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Tillgänglig på 27 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-27" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">27 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85" title="العلاقة بين الدين والعلم – arabiska" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="العلاقة بين الدين والعلم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elm_v%C9%99_din" title="Elm və din – azerbajdzjanska" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Elm və din" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajdzjanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%93_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95" title="ধর্ম ও বিজ্ঞানের মধ্যকার সম্পর্ক – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ধর্ম ও বিজ্ঞানের মধ্যকার সম্পর্ক" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relaci%C3%B3_entre_ci%C3%A8ncia_i_religi%C3%B3" title="Relació entre ciència i religió – katalanska" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Relació entre ciència i religió" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naturwissenschaft_und_Religion" title="Naturwissenschaft und Religion – tyska" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Naturwissenschaft und Religion" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%87%CE%AD%CF%83%CE%B7_%CE%B8%CF%81%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%BA%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82_%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9_%CE%B5%CF%80%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AE%CE%BC%CE%B7%CF%82" title="Σχέση θρησκείας και επιστήμης – grekiska" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σχέση θρησκείας και επιστήμης" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grekiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relationship_between_religion_and_science" title="Relationship between religion and science – engelska" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Relationship between religion and science" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relaci%C3%B3n_entre_ciencia_y_religi%C3%B3n" title="Relación entre ciencia y religión – spanska" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Relación entre ciencia y religión" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rilatoj_inter_scienco_kaj_religio" title="Rilatoj inter scienco kaj religio – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Rilatoj inter scienco kaj religio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B7%D9%87_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D9%88_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86" title="رابطه علم و دین – persiska" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رابطه علم و دین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relation_entre_science_et_religion" title="Relation entre science et religion – franska" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Relation entre science et religion" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B3%BC%ED%95%99%EA%B3%BC_%EC%8B%A0%ED%95%99%EC%9D%98_%EA%B4%80%EA%B3%84" title="과학과 신학의 관계 – koreanska" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="과학과 신학의 관계" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubungan_antara_agama_dan_ilmu_pengetahuan" title="Hubungan antara agama dan ilmu pengetahuan – indonesiska" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Hubungan antara agama dan ilmu pengetahuan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapporto_fra_religione_e_scienza" title="Rapporto fra religione e scienza – italienska" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Rapporto fra religione e scienza" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italienska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%AA_%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%A2" title="דת ומדע – hebreiska" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דת ומדע" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Религија и наука – makedonska" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Религија и наука" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%87_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86_%D9%88_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85" title="العلاقه بين الدين و العلم – egyptisk arabiska" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="العلاقه بين الدين و العلم" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egyptisk arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E3%81%A8%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="宗教と科学 – japanska" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="宗教と科学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%88_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%86%DA%81_%D8%A7%DA%93%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%87" title="د دین او علم ترمنځ اړیکه – pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د دین او علم ترمنځ اړیکه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rela%C3%A7%C3%A3o_entre_religi%C3%A3o_e_ci%C3%AAncia" title="Relação entre religião e ciência – portugisiska" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Relação entre religião e ciência" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rela%C8%9Bia_dintre_religie_%C8%99i_%C8%99tiin%C8%9B%C4%83" title="Relația dintre religie și știință – rumänska" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Relația dintre religie și știință" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumänska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Религия и общество – ryska" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Религия и общество" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ryska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odnos_religije_i_nauke" title="Odnos religije i nauke – serbokroatiska" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Odnos religije i nauke" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tieteen_ja_uskonnon_v%C3%A4linen_suhde" title="Tieteen ja uskonnon välinen suhde – finska" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tieteen ja uskonnon välinen suhde" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%96_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Наука і релігія – ukrainska" lang="uk" 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Från Wikipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sv" dir="ltr"><p><b>Förhållandet mellan vetenskap och religion</b> handlar dels om var gränsen för <a href="/wiki/Vetenskap" title="Vetenskap">vetenskapens</a> räckvidd ska dras,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dels om hur gränslandet mellan vetenskap och <a href="/wiki/Religion" title="Religion">religion</a> ser ut<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Den första frågeställningen behandlas inom <a href="/wiki/Vetenskapsteori" title="Vetenskapsteori">vetenskapsteorin</a> och kallas <a href="/wiki/Demarkationsproblemet" title="Demarkationsproblemet">demarkationsproblemet</a>. Den andra frågeställningen kan antingen besvaras som ett motsatsförhållande där vetenskap och religion står i strid med varandra (den så kallade <a href="/wiki/Konflikttesen" title="Konflikttesen">konflikttesen</a>) eller som ett givande och tagande där vetenskapen och religionen korsbefruktar varandra. </p><p>Inom vetenskap, i synnerhet naturvetenskap, tillämpas <a href="/wiki/Metodologisk_naturalism" title="Metodologisk naturalism">metodologisk naturalism</a>, det vill säga man studerar endast naturens lagbundenhet och formulerar inte hypoteser och förklaringar som innefattar <a href="/wiki/%C3%96vernaturlig" title="Övernaturlig">övernaturliga</a> (icke lagbundna) fenomen. Enligt vissa vetenskapsteoretiker hamnar därmed övernaturliga fenomens eventuella existens utanför naturvetenskapens räckvidd.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Metodologisk naturalism tillämpas inte fullt ut inom <a href="/wiki/Parapsykologi" title="Parapsykologi">parapsykologi</a> men vanligen inom <a href="/wiki/Religionsvetenskap" title="Religionsvetenskap">religionsvetenskap</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historia">Historia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=F%C3%B6rh%C3%A5llandet_mellan_vetenskap_och_religion&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitt: Historia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=F%C3%B6rh%C3%A5llandet_mellan_vetenskap_och_religion&action=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Historia"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Några tidiga trossystem som grundade sig på empirism, logik och koherens etablerades i det antika <a href="/wiki/Grekland" title="Grekland">Grekland</a>. Dessa filosofier saknade gudar, andar och andra övernaturliga element. <a href="/wiki/Thales_fr%C3%A5n_Miletos" class="mw-redirect" title="Thales från Miletos">Thales från Miletos</a> betraktas ofta som den västerländska vetenskapens grundare. Hans idé att inte acceptera gudar inom vetenskapen ledde till att man sökte naturliga förklaringar till naturfenomen. Det friare, logiskt grundade och icke-doktrinära kunskapssökandet resulterade i en mycket stark kunskapsutveckling på förhållandevis kort tid. </p><p>Nybildade eller expanderande religioner kan ibland medföra att vetenskap, kultur och bildning ökar i spridning. Enligt en uppfattning hände detta under <a href="/wiki/Islamiska_expansionen" title="Islamiska expansionen">islams expansion</a> de första århundradena efter Muhammed. I öster samlade muslimska tänkare och filosofer in stora mängder vetenskaplig eller filosofisk litteratur i takt med islams expansion och erövringar. På ett liknande sätt har västerländsk kultur, teknologi och vetenskap spridits när kristendomen bredde ut sig över världen, till följd av migration, erövringar och mission. </p><p>Under medeltiden växte <a href="/wiki/Universitet" title="Universitet">universitetsväsendet</a> i Västeuropa fram. Framväxten var starkt kopplad till den katolska kyrkan och den kristna trons spridning norrut. <a href="/wiki/Teologi" title="Teologi">Teologi</a> och <a href="/wiki/Filosofi" title="Filosofi">filosofi</a> var de mest centrala ämnena. En viktig del av studierna var att formulera den kristna tron med hjälp av den antika filosofins (främst <a href="/wiki/Platon" title="Platon">Platons</a> och senare <a href="/wiki/Aristoteles" title="Aristoteles">Aristoteles</a>) terminologi. Arbetet kom i många fall att medföra en starkt konservativ vetenskapssyn. Kyrkans stora politiska inflytande medförde normer av trosmässig vetenskaplig likriktning. Vissa antika uppfattningar om exempelvis fysikaliska förhållanden gjordes till en del av den kristna trosläran, medan rön som stred mot kristna urkunder blev <a href="/wiki/Blasfemi" class="mw-redirect" title="Blasfemi">blasfemiska</a>. Detta fick till följd att nya vetenskapliga rön motarbetades och vetenskapsmän som <a href="/wiki/Galileo_Galilei" title="Galileo Galilei">Galileo Galilei</a> och <a href="/wiki/Nicolaus_Copernicus" title="Nicolaus Copernicus">Nicolaus Copernicus</a> motarbetades och trakasserades då deras forskningsresultat avvek från den av kyrkan då sanktionerade världsbilden. </p><p><b>Socinianismen</b> var en kristologisk lära utvecklad av bland annat italienaren <a href="/wiki/Fausto_Sozzini" class="mw-redirect" title="Fausto Sozzini">Fausto Sozzini</a> (1539-1604). Han menade att Bibelns innehåll måste underkastas förnuftet. <a href="/wiki/Socinianismen" class="mw-redirect" title="Socinianismen">Socinianismen</a> förkastade <a href="/wiki/Treenighetsl%C3%A4ran" title="Treenighetsläran">treenighetsläran</a>. </p><p>Under 1600- och 1700-talen fick den <a href="/wiki/Vetenskaplig_metod" title="Vetenskaplig metod">empiriska metoden</a> genomslag bland Europas lärda och man började finna svar på allt fler frågor utan att behöva tillgripa övernaturliga förklaringar. Religionens status började därigenom småningom att urholkas, inte minst genom 1700-talets <a href="/wiki/Upplysningen" class="mw-redirect" title="Upplysningen">upplysningsrörelse</a>. Många religioner som tillkommit sedan dess – som exempelvis <a href="/wiki/Bahai" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahai">bahá'í-tron</a> – anser att religion och vetenskap måste samverka och utvecklas parallellt för att samhället ska kunna utvecklas på ett harmoniskt sätt.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, <sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. I andra fall – särskilt i kristna kretsar i USA – förklarade religiösa företrädare "krig" mot vetenskapsmän som <a href="/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin">Charles Darwin</a> liksom mot <a href="/wiki/Gregor_Mendel" title="Gregor Mendel">Gregor Mendels</a> upptäckter, när dennes rön återupptäcktes i början av 1900-talet. Organisationer som <a href="/wiki/Kristen_Vetenskap" class="mw-redirect" title="Kristen Vetenskap">Christian Science</a> uppstod i USA i slutet av 1800-talet, som ett försök att bekämpa de vetenskaper och vetenskapliga rön som man uppfattade som stridande mot Bibeln och den kristna trosläran. </p><p>På ett liknande sätt har konservativa uppfattningar inom islam bidragit till att den muslimska världen tillhör världens minst vetenskapsorienterade områden och omfattar en av världens minst utbildade befolkningar. I Afrika ställer traditionell tro på <a href="/wiki/Voodoo" title="Voodoo">voodoo</a>, magi och <a href="/wiki/Shaman" class="mw-redirect" title="Shaman">shamaner</a> till problem med spridandet av modern kunskap, inte minst om medicin. Även asiatiska världsreligioner har resulterat i liknande perioder av kunskapsmässig och filosofisk stagnation. För Kinas del har många bedömare pekat på att <a href="/wiki/Daoism" title="Daoism">daoismen</a>, och i Japan <a href="/wiki/Shinto" title="Shinto">shinto</a>, stärkte de konservativa och isolationistiska föreställningar som rådde före <a href="/wiki/Meiji-restaurationen" class="mw-redirect" title="Meiji-restaurationen">Meiji-restaurationen</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Se_även"><span id="Se_.C3.A4ven"></span>Se även</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=F%C3%B6rh%C3%A5llandet_mellan_vetenskap_och_religion&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitt: Se även" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=F%C3%B6rh%C3%A5llandet_mellan_vetenskap_och_religion&action=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Se även"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Konflikttesen" title="Konflikttesen">Konflikttesen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religiositet_och_utbildningsniv%C3%A5" title="Religiositet och utbildningsnivå">Religiositet och utbildningsnivå</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vetenskapliga_studier_av_f%C3%B6rb%C3%B6n" title="Vetenskapliga studier av förbön">Vetenskapliga studier av förbön</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Källor"><span id="K.C3.A4llor"></span>Källor</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=F%C3%B6rh%C3%A5llandet_mellan_vetenskap_och_religion&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitt: Källor" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=F%C3%B6rh%C3%A5llandet_mellan_vetenskap_och_religion&action=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Källor"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <span class="reference-text">David B. Resnik; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0039-3681(00)00004-2"><i>A pragmatic approach to the demarcation problem</i></a>, Studies In History and Philosophy of Science Part A, Volume 31, Issue 2, juni 2000, sidor 249-267</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFMichael_Shermer2001">Michael Shermer (2001). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=KCanmmIb8QUC&lpg=PA14&vq=boundary%20problem&dq=Boundary%20problem%20pholosophy%20science&pg=PA14#v=snippet&q=boundary%20problem&f=false">The borderlands of science: where sense meets nonsense</a></i> (illustrated). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxford_University_Press_US&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oxford University Press US [inte skriven än]">Oxford University Press US</a>. sid. 10–30,54,216,244–245. <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/9780195143263" title="Special:Bokkällor/9780195143263">ISBN 9780195143263</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=KCanmmIb8QUC&lpg=PA14&vq=boundary%20problem&dq=Boundary%20problem%20pholosophy%20science&pg=PA14#v=snippet&q=boundary%20problem&f=false">http://books.google.com/books?id=KCanmmIb8QUC&lpg=PA14&vq=boundary%20problem&dq=Boundary%20problem%20pholosophy%20science&pg=PA14#v=snippet&q=boundary%20problem&f=false</a></span></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+borderlands+of+science%3A+where+sense+meets+nonsense&rft.aulast=Michael+Shermer&rft.au=Michael+Shermer&rft.date=2001&rft.pages=sid.%26nbsp%3B10%E2%80%9330%2C54%2C216%2C244%E2%80%93245&rft.edition=illustrated&rft.pub=%5B%5BOxford+University+Press+US%5D%5D&rft.isbn=9780195143263&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKCanmmIb8QUC%26lpg%3DPA14%26vq%3Dboundary%2520problem%26dq%3DBoundary%2520problem%2520pholosophy%2520science%26pg%3DPA14%23v%3Dsnippet%26q%3Dboundary%2520problem%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:F%C3%B6rh%C3%A5llandet_mellan_vetenskap_och_religion"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Dickerson R E <i>Journal of Molecular Evolution</i> 34:277-279</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Högnäs S <i>Idéernas historia. En översikt</i> 2003 sid 17f</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <span class="reference-text">'Abdu'l-Bahá Abbas (1911) '<i>Abdu'l-Bahá in London</i>, s 10. Manus senare sammanställt av Universella rättvisans hus.Ocean Research Library.Bahá'í-education.org. <cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100617065002/http://www.bahai-education.org/ocean/">”Arkiverade kopian”</a>. Arkiverad från <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bahai-education.org/ocean/">originalet</a> den 17 juni 2010<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100617065002/http://www.bahai-education.org/ocean/">https://web.archive.org/web/20100617065002/http://www.bahai-education.org/ocean/</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 9 juni 2010</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Arkiverade+kopian&rft.atitle=&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20100617065002%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.bahai-education.org%2Focean%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:F%C3%B6rh%C3%A5llandet_mellan_vetenskap_och_religion"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Hofman, D. (1977)<i>Civilisationens Förnyelse</i>, ss 61-63. Sollentuna: Bahá'í-förlaget AB</span> </li> </ol></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Hämtad från ”<a dir="ltr" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Förhållandet_mellan_vetenskap_och_religion&oldid=43640890">https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Förhållandet_mellan_vetenskap_och_religion&oldid=43640890</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kategorier" title="Wikipedia:Kategorier">Kategori</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Religion_och_vetenskap" title="Kategori:Religion och vetenskap">Religion och vetenskap</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Sidan redigerades senast den 30 september 2018 kl. 20.51.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Wikipedias text är tillgänglig under licensen <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.sv">Creative Commons Erkännande-dela-lika 4.0 Unported</a>. 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