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id="toc-Externa_länkar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innehåll" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Innehållsförteckning" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Växla innehållsförteckningen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Växla innehållsförteckningen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ibn Khaldun</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå till en artikel på ett annat språk. Tillgänglig på 132 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-132" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">132 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Khaldun" title="Ibn Khaldun – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Ibn Khaldun" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Chaldun" title="Ibn Chaldun – schweizertyska" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Ibn Chaldun" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="schweizertyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A5%E1%89%A5%E1%8A%95_%E1%8A%BB%E1%88%8D%E1%8B%B1%E1%8A%95" title="እብን ኻልዱን – amhariska" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="እብን ኻልዱን" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amhariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmärkt artikel"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86" title="ابن خلدون – arabiska" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ابن خلدون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Khaldun" title="Ibn Khaldun – aragonesiska" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Ibn Khaldun" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Jald%C3%BAn" title="Ibn Jaldún – asturiska" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ibn Jaldún" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Jald%C3%BAn" title="Ibn Jaldún – guaraní" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Ibn Jaldún" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmärkt artikel"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0bn_X%C9%99ldun" title="İbn Xəldun – azerbajdzjanska" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İbn Xəldun" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajdzjanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86" title="ابن خلدون – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ابن خلدون" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87_%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8" title="ইবনে খালদুন – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ইবনে খালদুন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Khaldun" title="Ibn Khaldun – min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Ibn Khaldun" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B1%D0%BD_%D0%A5%D3%99%D0%BB%D0%B4%D2%AF%D0%BD" title="Ибн Хәлдүн – basjkiriska" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ибн Хәлдүн" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="basjkiriska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%B1%D0%BD_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Ібн Хальдун – belarusiska" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ібн Хальдун" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%B1%D0%BD_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Ібн Хальдун – belarusiska (tarasjkevitsa)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Ібн Хальдун" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="belarusiska (tarasjkevitsa)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A8" title="इब्न खाल्दून – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="इब्न खाल्दून" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B1%D0%BD_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Ибн Халдун – bulgariska" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ибн Халдун" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn-Haldun" title="Ibn-Haldun – bosniska" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Ibn-Haldun" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Khaldun" title="Ibn Khaldun – bretonska" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Ibn Khaldun" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Khaldun" title="Ibn Khaldun – katalanska" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ibn Khaldun" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Chald%C3%BAn" title="Ibn Chaldún – tjeckiska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ibn Chaldún" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tjeckiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Khaldun" title="Ibn Khaldun – korsikanska" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Ibn Khaldun" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="korsikanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Khaldun" title="Ibn Khaldun – walesiska" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ibn Khaldun" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Khaldun" title="Ibn Khaldun – danska" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ibn Khaldun" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86" title="بن خلدون – marockansk arabiska" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="بن خلدون" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="marockansk arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bra artikel"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Chald%C5%ABn" title="Ibn Chaldūn – tyska" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ibn Chaldūn" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%87%DE%A8%DE%84%DE%B0%DE%82%DE%A8_%DE%9A%DE%A6%DE%8D%DE%B0%DE%8B%DE%AB%DE%82%DE%B0" title="އިބްނި ޚަލްދޫން – divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="އިބްނި ޚަލްދޫން" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Khald%C5%ABn" title="Ibn Khaldūn – estniska" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ibn Khaldūn" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%BD_%CE%A7%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%BD" title="Ιμπν Χαλντούν – grekiska" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ιμπν Χαλντούν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grekiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Khaldun" title="Ibn Khaldun – engelska" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Ibn Khaldun" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Jald%C3%BAn" title="Ibn Jaldún – spanska" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ibn Jaldún" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_%C4%A4aldun" title="Ibn Ĥaldun – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ibn Ĥaldun" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Khaldun" title="Ibn Khaldun – baskiska" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ibn Khaldun" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86" title="ابن خلدون – persiska" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ابن خلدون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Khaldun" title="Ibn Khaldun – Fiji-hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Ibn Khaldun" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji-hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Khaldoun" title="Ibn Khaldoun – franska" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ibn Khaldoun" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Chald%C3%BBn" title="Ibn Chaldûn – västfrisiska" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Ibn Chaldûn" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="västfrisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Khaldun" title="Ibn Khaldun – iriska" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ibn Khaldun" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="iriska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Khald%C3%BAn" title="Ibn Khaldún – galiciska" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ibn Khaldún" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%AC%C2%B7%E5%AE%A2%E6%95%A6" title="伊本·客敦 – gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="伊本·客敦" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EB%B8%90_%ED%95%A0%EB%91%94" title="이븐 할둔 – koreanska" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="이븐 할둔" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Kaldun" title="Ibn Kaldun – hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Ibn Kaldun" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BB%D5%A2%D5%B6_%D4%BD%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%A4%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Իբն Խալդուն – armeniska" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Իբն Խալդուն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A8" title="इब्न खल्दून – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="इब्न खल्दून" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Haldun" title="Ibn Haldun – kroatiska" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ibn Haldun" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibnu_Khaldun" title="Ibnu Khaldun – gorontalo" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Ibnu Khaldun" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="gorontalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Khaldun" title="Ibn Khaldun – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Ibn Khaldun" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Khaldun" title="Ibn Khaldun – iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Ibn Khaldun" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibnu_Khaldun" title="Ibnu Khaldun – indonesiska" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ibnu Khaldun" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Khaldun" title="Ibn Khaldun – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Ibn Khaldun" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Khaldun" title="Ibn Khaldun – isländska" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Ibn Khaldun" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="isländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Khaldun" title="Ibn Khaldun – italienska" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ibn Khaldun" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italienska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%91%D7%9F_%D7%97%27%D7%9C%D7%93%D7%95%D7%9F" title="אבן ח'לדון – hebreiska" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אבן ח'לדון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibnu_Khaldun" title="Ibnu Khaldun – javanesiska" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Ibnu Khaldun" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%91%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%AE%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%93%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="იბნ ხალდუნი – georgiska" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="იბნ ხალდუნი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B1%D0%BD_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Ибн Халдун – kazakiska" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ибн Халдун" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Khaldun" title="Ibn Khaldun – korniska" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Ibn Khaldun" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="korniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Khaldun" title="Ibn Khaldun – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Ibn Khaldun" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Khaldoun" title="Ibn Khaldoun – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Ibn Khaldoun" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Ebn_Xeld%C3%BBn" title="Îbn Xeldûn – kurdiska" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Îbn Xeldûn" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B1%D0%BD_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Ибн Халдун – kirgiziska" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Ибн Халдун" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiziska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Khaldunus" title="Ibn Khaldunus – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ibn Khaldunus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Hald%C5%ABns" title="Ibn Haldūns – lettiska" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ibn Haldūns" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Chald%C5%ABnas" title="Ibn Chaldūnas – litauiska" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Ibn Chaldūnas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Khaldun" title="Ibn Khaldun – lombardiska" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Ibn Khaldun" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Khald%C3%BAn" title="Ibn Khaldún – ungerska" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ibn Khaldún" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungerska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibnu_Khaldun" title="Ibnu Khaldun – maduresiska" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Ibnu Khaldun" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="maduresiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B1%D0%BD_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Ибн Халдун – makedonska" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ибн Халдун" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Khaldoun" title="Ibn Khaldoun – malagassiska" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Ibn Khaldoun" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malagassiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%81_%E0%B4%96%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%82%E0%B5%BB" title="ഇബ്നു ഖൽദൂൻ – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഇബ്നു ഖൽദൂൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%91%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%AE%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%93%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="იბნ ხალდუნი – mingrelianska" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="იბნ ხალდუნი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelianska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86" title="ابن خلدون – egyptisk arabiska" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ابن خلدون" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egyptisk arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86" title="ابن خلدون – mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ابن خلدون" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibnu_Khaldun" title="Ibnu Khaldun – malajiska" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Ibnu Khaldun" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibnu_Khaldun" title="Ibnu Khaldun – minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Ibnu Khaldun" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Khaldun" title="Ibn Khaldun – nederländska" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ibn Khaldun" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%83%96%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%8F%E3%83%AB%E3%83%89%E3%82%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3" title="イブン・ハルドゥーン – japanska" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="イブン・ハルドゥーン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B1%D0%BD_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Ибн Хальдун – tjetjenska" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Ибн Хальдун" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="tjetjenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Khald%C5%ABn" title="Ibn Khaldūn – norskt bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ibn Khaldūn" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norskt bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Khaldun" title="Ibn Khaldun – nynorska" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Ibn Khaldun" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Khaldun" title="Ibn Khaldun – occitanska" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Ibn Khaldun" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Xaldun" title="Ibn Xaldun – uzbekiska" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ibn Xaldun" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbekiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%A8" title="ਇਬਨ ਖ਼ਲਦੂਨ – punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਇਬਨ ਖ਼ਲਦੂਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86" title="ابن خلدون – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ابن خلدون" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86" title="ابن خلدون – pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ابن خلدون" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Khaldun" title="Ibn Khaldun – jamaikansk engelsk kreol" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Ibn Khaldun" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="jamaikansk engelsk kreol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Khaldun" title="Ibn Khaldun – piemontesiska" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Ibn Khaldun" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemontesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Chald%C5%ABn" title="Ibn Chaldūn – lågtyska" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Ibn Chaldūn" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="lågtyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Chaldun" title="Ibn Chaldun – polska" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ibn Chaldun" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%BD_%CE%A7%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%BD" title="Ιμπν Χαλντούν – pontiska" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Ιμπν Χαλντούν" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="pontiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibne_Caldune" title="Ibne Caldune – portugisiska" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ibne Caldune" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0bn_Haldun" title="İbn Haldun – krimtatariska" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="İbn Haldun" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="krimtatariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Khaldun" title="Ibn Khaldun – rumänska" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ibn Khaldun" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumänska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%B1%D0%BD_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Ібн Халдун – rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Ібн Халдун" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B1%D0%BD_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Ибн Хальдун – ryska" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ибн Хальдун" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ryska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%BD%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%AE_%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%B1" title="ᱤᱵᱽᱱᱮ ᱠᱷᱟᱞᱫᱩᱱ – santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱤᱵᱽᱱᱮ ᱠᱷᱟᱞᱫᱩᱱ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86" title="ابن خلدون – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="ابن خلدون" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Halduni" title="Ibn Halduni – albanska" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Ibn Halduni" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Khaldun" title="Ibn Khaldun – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ibn Khaldun" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86" title="ابن خلدون – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ابن خلدون" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Chald%C3%BAn" title="Ibn Chaldún – slovakiska" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ibn Chaldún" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Haldun" title="Ibn Haldun – slovenska" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ibn Haldun" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Khalduun" title="Ibn Khalduun – somaliska" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Ibn Khalduun" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somaliska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AE%DB%95%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%88%D9%86" title="ئیبن خەلدوون – centralkurdiska" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئیبن خەلدوون" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="centralkurdiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B1%D0%BD_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Ибн Халдун – serbiska" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ибн Халдун" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Haldun" title="Ibn Haldun – serbokroatiska" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ibn Haldun" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibnu_Khaldun" title="Ibnu Khaldun – sundanesiska" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Ibnu Khaldun" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Khaldun" title="Ibn Khaldun – finska" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ibn Khaldun" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Khaldun" title="Ibn Khaldun – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Ibn Khaldun" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="இப்னு கல்தூன் – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இப்னு கல்தூன்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Xaldun" title="Ibn Xaldun – tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Ibn Xaldun" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Xeldun" title="Ibn Xeldun – kabyliska" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Ibn Xeldun" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabyliska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B1%D0%BD_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Ибн Халдун – tatariska" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Ибн Халдун" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%87%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%86_%E0%B0%96%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="ఇబ్నె ఖుల్దూన్ – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఇబ్నె ఖుల్దూన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99" title="อิบน์ ค็อลดูน – thailändska" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อิบน์ ค็อลดูน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailändska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Ибни Халдун – tadzjikiska" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ибни Халдун" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadzjikiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmärkt artikel"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0bn_Haldun" title="İbn Haldun – turkiska" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İbn Haldun" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%B1%D0%BD_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Ібн Хальдун – ukrainska" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ібн Хальдун" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86" title="ابن خلدون – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ابن خلدون" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Khaldun" title="Ibn Khaldun – vietnamesiska" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ibn Khaldun" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben_Xhaldoun" title="Ben Xhaldoun – vallonska" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Ben Xhaldoun" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="vallonska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Khaldun" title="Ibn Khaldun – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Ibn Khaldun" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%AC%C2%B7%E8%B5%AB%E5%8B%92%E6%95%A6" title="伊本·赫勒敦 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="伊本·赫勒敦" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%91%D7%9F_%D7%9B%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%93%D7%95%D7%9F" title="איבן כאלדון – jiddisch" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="איבן כאלדון" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jiddisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Khaldun" title="Ibn Khaldun – yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ibn Khaldun" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%AC%C2%B7%E8%B5%AB%E5%8B%92%E6%95%A6" title="伊本·赫勒敦 – kantonesiska" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="伊本·赫勒敦" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bra artikel"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0bn_Xaldun" title="İbn Xaldun – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="İbn Xaldun" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Chald%C5%ABns" title="Ibn Chaldūns – samogitiska" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Ibn Chaldūns" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="samogitiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%AC%C2%B7%E8%B5%AB%E5%8B%92%E6%95%A6" title="伊本·赫勒敦 – kinesiska" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="伊本·赫勒敦" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibnu_Haldun" title="Ibnu Haldun – betawiska" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Ibnu Haldun" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="betawiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibnu_Khaldun" title="Ibnu Khaldun – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Ibnu Khaldun" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Xaldun" title="Ibn Xaldun – talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Ibn Xaldun" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%89%E2%B4%B1%E2%B5%8F_%E2%B5%85%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8D%E2%B4%B7%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%8F" title="ⵉⴱⵏ ⵅⴰⵍⴷⵓⵏ – marockansk standard-tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵉⴱⵏ ⵅⴰⵍⴷⵓⵏ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="marockansk standard-tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q9294#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Redigera interwikilänkar" class="wbc-editpage">Redigera länkar</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namnrymder"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Khaldun" title="Visa innehållssidan [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Diskussion:Ibn_Khaldun" rel="discussion" title="Diskussion om innehållssidan [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input 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.mergedtoprow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedtoprow th{border-top:solid 1px #ccd2d9;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedrow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedrow th{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedbottomrow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedbottomrow th{border-top:0;border-bottom:solid 1px #ccd2d9;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .maptable td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .maptable th{border:0;padding:0}</style><table class="infobox background:steelblue; color:white;" style="border-spacing:3px; width:23.0em"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="padding:2px; text-align:center; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; padding:0.25em; background:steelblue; color:white; font-size:115%;">Abd er Rahman Ibn Khaldoun</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">Född</th><td class="" style=""><a href="/wiki/27_maj" title="27 maj">27 maj</a> <a href="/wiki/1332" title="1332">1332</a></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">Död</th><td class="" style=""><a href="/wiki/19_mars" title="19 mars">19 mars</a> <a href="/wiki/1406" title="1406">1406</a></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">Skola</th><td class="" style="">Malki madhab</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">Intressen</th><td class="" style=""><a href="/wiki/Historiker" title="Historiker">historiker</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Ibn_Khaldoun.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Ibn_Khaldoun.jpg/250px-Ibn_Khaldoun.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="377" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Ibn_Khaldoun.jpg/375px-Ibn_Khaldoun.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Ibn_Khaldoun.jpg/500px-Ibn_Khaldoun.jpg 2x" data-file-width="531" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Staty föreställande <b>Ibn Khaldoun</b> i <a href="/wiki/Tunis" title="Tunis">Tunis</a></figcaption></figure><p><b>Abd er Rahman Ibn Khaldoun</b>, född <a href="/wiki/27_maj" title="27 maj">27 maj</a> <a href="/wiki/1332" title="1332">1332</a> i <a href="/wiki/Tunis" title="Tunis">Tunis</a>, död <a href="/wiki/19_mars" title="19 mars">19 mars</a> <a href="/wiki/1406" title="1406">1406</a> i <a href="/wiki/Kairo" title="Kairo">Kairo</a>, var en <a href="/wiki/Arab" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab">arabisk</a> <a href="/wiki/Historiker" title="Historiker">historiker</a>, politiker och samhällsfilosof. Han har kallats arabernas <a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Marx</a>, och räknas som en av <a href="/wiki/Historiografi" title="Historiografi">historiografins</a> och <a href="/wiki/Sociologi" title="Sociologi">sociologins</a> fäder. Hans verk om historia, samhällsvetenskap och ekonomi räknas till vetenskapens klassiker. </p><p>Hans fullständiga namn var ابو زيد عبد الرحمن بن محمد بن خلدون الحضرمي, Abū Zayd ‘Abdu r-Raḥman bin Muḥammad bin Khaldūn al-Ḥaḍramī; </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biografi">Biografi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Khaldun&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitt: Biografi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Khaldun&action=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Biografi"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Eftersom Ibn Khaldoun skrev en grundlig självbiografi, finns många säkra uppgifter om hans liv. Han föddes i Tunis 1332. Enligt hans egen släktkrönika kom familjen från <a href="/wiki/Hadramawt" title="Hadramawt">Hadramawt</a> i <a href="/wiki/Sydarabien" title="Sydarabien">Sydarabien</a>. Familjen var förmögen och mycket ansedd efter förfädernas insatser vid <a href="/w/index.php?title=Slaget_i_Zellaqa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Slaget i Zellaqa [inte skriven än]">slaget i Zellaqa</a> <a href="/wiki/1086" title="1086">1086</a>, och hade bosatt sig i <a href="/wiki/Spanien" title="Spanien">Spanien</a> under <a href="/wiki/Morer" title="Morer">morernas</a> regentskap. De tillhörde dem som utvandrade till Tunis vid den stora utvandringen <a href="/wiki/1230" title="1230">1230</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Inledning_och_sammanhang#Förklara_sammanhanget" title="Wikipedia:Inledning och sammanhang">[<span title="Reconquista? Vad hände 1230? (2016-01)"><i>förtydliga</i></span>]</a></sup>, och blev genom ingifte släkt med kungahuset där. </p><p>Hans fader ombesörjde att han fick en gedigen utbildning, om vilket han redogör noggrant för i självbiografin. <a href="/wiki/1348" title="1348">1348</a> drabbades staden av <a href="/wiki/Digerd%C3%B6den" title="Digerdöden">digerdöden</a>, och båda föräldrarna omkom. Vid tjugo års ålder anställdes han som alma-skrivare, kalligraf och ansvarig för de kungliga sigillerna, hos <a href="/wiki/Sultan" title="Sultan">sultanen</a> i staden, men flyttade till <a href="/wiki/Marocko" title="Marocko">Marocko</a> på grund av de politiska förvecklingarna, studerade vid universitetet i <a href="/wiki/Fez" title="Fez">Fez</a>, och var monarkens handsekreterare. </p><p>Han satt två år i fängelse för politiska intriger och frigavs enligt legenden för att han skrev en dikt till sultanen. Efter frigivningen blev han en framgångsrik talare, politiker, lärd och skald, men vid omkring trettio års ålder tvingades han gå i landsflykt, och begav sig till <a href="/wiki/Emiratet_av_Granada" class="mw-redirect" title="Emiratet av Granada">Emiratet av Granada</a>, och sedan till furstendömet <a href="/wiki/Bougie" title="Bougie">Bougie</a> i nuvarande <a href="/wiki/Algeriet" title="Algeriet">Algeriet</a>. Den politiska arenan var inpyrd av maktövertaganden, samt hänsynslösa och blodiga konflikter, och Ibn Khaldoun var en eftersökt person för olika högre ämbeten i stora delar av den arabiska världen. I Granada var han en av sultanen <a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammed_V_av_Granada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muhammed V av Granada [inte skriven än]">Muhammed V</a>:s vänner och anlitades som <a href="/wiki/Diplomat" title="Diplomat">diplomat</a>, men blev än mera känd för de dikter han skrev för olika litterära sammankomster. Under denna tid tillkom dels kommentarer till <a href="/wiki/Averro%C3%ABs" title="Averroës">Averroës</a> filosofi och en lärobok i logik. Trots att han levde lättsamt och flärdfullt i Granada, begav han sig till Bougie där en statskupp nyligen ägt rum. Han gjorde det efter en direkt förfrågan av kung Abu Abdallah om han vill leda staden som dennes minister. Efter ytterligare oroligheter, bad folket i staden honom att bli deras regent, men han avböjde. </p><p>1366-1370 verkade han som diplomat och var därefter statsråd i det lilla kungadömet <a href="/wiki/Tlemcen" title="Tlemcen">Tlemcen</a>, som nästan omedelbart intogs av Marocko sedan han tillträtt. Efter ett uppehåll i <a href="/wiki/Biskra" title="Biskra">Biskra</a>, kom han så småningom till Fez, jagad som en av de främsta politikerna i det våldsamma området, vilket oundvikligen innebar att han hade fiender. </p><p>En avgörande händelse i Ibn Khaldouns liv var när hans diktarvän, en <a href="/wiki/Vesir" title="Vesir">vesir</a> från Granada, dödades som kättare i Fez av Muhammed V av Granada, varmed han efter flera svåra personliga och politiska misslyckanden för alltid lämnade statsmannalivet för att skriva. Han hamnade till slut i Tunis och därefter drog han sig tillbaka i bergen, och påbörjade han sin <i>Allmänna världshistoria</i>. Till denna tillfogade han en omfattande inledning, <i>al-Mukaddima</i>, som bestod av tre delar. Bara den första delen av inledningen upptar 422 sidor. </p><p>Under tiden han skrev historieverket återvände han till Tunis för några år, men begav sig 1382 till <a href="/wiki/Alexandria" title="Alexandria">Alexandria</a> där han blev berömd för sin kunskap och sitt intellekt, och utsågs därför till överdomare. Två år senare omkom hans barn och maka i en fartygsolycka. I hans självbiografi är detta ett av de fåtal gånger han alls nämner sin familj. </p><p>Därefter begav han sig till <a href="/wiki/Mecka" title="Mecka">Mecka</a> på <a href="/wiki/Pilgrimsf%C3%A4rd" class="mw-redirect" title="Pilgrimsfärd">pilgrimsfärd</a>. Han återkom först 1388 till <a href="/wiki/Kairo" title="Kairo">Kairo</a>. </p><p>1401 deltog han i strid mot <a href="/wiki/Timur_Lenk" title="Timur Lenk">Timur Lenk</a> i <a href="/wiki/Damaskus" title="Damaskus">Damaskus</a>, men härföraren, sultan Faraj, övergav armén. Ibn Khaldoun tog sig då an att förhandla med Timur Lenk, om vilken han redan skrivit i sitt historieverk. Under återstoden av sitt liv fullföljde ibn Khaldun sin självbiografi. </p><p>Han dog i Egypten 1406. Platsen där hans hus i Tunis låg, kan människor ännu peka ut, men graven i Kairo är borta. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verk">Verk</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Khaldun&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitt: Verk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Khaldun&action=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Verk"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kitābu l-ʕibār (ordagrant "Boken om bevis" eller <i>Allmän världshistoria</i>) är Ibn Khaldouns mest berömda verk. Den består av sju delar, av vilka förordet <i>Muqaddimah</i> ibland ses som självständig. Kitābu l-ʕibār behandlar <a href="/wiki/Araber" title="Araber">arabernas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perser" title="Perser">persernas</a> och <a href="/wiki/Berber" title="Berber">berbernas</a> och deras samtidas historia. </p><p>Det är dock framför allt förordet, <i>Muqaddimah</i> (även <i>Prolegomena</i>), som han blivit namnkunnig för. I detta beskriver han syftet med historievetenskapen och menar att historia ska beskriva samhället och dess individer. Solidariteten, <i>asabijja</i>, är vad som betingar skeendena, menar han, varför han även inbegriper socio-ekonomiska aspekter i sin framställning. I detta var han långt modernare än historiografin i Europa, för vilken historieskrivningen uteslutande handlade om ledare och regenter, fram till omkring 1700-talet. </p><p>Förordet gavs ut på svenska 1989: <i>Prolegomena: en introduktion till världshistorien </i>i översättning av <a href="/wiki/Ingvar_Rydberg" title="Ingvar Rydberg">Ingvar Rydberg</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografi">Bibliografi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Khaldun&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitt: Bibliografi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Khaldun&action=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Bibliografi"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFIbn_Khaldūn1989">Ibn Khaldūn (1989). <i><span>Prolegomena: en introduktion till världshistorien</span></i>. Alhambras klassiker, 99-0903115-9. Översättning: <a href="/wiki/Ingvar_Rydberg" title="Ingvar Rydberg">Ingvar Rydberg</a>. Lund: Alhambra. <a href="/wiki/Libris_(bibliotekskatalog)" title="Libris (bibliotekskatalog)">Libris</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libris.kb.se/bib/7766011">7766011</a>. <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/9187680076" title="Special:Bokkällor/9187680076">ISBN 9187680076</a></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Prolegomena%3A+en+introduktion+till+v%C3%A4rldshistorien&rft.aulast=Ibn+Khald%C5%ABn&rft.au=Ibn+Khald%C5%ABn&rft.date=1989&rft.series=Alhambras+klassiker%2C+99-0903115-9&rft.place=Lund&rft.pub=Alhambra&rft.isbn=9187680076&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Ibn_Khaldun"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Källor"><span id="K.C3.A4llor"></span>Källor</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Khaldun&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitt: Källor" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Khaldun&action=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Källor"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Yves Lacoste, <i>Ibn Khaldoun – en essä om fattigdomens uppkomst</i>, orig. <i>Ibn Khaldoun. Naissance de l’histoire, passé du tiers-monde</i>, övers. Gunnela Krosness och Karl-Olov Nordelius, Bokförlaget PAN/Norstedts Stockholm 1971, orig. 1966</li> <li>Carl Elof Svenning, <i>Ibn Chaldun</i>, Internationella bokklubben Lidingö 1957</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externa_länkar"><span id="Externa_l.C3.A4nkar"></span>Externa länkar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Khaldun&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitt: Externa länkar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Khaldun&action=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Externa länkar"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><div style="display: inline;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/15px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/30px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span> Wikiquote har citat av eller om <a href="https://sv.wikiquote.org/wiki/Ibn_Khaldun" class="extiw" title="q:Ibn Khaldun">Ibn Khaldun</a>.<div class="interProject wikiquote" style="display:none;"><a href="https://sv.wikiquote.org/wiki/Ibn_Khaldun" class="extiw" title="q:Ibn Khaldun">Citat</a></div></div></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.muslimphilosophy.com/ik/Muqaddimah/">Complete Muqaddimah/Kitab al-Ibar in English (without Chapter V, 13)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040624080750/http://www.isidore-of-seville.com/ibnkhaldun/">Ibn Khaldun on the Web</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobsnews.blogspot.com/1993/11/growths-of-civilizations.html#ibn_khaldun">Ibn Khaldūn, from Arnold Toynbee, <i>A Study of History</i> vol. iii, III. C. II. (b), p. 321</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r56287950">.mw-parser-output table.navbox{border:#aaa 1px solid;width:100%;margin:auto;margin-top:1em;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output link+table.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output table.navbox th{text-align:center;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title button,.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title .mw-collapsible-text,.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title a{color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .nowraplinks a,.mw-parser-output .nowraplinks .selflink{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;font-weight:bold;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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/></div><table class="navbox-inner navbox-subgroup" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;;;;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Antiken</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Aristoteles" title="Aristoteles">Aristoteles</a> • <a href="/wiki/Chanakya" title="Chanakya">Chanakya</a> • <a href="/wiki/Cicero" title="Cicero">Cicero</a> • <a href="/wiki/Han_Feizi" title="Han Feizi">Han Feizi</a> • <a href="/wiki/Konfucius" title="Konfucius">Konfucius</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mencius" title="Mencius">Mencius</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mozi" title="Mozi">Mozi</a> • <a href="/wiki/Platon" title="Platon">Platon</a> • <a href="/wiki/Shang_Yang" title="Shang Yang">Shang</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sun_Zi" title="Sun Zi">Sun Zi</a> • <a href="/wiki/Thukydides" title="Thukydides">Thukydides</a> • <a href="/wiki/Xenofon" title="Xenofon">Xenofon</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Medeltiden</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Al_Farabi" title="Al Farabi">Al Farabi</a> • <a href="/wiki/Thomas_av_Aquino" title="Thomas av Aquino">Aquino</a> • <a href="/wiki/Averro%C3%ABs" title="Averroës">Averroës</a> • <a href="/wiki/Leonardo_Bruni" title="Leonardo Bruni">Bruni</a> • <a href="/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri">Dante</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gelasius_I" title="Gelasius I">Gelasius</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Ghazali" title="Mohammad Ghazali">Ghazali</a> • <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ibn Khaldun</a> • <a href="/wiki/Muhammed" title="Muhammed">Muhammed</a> • <a href="/wiki/William_Ockham" title="William Ockham">Ockham</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Tidigmodern tid</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_de_La_Bo%C3%A9tie" title="Étienne de La Boétie">Boétie</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jean_Bodin" title="Jean Bodin">Bodin</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jacques-B%C3%A9nigne_Bossuet" title="Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet">Bossuet</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jean_Calvin" title="Jean Calvin">Calvin</a> • <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Grotius" title="Hugo Grotius">Grotius</a> • <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hobbes" title="Thomas Hobbes">Hobbes</a> • <a href="/wiki/John_Locke" title="John Locke">Locke</a> • <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther" title="Martin Luther">Luther</a> • <a href="/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli" title="Niccolò Machiavelli">Machiavelli</a> • <a href="/wiki/John_Milton" title="John Milton">Milton</a> • <a href="/wiki/Thomas_More" title="Thomas More">More</a> • <a href="/wiki/Samuel_von_Pufendorf" title="Samuel von Pufendorf">Pufendorf</a> • <a href="/wiki/Baruch_Spinoza" title="Baruch Spinoza">Spinoza</a> • <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Su%C3%A1rez" title="Francisco Suárez">Suárez</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">17- och 18-<br />hundratalen</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Michail_Bakunin" title="Michail Bakunin">Bakunin</a> • <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Bastiat" title="Frédéric Bastiat">Bastiat</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Bentham" title="Jeremy Bentham">Bentham</a> • <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Burke" title="Edmund Burke">Burke</a> • <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Carlyle" title="Thomas Carlyle">Carlyle</a> • <a href="/wiki/Auguste_Comte" title="Auguste Comte">Comte</a> • <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_de_Condorcet" title="Nicolas de Condorcet">Condorcet</a> • <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Constant" title="Benjamin Constant">Constant</a> • <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Engels" title="Friedrich Engels">Engels</a> • <a href="/wiki/Johann_Gottlieb_Fichte" title="Johann Gottlieb Fichte">Fichte</a> • <a href="/wiki/Charles_Fourier" title="Charles Fourier">Fourier</a> • <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin">Franklin</a> • <a href="/wiki/William_Godwin" title="William Godwin">Godwin</a> • <a href="/wiki/Georg_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Hegel" title="Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel">Hegel</a> • <a href="/wiki/Johann_Gottfried_Herder" title="Johann Gottfried Herder">Herder</a> • <a href="/wiki/David_Hume" title="David Hume">Hume</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Iqbal" title="Mohammad Iqbal">Iqbal</a> • <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Jefferson</a> • <a href="/wiki/Immanuel_Kant" title="Immanuel Kant">Kant</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gustave_Le_Bon" title="Gustave Le Bon">Le Bon</a> • <a href="/wiki/Joseph_de_Maistre" title="Joseph de Maistre">Maistre</a> • <a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Marx</a> • <a href="/wiki/John_Stuart_Mill" title="John Stuart Mill">Mill</a> • <a href="/wiki/Charles-Louis_de_Secondat_Montesquieu" title="Charles-Louis de Secondat Montesquieu">Montesquieu</a> • <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Nietzsche" title="Friedrich Nietzsche">Nietzsche</a> • <a href="/wiki/Robert_Owen" title="Robert Owen">Owen</a> • <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Paine" title="Thomas Paine">Paine</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Renan" title="Ernest Renan">Renan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Rousseau" title="Jean-Jacques Rousseau">Rousseau</a> • <a href="/wiki/Henri_de_Saint-Simon" title="Henri de Saint-Simon">Saint-Simon</a> • <a href="/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith">Smith</a> • <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Spencer" title="Herbert Spencer">Spencer</a> • <a href="/wiki/Germaine_de_Sta%C3%ABl" title="Germaine de Staël">de Staël</a> • <a href="/wiki/Max_Stirner" title="Max Stirner">Stirner</a> • <a href="/wiki/Hippolyte_Taine" title="Hippolyte Taine">Taine</a> • <a href="/wiki/Henry_David_Thoreau" title="Henry David Thoreau">Thoreau</a> • <a href="/wiki/Alexis_de_Tocqueville" title="Alexis de Tocqueville">Tocqueville</a> • <a href="/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire">Voltaire</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">19- och 20-<br />hundratalen</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Agamben" title="Giorgio Agamben">Agamben</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bhimrao_Ramji_Ambedkar" title="Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar">Ambedkar</a> • <a href="/wiki/Hannah_Arendt" title="Hannah Arendt">Arendt</a> • <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Aron" title="Raymond Aron">Aron</a> • <a href="/wiki/Alain_de_Benoist" title="Alain de Benoist">Benoist</a> • <a href="/wiki/Isaiah_Berlin" title="Isaiah Berlin">Berlin</a> • <a href="/wiki/Eduard_Bernstein" title="Eduard Bernstein">Bernstein</a> • <a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Chomsky</a> • <a href="/wiki/W.E.B._Du_Bois" title="W.E.B. Du Bois">Du Bois</a> • <a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Dugin" title="Aleksandr Dugin">Dugin</a> • <a href="/wiki/Julius_Evola" title="Julius Evola">Evola</a> • <a href="/wiki/Michel_Foucault" title="Michel Foucault">Foucault</a> • <a href="/wiki/Erich_Fromm" title="Erich Fromm">Fromm</a> • <a href="/wiki/Francis_Fukuyama" title="Francis Fukuyama">Fukuyama</a> • <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Gentile" title="Giovanni Gentile">Gentile</a> • <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Gramsci" title="Antonio Gramsci">Gramsci</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Gu%C3%A9non" title="René Guénon">Guénon</a> • <a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCrgen_Habermas" title="Jürgen Habermas">Habermas</a> • <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_von_Hayek" title="Friedrich von Hayek">Hayek</a> • <a href="/wiki/Hans-Hermann_Hoppe" title="Hans-Hermann Hoppe">Hoppe</a> • <a href="/wiki/Samuel_P._Huntington" title="Samuel P. Huntington">Huntington</a> • <a href="/wiki/Russell_Kirk" title="Russell Kirk">Kirk</a> • <a href="/wiki/Pjotr_Kropotkin" title="Pjotr Kropotkin">Kropotkin</a> • <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Lenin" title="Vladimir Lenin">Lenin</a> • <a href="/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg" title="Rosa Luxemburg">Luxemburg</a> • <a href="/wiki/Harvey_Mansfield" title="Harvey Mansfield">Mansfield</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mao_Zedong" title="Mao Zedong">Mao</a> • <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Marcuse" title="Herbert Marcuse">Marcuse</a> • <a href="/wiki/Charles_Maurras" title="Charles Maurras">Maurras</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_von_Mises" title="Ludwig von Mises">Mises</a> • <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Negri" title="Antonio Negri">Negri</a> • <a href="/wiki/Robert_Nozick" title="Robert Nozick">Nozick</a> • <a href="/wiki/Martha_Nussbaum" title="Martha Nussbaum">Nussbaum</a> • <a href="/wiki/Michael_Oakeshott" title="Michael Oakeshott">Oakeshott</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ortega_y_Gasset" title="José Ortega y Gasset">Ortega</a> • <a href="/wiki/Vilfredo_Pareto" title="Vilfredo Pareto">Pareto</a> • <a href="/wiki/Karl_Popper" title="Karl Popper">Popper</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sayyid_Qutb" title="Sayyid Qutb">Qutb</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ayn_Rand" title="Ayn Rand">Rand</a> • <a href="/wiki/John_Rawls" title="John Rawls">Rawls</a> • <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_R%C3%B6pke" title="Wilhelm Röpke">Röpke</a> • <a href="/wiki/Murray_Rothbard" title="Murray Rothbard">Rothbard</a> • <a href="/wiki/Carl_Schmitt" title="Carl Schmitt">Schmitt</a> • <a href="/wiki/Roger_Scruton" title="Roger Scruton">Scruton</a> • <a href="/wiki/Georges_Sorel" title="Georges Sorel">Sorel</a> • <a href="/wiki/Oswald_Spengler" title="Oswald Spengler">Spengler</a> • <a href="/wiki/Leo_Strauss" title="Leo Strauss">Strauss</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sun_Yat-sen" title="Sun Yat-sen">Sun</a> • <a href="/wiki/Eric_Voegelin" title="Eric Voegelin">Voegelin</a> • <a href="/wiki/Max_Weber" title="Max Weber">Weber</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Verk</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><i><a href="/wiki/Staten_(Platon)" title="Staten (Platon)">Staten</a></i> <span style="font-size:90%;">(ca 375 f.Kr.)</span> • <i><a href="/wiki/Politiken" title="Politiken">Politiken</a></i> <span style="font-size:90%;">(ca 350 f.Kr.)</span> • <i><a href="/wiki/Fursten" title="Fursten">Fursten</a></i> <span style="font-size:90%;">(1532)</span> • <i><a href="/wiki/Leviathan_(Thomas_Hobbes)" title="Leviathan (Thomas Hobbes)">Leviathan</a></i> <span style="font-size:90%;">(1651)</span> • <i><a href="/wiki/De_l%27esprit_des_lois" title="De l'esprit des lois">Om lagarnas anda</a></i> <span style="font-size:90%;">(1748)</span> • <i><a href="/wiki/Om_samh%C3%A4llsf%C3%B6rdraget" title="Om samhällsfördraget">Om samhällsfördraget</a></i> <span style="font-size:90%;">(1762)</span> • <i><a href="/wiki/Reflektioner_om_franska_revolutionen" title="Reflektioner om franska revolutionen">Reflektioner om franska revolutionen</a></i> <span style="font-size:90%;">(1790)</span> • <i><a href="/wiki/Grundlinien_der_Philosophie_des_Rechts" title="Grundlinien der Philosophie des Rechts">Rättsfilosofins grunddrag</a></i> <span style="font-size:90%;">(1820)</span> • <i><a href="/wiki/Kommunistiska_manifestet" title="Kommunistiska manifestet">Kommunistiska manifestet</a></i> <span style="font-size:90%;">(1848)</span> • <i><a href="/wiki/Om_friheten" title="Om friheten">Om friheten</a></i> <span style="font-size:90%;">(1859)</span> • <i><a href="/wiki/Massornas_uppror" title="Massornas uppror">Massornas uppror</a></i> <span style="font-size:90%;">(1929)</span> • <i><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4gen_till_tr%C3%A4ldom" title="Vägen till träldom">Vägen till träldom</a></i> <span style="font-size:90%;">(1944)</span> • <i><a href="/wiki/Det_%C3%B6ppna_samh%C3%A4llet_och_dess_fiender" title="Det öppna samhället och dess fiender">Det öppna samhället och dess fiender</a></i> <span style="font-size:90%;">(1945)</span> • <i><a href="/wiki/En_teori_om_r%C3%A4ttvisa" title="En teori om rättvisa">En teori om rättvisa</a></i> <span style="font-size:90%;">(1971)</span></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Se även</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Auktoritarianism" title="Auktoritarianism">Auktoritarianism</a> • <a href="/wiki/De_politiska_id%C3%A9ernas_historia" title="De politiska idéernas historia">De politiska idéernas historia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Egalitarism" title="Egalitarism">Egalitarism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ekonomikritik" title="Ekonomikritik">Ekonomikritik</a> • <a href="/wiki/Elitism" title="Elitism">Elitism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Elitteori" title="Elitteori">Elitteori</a> • <a href="/wiki/GAL%E2%80%93TAN" title="GAL–TAN">GAL–TAN</a> • <a href="/wiki/Politiskt_spektrum" title="Politiskt spektrum">Politiskt spektrum</a> (<a href="/wiki/Politisk_v%C3%A4nster" title="Politisk vänster">Vänster</a> • <a href="/wiki/Politisk_mitt" title="Politisk mitt">Mitt</a> • <a href="/wiki/Politisk_h%C3%B6ger" title="Politisk höger">Höger</a>) • <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A4ttsfilosofi" title="Rättsfilosofi">Rättsfilosofi</a> • <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A4ttsvetenskap" title="Rättsvetenskap">Rättsvetenskap</a> • <a href="/wiki/Separatism_(statsvetenskap)" title="Separatism (statsvetenskap)">Separatism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Etatism" title="Etatism">Statism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Totalitarism" title="Totalitarism">Totalitarism</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style=";" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Politisk_filosofi" title="Kategori:Politisk filosofi">Kategori:Politisk filosofi</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r56287950" /><table class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0; ;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table class="navbox-inner collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"><tbody><tr><th style="background:#9BE89B;;" colspan="2" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:3em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal; font-size:80%; border:none;; color: inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Mall:Islamisk_filosofi_och_teologi" title="Mall:Islamisk filosofi och teologi"><span title="Visa denna mall" style="border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mall:Islamisk_filosofi_och_teologi&action=edit"><span style="border:none;;" title="Redigera den här mallen">r</span></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Islamisk_filosofi" title="Islamisk filosofi">Islamisk filosofi</a> och <a href="/w/index.php?title=Islamisk_teologi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Islamisk teologi [inte skriven än]">teologi</a></span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BE89B;;;">Teologiska skolor</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Ashariter" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashariter">Ashariter</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Liberal_islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal islam">Liberal islam</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Mu%27taziliter" title="Mu'taziliter">Mu'taziliter</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Murjiter" title="Murjiter">Murjiter</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Imamiter" class="mw-redirect" title="Imamiter">Imamiter</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Ismailiter" title="Ismailiter">Ismailiter</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BE89B;;;">Filosofiska skolor</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Avicenna" title="Avicenna">Avicennism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Averro%C3%ABs" title="Averroës">Averroism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Shihab_al-din_Suhrawardi" title="Shihab al-din Suhrawardi">Illuminationistisk filosofi</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Mulla_Sadra" title="Mulla Sadra">Transcendent teosofi</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Traditionella_skolan" title="Traditionella skolan">Traditionella skolan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Ibn_%27Arabi" title="Ibn 'Arabi">Sufisk metafysik</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sufisk_kosmologi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sufisk kosmologi [inte skriven än]">Sufisk kosmologi</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BE89B;;;">Teologer</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/De_tolv_imamerna" title="De tolv imamerna">De tolv imamerna</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Abu_Hanifa" title="Abu Hanifa">Abu Hanifa</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Ghazali" title="Mohammad Ghazali">Ghazali</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Al-Jahiz" title="Al-Jahiz">Al-Jahiz</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Ali_al-Masudi" title="Ali al-Masudi">al-Masudi</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Alhazen" title="Alhazen">Alhazen</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Biruni" title="Biruni">Biruni</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Averro%C3%ABs" title="Averroës">Averroës</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Nafis" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn al-Nafis">Ibn al-Nafis</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ibn Khaldun</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Nasir_al-Din_al-Tusi" title="Nasir al-Din al-Tusi">al-Tusi</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Baqir_Majlisi" title="Muhammad Baqir Majlisi">Majlisi</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Jafar_Sobhani" title="Jafar Sobhani">Sobhani</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Ruhollah_Khomeini" title="Ruhollah Khomeini">Khomeini</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BE89B;;;">Filosofer</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Rawandi" title="Ibn al-Rawandi">Ibn al-Rawandi</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ibn Khaldun</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Al-Kindi" title="Al-Kindi">Al-Kindi</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Al_Farabi" title="Al Farabi">Al Farabi</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Razi" title="Razi">Razi</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Avicenna" title="Avicenna">Avicenna</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Ayn_al-Quzat_Hamadani" title="Ayn al-Quzat Hamadani">Hamadani</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Averro%C3%ABs" title="Averroës">Averroës</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Shihab_al-din_Suhrawardi" title="Shihab al-din Suhrawardi">Suhrawardi</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Ibn_%27Arabi" title="Ibn 'Arabi">Ibn 'Arabi</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Gu%C3%A9non" title="René Guénon">René Guénon</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Frithjof_Schuon" title="Frithjof Schuon">Frithjof Schuon</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Seyyed_Hossein_Nasr" title="Seyyed Hossein Nasr">Seyyed Hossein Nasr</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Mulla_Sadra" title="Mulla Sadra">Mulla Sadra</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Allameh_Tabatabaei" title="Allameh Tabatabaei">Allameh Tabatabaei</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Iqbal" title="Mohammad Iqbal">Mohammad Iqbal</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Abdolkarim_Soroush" title="Abdolkarim Soroush">Abdolkarim Soroush</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r56287950" /><table cellspacing="0" class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks hlist auktoritetsdata navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/Auktoritetsdata" title="Auktoritetsdata">Auktoritetsdata</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em;"> • <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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