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<span>Functions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Functions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Council" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Council"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Council</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Council-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Style_and_title" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Style_and_title"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Style and title</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Style_and_title-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flag_and_insignia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flag_and_insignia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Flag and insignia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flag_and_insignia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Residence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Residence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Residence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Residence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>List</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Governor-General of India</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 39 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-39" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">39 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF" title="الحاكم العام للهند – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الحاكم العام للهند" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2" title="ভারতের গভর্নর-জেনারেল – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ভারতের গভর্নর-জেনারেল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB-%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%86%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%96" title="Генерал-губернатар Індыі – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Генерал-губернатар Індыі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB-%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Генерал-губернатор на Индия – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Генерал-губернатор на Индия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generalgouverneur_und_Vizek%C3%B6nig_von_Indien" title="Generalgouverneur und Vizekönig von Indien – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Generalgouverneur und Vizekönig von Indien" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gobernador_general_de_la_India" title="Gobernador general de la India – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gobernador general de la India" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiako_Gobernadore_Orokorra" title="Indiako Gobernadore Orokorra – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Indiako Gobernadore Orokorra" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A8%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%86%D9%87_%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF" title="نایب‌السلطنه هند – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نایب‌السلطنه هند" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gouverneur_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral_des_Indes" title="Gouverneur général des Indes – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Gouverneur général des Indes" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EB%8F%84_%EC%B4%9D%EB%8F%85" title="인도 총독 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="인도 총독" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2" title="भारत के महाराज्यपाल – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="भारत के महाराज्यपाल" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gubernur_Jenderal_India" title="Gubernur Jenderal India – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gubernur Jenderal India" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governatore_generale_dell%27India" title="Governatore generale dell'India – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Governatore generale dell'India" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9C%D7%99_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%95%D7%93%D7%95" title="המושל הכללי של הודו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="המושל הכללי של הודו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AD%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%A6_%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D" title="ಭಾರತದ ಗವರ್ನರ್ ಜನರಲ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಭಾರತದ ಗವರ್ನರ್ ಜನರಲ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A-%E1%83%92%E1%83%A3%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ინდოეთის გენერალ-გუბერნატორი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ინდოეთის გენერალ-გუბერნატორი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2" title="भारतक महाराज्यपाल – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="भारतक महाराज्यपाल" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%86_%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%BC_%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%BD" title="ഇന്ത്യയുടെ ഗവർണർ ജനറൽ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഇന്ത്യയുടെ ഗവർണർ ജനറൽ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A-%E1%83%92%E1%83%A3%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ინდოეთიშ გენერალ-გუბერნატორი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ინდოეთიშ გენერალ-გუბერნატორი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gouverneur-generaal_van_Brits-Indi%C3%AB" title="Gouverneur-generaal van Brits-Indië – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Gouverneur-generaal van Brits-Indië" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E7%B7%8F%E7%9D%A3" title="インド総督 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="インド総督" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generalguvern%C3%B8rer_og_visekonger_av_India" title="Generalguvernører og visekonger av India – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Generalguvernører og visekonger av India" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%B0-%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%B2" title="ਭਾਰਤ ਦਾ ਗਵਰਨਰ-ਜਰਨਲ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਭਾਰਤ ਦਾ ਗਵਰਨਰ-ਜਰਨਲ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AF%D8%A7_%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B1_%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%84" title="ہندستان دا گورنر جنرل – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ہندستان دا گورنر جنرل" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wicekr%C3%B3lowie_Indii" title="Wicekrólowie Indii – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wicekrólowie Indii" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governador-Geral_da_%C3%8Dndia_Brit%C3%A2nica" title="Governador-Geral da Índia Britânica – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Governador-Geral da Índia Britânica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB-%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Генерал-губернатор Индии – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Генерал-губернатор Индии" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor-General_of_India" title="Governor-General of India – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Governor-General of India" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5" title="Генерални гувернер Индије – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Генерални гувернер Индије" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intian_varakuningas_ja_kenraalikuvern%C3%B6%C3%B6ri" title="Intian varakuningas ja kenraalikuvernööri – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Intian varakuningas ja kenraalikuvernööri" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiens_generalguvern%C3%B6r" title="Indiens generalguvernör – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Indiens generalguvernör" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88_%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="இந்தியத் தலைமை ஆளுநர் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இந்தியத் தலைமை ஆளுநர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AD%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4_%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%81_%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D" title="భారత గవర్నరు జనరల్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="భారత గవర్నరు జనరల్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="ผู้สำเร็จราชการอินเดีย – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ผู้สำเร็จราชการอินเดีย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB-%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%86%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%96%D1%97" title="Генерал-губернатор Індії – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Генерал-губернатор Індії" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B1_%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%84_%DB%81%D9%86%D8%AF" title="گورنر جنرل ہند – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="گورنر جنرل ہند" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/To%C3%A0n_quy%E1%BB%81n_%E1%BA%A4n_%C4%90%E1%BB%99" title="Toàn quyền Ấn Độ – Vietnamese" lang="vi" 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Viceroy_of_India&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Viceroy of India">Viceroy of India</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Representative of the Indian monarch</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Viceroy of India" redirects here. For viceroys and governors of Portuguese India, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Portuguese_India" title="List of governors of Portuguese India">List of governors of Portuguese India</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a list of the office holders during the British Raj, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_governors-general_of_India" title="List of governors-general of India">List of governors-general of India</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For previous similar titles from 1680–1758, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Bengal_Presidency" title="List of governors of Bengal Presidency">List of governors of Bengal Presidency</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%;">Viceroy and Governor-General of India</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="padding-bottom:0.4em; border-bottom:solid 1px #ccd2d9;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Governor-General_of_India_(1885%E2%80%931947).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_Governor-General_of_India_%281885%E2%80%931947%29.svg/150px-Flag_of_the_Governor-General_of_India_%281885%E2%80%931947%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_Governor-General_of_India_%281885%E2%80%931947%29.svg/225px-Flag_of_the_Governor-General_of_India_%281885%E2%80%931947%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_Governor-General_of_India_%281885%E2%80%931947%29.svg/300px-Flag_of_the_Governor-General_of_India_%281885%E2%80%931947%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Standard during the <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British Raj</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="padding-bottom:0.4em; border-bottom:solid 1px #ccd2d9;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Governor-General_of_India_(1947%E2%80%931950).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_the_Governor-General_of_India_%281947%E2%80%931950%29.svg/150px-Flag_of_the_Governor-General_of_India_%281947%E2%80%931950%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_the_Governor-General_of_India_%281947%E2%80%931950%29.svg/225px-Flag_of_the_Governor-General_of_India_%281947%E2%80%931950%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_the_Governor-General_of_India_%281947%E2%80%931950%29.svg/300px-Flag_of_the_Governor-General_of_India_%281947%E2%80%931950%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Standard during the <a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_India" title="Dominion of India">Dominion of India</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Style_(form_of_address)" title="Style (form of address)">Style</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/His_Excellency" class="mw-redirect" title="His Excellency">His Excellency</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Official_residence" title="Official residence">Residence</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Raj_Bhavan,_Kolkata" title="Raj Bhavan, Kolkata">Government House</a> (1858–1931)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashtrapati_Bhavan" title="Rashtrapati Bhavan">Viceroy's House</a> (1931–1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashtrapati_Niwas" title="Rashtrapati Niwas">Viceregal Lodge</a> (1888–1947)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Appointer</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/East_India_Company" title="East India Company">East India Company</a> (1774–1858)</span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Monarch_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Monarch of the United Kingdom">Monarch of the United Kingdom</a> (1858–1876)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_India" title="Emperor of India">Emperor of India</a> (1876–1947)</li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_India#Monarch_of_India_(1947–1950)" title="List of heads of state of India">Monarch of India</a> (1947–1950)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Term_of_office" title="Term of office">Term length</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/At_His_Majesty%27s_pleasure" title="At His Majesty's pleasure">At His Majesty's pleasure</a> (<i>de jure</i>)<br />Five years<span class="cleanup-needed-content" style="padding-left:0.1em; padding-right:0.1em; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle, #c8ccd1);">, renewable</span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (June 2024)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> (<i>de facto</i>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formation</th><td class="infobox-data">20 October 1773 (<a href="/wiki/Bengal_Presidency" title="Bengal Presidency">Fort William</a>)<br />22 April 1834 (<a href="/wiki/Company_rule_in_India" title="Company rule in India">India</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First holder</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Warren_Hastings" title="Warren Hastings">Warren Hastings</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bengal_Presidency" title="Bengal Presidency">Fort William</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Lord_William_Bentinck" title="Lord William Bentinck">Lord William Bentinck</a> (<a href="/wiki/Company_rule_in_India" title="Company rule in India">India</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Final holder</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Mountbatten" title="Lord Mountbatten">Lord Mountbatten</a> (21 February 1947 — 15 August 1947; as the <i>Viceroy of India</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakravarti_Rajagopalachari" class="mw-redirect" title="Chakravarti Rajagopalachari">Chakravarti Rajagopalachari</a> (21 June 1948 — 26 January 1950; as the <i>Governor-General of Dominion of India</i>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Abolished</th><td class="infobox-data">26 January 1950<span class="noprint"> (74 years ago)</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1950-01-26</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Superseded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Pakistan" title="Governor-General of Pakistan">Governor-General of Pakistan</a> (in territory that became <a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_Pakistan" title="Dominion of Pakistan">Pakistan</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_India" title="President of India">President</a> <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">of India</a> (after <a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_India" title="Dominion of India">India</a> became a <a href="/wiki/Republic" title="Republic">Republic</a> by adopting <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_India" title="Constitution of India">its Constitution</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>governor-general of India</b> (1833 to 1950, from 1858 to 1947 the <b>viceroy and governor-general of India</b>, commonly shortened to <b>viceroy of India</b>) was the representative of the <a href="/wiki/Monarch_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Monarch of the United Kingdom">monarch of the United Kingdom</a> in their capacity as the <a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_India" title="Emperor of India">emperor/empress of India</a> and after <a href="/wiki/Indian_Independence_Act_1947" title="Indian Independence Act 1947">Indian independence</a> in 1947, the representative of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_India#Monarch_of_India_(1947–1950)" title="List of heads of state of India">monarch of India</a>. The office was created in 1773, with the title of <a href="/wiki/Governor-general" title="Governor-general">governor-general</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Fort_William" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidency of Fort William">Presidency of Fort William</a>. The officer had direct control only over his presidency but supervised other <a href="/wiki/East_India_Company" title="East India Company">East India Company</a> officials in India. Complete authority over all of British territory in the Indian subcontinent was granted in 1833, and the official came to be known as the governor-general of India. </p><p>In 1858, because of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Rebellion_of_1857" title="Indian Rebellion of 1857">Indian Rebellion</a> the previous year, the territories and assets of the East India Company came under the direct control of the <a href="/wiki/British_Crown" class="mw-redirect" title="British Crown">British Crown</a>; as a consequence, <a href="/wiki/Company_rule_in_India" title="Company rule in India">company rule in India</a> was succeeded by the <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British Raj</a>. The governor-general (now also the <a href="/wiki/Viceroy" title="Viceroy">Viceroy</a>) headed the central government of India, which administered the provinces of <a href="/wiki/British_India" class="mw-redirect" title="British India">British India</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Bengal_Presidency" title="Bengal Presidency">Bengal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bombay_Presidency" title="Bombay Presidency">Bombay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madras_Presidency" title="Madras Presidency">Madras</a>, <a href="/wiki/Punjab_Province_(British_India)" title="Punjab Province (British India)">Punjab</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_Provinces_of_British_India" class="mw-redirect" title="United Provinces of British India">United Provinces</a>, and others.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, much of India was not ruled directly by the British Government; outside the provinces of British India, there were hundreds of nominally independent <a href="/wiki/Princely_states" class="mw-redirect" title="Princely states">princely states</a> or "native states", whose relationship was not with the British Government or the United Kingdom, but rather one of <a href="/wiki/Homage_(feudal)" title="Homage (feudal)">homage</a> directly with the British monarch as sovereign successor to the <a href="/wiki/Mughal_emperors" class="mw-redirect" title="Mughal emperors">Mughal emperors</a>. From 1858, to reflect the governor-general's new additional role as the monarch's representative in response to the fealty relationships vis the princely states, the additional title of viceroy was granted, such that the new office was entitled "Viceroy and Governor-General of India". This was usually shortened to "Viceroy of India". </p><p>The title of viceroy was abandoned when British India was <a href="/wiki/Partition_of_India" title="Partition of India">partitioned</a> into the two independent <a href="/wiki/Dominion" title="Dominion">dominions</a> of <a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_India" title="Dominion of India">India</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_Pakistan" title="Dominion of Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, but the office of governor-general continued to exist in each country separately until they adopted republican constitutions in 1950 and 1956, respectively. </p><p>Until 1858, the governor-general was selected by the Court of Directors of the East India Company, to whom he was responsible. Thereafter, he was appointed by the sovereign on the advice of the British Government; the <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_India" title="Secretary of State for India">Secretary of State for India</a>, a member of the <a href="/wiki/British_Cabinet" class="mw-redirect" title="British Cabinet">British Cabinet</a>, was responsible for instructing him on the exercise of their powers. After 1947, the sovereign continued to appoint the governor-general but thereafter did so on the advice of the government of the newly independent Dominion of India. </p><p>The governor-general served <a href="/wiki/At_His_Majesty%27s_pleasure" title="At His Majesty's pleasure">at the pleasure of the sovereign</a>, though the practice was to have them serve five-year terms. A governor-general could have their commission rescinded; and if one was removed, or left, a provisional governor-general was sometimes appointed until a new holder of the office could be chosen. The first governor-general in India (of Bengal) was <a href="/wiki/Warren_Hastings" title="Warren Hastings">Warren Hastings</a>, the first official governor-general of British India was <a href="/wiki/Lord_William_Bentinck" title="Lord William Bentinck">Lord William Bentinck</a>, and the first governor-general of the Dominion of India was <a href="/wiki/Lord_Mountbatten" title="Lord Mountbatten">Lord Mountbatten</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Governor-General_of_India&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Warren_Hastings_greyscale.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Warren_Hastings_greyscale.jpg/220px-Warren_Hastings_greyscale.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="288" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Warren_Hastings_greyscale.jpg/330px-Warren_Hastings_greyscale.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Warren_Hastings_greyscale.jpg/440px-Warren_Hastings_greyscale.jpg 2x" data-file-width="592" data-file-height="774" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Warren_Hastings" title="Warren Hastings">Warren Hastings</a>, the first governor-general of <a href="/wiki/Fort_William,_India" title="Fort William, India">Fort William</a> from 1773 to 1785.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bentinck_william.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Bentinck_william.png/220px-Bentinck_william.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="291" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Bentinck_william.png/330px-Bentinck_william.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Bentinck_william.png/439px-Bentinck_william.png 2x" data-file-width="514" data-file-height="681" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lord_William_Bentinck" title="Lord William Bentinck">Lord William Bentinck</a>, the first governor general of India from 1834 – 1835</figcaption></figure> <p>Many parts of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a> were governed by the British <a href="/wiki/East_India_Company" title="East India Company">East India Company</a> (founded in 1600), which nominally acted as the agent of the <a href="/wiki/Mughal_emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Mughal emperor">Mughal emperor</a>. Early British administrators were <a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Bengal_Presidency" title="List of governors of Bengal Presidency">presidents or governors</a> of <a href="/wiki/Bengal_Presidency" title="Bengal Presidency">Bengal Presidency</a>. In 1773, motivated by corruption in the company, the British government assumed partial control over the governance of India with the passage of the <a href="/wiki/Regulating_Act_of_1773" class="mw-redirect" title="Regulating Act of 1773">Regulating Act of 1773</a>. A governor-general and <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Council_of_Bengal" title="Supreme Council of Bengal">Supreme Council of Bengal</a> were appointed to rule over the Presidency of <a href="/wiki/Fort_William,_India" title="Fort William, India">Fort William</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bengal" title="Bengal">Bengal</a>. The first governor-general and Council were named in the Act. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Charter_Act_1833" class="mw-redirect" title="Charter Act 1833">Charter Act 1833</a> replaced the governor-general and Council of Fort William with the governor-general and Council of India. The power to elect the governor-general was retained by the Court of Directors, but the choice became subject to the sovereign's approval via the <a href="/wiki/India_Board" title="India Board">India Board</a>. </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Rebellion_of_1857" title="Indian Rebellion of 1857">Indian Rebellion of 1857</a>, the British East India Company's territories in India were put under the direct control of the sovereign. The <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India_Act_1858" title="Government of India Act 1858">Government of India Act 1858</a> vested the power to appoint the governor-general in the sovereign. The governor-general, in turn, had the power to appoint all lieutenant governors in India, subject to the sovereign's approval. </p><p>India and Pakistan acquired independence in 1947, but governors-general continued to be appointed over each nation until republican constitutions were written. <a href="/wiki/Louis_Mountbatten,_1st_Earl_Mountbatten_of_Burma" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma">Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma</a>, remained governor-general of India for ten months after independence, but the two nations were otherwise headed by native governors-general. India became a secular republic in 1950; Pakistan became an Islamic one in 1956. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Functions">Functions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Governor-General_of_India&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Functions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:George_Curzon2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/George_Curzon2.jpg/220px-George_Curzon2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="297" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/George_Curzon2.jpg/330px-George_Curzon2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/George_Curzon2.jpg/440px-George_Curzon2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3813" data-file-height="5146" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/George_Curzon,_1st_Marquess_Curzon_of_Kedleston" title="George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston">Lord Curzon</a> in his robes as viceroy of India, a post he held from 1899 to 1905.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lord_Mountbatten_addressing_the_Chamber_of_Princes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Lord_Mountbatten_addressing_the_Chamber_of_Princes.jpg/220px-Lord_Mountbatten_addressing_the_Chamber_of_Princes.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/Lord_Mountbatten_addressing_the_Chamber_of_Princes.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="206" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lord_Mountbatten" title="Lord Mountbatten">Lord Mountbatten</a> addressing the <a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Princes" title="Chamber of Princes">Chamber of Princes</a> as Crown Representative in the 1940s</figcaption></figure> <p>The governor-general originally had power only over the <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Fort_William_in_Bengal" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidency of Fort William in Bengal">Presidency of Fort William in Bengal</a>. The Regulating Act, however, granted the governor-general additional powers relating to foreign affairs and defence. The other presidencies of the East India Company (<a href="/wiki/Madras_Presidency" title="Madras Presidency">Madras</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bombay_Presidency" title="Bombay Presidency">Bombay</a> and <a href="/wiki/British_Bencoolen" title="British Bencoolen">Bencoolen</a>) were not allowed to declare war on or make peace with an Indian prince without receiving the prior approval of the governor-general and Council of Fort William.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The powers of the governor-general, in respect of foreign affairs, were increased by the <a href="/wiki/Pitt%27s_India_Act" title="Pitt's India Act">India Act 1784</a>. The act provided that the other governors under the East India Company could not declare war, make peace or conclude a treaty with an Indian prince unless expressly directed to do so by the governor-general or by the company's Court of Directors. </p><p>While the governor-general thus became the controller of foreign policy in India, he was not the explicit head of British India. That status came only with the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India_Act_1833" title="Government of India Act 1833">Charter Act 1833</a>, which granted him "superintendence, direction and control of the whole civil and military Government" of all of British India. The act also granted legislative powers to the governor-general and council. </p><p>In 1835, <a href="/wiki/Lord_William_Bentinck" title="Lord William Bentinck">Lord William Bentinck</a> became the first governor general of India.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After 1858, the governor-general (now usually known as the viceroy) functioned as the chief administrator of India and as the sovereign's representative. India was divided into numerous <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Provinces of India">provinces</a>, each under the head of a governor, lieutenant governor or chief commissioner or <a href="/wiki/Administrator_of_the_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrator of the Government">administrator</a>. Governors were appointed by the <a href="/wiki/British_government" class="mw-redirect" title="British government">British government</a>, to whom they were directly responsible; lieutenant governors, chief commissioners, and administrators, however, were appointed by and were subordinate to the viceroy. The viceroy also oversaw the most powerful <a href="/wiki/Princely_state" title="Princely state">princely rulers</a>: the <a href="/wiki/Nizam_of_Hyderabad" title="Nizam of Hyderabad">Nizam of Hyderabad</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Maharaja_of_Mysore" title="Maharaja of Mysore">Maharaja of Mysore</a>, the Maharaja (<a href="/wiki/Scindia" class="mw-redirect" title="Scindia">Scindia</a>) of <a href="/wiki/Gwalior_State" title="Gwalior State">Gwalior</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Dogra_dynasty" title="Dogra dynasty">Maharaja</a> of <a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(princely_state)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)">Jammu and Kashmir</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Gaekwad_dynasty" title="Gaekwad dynasty">Gaekwad</a> (Gaekwar) Maharaja of <a href="/wiki/Baroda_State" title="Baroda State">Baroda</a>. The remaining princely rulers were overseen either by the <a href="/wiki/Rajputana_Agency" title="Rajputana Agency">Rajputana Agency</a> and <a href="/wiki/Central_India_Agency" title="Central India Agency">Central India Agency</a>, which were headed by representatives of the viceroy or by provincial authorities. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Princes" title="Chamber of Princes">Chamber of Princes</a> was an institution established in 1920 by a royal proclamation of King-Emperor <a href="/wiki/George_V" title="George V">George V</a> to provide a forum in which the princely rulers could voice their needs and aspirations to the government. The chamber usually met only once a year, with the viceroy presiding, but it appointed a standing committee, which met more often. </p><p>Upon independence in August 1947, the title of viceroy was abolished. The representative of <a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_India" title="List of heads of state of India">India's sovereign</a>, King <a href="/wiki/George_VI" title="George VI">George VI</a>, became known once again as the governor-general. In 1948, <a href="/wiki/C._Rajagopalachari" title="C. Rajagopalachari">C. Rajagopalachari</a> became the only Indian governor-general. The governor-general's role was almost entirely ceremonial, with power being exercised on a day-to-day basis by the Indian cabinet. After the nation became a republic in 1950, the <a href="/wiki/President_of_India" title="President of India">president of India</a> continued to perform the same functions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Council">Council</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Governor-General_of_India&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Council"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Council_of_India" title="Council of India">Council of India</a> and <a href="/wiki/Viceroy%27s_Executive_Council" title="Viceroy's Executive Council">Viceroy's Executive Council</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rashtrapati_Niwas,_Shimla.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Rashtrapati_Niwas%2C_Shimla.jpg/220px-Rashtrapati_Niwas%2C_Shimla.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Rashtrapati_Niwas%2C_Shimla.jpg/330px-Rashtrapati_Niwas%2C_Shimla.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Rashtrapati_Niwas%2C_Shimla.jpg/440px-Rashtrapati_Niwas%2C_Shimla.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption> The <a href="/wiki/Rashtrapati_Niwas" title="Rashtrapati Niwas">Viceregal Lodge</a> in <a href="/wiki/Shimla" title="Shimla">Simla</a>, built in 1888, was the summer residence of the viceroy of India</figcaption></figure> <p>The governor-general was always advised by a Council on the exercise of his legislative and executive powers. The governor-general, while exercising many functions, was referred to as the "Governor-General in Council." </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Regulating_Act_1773" title="Regulating Act 1773">Regulating Act 1773</a> provided for the election of four counsellors by the East India Company's Court of Directors. The governor-general was to be assisted by an executive council of four members and was given a casting vote but no veto. The decision of the council was binding on the governor-general. </p><p>In 1784, the council was reduced to three members; the governor-general continued to have both an ordinary vote and a casting vote. In 1786, the power of the governor-general was increased even further, as Council decisions ceased to be binding. </p><p>The Charter Act 1833 made further changes to the structure of the council. The Act was the first law to distinguish between the executive and legislative responsibilities of the governor-general. As provided under the Act, there were to be four members of the Council appointed by the Court of Directors. The first three members were permitted to participate on all occasions, but the fourth member was only allowed to sit and vote when legislation was being debated. </p><p>In 1858, the Court of Directors ceased to have the power to appoint members of the council. Instead, the one member who had a vote only on legislative questions came to be appointed by the sovereign, and the other three members by the <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_state_for_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of state for India">secretary of state for India</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Indian_Councils_Act_1861" title="Indian Councils Act 1861">Indian Councils Act 1861</a> made several changes to the council's composition. Three members were to be appointed by the Secretary of State for India, and two by the Sovereign. The power to appoint all five members passed to the Crown in 1869. The viceroy was empowered to appoint an additional 'six to twelve' members (changed to 'ten to sixteen' in 1892, and to 'sixty' in 1909). The five individuals appointed by the sovereign or the Indian secretary headed the executive departments, while those appointed by the viceroy debated and voted on legislation. </p><p>In 1919, an Indian legislature, consisting of a Council of State and a Legislative Assembly, took over the legislative functions of the Viceroy's Council. The viceroy nonetheless retained significant power over legislation. He could authorise the expenditure of money without the Legislature's consent for "ecclesiastical, political [and] defence" purposes, and for any purpose during "emergencies." He was permitted to veto, or even stop debate on, any bill. If he recommended the passage of a bill, but only one chamber cooperated, he could declare the bill passed over the objections of the other chamber. The legislature had no authority over foreign affairs and defence. The president of the Council of State was appointed by the viceroy; the Legislative Assembly elected its president, but the election required the viceroy's approval. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Style_and_title">Style and title</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Governor-General_of_India&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Style and title"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Until 1833, the title of the position was "governor-general of the Presidency of Fort William in Bengal". The <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India_Act_1833" title="Government of India Act 1833">Government of India Act 1833</a> converted the title into "governor-general of India", effective from 22 April 1834.<sup id="cite_ref-Keith_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Keith-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The title "viceroy and governor-general" was first used in the queen's proclamation appointing Viscount Canning in 1858.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was never conferred by an act of parliament but was used in <a href="/wiki/Warrants_of_precedence" class="mw-redirect" title="Warrants of precedence">warrants of precedence</a> and in the statutes of knightly orders. In usage, "viceroy" is employed where the governor-general's position as the monarch's representative is in view.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The viceregal title was not used when the sovereign was present in India. It was meant to indicate new responsibilities, especially ritualistic ones, but it conferred no new statutory authority. The governor-general regularly used the title in communications with the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Legislative_Council" title="Imperial Legislative Council">Imperial Legislative Council</a>, but all legislation was made only in the name of the Governor-General-in-Council (or the Government of India).<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The governor-general was styled <i>Excellency</i> and enjoyed precedence over all other government officials in India. He was referred to as 'His Excellency' and addressed as 'Your Excellency'. From 1858 to 1947, the governor-general was known as the viceroy of India (from the French <i>roi</i>, meaning 'king'), and wives of Viceroys were known as Vicereines (from the French <i>reine</i>, meaning 'queen'). The Vicereine was referred to as 'Her Excellency' and was also addressed as 'Your Excellency'. Neither title was employed while the Sovereign was in India. However, the only British sovereign to visit India during the period of British rule was <a href="/wiki/George_V" title="George V">George V</a>, who attended the <a href="/wiki/Delhi_Durbar" title="Delhi Durbar">Delhi Durbar</a> in 1911 with his wife, <a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Teck" title="Mary of Teck">Mary</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>When the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Star_of_India" title="Order of the Star of India">Order of the Star of India</a> was founded in 1861, the viceroy was made its grand master <i>ex officio</i>. The viceroy was also made the <i>ex officio</i> grand master of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Indian_Empire" title="Order of the Indian Empire">Order of the Indian Empire</a> upon its foundation in 1877. </p><p>Most governors-general and viceroys were <a href="/wiki/Peerage" title="Peerage">peers</a>. Frequently, a viceroy who was already a peer would be granted a peerage of higher rank, as with the granting of a <a href="/wiki/Marquessate" class="mw-redirect" title="Marquessate">marquessate</a> to <a href="/wiki/Rufus_Isaacs,_1st_Marquess_of_Reading" title="Rufus Isaacs, 1st Marquess of Reading">Lord Reading</a> and an <a href="/wiki/Earldom" class="mw-redirect" title="Earldom">earldom</a> and later a marquessate to <a href="/wiki/Freeman_Freeman-Thomas" class="mw-redirect" title="Freeman Freeman-Thomas">Freeman Freeman-Thomas</a>. Of those viceroys who were not peers, <a href="/wiki/John_Shore,_1st_Baron_Teignmouth" title="John Shore, 1st Baron Teignmouth">Sir John Shore</a> was a <a href="/wiki/Baronet" title="Baronet">baronet</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lord_William_Bentinck" title="Lord William Bentinck">Lord William Bentinck</a> was entitled to the <a href="/wiki/Courtesy_title" title="Courtesy title">courtesy title</a> '<a href="/wiki/Lord" title="Lord">lord</a>' because he was the son of a <a href="/wiki/Duke" title="Duke">duke</a>. Only the first and last governors-general – <a href="/wiki/Warren_Hastings" title="Warren Hastings">Warren Hastings</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rajaji" class="mw-redirect" title="Rajaji">Chakravarti Rajagopalachari</a> – as well as some provisional governors-general, had no honorific titles at all. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Flag_and_insignia">Flag and insignia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Governor-General_of_India&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Flag and insignia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Star_of_India_(flag)" class="mw-redirect" title="Star of India (flag)">Star of India (flag)</a></div> <p>From around 1885, the viceroy of India was allowed to fly a <a href="/wiki/Union_Flag" class="mw-redirect" title="Union Flag">Union Jack Flag</a> augmented in the centre with the 'Star of India' surmounted by a crown. This flag was not the viceroy's personal flag; it was also used by governors, lieutenant governors, chief commissioners and other British officers in India. When at sea, only the viceroy flew the flag from the mainmast, while other officials flew it from the foremast. </p><p>From 1947 to 1950, the governor-general of India used a dark blue flag bearing the royal crest (a lion standing on the Crown), beneath which was the word 'India' in gold <a href="/wiki/Majuscules" class="mw-redirect" title="Majuscules">majuscules</a>. The same design is still used by many other Commonwealth Realm governors-general. This last flag was the personal flag of the governor-general only. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Badge_of_the_Viceroy_of_India_(1876-1904).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Badge of the viceroy of India (1876–1904) depicted with St. Edward's Crown"><img alt="Badge of the viceroy of India (1876–1904) depicted with St. Edward's Crown" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Badge_of_the_Viceroy_of_India_%281876-1904%29.svg/74px-Badge_of_the_Viceroy_of_India_%281876-1904%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="74" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Badge_of_the_Viceroy_of_India_%281876-1904%29.svg/111px-Badge_of_the_Viceroy_of_India_%281876-1904%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Badge_of_the_Viceroy_of_India_%281876-1904%29.svg/148px-Badge_of_the_Viceroy_of_India_%281876-1904%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="485" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Badge of the viceroy of India (1876–1904) depicted with St. Edward's Crown</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Badge_of_the_Viceroy_of_India.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Badge of the viceroy and governor-general (1904–1947) depicted with Tudor Crown"><img alt="Badge of the viceroy and governor-general (1904–1947) depicted with Tudor Crown" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Badge_of_the_Viceroy_of_India.svg/74px-Badge_of_the_Viceroy_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="74" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Badge_of_the_Viceroy_of_India.svg/111px-Badge_of_the_Viceroy_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Badge_of_the_Viceroy_of_India.svg/148px-Badge_of_the_Viceroy_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="485" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Badge of the viceroy and governor-general (1904–1947) depicted with Tudor Crown</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Governor-General_of_India_(1885%E2%80%931947).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Standard of the viceroy and governor-general (1885–1947)"><img alt="Standard of the viceroy and governor-general (1885–1947)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_Governor-General_of_India_%281885%E2%80%931947%29.svg/120px-Flag_of_the_Governor-General_of_India_%281885%E2%80%931947%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_Governor-General_of_India_%281885%E2%80%931947%29.svg/180px-Flag_of_the_Governor-General_of_India_%281885%E2%80%931947%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_Governor-General_of_India_%281885%E2%80%931947%29.svg/240px-Flag_of_the_Governor-General_of_India_%281885%E2%80%931947%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Standard of the viceroy and governor-general (1885–1947)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Governor-General_of_India_(1947%E2%80%931950).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Standard of the governor-general (1947–50)"><img alt="Standard of the governor-general (1947–50)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_the_Governor-General_of_India_%281947%E2%80%931950%29.svg/120px-Flag_of_the_Governor-General_of_India_%281947%E2%80%931950%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_the_Governor-General_of_India_%281947%E2%80%931950%29.svg/180px-Flag_of_the_Governor-General_of_India_%281947%E2%80%931950%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_the_Governor-General_of_India_%281947%E2%80%931950%29.svg/240px-Flag_of_the_Governor-General_of_India_%281947%E2%80%931950%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Standard of the governor-general (1947–50)</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Residence">Residence</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Governor-General_of_India&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Residence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FraserCalcuttaGovernmentHouse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/FraserCalcuttaGovernmentHouse.jpg/220px-FraserCalcuttaGovernmentHouse.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/FraserCalcuttaGovernmentHouse.jpg/330px-FraserCalcuttaGovernmentHouse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/FraserCalcuttaGovernmentHouse.jpg/440px-FraserCalcuttaGovernmentHouse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="783" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Raj_Bhavan,_Kolkata" title="Raj Bhavan, Kolkata">Government House</a> served as the Governor-General's residence during most of the nineteenth century.</figcaption></figure> <p>The governor-general of Fort William resided in <a href="/wiki/Belvedere_Estate" title="Belvedere Estate">Belvedere House</a>, <a href="/wiki/Calcutta" class="mw-redirect" title="Calcutta">Calcutta</a>, until the early nineteenth century, when <a href="/wiki/Raj_Bhavan,_Kolkata" title="Raj Bhavan, Kolkata">Government House</a> was constructed. In 1854, the lieutenant governor of Bengal took up residence there. Now, the Belvedere Estate houses the <a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_India" title="National Library of India">National Library of India</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Richard_Wellesley,_1st_Marquess_Wellesley" title="Richard Wellesley, 1st Marquess Wellesley">Lord Wellesley</a>, who is reputed to have said that 'India should be governed from a <a href="/wiki/Palace" title="Palace">palace</a>, not from a <a href="/wiki/Country_house" class="mw-redirect" title="Country house">country house</a>', constructed a grand <a href="/wiki/Mansion" title="Mansion">mansion</a>, known as Government House in Calcutta, between 1799 and 1803. The mansion remained in use until the capital moved from Calcutta to <a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a> in 1912. Thereafter, the lieutenant governor of Bengal, who had hitherto resided in Belvedere House, was upgraded to a full governor and transferred to Government House. Now, it serves as the residence of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_West_Bengal" title="List of governors of West Bengal">governor</a> of the Indian state of <a href="/wiki/West_Bengal" title="West Bengal">West Bengal</a>, and is referred to by its <a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a> name <a href="/wiki/Raj_Bhavan,_Kolkata" title="Raj Bhavan, Kolkata">Raj Bhavan</a>. </p><p>After the capital moved from Calcutta to Delhi, the viceroy occupied the newly built Viceroy's House, designed by Sir <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Lutyens" title="Edwin Lutyens">Edwin Lutyens</a>. Though construction began in 1912, it did not conclude until 1929; the palace was not formally inaugurated until 1931. The final cost exceeded £877,000 (over £35 million in modern terms)—more than twice the figure originally allocated. Today the residence, now known by the Hindi name of '<a href="/wiki/Rashtrapati_Bhavan" title="Rashtrapati Bhavan">Rashtrapati Bhavan</a>', is used by the <a href="/wiki/President_of_India" title="President of India">president of India</a>. </p><p>Throughout the British administration, governors-general retreated to the <a href="/wiki/Rashtrapati_Niwas" title="Rashtrapati Niwas">Viceregal Lodge</a> <i>(now Rashtrapati Niwas)</i> at <a href="/wiki/Shimla" title="Shimla">Shimla</a> each summer to escape the heat, and the government of India moved with them. The Viceregal Lodge now houses the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Advanced_Study" title="Indian Institute of Advanced Study">Indian Institute of Advanced Study</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Peterhoff,_Shimla" title="Peterhoff, Shimla">Peterhoff building</a> in Shimla was also used by several viceroys, although the original building was destroyed by fire in 1981. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List">List</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Governor-General_of_India&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: List"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_governors-general_of_India" title="List of governors-general of India">List of governors-general of India</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Governor-General_of_India&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_Kingdom" title="Portal:United Kingdom">United Kingdom portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/28px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/42px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, 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title="India Office">India Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Civil_Service" title="Indian Civil Service">Indian Civil Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_independence_movement" title="Indian independence movement">Indian independence movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors-general_of_India" title="List of governors-general of India">List of governors-general of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partition_of_India" title="Partition of India">Partition of India</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Governor-General_of_India&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20220724045920/https://www.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/rmgc-object-271">"Flag of the Governor General of India"</a>. <i>www.rmg.co.uk</i>. <a href="/wiki/National_Maritime_Museum" title="National Maritime Museum">National Maritime Museum</a>: <a href="/wiki/Royal_Museums_Greenwich" title="Royal Museums Greenwich">Royal Museums Greenwich</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/rmgc-object-271">the original</a> on 24 July 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.rmg.co.uk&rft.atitle=Flag+of+the+Governor+General+of+India&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rmg.co.uk%2Fcollections%2Fobjects%2Frmgc-object-271&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernor-General+of+India" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThapliyal2011" class="citation book cs1">Thapliyal, Uma Prasad (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gWnqZwEACAAJ&dq"><i>Military Flags of India: From the Earliest Times</i></a>. Delhi: B.R. Publishing Corporation. p. 110. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7646-742-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7646-742-1"><bdi>978-81-7646-742-1</bdi></a>. <q>From 15 August 1947 to 26 January 1950, the flag of the Governor-General of India was dark blue with the Lion and Crown crest in the center and INDIA in golden letters below</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Military+Flags+of+India%3A+From+the+Earliest+Times&rft.place=Delhi&rft.pages=110&rft.pub=B.R.+Publishing+Corporation&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-81-7646-742-1&rft.aulast=Thapliyal&rft.aufirst=Uma+Prasad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgWnqZwEACAAJ%26dq&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernor-General+of+India" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The term <a href="/wiki/British_India" class="mw-redirect" title="British India">British India</a> is mistakenly used to mean the same as the British Indian Empire, which included both the provinces and the <a href="/wiki/Princely_states" class="mw-redirect" title="Princely states">princely states</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Lord-William-Bentinck">"Lord William Bentinck | British government official"</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Lord+William+Bentinck+%7C+British+government+official&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FLord-William-Bentinck&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernor-General+of+India" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Keith-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Keith_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/speechesdocument01keituoft/page/268/mode/2up"><i>Government of India Act 1833</i></a>, Keith, Arthur Berriedale, <i>Speeches & Documents on Indian Policy, 1750–1921</i>, see section 41 of the Act</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Queen_Victoria%27s_Proclamation">"Queen Victoria's Proclamation"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Queen+Victoria%27s+Proclamation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikisource.org%2Fwiki%2FQueen_Victoria%2527s_Proclamation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernor-General+of+India" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">H. Verney Lovett, "The Indian Governments, 1858–1918", <i>The Cambridge History of the British Empire, Volume V: The Indian Empire, 1858–1918</i> (Cambridge University Press, 1932), p. 226.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Arnold P. Kaminsky, <i>The India Office, 1880–1910</i> (Greenwood Press, 1986), p. 126.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Governor-General_of_India&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.acarm.org/government_buildings.shtml">Association of Commonwealth Archivists and Record Managers (1999) "Government Buildings – India"</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged December 2022">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_William_Forrest" title="George William Forrest">Forrest, G. W.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Indian_Empire" title="Order of the Indian Empire">CIE</a>, (editor) (1910) <i>Selections from the State Papers of the Governors-General of India; Warren Hastings</i> (2 vols), Oxford: <a href="/wiki/Blackwell%27s" title="Blackwell's">Blackwell's</a></li> <li><i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i> ("British Empire" and "Viceroy"), London: <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>, 1911, 11th edition,</li> <li>James, Lawrence (1997) <i>Raj: the Making and Unmaking of British India</i> London: Little, Brown & Company <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-316-64072-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-316-64072-7">0-316-64072-7</a></li> <li>Keith, A. B. (editor) (1922) <i>Speeches and Documents on Indian Policy, 1750–1921</i>, London: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761557562/India.html">Oldenburg, P. (2004). "India." <i>Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia.</i></a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091028004833/http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761557562/India.html">Archived</a> 2009-10-31)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170430232921/http://mountbattenofburma.com/">mountbattenofburma.com – Tribute & Memorial website to Louis, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Governor-General_of_India&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Governors-General_of_India" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Governors-General of India">Governors-General of India</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArnold,_Sir_Edwin1865" class="citation book cs1">Arnold, Sir Edwin (1865). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/marquisdalhousi04arnogoog"><i>The Marquis of Dalhousie's Administration of British India: Annexation of Pegu, Nagpor, and Oudh, and a general review of Lord Dalhousie's rule in India</i></a>. Saunders, Otley, and Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Marquis+of+Dalhousie%27s+Administration+of+British+India%3A+Annexation+of+Pegu%2C+Nagpor%2C+and+Oudh%2C+and+a+general+review+of+Lord+Dalhousie%27s+rule+in+India&rft.pub=Saunders%2C+Otley%2C+and+Company&rft.date=1865&rft.au=Arnold%2C+Sir+Edwin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmarquisdalhousi04arnogoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernor-General+of+India" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Dodwell H. H., ed. <i>The Cambridge History of India. Volume 6: The Indian Empire 1858–1918. With Chapters on the Development of Administration 1818–1858</i> (1932) 660pp <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cambridgehistory06rapsuoft">online edition</a>; also published as vol 5 of the <i>Cambridge History of the British Empire</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon,_Penderel" class="mw-redirect" title="Moon, Penderel">Moon, Penderel</a>. <i>The British Conquest and Dominion of India</i> (2 vol. 1989) 1235pp; the fullest scholarly history of political and military events from a British top-down perspective;</li> <li>Rudhra, A. B. (1940) <i>The Viceroy and Governor-General of India</i>. London: H. Milford, Oxford University Press</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpear1990" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Percival_Spear" title="Percival Spear">Spear, Percival</a> (1990) [First published 1965], <i>A History of India</i>, vol. 2, New Delhi and London: Penguin Books. Pp. 298, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-013836-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-013836-8"><bdi>978-0-14-013836-8</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+India&rft.pub=New+Delhi+and+London%3A+Penguin+Books.+Pp.+298&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-14-013836-8&rft.aulast=Spear&rft.aufirst=Percival&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernor-General+of+India" class="Z3988"></span>.</li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output 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Hastings">Hastings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_John_Macpherson,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir John Macpherson, 1st Baronet">Macpherson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Cornwallis,_1st_Marquess_Cornwallis" title="Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis">Cornwallis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Shore,_1st_Baron_Teignmouth" title="John Shore, 1st Baron Teignmouth">Shore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alured_Clarke" title="Alured Clarke">Clarke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Wellesley,_1st_Marquess_Wellesley" title="Richard Wellesley, 1st Marquess Wellesley">Mornington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Cornwallis,_1st_Marquess_Cornwallis" title="Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis">Cornwallis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_George_Barlow,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir George Barlow, 1st Baronet">Barlow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound,_1st_Earl_of_Minto" title="Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 1st Earl of Minto">Minto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Rawdon-Hastings,_1st_Marquess_of_Hastings" title="Francis Rawdon-Hastings, 1st Marquess of Hastings">Moira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Adam_(administrator)" title="John Adam (administrator)">Adam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Amherst,_1st_Earl_Amherst" title="William Amherst, 1st Earl Amherst">Amherst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Butterworth_Bayley" title="William Butterworth Bayley">Bayley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_William_Bentinck" title="Lord William Bentinck">Bentinck</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:5em"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_British_East_India_Company_(1801).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_Governor-General_of_India_%281885%E2%80%931947%29.svg/100px-Flag_of_the_Governor-General_of_India_%281885%E2%80%931947%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_Governor-General_of_India_%281885%E2%80%931947%29.svg/150px-Flag_of_the_Governor-General_of_India_%281885%E2%80%931947%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_Governor-General_of_India_%281885%E2%80%931947%29.svg/200px-Flag_of_the_Governor-General_of_India_%281885%E2%80%931947%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Governor-General_of_India_(1947%E2%80%931950).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_the_Governor-General_of_India_%281947%E2%80%931950%29.svg/100px-Flag_of_the_Governor-General_of_India_%281947%E2%80%931950%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_the_Governor-General_of_India_%281947%E2%80%931950%29.svg/150px-Flag_of_the_Governor-General_of_India_%281947%E2%80%931950%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_the_Governor-General_of_India_%281947%E2%80%931950%29.svg/200px-Flag_of_the_Governor-General_of_India_%281947%E2%80%931950%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Governors-general of India<br />(1833–1858)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lord_William_Bentinck" title="Lord William Bentinck">Bentinck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Metcalfe,_1st_Baron_Metcalfe" title="Charles Metcalfe, 1st Baron Metcalfe">Metcalfe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Eden,_1st_Earl_of_Auckland" title="George Eden, 1st Earl of Auckland">Auckland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Law,_1st_Earl_of_Ellenborough" title="Edward Law, 1st Earl of Ellenborough">Ellenborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Wilberforce_Bird_(governor)" title="William Wilberforce Bird (governor)">Bird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Hardinge,_1st_Viscount_Hardinge" title="Henry Hardinge, 1st Viscount Hardinge">Hardinge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Broun-Ramsay,_1st_Marquess_of_Dalhousie" title="James Broun-Ramsay, 1st Marquess of Dalhousie">Dalhousie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Canning,_1st_Earl_Canning" title="Charles Canning, 1st Earl Canning">Canning</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Governors-general and viceroys of India<br />(1858–1947)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Canning,_1st_Earl_Canning" title="Charles Canning, 1st Earl Canning">Canning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Bruce,_8th_Earl_of_Elgin" title="James Bruce, 8th Earl of Elgin">Elgin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Napier,_1st_Baron_Napier_of_Magdala" title="Robert Napier, 1st Baron Napier of Magdala">Napier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Denison" title="William Denison">Denison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lawrence,_1st_Baron_Lawrence" title="John Lawrence, 1st Baron Lawrence">Lawrence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Bourke,_6th_Earl_of_Mayo" title="Richard Bourke, 6th Earl of Mayo">Mayo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Strachey_(civil_servant)" title="John Strachey (civil servant)">Strachey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Napier,_10th_Lord_Napier" title="Francis Napier, 10th Lord Napier">Napier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Baring,_1st_Earl_of_Northbrook" title="Thomas Baring, 1st Earl of Northbrook">Northbrook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bulwer-Lytton,_1st_Earl_of_Lytton" title="Robert Bulwer-Lytton, 1st Earl of Lytton">Lytton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Robinson,_1st_Marquess_of_Ripon" title="George Robinson, 1st Marquess of Ripon">Ripon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood,_1st_Marquess_of_Dufferin_and_Ava" title="Frederick Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood, 1st Marquess of Dufferin and Ava">Dufferin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Petty-Fitzmaurice,_5th_Marquess_of_Lansdowne" title="Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 5th Marquess of Lansdowne">Lansdowne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Bruce,_9th_Earl_of_Elgin" title="Victor Bruce, 9th Earl of Elgin">Elgin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Curzon,_1st_Marquess_Curzon_of_Kedleston" title="George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston">Curzon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound,_4th_Earl_of_Minto" title="Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 4th Earl of Minto">Minto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Hardinge,_1st_Baron_Hardinge_of_Penshurst" title="Charles Hardinge, 1st Baron Hardinge of Penshurst">Penshurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederic_Thesiger,_1st_Viscount_Chelmsford" title="Frederic Thesiger, 1st Viscount Chelmsford">Chelmsford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rufus_Isaacs,_1st_Marquess_of_Reading" title="Rufus Isaacs, 1st Marquess of Reading">Reading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Wood,_1st_Earl_of_Halifax" title="Edward Wood, 1st Earl of Halifax">Irwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freeman_Freeman-Thomas,_1st_Marquess_of_Willingdon" title="Freeman Freeman-Thomas, 1st Marquess of Willingdon">Willingdon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archibald_Wavell,_1st_Earl_Wavell" title="Archibald Wavell, 1st Earl Wavell">Wavell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Mountbatten" title="Lord Mountbatten">Mountbatten</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Governors-general of the Union of India<br />(1947–1950)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Mountbatten" title="Lord Mountbatten">Mountbatten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._Rajagopalachari" title="C. Rajagopalachari">Rajagopalachari</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Representatives_of_the_monarch_in_Commonwealth_realms_and_dominions" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Representatives_of_the_monarch_in_Commonwealth_realms_and_Dominions" title="Template:Representatives of the monarch in 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class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Counsellor_of_State" title="Counsellor of State">Counsellors of State</a> (United Kingdom)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-general#Modern_Commonwealth" title="Governor-general">Governors-general</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Governor-General of Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Australia" title="Governor-General of Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_the_Bahamas" title="Governor-General of the Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Belize" title="Governor-General of Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_General_of_Canada" title="Governor General of Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Grenada" title="Governor-General of Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Jamaica" title="Governor-General of Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_New_Zealand" title="Governor-General of New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Governor-General of Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Governor-General of Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Saint_Lucia" title="Governor-General of Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Governor-General of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Solomon_Islands" title="Governor-General of Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Tuvalu" title="Governor-General of Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sub-national</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Governors_of_the_Australian_states" title="Governors of the Australian states">Australian state governors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_New_South_Wales" title="Governor of New South Wales">New South Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Queensland" title="Governor of Queensland">Queensland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_South_Australia" title="Governor of South Australia">South Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Tasmania" title="Governor of Tasmania">Tasmania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Victoria" title="Governor of Victoria">Victoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Western_Australia" title="Governor of Western Australia">Western Australia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_governor_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant governor (Canada)">Canadian lieutenant governors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Alberta" title="Lieutenant Governor of Alberta">Alberta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_British_Columbia" title="Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia"> British Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Manitoba" title="Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba">Manitoba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_New_Brunswick" title="Lieutenant Governor of New Brunswick">New Brunswick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Lieutenant Governor of Newfoundland and Labrador">Newfoundland and Labrador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Nova_Scotia" title="Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Ontario" title="Lieutenant Governor of Ontario">Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Prince_Edward_Island" title="Lieutenant Governor of Prince Edward Island">Prince Edward Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Quebec" title="Lieutenant Governor of Quebec">Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Saskatchewan" title="Lieutenant Governor of Saskatchewan">Saskatchewan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Realm_of_New_Zealand" title="Realm of New Zealand">Realm of New Zealand countries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Representative" title="King's Representative">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_New_Zealand" title="Governor-General of New Zealand">Niue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_New_Zealand" title="Governor-General of New Zealand">Tokelau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Crown_Dependencies" title="Crown Dependencies">Crown Dependencies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Guernsey" title="Lieutenant Governor of Guernsey">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Lieutenant Governor of the Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Jersey" title="Lieutenant Governor of Jersey">Jersey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">British Overseas Territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Anguilla" title="Governor of Anguilla">Anguilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Bermuda" title="Governor of Bermuda">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commissioner_for_the_British_Antarctic_Territory" title="Commissioner for the British Antarctic Territory">British Antarctic Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commissioner_for_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory" title="Commissioner for the British Indian Ocean Territory">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of the British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_the_Cayman_Islands" title="Governor of the Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_the_Falkland_Islands" title="Governor of the Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Gibraltar" title="Governor of Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Montserrat" title="Governor of Montserrat">Montserrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Pitcairn" title="Governor of Pitcairn">Pitcairn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Saint_Helena" title="Governor of Saint Helena">Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commissioner_for_South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands" title="Commissioner for South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands">South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Governor of the Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other viceregal representatives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Lord-lieutenant" title="Lord-lieutenant">United Kingdom lieutenancy areas</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Barbados" title="Governor-General of Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Ceylon" title="Governor-General of Ceylon">Ceylon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Fiji" title="Governor-General of Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_the_Gambia#Governor-General" title="List of heads of state of the Gambia">The Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Ghana#Governor-General" title="List of heads of state of Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Guyana#Governor-General" title="List of heads of state of Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_the_Irish_Free_State" title="Governor-General of the Irish Free State">Irish Free State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Kenya#Governor-General" title="List of heads of state of Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Malawi#Governor-General" title="List of heads of state of Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Malta" title="Governor-General of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Mauritius" title="Governor-General of Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Nigeria#Governor-General" title="List of heads of state of Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Pakistan" title="Governor-General of Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Sierra_Leone#Governor-General" title="List of heads of state of Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_South_Africa" title="Governor-General of South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Tanzania#Governor-General" title="List of heads of state of Tanzania">Tanganyika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago#Governor-General" title="List of heads of state of Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Uganda#Governor-general" title="List of heads of state of Uganda">Uganda</a></li></ul> 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