb-banner_name">Template:WikiProject Politics</span><span class="wpb-assessment_cat">politics articles</span></span></td><td class="mbox-empty-cell"></td></tr><tr><td class="assess import-high"><a href="/wiki/Category:High-importance_politics_articles" title="Category:High-importance politics articles">High</a></td><td class="mbox-text" colspan="2">This article has been rated as <b>High-importance</b> on the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Politics/Assessment#Importance_scale" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Politics/Assessment">project's importance 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href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Cultural_Evolution" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Cultural Evolution">Cultural Evolution</a> <span class="wpb-header-bubbles"> (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:INACTIVEWP" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:INACTIVEWP">inactive</a>)</span></td></tr><tr><td class="mbox-text wpb-main" colspan="2"><table><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image wpb-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:People_icon_dead.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/People_icon_dead.svg/40px-People_icon_dead.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/People_icon_dead.svg/60px-People_icon_dead.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/People_icon_dead.svg/80px-People_icon_dead.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100"/></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text">This article is within 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1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/62px-P_history.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360"/></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:History" title="Portal:History">History portal</a></span></li></ul>This article is within the scope of <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_History" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject History">WikiProject History</a></b>, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of the subject of <a href="/wiki/History" title="History">History</a> on Wikipedia. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_History" title="Wikipedia talk:WikiProject History">the discussion</a> and see a list of open tasks.<span class="metadata wpb-metadata"><span class="wpb-project">History</span><span class="wpb-project_link">Wikipedia:WikiProject History</span><span class="wpb-banner_name">Template:WikiProject History</span><span class="wpb-assessment_cat">history articles</span></span></td><td class="mbox-empty-cell"></td></tr><tr><td class="assess import-high"><a href="/wiki/Category:High-importance_history_articles" title="Category:High-importance history articles">High</a></td><td class="mbox-text" colspan="2">This article has been rated as <b>High-importance</b> on the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_History/Assessment#Importance_scale" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject History/Assessment">project's importance scale</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237879475"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1259570071"><table class="tmbox tmbox-notice mw-collapsible innercollapse wpb wpb-table"><tbody><tr class="wpb-header"><td class="wpb-header-icon"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Religious_syms.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Religious_syms.svg/25px-Religious_syms.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Religious_syms.svg/38px-Religious_syms.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Religious_syms.svg/50px-Religious_syms.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="768"/></a></span></td><td class="wpb-header-combined"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Religion" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Religion">Religion</a> <span class="wpb-header-bubbles import-mid">Mid‑importance</span></td></tr><tr><td class="mbox-text wpb-main" colspan="2"><table><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image wpb-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Religious_syms.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Religious_syms.svg/80px-Religious_syms.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Religious_syms.svg/120px-Religious_syms.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Religious_syms.svg/160px-Religious_syms.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="768"/></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1259569809"><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_religion_world.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/31px-P_religion_world.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/47px-P_religion_world.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/62px-P_religion_world.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360"/></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Religion" title="Portal:Religion">Religion portal</a></span></li></ul>This article is within the scope of <i><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Religion" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Religion">WikiProject Religion</a></b></i>, a project to improve Wikipedia's articles on <b><a href="/wiki/Religion" title="Religion">Religion</a></b>-related subjects. Please participate by editing the article, and help us <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Religion/Assessment" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Religion/Assessment">assess and improve</a> articles to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_is_a_good_article" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:What is a good article">good</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Version_1.0_Editorial_Team" title="Wikipedia:Version 1.0 Editorial Team">1.0</a> standards, or visit the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Religion" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Religion">wikiproject page</a> for more details.<span class="metadata wpb-metadata"><span class="wpb-project">Religion</span><span class="wpb-project_link">Wikipedia:WikiProject Religion</span><span class="wpb-banner_name">Template:WikiProject Religion</span><span class="wpb-assessment_cat">Religion articles</span></span></td><td class="mbox-empty-cell"></td></tr><tr><td class="assess import-mid"><a href="/wiki/Category:Mid-importance_Religion_articles" title="Category:Mid-importance Religion articles">Mid</a></td><td class="mbox-text" colspan="2">This article has been rated as <b>Mid-importance</b> on the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Religion/Assessment#Importance_scale" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Religion/Assessment">project's importance scale</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237879475"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1259570071"><table class="tmbox tmbox-notice mw-collapsible innercollapse wpb wpb-table"><tbody><tr class="wpb-header"><td class="wpb-header-icon"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Christian_cross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Christian_cross.svg/18px-Christian_cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Christian_cross.svg/27px-Christian_cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Christian_cross.svg/36px-Christian_cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="404" data-file-height="564"/></a></span></td><td class="wpb-header-combined"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Christianity" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Christianity">Christianity</a> <span class="wpb-header-bubbles import-high">High‑importance</span></td></tr><tr><td class="mbox-text wpb-main" colspan="2"><table><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image wpb-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Christian_cross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Christian_cross.svg/50px-Christian_cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Christian_cross.svg/75px-Christian_cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Christian_cross.svg/100px-Christian_cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="404" data-file-height="564"/></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1259569809"><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/31px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/47px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/62px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360"/></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Christianity" title="Portal:Christianity">Christianity portal</a></span></li></ul>This article is within the scope of <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Christianity" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Christianity">WikiProject Christianity</a></b>, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> on Wikipedia. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Christianity">the discussion</a> and see a list of open tasks.<span class="metadata wpb-metadata"><span class="wpb-project">Christianity</span><span class="wpb-project_link">Wikipedia:WikiProject Christianity</span><span class="wpb-banner_name">Template:WikiProject Christianity</span><span class="wpb-assessment_cat">Christianity articles</span></span></td><td class="mbox-empty-cell"></td></tr><tr><td class="assess import-high"><a href="/wiki/Category:High-importance_Christianity_articles" title="Category:High-importance Christianity articles">High</a></td><td class="mbox-text" colspan="2">This article has been rated as <b>High-importance</b> on the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Christianity/Assessment#Importance_scale" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Christianity/Assessment">project's importance scale</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237879475"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1259570071"><table class="tmbox tmbox-notice mw-collapsible innercollapse wpb wpb-table"><tbody><tr class="wpb-header"><td class="wpb-header-icon"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/18px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/28px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/37px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="815" data-file-height="1105"/></a></span></td><td class="wpb-header-combined"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Catholicism" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Catholicism">Catholicism</a> <span class="wpb-header-bubbles import-high">High‑importance</span></td></tr><tr><td class="mbox-text wpb-main" colspan="2"><table><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image wpb-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/60px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/90px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/120px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="815" data-file-height="1105"/></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1259569809"><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/48px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/64px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600"/></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholic_Church" title="Portal:Catholic Church">Catholic Church portal</a></span></li></ul><i><b>Western culture</b></i> is within the scope of <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Catholicism" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Catholicism">WikiProject Catholicism</a></b>, an attempt to better organize and improve the quality of information in articles related to the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a>. For more information, visit the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Catholicism" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Catholicism">project page</a>.<span class="metadata wpb-metadata"><span class="wpb-project">Catholicism</span><span class="wpb-project_link">Wikipedia:WikiProject Catholicism</span><span class="wpb-banner_name">Template:WikiProject Catholicism</span><span class="wpb-assessment_cat">Catholicism articles</span></span></td><td class="mbox-empty-cell"></td></tr><tr><td class="assess import-high"><a href="/wiki/Category:High-importance_Catholicism_articles" title="Category:High-importance Catholicism articles">High</a></td><td class="mbox-text" colspan="2">This article has been rated as <b>High-importance</b> on the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Catholicism/Assessment#Importance_scale" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Catholicism/Assessment">project's importance scale</a>.</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0"><table class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="background:transparent;width:100%"><tbody><tr><th style="text-align:left;padding:0.2em 2px 0.2em 0">Catholicism task list:</th></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left;padding:5px;background-color:white;border:1px solid #c0c090;margin-top:5px"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist plainlinks" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;"><ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia%3AWikiProject_Catholicism%2Fto_do&action=edit">edit</a></li><li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia%3AWikiProject_Catholicism%2Fto_do&action=history">history</a></li><li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia%3AWikiProject_Catholicism%2Fto_do&action=watch">watch</a></li><li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia%3AWikiProject_Catholicism%2Fto_do&action=purge">purge</a></li></ul> </div> <table style="background:none;color:inherit;width:auto;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:top;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_korganizer.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e6/Nuvola_apps_korganizer.svg/50px-Nuvola_apps_korganizer.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e6/Nuvola_apps_korganizer.svg/75px-Nuvola_apps_korganizer.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e6/Nuvola_apps_korganizer.svg/100px-Nuvola_apps_korganizer.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128"/></a></span><br/><div style="width: 55px; height: 0px;"></div> </td> <td> <div style="position: relative; left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; z-index: 15;">Here are some tasks awaiting attention: <ul style="font-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0.3em 0px 0.3em 25px;"> <li><b><i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Requested_articles" title="Wikipedia:Requested articles">Article requests</a></i> :</b> see <a href="/wiki/Category:Draft-Class_Catholicism_articles" title="Category:Draft-Class Catholicism articles">Draft articles</a></li><li><b><i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Content_assessment" title="Wikipedia:Content assessment">Assess</a></i> :</b> see <a href="/wiki/Category:Unassessed_Catholicism_articles" title="Category:Unassessed Catholicism articles">Category:Unassessed Catholicism articles</a>; <a href="/wiki/Category:Unknown-importance_Catholicism_articles" title="Category:Unknown-importance Catholicism articles">Category:Unknown-importance Catholicism articles</a></li><li><b><i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cleanup" title="Wikipedia:Cleanup">Cleanup</a></i> :</b> <a href="/wiki/Blessed_Virgin_Mary" class="mw-redirect" title="Blessed Virgin Mary">Blessed Virgin Mary</a> (see the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Veneration_of_Mary_in_Roman_Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Talk:Veneration of Mary in Roman Catholicism">talk page</a>)</li><li><b><i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Collaborations" title="Wikipedia:Collaborations">Collaborate</a></i> :</b> Invitation template needed, see <a href="/wiki/Category:WikiProject_invitation_templates" title="Category:WikiProject invitation templates">Category:WikiProject invitation templates</a></li><li><b><i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Basic_copyediting" title="Wikipedia:Basic copyediting">Copyedit</a></i> :</b> <a href="/wiki/Cuthbert_Tunstall" title="Cuthbert Tunstall">Cuthbert Tunstall</a></li><li><b><i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Writing_better_articles" title="Wikipedia:Writing better articles">Expand</a></i> :</b> <a href="/wiki/Angelus" title="Angelus">Angelus</a>; <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholicism_in_Kosovo" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholicism in Kosovo">Roman Catholicism in Kosovo</a>; <a href="/wiki/Adolph_John_Paschang" title="Adolph John Paschang">Bishop Adolph John Paschang</a>; <a href="/wiki/Cum_s%C3%A6pe_accidere" class="mw-redirect" title="Cum sæpe accidere">Cum sæpe accidere</a>; <a href="/wiki/Altar_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Altar Society">Altar Society</a>; <a href="/wiki/American_Board_of_Catholic_Missions" title="American Board of Catholic Missions">American Board of Catholic Missions</a>; <a href="/wiki/Bernard_H%C3%A4ring" class="mw-redirect" title="Bernard Häring">Bernard Häring</a></li><li><b><i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">NPOV</a></i> :</b> <a href="/wiki/Americanism_(heresy)" title="Americanism (heresy)">Americanism (heresy)</a>; <a href="/wiki/Ensoulment" title="Ensoulment">Ensoulment</a></li><li><b><i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Requested_pictures" title="Wikipedia:Requested pictures">Photo</a></i> :</b> see <a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_requested_photographs_of_Catholicism" title="Category:Wikipedia requested photographs of Catholicism">Category:Wikipedia requested photographs of Catholicism</a></li><li><b><i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub" title="Wikipedia:Stub">Stubs</a></i> :</b> see <a href="/wiki/Category:Stub-Class_Catholicism_articles" title="Category:Stub-Class Catholicism articles">Category:Stub-Class Catholicism articles</a>; <a href="/wiki/Category:Catholic_Church_stubs" title="Category:Catholic Church stubs">Category:Catholic Church stubs</a></li><li><b><i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:As_of" title="Wikipedia:As of">Update</a></i> :</b> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:PR" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:PR">Peer review</a>; <a href="/wiki/John_Aloysius_Maguire" class="mw-redirect" title="John Aloysius Maguire">John Aloysius Maguire</a></li><li><b><i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">Verify</a></i> :</b> <a href="/wiki/Archdiocese_of_Glasgow" title="Archdiocese of Glasgow">Archdiocese of Glasgow</a>; <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Westminster" title="Archbishop of Westminster">Archbishop of Westminster</a>; <a href="/wiki/Bishop" title="Bishop">Bishop</a>; <a href="/wiki/Saint_Mungo" title="Saint Mungo">Saint Mungo</a>; <a href="/wiki/Sanctification" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanctification">Sanctification</a>; <a href="/wiki/Westminster_Cathedral" title="Westminster Cathedral">Westminster Cathedral</a></li><li><b><i>Other</i> :</b> Watch <a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Catholicism/Articles" title="Special:RecentChangesLinked/Wikipedia:WikiProject Catholicism/Articles">recent changes</a> for Catholicism articles</li> </ul> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237879475"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1259570071"><table class="tmbox tmbox-notice mw-collapsible innercollapse wpb wpb-table"><tbody><tr class="wpb-header"><td class="wpb-header-icon"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vista_Login_Manager_Cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Vista_Login_Manager_Cropped.svg/33px-Vista_Login_Manager_Cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="33" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Vista_Login_Manager_Cropped.svg/50px-Vista_Login_Manager_Cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Vista_Login_Manager_Cropped.svg/66px-Vista_Login_Manager_Cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="76"/></a></span></td><td class="wpb-header-combined"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Sociology" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Sociology">Sociology</a> <span class="wpb-header-bubbles import-high">High‑importance</span></td></tr><tr><td class="mbox-text wpb-main" colspan="2"><table><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image wpb-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vista_Login_Manager_Cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Vista_Login_Manager_Cropped.svg/80px-Vista_Login_Manager_Cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="61" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Vista_Login_Manager_Cropped.svg/120px-Vista_Login_Manager_Cropped.svg.png 1.5x, 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The result of <a href="/wiki/Special:PermanentLink/1077556698#Requested_move_13_March_2022" title="Special:PermanentLink/1077556698">the discussion</a> was <b>not moved</b>.</td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237879475"> <table id="archivebox" role="presentation" class="tmbox tmbox-notice mbox-small" style="text-align: center; padding: 1em;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:0.6em 0 0.25em;"> <div style="width:100%; overflow:hidden;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Replacement_filing_cabinet.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/2a/Replacement_filing_cabinet.svg/40px-Replacement_filing_cabinet.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/2a/Replacement_filing_cabinet.svg/60px-Replacement_filing_cabinet.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/2a/Replacement_filing_cabinet.svg/80px-Replacement_filing_cabinet.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200"/></a></span><br/><b>Archives</b></div> </td></tr><tr> <td class="plainlinks"> <p><a href="/wiki/User:ClueBot_III/Master_Detailed_Indices/Talk:Western_culture" title="User:ClueBot III/Master Detailed Indices/Talk:Western culture">Index</a> <a href="/wiki/Talk:Western_culture/Archive_1" title="Talk:Western culture/Archive 1">1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Talk:Western_culture/Archive_2" title="Talk:Western culture/Archive 2">2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Talk:Western_culture/Archive_3" title="Talk:Western culture/Archive 3">3</a>, <a href="/wiki/Talk:Western_culture/Archive_4" title="Talk:Western culture/Archive 4">4</a> </p> </td> </tr><tr><td style="padding-bottom:11px"><div class="mw-inputbox-centered" style=""><form name="searchbox" class="searchbox mw-inputbox-form" action="/wiki/Special:Search"><div class="cdx-text-input"><input class="mw-inputbox-input mw-searchInput searchboxInput cdx-text-input__input" name="search" placeholder="" size="22" dir="ltr"/></div><input type="hidden" value="Talk:Western culture/" name="prefix"/><br/><input type="submit" name="fulltext" value="Search archives" class="cdx-button"/><input type="hidden" value="Search" name="fulltext"/></form></div> </td></tr><tr><td style="padding:0px 10px; font-size:11.9px;"> <hr/> This page has archives. Sections older than <b>365 days</b> may be automatically archived by <span class="nowraplinks"><a href="/wiki/User:ClueBot_III" title="User:ClueBot III">ClueBot III</a></span> when more than 8 sections are present.</td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><br/> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc"/> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="This_article_seems_biassed_and_inaccurate." data-mw-thread-id="h-This_article_seems_biassed_and_inaccurate.-20221009024300"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-This_article_seems_biassed_and_inaccurate.-20221009024300"></span>This article seems biassed and inaccurate.<span data-mw-comment-end="h-This_article_seems_biassed_and_inaccurate.-20221009024300"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Western_culture&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: This article seems biassed and inaccurate."><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-bar"><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-metadata"></div><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-actions"></div></div></div> <p><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-49.198.107.1-20221009024300-This_article_seems_biassed_and_inaccurate."></span>For example the following statement: “ Christianity laid a stress on the inward aspects of actions and on motives, notions that were foreign to the ancient world.” - is wrong. Both Buddhism and Hindu philosophies has a central concept of actions, motives and consequences called karma, which is an inward aspect concerning the individual. The Christian notion of reaching commune with god can be likened to the Buddhist enlightenment, or liberation from the cycle of suffering existence, although the similarity cannot be taken far. In both cases the individual self or ego is overcome, which is a new irreversible state of existence. <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/49.198.107.1" title="Special:Contributions/49.198.107.1">49.198.107.1</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=User_talk:49.198.107.1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="User talk:49.198.107.1 (page does not exist)">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Western_culture#c-49.198.107.1-20221009024300-This_article_seems_biassed_and_inaccurate." class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">02:43, 9 October 2022 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-49.198.107.1-20221009024300-This_article_seems_biassed_and_inaccurate."><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-49.198.107.1-20221009024300-This_article_seems_biassed_and_inaccurate."></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Philippines" data-mw-thread-id="h-Philippines-20221114125400"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Philippines-20221114125400"></span>Philippines<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Philippines-20221114125400"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Western_culture&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Philippines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-bar"><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-metadata"></div><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-actions"></div></div></div> <p><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Furius-20221114125400-Philippines"></span>It looks like an edit war is brewing and I think it is time to bring the discussion to the talk page, rather than trying to have it in the edit summaries. The discussion ought to be based on what reliable sources say - not our own opinions. It's probably worth taking stock also of the comments in the terminology section of the article "Since the context is highly biased and context-dependent, there is no agreed definition of what the "West" is." There's also a question about why we're singling out the Philippines in particular - the lead <i>can't</i> become a list of every country in the world that counts as "western" <span class="template-ping">@<a href="/wiki/User:Keroscene777" title="User:Keroscene777">Keroscene777</a>:</span>, <span class="template-ping">@<a href="/w/index.php?title=User:Wowza5005&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="User:Wowza5005 (page does not exist)">Wowza5005</a>:</span>. <a href="/wiki/User:Furius" title="User:Furius">Furius</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Furius" title="User talk:Furius">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Western_culture#c-Furius-20221114125400-Philippines" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">12:54, 14 November 2022 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Furius-20221114125400-Philippines"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Furius-20221114125400-Philippines"></span> </p> <dl><dd><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Keroscene777-20221114143500-Furius-20221114125400"></span>Hello there @<a href="/wiki/User:Furius" title="User:Furius">Furius</a>. I agree with you on this matter. It does begining to be an edit war. However I noticed @<a href="/w/index.php?title=User:Wowza5005&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="User:Wowza5005 (page does not exist)">Wowza5005</a> behavior on the matter is not very professional and that we may be dealing with a vandal. I honestly gave a reliable sources for my edit. And research about it. On the other hand When you asked @<a href="/w/index.php?title=User:Wowza5005&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="User:Wowza5005 (page does not exist)">Wowza5005</a> to give a source, what he gave is the article (<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.csub.edu/PacificRim/countryprospectus/culture.htm">https://www.csub.edu/PacificRim/countryprospectus/culture.htm</a>) An article which basically proves my point, instead he added his own interpretation:</dd> <dd>-"The Philippines is a culture in which East meets West. The Filipino people have a distinct Asian background, with a strong Western tradition" Plurality language is not Western, ethnicity is not Western, and most cultural symbols have been derived from both Asia & Europe".</dd> <dd>These are very fallatious and ignorant of the what the Philippines is. Filipinos do speak English for commerce and historically speaks Spanish and does still have creole ethno linguistic group called Chavacano that is based on Spanish and local languages.</dd> <dd>And about the ethnicities, Again, I made my point, we are talking about CULTURE and not PEOPLE or RACE, that is why this article was titled "Western Culture" something that could be practiced by any people that have it as a cultural tradition regardless of race from which they inheritted it albeit colonialism, immigration or influence. Any race of America or Australia wether it is African or Asian also practice these cultures in forms of arts, architecture, music, poetry, dance, philosophy etc as part of the America and Australian society which practice these as a cultural traditions. @<a href="/w/index.php?title=User:Wowza5005&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="User:Wowza5005 (page does not exist)">Wowza5005</a> argued that "...with countires like the US and Australia, the entire population was imported from Europe" which is wrong! The entire population of US and Australia are not from Europe, they are multi Ethnic groups of people living in US and Australia. But these are the kind of fallatious arguments we are dealing with are we?</dd> <dd>Another thing @<a href="/w/index.php?title=User:Wowza5005&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="User:Wowza5005 (page does not exist)">Wowza5005</a> brought out is that "...If you were to accept the Phillipines as Western, you must accept Africa too." There's a lot of African countries. And yes, a lot of them are westernized. South Africa and Liberia's culture for example use traditional dress, music, dance, arts, architecture etc. that are based on from west albeit undergone local lenses like the Philippines. So to a varying degree, yes.</dd> <dd>My main point here is the Philippines, although with a majority of population originated from Asia. Those same majority, especially the Christianised Lowlander natives population, their belief and practices stems from what they inheritted from the West i .e Spain and Americas (North and South). Albeit undergone evolutions from the local lenses but western based nevertheless. Cultures always undergone local lenses when being adapted by another culture. For example. The early germanic tribes, when they adapt Roman cultures, it definitely undergone their local sensibilities, yet, that doesn't mean they are not Romanized. History tells us they are indeed, Romanized, especially the Franks and the Goths. Another example is, again, Ptolomaic Egypt being labeled as Hellenistic, even though the majority of populations are still local and traditional Egyptian beliefs are still preserved, but they are nevertheless Hellenistic. This is the exact same situation that happened to the Philippines. The lowlander people who are the majority of population are christians Those people historically, (before modernization) like the rest of Europe and America, don't practice any other arts, besides that of Renaissance, Baroque, Classicism. Their traditional music mostly based on Classicism and Spanish guitar/randolla(see: Marcello Adonay, Ernesto Vallejo, Francisco Buencamino). and this goes on and on.</dd> <dd>I'll leave this with one more thing, please watch "Old Manila Castillan Memoirs" and "Manila: Queen city of the Pacific" on youtube and tell me they are not western, honestly there are more books I can recommend or you can research on your own. <a href="/wiki/User:Keroscene777" title="User:Keroscene777">Keroscene777</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Keroscene777" title="User talk:Keroscene777">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Western_culture#c-Keroscene777-20221114143500-Furius-20221114125400" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">14:35, 14 November 2022 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Keroscene777-20221114143500-Furius-20221114125400"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Keroscene777-20221114143500-Furius-20221114125400"></span> <dl><dd><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Furius-20221114172900-Keroscene777-20221114143500"></span>That's very long, but I tend to agree (<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.csub.edu/PacificRim/countryprospectus/culture.htm">https://www.csub.edu/PacificRim/countryprospectus/culture.htm</a> is not a reliable source, regardless of what it says, since it isn't peer reviewed). <a href="/wiki/User:Furius" title="User:Furius">Furius</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Furius" title="User talk:Furius">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Western_culture#c-Furius-20221114172900-Keroscene777-20221114143500" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">17:29, 14 November 2022 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Furius-20221114172900-Keroscene777-20221114143500"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Furius-20221114172900-Keroscene777-20221114143500"></span> <dl><dd><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Wowza5005-20221115091200-Furius-20221114172900"></span>Sorry for the ham-fisted edit summaries, and I agree that the source is poor. (By the way, I am not a vandal @<a href="/wiki/User:Keroscene777" title="User:Keroscene777">Keroscene777</a>) I think we should take a step back and analyze what this article is even trying to reference. The first line of the article describes Western culture as "the heritage of social norms, ethical values, traditional customs, belief systems, political systems, artifacts and technologies of the Western world". So, one by one, does the Philippines fit the bill?</dd> <dd>1: Social norms</dd> <dd>The Philippines has several differences with Western culture in social norms, such as the opinions towards eye contact, the "pagmamano" a uniquely Filipino greeting. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://theculturetrip.com/asia/philippines/articles/your-guide-to-filipino-gestures/">https://theculturetrip.com/asia/philippines/articles/your-guide-to-filipino-gestures/</a>)</dd> <dd>2: Ethical values</dd> <dd>There are many differences inside the ethics of Filipinos. For example, Filipinos have a unique cultural sense of self (see <a href="/wiki/Loob" title="Loob">Loob</a> for more information) which greatly resembles neighboring countries cultures, like the Indonesian concept of batin. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303014152/http://www.crvp.org/book/Series03/III-8/contents.htm">https://web.archive.org/web/20160303014152/http://www.crvp.org/book/Series03/III-8/contents.htm</a>) <-- from Loob article</dd> <dd>Additionally, their cultural tradition loosely analogous to stoicism, <a href="/wiki/Bahala_na" title="Bahala na">Bahala na</a> has resulted from the reaction to the colonization of the islands, from the perspective of the Filipinos, not the Spanish. This is in contrast to the ethical systems created in the United States, Canada, Australia, and South Africa, which were created not as a reaction to colonization from the perspective of the colonized, but rather the colonizers.</dd> <dd>3: Traditional customs</dd> <dd>Most of Filipino traditional customs are based on the merging of "Western" and "Eastern" cultures, and a great example of this is <a href="/wiki/Marriage_and_wedding_customs_in_the_Philippines" title="Marriage and wedding customs in the Philippines">marriage</a>. They might hold the ceremony in a Western church and swear on the Western bible, but the bride might wear the <a href="/wiki/Baro%27t_saya" title="Baro't saya">Baro't saya</a> and the groom the <a href="/wiki/Barong_tagalog" title="Barong tagalog">Barong tagalog</a>. Another example of the merging of cultures is in <a href="/wiki/Funeral_practices_and_burial_customs_in_the_Philippines" title="Funeral practices and burial customs in the Philippines">funerals</a>, where traditional Chinese practices show up in Filipino culture, such as the practice of burning material possessions so that the dead might acquire them in the afterlife. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://journals.openedition.org/archipel/288">https://journals.openedition.org/archipel/288</a> <-- see paragraph 63)</dd> <dd>4: Belief systems</dd> <dd>Although Christianity (specifically Catholicism) is incredibly popular in the Philippines, religion is not all there is to a cultures belief systems. There are also many uniquely Filipino superstitions, including the ones involving pregnancy, money, and death. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.philippines.abouttravelingtheworld.com/philippines-culture/customs-of-philippines/philippines-traditions-and-beliefs/">http://www.philippines.abouttravelingtheworld.com/philippines-culture/customs-of-philippines/philippines-traditions-and-beliefs/</a>)</dd> <dd>5: Political systems</dd> <dd>For this point it is hard to deny that the political systems of the Philippines were heavily influenced (if not directly created) by Western powers, but it should be said that this is not at all a unique situation among Asian nations (See Japan, India, Pakistan, Indonesia, etc.).</dd> <dd>6: Artifacts</dd> <dd>Artifacts are unique, as the wealthy do produce a disproportionate amount of them, therefore many Filipino artifacts can be linked back to the Spanish elite. That being said, that does not mean there are no traditionally Filipino artifacts, such as the ancient Hindu relics like this golden 'kinnari'.<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://etc.worldhistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/150911_PG_backstory_kinnari.jpg">[1]</a></dd> <dd>7: Technology</dd> <dd>Since the Philippines was colonized for so long, you could say anything produced during that period was "Western technology", and most scientific institutions were brought to the Philippines by Europeans, not created internally. I will admit, the Philippines does (mostly) have a Western technological culture.</dd> <dd>I think I have demonstrated of the 7 aspects of Western culture referenced in this article, 3 of them are clearly created through heavy mixing of both Eastern and Western cultures, 3 of them are created through at least moderate mixing of Eastern and Western cultures, and 1 is mostly created through Western culture. I believe that this clearly shows that the Philippines does not exhibit sufficient Western cultural integration to merit including it in the first paragraph of as one of 3 examples of places that are "strongly connected" with Europe, and as prime examples of exported Western culture.</dd> <dd>A direct response to @<a href="/wiki/User:Keroscene777" title="User:Keroscene777">Keroscene777</a> and explanation of my edit summary is included in my talk page. Thank you. <a href="/w/index.php?title=User:Wowza5005&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="User:Wowza5005 (page does not exist)">Wowza5005</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Wowza5005" title="User talk:Wowza5005">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Western_culture#c-Wowza5005-20221115091200-Furius-20221114172900" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">09:12, 15 November 2022 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Wowza5005-20221115091200-Furius-20221114172900"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Wowza5005-20221115091200-Furius-20221114172900"></span></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Germanic_influence" data-mw-thread-id="h-Germanic_influence-20230217223100"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Germanic_influence-20230217223100"></span>Germanic influence<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Germanic_influence-20230217223100"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Western_culture&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Germanic influence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-bar"><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-metadata"></div><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-actions"></div></div></div> <p><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-90.231.171.26-20230217223100-Germanic_influence"></span>I get that ancient greece and and ancient rome laid the foundations for western culture, but in what way has germanic culture strongly influenced western culture, as to be on par with greco-roman culture? I know there are minor influences, but I fail to see how it strongly influenced western culture, apart from the romanticized and mostly fictionalized vikings in pop culture. <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/90.231.171.26" title="Special:Contributions/90.231.171.26">90.231.171.26</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=User_talk:90.231.171.26&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="User talk:90.231.171.26 (page does not exist)">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Western_culture#c-90.231.171.26-20230217223100-Germanic_influence" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">22:31, 17 February 2023 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-90.231.171.26-20230217223100-Germanic_influence"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-90.231.171.26-20230217223100-Germanic_influence"></span> </p> <dl><dd><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Eliasbizannes-20230217230400-90.231.171.26-20230217223100"></span>Probably the biggest impact would be the Franks, Charlamange and the Carolingian dynasty which setup western Europe as we know it. But good question on what cultural contribution that was new, not sure what that is. <a href="/wiki/User:Eliasbizannes" class="mw-redirect" title="User:Eliasbizannes">Elias</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Eliasbizannes" class="mw-redirect" title="User talk:Eliasbizannes">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Western_culture#c-Eliasbizannes-20230217230400-90.231.171.26-20230217223100" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">23:04, 17 February 2023 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Eliasbizannes-20230217230400-90.231.171.26-20230217223100"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Eliasbizannes-20230217230400-90.231.171.26-20230217223100"></span></dd></dl> <dl><dd><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-UlyssorZebra-20230218061800-90.231.171.26-20230217223100"></span>I'd argue that the Germanic part is rather underplayed in this article at the moment. Just think of its influence on law, feudalism and kingship, just to name three. <a href="/w/index.php?title=User:UlyssorZebra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="User:UlyssorZebra (page does not exist)">UlyssorZebra</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:UlyssorZebra" title="User talk:UlyssorZebra">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Western_culture#c-UlyssorZebra-20230218061800-90.231.171.26-20230217223100" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">06:18, 18 February 2023 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-UlyssorZebra-20230218061800-90.231.171.26-20230217223100"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-UlyssorZebra-20230218061800-90.231.171.26-20230217223100"></span></dd> <dd><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-50.45.40.204-20230614171800-90.231.171.26-20230217223100"></span>What is considered psychologically normal in western civilization is defined by what is considered psychologically normal to ethnic germanic people. If romans and greeks still had control over western civilization, what is considered psychologically normal would be different from what it is in today's world. An example is that back in roman and greek times raping women was considered normal and in today's world raping women is not considered normal. In general, before the germanic invasion behaving like a psychopath was considered normal and after the germanic invasion behaving like a psychopath became considered psychologically abnormal over time. <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/50.45.40.204" title="Special:Contributions/50.45.40.204">50.45.40.204</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=User_talk:50.45.40.204&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="User talk:50.45.40.204 (page does not exist)">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Western_culture#c-50.45.40.204-20230614171800-90.231.171.26-20230217223100" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">17:18, 14 June 2023 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-50.45.40.204-20230614171800-90.231.171.26-20230217223100"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-50.45.40.204-20230614171800-90.231.171.26-20230217223100"></span> <dl><dd><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-90.231.171.26-20230629000000-50.45.40.204-20230614171800"></span>I think you might be suffering from delusional disorder <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/90.231.171.26" title="Special:Contributions/90.231.171.26">90.231.171.26</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=User_talk:90.231.171.26&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="User talk:90.231.171.26 (page does not exist)">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Western_culture#c-90.231.171.26-20230629000000-50.45.40.204-20230614171800" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">00:00, 29 June 2023 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-90.231.171.26-20230629000000-50.45.40.204-20230614171800"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-90.231.171.26-20230629000000-50.45.40.204-20230614171800"></span></dd></dl></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Scope_of_Hellenism_unclear" data-mw-thread-id="h-Scope_of_Hellenism_unclear-20230430224000"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Scope_of_Hellenism_unclear-20230430224000"></span>Scope of Hellenism unclear<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Scope_of_Hellenism_unclear-20230430224000"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Western_culture&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Scope of Hellenism unclear"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-bar"><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-metadata"></div><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-actions"></div></div></div> <blockquote> <p><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-MaxEnt-20230430224000-Scope_of_Hellenism_unclear"></span>A cornerstone of Western thought, beginning in ancient Greece and continuing through the Middle Ages and Renaissance, is the idea of rationalism in various spheres of life developed by <b>Hellenistic</b> philosophy, scholasticism and humanism. </p> </blockquote> <p>Does 'Hellenistic' modify just the first item, or all three? Should not be left to the reader to arbitrate this. Those buffing up the yada yada they've heard a thousand times before will make a reasonable guess, the rest won't. </p><p>Degree of difficulty: scholasticism dates back to Aristotle, but there's no page on Wikipedia titled "classical humanism". — <a href="/wiki/User:MaxEnt" title="User:MaxEnt">MaxEnt</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Western_culture#c-MaxEnt-20230430224000-Scope_of_Hellenism_unclear" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">22:40, 30 April 2023 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-MaxEnt-20230430224000-Scope_of_Hellenism_unclear"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-MaxEnt-20230430224000-Scope_of_Hellenism_unclear"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Listicle_city" data-mw-thread-id="h-Listicle_city-20230430225700"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Listicle_city-20230430225700"></span>Listicle city<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Listicle_city-20230430225700"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Western_culture&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Listicle city"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-bar"><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-metadata"></div><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-actions"></div></div></div> <p><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-MaxEnt-20230430225700-Listicle_city"></span>For the record, here's what the lead looks like after I expanding it into note form for my own personal Wiki: </p> <blockquote> <p><b>Western culture</b> is the Western heritage of: </p> <ul><li>social norms</li> <li>ethical values</li> <li>traditional customs</li> <li>belief systems</li> <li>political systems</li> <li>artifacts and technologies</li></ul> <p>The term applies beyond Europe to </p> <ul><li>countries</li> <li>cultures</li></ul> <p>whose histories are strongly connected to Europe by: </p> <ul><li>immigration</li> <li>colonization</li> <li>influence</li></ul> <p>Western culture is most strongly influenced by: </p> <ul><li>Greco-Roman culture</li> <li>Christian culture</li> <li>Germanic culture — to some extent</li></ul> <p>The expansion of Greek culture into the Hellenistic world of the eastern Mediterranean led to: </p> <ul><li>synthesis between Greek and Near-Eastern cultures</li> <li>major advances: <ul><li>literature</li> <li>engineering</li> <li>science</li></ul></li> <li>cultural foundation for the expansion of: <ul><li>early Christianity</li> <li>Greek New Testament</li></ul></li></ul> <p>This period overlapped with and was followed by the Roman Empire, which made key contributions in: </p> <ul><li>law</li> <li>government</li> <li>engineering</li> <li>political organization</li></ul> <p>Western culture is characterized by a host of themes and traditions: </p> <ul><li>artistic</li> <li>philosophic</li> <li>literary</li> <li>legal</li></ul> <p>Christianity has played a prominent role in the shaping of Western civilization since at least the 4th century </p> <ul><li>primarily the Roman Catholic Church</li> <li>later Protestantism</li></ul> <p>Judaism was also influential. </p><p>A cornerstone of Western thought </p> <ul><li>beginning in ancient Greece</li> <li>continuing through the Middle Ages</li> <li>continuing through the Renaissance</li></ul> <p>is the idea of rationalism in various spheres of life developed by: </p> <ul><li>Hellenistic philosophy</li> <li>scholasticism</li> <li>humanism</li></ul> <p>Empiricism later gave rise to the: </p> <ul><li>scientific method</li> <li>scientific revolution</li> <li>Age of Enlightenment</li></ul> <p>Western culture continued to develop with: </p> <ul><li>Christianization of European society during the Middle Ages</li> <li>reforms triggered by the medieval renaissances</li> <li>influence of the Islamic world via Al-Andalus and Sicily, including: <ul><li><ul><li>transfer of technology from the East</li></ul></li> <li>Latin translations of Arabic texts on science and philosophy <ul><li>by Greek and Hellenic-influenced Islamic philosophers</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Italian Renaissance</li></ul> <p>During the Italian Renaissance, Greek scholars fleeing the fall of the Byzantine Empire after the Ottoman conquest of Constantinople brought classical traditions and philosophy. </p><p>This major change for non-Western countries and their people saw a development in modernization in those countries. </p><p>Medieval Christianity is credited with creating: </p> <ul><li>modern university</li> <li>modern hospital system</li> <li>scientific economics</li> <li>natural law <ul><li>would later influence the creation of international law</li></ul></li></ul> <p>Christianity played a role in ending practices common among European pagans at the time, such as: </p> <ul><li>human sacrifice</li> <li>infanticide</li></ul> <p>European culture developed with a complex range of: </p> <ul><li>philosophy</li> <li>medieval scholasticism</li> <li>mysticism</li> <li>Christian humanism</li> <li>secular humanism</li></ul> <p>Rational thinking developed through a long age of change and formation: </p> <ul><li>experiments of the Enlightenment</li> <li>breakthroughs in the sciences</li></ul> <dl><dd></dd></dl> <p>Tendencies that have come to define modern Western societies include: </p> <ul><li>concept of political pluralism</li> <li>individualism</li> <li>prominent subcultures or countercultures — such as New Age movements</li> <li>increasing cultural syncretism <ul><li>resulting from</li> <li>globalization</li> <li>human migration</li></ul></li></ul> </blockquote> <p>Bleh! These relentless bullet lists are never my favourite article leads. Apart from the bullets, we have one good sentence: </p><p>"During the Italian Renaissance, Greek scholars fleeing the fall of the Byzantine Empire after the Ottoman conquest of Constantinople brought classical traditions and philosophy." </p><p>But that wasn't even a self-contained sentence until I split it off from an overgrown parental bullet list. </p><p>I'm not proposing any specific change here. I'm strictly on the "is" side of the <a href="/wiki/Is%E2%80%93ought_problem" title="Is–ought problem">is–ought problem</a>. But maybe someone else will look at this and come up with an editorial intervention that lessens the listicle overage. — <a href="/wiki/User:MaxEnt" title="User:MaxEnt">MaxEnt</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Western_culture#c-MaxEnt-20230430225700-Listicle_city" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">22:57, 30 April 2023 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-MaxEnt-20230430225700-Listicle_city"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-MaxEnt-20230430225700-Listicle_city"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Suggested_Edit" data-mw-thread-id="h-Suggested_Edit-20231123033300"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Suggested_Edit-20231123033300"></span>Suggested Edit<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Suggested_Edit-20231123033300"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Western_culture&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Suggested Edit"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-bar"><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-metadata"></div><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-actions"></div></div></div> <p><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-2603:7000:9900:3000:ED6D:4592:2838:C921-20231123033300-Suggested_Edit"></span>I would suggest changing "Western civilization, broadly defined, finds its roots in the foundations laid by <a href="/wiki/Greco-Roman_world" title="Greco-Roman world">Greco-Roman civilization</a>, and the tenets of <a href="/wiki/Western_Christianity" title="Western Christianity">Western Christianity</a>. It has also been significantly influenced by societal influences from <a href="/wiki/Germanic_peoples" title="Germanic peoples">Germanic peoples</a>, <a href="/wiki/Celts" title="Celts">Celts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Iberians" title="Iberians">Iberians</a>, and by wider <a href="/wiki/Judeo-Christian" title="Judeo-Christian">Judeo-Christian</a> values" to "Western civilization, broadly defined, originates from the combined foundations of <a href="/wiki/Greco-Roman_world" title="Greco-Roman world">Greco-Roman civilization</a> and <a href="/wiki/Western_Christianity" title="Western Christianity">Western Christianity</a>.<span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1209489738">.mw-parser-output .brokenref{display:none}</style><span class="brokenref">Cite error: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209489738"><span class="brokenref">The opening <code><ref></code> tag is malformed or has a bad name (see the <a href="/wiki/Help:Cite_errors/Cite_error_ref_no_key" title="Help:Cite errors/Cite error ref no key">help page</a>).</span></span></span><span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="en" dir="ltr"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209489738"><span class="brokenref">Cite error: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209489738"><span class="brokenref">The opening <code><ref></code> tag is malformed or has a bad name (see the <a href="/wiki/Help:Cite_errors/Cite_error_ref_no_key" title="Help:Cite errors/Cite error ref no key">help page</a>).</span></span></span><span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="en" dir="ltr"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209489738"><span class="brokenref">Cite error: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209489738"><span class="brokenref">The opening <code><ref></code> tag is malformed or has a bad name (see the <a href="/wiki/Help:Cite_errors/Cite_error_ref_no_key" title="Help:Cite errors/Cite error ref no key">help page</a>).</span></span></span><span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="en" dir="ltr"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209489738"><span class="brokenref">Cite error: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209489738"><span class="brokenref">The opening <code><ref></code> tag is malformed or has a bad name (see the <a href="/wiki/Help:Cite_errors/Cite_error_ref_no_key" title="Help:Cite errors/Cite error ref no key">help page</a>).</span></span></span><span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="en" dir="ltr"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209489738"><span class="brokenref">Cite error: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209489738"><span class="brokenref">The opening <code><ref></code> tag is malformed or has a bad name (see the <a href="/wiki/Help:Cite_errors/Cite_error_ref_no_key" title="Help:Cite errors/Cite error ref no key">help page</a>).</span></span></span><span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="en" dir="ltr"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209489738"><span class="brokenref">Cite error: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209489738"><span class="brokenref">The opening <code><ref></code> tag is malformed or has a bad name (see the <a href="/wiki/Help:Cite_errors/Cite_error_ref_no_key" title="Help:Cite errors/Cite error ref no key">help page</a>).</span></span></span><span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="en" dir="ltr"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209489738"><span class="brokenref">Cite error: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209489738"><span class="brokenref">The opening <code><ref></code> tag is malformed or has a bad name (see the <a href="/wiki/Help:Cite_errors/Cite_error_ref_no_key" title="Help:Cite errors/Cite error ref no key">help page</a>).</span></span></span><span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="en" dir="ltr"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209489738"><span class="brokenref">Cite error: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209489738"><span class="brokenref">The opening <code><ref></code> tag is malformed or has a bad name (see the <a href="/wiki/Help:Cite_errors/Cite_error_ref_no_key" title="Help:Cite errors/Cite error ref no key">help page</a>).</span></span></span><span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="en" dir="ltr"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209489738"><span class="brokenref">Cite error: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209489738"><span class="brokenref">The opening <code><ref></code> tag is malformed or has a bad name (see the <a href="/wiki/Help:Cite_errors/Cite_error_ref_no_key" title="Help:Cite errors/Cite error ref no key">help page</a>).</span></span></span> Western culture also comprises and has been influenced by other (sub-)cultures, such as <a href="/wiki/Germanic_peoples" title="Germanic peoples">Germanic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Celts" title="Celts">Celtic</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Slavs" title="West Slavs">West Slavic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jewish</a>, and further, non-Indo-European cultures such as the <a href="/wiki/Etruscan_civilization" title="Etruscan civilization">Etruscans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Iberians" title="Iberians">Ancient Iberians</a>." This adds the West Slavs and Etruscans, whose influence matches, if not exceeds, that of the Ancient Iberians, whose influence is minimal. Further, the language becomes clearer and more definitive without changing the substance of what is being said. <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/2603:7000:9900:3000:ED6D:4592:2838:C921" title="Special:Contributions/2603:7000:9900:3000:ED6D:4592:2838:C921">2603:7000:9900:3000:ED6D:4592:2838:C921</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=User_talk:2603:7000:9900:3000:ED6D:4592:2838:C921&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="User talk:2603:7000:9900:3000:ED6D:4592:2838:C921 (page does not exist)">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Western_culture#c-2603:7000:9900:3000:ED6D:4592:2838:C921-20231123033300-Suggested_Edit" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">03:33, 23 November 2023 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-2603:7000:9900:3000:ED6D:4592:2838:C921-20231123033300-Suggested_Edit"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-2603:7000:9900:3000:ED6D:4592:2838:C921-20231123033300-Suggested_Edit"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Only_Hutington's_biased_opinion_on_what's_Western" data-mw-thread-id="h-Only_Hutington's_biased_opinion_on_what's_Western-20241104124700"><span id="Only_Hutington.27s_biased_opinion_on_what.27s_Western"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Only_Hutington's_biased_opinion_on_what's_Western-20241104124700"></span>Only Hutington's biased opinion on what's Western<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Only_Hutington's_biased_opinion_on_what's_Western-20241104124700"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Western_culture&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Only Hutington's biased opinion on what's Western"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-bar"><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-metadata"></div><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-actions"></div></div></div> <p><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-2804:389:C03A:AF8B:0:3B:6C36:2701-20241104124700-Only_Hutington's_biased_opinion_on_what's_Western"></span>The topic uses only Huntington as a reference, with his extremely vague assumptions. Both these maps don't show Brazil and Argentina as Western countries, LOL (it shows doubt, neither denies or confirms). Both countries have a Latin tradition originated in Rome, the roots of Western civilization and even more Roman and Romance character in its societies than England or the USA. These countries also have very conservative cultures, with Christianity still strong, Roman-Germanic code of law, early metrification, and both cultures are as European as those of Portugal and Spain. To further reinforcement on how the topic uses opinative assumptions from a person that never visited most of these countries; it has the absurdity of not labeling as Western some countries that are more Western in any sense than the United States. <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/2804:389:C03A:AF8B:0:3B:6C36:2701" title="Special:Contributions/2804:389:C03A:AF8B:0:3B:6C36:2701">2804:389:C03A:AF8B:0:3B:6C36:2701</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=User_talk:2804:389:C03A:AF8B:0:3B:6C36:2701&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="User talk:2804:389:C03A:AF8B:0:3B:6C36:2701 (page does not exist)">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Western_culture#c-2804:389:C03A:AF8B:0:3B:6C36:2701-20241104124700-Only_Hutington's_biased_opinion_on_what's_Western" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">12:47, 4 November 2024 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-2804:389:C03A:AF8B:0:3B:6C36:2701-20241104124700-Only_Hutington's_biased_opinion_on_what's_Western"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-2804:389:C03A:AF8B:0:3B:6C36:2701-20241104124700-Only_Hutington's_biased_opinion_on_what's_Western"></span> </p> <dl><dd><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Alikakii-20241118000900-2804:389:C03A:AF8B:0:3B:6C36:2701-20241104124700"></span>The roots of western civilization are in Ancient Greece and then passed to Rome. Rome isnt the birthplace of western civilization. For sure this map its just an opinion of a person that dont even know history! So in this map there isnt even Greece in the western world that totally created the western world! I asked from the editors to change these maps but no one listens! They just put whatever they want! And im wondering too why wikipedia uses this specific map that its just someone's opinion and not a valid map from official sites! <a href="/w/index.php?title=User:Alikakii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="User:Alikakii (page does not exist)">Alikakii</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Alikakii" title="User talk:Alikakii">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Western_culture#c-Alikakii-20241118000900-2804:389:C03A:AF8B:0:3B:6C36:2701-20241104124700" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">00:09, 18 November 2024 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Alikakii-20241118000900-2804:389:C03A:AF8B:0:3B:6C36:2701-20241104124700"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Alikakii-20241118000900-2804:389:C03A:AF8B:0:3B:6C36:2701-20241104124700"></span> <dl><dd><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Remsense-20241118001300-Alikakii-20241118000900"></span>Would help an immense amount if you cite additional sources that provide more well rounded definitions. This article isn't very good, but it's not very helpful to act as if that's our fault collectively—most editors with this page on their watchlist are likely not previously major contributors. <span style="border-radius:2px;padding:3px;background:#1E816F"><a href="/wiki/User:Remsense" title="User:Remsense"><span style="color:#fff"><b>Remsense</b></span></a><span style="color:#fff"> ‥ </span><a href="/wiki/User_talk:Remsense" title="User talk:Remsense"><span lang="zh" style="color:#fff"><b>论</b></span></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Western_culture#c-Remsense-20241118001300-Alikakii-20241118000900" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">00:13, 18 November 2024 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Remsense-20241118001300-Alikakii-20241118000900"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Remsense-20241118001300-Alikakii-20241118000900"></span> <dl><dd><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Alikakii-20241118004700-Remsense-20241118001300"></span>Well i just asked you to remove the maps! The rest of the article is correct. And its funny to say that you are waiting someone to give you other sources for maps. As you found this map you can easily find and another valid map. I just checked on the internet and i found many other maps. You cant find them? You are so many editors here! Also if you couldnt do a correct work you shouldnt start this page from the start. Its like you tell me that you just checked for a map for this article and just put whatever map you found with the first try without even search more. <a href="/w/index.php?title=User:Alikakii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="User:Alikakii (page does not exist)">Alikakii</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Alikakii" title="User talk:Alikakii">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Western_culture#c-Alikakii-20241118004700-Remsense-20241118001300" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">00:47, 18 November 2024 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Alikakii-20241118004700-Remsense-20241118001300"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Alikakii-20241118004700-Remsense-20241118001300"></span> <dl><dd><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Remsense-20241118004900-Alikakii-20241118004700"></span>I think Huntington is full of it myself, to be clear. I'd like to remove the maps too, so I suppose I'll go ahead and do so. <span style="border-radius:2px;padding:3px;background:#1E816F"><a href="/wiki/User:Remsense" title="User:Remsense"><span style="color:#fff"><b>Remsense</b></span></a><span style="color:#fff"> ‥ </span><a href="/wiki/User_talk:Remsense" title="User talk:Remsense"><span lang="zh" style="color:#fff"><b>论</b></span></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Western_culture#c-Remsense-20241118004900-Alikakii-20241118004700" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">00:49, 18 November 2024 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Remsense-20241118004900-Alikakii-20241118004700"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Remsense-20241118004900-Alikakii-20241118004700"></span> <dl><dd><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Remsense-20241118005600-Remsense-20241118004900"></span>@<a href="/wiki/User:William_M._Connolley" title="User:William M. Connolley">William M. Connolley</a>, I will also ask that you consider how marginal Huntington's perspective is before re-adding. <span style="border-radius:2px;padding:3px;background:#1E816F"><a href="/wiki/User:Remsense" title="User:Remsense"><span style="color:#fff"><b>Remsense</b></span></a><span style="color:#fff"> ‥ </span><a href="/wiki/User_talk:Remsense" title="User talk:Remsense"><span lang="zh" style="color:#fff"><b>论</b></span></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Western_culture#c-Remsense-20241118005600-Remsense-20241118004900" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">00:56, 18 November 2024 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Remsense-20241118005600-Remsense-20241118004900"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Remsense-20241118005600-Remsense-20241118004900"></span></dd> <dd><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Alikakii-20241118005800-Remsense-20241118004900"></span>Thank you! Finally someone who understands! Also if you remove here the maps you should go to the western culture page too there are the same maps exactly. You have to remove and these maps. <a href="/w/index.php?title=User:Alikakii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="User:Alikakii (page does not exist)">Alikakii</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Alikakii" title="User talk:Alikakii">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Western_culture#c-Alikakii-20241118005800-Remsense-20241118004900" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">00:58, 18 November 2024 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Alikakii-20241118005800-Remsense-20241118004900"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Alikakii-20241118005800-Remsense-20241118004900"></span> <dl><dd><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Remsense-20241118010200-Alikakii-20241118005800"></span>I'll wait to discuss with anyone who disagrees—it's better to move slow on these things rather than make the dispute messier over a larger number of pages. <span style="border-radius:2px;padding:3px;background:#1E816F"><a href="/wiki/User:Remsense" title="User:Remsense"><span style="color:#fff"><b>Remsense</b></span></a><span style="color:#fff"> ‥ </span><a href="/wiki/User_talk:Remsense" title="User talk:Remsense"><span lang="zh" style="color:#fff"><b>论</b></span></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Western_culture#c-Remsense-20241118010200-Alikakii-20241118005800" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">01:02, 18 November 2024 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Remsense-20241118010200-Alikakii-20241118005800"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Remsense-20241118010200-Alikakii-20241118005800"></span> <dl><dd><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Alikakii-20241118011600-Remsense-20241118010200"></span>I told you wrong page before. Here is the western culture. I meant to go to the western world page too there are the same maps and 3 people there also disagree with the maps! Well i want to explain to you that this map is a personal opinion so how this map can be valid? These information sites shouldnt be neutral?? These articles should be based on facts and the history books. <a href="/w/index.php?title=User:Alikakii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="User:Alikakii (page does not exist)">Alikakii</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Alikakii" title="User talk:Alikakii">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Western_culture#c-Alikakii-20241118011600-Remsense-20241118010200" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">01:16, 18 November 2024 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Alikakii-20241118011600-Remsense-20241118010200"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Alikakii-20241118011600-Remsense-20241118010200"></span> <dl><dd><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Remsense-20241118013000-Alikakii-20241118011600"></span>Reread what I said. I'm giving others a chance to object to it being removed here before I do the same across other pages, lest it all gets re-added at once. I'd rather not deal with that. We work via consensus here, and don't push through our program above the objections of others, even if we're totally right. If it's worth changing, it's worth changing carefully. <span style="border-radius:2px;padding:3px;background:#1E816F"><a href="/wiki/User:Remsense" title="User:Remsense"><span style="color:#fff"><b>Remsense</b></span></a><span style="color:#fff"> ‥ </span><a href="/wiki/User_talk:Remsense" title="User talk:Remsense"><span lang="zh" style="color:#fff"><b>论</b></span></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Western_culture#c-Remsense-20241118013000-Alikakii-20241118011600" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">01:30, 18 November 2024 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Remsense-20241118013000-Alikakii-20241118011600"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Remsense-20241118013000-Alikakii-20241118011600"></span> <dl><dd><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Alikakii-20241118013300-Remsense-20241118013000"></span>But there are people who disagree for the maps too and in the western world page! <a href="/w/index.php?title=User:Alikakii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="User:Alikakii (page does not exist)">Alikakii</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Alikakii" title="User talk:Alikakii">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Western_culture#c-Alikakii-20241118013300-Remsense-20241118013000" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">01:33, 18 November 2024 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Alikakii-20241118013300-Remsense-20241118013000"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Alikakii-20241118013300-Remsense-20241118013000"></span> <dl><dd><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Remsense-20241118013300-Alikakii-20241118013300"></span>Alas. <span style="border-radius:2px;padding:3px;background:#1E816F"><a href="/wiki/User:Remsense" title="User:Remsense"><span style="color:#fff"><b>Remsense</b></span></a><span style="color:#fff"> ‥ </span><a href="/wiki/User_talk:Remsense" title="User talk:Remsense"><span lang="zh" style="color:#fff"><b>论</b></span></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Western_culture#c-Remsense-20241118013300-Alikakii-20241118013300" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">01:33, 18 November 2024 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Remsense-20241118013300-Alikakii-20241118013300"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Remsense-20241118013300-Alikakii-20241118013300"></span></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd> <dd><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Alikakii-20241118013100-Remsense-20241118010200"></span>Also you do understand that when you write in the article that the birthplace of western civilization, western culture and the west generally is Greece and then put the opposite maps its funny really. <a href="/w/index.php?title=User:Alikakii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="User:Alikakii (page does not exist)">Alikakii</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Alikakii" title="User talk:Alikakii">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Western_culture#c-Alikakii-20241118013100-Remsense-20241118010200" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">01:31, 18 November 2024 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Alikakii-20241118013100-Remsense-20241118010200"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Alikakii-20241118013100-Remsense-20241118010200"></span> <dl><dd><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Remsense-20241118013200-Alikakii-20241118013100"></span>Again, stop saying "you" as if I wrote it. I didn't. I'm not responsible for every article as it is, but I do want to make important articles better, that's why I'm engaging here, so please relax. <span style="border-radius:2px;padding:3px;background:#1E816F"><a href="/wiki/User:Remsense" title="User:Remsense"><span style="color:#fff"><b>Remsense</b></span></a><span style="color:#fff"> ‥ </span><a href="/wiki/User_talk:Remsense" title="User talk:Remsense"><span lang="zh" style="color:#fff"><b>论</b></span></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Western_culture#c-Remsense-20241118013200-Alikakii-20241118013100" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">01:32, 18 November 2024 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Remsense-20241118013200-Alikakii-20241118013100"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Remsense-20241118013200-Alikakii-20241118013100"></span> <dl><dd><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Alikakii-20241118013500-Remsense-20241118013200"></span>No im not saying about you im talking for all the editors generally! <a href="/w/index.php?title=User:Alikakii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="User:Alikakii (page does not exist)">Alikakii</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Alikakii" title="User talk:Alikakii">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Western_culture#c-Alikakii-20241118013500-Remsense-20241118013200" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">01:35, 18 November 2024 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Alikakii-20241118013500-Remsense-20241118013200"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Alikakii-20241118013500-Remsense-20241118013200"></span></dd> <dd><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Alikakii-20241118014300-Remsense-20241118013200"></span>Well sorry fo being a little mad. At least you are helping. The other editors didnt even care about it! <a href="/w/index.php?title=User:Alikakii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="User:Alikakii (page does not exist)">Alikakii</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Alikakii" title="User talk:Alikakii">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Western_culture#c-Alikakii-20241118014300-Remsense-20241118013200" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">01:43, 18 November 2024 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Alikakii-20241118014300-Remsense-20241118013200"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Alikakii-20241118014300-Remsense-20241118013200"></span></dd> <dd><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Alikakii-20241118014500-Remsense-20241118013200"></span>But again you have to check and the western world page too. <a href="/w/index.php?title=User:Alikakii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="User:Alikakii (page does not exist)">Alikakii</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Alikakii" title="User talk:Alikakii">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Western_culture#c-Alikakii-20241118014500-Remsense-20241118013200" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">01:45, 18 November 2024 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Alikakii-20241118014500-Remsense-20241118013200"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Alikakii-20241118014500-Remsense-20241118013200"></span></dd> <dd><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Alikakii-20241118015500-Remsense-20241118013200"></span>Because whats the difference between the western world and the western culture its the same thing! Why to delete these maps here and not delete exactly the same maps in the western world page? Its not logical! I cant understand the way you think all the editors on wikipedia. Its exactly the same thing and the same maps! Just check the talk page there. <a href="/w/index.php?title=User:Alikakii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="User:Alikakii (page does not exist)">Alikakii</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Alikakii" title="User talk:Alikakii">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Western_culture#c-Alikakii-20241118015500-Remsense-20241118013200" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">01:55, 18 November 2024 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Alikakii-20241118015500-Remsense-20241118013200"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Alikakii-20241118015500-Remsense-20241118013200"></span></dd> <dd></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl>    </div><noscript><img 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