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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legal_processes,_detention_of_people,_and_involuntary_treatment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legal_processes,_detention_of_people,_and_involuntary_treatment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Legal processes, detention of people, and involuntary treatment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legal_processes,_detention_of_people,_and_involuntary_treatment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Analysis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Analysis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Analysis</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Analysis-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Analysis subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Analysis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Definition_of_mental_disorder" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Definition_of_mental_disorder"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Definition of mental disorder</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Definition_of_mental_disorder-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Professionals_and_persons_involved" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Professionals_and_persons_involved"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Professionals and persons involved</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Professionals_and_persons_involved-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Subjects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subjects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.1</span> <span>Subjects</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Subjects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Approved_Mental_Health_Professionals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Approved_Mental_Health_Professionals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.2</span> <span>Approved Mental Health Professionals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Approved_Mental_Health_Professionals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Section_12_approved_doctors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Section_12_approved_doctors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.3</span> <span>Section 12 approved doctors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Section_12_approved_doctors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Approved_Clinicians_and_Responsible_Clinicians" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Approved_Clinicians_and_Responsible_Clinicians"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.4</span> <span>Approved Clinicians and Responsible Clinicians</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Approved_Clinicians_and_Responsible_Clinicians-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nearest_Relatives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nearest_Relatives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.5</span> <span>Nearest Relatives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nearest_Relatives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hospital_Managers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hospital_Managers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.6</span> <span>Hospital Managers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hospital_Managers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-First-Tier_Tribunal_(Mental_Health)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First-Tier_Tribunal_(Mental_Health)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.7</span> <span>First-Tier Tribunal (Mental Health)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First-Tier_Tribunal_(Mental_Health)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Civil_sections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Civil_sections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Civil sections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Civil_sections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Assessment_orders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Assessment_orders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.1</span> <span>Assessment orders</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Assessment_orders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Treatment_orders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Treatment_orders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.2</span> <span>Treatment orders</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Treatment_orders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Leave_and_Discharge" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Leave_and_Discharge"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.3</span> <span>Leave and Discharge</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Leave_and_Discharge-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Emergency_orders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Emergency_orders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.4</span> <span>Emergency orders</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Emergency_orders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Holding_powers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Holding_powers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.5</span> <span>Holding powers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Holding_powers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Magistrates'_and_police_officers'_orders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Magistrates'_and_police_officers'_orders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.6</span> <span>Magistrates' and police officers' orders</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Magistrates'_and_police_officers'_orders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Informal_Patients" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Informal_Patients"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Informal Patients</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Informal_Patients-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Criminal_sections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criminal_sections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Criminal sections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Criminal_sections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pre-trial_orders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pre-trial_orders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5.1</span> <span>Pre-trial orders</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pre-trial_orders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-trial_orders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-trial_orders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5.2</span> <span>Post-trial orders</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-trial_orders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transfer_orders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transfer_orders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5.3</span> <span>Transfer orders</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transfer_orders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Physical_illness" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Physical_illness"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Physical illness</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Physical_illness-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Community_Care_and_Treatment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Community_Care_and_Treatment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7</span> <span>Community Care and Treatment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Community_Care_and_Treatment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Right_to_independent_advocacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Right_to_independent_advocacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.8</span> <span>Right to independent advocacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Right_to_independent_advocacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Criticisms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criticisms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Criticisms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Criticisms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Repeals_and_extent" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Repeals_and_extent"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">Mental Health Act 1983</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight: bold;">Act of Parliament</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28variant_1%2C_1952-2022%29.svg/140px-Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28variant_1%2C_1952-2022%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28variant_1%2C_1952-2022%29.svg/210px-Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28variant_1%2C_1952-2022%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28variant_1%2C_1952-2022%29.svg/280px-Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28variant_1%2C_1952-2022%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1550" data-file-height="1550" /></span></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">Parliament of the United Kingdom</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Short_and_long_titles" title="Short and long titles">Long title</a></th><td class="infobox-data description">An Act to consolidate the law relating to mentally disordered people.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Citation_of_United_Kingdom_legislation" title="Citation of United Kingdom legislation">Citation</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1983 c. 20</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Territorial extent </span></th><td class="infobox-data">England and Wales (full); Northern Ireland and Scotland (parts of the Act)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 1px solid #aaa;">Dates</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Royal_assent" title="Royal assent">Royal assent</a></th><td class="infobox-data">9 May 1983</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Coming_into_force" class="mw-redirect" title="Coming into force">Commencement</a></th><td class="infobox-data dtstart">30 September 1983</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 1px solid #aaa;">Other legislation</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Amends</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mental_Health_Act_1959" title="Mental Health Act 1959">Mental Health Act 1959</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 1px solid #aaa;"><div style="background-color: #ffffcc;">Status: Amended</div></th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 1px solid #aaa;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1983/20/enacted">Text of statute as originally enacted</a></th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 1px solid #aaa;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/id?title=Mental+Health+Act+1983">Text of the Mental Health Act 1983</a> as in force today (including any amendments) within the United Kingdom, from <a href="/wiki/Legislation.gov.uk" title="Legislation.gov.uk">legislation.gov.uk</a>.</th></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Mental Health Act 1983</b> (c. 20) is an <a href="/wiki/Act_of_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Act of Parliament">Act</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">Parliament of the United Kingdom</a>. It covers the reception, care and treatment of mentally disordered people, the management of their property and other related matters, forming part of the <a href="/wiki/Mental_health_law" title="Mental health law">mental health law</a> for the people in <a href="/wiki/England_and_Wales" title="England and Wales">England and Wales</a>. In particular, it provides the <a href="/wiki/Legislation" title="Legislation">legislation</a> by which people diagnosed with a <a href="/wiki/Mental_disorder" title="Mental disorder">mental disorder</a> can be <a href="/wiki/Involuntary_commitment" title="Involuntary commitment">detained in a hospital</a> or police custody and have their disorder assessed or <a href="/wiki/Involuntary_treatment" title="Involuntary treatment">treated against their wishes</a>, informally known as "<a href="/wiki/Sectioning" class="mw-redirect" title="Sectioning">sectioning</a>". Its use is reviewed and regulated by the <a href="/wiki/Care_Quality_Commission" title="Care Quality Commission">Care Quality Commission</a>. The Act was significantly amended by the <a href="/wiki/Mental_Health_Act_2007" title="Mental Health Act 2007">Mental Health Act 2007</a>. A white paper proposing changes to the act was published in 2021 following an independent review of the act by <a href="/wiki/Simon_Wessely" title="Simon Wessely">Simon Wessely</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was confirmed on 17 July 2024 that a new mental health act would be legislated for in the forthcoming session of Parliament.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mental_Health_Act_1983&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Madhouses_Act_1774" title="Madhouses Act 1774">Madhouses Act 1774</a> created a Commission of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_College_of_Physicians" title="Royal College of Physicians">Royal College of Physicians</a> with powers to grant licences to premises housing "lunatics" in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>; <a href="/wiki/Magistrates" class="mw-redirect" title="Magistrates">justices of the peace</a> were given these powers elsewhere in England and Wales. Failure to gain a licence resulted in a hefty fine. Admission to a "madhouse" required certification signed by a doctor, and lists of detained residents became available for public inspection.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This Act was later considered ineffectual and was repealed by the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Madhouses_Act_1828&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Madhouses Act 1828 (page does not exist)">Madhouses Act 1828</a>, itself repealed shortly afterwards by the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Madhouses_Act_1832&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Madhouses Act 1832 (page does not exist)">Madhouses Act 1832</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Madhouses_Act_1832_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Madhouses_Act_1832-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These Acts altered the composition of the Commission in several ways, such as including barristers in addition to doctors. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Lunacy_Act_1845" title="Lunacy Act 1845">Lunacy Act 1845</a> and the <a href="/wiki/County_Asylums_Act_1845" class="mw-redirect" title="County Asylums Act 1845">County Asylums Act 1845</a> together gave <a href="/wiki/Psychiatric_hospitals" class="mw-redirect" title="Psychiatric hospitals">mental hospitals</a> or "<a href="/wiki/Psychiatric_hospitals" class="mw-redirect" title="Psychiatric hospitals">asylums</a>" the authority to detain "lunatics, idiots and persons of unsound mind". Each county was compelled to provide an asylum for "pauper lunatics", who were removed from workhouses into the aforementioned asylums. The Lunacy Commission was established to monitor asylums,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> their admissions, treatments and discharges. </p><p>Both these acts were repealed by the <a href="/wiki/Lunacy_Act_1890" title="Lunacy Act 1890">Lunacy Act 1890</a>. This introduced "reception orders", authorising detention in asylums.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These orders had to be made by a specialised Justice of the Peace and lasted one year. Thereafter, detention could be renewed at regular intervals by submission of a medical report to the Lunacy Commission.<sup id="cite_ref-Madhouses_Act_1832_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Madhouses_Act_1832-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Mental_Deficiency_Act_1913" title="Mental Deficiency Act 1913">Mental Deficiency Act 1913</a> renamed the Lunacy Commission the "Board of Control" and increased the scope of its powers. The functions of the Board of Control were subsequently altered by the <a href="/wiki/Mental_Treatment_Act_1930" title="Mental Treatment Act 1930">Mental Treatment Act 1930</a> and the <a href="/wiki/National_Health_Service_Act_1946" title="National Health Service Act 1946">National Health Service Act 1946</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Lunacy Act 1890 was repealed following <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Mental_Health_Act_1959" title="Mental Health Act 1959">Mental Health Act 1959</a>. This Act abolished the Board of Control, and aimed to provide informal treatment for the majority of people with mental disorders, whilst providing a legal framework so that people could, if necessary, be detained in a hospital against their will. It also aimed to make local councils responsible for the care of mentally disordered people who did not require hospital admission.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, like its predecessors, the 1959 Act did not provide clarity as to whether a legal order to detain a mentally disordered person in a hospital also empowered the hospital to impose medical treatment against the person's wishes.<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It had become clear by the 1970s that a specific legal framework for medical treatments such as <a href="/wiki/Psychiatric_medication" title="Psychiatric medication">psychiatric medications</a>, <a href="/wiki/Electroconvulsive_therapy" title="Electroconvulsive therapy">electroconvulsive therapy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Psychosurgery" title="Psychosurgery">psychosurgery</a> was needed in order to balance the rights of detained persons with society as a whole. </p><p>The Mental Health Act 1983 was formally approved by the monarch on 9 May 1983 and came into effect on 30 September that year. It has been amended many times: notably in 1995, 2001 (via remedial order, issued on the grounds of <a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_incompatibility" title="Declaration of incompatibility">incompatibility</a> with the <a href="/wiki/European_Convention_of_Human_Rights" class="mw-redirect" title="European Convention of Human Rights">European Convention of Human Rights</a> under the <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Act_1998" title="Human Rights Act 1998">Human Rights Act 1998</a> section 4), 2007 and 2017 via the Policing and Crime Act 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mental_Health_Act_1983&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Act is divided into eleven "parts" (one repealed): </p><p>I Application of the Act </p><p>II Compulsory admission to hospital and guardianship </p><p>III Patients concerned in criminal proceedings or under sentence </p><p>IV Consent to treatment </p><p>4A Treatment of community patients not recalled to hospital </p><p>V Mental Health Review Tribunal </p><p>VI Removal and return of patients within the United Kingdom </p><p>VII Management of property and affairs of patients (repealed) </p><p>VIII Miscellaneous functions of Local Authorities and the Secretary of State </p><p>IX Offences </p><p>X Miscellaneous and supplementary </p><p>Each of these parts are divided into "sections", which are numbered continuously throughout the Act. In total, there are currently 202 sections in the Act that are in force. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legal_processes,_detention_of_people,_and_involuntary_treatment"><span id="Legal_processes.2C_detention_of_people.2C_and_involuntary_treatment"></span>Legal processes, detention of people, and involuntary treatment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mental_Health_Act_1983&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Legal processes, detention of people, and involuntary treatment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The act lays out various procedures to detain members of the public, inpatients, force them to take drugs, and perform medical procedures on them without consent. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Legal processes to detain people under the Act </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Action </th> <th>Applies to </th> <th>Changes status to </th> <th>Proposed by </th> <th>Approved by </th></tr> <tr> <td>Threat of Section 2 by Responsible clinician </td> <td>Free individual </td> <td><a href="#s131">Voluntary inpatient</a> </td> <td><a href="#AC">Approved Clinician</a> </td> <td>No one </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="#s5.4">Section 5(4)</a> </td> <td><a href="#s131">Voluntary inpatient</a> </td> <td>72-hour hold </td> <td>Nurse </td> <td>No one </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="#s5.2">Section 5(2)</a> </td> <td><a href="#s131">Voluntary inpatient</a> </td> <td>Section 2 Inpatient </td> <td>Any Medical Doctor </td> <td>No one </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="#s2">Section 2</a> </td> <td>Free individual </td> <td rowspan="2">Section 2 Inpatient </td> <td><a href="#RC">Responsible Clinician</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">Doctor and AMHP (conditions) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="#s131">Voluntary inpatient</a> </td> <td><a href="#AC">Approved Clinician</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Request to be discharged </td> <td>Section 2 </td> <td>Free individual </td> <td>Patient </td> <td>Responsible Clinician </td></tr> <tr> <td>Threat of section 3 by Responsible clinician </td> <td>Section 2 inpatient </td> <td><a href="#s131">Voluntary inpatient</a> </td> <td><a href="#RC">Responsible Clinician</a> </td> <td>Responsible Clinician </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="#s3">Section 3</a> </td> <td><a href="#s131">Voluntary inpatient</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">Section 3 inpatient </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="#RC">Responsible Clinician</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">Doctor and AMHP (conditions) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Section 2 inpatient </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Period of Detention under the Act </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Detention period </th> <th>Applies to </th> <th>Action </th> <th>Proposed by </th> <th>Approved by </th></tr> <tr> <td>72-hour detention </td> <td>Voluntary inpatient </td> <td><a href="#s5.4">Section 5(4)</a> </td> <td>Nurse </td> <td>No one </td></tr> <tr> <td>72-hour detention </td> <td>Voluntary inpatient </td> <td><a href="#s5.2">Section 5(2)</a> </td> <td>Any doctor </td> <td>No one </td></tr> <tr> <td>28 days detention </td> <td>Free individual </td> <td><a href="#s2">Section 2</a> </td> <td><a href="#RC">Responsible Clinician</a> </td> <td>Doctor and AMHP (conditions) </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">6 month detention </td> <td>Voluntary inpatient </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="#s3">Section 3</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="#RC">Responsible Clinician</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">Doctor and AMHP (conditions) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Section 2 inpatient </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 year detention </td> <td>Section 3 inpatient </td> <td><a href="#s3">Section 3</a> </td> <td><a href="#RC">Responsible Clinician</a> </td> <td>Doctor and AMHP </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Analysis">Analysis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mental_Health_Act_1983&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Analysis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Definition_of_mental_disorder">Definition of mental disorder</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mental_Health_Act_1983&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Definition of mental disorder"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term "mental disorder" is very loosely defined under the Act, in contrast to legislation in other countries such as <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>. Under the Act, mental disorder is defined as "any disorder or disability of mind". The concept of mental disorder as defined by the Act does not necessarily correspond to medical categories of mental disorder such as those outlined in <a href="/wiki/ICD" class="mw-redirect" title="ICD">ICD-10</a> or <a href="/wiki/DSM-IV" class="mw-redirect" title="DSM-IV">DSM-IV</a>. However, mental disorder is thought by most psychiatrists to cover <a href="/wiki/Schizophrenia" title="Schizophrenia">schizophrenia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anorexia_nervosa" title="Anorexia nervosa">anorexia nervosa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clinical_depression" class="mw-redirect" title="Clinical depression">major depression</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bipolar_disorder" title="Bipolar disorder">bipolar disorder</a> and other similar illnesses, <a href="/wiki/Intellectual_disability" title="Intellectual disability">learning disability</a> and <a href="/wiki/Personality_disorders" class="mw-redirect" title="Personality disorders">personality disorders</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Professionals_and_persons_involved">Professionals and persons involved</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mental_Health_Act_1983&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Professionals and persons involved"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Subjects">Subjects</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mental_Health_Act_1983&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Subjects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most people are subject to the Act, and section 141 even makes provision for members of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">House of Commons</a>, until it was repealed by the <a href="/wiki/Mental_Health_(Discrimination)_Act_2013" title="Mental Health (Discrimination) Act 2013">Mental Health (Discrimination) Act 2013</a>. In 1983–84, the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords">House of Lords</a> <a href="/wiki/Committee_for_Privileges" class="mw-redirect" title="Committee for Privileges">Committee for Privileges</a> accepted the advice of the <a href="/wiki/Law_lords" class="mw-redirect" title="Law lords">law lords</a> that the statute would prevail against any <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_privilege" title="Parliamentary privilege">privilege of Parliament or of peerage</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-priv_rep_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-priv_rep-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Approved_Mental_Health_Professionals">Approved Mental Health Professionals</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mental_Health_Act_1983&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Approved Mental Health Professionals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An <a href="/wiki/Approved_Mental_Health_Professional" class="mw-redirect" title="Approved Mental Health Professional">Approved Mental Health Professional</a> (AMHP) is defined in the Act as a practitioner who has extensive knowledge and experience of working with people with mental disorders. Until the <a href="/wiki/Mental_Health_Act_2007" title="Mental Health Act 2007">2007 amendments</a>, this role was restricted to <a href="/wiki/Approved_Social_Worker" class="mw-redirect" title="Approved Social Worker">social workers</a>, but other professionals such as nurses, clinical psychologists and occupational therapists are now permitted to perform this role. AMHPs receive specialised training in mental disorder and the application of mental health law, particularly the Mental Health Act. Training involves both academic work and apprenticeship and lasts one year. The AMHP has a key role in the organisation and application of Mental Health Act assessments and provides a valuable non-medical perspective in ensuring legal process and accountability. </p><p>(<i>For further aspects on the role of the AMHP see also:</i> <a href="/wiki/Involuntary_commitment_internationally#United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Involuntary commitment internationally">Involuntary commitment in the United Kingdom</a>.) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Section_12_approved_doctors">Section 12 approved doctors</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mental_Health_Act_1983&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Section 12 approved doctors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A section 12 approved doctor is a medically qualified doctor who has been recognised under section 12(2) of the Act. They have specific expertise in mental disorder and have additionally received training in the application of the Act. They are usually <a href="/wiki/Psychiatrists" class="mw-redirect" title="Psychiatrists">psychiatrists</a>, although some are <a href="/wiki/General_practitioners" class="mw-redirect" title="General practitioners">general practitioners</a> (GPs) who have a special interest in psychiatry. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Approved_Clinicians_and_Responsible_Clinicians"><span class="anchor" id="AC"></span><span class="anchor" id="RC"></span>Approved Clinicians and Responsible Clinicians</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mental_Health_Act_1983&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Approved Clinicians and Responsible Clinicians"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An Approved Clinician (AC) is a healthcare professional who is competent to become responsible for the treatment of mentally disordered people compulsorily detained under the Act. A clinician must complete special training and demonstrate competence in their professional portfolio in order to be approved as an AC. Until the <a href="/wiki/Mental_Health_Act_2007" title="Mental Health Act 2007">2007 amendments</a>, they would almost exclusively have been a consultant psychiatrist, but other professionals, such as social workers, clinical psychologists and nurse specialists, are being encouraged to take on the role. Once an AC takes over the care of a specific patient, they are known as the Responsible Clinician (RC) for that patient. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Nearest_Relatives">Nearest Relatives</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mental_Health_Act_1983&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Nearest Relatives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Nearest_relative" title="Nearest relative">Nearest Relative</a> is a relative of a mentally disordered person. There is a strict hierarchy of types of relationship that needs to be followed in order to determine a particular person's Nearest Relative: husband, wife, or civil partner; son or daughter; father or mother; brother or sister; grandparent; grandchild; uncle or aunt; nephew or niece; lastly, an unrelated person who resides with the mentally disordered person. Thus a person's Nearest Relative under the Act is not necessarily their "next of kin". </p><p>A mentally disordered person is not usually able to choose their Nearest Relative but under some circumstances they can apply to a <a href="/wiki/County_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="County Court">County Court</a> to have a Nearest Relative replaced. In practice, such applications are more commonly made by Social Services Departments. The Nearest Relative has the power to discharge the mentally disordered person from some sections of the Act. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hospital_Managers">Hospital Managers</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mental_Health_Act_1983&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Hospital Managers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hospital Managers represent the management of the NHS Trust or independent hospital and have the responsibility for a detained patient. On their behalf, the non-executive members of the board of the relevant <a href="/wiki/National_Health_Service" title="National Health Service">National Health Service</a> Trust and appointed lay 'Associate Managers' may hear appeals from patients against their detention, Community Treatment Order and upon those detentions being renewed and extended. Cases are heard in similar settings to those heard by the First-Tier Tribunal (Mental Health) outlined below. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="First-Tier_Tribunal_(Mental_Health)"><span id="First-Tier_Tribunal_.28Mental_Health.29"></span>First-Tier Tribunal (Mental Health)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mental_Health_Act_1983&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: First-Tier Tribunal (Mental Health)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Mental_Health_Review_Tribunal_(England_and_Wales)" title="Mental Health Review Tribunal (England and Wales)">Mental Health Review Tribunals</a> (MHRTs) hear appeals against detention under the Act. Their members are appointed by the <a href="/wiki/Lord_Chancellor" title="Lord Chancellor">Lord Chancellor</a> and include a <a href="/wiki/Physician" title="Physician">doctor</a>, a lawyer and a lay person<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (i.e. neither a doctor nor a lawyer). Detained persons have the right to be represented at MHRTs by a <a href="/wiki/Solicitor" title="Solicitor">solicitor</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Discharge from hospital as a result of an MHRT hearing is the exception to the rule, occurring in around 5% of cases, when the Tribunal judges that the conditions for detention are not met. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Civil_sections">Civil sections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mental_Health_Act_1983&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Civil sections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Part II of the Act applies to any mentally disordered person who is not subject to the Criminal Justice System. The vast majority of people detained in psychiatric hospitals in <a href="/wiki/England_and_Wales" title="England and Wales">England and Wales</a> are detained under one of the civil sections of the Act. If a clinician consents, patients may choose to be treated as <a href="/wiki/Voluntary_commitment" title="Voluntary commitment">voluntary inpatient</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This choice is sometimes as a means to avoid the threat of detention under sections of this act by a medical doctor.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>These sections are implemented following an assessment of the person suspected to have a mental disorder. These assessments can be performed by various professional groups, depending upon the particular section of the Act being considered. These professional groups include AMHPs, Section 12 approved doctors, other doctors, registered mental health nurses (RMNs) and police officers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Assessment_orders">Assessment orders</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mental_Health_Act_1983&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Assessment orders"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="s2"></span><b>Section 2</b> is an assessment order and lasts up to 28 days;<sup id="cite_ref-auto_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it cannot be renewed. It can be instituted following an assessment under the Act by two doctors and an AMHP. At least one of these doctors must be a Section 12 approved doctor. The other must either have had previous acquaintance with the person under assessment, or also be a Section 12 approved doctor. This latter rule can be broken in an emergency where the person is not known to any available doctors and two Section 12 approved doctors cannot be found. In any case, the two doctors must not be employed in the same service, to ensure independence (this 'rule' was removed in the 2007 MHA amendment). Commonly, in order to satisfy this requirement, a <a href="/wiki/Psychiatrist" title="Psychiatrist">psychiatrist</a> will perform a joint assessment with a <a href="/wiki/General_practitioner" title="General practitioner">general practitioner</a> (GP). A Mental Health Act assessment can take place anywhere, but commonly occurs in a hospital, at a police station, or in a person's home. </p><p>If the two doctors agree that the person has a mental disorder and ought to be detained in hospital in the interest of the patient's own health or safety, or for the protection of others, they complete a medical recommendation form and give this to the AMHP. If the AMHP agrees that there is no viable alternative to detaining the person in hospital, they will complete an application form requesting that the hospital managers detain the person. The person will then be transported to hospital and the period of assessment begins. Treatment, such as medication, can be given against the person's wishes under Section 2 assessment orders, as observation of response to treatment constitutes part of the assessment process. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Treatment_orders">Treatment orders</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mental_Health_Act_1983&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Treatment orders"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="s3"></span><b>Section 3</b> is a treatment order and can initially last up to six months;<sup id="cite_ref-auto_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> if renewed, the next order lasts up to six months and each subsequent order lasts up to one year. It is instituted in the same manner as Section 2, following an assessment by two doctors and an AMHP. One major difference, however, is that for Section 3 treatment orders, the doctors must be clear about the diagnosis and proposed treatment plan, and be confident that "appropriate medical treatment" is available for the patient. The definition of "appropriate medical treatment" is wide and may constitute basic nursing care alone. </p><p>Most treatments for mental disorder can be given under Section 3 treatment orders, including injections of <a href="/wiki/Psychiatric_Medications" class="mw-redirect" title="Psychiatric Medications">psychotropic medication</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Antipsychotics" class="mw-redirect" title="Antipsychotics">antipsychotics</a>. However, after three months of detention, either the person has to consent to their treatment or an independent doctor has to give a second opinion to confirm that the treatment being given remains in the person's best interests. A similar safeguard is used for <a href="/wiki/Electroconvulsive_therapy" title="Electroconvulsive therapy">electroconvulsive therapy</a> (ECT), although the RC can authorise two ECT treatments in the event of an emergency for people detained under Section 3 treatment orders. ECT may not be given to a refusing patient who has the <a href="/wiki/Mental_capacity" class="mw-redirect" title="Mental capacity">capacity</a> to refuse it, and may only be given to an incapacitated patient where it does not conflict with any <a href="/wiki/Mental_Capacity_Act_2005" title="Mental Capacity Act 2005">advance directive</a>, decision of a <a href="/wiki/Mental_Capacity_Act_2005" title="Mental Capacity Act 2005">donor</a> or <a href="/wiki/Mental_Capacity_Act_2005" title="Mental Capacity Act 2005">deputy</a>, or decision of the <a href="/wiki/Mental_Capacity_Act_2005" title="Mental Capacity Act 2005">Court of Protection</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Leave_and_Discharge">Leave and Discharge</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mental_Health_Act_1983&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Leave and Discharge"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Absence or "leave" from hospital can be granted by the RC for a patient detained under either a Section 2 assessment order or Section 3 treatment order, and the RC will ultimately be responsible for discharging a patient under such an order. Following discharge from a Section 3 treatment order, the person remains subject to the after-care provisions of <b>Section 117 indefinitely</b>. These provisions include a formal discharge planning meeting, and provision of personal care if necessary. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Emergency_orders">Emergency orders</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mental_Health_Act_1983&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Emergency orders"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="s4"></span><b>Section 4</b> is an emergency order that lasts up to 72 hours.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is implemented by just one doctor and an AMHP, in an emergency in which there is not time to summon a second suitable doctor in order to implement a Section 2 assessment order or Section 3 treatment order. Once in hospital, a further medical recommendation from a second doctor would convert the order from a Section 4 emergency order to a Section 2 assessment order. Section 4 emergency orders are not commonly used. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Holding_powers">Holding powers</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mental_Health_Act_1983&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Holding powers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="s5.2"></span><b>Section 5(2)</b> is a doctor's holding power. It can only be used to detain in hospital a person who has consented to admission on an informal basis (i.e. not detained under the Act) but then changed their mind and wishes to leave. It can be implemented following a (usually brief) assessment by the RC or his deputy, which, in effect, means any hospital doctor, including psychiatrists but also those based on medical or surgical wards. It lasts up to 72 hours,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> during which time a further assessment may result in either discharge from the section or detention under section 2 for assessment or section 3 for treatment. </p><p><span class="anchor" id="s5.4"></span><b>Section 5(4)</b> is a nurse's holding power. It can be applied to the same group of patients as those that may be detained under section 5(2) as outlined above. It is implemented by a first or second level Mental Health or Learning Disability <a href="/wiki/Nurse" class="mw-redirect" title="Nurse">Nurse</a>. Section 5(4) lasts up to 6 hours<sup id="cite_ref-auto_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and ends at the time the patient is seen by the doctor assessing the patient under Section 5(2), irrespective of the outcome of the doctor's assessment. Time spent by a patient under section 5(4) is included in the 72 hours of any subsequent Section 5(2). </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Care_Quality_Commission" title="Care Quality Commission">Care Quality Commission</a> consider it to be extremely poor practice to allow a section 5(2) to simply "lapse". There is a clear duty on the part of the patient's RC to make a decision as to whether any further action, such as detention under section 2 for assessment or detention under section 3 for treatment should be implemented, or whether the patient should be regraded to "informal" legal status. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Magistrates'_and_police_officers'_orders"><span id="Magistrates.27_and_police_officers.27_orders"></span>Magistrates' and police officers' orders</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mental_Health_Act_1983&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Magistrates' and police officers' orders"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Section 135</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Magistrate" title="Magistrate">magistrates</a>' order. It can be applied for by an AMHP in the best interests of a person who is thought to be mentally disordered, but who is refusing to allow mental health professionals into their residence for the purposes of a Mental Health Act assessment. Section 135 magistrates' orders give police officers the right to enter the property and to take the person to a "<a href="/wiki/Place_of_safety" title="Place of safety">place of safety</a>",<sup id="cite_ref-auto_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which is locally defined and usually either a police station or a psychiatric hospital ward. </p><p><b>Section 136</b> is a similar order that allows a police officer to take a person whom they consider to be mentally disordered to a "place of safety" as defined above. This only applies to a person found in a public place.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_15-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Once a person subject to a Section 135 magistrates' order or Section 136 police officers' order is at a place of safety, they are further assessed and, in some cases, a Section 2 assessment order or Section 3 treatment order implemented. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Informal_Patients">Informal Patients</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mental_Health_Act_1983&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Informal Patients"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="s131"></span><b>Section 131</b> allows for patients to be <a href="/wiki/Voluntary_commitment" title="Voluntary commitment">voluntarily admitted</a> as an inpatient, and voluntarily remain after other sections cease to apply.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Voluntary inpatients may be prevented from leaving by a physician under <a href="#s5.2">section 5(2)</a> or any nurse under <a href="#s5.4">section 5(4)</a> for 72 hours before being assessed for commitment through <a href="#s3">section 3</a> or <a href="#s2">section 2</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Criminal_sections">Criminal sections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mental_Health_Act_1983&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Criminal sections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Part III and other various criminal sections of the Act apply to sentenced prisoners and persons subject to proceedings of the criminal justice System. Although they are invariably implemented by a court, often upon the recommendations of one or more psychiatrists, some of these sections largely mirror the civil sections of the Act. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pre-trial_orders">Pre-trial orders</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mental_Health_Act_1983&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Pre-trial orders"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Section 35</b> and <b>Section 36</b> are similar in their powers to Section 2 assessment orders and Section 3 treatment orders respectively, but are used for persons awaiting trial for a serious crime and provide courts with an alternative to remanding a mentally disordered person in prison. The order for Section 35 can be made by the <a href="/wiki/Crown_Court" title="Crown Court">Crown Court</a> or a <a href="/wiki/Magistrates%27_court_(England_and_Wales)" title="Magistrates' court (England and Wales)">magistrates' court</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> whilst Section 36 can be enacted only by a Crown Court.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Courts can enact either of these sections on the medical recommendation of one Section 12 approved doctor. Both these sections are rarely used in practice.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Post-trial_orders">Post-trial orders</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mental_Health_Act_1983&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Post-trial orders"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Section 37</b> is a treatment order, similar in many regards to the civil treatment order under Section 3, and is fairly frequently used. It is applied to persons recently convicted of a serious crime (other than murder), which is punishable by imprisonment. Thus it represents an alternative to a mentally disordered person being <a href="/wiki/Punishment" title="Punishment">punished</a> by imprisonment or otherwise. It is enacted by the <a href="/wiki/Crown_Court" title="Crown Court">Crown Court</a> or a <a href="/wiki/Magistrates%27_court_(England_and_Wales)" title="Magistrates' court (England and Wales)">magistrates' court</a> on the recommendation of two approved doctors. However, the court is able to exercise discretion in this regard and can impose a prison sentence despite medical recommendations for Section 37. </p><p>A person detained under Section 37 can appeal to the Mental Health Review Tribunal after a period of six months; if they are no longer experiencing symptoms of mental disorder, the person can be discharged by the Tribunal, even if there is a strong possibility that the person might relapse and re-offend. Furthermore, a person on Section 37 alone, who may have been convicted of a serious violent crime, can be discharged in the community at any time by his or her Responsible Clinician (RC). </p><p>For these reasons, people who either are deemed by the court to pose a particularly high risk to other people if released, have a pronounced history of dangerous behaviour, or have committed a particularly serious offence, usually have <b>Section 41</b> used in conjunction with Section 37. Section 41 imposes "restrictions" upon the terms of Section 37. In summary, this means that the <a href="/wiki/Home_Office" title="Home Office">Home Office</a> and, ultimately, the <a href="/wiki/Home_Secretary" title="Home Secretary">Home Secretary</a>, rather than the RC, decides when the person can leave hospital, either temporarily ("leave") or permanently ("discharge"). Indeed, most people are ultimately given a "conditional discharge", which sets a statutory framework for psychiatric follow-up in the community upon release and provides for recall into hospital if, for instance, a person disengages from mental health services. </p><p>Only a Crown Court can impose Section 41, but a judge can do so without a doctor's recommendation. Although persons on Section 41 can appeal against their detention to the Mental Health Review Tribunal, their cases are heard by a Special Tribunal, chaired by a <a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_Justice" title="High Court of Justice">High Court</a> judge. Since the <a href="/wiki/Mental_Health_Act_2007" title="Mental Health Act 2007">2007 amendments</a> have been implemented, Section 41 is universally imposed without limit of time. </p><p><b>Section 38</b> is an interim order, used in similar circumstances to Section 37, when it is likely, but not wholly clear, that a Section 37 will be appropriate. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Transfer_orders">Transfer orders</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mental_Health_Act_1983&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Transfer orders"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It is noteworthy that the Act only provides for enforced treatment of mental disorder in a hospital. As a prison is not defined as a "hospital" by the Act, no prisoner can be treated against his or her wishes under the Act in prison, even in a prison healthcare wing. Instead, <b>Sections 47 and 48</b> provide for prisoners to be transferred to a hospital for treatment of a mental disorder. Section 47 applies to sentenced prisoners, whilst Section 48 applies to those on <a href="/wiki/Detention_of_suspects" class="mw-redirect" title="Detention of suspects">remand</a> and those convicted but awaiting sentence; it provides for temporary treatment out of prison. Section 48 can be used only for prisoners in need of urgent treatment for mental illness or severe mental impairment, whilst Section 47 can be used to treat any category of mental disorder. The <a href="/wiki/Home_Office" title="Home Office">Home Office</a> is required to approve applications for these sections and decides what level of security in hospital is necessary for a particular prisoner. </p><p><b>Section 49</b> provides for "restrictions" to Section 47, in the same way that Section 41 provides for "restrictions" to Section 37. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Physical_illness">Physical illness</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mental_Health_Act_1983&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Physical illness"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Act provides the legal framework for the assessment and treatment of mental disorders. It does not provide for the assessment or treatment of physical illnesses. There has been substantial <a href="/wiki/Case_law" title="Case law">case law</a> to confirm this interpretation. Thus, a person who has a <a href="/wiki/Mental_illness" class="mw-redirect" title="Mental illness">mental illness</a> as well as an unrelated <a href="/wiki/Physical_illness" class="mw-redirect" title="Physical illness">physical illness</a> for which he is refusing treatment, cannot be treated for his physical illness against his wishes under the Act.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In such cases, however, it might be deemed that the person lacks the <a href="/wiki/Mental_capacity" class="mw-redirect" title="Mental capacity">mental capacity</a> to consent to treatment of the physical illness, in which case treatment could be given, in the person's best interests, under the <a href="/wiki/Mental_Capacity_Act_2005" title="Mental Capacity Act 2005">Mental Capacity Act 2005</a>. </p><p>However, if the physical illness is causing the mental disorder, or if the physical illness is a direct consequence of the mental disorder, treatment of the physical illness is permitted under the Act. </p><p>A common example of this is a person who has a <a href="/wiki/Delirium" title="Delirium">short-lived confused state</a> as a result of a physical illness such as an infection or a <a href="/wiki/Myocardial_infarction" title="Myocardial infarction">heart attack</a>, but who is refusing assessment or treatment of the underlying condition. It is legal to treat such a physical illness under Section 2 of the Mental Health Act, on the grounds that treatment of the physical illness will alleviate symptoms of the mental disorder. However, this is rarely carried out in practice, given that the mental disorder is likely to be extremely transitory and emergency treatment is often necessary. It is more usual for physical illnesses to be treated under the <a href="/wiki/Mental_Capacity_Act_2005" title="Mental Capacity Act 2005">Mental Capacity Act 2005</a> where appropriate in these circumstances. </p><p>On the other hand, enforced re-feeding of severely emaciated people with <a href="/wiki/Anorexia_nervosa" title="Anorexia nervosa">anorexia nervosa</a> is more likely to take place under the Act, because treatment is likely to be prolonged and is rarely an emergency. Treatment is allowed because anorexia nervosa is classed as a mental disorder, whilst re-feeding is seen to constitute the first stage in treatment for severe cases of that mental disorder. </p><p>Lastly, treatment of an attempted suicide, which has been made as a direct result of a mental disorder, can be given under the Act. Again, in practice, this is unusual, as the emergency nature of the situation and the brief timeframe of treatment required usually dictate that treatment is given under the <a href="/wiki/Mental_Capacity_Act_2005" title="Mental Capacity Act 2005">Mental Capacity Act</a> instead. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Community_Care_and_Treatment">Community Care and Treatment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mental_Health_Act_1983&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Community Care and Treatment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Community_treatment_order#England_and_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="Community treatment order">Community treatment order § England and Wales</a></div> <p>The main thrust of the Act provides the power to detain a person in hospital to treat their mental disorder. There is currently no provision allowing compulsory treatment of mentally disordered people in the community. Indeed, the Act was drafted at a time when mental health care was focused on institutions rather than <a href="/wiki/Care_in_the_Community" title="Care in the Community">Care in the Community</a>. Since the 1980s, there has been a huge shift in emphasis of mental health care away from inpatient treatment. </p><p>Under <b>Sections 7 and 8</b> of the Act, "guardianship" allows for a mentally disordered person to be required to reside at a specific address, to attend a specific clinic on a regular basis for medical treatment, or to attend various other stipulated venues such as workplaces or educational establishments. However, there is no power to actually enforce the person to comply with these requirements. Indeed, although guardianship can require a person to attend a clinic for treatment, there is no requirement for the person to accept that treatment. </p><p>Supervised Community Treatment orders, a form of <a href="/wiki/Outpatient_commitment" title="Outpatient commitment">outpatient commitment</a>, provider the power to return a patient to hospital if a specified treatment regime is not being complied with in the community under Section 17A of the Act. However, treatment cannot be enforced in the community. These orders are applied to the person at the time of his/her discharge from Section 3, and replace "supervised discharge" arrangements under Section 20A which were used until the <a href="/wiki/Mental_Health_Act_2007" title="Mental Health Act 2007">2007 amendments</a> came into force. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mental_Health_Units_(Use_of_Force)_Act_2018&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mental Health Units (Use of Force) Act 2018 (page does not exist)">2018 amendments</a> also strictly limit the use of force while restraining a patient.<sup id="cite_ref-mentaldetain_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mentaldetain-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Right_to_independent_advocacy">Right to independent advocacy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mental_Health_Act_1983&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Right to independent advocacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Amendments in 2007 gave those detained and under community treatment orders rights to speak to an <a href="/wiki/Independent_mental_health_advocacy" title="Independent mental health advocacy">independent mental health advocate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticisms">Criticisms</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mental_Health_Act_1983&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Criticisms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There have been concerns amongst mental health professionals that the <a href="/wiki/Mental_Health_Act_2007" title="Mental Health Act 2007">2007 amendments</a> have been based more upon <a href="/wiki/Tabloid_(newspaper_format)" title="Tabloid (newspaper format)">tabloid</a> stories on the danger presented by mentally disordered people, especially people with personality disorder such as <a href="/wiki/Michael_Stone_(Russell_murder_case)" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael Stone (Russell murder case)">Michael Stone</a>, than on the practical shortcomings of the unamended Act. Critics asserted that it would mean mental health professionals being "suborned as agents of <a href="/wiki/Social_control" title="Social control">social control</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-mullen_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mullen-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Supporters of more restrictive legislation insisted that dangerous people must be detained in hospital by doctors in their own interests and for public protection, regardless of whether they can be treated.<sup id="cite_ref-maden_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-maden-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2010, detentions under the law were further criticized following the death of mental patient <a href="/wiki/Death_of_Olaseni_Lewis" title="Death of Olaseni Lewis">Seni Lewis</a> after being restrained at a mental hospital ward by 11 officers.<sup id="cite_ref-seni's_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-seni's-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Mental Health Units (Use of Force) Act 2018, also known as Seni's Law,<sup id="cite_ref-seni's_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-seni's-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> received royal assent in January 2018 after being passed by Parliament and amended the Mental Health Act 1983.<sup id="cite_ref-mentaldetain_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mentaldetain-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It requires that mental hospitals provide officer training which provides alternatives to the use of force while restraining patients and do better collection of data.<sup id="cite_ref-seni's_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-seni's-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mentaldetain_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mentaldetain-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The officers must also wear body cameras as well.<sup id="cite_ref-seni's_26-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-seni's-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mentaldetain_22-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mentaldetain-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Repeals_and_extent">Repeals and extent</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mental_Health_Act_1983&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Repeals and extent"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This Act did not repeal any other Acts in totality. Schedule 6 lists 28 other Acts which had individual sections repealed. These include the Mental Health Act 1959, the majority of which was repealed by this Act.<sup id="cite_ref-repeals_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-repeals-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>England and Wales</b>: The entire Act applies to England and Wales. </p><p><b>Northern Ireland</b>: Only the parts of the Act defined in s.147 have effect in Northern Ireland. The care of mentally disordered people in Northern Ireland is covered by the Mental Health (Northern Ireland) Order 1986, as amended by the Mental Health (Amendment) (Northern Ireland) Order 2004. </p><p><b>Scotland</b>: Only the parts of the Act defined in s.146 have effect in Scotland. The care of mentally disordered people in Scotland is covered by the <a href="/wiki/Mental_Health_(Care_and_Treatment)_(Scotland)_Act_2003" title="Mental Health (Care and Treatment) (Scotland) Act 2003">Mental Health (Care and Treatment) (Scotland) Act 2003</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mental_Health_Act_1983&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fixated_Threat_Assessment_Centre" title="Fixated Threat Assessment Centre">Fixated Threat Assessment Centre</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mental_Health_Act_1983&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.uk/government/consultations/reforming-the-mental-health-act/reforming-the-mental-health-act">"Reforming the Mental Health Act"</a>. <i>GOV.UK</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=studymore.org.uk&rft.atitle=1890+Lunacy+Act&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstudymore.org.uk%2Fmhhtim.htm%231890&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMental+Health+Act+1983" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://studymore.org.uk/1.htm#BoardofControl">"The Board of Control"</a>. <i>studymore.org.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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(2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scie-socialcareonline.org.uk/facing-up-to-our-responsibilities/r/a1CG0000000GWSSMA4">"Facing up to our responsibilities"</a>. <i>Psychiatric Bulletin</i>. <b>29</b> (7): 248–249. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1192%2Fpb.29.7.248">10.1192/pb.29.7.248</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:71638065">71638065</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Psychiatric+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Facing+up+to+our+responsibilities&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=248-249&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1192%2Fpb.29.7.248&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A71638065%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.au=Mullen%2C+P.E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scie-socialcareonline.org.uk%2Ffacing-up-to-our-responsibilities%2Fr%2Fa1CG0000000GWSSMA4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMental+Health+Act+1983" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-maden-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-maden_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaden2005" class="citation journal cs1">Maden, Anthony (17 July 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1192%2Fpb.29.7.250">"The point of principles: Commentary on … The Draft Mental Health Bill in England: without principles"</a>. <i>Psychiatric Bulletin</i>. <b>29</b> (7): 250–251. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1192%2Fpb.29.7.250">10.1192/pb.29.7.250</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Psychiatric+Bulletin&rft.atitle=The+point+of+principles%3A+Commentary+on+%E2%80%A6+The+Draft+Mental+Health+Bill+in+England%3A+without+principles&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=250-251&rft.date=2005-07-17&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1192%2Fpb.29.7.250&rft.aulast=Maden&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1192%252Fpb.29.7.250&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMental+Health+Act+1983" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-seni's-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-seni's_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-seni's_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-seni's_26-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-seni's_26-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240530104450/https://www.mind.org.uk/news-campaigns/news/mental-health-units-use-of-force-bill-becomes-law/">"Mental Health Units (Use of Force Bill) becomes law"</a>. <i>mind.org.uk</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mind.org.uk/news-campaigns/news/mental-health-units-use-of-force-bill-becomes-law/">the original</a> on 30 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mind.org.uk&rft.atitle=Mental+Health+Units+%28Use+of+Force+Bill%29+becomes+law&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mind.org.uk%2Fnews-campaigns%2Fnews%2Fmental-health-units-use-of-force-bill-becomes-law%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMental+Health+Act+1983" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://services.parliament.uk/bills/2017-19/mentalhealthunitsuseofforce.html">"Mental Health Units (Use of Force) Act 2018 — UK Parliament"</a>. <i>services.parliament.uk</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=services.parliament.uk&rft.atitle=Mental+Health+Units+%28Use+of+Force%29+Act+2018+%E2%80%94+UK+Parliament&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fservices.parliament.uk%2Fbills%2F2017-19%2Fmentalhealthunitsuseofforce.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMental+Health+Act+1983" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-repeals-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-repeals_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1983/20/schedule/6">"Mental Health Act 1983, Schedule 6"</a>. <i>legislation.gov.uk</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=legislation.gov.uk&rft.atitle=Mental+Health+Act+1983%2C+Schedule+6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.legislation.gov.uk%2Fukpga%2F1983%2F20%2Fschedule%2F6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMental+Health+Act+1983" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mental_Health_Act_1983&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mind.org.uk/help/rights_and_legislation/mental_health_act_1983_an_outline_guide">Mental Health Act 1983: an outline guide</a> Useful summary of the Act from <a href="/wiki/Mind_(charity)" title="Mind (charity)">Mind</a> including updated material to take account of the Mental Health Act 2007</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alzheimers.org.uk/site/scripts/documents_info.php?documentID=117">Factsheet 459: The Mental Health Act 1983 and guardianship</a>, Alzheimer's Society</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="UK_legislation">UK legislation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mental_Health_Act_1983&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: UK legislation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1983/20">Text of the Mental Health Act 1983</a> as in force today (including any amendments) within the United Kingdom, from <a href="/wiki/Legislation.gov.uk" title="Legislation.gov.uk">legislation.gov.uk</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151120051601/http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1983/20/contents">Mental Health Act 1983</a> The complete text of the Act including Mental Health Act 2007 amendments.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070808092110/http://mhact.csip.org.uk/">CSIP Implementation programme for the amended Mental Health Act</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mentalhealthlaw.co.uk/index.php/Mental_Health_Act_1983">Mental Health Act 1983 from WikiMentalHealth</a> Fully amended to take account of the related legislation</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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href="/wiki/Template:UK_mental_health_legislation" title="Template:UK mental health legislation"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:UK_mental_health_legislation" title="Template talk:UK mental health legislation"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:UK_mental_health_legislation" title="Special:EditPage/Template:UK mental health legislation"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Mental_health_law_in_the_United_Kingdom" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Mental health law in the United Kingdom</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">18th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madhouses_Act_1774" title="Madhouses Act 1774">Madhouses Act 1774</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">19th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Criminal_Lunatics_Act_1800" title="Criminal Lunatics Act 1800">Criminal Lunatics Act 1800</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_Asylums_Act_1808" title="County Asylums Act 1808">County Asylums Act 1808</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_of_Lunatics_Act_1811" title="Marriage of Lunatics Act 1811">Marriage of Lunatics Act 1811</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madhouses_(Scotland)_Act_1815&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Madhouses (Scotland) Act 1815 (page does not exist)">Madhouses (Scotland) Act 1815</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Criminal_Lunatics_Amendment_Act_1815&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Criminal Lunatics Amendment Act 1815 (page does not exist)">Criminal Lunatics Amendment Act 1815</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Lunatic_Asylums_for_the_Poor_Act_1817" title="Irish Lunatic Asylums for the Poor Act 1817">Irish Lunatic Asylums for the Poor Act 1817</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pauper_Lunatics_Act_1819&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pauper Lunatics Act 1819 (page does not exist)">Pauper Lunatics Act 1819</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunacy_(Ireland)_Act_1821" title="Lunacy (Ireland) Act 1821">Lunacy (Ireland) Act 1821</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_Asylums_Act_1828" title="County Asylums Act 1828">County Asylums Act 1828</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madhouses_Act_1828&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Madhouses Act 1828 (page does not exist)">Madhouses Act 1828</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chancery_Lunatics_Property_Act_1828&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chancery Lunatics Property Act 1828 (page does not exist)">Chancery Lunatics Property Act 1828</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madhouses_Act_1832&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Madhouses Act 1832 (page does not exist)">Madhouses Act 1832</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_Asylums_Act_1845" class="mw-redirect" title="County Asylums Act 1845">County Asylums Act 1845</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunacy_Act_1845" title="Lunacy Act 1845">Lunacy Act 1845</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunacy_(Scotland)_Act_1857" title="Lunacy (Scotland) Act 1857">Lunacy (Scotland) Act 1857</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idiots_Act_1886" title="Idiots Act 1886">Idiots Act 1886</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunacy_(Vacating_of_Seats)_Act_1886" title="Lunacy (Vacating of Seats) Act 1886">Lunacy (Vacating of Seats) Act 1886</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">20th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mental_Deficiency_Act_1913" title="Mental Deficiency Act 1913">Mental Deficiency Act 1913</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mental_Deficiency_and_Lunacy_(Scotland)_Act_1913&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mental Deficiency and Lunacy (Scotland) Act 1913 (page does not exist)">Mental Deficiency and Lunacy (Scotland) Act 1913</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mental_Treatment_Act_1930" title="Mental Treatment Act 1930">Mental Treatment Act 1930</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mental_Health_Act_1959" title="Mental Health Act 1959">Mental Health Act 1959</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suicide_Act_1961" title="Suicide Act 1961">Suicide Act 1961</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mental Health Act 1983</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">21st century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mental_Capacity_Act_2005" title="Mental Capacity Act 2005">Mental Capacity Act 2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mental_Health_Act_2007" title="Mental Health Act 2007">Mental Health Act 2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mental_Health_(Discrimination)_Act_2013" title="Mental Health (Discrimination) Act 2013">Mental Health (Discrimination) Act 2013</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Public bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commissioners_in_Lunacy" title="Commissioners in Lunacy">Commissioners in Lunacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commissioners_in_Lunacy_for_Scotland" title="Commissioners in Lunacy for Scotland">Commissioners in Lunacy for Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Board_of_Control_for_Lunacy_and_Mental_Deficiency" title="Board of Control for Lunacy and Mental Deficiency">Board of Control for Lunacy and Mental Deficiency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mental_Health_Review_Tribunal_(England_and_Wales)" title="Mental Health Review Tribunal (England and Wales)">Mental Health Review Tribunal (England and Wales)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diminished_responsibility_in_English_law" title="Diminished responsibility in English law">Diminished responsibility in English law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fixated_Threat_Assessment_Centre" title="Fixated Threat Assessment Centre">Fixated Threat Assessment Centre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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