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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Guardianship_for_incapacitated_elderly" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Guardianship_for_incapacitated_elderly"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Guardianship for incapacitated elderly</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Guardianship_for_incapacitated_elderly-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Guardianship for incapacitated elderly subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Guardianship_for_incapacitated_elderly-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Abuses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Abuses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Abuses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Abuses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Guardianship_for_minors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Guardianship_for_minors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Guardianship for minors</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Guardianship_for_minors-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Guardianship for minors subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Guardianship_for_minors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Natural_guardian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Natural_guardian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Natural guardian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Natural_guardian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legal_guardian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legal_guardian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Legal guardian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legal_guardian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Guardianship_for_disabled_adults" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Guardianship_for_disabled_adults"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Guardianship for disabled adults</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Guardianship_for_disabled_adults-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rules_applicable_to_all_guardians" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rules_applicable_to_all_guardians"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Rules applicable to all guardians</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rules_applicable_to_all_guardians-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Guardian_ad_litem" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Guardian_ad_litem"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Guardian <i>ad litem</i></span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Guardian_ad_litem-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Guardian <i>ad litem</i> subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Guardian_ad_litem-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Family_law_and_dependency_courts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Family_law_and_dependency_courts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Family law and dependency courts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Family_law_and_dependency_courts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mental_health_and_probate_courts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mental_health_and_probate_courts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Mental health and probate courts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mental_health_and_probate_courts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Estates_and_financial_decision_making" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Estates_and_financial_decision_making"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Estates and financial decision making</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Estates_and_financial_decision_making-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Settlement_guardians_ad_litem" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Settlement_guardians_ad_litem"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Settlement guardians <i>ad litem</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Settlement_guardians_ad_litem-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alternatives_to_guardianship" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alternatives_to_guardianship"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Alternatives to guardianship</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alternatives_to_guardianship-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Guardianship_by_country" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Guardianship_by_country"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Guardianship by country</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Guardianship_by_country-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Guardianship by country subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Guardianship_by_country-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Republic_of_Korea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Republic_of_Korea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Republic of Korea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Republic_of_Korea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Types_of_Guardians_under_Korean_Guardianship_Law" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Types_of_Guardians_under_Korean_Guardianship_Law"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1.1</span> <span>Types of Guardians under Korean Guardianship Law</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Types_of_Guardians_under_Korean_Guardianship_Law-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_process_of_appointing_a_guardian_through_Korean_courts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_process_of_appointing_a_guardian_through_Korean_courts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1.2</span> <span>The process of appointing a guardian through Korean courts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_process_of_appointing_a_guardian_through_Korean_courts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-England_and_Wales" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#England_and_Wales"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>England and Wales</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-England_and_Wales-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Prisoners" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prisoners"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2.1</span> <span>Prisoners</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prisoners-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Children" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Children"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2.2</span> <span>Children</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Children-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mental_patients" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mental_patients"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2.3</span> <span>Mental patients</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mental_patients-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Germany" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Germany"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Germany</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Germany-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Israel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Israel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.4</span> <span>Israel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Israel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Republic_of_Ireland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Republic_of_Ireland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.5</span> <span>Republic of Ireland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Republic_of_Ireland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Saudi_Arabia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Saudi_Arabia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.6</span> <span>Saudi Arabia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Saudi_Arabia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sweden" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sweden"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.7</span> <span>Sweden</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sweden-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Legal guardian</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 33 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-33" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">33 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%B1" title="ولي الأمر – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ولي الأمر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%A1konn%C3%BD_z%C3%A1stupce" title="Zákonný zástupce – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Zákonný zástupce" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurator" title="Kurator – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kurator" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sachwalter" title="Sachwalter – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Sachwalter" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eestkoste" title="Eestkoste – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Eestkoste" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B7%CE%B4%CE%B5%CE%BC%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Κηδεμόνας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κηδεμόνας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curador_(derecho)" title="Curador (derecho) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Curador (derecho)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuratoro" title="Kuratoro – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kuratoro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C_(%D8%AD%D9%82%D9%88%D9%82)" title="ولی (حقوق) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ولی (حقوق)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%9B%84%EA%B2%AC" title="후견 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="후견" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BD%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Խնամակալություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Խնամակալություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fyrirsvarsma%C3%B0ur" title="Fyrirsvarsmaður – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Fyrirsvarsmaður" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tutore_(diritto)" title="Tutore (diritto) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tutore (diritto)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%AA" title="אפוטרופסות – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אפוטרופסות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qey%C3%BBm" title="Qeyûm – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Qeyûm" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Опека – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Опека" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glob%C4%97jas" title="Globėjas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Globėjas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curator_(juridisch)" title="Curator (juridisch) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Curator (juridisch)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BE%8C%E8%A6%8B" title="後見 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="後見" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurator_(prawo)" title="Kurator (prawo) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kurator (prawo)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respons%C3%A1vel_legal" title="Responsável legal – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Responsável legal" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curator" title="Curator – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Curator" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Опекун – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Опекун" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legal_guardian" title="Legal guardian – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Legal guardian" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurator" title="Kurator – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kurator" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%99" title="Старатељ – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Старатељ" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edunvalvoja" title="Edunvalvoja – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Edunvalvoja" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B6rmyndare" title="Förmyndare – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Person with the legal authority to handle the care affairs of another person</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the British daily newspaper, see <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">the Guardian</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248332772">.mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text{width:95%;margin:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text>.mw-collapsible-content{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox{border:none;border-collapse:collapse;background-color:transparent;margin:0 0 0 1.6em!important;padding:0!important;width:auto;display:block}body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox.mbox-small-left{font-size:100%;width:auto;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-text{padding:0!important;margin:0!important}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-text-span{display:list-item;line-height:1.5em;list-style-type:disc}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text>.mw-collapsible-toggle,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-image,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-imageright,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-empty-cell,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .hide-when-compact{display:none}</style><table class="box-Multiple_issues plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-multiple_issues compact-ambox" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><div class="multiple-issues-text mw-collapsible"><b>This article has multiple issues.</b> Please help <b><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Legal_guardian" title="Special:EditPage/Legal guardian">improve it</a></b> or discuss these issues on the <b><a href="/wiki/Talk:Legal_guardian" title="Talk:Legal guardian">talk page</a></b>. <small><i>(<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove these messages</a>)</i></small> <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Globalize plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-globalize" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Globe icon." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/48px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/73px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/97px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">The examples and perspective in this article <b>may not represent a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Countering_systemic_bias" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Countering systemic bias">worldwide view</a> of the subject</b>. The specific issue is: <b>this article seems to be a mixture of US-specific information throughout (not just in the US section) and global information, in addition to country sections. US-specific text should be in the US section.</b><span class="hide-when-compact"> You may <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Legal_guardian&action=edit">improve this article</a>, discuss the issue on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Legal_guardian" title="Talk:Legal guardian">talk page</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_wizard" title="Wikipedia:Article wizard">create a new article</a>, as appropriate.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2017</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Lead_too_short plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-lead_too_short" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td 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.mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Family_law" title="Family law">Family law</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Family" title="Family">Family</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#aaddff; color:#000;;color: var(--color-base)">Marriage and other unions and status</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Types_of_marriages" title="Types of marriages">Types of marriages</a></li> <li><a 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mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Divorce" title="Divorce">Divorce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adultery" title="Adultery">Adultery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grounds_for_divorce" title="Grounds for divorce">Grounds for divorce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No-fault_divorce" title="No-fault divorce">No-fault divorce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matrimonial_Causes_Act" title="Matrimonial Causes Act">Matrimonial Causes Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_separation" title="Legal separation">Legal separation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alimony" title="Alimony">Alimony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parenting_plan" title="Parenting plan">Parenting plan</a></li> <li>Residence [UK (EW and NI)]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Custody_evaluation" title="Custody evaluation">Custody evaluator (US)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parenting_coordinator" title="Parenting coordinator">Parenting coordinator (US)</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#aaddff; color:#000;;color: var(--color-base)">Children's issues</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paternity_law" title="Paternity law">Paternity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DNA_paternity_testing" title="DNA paternity testing">DNA paternity testing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legitimacy_(family_law)" title="Legitimacy (family law)">Legitimacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_custody" title="Child custody">Child custody</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Legal guardian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adoption" title="Adoption">Adoption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tender_years_doctrine" title="Tender years doctrine">Tender years doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filial_responsibility_laws" title="Filial responsibility laws">Filial responsibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contact_(law)" title="Contact (law)">Contact & visitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children_and_Family_Court_Advisory_and_Support_Service" title="Children and Family Court Advisory and Support Service">CAFCASS [UK (EW)]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grandparent_visitation" title="Grandparent visitation">Grandparent visitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_on_the_Rights_of_the_Child" title="Convention on the Rights of the Child">UN Rights of the Child</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_rights" title="Children's rights">Children's rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emancipation_of_minors" title="Emancipation of minors">Emancipation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foster_care" title="Foster care">Foster care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ward_(law)" title="Ward (law)">Ward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_support" title="Child support">Child support</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_abortion" title="Paper abortion">Paper abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_child_abuse_cases_featuring_long-term_detention" class="mw-redirect" title="List of child abuse cases featuring long-term detention">List of child abuse cases featuring long-term detention</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#aaddff; color:#000;;color: var(--color-base)">Private international law</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conflict_of_laws" title="Conflict of laws">Private international law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conflict_of_divorce_laws" title="Conflict of divorce laws">Divorce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conflict_of_marriage_laws" title="Conflict of marriage laws">Marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hague_Adoption_Convention" title="Hague Adoption Convention">Hague Convention (adoption)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_child_abduction" title="International child abduction">International child abduction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hague_Convention_on_the_Civil_Aspects_of_International_Child_Abduction" title="Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction">Hague Convention (child abduction)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hague_Convention_on_the_International_Recovery_of_Child_Support_and_Other_Forms_of_Family_Maintenance" title="Hague Convention on the International Recovery of Child Support and Other Forms of Family Maintenance">Hague Convention (maintenance)</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#aaddff; color:#000;;color: var(--color-base)">Family and criminal code <br /> (or criminal law)</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bigamy" title="Bigamy">Bigamy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_abuse" title="Child abuse">Child abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_Protective_Services" class="mw-redirect" title="Child Protective Services">CPS (US)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_selling" title="Child selling">Child selling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domestic_violence" title="Domestic violence">Domestic violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incest" title="Incest">Incest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legality_of_incest" title="Legality of incest">Legality of incest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parental_child_abduction" title="Parental child abduction">Parental child abduction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parental_responsibility_(access_and_custody)" title="Parental responsibility (access and custody)">Parental duties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parents%27_rights_movement" title="Parents' rights movement">Parents' rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paternity_fraud" title="Paternity fraud">Paternity fraud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paternal_rights_and_abortion" title="Paternal rights and abortion">Paternal rights and abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_family_life" title="Right to family life">Right to family life</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Family_law" title="Template:Family law"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Family_law" title="Template talk:Family law"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Family_law" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Family law"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A <b>legal guardian</b> is a person who has been appointed by a court or otherwise has the legal authority (and the corresponding <a href="/wiki/Duty" title="Duty">duty</a>) to make decisions relevant to the personal and <a href="/wiki/Property" title="Property">property</a> interests of another person who is deemed <a href="/wiki/Competence_(law)" title="Competence (law)">incompetent</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-B.-2017_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-B.-2017-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> called a <a href="/wiki/Ward_(law)" title="Ward (law)">ward</a>. For example, a legal guardian might be granted the authority to make decisions regarding a ward's housing or medical care or manage the ward's finances.<sup id="cite_ref-Millar-2013_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Millar-2013-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Guardianship is most appropriate when an alleged ward is functionally incapacitated, meaning they have a lagging skill critical to performing certain tasks, such as making important life decisions.<sup id="cite_ref-McSwiggan-2016_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McSwiggan-2016-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Guardianship intends to serve as a safeguard to protect the ward.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Anyone can petition for a guardianship hearing if they believe another individual cannot make rational decisions on their own behalf.<sup id="cite_ref-B.-2017_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-B.-2017-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a guardianship hearing, a judge ultimately decides whether guardianship is appropriate and, if so, will appoint a guardian.<sup id="cite_ref-Millar-2013_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Millar-2013-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Guardians are typically used in four situations: guardianship for an incapacitated elderly person (due to old age or infirmity), guardianship for a minor, and guardianship for developmentally disabled adults and for adults found to be incompetent. A family member is most commonly appointed guardian,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="need support for the statistic that family guardians are more common than court-appointed guardians (October 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> though a professional guardian or <a href="/wiki/Public_trustee" title="Public trustee">public trustee</a> may be appointed if a suitable family member is not available. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Guardianship_for_incapacitated_elderly">Guardianship for incapacitated elderly</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legal_guardian&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Guardianship for incapacitated elderly"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Guardianship for an incapacitated elderly person typically arises when someone determines that an elderly person has become unable to care for their own person and/or property. In fact, most alleged wards are elderly (<i>M</i>s = 76–82 years), many of whom resided in a care facility and had been diagnosed with a neurological impairment such as dementia.<sup id="cite_ref-McSwiggan-2016_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McSwiggan-2016-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Typically, a precipitating incident prompts a professional, family member, health care worker, or clergyman to initiate guardianship proceedings. While guardianship intends to protect and support incapacitated elderly people unable to care themselves or engage in the activities of daily living without assistance, guardianship sometimes results in financial exploitation of wards. </p><p>The process will generally start with a determination whether the alleged incapacitated person is actually incapacitated. There will often be an evidentiary hearing. A systematic review <sup id="cite_ref-McSwiggan-2016_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McSwiggan-2016-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of guardianship studies from the United States, Sweden, and Australia found that the most commonly used evidence in guardianship hearings was the alleged ward's medical condition; perhaps surprisingly, descriptions of the alleged ward's cognitive abilities, functional abilities and psychiatric symptoms are much less common. </p><p>If the court determines an individual is incapacitated, the court then determines whether a guardian is necessary, the extent of the guardian's legal authority, (e.g. a guardian may be needed for the person's finances but not for the person) and, if so, who the guardian should be.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The determination of whether a guardianship is necessary may consider a number of factors, including whether there is a lesser restrictive alternative, such as the use of an already existing <a href="/wiki/Power_of_attorney" title="Power of attorney">power of attorney</a> and <a href="/wiki/Health_care_proxy" class="mw-redirect" title="Health care proxy">health care proxy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In some cases, a guardianship dispute can become quite contentious and can result in litigation between a parent and adult children or between different siblings against each other in what is essentially a pre-probate dispute over a parent's wealth. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Abuses">Abuses</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legal_guardian&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Abuses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A report published in 2010 by the U.S. Government Accountability Office looked at 20 selected closed cases in which guardians stole or otherwise improperly obtained assets from clients. In 6 of these 20 cases, the courts failed to adequately screen guardians ahead of time and appointed individuals with criminal convictions or significant financial problems, and in 12 of 20 cases, the courts failed to oversee guardians once they had been appointed.<sup id="cite_ref-Guardianships:_Cases_of_Financial_Exploitation,_Neglect,_and_Abuse_of_Seniors,_Highlights,_U.S._GAO,_2010_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guardianships:_Cases_of_Financial_Exploitation,_Neglect,_and_Abuse_of_Seniors,_Highlights,_U.S._GAO,_2010-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Reuters_column,_October_20,_2017_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reuters_column,_October_20,_2017-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 2017, <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a></i> published an article looking at the situation in <a href="/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada">Nevada</a> in which professional guardians sometimes have a number of clients, and argued toward the conclusion that in a number of cases the courts did not properly oversee these arrangements.<sup id="cite_ref-The_New_Yorker,_How_the_Elderly_Lose_Their_Rights,_October_9,_2017_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_New_Yorker,_How_the_Elderly_Lose_Their_Rights,_October_9,_2017-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2018, the investigative <a href="/wiki/Documentary_film" title="Documentary film">documentary</a> "The Guardians" was published, alleging "legal kidnapping of elderly people" in Nevada by private guardianship businesses with no familial or other preexisting relations to their wards, seeking to economically profit from seniors' savings.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Guardianship_for_minors">Guardianship for minors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legal_guardian&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Guardianship for minors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Child_custody" title="Child custody">Child custody</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ward_(law)" title="Ward (law)">Ward (law)</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Natural_guardian">Natural guardian</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legal_guardian&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Natural guardian"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Minor_(law)" title="Minor (law)">minor</a> child's <a href="/wiki/Parent" title="Parent">parents</a> are the child's natural guardians.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legal_guardian">Legal guardian</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legal_guardian&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Legal guardian"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most jurisdictions recognise that the parents of a child are the natural guardians of the child, and that the parents may designate who shall become the child's legal guardian in the event of death, typically subject to the approval of the court. The court may appoint a guardian for a minor if their parents are disabled or deceased or if the minor's parents cannot properly manage their child's safety and well-being.<sup id="cite_ref-Wex_Definitions_Team-2022_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wex_Definitions_Team-2022-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If a non-parent is appointed as guardian, the court will determine how the parents' parental rights are impacted by the appointment (e.g., establishing visitation schedules).<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Guardianship_for_disabled_adults">Guardianship for disabled adults</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legal_guardian&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Guardianship for disabled adults"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Legal guardians may be appointed in guardianship cases for <a href="/wiki/Adult" title="Adult">adults</a> (see also <a href="/wiki/Conservatorship" title="Conservatorship">conservatorship</a>). For example, because parents are not automatically appointed to serve as the guardian of their mentally or physical disabled child who reaches adulthood,<sup id="cite_ref-Millar-2013_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Millar-2013-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> parents may start a guardianship action to become the legal guardians when the child reaches the <a href="/wiki/Age_of_majority" title="Age of majority">age of majority</a>. </p><p>A famous example of such an arrangement is the situation involving <a href="/wiki/Britney_Spears" title="Britney Spears">Britney Spears</a>, who was placed into <a href="/wiki/Britney_Spears_conservatorship_dispute" class="mw-redirect" title="Britney Spears conservatorship dispute">a conservatorship</a> under the supervision of her father, <a href="/wiki/Jamie_Spears" title="Jamie Spears">Jamie Spears</a>, and attorney Andrew Wallet in 2008, following a series of highly publicized personal struggles and issues with mental health. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rules_applicable_to_all_guardians">Rules applicable to all guardians</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legal_guardian&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Rules applicable to all guardians"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Court" title="Court">Courts</a> generally have the power to appoint a guardian for an individual in need of special protection. A guardian with responsibility for both the personal well-being and the financial interests of the ward is a <i>general guardian</i>. A person may also be appointed as a <i>special guardian</i>, having limited powers over the interests of the ward. A special guardian may, for example, be given the legal right to determine the disposition of the ward's property without being given any authority over the ward's person. </p><p>Depending on the jurisdiction, a legal guardian may be called a "<a href="/wiki/Conservator_(law)" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservator (law)">conservator</a>", "tutor", "custodian", or curator. Many jurisdictions and the <a href="/wiki/Uniform_Probate_Code" title="Uniform Probate Code">Uniform Probate Code</a> distinguish between a "guardian" or "guardian of the person" who is an individual with authority over and fiduciary responsibilities for the physical person of the ward, and a "conservator" or "guardian of the property" of a ward who has authority over and fiduciary responsibilities for significant property (often an inheritance or personal injury settlement) belonging to the ward. Some jurisdictions provide for public guardianship programs serving incapacitated adults or children.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A guardian is a <a href="/wiki/Fiduciary" title="Fiduciary">fiduciary</a> and is held to a very high standard of care in exercising their powers. If the ward owns substantial property, then the guardian may be required to give a <a href="/wiki/Surety_bond" class="mw-redirect" title="Surety bond">surety bond</a> to protect the ward in case dishonesty or incompetence on their part causes financial loss to the ward. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Guardian_ad_litem">Guardian <i>ad litem</i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legal_guardian&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Guardian ad litem"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Latin legal term <i>ad litem</i> means "for the lawsuit" or "for the legal proceeding". A guardian <i>ad litem</i> is thus someone appointed to represent in court the interests of a person too vulnerable to represent themselves, typically due to youth or mental incapacity. </p><p>Guardianship is not federally regulated in the United States; therefore, states vary widely in how they address and manage guardianship cases.<sup id="cite_ref-www.justice.gov-2018_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-www.justice.gov-2018-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Wex_Definitions_Team-2022_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wex_Definitions_Team-2022-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Family_law_and_dependency_courts">Family law and dependency courts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legal_guardian&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Family law and dependency courts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Guardians <i><a href="/wiki/Ad_litem" title="Ad litem">ad litem</a></i> (GsAL) are persons appointed by the court to represent "the best interests of the child" in court proceedings. They are not the same as "legal guardians" and are often appointed in under-age-children cases, many times to represent the interests of the <a href="/wiki/Minor_(law)" title="Minor (law)">minor children</a>. Guardians <i>ad litem</i> may be called, in some U.S. states, <a href="/wiki/Court_Appointed_Special_Advocates" title="Court Appointed Special Advocates">Court Appointed Special Advocates</a> (CASA). In New York State, they are known as attorneys-for-the-child (AFCs). They are the voice of the child and may represent the child in court, with many judges adhering to any recommendation given by a GAL. GALs may assist where a child is removed from a hostile environment and custody given to the relevant state or county family services agency, and in those cases assists in the protection of the minor child. </p><p>Qualifications vary by state, ranging from no experience or qualification, volunteers to <a href="/wiki/Social_worker" class="mw-redirect" title="Social worker">social workers</a> to attorneys to others. The GAL's only job is to represent the minor children's best interest and advise the court. A guardian <i>ad litem</i> is an officer of the court, does not represent the parties in the suit, and often enjoys quasi-judicial immunity from any action from the parties involved in a particular case. Qualifications for becoming recognized as a GAL could differ in some states.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In, for instance, North Carolina, an applicant (volunteer) must go through a background check and complete 30 hours of training.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Minnesota, the minimum qualifications to become a GAL are Bachelor's degree in psychology, social work, education, nursing, criminal justice, law or child-related discipline and some experience working with families and children <b>or</b> an equivalent combination of education and relevant experience. In addition, experience as a Guardian ad Litem with completion of the Guardian ad Litem pre-service orientation requirements is requested.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although a guardian <i>ad litem</i> working through a CASA program volunteers their services, some guardians <i>ad litem</i> are paid for their services. They must submit detailed time and expense reports to the court for approval. Their fees are taxed as costs in the case. Courts may order all parties to share in the cost, or the court may order a particular party to pay the fees. Volunteer guardians <i>ad litem</i> and those that volunteer though a CASA program need to make sure that they do not engage in the unauthorized practice of law. Therefore, when they appear in court (even if they are an attorney) as a volunteer GAL, it is best practice to be represented by an attorney and have attorneys file motions on their behalf. </p><p>Guardians <i>ad litem</i> are also appointed in cases where there has been an allegation of <a href="/wiki/Child_abuse" title="Child abuse">child abuse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Child_neglect" title="Child neglect">child neglect</a>, <a href="/wiki/Person_In_Need_of_Supervision" class="mw-redirect" title="Person In Need of Supervision">PINS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Juvenile_delinquency" title="Juvenile delinquency">juvenile delinquency</a>, or dependency. In these situations, the guardian <i>ad litem</i> is charged to represent the best interests of the minor child, which can differ from the position of the state or government agency as well as the interest of the parent or guardian. These guardians <i>ad litem</i> vary by <a href="/wiki/Jurisdiction" title="Jurisdiction">jurisdiction</a> and can be volunteer <a href="/wiki/Advocate" title="Advocate">advocates</a> or attorneys. For example, in North Carolina, trained GAL volunteers are paired with attorney advocates to advocate for the best interest of abused and neglected children. The program defines a child's best interest as a safe, permanent home.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mental_health_and_probate_courts">Mental health and probate courts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legal_guardian&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Mental health and probate courts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Guardians <i>ad litem</i> can be appointed by the court to represent the interests of mentally ill or disabled persons. For example, the <a href="/wiki/Code_of_Virginia" title="Code of Virginia">Code of Virginia</a> requires that the court appoint a "discreet and competent attorney-at-law" or "some other discreet and proper person" to serve as guardian <i>ad litem</i> to protect the interests of a person under a disability.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Estates_and_financial_decision_making">Estates and financial decision making</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legal_guardian&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Estates and financial decision making"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Guardians <i>ad litem</i> are sometimes appointed in probate matters to represent the interests of unknown or unlocated heirs to an estate. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Settlement_guardians_ad_litem">Settlement guardians <i>ad litem</i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legal_guardian&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Settlement guardians ad litem"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When a settlement is reached in personal injury or medical malpractice cases involving claims brought on behalf of a minor or an incapacitated plaintiff, courts normally appoint a guardian <i>ad litem</i> to review the terms of the settlement, and to ensure it is fair and in the best interests of the claimant. The settlement guardian <i>ad litem</i> thoroughly investigates the case, to determine whether the settlement amount is fair and reasonable.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Alternatives_to_guardianship">Alternatives to guardianship</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legal_guardian&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Alternatives to guardianship"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Because guardianship limits a ward's autonomy and ability to make certain life decisions, guardianship has the potential to damage a ward's health and well-being.<sup id="cite_ref-B.-2017_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-B.-2017-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Millar-2013_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Millar-2013-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result, individuals considering guardianship to support a loved one with functional incapacities might consider whether there are less restrictive alternatives that can achieve the same objectives.<sup id="cite_ref-B.-2017_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-B.-2017-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Moye-2011_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moye-2011-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-www.justice.gov-2018_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-www.justice.gov-2018-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Millar-2013_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Millar-2013-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Three examples of alternatives include establishing advance directives,<sup id="cite_ref-www.justice.gov-2018_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-www.justice.gov-2018-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-B.-2017_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-B.-2017-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Millar-2013_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Millar-2013-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> relying on supported decision-making,<sup id="cite_ref-www.justice.gov-2018_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-www.justice.gov-2018-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or taking advantage of community-related services that support individuals with functional limitations.<sup id="cite_ref-Millar-2013_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Millar-2013-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Advance_directives" class="mw-redirect" title="Advance directives">Advance directives</a> allow a competent individual to provide their input as to what actions should be taken should they become incompetent.<sup id="cite_ref-B.-2017_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-B.-2017-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, in a healthcare setting, an advance directive would allow a patient to voice what treatment options they prefer and who they would like to make decisions on their behalf should they become incompetent.<sup id="cite_ref-B.-2017_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-B.-2017-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The establishment of advance directives is a common practice among seniors in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Further, some individuals with limited functional capacities might maintain their autonomy by relying on family or friends who can help that individual informally or formally navigate important life decisions without formal guardianship,<sup id="cite_ref-Millar-2013_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Millar-2013-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> called "supported decision-making".<sup id="cite_ref-Kohn-2013_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kohn-2013-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-www.justice.gov-2018_15-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-www.justice.gov-2018-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, these support individuals can provide suggestions on where their loved one should live or recommend certain treatment options in medical settings.<sup id="cite_ref-Millar-2013_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Millar-2013-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This support system can also help the individual modify their environment to promote their success. For example, if a family member is concerned that their loved one with reduced functional capacity might engage in an unsafe behavior (e.g., leaving the gas stove on), this family member can reduce the opportunity for this behavior (e.g., removing the gas stove) without court involvement.<sup id="cite_ref-Millar-2013_2-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Millar-2013-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This technique allows individuals to support and empower loved ones who are cognitively impaired.<sup id="cite_ref-Kohn-2013_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kohn-2013-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Finally, employing community services that will alleviate stressors of daily living may allow an alleged ward to maintain their autonomy.<sup id="cite_ref-Millar-2013_2-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Millar-2013-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, certain volunteer organizations provide services such as telephone check-ins and home visits, and many medical or mental health professionals offer in-home services.<sup id="cite_ref-Millar-2013_2-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Millar-2013-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In summary, while guardianship sometimes offers the best solution to supporting an individual who demonstrates functional incapacity, one might consider exploring alternative solutions before seeking legal guardianship.<sup id="cite_ref-Moye-2011_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moye-2011-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Millar-2013_2-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Millar-2013-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Guardianship_by_country">Guardianship by country</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legal_guardian&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Guardianship by country"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Republic_of_Korea">Republic of Korea</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legal_guardian&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Republic of Korea"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Types_of_Guardians_under_Korean_Guardianship_Law">Types of Guardians under Korean Guardianship Law</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legal_guardian&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Types of Guardians under Korean Guardianship Law"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>Adult guardian</b> (성년후견인): If an adult chronically lacks the mental competence to manage their own matters due to illness, disability, old age, or other conditions, a Korean court may appoint an adult guardian. This type of guardianship in Korea gives near total power over the ward to the Adult Guardian.</li> <li><b>Limited guardian</b> (한정후견인): A person may also be designated as a "special guardian", entrusted with restricted authority over the ward's interests. For example, a special guardian may be granted the legal authority in Korea to decide how to handle the ward's assets without being granted any control over the ward's person.</li> <li><b>Specified guardian</b> (특정후견인): A specified guardian is a person appointed to represent a person's interests in relation to a particular court proceeding or process.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_process_of_appointing_a_guardian_through_Korean_courts">The process of appointing a guardian through Korean courts</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legal_guardian&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: The process of appointing a guardian through Korean courts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Korean Family Courts, typically, has the authority to appoint a guardian in Korea. A general adult guardian is one who is in charge of both the ward's financial interests and personal welfare. The Korean family court, or one of its branches, has authority over the ward's address and will hear the guardianship case. When the Family Court is not present in the ward's address, typically, a district court or a branch court has jurisdiction over the matter. </p><p>Typically, after an evaluation of the ward's health by a doctor, the court proceedings begin. The court will often question the ward and hear his/her testimony regarding the guardianship. So that the ward can make the most use of his or her remaining capacity and choose a suitable guardian. The court has the power to decide the beginning of guardianship, the choice of a guardian, change of guardian, cessation of guardianship, the extent of the legal representative's authority, etc.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="England_and_Wales">England and Wales</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legal_guardian&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: England and Wales"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Guardians <i>ad litem</i> are employed by <a href="/wiki/Children_and_Family_Court_Advisory_and_Support_Service" title="Children and Family Court Advisory and Support Service"> Children and Family Court Advisory and Support Service (CAFCASS)</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Non-departmental_public_body" title="Non-departmental public body">non-departmental public body</a>, to represent the interests of children in cases where the child's wishes differ from those of either parent, known as a Section 16.4 case. The posts are filled by senior social workers with experience in family law proceedings. </p><p>In 2006, a legal status of "special guardianship" was introduced (using powers delegated by the <a href="/wiki/Adoption_and_Children_Act_2002" title="Adoption and Children Act 2002">Adoption and Children Act 2002</a>) to allow for a child to be cared for by a person with rights similar to a traditional legal guardian, but without absolute legal separation from the child's birth parents.<sup id="cite_ref-StandleyDavies2013_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StandleyDavies2013-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These are not to be confused with court-appointed special guardians in other jurisdictions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Prisoners">Prisoners</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legal_guardian&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Prisoners"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>See <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/Geo6and1Eliz2/15-16/52/section/13">section 13</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Prison_Act_1952" title="Prison Act 1952">Prison Act 1952</a>. </p><p>In section 4 of the <a href="/wiki/Official_Secrets_Act_1989" title="Official Secrets Act 1989">Official Secrets Act 1989</a>, the expression "legal custody" includes detention in pursuance of any enactment or any instrument made under an enactment.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Children">Children</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legal_guardian&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Children"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Child_custody" title="Child custody">Child custody</a></div> <p>See <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1975/72/section/86">section 86</a> of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Children_Act_1975&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Children Act 1975 (page does not exist)">Children Act 1975</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mental_patients">Mental patients</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legal_guardian&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Mental patients"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Any person required or authorized by or by virtue of the <a href="/wiki/Mental_Health_Act_1983" title="Mental Health Act 1983">Mental Health Act 1983</a> to be conveyed to any place or to be kept in custody or detained in a place of safety or at any place to which he is taken under section 42(6) of that Act is, while being so conveyed, detained or kept, as the case may be, deemed to be in legal custody. In England and Wales, only an <a href="/wiki/Approved_Mental_Health_Professional" class="mw-redirect" title="Approved Mental Health Professional">Approved Mental Health Professional</a> has the power to detain a person under the Act.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For this purpose "convey" includes any other expression denoting removal from one place to another.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Germany">Germany</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legal_guardian&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Germany"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The German guardianship law with regard to adults was completely changed in 1990. Guardianship (<i>Vormundschaft</i>) of an adult was renamed 'curatorship' (<i>Betreuung</i>), although it remains <i>Vormundschaft</i> for minors. When a person of full age who, as a result of <a href="/wiki/Mental_disorder" title="Mental disorder">mental disease</a> or physical, mental or psychological handicap or otherwise is incapable of managing his own affairs, a guardian (Betreuer) can be appointed (section 1,896, <a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCrgerliches_Gesetzbuch" title="Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch">German Civil Code</a>). An adult guardian is responsible for personal and estate matters, as well as for medical treatment. However, the ward has normally full capacity with all human rights such as those to marry, vote or make a will. The ward's legal capacity can be lost as a result of a court judgment or order (section 1903, German Civ. C.; <i>Einwilligungsvorbehalt</i>). Every guardian has to report annually to the guardianship court (<i>Betreuungsgericht</i>). Professional guardians (Berufsbetreuer) normally hold university degrees in law or social work. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Israel">Israel</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legal_guardian&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Israel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Israel, over 50,000 adults have had legal guardians appointed for them; 85% of them have family members as their guardians, and 15% have professional guardians. Until 2014, guardians (the term there is "<a href="/wiki/Apotropos" title="Apotropos">Apotropos</a>") were supervised by the Office of the <span class="anchor" id="Administrator_General"></span>Administrator General at the Ministry of Justice in matters of property only. However, changes in Israel and other countries along with public pressure, appeals to the courts by social organizations, academic studies and the State Comptroller's 2004 report led to the decision to broaden the scope of supervision to include personal matters as well, to ensure that the guardians take care of all areas of life, including medical care, personal care, suitable housing, work and employment, social and recreational activities, etc., taking account of the person's wishes and acting accordingly. The Office of the Administrator General (public guardian) at the Ministry of Justice is now implementing a system to supervise guardians in regard to personal matters in order to help identify situations in which guardians are not performing their duties adequately.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Republic_of_Ireland">Republic of Ireland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legal_guardian&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Republic of Ireland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The court-appointed guardian system in the Republic of Ireland was brought into law on the proposal of the noted gay activist and member of <a href="/wiki/Seanad_%C3%89ireann" title="Seanad Éireann">Seanad Éireann</a> (the Irish Senate), <a href="/wiki/David_Norris_(politician)" title="David Norris (politician)">David Norris</a>. The Children Acts Advisory Board which was set up to advise the ministers of the government on policy development under the Child Care Act 1991 was then abolished in September 2011. Judges are responsible for appointing child guardians and can choose guardians from Barnardo's a children's charitable service or from among the self-employed guardians, who are mostly former social workers who have gone into private business since the legislation.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Saudi_Arabia">Saudi Arabia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legal_guardian&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Saudi Arabia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_rights_in_Saudi_Arabia#Male_guardians" title="Women's rights in Saudi Arabia">Women's rights in Saudi Arabia § Male guardians</a></div> <p>Saudi Arabia has edited the law, and women in Saudi Arabia are no longer required to have a male guardian (<a href="/wiki/Wali_(Islamic_legal_guardian)" title="Wali (Islamic legal guardian)">Wali</a>) to give permission for various government and economic transactions, as well as some personal life and health decisions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sweden">Sweden</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legal_guardian&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Sweden"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Swedish</a> parental law (<i>the Parental Code</i>) regulates legal guardianship for both children and disabled adults. Legal guardianship for <a href="/wiki/Unaccompanied_minor" title="Unaccompanied minor">unaccompanied minors</a> is regulated by a law of its own. Except for normal parenthood, the guardianship is assigned by the <a href="/wiki/Tingsr%C3%A4tt" class="mw-redirect" title="Tingsrätt">district court</a> and supervised by the Chief Guardian, a municipal authority that is mandatory in every Swedish municipality. What is included in the field of guardianship is decided by the district court. The responsibility for <a href="/wiki/Health_care" title="Health care">health care</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nursing" title="Nursing">nursing</a> is never included in the guardianship for adults, but is always so for minors. The guardianship for adults can take two legal forms, "conservator" or "administrator". The main difference between these two is that an "administrator" has the sole permission to take legal actions within the field of the guardianship. A guardianship can have different legal forms for different parts of the guardianship. Such things as <a href="/wiki/European_Convention_on_Human_Rights" title="European Convention on Human Rights">basic human rights</a> is never denied the ward by this law, but some of them can be denied by other laws. A conservator is normally assigned with the approval of the ward. But if the physical conditions of the ward does not permit him to give such approval, a conservator can be assigned anyhow. Everything a conservator does for his ward have to be approved by him, or can be assumed to be approved by him. For more complex situations, like taking loans or selling of a house, he or she needs approval from the local authorities. Once a year a legally assigned guardian have to send his <a href="/wiki/Accounting" title="Accounting">accounting</a> to the Chief Guardian for review. </p><p>Since 2017, the ward can, while she still have her mental abilities, write a special <a href="/wiki/Letter_of_attorney" class="mw-redirect" title="Letter of attorney">future letter of attorney</a> (<i>Framtidsfullmakt</i>) which later can be used when she loses her abilities. How such a letter should be written is described in detail in the paternal law, and normally follows the principles of a <a href="/wiki/Will_and_testament" title="Will and testament">will</a>. This law was created since in Sweden, it is unclear if a normal letter of attorney is valid after the ward has lost her abilities.<sup id="cite_ref-Wallgren_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wallgren-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legal_guardian&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Balance,_by_David.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Balance%2C_by_David.svg/30px-Balance%2C_by_David.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Balance%2C_by_David.svg/46px-Balance%2C_by_David.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Balance%2C_by_David.svg/61px-Balance%2C_by_David.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="606" data-file-height="558" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Law" title="Portal:Law">Law portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservatorship" title="Conservatorship">Conservatorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Custodial_account" title="Custodial account">Custodial account</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foster_care" title="Foster care">Foster care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Receivership" title="Receivership">Receivership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wali_(Islamic_legal_guardian)" title="Wali (Islamic legal guardian)">Wali (Islamic legal guardian)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apotropos" title="Apotropos">Apotropos</a> - the term in <a href="/wiki/Jewish_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish law">Jewish law</a> and Israeli law</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legal_guardian&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-B.-2017-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-B.-2017_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-B.-2017_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-B.-2017_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-B.-2017_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-B.-2017_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-B.-2017_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-B.-2017_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFB.2017" class="citation book cs1">B., Melton, Gary (22 December 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/oclc/1026274671"><i>Psychological evaluations for the courts : a handbook for mental health professionals and lawyers</i></a>. Guilford Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4625-3266-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4625-3266-7"><bdi>978-1-4625-3266-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1026274671">1026274671</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Psychological+evaluations+for+the+courts+%3A+a+handbook+for+mental+health+professionals+and+lawyers&rft.pub=Guilford+Publications&rft.date=2017-12-22&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1026274671&rft.isbn=978-1-4625-3266-7&rft.aulast=B.&rft.aufirst=Melton%2C+Gary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fworldcat.org%2Foclc%2F1026274671&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALegal+guardian" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Millar-2013-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Millar-2013_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Millar-2013_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Millar-2013_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Millar-2013_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Millar-2013_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Millar-2013_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Millar-2013_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Millar-2013_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Millar-2013_2-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Millar-2013_2-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Millar-2013_2-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Millar-2013_2-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Millar-2013_2-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMillar2013" class="citation journal cs1">Millar, Dorothy Squatrito (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23880988">"Guardianship Alternatives: Their Use Affirms Self-Determination of Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities"</a>. <i>Education and Training in Autism and Developmental Disabilities</i>. <b>48</b> (3): 291–305. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2154-1647">2154-1647</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23880988">23880988</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Education+and+Training+in+Autism+and+Developmental+Disabilities&rft.atitle=Guardianship+Alternatives%3A+Their+Use+Affirms+Self-Determination+of+Individuals+with+Intellectual+Disabilities&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=291-305&rft.date=2013&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F23880988%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=2154-1647&rft.aulast=Millar&rft.aufirst=Dorothy+Squatrito&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F23880988&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALegal+guardian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McSwiggan-2016-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-McSwiggan-2016_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McSwiggan-2016_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McSwiggan-2016_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcSwigganMearesPorter2016" class="citation journal cs1">McSwiggan, Sally; Meares, Susanne; Porter, Melanie (March 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/international-psychogeriatrics/article/abs/decisionmaking-capacity-evaluation-in-adult-guardianship-a-systematic-review/60179F547B339A60905FB33CFA506F64">"Decision-making capacity evaluation in adult guardianship: a systematic review"</a>. <i>International Psychogeriatrics</i>. <b>28</b> (3): 373–384. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS1041610215001490">10.1017/S1041610215001490</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1041-6102">1041-6102</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26412394">26412394</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:33108335">33108335</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Psychogeriatrics&rft.atitle=Decision-making+capacity+evaluation+in+adult+guardianship%3A+a+systematic+review&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=373-384&rft.date=2016-03&rft.issn=1041-6102&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A33108335%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F26412394&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS1041610215001490&rft.aulast=McSwiggan&rft.aufirst=Sally&rft.au=Meares%2C+Susanne&rft.au=Porter%2C+Melanie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Fjournals%2Finternational-psychogeriatrics%2Farticle%2Fabs%2Fdecisionmaking-capacity-evaluation-in-adult-guardianship-a-systematic-review%2F60179F547B339A60905FB33CFA506F64&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALegal+guardian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrolik2012" class="citation journal cs1">Frolik, Lawrence A. (2012). "Guardianship reform: When the best is the enemy of the good". <i>Stanford Law & Policy Review</i>. <b>9</b> (2): 347–358 – via Hein Online.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Stanford+Law+%26+Policy+Review&rft.atitle=Guardianship+reform%3A+When+the+best+is+the+enemy+of+the+good&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=347-358&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Frolik&rft.aufirst=Lawrence+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALegal+guardian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.michbar.org/public_resources/probate_guardianship">"Guardianship—Acting for Adults Who Become Disabled"</a>. <i>State Bar of Michigan</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=State+Bar+of+Michigan&rft.atitle=Guardianship%E2%80%94Acting+for+Adults+Who+Become+Disabled&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.michbar.org%2Fpublic_resources%2Fprobate_guardianship&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALegal+guardian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://supporteddecisionmaking.org/sites/default/files/iowa_alternatives_guardianship_conservatorship_0.pdf">"Alternatives to Guardianship and Conservatorship for Adults in Iowa"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>National Resource Center for Supported Decision-Making</i>. 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Resource+Center+for+Supported+Decision-Making&rft.atitle=Alternatives+to+Guardianship+and+Conservatorship+for+Adults+in+Iowa&rft.date=2007&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsupporteddecisionmaking.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fiowa_alternatives_guardianship_conservatorship_0.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALegal+guardian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Guardianships:_Cases_of_Financial_Exploitation,_Neglect,_and_Abuse_of_Seniors,_Highlights,_U.S._GAO,_2010-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Guardianships:_Cases_of_Financial_Exploitation,_Neglect,_and_Abuse_of_Seniors,_Highlights,_U.S._GAO,_2010_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-10-1046">Guardianships: Cases of Financial Exploitation, Neglect, and Abuse of Seniors</a>, Highlights, U.S. Government Accountability Office, Published: Sep 30, 2010. Publicly Released: Oct 27, 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Reuters_column,_October_20,_2017-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Reuters_column,_October_20,_2017_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-column-miller-seniors/column-with-u-s-elder-abuse-in-spotlight-a-look-at-guardians-idUSKBN1CP154">Column: With U.S. elder abuse in spotlight, a look at guardians</a>, <i>Reuters</i>, Mark Miller, October 20, 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_New_Yorker,_How_the_Elderly_Lose_Their_Rights,_October_9,_2017-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-The_New_Yorker,_How_the_Elderly_Lose_Their_Rights,_October_9,_2017_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2017/10/09/how-the-elderly-lose-their-rights">HOW THE ELDERLY LOSE THEIR RIGHTS, Guardians can sell the assets and control the lives of senior citizens without their consent—and reap a profit from it</a>, <i>The New Yorker</i>, Rachel Aviv, October 9, 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180627132117/http://www.guardiansdocumentary.com/">"The Guardians"</a>. <i>guardiansdocumentary.com</i>. 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Rochester, NY. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2139%2Fssrn.2161115">10.2139/ssrn.2161115</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:21193752">21193752</a>. <a href="/wiki/SSRN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="SSRN (identifier)">SSRN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2161115">2161115</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Supported+Decision-Making%3A+A+Viable+Alternative+to+Guardianship%3F&rft.date=2013-04-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A21193752%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpapers.ssrn.com%2Fsol3%2Fpapers.cfm%3Fabstract_id%3D2161115%23id-name%3DSSRN&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2139%2Fssrn.2161115&rft.aulast=Kohn&rft.aufirst=Nina+A.&rft.au=Blumenthal%2C+Jeremy+A.&rft.au=Campbell%2C+Amy+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpapers.ssrn.com%2Fabstract%3D2161115&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALegal+guardian" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhan2023" class="citation web cs1">Khan, Sarah (2023-01-30). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thekoreanlawblog.com/2023/01/korean-guardianship-law-2.html">"The Formalities under the Guardian Law in Korea"</a>. <i>The Korean Law Blog by IPG Legal</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-01-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Korean+Law+Blog+by+IPG+Legal&rft.atitle=The+Formalities+under+the+Guardian+Law+in+Korea&rft.date=2023-01-30&rft.aulast=Khan&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thekoreanlawblog.com%2F2023%2F01%2Fkorean-guardianship-law-2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALegal+guardian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHayes2023" class="citation web cs1">Hayes, Sean (2023-01-30). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thekoreanlawblog.com/2023/01/korean-guardian.html">"Appointment of a Guardian in Korea"</a>. <i>The Korean Law Blog by IPG Legal</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-01-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Korean+Law+Blog+by+IPG+Legal&rft.atitle=Appointment+of+a+Guardian+in+Korea&rft.date=2023-01-30&rft.aulast=Hayes&rft.aufirst=Sean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thekoreanlawblog.com%2F2023%2F01%2Fkorean-guardian.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALegal+guardian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-StandleyDavies2013-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-StandleyDavies2013_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKate_StandleyPaula_Davies2013" class="citation book cs1">Kate Standley; Paula Davies (28 June 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NwytCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA445"><i>Family Law</i></a>. Macmillan International Higher Education. p. 445. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-137-03770-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-137-03770-1"><bdi>978-1-137-03770-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Family+Law&rft.pages=445&rft.pub=Macmillan+International+Higher+Education&rft.date=2013-06-28&rft.isbn=978-1-137-03770-1&rft.au=Kate+Standley&rft.au=Paula+Davies&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNwytCQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA445&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALegal+guardian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The <a href="/wiki/Official_Secrets_Act_1989" title="Official Secrets Act 1989">Official Secrets Act 1989</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1989/6/section/4">section 4(6)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The <a href="/wiki/Mental_Health_Act_1983" title="Mental Health Act 1983">Mental Health Act 1983</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1983/20/section/137">section 137(1)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Mental Health Act 1983, section 137(3)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dr. Shirli Resnizky, Ittay Mannheim, Ellen Milshtein, Jenny Brodsky, Dori Rivkin, Hana Goldenberg, Chaya Rozenfeld. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://brookdale.jdc.org.il/en/publication/pilot-for-supervision-of-legal-guardians-for-personal-affairs-summary-report/">Pilot for Supervision of Legal Guardians for Personal Affairs: Summary Report</a>.</i> Jerusalem: Myers-JDC-Brookdale Institute (2019).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.caab.ie/">"Children Acts Advisory Board"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Children+Acts+Advisory+Board&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.caab.ie%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALegal+guardian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.barnardos.ie/">"Barnardos"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Barnardos&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.barnardos.ie%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALegal+guardian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wallgren-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Wallgren_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWallgren2017" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Wallgren, Jan (2017). <i>Gode mannens abc: handbok för gode män och förvaltare</i> (in Swedish). Wolters Kluwer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-91-39-11593-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-91-39-11593-9"><bdi>978-91-39-11593-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gode+mannens+abc%3A+handbok+f%C3%B6r+gode+m%C3%A4n+och+f%C3%B6rvaltare&rft.pub=Wolters+Kluwer&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-91-39-11593-9&rft.aulast=Wallgren&rft.aufirst=Jan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALegal+guardian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legal_guardian&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guardianship.org/">National Guardianship Association (USA)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2005/9/contents">Mental Capacity Act 2005 (England and Wales)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stopguardianabuse.org">National Association to Stop Guardian Abuse (NASGA)</a> United States</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/englisch_bgb/englisch_bgb.html#BGBengl_000P1896">German guardianship law (English translation)</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox 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