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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Early life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_work" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_work"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Early work</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_work-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Writings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Other works</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works_about_his_religious_beliefs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works_about_his_religious_beliefs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Works about his religious beliefs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Works_about_his_religious_beliefs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Opinion_on_software_patents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opinion_on_software_patents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Opinion on software patents</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Opinion_on_software_patents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Programming" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Programming"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Programming</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Programming-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Programming subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Programming-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Digital_typesetting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Digital_typesetting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Digital typesetting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Digital_typesetting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literate_programming" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literate_programming"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Literate programming</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literate_programming-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Personal life</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Personal life subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Chinese_name" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chinese_name"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Chinese name</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chinese_name-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Humor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Humor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Humor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Humor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards_and_honors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards_and_honors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Awards and honors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards_and_honors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Publications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Publications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Publications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Publications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Donald Knuth</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 77 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-77" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">77 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF_%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%88%D8%AB" title="دونالد كينوث – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="دونالد كينوث" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Knuth" title="Donald Knuth – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Donald Knuth" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Knut" title="Donald Knut – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Donald Knut" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%84%D8%AF_%DA%A9%D9%86%D9%88%D8%AA" title="دانلد کنوت – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="دانلد کنوت" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1_%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A5" title="ডোনাল্ড কানুথ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ডোনাল্ড কানুথ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Knuth" title="Donald Knuth – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Donald Knuth" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4_%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%82" title="Дональд Эрвін Кнут – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Дональд Эрвін Кнут" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4_%D0%9A%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%82" title="Доналд Кнут – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Доналд Кнут" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Knuth" title="Donald Knuth – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Donald Knuth" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Knuth" title="Donald Knuth – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Donald Knuth" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Ervin_Knuth" title="Donald Ervin Knuth – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Donald Ervin Knuth" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Knuth" title="Donald Knuth – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Donald Knuth" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_E._Knuth" title="Donald E. Knuth – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Donald E. Knuth" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_E._Knuth" title="Donald E. Knuth – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Donald E. Knuth" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_E._Knuth" title="Donald E. Knuth – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Donald E. Knuth" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CF%84%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BD%CF%84_%CE%9A%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B8" title="Ντόναλντ Κνουθ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ντόναλντ Κνουθ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Knuth" title="Donald Knuth – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Donald Knuth" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Knuth" title="Donald Knuth – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Donald Knuth" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Knuth" title="Donald Knuth – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Donald Knuth" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%84%D8%AF_%DA%A9%D9%86%D9%88%D8%AA" title="دانلد کنوت – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دانلد کنوت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Knuth" title="Donald Knuth – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Donald Knuth" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Knuth" title="Donald Knuth – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Donald Knuth" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Knuth" title="Donald Knuth – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Donald Knuth" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Knuth" title="Donald Knuth – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Donald Knuth" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Knuth" title="Donald Knuth – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Donald Knuth" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8F%84%EB%84%90%EB%93%9C_%EC%BB%A4%EB%88%84%EC%8A%A4" title="도널드 커누스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="도널드 커누스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B4%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%A4_%D4%BF%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BF" title="Դոնալդ Կնուտ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Դոնալդ Կնուտ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Knuth" title="Donald Knuth – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Donald Knuth" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Knuth" title="Donald Knuth – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Donald Knuth" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Knuth" title="Donald Knuth – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Donald Knuth" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Knuth" title="Donald Knuth – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Donald Knuth" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%9C%D7%93_%D7%A7%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA%27" title="דונלד קנות' – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דונלד קנות'" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Knuth" title="Donald Knuth – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Donald Knuth" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%93_%E1%83%99%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="დონალდ კნუთი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="დონალდ კნუთი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4_%D0%9A%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%82" title="Дональд Кнут – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Дональд Кнут" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Knuth" title="Donald Knuth – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Donald Knuth" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Knuth" title="Donald Knuth – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Donald Knuth" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donaldus_Knuth" title="Donaldus Knuth – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Donaldus Knuth" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donalds_Knuts" title="Donalds Knuts – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Donalds Knuts" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_E._Knuth" title="Donald E. Knuth – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Donald E. Knuth" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Ervin_Knuth" title="Donald Ervin Knuth – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Donald Ervin Knuth" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Knuth" title="Donald Knuth – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Donald Knuth" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Knuth" title="Donald Knuth – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Donald Knuth" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4_%D0%9A%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%82" title="Доналд Кнут – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Доналд Кнут" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Knuth" title="Donald Knuth – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Donald Knuth" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BE%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D" title="ഡൊണാൾഡ് കനൂത്ത് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഡൊണാൾഡ് കനൂത്ത്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A5" title="डोनाल्ड क्नुथ – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="डोनाल्ड क्नुथ" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Knuth" title="Donald Knuth – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Donald Knuth" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%89%E3%83%8A%E3%83%AB%E3%83%89%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AF%E3%83%8C%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B9" title="ドナルド・クヌース – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ドナルド・クヌース" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Knuth" title="Donald Knuth – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Donald Knuth" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Knuth" title="Donald Knuth – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Donald Knuth" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Knut" title="Donald Knut – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Donald Knut" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Knuth" title="Donald Knuth – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Donald Knuth" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Knuth" title="Donald Knuth – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Donald Knuth" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_E._Knuth" title="Donald E. Knuth – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Donald E. Knuth" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%82,_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4_%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Кнут, Дональд Эрвин – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кнут, Дональд Эрвин" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Knuth" title="Donald Knuth – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Donald Knuth" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Knuth" title="Donald Knuth – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Donald Knuth" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Ervin_Knuth" title="Donald Ervin Knuth – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Donald Ervin Knuth" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Knuth" title="Donald Knuth – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Donald Knuth" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Knut" title="Donald Knut – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Donald Knut" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Knuth" title="Donald Knuth – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Donald Knuth" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Knuth" title="Donald Knuth – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Donald Knuth" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Knuth" title="Donald Knuth – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Donald Knuth" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Knuth" title="Donald Knuth – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Donald Knuth" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D" title="டொனால்ட் குனுத் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="டொனால்ட் குனுத்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8A%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D" title="డొనాల్డ్ నూత్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="డొనాల్డ్ నూత్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%98" title="ดอนัลด์ คนูธ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ดอนัลด์ คนูธ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Knuth" title="Donald Knuth – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Donald Knuth" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4_%D0%9A%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%82" title="Дональд Кнут – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Дональд Кнут" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Knuth" title="Donald Knuth – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Donald Knuth" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Knuth" title="Donald Knuth – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Donald Knuth" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%BE%B7%E7%BA%B3" title="高德纳 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="高德纳" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Knuth" title="Donald Knuth – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Donald Knuth" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%BE%B7%E7%B4%8D" title="高德納 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="高德納" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Knuth" title="Donald Knuth – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Donald Knuth" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%BE%B7%E7%BA%B3" title="高德纳 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="高德纳" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q17457#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Donald_Knuth" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Donald_Knuth" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American computer scientist and mathematician (born 1938)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Donald Knuth</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Donald_Ervin_Knuth_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Donald_Ervin_Knuth_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Donald_Ervin_Knuth_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Donald_Ervin_Knuth_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Donald_Ervin_Knuth_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Donald_Ervin_Knuth_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Donald_Ervin_Knuth_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="797" data-file-height="1197" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Knuth in 2011</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Donald Ervin Knuth</div><br /><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1938-01-10</span>) </span>January 10, 1938<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 86)</span><br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Milwaukee" title="Milwaukee">Milwaukee, Wisconsin</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Case_Western_Reserve_University" title="Case Western Reserve University">Case Institute of Technology</a> (<a href="/wiki/B.S." class="mw-redirect" title="B.S.">BS</a>, <a href="/wiki/M.S." class="mw-redirect" title="M.S.">MS</a>)</li><li><a href="/wiki/California_Institute_of_Technology" title="California Institute of Technology">California Institute of Technology</a> (<a href="/wiki/PhD" class="mw-redirect" title="PhD">PhD</a>)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"><i>See list</i></span></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Art_of_Computer_Programming" title="The Art of Computer Programming">The Art of Computer Programming</a></i>,</li><li><a href="/wiki/TeX" title="TeX">TeX</a>, <a href="/wiki/METAFONT" class="mw-redirect" title="METAFONT">METAFONT</a>,</li><li><a href="/wiki/Computer_Modern" title="Computer Modern">Computer Modern</a>,</li><li><a href="/wiki/Knuth%27s_up-arrow_notation" title="Knuth's up-arrow notation">Knuth's up-arrow notation</a>,</li><li><a href="/wiki/Knuth%E2%80%93Morris%E2%80%93Pratt_algorithm" title="Knuth–Morris–Pratt algorithm">Knuth–Morris–Pratt algorithm</a>,</li><li><a href="/wiki/Knuth%E2%80%93Bendix_completion_algorithm" title="Knuth–Bendix completion algorithm">Knuth–Bendix completion algorithm</a>,</li><li><a href="/wiki/MMIX" title="MMIX">MMIX</a>,</li><li><a href="/wiki/Robinson%E2%80%93Schensted%E2%80%93Knuth_correspondence" title="Robinson–Schensted–Knuth correspondence">Robinson–Schensted–Knuth correspondence</a>, <a href="/wiki/LR_parser" title="LR parser">LR parser</a>,</li><li><a href="/wiki/Literate_programming" title="Literate programming">Literate programming</a></li></ul></div></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Nancy Jill Carter</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">2</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"><i>See list</i></span></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outstanding_Contribution_to_Computer_Science_Education" class="mw-redirect" title="Outstanding Contribution to Computer Science Education">SIGCSE Outstanding Contribution</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grace_Murray_Hopper_Award" title="Grace Murray Hopper Award">Grace Murray Hopper Award</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turing_Award" title="Turing Award">Turing Award</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_National_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Member of the National Academy of Sciences">Member of the National Academy of Sciences</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Medal_of_Science" title="National Medal of Science">National Medal of Science</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_von_Neumann_Medal" class="mw-redirect" title="John von Neumann Medal">John von Neumann Medal</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Prize" title="Harvey Prize">Harvey Prize</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyoto_Prize" title="Kyoto Prize">Kyoto Prize</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Member_of_the_Royal_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign Member of the Royal Society">Foreign Member of the Royal Society</a> (2003)<sup id="cite_ref-formemrs_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-formemrs-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faraday_Medal" class="mw-redirect" title="Faraday Medal">Faraday Medal</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBVA_Foundation_Frontiers_of_Knowledge_Award" title="BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award">BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turing_Lecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Turing Lecture">Turing Lecture</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flajolet_Lecture_Prize" title="Flajolet Lecture Prize">Flajolet Lecture</a> (2014)</li></ul> </div></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fields</th><td class="infobox-data category"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mathematics" title="Mathematics">Mathematics</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Computer_science" title="Computer science">Computer science</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a><br /><a href="/wiki/University_of_Oslo" title="University of Oslo">University of Oslo</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Thesis" title="Thesis">Thesis</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thesis.library.caltech.edu/2441/1/Knuth_de_1963.pdf">Finite Semifields and Projective Planes</a></i> <span style="font-size:97%;">(1963)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Doctoral_advisor" title="Doctoral advisor">Doctoral advisor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Hall_(mathematician)" title="Marshall Hall (mathematician)">Marshall Hall, Jr.</a><sup id="cite_ref-mathgene_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mathgene-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Doctoral students</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leonidas_J._Guibas" title="Leonidas J. Guibas">Leonidas J. Guibas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Fredman" title="Michael Fredman">Michael Fredman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Kim" title="Scott Kim">Scott Kim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaughan_Pratt" title="Vaughan Pratt">Vaughan Pratt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Sedgewick_(computer_scientist)" title="Robert Sedgewick (computer scientist)">Robert Sedgewick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Vitter" title="Jeffrey Vitter">Jeffrey Vitter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrei_Broder" title="Andrei Broder">Andrei Broder</a><sup id="cite_ref-mathgene_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mathgene-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cs.stanford.edu/~knuth">cs<wbr />.stanford<wbr />.edu<wbr />/~knuth</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Donald Ervin Knuth</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/uː/: 'oo' in 'goose'">uː</span><span title="/θ/: 'th' in 'thigh'">θ</span></span>/</a></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-faq_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-faq-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">kə-<span style="font-size:90%">NOOTH</span></i></a>; born January 10, 1938) is an American computer scientist and mathematician. He is a <a href="/wiki/Professor_emeritus" class="mw-redirect" title="Professor emeritus">professor emeritus</a> at <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a>. He is the 1974 recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Acm_Turing_award" class="mw-redirect" title="Acm Turing award">ACM Turing Award</a>, informally considered the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize" title="Nobel Prize">Nobel Prize</a> of computer science.<sup id="cite_ref-Turing_Award_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Turing_Award-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Knuth has been called the "father of the <a href="/wiki/Analysis_of_algorithms" title="Analysis of algorithms">analysis of algorithms</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Knuth is the author of the multi-volume work <i><a href="/wiki/The_Art_of_Computer_Programming" title="The Art of Computer Programming">The Art of Computer Programming</a></i>. He contributed to the development of the rigorous analysis of the <a href="/wiki/Computational_complexity" title="Computational complexity">computational complexity</a> of algorithms and systematized formal mathematical techniques for it. In the process, he also popularized the <a href="/wiki/Big_O_notation" title="Big O notation">asymptotic notation</a>. In addition to fundamental contributions in several branches of <a href="/wiki/Theoretical_computer_science" title="Theoretical computer science">theoretical computer science</a>, Knuth is the creator of the <a href="/wiki/TeX" title="TeX">TeX</a> computer typesetting system, the related <a href="/wiki/METAFONT" class="mw-redirect" title="METAFONT">METAFONT</a> font definition language and rendering system, and the <a href="/wiki/Computer_Modern" title="Computer Modern">Computer Modern</a> family of typefaces. </p><p>As a writer and scholar, Knuth created the <a href="/wiki/WEB" class="mw-redirect" title="WEB">WEB</a> and <a href="/wiki/CWEB" class="mw-redirect" title="CWEB">CWEB</a> computer programming systems designed to encourage and facilitate <a href="/wiki/Literate_programming" title="Literate programming">literate programming</a>, and designed the <a href="/wiki/MIX_(abstract_machine)" title="MIX (abstract machine)">MIX</a>/<a href="/wiki/MMIX" title="MMIX">MMIX</a> <a href="/wiki/Instruction_set" class="mw-redirect" title="Instruction set">instruction set architectures</a>. He strongly opposes the granting of <a href="/wiki/Software_patent" title="Software patent">software patents</a>, and has expressed <a href="#Opinion_on_software_patents">his opinion</a> to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Patent_and_Trademark_Office" title="United States Patent and Trademark Office">United States Patent and Trademark Office</a> and <a href="/wiki/European_Patent_Organisation" title="European Patent Organisation">European Patent Organisation</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_Knuth&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_life">Early life</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_Knuth&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Donald Knuth was born in <a href="/wiki/Milwaukee" title="Milwaukee">Milwaukee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a>, to Ervin Henry Knuth and Louise Marie Bohning.<sup id="cite_ref-MacTutor_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MacTutor-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He describes his heritage as "Midwestern Lutheran German".<sup id="cite_ref-Feigenbaum_2007_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Feigenbaum_2007-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 66">: 66 </span></sup> His father owned a small printing business and taught bookkeeping.<sup id="cite_ref-Raskin2013_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Raskin2013-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While a student at <a href="/wiki/Milwaukee_Lutheran_High_School" title="Milwaukee Lutheran High School">Milwaukee Lutheran High School</a>, Knuth thought of ingenious ways to solve problems. For example, in eighth grade, he entered a contest to find the number of words that the letters in "Ziegler's Giant Bar" could be rearranged to create; the judges had identified 2,500 such words. With time gained away from school due to a fake stomachache, Knuth used an unabridged dictionary and determined whether each dictionary entry could be formed using the letters in the phrase. Using this algorithm, he identified over 4,500 words, winning the contest.<sup id="cite_ref-Feigenbaum_2007_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Feigenbaum_2007-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 3">: 3 </span></sup> As prizes, the school received a new television and enough candy bars for all of his schoolmates to eat.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education">Education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_Knuth&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Knuth received a scholarship in physics to the Case Institute of Technology (now part of <a href="/wiki/Case_Western_Reserve_University" title="Case Western Reserve University">Case Western Reserve University</a>) in <a href="/wiki/Cleveland" title="Cleveland">Cleveland</a>, Ohio, enrolling in 1956.<sup id="cite_ref-ency2020_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ency2020-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also joined the Beta Nu Chapter of the <a href="/wiki/Theta_Chi_fraternity" class="mw-redirect" title="Theta Chi fraternity">Theta Chi fraternity</a>. While studying physics at Case, Knuth was introduced to the <a href="/wiki/IBM_650" title="IBM 650">IBM 650</a>, an early commercial <a href="/wiki/Computer" title="Computer">computer</a>. After reading the computer's manual, Knuth decided to rewrite the <a href="/wiki/Assembly_code" class="mw-redirect" title="Assembly code">assembly</a> and <a href="/wiki/Compiler" title="Compiler">compiler</a> code for the machine used in his school because he believed he could do it better.<sup id="cite_ref-Koshy2004_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Koshy2004-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1958, Knuth created a program to help his school's basketball team win its games.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He assigned "values" to players in order to gauge their probability of scoring points, a novel approach that <i><a href="/wiki/Newsweek" title="Newsweek">Newsweek</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/CBS_Evening_News" title="CBS Evening News">CBS Evening News</a></i> later reported on.<sup id="cite_ref-Koshy2004_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Koshy2004-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Knuth was one of the founding editors of the Case Institute's <i>Engineering and Science Review</i>, which won a national award as best technical magazine in 1959.<sup id="cite_ref-BetaNu-Case-edu_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BetaNu-Case-edu-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BetaNu-ThetaChi-org_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BetaNu-ThetaChi-org-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He then switched from physics to mathematics, and received two degrees from Case in 1960:<sup id="cite_ref-ency2020_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ency2020-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> his Bachelor of Science, and simultaneously a master of science by a special award of the faculty, who considered his work exceptionally outstanding.<sup id="cite_ref-Turing_Award_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Turing_Award-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Koshy2004_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Koshy2004-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the end of his senior year at Case in 1960, Knuth proposed to <a href="/wiki/Burroughs_Corporation" title="Burroughs Corporation">Burroughs Corporation</a> to write an <a href="/wiki/ALGOL" title="ALGOL">ALGOL</a> compiler for the B205 for $5,500. The proposal was accepted and he worked on the ALGOL compiler between graduating from Case and going to <a href="/wiki/California_Institute_of_Technology" title="California Institute of Technology">Caltech</a>. <sup id="cite_ref-Feigenbaum_2007_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Feigenbaum_2007-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 66">: 66 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Waychoff_1979_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Waychoff_1979-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 7">: 7 </span></sup> </p><p>In 1963, with mathematician <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Hall_(mathematician)" title="Marshall Hall (mathematician)">Marshall Hall</a> as his adviser,<sup id="cite_ref-mathgene_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mathgene-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he earned a PhD in mathematics from the <a href="/wiki/California_Institute_of_Technology" title="California Institute of Technology">California Institute of Technology</a>, with a thesis titled <i>Finite Semifields and Projective Planes</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_work">Early work</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_Knuth&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Early work"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1963, after receiving his PhD, Knuth joined Caltech's faculty as an assistant professor.<sup id="cite_ref-vitae_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vitae-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While at Caltech and after the success of the Burroughs B205 ALGOL compiler, he became consultant to Burroughs Corporation, joining the Product Planning Department. At Caltech he was operating as a mathematician but at Burroughs as a programmer working with the people he considered to have written the best software at the time in the ALGOL compiler for the B220 computer (successor to the B205).<sup id="cite_ref-Feigenbaum_2007_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Feigenbaum_2007-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 9">: 9 </span></sup> </p><p>He was offered a $100,000 contract to write compilers at Green Tree Corporation but turned it down making a decision not to optimize income and continued at Caltech and Burroughs. He received a National Science Foundation Fellowship and Woodrow Wilson Foundation Fellowship but they had the condition that you could not do anything else but study as a graduate student so he would not be able to continue as a consultant to Burroughs. He chose to turn down the fellowships and continued with Burroughs.<sup id="cite_ref-Feigenbaum_2007_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Feigenbaum_2007-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 12">: 12 </span></sup> In summer 1962, he wrote a FORTRAN compiler for Univac, but considered that “I sold my soul to the devil” to write a FORTRAN compiler.<sup id="cite_ref-Feigenbaum_2007_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Feigenbaum_2007-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 15">: 15 </span></sup> </p><p>After graduating, Knuth returned to Burroughs in June 1961 but did not tell them he had graduated with a master's degree, rather than the expected bachelor's degree. Impressed by the ALGOL syntax chart, symbol table, recursive-descent approach and the separation of the scanning, parsing and emitting functions of the compiler Knuth suggested an extension to the symbol table that one symbol could stand for a string of symbols. This became the basis of the DEFINE in Burroughs ALGOL, which has since been adopted by other languages. However, some really disliked the idea and wanted DEFINE removed. The last person to think it was a terrible idea was <a href="/wiki/Edsger_W._Dijkstra" title="Edsger W. Dijkstra">Edsger Dijkstra</a> on a visit to Burroughs.<sup id="cite_ref-Waychoff_1979_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Waychoff_1979-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 17">: 17 </span></sup> </p><p>Knuth worked on simulation languages at Burroughs producing SOL ‘Simulation Oriented Language’, an improvement on the state-of-the-art, co-designed with J. McNeeley. He attended a conference in Norway in May, 1967 organised by the people who invented the Simula language. Knuth influenced Burroughs to use Simula.<sup id="cite_ref-Dahl_2001_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dahl_2001-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Biography_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Biography-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Knuth had a long association with Burroughs as a consultant from 1960 to 1968 until his move into more academic work at Stanford in 1969.<sup id="cite_ref-Nance_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nance-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Knuth_CV_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Knuth_CV-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1962, Knuth accepted a commission from Addison-Wesley to write a book on computer <a href="/wiki/Programming_language" title="Programming language">programming language</a> <a href="/wiki/Compiler" title="Compiler">compilers</a>. While working on this project, he decided that he could not adequately treat the topic without first developing a fundamental theory of computer programming, which became <i><a href="/wiki/The_Art_of_Computer_Programming" title="The Art of Computer Programming">The Art of Computer Programming</a></i>. He originally planned to publish this as a single book, but as he developed his outline for the book, he concluded that he required six volumes, and then seven, to thoroughly cover the subject. He published the first volume in 1968.<sup id="cite_ref-TAOCP_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TAOCP-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Just before publishing the first volume of <i>The Art of Computer Programming</i>, Knuth left Caltech to accept employment with the <a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Defense_Analyses#Center_for_Communications_and_Computing" title="Institute for Defense Analyses">Institute for Defense Analyses' Communications Research Division</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Institute_for_Defense_Analyses_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Institute_for_Defense_Analyses-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> then situated on the <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton</a> campus, which was performing mathematical research in <a href="/wiki/Cryptography" title="Cryptography">cryptography</a> to support the <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Agency" title="National Security Agency">National Security Agency</a>. </p><p>In 1967, Knuth attended a <a href="/wiki/Society_for_Industrial_and_Applied_Mathematics" title="Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics">Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics</a> conference and someone asked what he did. At the time, computer science was partitioned into <a href="/wiki/Numerical_analysis" title="Numerical analysis">numerical analysis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence" title="Artificial intelligence">artificial intelligence</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Programming_language_theory" title="Programming language theory">programming languages</a>. Based on his study and <i>The Art of Computer Programming</i> book, Knuth decided the next time someone asked he would say, "Analysis of algorithms".<sup id="cite_ref-quanta_magazine_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-quanta_magazine-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1969, Knuth left his position at Princeton to join the <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a> faculty,<sup id="cite_ref-Computer_Science_department_timeline_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Computer_Science_department_timeline-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where he became <a href="/wiki/Fletcher_R._Jones" class="mw-redirect" title="Fletcher R. Jones">Fletcher Jones</a> Professor of Computer Science in 1977. He became Professor of The Art of Computer Programming in 1990, and has been emeritus since 1993.<sup id="cite_ref-homepage_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-homepage-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Writings">Writings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_Knuth&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Writings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Knuth is a writer as well as a computer scientist.<sup id="cite_ref-vitae_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vitae-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Art_of_Computer_Programming_(TAOCP)"><span id="The_Art_of_Computer_Programming_.28TAOCP.29"></span><i>The Art of Computer Programming</i> (<i>TAOCP</i>)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_Knuth&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: The Art of Computer Programming (TAOCP)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/The_Art_of_Computer_Programming" title="The Art of Computer Programming">The Art of Computer Programming</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>"The best way to communicate from one human being to another is through story."</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Donald Knuth<sup id="cite_ref-quanta_magazine_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-quanta_magazine-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>In the 1970s, Knuth called computer science "a totally new field with no real identity. And the standard of available publications was not that high. A lot of the papers coming out were quite simply wrong. ... So one of my motivations was to put straight a story that had been very badly told."<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 1972 to 1973, Knuth spent a year at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oslo" title="University of Oslo">University of Oslo</a> among people such as <a href="/wiki/Ole-Johan_Dahl" title="Ole-Johan Dahl">Ole-Johan Dahl</a>. This is where he had originally intended to write the seventh volume in his book series, which was to deal with programming languages. But Knuth had finished only the first two volumes when he came to Oslo, and thus spent the year on the third volume, next to teaching. The third volume came out just after Knuth returned to Stanford in 1973.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 2011, Volume 4A had been published.<sup id="cite_ref-TAOCP_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TAOCP-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Concrete_Mathematics" title="Concrete Mathematics">Concrete Mathematics: A Foundation for Computer Science</a></i> 2nd ed., which originated with an expansion of the mathematical preliminaries section of Volume 1 of <i>TAoCP</i>, was published in 1994. In April 2020, Knuth said he anticipated that Volume 4 will have at least parts A through F.<sup id="cite_ref-quanta_magazine_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-quanta_magazine-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Volume 4B was published in October 2022. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_works">Other works</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_Knuth&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Other works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Knuth is also the author of <i><a href="/wiki/Surreal_Numbers_(book)" class="mw-redirect" title="Surreal Numbers (book)">Surreal Numbers</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-surreal_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-surreal-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a mathematical novelette on <a href="/wiki/John_Horton_Conway" title="John Horton Conway">John Conway</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Set_theory" title="Set theory">set theory</a> construction of an alternate system of numbers. Instead of simply explaining the subject, the book seeks to show the development of the mathematics. Knuth wanted the book to prepare students for doing original, creative research. </p><p>In 1995, Knuth wrote the foreword to the book <i>A=B</i> by <a href="/wiki/Marko_Petkov%C5%A1ek" title="Marko Petkovšek">Marko Petkovšek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Wilf" title="Herbert Wilf">Herbert Wilf</a> and <a href="/wiki/Doron_Zeilberger" title="Doron Zeilberger">Doron Zeilberger</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also occasionally contributes language puzzles to <i><a href="/wiki/Word_Ways:_The_Journal_of_Recreational_Linguistics" class="mw-redirect" title="Word Ways: The Journal of Recreational Linguistics">Word Ways: The Journal of Recreational Linguistics</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Knuth has delved into <a href="/wiki/Recreational_mathematics" title="Recreational mathematics">recreational mathematics</a>. He contributed articles to the <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Recreational_Mathematics" title="Journal of Recreational Mathematics">Journal of Recreational Mathematics</a></i> beginning in the 1960s, and was acknowledged as a major contributor in <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Madachy" title="Joseph Madachy">Joseph Madachy</a>'s <i>Mathematics on Vacation</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Knuth also appears in a number of <a href="/wiki/Numberphile" title="Numberphile">Numberphile</a><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Computerphile videos on <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>, where he discusses topics from writing <i>Surreal Numbers</i><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to why he does not use email.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Knuth had proposed the name "<a href="/wiki/Algorithmics" class="mw-redirect" title="Algorithmics">algorithmics</a>" as a better name for the discipline of computer science.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Works_about_his_religious_beliefs">Works about his religious beliefs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_Knuth&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Works about his religious beliefs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In addition to his writings on computer science, Knuth, a <a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheran</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPlatoni2006_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPlatoni2006-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is also the author of <i>3:16 Bible Texts Illuminated</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in which he examines the Bible by a process of <a href="/wiki/Systematic_sampling" title="Systematic sampling">systematic sampling</a>, namely an analysis of chapter 3, verse 16 of each book. Each verse is accompanied by a rendering in calligraphic art, contributed by a group of calligraphers led by <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Zapf" title="Hermann Zapf">Hermann Zapf</a>. Knuth was invited to give a set of lectures at MIT on the views on religion and computer science behind his 3:16 project, resulting in another book, <i><a href="/wiki/Things_a_Computer_Scientist_Rarely_Talks_About" title="Things a Computer Scientist Rarely Talks About">Things a Computer Scientist Rarely Talks About</a></i>, where he published the lectures <i>God and Computer Science</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Knuth_2001_Rarely_Talks_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Knuth_2001_Rarely_Talks-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Opinion_on_software_patents">Opinion on software patents</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_Knuth&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Opinion on software patents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Knuth strongly opposes granting <a href="/wiki/Software_patent" title="Software patent">software patents</a> to trivial solutions that should be obvious, but has expressed more nuanced views for nontrivial solutions such as the <a href="/wiki/Interior-point_method" title="Interior-point method">interior-point method</a> of <a href="/wiki/Linear_programming" title="Linear programming">linear programming</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He has expressed his disagreement directly to both the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Patent_and_Trademark_Office" title="United States Patent and Trademark Office">United States Patent and Trademark Office</a> and <a href="/wiki/European_Patent_Organisation" title="European Patent Organisation">European Patent Organisation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Programming">Programming</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_Knuth&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Programming"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Digital_typesetting">Digital typesetting</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_Knuth&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Digital typesetting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 1970s, the publishers of <a href="/wiki/TAOCP" class="mw-redirect" title="TAOCP">TAOCP</a> abandoned <a href="/wiki/Monotype_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Monotype System">Monotype</a> in favor of <a href="/wiki/Phototypesetting" title="Phototypesetting">phototypesetting</a>. Knuth became so frustrated with the inability of the latter system to approach the quality of the previous volumes, which were typeset using the older system, that he took time out to work on digital typesetting and created <a href="/wiki/TeX" title="TeX">TeX</a> and <a href="/wiki/Metafont" title="Metafont">Metafont</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literate_programming">Literate programming</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_Knuth&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Literate programming"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While developing TeX, Knuth created a new methodology of programming, which he called <a href="/wiki/Literate_programming" title="Literate programming">literate programming</a>, because he believed that programmers should think of programs as works of literature: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Instead of imagining that our main task is to instruct a computer what to do, let us concentrate rather on explaining to human beings what we want a computer to do.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Knuth embodied the idea of literate programming in the <a href="/wiki/WEB" class="mw-redirect" title="WEB">WEB</a> system. The same WEB source is used to <i>weave</i> a TeX file, and to <i>tangle</i> a <a href="/wiki/Pascal_(programming_language)" title="Pascal (programming language)">Pascal</a> source file. These in their turn produce a readable description of the program and an executable binary respectively. A later iteration of the system, <a href="/wiki/CWEB" class="mw-redirect" title="CWEB">CWEB</a>, replaces Pascal with <a href="/wiki/C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">C</a>, <a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++">C++</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Java_(programming_language)" title="Java (programming language)">Java</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Knuth used WEB to program TeX and METAFONT, and published both programs as books, both originally published the same year: <i>TeX: The Program</i> (1986); and <i>METAFONT: The Program</i> (1986).<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Around the same time, <a href="/wiki/LaTeX" title="LaTeX">LaTeX</a>, the now-widely adopted macro package based on TeX, was first developed by <a href="/wiki/Leslie_Lamport" title="Leslie Lamport">Leslie Lamport</a>, who later published its first user manual in 1986.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_Knuth&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Donald Knuth married Nancy Jill Carter on 24 June 1961, while he was a graduate student at the California Institute of Technology. They have two children: John Martin Knuth and Jennifer Sierra Knuth.<sup id="cite_ref-OConnerEtRobertson_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OConnerEtRobertson-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Knuth gives informal lectures a few times a year at <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a>, which he calls "Computer Musings". He was a visiting professor at the <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Department_of_Computer_Science" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxford University Department of Computer Science">Oxford University Department of Computer Science</a> in the United Kingdom until 2017 and an Honorary Fellow of <a href="/wiki/Magdalen_College,_Oxford" title="Magdalen College, Oxford">Magdalen College</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Knuth is an <a href="/wiki/Organist" title="Organist">organist</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Composer" title="Composer">composer</a>. He and his father served as organists for Lutheran congregations. Knuth and his wife have a 16-rank organ in their home.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2016 he completed a piece for organ, <i>Fantasia Apocalyptica</i>, which he calls a "translation of the Greek text of the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Revelation" title="Book of Revelation">Revelation of Saint John the Divine</a> into music". It was premièred in <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> on January 10, 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chinese_name">Chinese name</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_Knuth&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Chinese name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Knuth's <a href="/wiki/Chinese_name" title="Chinese name">Chinese name</a> is <a href="/wiki/Gao_(surname)" title="Gao (surname)">Gao</a> Dena (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans">高德纳</span>; <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hant">高德納</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Gāo Dénà</span></i>).<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-faq_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-faq-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was <a href="/wiki/Phono-semantic_matching" title="Phono-semantic matching">given</a> this name in 1977 by <a href="/wiki/Frances_Yao" title="Frances Yao">Frances Yao</a> shortly before making a three-week trip to <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-faq_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-faq-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-The_Art_of_Computer_Programming_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Art_of_Computer_Programming-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1980 Chinese translation of Volume 1 of <i>The Art of Computer Programming</i> (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans">计算机程序设计艺术</span>; <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hant">計算機程式設計藝術</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Jìsuànjī chéngxù shèjì yìshù</span></i>), Knuth explains that he embraced his Chinese name because he wanted to be known by the growing numbers of computer programmers in China at the time. In 1989, his Chinese name was placed atop the <i>Journal of Computer Science and Technology</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'s</span> header, which Knuth says "makes me feel close to all Chinese people although I cannot speak your language".<sup id="cite_ref-The_Art_of_Computer_Programming_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Art_of_Computer_Programming-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Humor">Humor</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_Knuth&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Humor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Knuth-check2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Knuth-check2.png/220px-Knuth-check2.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Knuth-check2.png/330px-Knuth-check2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Knuth-check2.png/440px-Knuth-check2.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="408" /></a><figcaption>One of <a href="/wiki/Knuth_reward_check" title="Knuth reward check">Knuth's reward checks</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Knuth used to pay a <a href="/wiki/Finder%27s_fee" title="Finder's fee">finder's fee</a> of $2.56 for any typographical errors or mistakes discovered in his books, because "256 pennies is one <a href="/wiki/Hexadecimal" title="Hexadecimal">hexadecimal</a> dollar", and $0.32 for "valuable suggestions". According to an article in the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a>'s <i>Technology Review</i>, these <a href="/wiki/Knuth_reward_check" title="Knuth reward check">Knuth reward checks</a> are "among computerdom's most prized trophies". Knuth had to stop sending real checks in 2008 due to bank fraud, and now gives each error finder a "certificate of deposit" from a publicly listed balance in his fictitious "Bank of <a href="/wiki/San_Serriffe" title="San Serriffe">San Serriffe</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He once warned a correspondent, "Beware of bugs in the above code; I have only proved it correct, not tried it."<sup id="cite_ref-faq_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-faq-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Knuth published his first "scientific" article in a school magazine in 1957 under the title "The <a href="/wiki/Potrzebie" title="Potrzebie">Potrzebie</a> System of Weights and Measures". In it, he defined the <a href="/wiki/Fundamental_unit" class="mw-redirect" title="Fundamental unit">fundamental unit</a> of <a href="/wiki/Length" title="Length">length</a> as the thickness of <i><a href="/wiki/Mad_(magazine)" title="Mad (magazine)">Mad</a></i> No. 26, and named the fundamental unit of <a href="/wiki/Force" title="Force">force</a> "whatmeworry". <i>Mad</i> published the article in issue No. 33 (June 1957).<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-kidder_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kidder-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To demonstrate the concept of <a href="/wiki/Recursion" title="Recursion">recursion</a>, Knuth intentionally referred "Circular definition" and "Definition, circular" to each other in the index of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Art_of_Computer_Programming" title="The Art of Computer Programming">The Art of Computer Programming</a>, Volume 1</i>. </p><p> The preface of <i><a href="/wiki/Concrete_Mathematics" title="Concrete Mathematics">Concrete Mathematics</a></i> has the following paragraph:<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>When DEK taught Concrete Mathematics at Stanford for the first time, he explained the somewhat strange title by saying that it was his attempt to teach a math course that was hard instead of soft. He announced that, contrary to the expectations of his colleagues, he was <i>not</i> going to teach the Theory of Aggregates, nor <a href="/wiki/Stone%27s_representation_theorem_for_Boolean_algebras" title="Stone's representation theorem for Boolean algebras">Stone's Embedding Theorem</a>, nor even the <a href="/wiki/Stone%E2%80%93%C4%8Cech_compactification" title="Stone–Čech compactification">Stone–Čech compactification</a>. (Several students from the civil engineering department got up and quietly left the room.)</p></blockquote> <p>At the TUG 2010 Conference, Knuth announced a satirical <a href="/wiki/XML" title="XML">XML</a>-based successor to TeX, titled "iTeX" (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[iː˨˩˦tɛks˧˥]</a></span>, performed with a bell ringing), which would support features such as arbitrarily scaled irrational units, <a href="/wiki/3D_printing" title="3D printing">3D printing</a>, input from seismographs and heart monitors, animation, and stereophonic sound.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards_and_honors">Awards and honors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_Knuth&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Awards and honors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1971, Knuth received the first <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">ACM</a> <a href="/wiki/Grace_Murray_Hopper_Award" title="Grace Murray Hopper Award">Grace Murray Hopper Award</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Turing_Award_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Turing_Award-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He has received various other awards, including the <a href="/wiki/Turing_Award" title="Turing Award">Turing Award</a>, the <a href="/wiki/National_Medal_of_Science" title="National Medal of Science">National Medal of Science</a>, the <a href="/wiki/John_von_Neumann_Medal" class="mw-redirect" title="John von Neumann Medal">John von Neumann Medal</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Kyoto_Prize" title="Kyoto Prize">Kyoto Prize</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Turing_Award_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Turing_Award-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Knuth was elected a Distinguished Fellow of the British Computer Society (DFBCS) in 1980 in recognition of his contributions to the field of computer science.<sup id="cite_ref-BCS_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BCS-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1990, he was awarded the one-of-a-kind academic title <i>Professor of The Art of Computer Programming</i>; the title has since been revised to <i>Professor <a href="/wiki/Emeritus" title="Emeritus">Emeritus</a> of The Art of Computer Programming</i>. </p><p>Knuth was elected to the <a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Sciences" title="National Academy of Sciences">National Academy of Sciences</a> in 1975. He was also elected a member of the <a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Engineering" title="National Academy of Engineering">National Academy of Engineering</a> in 1981 for organizing vast subject areas of computer science so that they are accessible to all segments of the computing community. In 1992, he became an associate of the <a href="/wiki/French_Academy_of_Sciences" title="French Academy of Sciences">French Academy of Sciences</a>. Also that year, he retired from regular research and teaching at <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a> in order to finish <i><a href="/wiki/The_Art_of_Computer_Programming" title="The Art of Computer Programming">The Art of Computer Programming</a></i>. He was elected a <a href="/wiki/List_of_Fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_2003" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Fellows of the Royal Society elected in 2003">Foreign Member of the Royal Society (ForMemRS) in 2003</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-formemrs_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-formemrs-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Knuth was elected as a Fellow (first class of Fellows) of the <a href="/wiki/Society_for_Industrial_and_Applied_Mathematics" title="Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics">Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics</a> in 2009 for his outstanding contributions to mathematics.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is a member of the <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Academy_of_Science_and_Letters" title="Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters">Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2012, he became a fellow of the <a href="/wiki/American_Mathematical_Society" title="American Mathematical Society">American Mathematical Society</a><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a member of the <a href="/wiki/American_Philosophical_Society" title="American Philosophical Society">American Philosophical Society</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other awards and honors include: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 35em;"> <ul><li>First <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">ACM</a> <a href="/wiki/Grace_Murray_Hopper_Award" title="Grace Murray Hopper Award">Grace Murray Hopper Award</a>, 1971<sup id="cite_ref-Turing_Award_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Turing_Award-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turing_Award" title="Turing Award">Turing Award</a>, 1974<sup id="cite_ref-Turing_Award_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Turing_Award-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lester_R._Ford_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Lester R. Ford Award">Lester R. Ford Award</a>, 1975<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 1993<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Willard_Gibbs_Lectureship" title="Josiah Willard Gibbs Lectureship">Josiah Willard Gibbs Lecturer</a>, 1978<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Medal_of_Science" title="National Medal of Science">National Medal of Science</a>, 1979<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Golden Plate Award of the <a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Achievement" title="Academy of Achievement">American Academy of Achievement</a>, 1985<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Medal" title="Franklin Medal">Franklin Medal</a>, 1988<sup id="cite_ref-Turing_Award_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Turing_Award-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_von_Neumann_Medal" class="mw-redirect" title="John von Neumann Medal">John von Neumann Medal</a>, 1995<sup id="cite_ref-Turing_Award_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Turing_Award-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Prize" title="Harvey Prize">Harvey Prize</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Technion_%E2%80%93_Israel_Institute_of_Technology" title="Technion – Israel Institute of Technology">Technion</a>, 1995<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyoto_Prize" title="Kyoto Prize">Kyoto Prize</a>, 1996<sup id="cite_ref-Turing_Award_4-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Turing_Award-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Fellow of the <a href="/wiki/Computer_History_Museum" title="Computer History Museum">Computer History Museum</a> "for his fundamental early work in the history of computing algorithms, development of the TeX typesetting language, and for major contributions to mathematics and computer science." 1998<sup id="cite_ref-ComputerHistory_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ComputerHistory-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Asteroid <a href="/wiki/21656_Knuth" class="mw-redirect" title="21656 Knuth">21656 Knuth</a>, named in his honor in May 2001<sup id="cite_ref-MPC-object_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MPC-object-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MPC-Circulars-Archive_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MPC-Circulars-Archive-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Katayanagi Prize, 2010<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBVA_Foundation_Frontiers_of_Knowledge_Award" title="BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award">BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award</a> in the category of Information and Communication Technologies, 2010<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turing_Lecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Turing Lecture">Turing Lecture</a>, 2011</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanford_University_School_of_Engineering" title="Stanford University School of Engineering">Stanford University School of Engineering</a> Hero Award, 2011<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flajolet_Lecture_Prize" title="Flajolet Lecture Prize">Flajolet Lecture Prize</a>, 2014<sup id="cite_ref-lecture2014_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lecture2014-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publications">Publications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_Knuth&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A short list of his publications include:<sup id="cite_ref-books_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-books-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>The Art of Computer Programming</i>: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ol><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKnuth1997" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">——— (1997). <a href="/wiki/The_Art_of_Computer_Programming" title="The Art of Computer Programming"><i>The Art of Computer Programming</i></a>. Vol. 1: Fundamental Algorithms (3rd ed.). Addison-Wesley Professional. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-201-89683-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-201-89683-1"><bdi>978-0-201-89683-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Art+of+Computer+Programming&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Addison-Wesley+Professional&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-201-89683-1&rft.aulast=Knuth&rft.aufirst=Donald+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Knuth" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnuth1997" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">——— (1997). <a href="/wiki/The_Art_of_Computer_Programming" title="The Art of Computer Programming"><i>The Art of Computer Programming</i></a>. Vol. 2: Seminumerical Algorithms (3rd ed.). Addison-Wesley Professional. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-201-89684-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-201-89684-8"><bdi>978-0-201-89684-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Art+of+Computer+Programming&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Addison-Wesley+Professional&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-201-89684-8&rft.aulast=Knuth&rft.aufirst=Donald+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Knuth" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnuth1998" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">——— (1998). <a href="/wiki/The_Art_of_Computer_Programming" title="The Art of Computer Programming"><i>The Art of Computer Programming</i></a>. Vol. 3: Sorting and Searching (2nd ed.). Addison-Wesley Professional. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-201-89685-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-201-89685-5"><bdi>978-0-201-89685-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Art+of+Computer+Programming&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Addison-Wesley+Professional&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-201-89685-5&rft.aulast=Knuth&rft.aufirst=Donald+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Knuth" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnuth2011" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">——— (2011). <a href="/wiki/The_Art_of_Computer_Programming" title="The Art of Computer Programming"><i>The Art of Computer Programming</i></a>. Vol. 4A: Combinatorial Algorithms, Part 1. Addison-Wesley Professional. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-201-03804-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-201-03804-0"><bdi>978-0-201-03804-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Art+of+Computer+Programming&rft.pub=Addison-Wesley+Professional&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-201-03804-0&rft.aulast=Knuth&rft.aufirst=Donald+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Knuth" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnuth2022" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">——— (2022). <a href="/wiki/The_Art_of_Computer_Programming" title="The Art of Computer Programming"><i>The Art of Computer Programming</i></a>. Vol. 4B: Combinatorial Algorithms, Part 2. Addison-Wesley Professional. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-201-03806-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-201-03806-4"><bdi>978-0-201-03806-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Art+of+Computer+Programming&rft.pub=Addison-Wesley+Professional&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-0-201-03806-4&rft.aulast=Knuth&rft.aufirst=Donald+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Knuth" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnuth2005" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">——— (2005). <a href="/wiki/MMIX" title="MMIX"><i>MMIX—A RISC Computer for the New Millennium</i></a>. Vol. 1, Fascicle 1. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-201-85392-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-201-85392-6"><bdi>978-0-201-85392-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=MMIX%E2%80%94A+RISC+Computer+for+the+New+Millennium&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-201-85392-6&rft.aulast=Knuth&rft.aufirst=Donald+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Knuth" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnuth2008" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">——— (2008). <i>The Art of Computer Programming</i>. Vol. 4, Fascicle 0: Introduction to Combinatorial Algorithms and Boolean Functions. Addison-Wesley. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-321-53496-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-321-53496-5"><bdi>978-0-321-53496-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Art+of+Computer+Programming&rft.pub=Addison-Wesley&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-321-53496-5&rft.aulast=Knuth&rft.aufirst=Donald+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Knuth" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnuth2009" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">——— (2009). <i>The Art of Computer Programming</i>. Vol. 4, Fascicle 1: Bitwise Tricks & Techniques, Binary Decision Diagrams. Addison-Wesley. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-321-58050-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-321-58050-4"><bdi>978-0-321-58050-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Art+of+Computer+Programming&rft.pub=Addison-Wesley&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-321-58050-4&rft.aulast=Knuth&rft.aufirst=Donald+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Knuth" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnuth2005" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">——— (2005). <i>The Art of Computer Programming</i>. Vol. 4, Fascicle 2: Generating All Tuples and Permutations. Addison-Wesley. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-201-85393-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-201-85393-3"><bdi>978-0-201-85393-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Art+of+Computer+Programming&rft.pub=Addison-Wesley&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-201-85393-3&rft.aulast=Knuth&rft.aufirst=Donald+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Knuth" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnuth2005" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">——— (2005). <i>The Art of Computer Programming</i>. Vol. 4, Fascicle 3: Generating All Combinations and Partitions. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-201-85394-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-201-85394-0"><bdi>978-0-201-85394-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Art+of+Computer+Programming&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-201-85394-0&rft.aulast=Knuth&rft.aufirst=Donald+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Knuth" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnuth2006" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">——— (2006). <i>The Art of Computer Programming</i>. Vol. 4, Fascicle 4: Generating All Trees—History of Combinatorial Generation. Addison-Wesley. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-321-33570-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-321-33570-8"><bdi>978-0-321-33570-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Art+of+Computer+Programming&rft.pub=Addison-Wesley&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-321-33570-8&rft.aulast=Knuth&rft.aufirst=Donald+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Knuth" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnuth2018" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">——— (2018). <i>The Art of Computer Programming</i>. Vol. 4, Fascicle 5: Mathematical Preliminaries Redux, Backtracking, Dancing Links. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-134-67179-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-134-67179-6"><bdi>978-0-134-67179-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Art+of+Computer+Programming&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-0-134-67179-6&rft.aulast=Knuth&rft.aufirst=Donald+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Knuth" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnuth2015" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">——— (2015). <i>The Art of Computer Programming</i>. Vol. 4, Fascicle 6: Satisfiability. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-134-39760-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-134-39760-3"><bdi>978-0-134-39760-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Art+of+Computer+Programming&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-134-39760-3&rft.aulast=Knuth&rft.aufirst=Donald+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Knuth" class="Z3988"></span></li></ol> </div> <p><i>Computers and Typesetting</i> (all books are hardcover unless otherwise noted): </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ol><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnuth1984" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">——— (1984). <i>Computers & Typesetting</i>. Vol. A, The TeXbook. Reading, <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">MA</a>: Addison-Wesley. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-201-13447-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-201-13447-6"><bdi>978-0-201-13447-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Computers+%26+Typesetting&rft.place=Reading%2C+MA&rft.pub=Addison-Wesley&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=978-0-201-13447-6&rft.aulast=Knuth&rft.aufirst=Donald+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Knuth" class="Z3988"></span>, x+483pp.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnuth1984" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">——— (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/texbook00dona"><i>Computers & Typesetting</i></a>. Vol. A, The TeXbook. Reading, <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">MA</a>: Addison-Wesley. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-201-13448-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-201-13448-3"><bdi>978-0-201-13448-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Computers+%26+Typesetting&rft.place=Reading%2C+MA&rft.pub=Addison-Wesley&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=978-0-201-13448-3&rft.aulast=Knuth&rft.aufirst=Donald+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftexbook00dona&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Knuth" class="Z3988"></span> (softcover).</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnuth1986" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">——— (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/texprogram00knut"><i>Computers & Typesetting</i></a>. Vol. B, TeX: The Program. Reading, <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">MA</a>: Addison-Wesley. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-201-13437-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-201-13437-7"><bdi>978-0-201-13437-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Computers+%26+Typesetting&rft.place=Reading%2C+MA&rft.pub=Addison-Wesley&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=978-0-201-13437-7&rft.aulast=Knuth&rft.aufirst=Donald+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftexprogram00knut&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Knuth" class="Z3988"></span>, xviii+600pp.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnuth1986" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">——— (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/metafontbook00knut"><i>Computers & Typesetting</i></a>. Vol. C, The METAFONTbook. Reading, <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">MA</a>: Addison-Wesley. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-201-13445-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-201-13445-2"><bdi>978-0-201-13445-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Computers+%26+Typesetting&rft.place=Reading%2C+MA&rft.pub=Addison-Wesley&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=978-0-201-13445-2&rft.aulast=Knuth&rft.aufirst=Donald+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmetafontbook00knut&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Knuth" class="Z3988"></span>, xii+361pp.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnuth1986" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">——— (1986). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/metafontbook00knut"><i>Computers & Typesetting</i></a></span>. Vol. C, The METAFONTbook. Reading, <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">MA</a>: Addison-Wesley. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-201-13444-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-201-13444-5"><bdi>978-0-201-13444-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Computers+%26+Typesetting&rft.place=Reading%2C+MA&rft.pub=Addison-Wesley&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=978-0-201-13444-5&rft.aulast=Knuth&rft.aufirst=Donald+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmetafontbook00knut&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Knuth" class="Z3988"></span> (softcover).</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnuth1986" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">——— (1986). <i>Computers & Typesetting</i>. Vol. D, METAFONT: The Program. Reading, <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">MA</a>: Addison-Wesley. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-201-13438-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-201-13438-4"><bdi>978-0-201-13438-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Computers+%26+Typesetting&rft.place=Reading%2C+MA&rft.pub=Addison-Wesley&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=978-0-201-13438-4&rft.aulast=Knuth&rft.aufirst=Donald+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Knuth" class="Z3988"></span>, xviii+566pp.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnuth1986" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">——— (1986). <i>Computers & Typesetting</i>. Vol. E, Computer Modern Typefaces. Reading, <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">MA</a>: Addison-Wesley. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-201-13446-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-201-13446-9"><bdi>978-0-201-13446-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Computers+%26+Typesetting&rft.place=Reading%2C+MA&rft.pub=Addison-Wesley&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=978-0-201-13446-9&rft.aulast=Knuth&rft.aufirst=Donald+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Knuth" class="Z3988"></span>, xvi+588pp.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnuth2000" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">——— (2000). <i>Computers & Typesetting</i>. Vol. A-E Boxed Set. Reading, <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">MA</a>: Addison-Wesley. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-201-73416-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-201-73416-4"><bdi>978-0-201-73416-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Computers+%26+Typesetting&rft.place=Reading%2C+MA&rft.pub=Addison-Wesley&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-201-73416-4&rft.aulast=Knuth&rft.aufirst=Donald+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Knuth" class="Z3988"></span></li></ol> </div> <p>Books of collected papers: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ol><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnuth1992" class="citation book cs1">——— (1992). <a href="/wiki/Literate_Programming" class="mw-redirect" title="Literate Programming"><i>Literate Programming</i></a>. Lecture Notes. Stanford, <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">CA</a>: <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University_Centers_and_Institutes#Center_for_the_Study_of_Language_and_Information" class="mw-redirect" title="Stanford University Centers and Institutes">Center for the Study of Language and Information</a>—CSLI. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-937073-80-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-937073-80-3"><bdi>978-0-937073-80-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Literate+Programming&rft.place=Stanford%2C+CA&rft.series=Lecture+Notes&rft.pub=Center+for+the+Study+of+Language+and+Information%E2%80%94CSLI&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-937073-80-3&rft.aulast=Knuth&rft.aufirst=Donald+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Knuth" class="Z3988"></span><sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnuth1996" class="citation book cs1">——— (1996). <i>Selected Papers on Computer Science</i>. Lecture Notes. Stanford, <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">CA</a>: Center for the Study of Language and Information—CSLI. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-881526-91-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-881526-91-9"><bdi>978-1-881526-91-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Selected+Papers+on+Computer+Science&rft.place=Stanford%2C+CA&rft.series=Lecture+Notes&rft.pub=Center+for+the+Study+of+Language+and+Information%E2%80%94CSLI&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-1-881526-91-9&rft.aulast=Knuth&rft.aufirst=Donald+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Knuth" class="Z3988"></span><sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnuth1999" class="citation book cs1">——— (1999). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/digitaltypograph0000knut"><i>Digital Typography</i></a></span>. Lecture Notes. Stanford, <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">CA</a>: Center for the Study of Language and Information—CSLI. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57586-010-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57586-010-7"><bdi>978-1-57586-010-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Digital+Typography&rft.place=Stanford%2C+CA&rft.series=Lecture+Notes&rft.pub=Center+for+the+Study+of+Language+and+Information%E2%80%94CSLI&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-1-57586-010-7&rft.aulast=Knuth&rft.aufirst=Donald+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdigitaltypograph0000knut&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Knuth" class="Z3988"></span><sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnuth2000" class="citation book cs1">——— (2000). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/selectedpaperson0000knut"><i>Selected Papers on Analysis of Algorithms</i></a></span>. Lecture Notes. Stanford, <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">CA</a>: Center for the Study of Language and Information—CSLI. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57586-212-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57586-212-5"><bdi>978-1-57586-212-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Selected+Papers+on+Analysis+of+Algorithms&rft.place=Stanford%2C+CA&rft.series=Lecture+Notes&rft.pub=Center+for+the+Study+of+Language+and+Information%E2%80%94CSLI&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-1-57586-212-5&rft.aulast=Knuth&rft.aufirst=Donald+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fselectedpaperson0000knut&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Knuth" class="Z3988"></span><sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnuth2003" class="citation book cs1">——— (2003). <i>Selected Papers on Computer Languages</i>. Lecture Notes. Stanford, <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">CA</a>: Center for the Study of Language and Information—CSLI. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57586-381-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57586-381-8"><bdi>978-1-57586-381-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Selected+Papers+on+Computer+Languages&rft.place=Stanford%2C+CA&rft.series=Lecture+Notes&rft.pub=Center+for+the+Study+of+Language+and+Information%E2%80%94CSLI&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-57586-381-8&rft.aulast=Knuth&rft.aufirst=Donald+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Knuth" class="Z3988"></span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-57586-382-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-57586-382-0">1-57586-382-0</a> (paperback)<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnuth2003" class="citation book cs1">——— (2003). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/selectedpaperson0000knut_d0j2"><i>Selected Papers on Discrete Mathematics</i></a></span>. Lecture Notes. Stanford, <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">CA</a>: Center for the Study of Language and Information—CSLI. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57586-249-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57586-249-1"><bdi>978-1-57586-249-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Selected+Papers+on+Discrete+Mathematics&rft.place=Stanford%2C+CA&rft.series=Lecture+Notes&rft.pub=Center+for+the+Study+of+Language+and+Information%E2%80%94CSLI&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-57586-249-1&rft.aulast=Knuth&rft.aufirst=Donald+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fselectedpaperson0000knut_d0j2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Knuth" class="Z3988"></span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-57586-248-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-57586-248-4">1-57586-248-4</a> (paperback)<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Donald E. Knuth, Selected Papers on Design of Algorithms (Stanford, California: Center for the Study of Language and Information—CSLI Lecture Notes, no. 191), 2010. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-57586-583-1" title="Special:BookSources/1-57586-583-1">1-57586-583-1</a> (cloth), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-57586-582-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-57586-582-3">1-57586-582-3</a> (paperback)<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Donald E. Knuth, Selected Papers on Fun and Games (Stanford, California: Center for the Study of Language and Information—CSLI Lecture Notes, no. 192), 2011. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57586-585-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57586-585-0">978-1-57586-585-0</a> (cloth), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57586-584-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57586-584-3">978-1-57586-584-3</a> (paperback)<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Donald E. Knuth, Companion to the Papers of Donald Knuth (Stanford, California: Center for the Study of Language and Information—CSLI Lecture Notes, no. 202), 2011. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57586-635-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57586-635-2">978-1-57586-635-2</a> (cloth), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57586-634-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57586-634-5">978-1-57586-634-5</a> (paperback)<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> </div> <p>Other books: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ol><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrahamKnuthPatashnik1994" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ronald_L._Graham" class="mw-redirect" title="Ronald L. Graham">Graham, Ronald L</a>; Knuth, Donald E.; <a href="/wiki/Oren_Patashnik" title="Oren Patashnik">Patashnik, Oren</a> (1994). <a href="/wiki/Concrete_Mathematics" title="Concrete Mathematics"><i>Concrete mathematics: A foundation for computer science</i></a> (Second ed.). Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-201-55802-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-201-55802-9"><bdi>978-0-201-55802-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/MR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="MR (identifier)">MR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathscinet.ams.org/mathscinet-getitem?mr=1397498">1397498</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Concrete+mathematics%3A+A+foundation+for+computer+science&rft.place=Reading%2C+MA&rft.edition=Second&rft.pub=Addison-Wesley&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-201-55802-9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmathscinet.ams.org%2Fmathscinet-getitem%3Fmr%3D1397498%23id-name%3DMR&rft.aulast=Graham&rft.aufirst=Ronald+L&rft.au=Knuth%2C+Donald+E.&rft.au=Patashnik%2C+Oren&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Knuth" class="Z3988"></span> xiv+657 pp.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnuth1974" class="citation book cs1">Knuth, Donald Ervin (1974). <i>Surreal numbers: how two ex-students turned on to pure mathematics and found total happiness: a mathematical novelette</i>. Addison-Wesley. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-201-03812-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-201-03812-5"><bdi>978-0-201-03812-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Surreal+numbers%3A+how+two+ex-students+turned+on+to+pure+mathematics+and+found+total+happiness%3A+a+mathematical+novelette&rft.pub=Addison-Wesley&rft.date=1974&rft.isbn=978-0-201-03812-5&rft.aulast=Knuth&rft.aufirst=Donald+Ervin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Knuth" class="Z3988"></span><sup id="cite_ref-surreal_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-surreal-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Donald E. Knuth, The Stanford GraphBase: A Platform for Combinatorial Computing (New York, ACM Press) 1993. second paperback printing 2009. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-321-60632-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-321-60632-9">0-321-60632-9</a></li> <li>Donald E. Knuth, 3:16 Bible Texts Illuminated (Madison, Wisconsin: A-R Editions), 1990. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89579-252-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-89579-252-4">0-89579-252-4</a></li> <li>Donald E. Knuth, <a href="/wiki/Things_a_Computer_Scientist_Rarely_Talks_About" title="Things a Computer Scientist Rarely Talks About">Things a Computer Scientist Rarely Talks About</a> (Center for the Study of Language and Information—CSLI Lecture Notes no 136), 2001. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-57586-326-X" title="Special:BookSources/1-57586-326-X">1-57586-326-X</a></li> <li>Donald E. Knuth, MMIXware: A RISC Computer for the Third Millennium (Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag— Lecture Notes in Computer Science, no. 1750), 1999. viii+550pp. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-540-66938-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-540-66938-8">978-3-540-66938-8</a></li> <li>Donald E. Knuth and Silvio Levy, The CWEB System of Structured Documentation (Reading, Massachusetts: Addison-Wesley), 1993. iv+227pp. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-201-57569-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-201-57569-8">0-201-57569-8</a>. Third printing 2001 with hypertext support, ii + 237 pp.</li> <li>Donald E. Knuth, Tracy L. Larrabee, and Paul M. Roberts, Mathematical Writing (Washington, D.C.: Mathematical Association of America), 1989. ii+115pp <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0883850633" title="Special:BookSources/978-0883850633">978-0883850633</a></li> <li>Daniel H. Greene and Donald E. Knuth, Mathematics for the Analysis of Algorithms (Boston: Birkhäuser), 1990. viii+132pp. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0817647285" title="Special:BookSources/978-0817647285">978-0817647285</a></li> <li>Donald E. Knuth, <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Mariages Stables: et leurs relations avec d'autres problèmes combinatoires (Montréal: Les Presses de l'Université de Montréal)</i></span>, 1976. 106pp. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0840503428" title="Special:BookSources/978-0840503428">978-0840503428</a></li> <li>Donald E. Knuth, Stable Marriage and Its Relation to Other Combinatorial Problems: An Introduction to the Mathematical Analysis of Algorithms. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0821806036" title="Special:BookSources/978-0821806036">978-0821806036</a></li> <li>Donald E. Knuth, Axioms and Hulls (Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag—Lecture Notes in Computer Science, no. 606), 1992. ix+109pp. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-540-55611-7" title="Special:BookSources/3-540-55611-7">3-540-55611-7</a></li></ol> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_Knuth&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asymptotic_notation" class="mw-redirect" title="Asymptotic notation">Asymptotic notation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attribute_grammar" title="Attribute grammar">Attribute grammar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CC_system" title="CC system">CC system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dancing_Links" title="Dancing Links">Dancing Links</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knuth_-yllion" class="mw-redirect" title="Knuth -yllion">Knuth -yllion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knuth%E2%80%93Bendix_completion_algorithm" title="Knuth–Bendix completion algorithm">Knuth–Bendix completion algorithm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knuth_Prize" title="Knuth Prize">Knuth Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knuth_shuffle" class="mw-redirect" title="Knuth shuffle">Knuth shuffle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knuth%27s_Algorithm_X" title="Knuth's Algorithm X">Knuth's Algorithm X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knuth%27s_Simpath_algorithm" title="Knuth's Simpath algorithm">Knuth's Simpath algorithm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knuth%27s_up-arrow_notation" title="Knuth's up-arrow notation">Knuth's up-arrow notation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knuth%E2%80%93Morris%E2%80%93Pratt_algorithm" title="Knuth–Morris–Pratt algorithm">Knuth–Morris–Pratt algorithm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragon_curve#Twindragon" title="Dragon curve">Davis–Knuth dragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bender%E2%80%93Knuth_involution" title="Bender–Knuth involution">Bender–Knuth involution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trabb_Pardo%E2%80%93Knuth_algorithm" class="mw-redirect" title="Trabb Pardo–Knuth algorithm">Trabb Pardo–Knuth algorithm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisher%E2%80%93Yates_shuffle" title="Fisher–Yates shuffle">Fisher–Yates shuffle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robinson%E2%80%93Schensted%E2%80%93Knuth_correspondence" title="Robinson–Schensted–Knuth correspondence">Robinson–Schensted–Knuth correspondence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man_or_boy_test" title="Man or boy test">Man or boy test</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plactic_monoid" title="Plactic monoid">Plactic monoid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quater-imaginary_base" title="Quater-imaginary base">Quater-imaginary base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TeX" title="TeX">TeX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Termial" class="mw-redirect" title="Termial">Termial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Complexity_of_Songs" title="The Complexity of Songs">The Complexity of Songs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniform_binary_search" title="Uniform binary search">Uniform binary search</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_pioneers_in_computer_science" title="List of pioneers in computer science">List of pioneers in computer science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_and_religion_scholars" class="mw-redirect" title="List of science and religion scholars">List of science and religion scholars</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_Knuth&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-formemrs-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-formemrs_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-formemrs_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151117113154/https://royalsociety.org/people/donald-knuth-11764/">"Professor Donald Knuth ForMemRS"</a>. London: <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://royalsociety.org/people/donald-knuth-11764/">the original</a> on November 17, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Professor+Donald+Knuth+ForMemRS&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Royal+Society&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Froyalsociety.org%2Fpeople%2Fdonald-knuth-11764%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Knuth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mathgene-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mathgene_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mathgene_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mathgene_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathgenealogy.org/id.php?id=10416">Donald Knuth</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Mathematics_Genealogy_Project" title="Mathematics Genealogy Project">Mathematics Genealogy Project</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-faq-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-faq_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-faq_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-faq_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-faq_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnuth" class="citation web cs1">Knuth, Donald Ervin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cs.stanford.edu/~knuth/faq.html">"Frequently Asked Questions"</a>. <i>Home page</i>. <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190803223521/https://www.cs.stanford.edu/~knuth/faq.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 3, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 2,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Home+page&rft.atitle=Frequently+Asked+Questions&rft.aulast=Knuth&rft.aufirst=Donald+Ervin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcs.stanford.edu%2F~knuth%2Ffaq.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Knuth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Turing_Award-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Turing_Award_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Turing_Award_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Turing_Award_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Turing_Award_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Turing_Award_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Turing_Award_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Turing_Award_4-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Turing_Award_4-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Turing_Award_4-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalden" class="citation web cs1">Walden, David. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/knuth_1013846.cfm">"Donald E. Knuth - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191017231352/http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/knuth_1013846.cfm">Archived</a> from the original on October 17, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 14,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Donald+E.+Knuth+-+A.M.+Turing+Award+Laureate&rft.aulast=Walden&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famturing.acm.org%2Faward_winners%2Fknuth_1013846.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Knuth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKarp1986" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Richard_M._Karp" title="Richard M. Karp">Karp, Richard M.</a> (February 1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F5657.5658">"Combinatorics, Complexity, and Randomness"</a>. <i>Communications of the ACM</i>. <b>29</b> (2): 98–109. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F5657.5658">10.1145/5657.5658</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Communications+of+the+ACM&rft.atitle=Combinatorics%2C+Complexity%2C+and+Randomness&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=98-109&rft.date=1986-02&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1145%2F5657.5658&rft.aulast=Karp&rft.aufirst=Richard+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1145%252F5657.5658&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Knuth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MacTutor-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MacTutor_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'ConnorRobertson2015" class="citation cs2">O'Connor, John J.; <a href="/wiki/Edmund_F._Robertson" title="Edmund F. Robertson">Robertson, Edmund F.</a> (October 2015), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Knuth.html">"Donald Knuth"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/MacTutor_History_of_Mathematics_Archive" title="MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive">MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_St_Andrews" title="University of St Andrews">University of St Andrews</a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 2,</span> 2021</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Donald+Knuth&rft.btitle=MacTutor+History+of+Mathematics+Archive&rft.pub=University+of+St+Andrews&rft.date=2015-10&rft.aulast=O%27Connor&rft.aufirst=John+J.&rft.au=Robertson%2C+Edmund+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk%2FBiographies%2FKnuth.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Knuth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Feigenbaum_2007-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Feigenbaum_2007_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Feigenbaum_2007_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Feigenbaum_2007_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Feigenbaum_2007_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Feigenbaum_2007_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Feigenbaum_2007_7-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFeigenbaum2007" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Feigenbaum" title="Edward Feigenbaum">Feigenbaum, Edward</a> (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.computerhistory.org/resources/text/Oral_History/Knuth_Don_1/Knuth_Don.oral_history.2007.102658053_all.pdf">"Oral History of Donald Knuth"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Computer History Museum</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081209120854/http://archive.computerhistory.org/resources/text/Oral_History/Knuth_Don_1/Knuth_Don.oral_history.2007.102658053_all.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on December 9, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 17,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Computer+History+Museum&rft.atitle=Oral+History+of+Donald+Knuth&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Feigenbaum&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.computerhistory.org%2Fresources%2Ftext%2FOral_History%2FKnuth_Don_1%2FKnuth_Don.oral_history.2007.102658053_all.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Knuth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Raskin2013-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Raskin2013_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMolly_Knight_Raskin2013" class="citation book cs1">Molly Knight Raskin (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Pi79AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA61"><i>No Better Time: The Brief, Remarkable Life of Danny Lewin--the Genius who Transformed the Internet</i></a>. Da Capo Press, Incorporated. pp. 61–62. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-306-82166-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-306-82166-0"><bdi>978-0-306-82166-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=No+Better+Time%3A+The+Brief%2C+Remarkable+Life+of+Danny+Lewin--the+Genius+who+Transformed+the+Internet&rft.pages=61-62&rft.pub=Da+Capo+Press%2C+Incorporated&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-306-82166-0&rft.au=Molly+Knight+Raskin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPi79AgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA61&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Knuth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShashaLazere1998" class="citation book cs1">Shasha, Dennis Elliott; Lazere, Cathy A (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-0tDZX3z-8UC&pg=PA90"><i>Out of their minds: the lives and discoveries of 15 great computer scientists</i></a>. Springer. p. 90. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-387-98269-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-387-98269-4"><bdi>978-0-387-98269-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Out+of+their+minds%3A+the+lives+and+discoveries+of+15+great+computer+scientists&rft.pages=90&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-387-98269-4&rft.aulast=Shasha&rft.aufirst=Dennis+Elliott&rft.au=Lazere%2C+Cathy+A&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-0tDZX3z-8UC%26pg%3DPA90&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Knuth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnuth2011" class="citation book cs1">Knuth, Donald (2011). <i>Selected Papers on Fun and Games</i>. Center for the Study of Language and Information—CSLI Lecture Notes, no. 192. p. 400. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57586-584-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57586-584-3"><bdi>978-1-57586-584-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Selected+Papers+on+Fun+and+Games&rft.pages=400&rft.pub=Center+for+the+Study+of+Language+and+Information%E2%80%94CSLI+Lecture+Notes%2C+no.+192&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-57586-584-3&rft.aulast=Knuth&rft.aufirst=Donald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Knuth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ency2020-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ency2020_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ency2020_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.encyclopedia.com/people/science-and-technology/computers-and-computing-biographies/donald-e-knuth">"Donald E. Knuth"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 17,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia.com&rft.atitle=Donald+E.+Knuth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.encyclopedia.com%2Fpeople%2Fscience-and-technology%2Fcomputers-and-computing-biographies%2Fdonald-e-knuth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Knuth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Koshy2004-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Koshy2004_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Koshy2004_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Koshy2004_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKoshy2004" class="citation book cs1">Koshy, Thomas (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=90KApidK5NwC&pg=PA244"><i>Discrete mathematics with applications</i></a>. Academic Press. p. 244. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-12-421180-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-12-421180-3"><bdi>978-0-12-421180-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121112175255/http://books.google.com/books?id=90KApidK5NwC&pg=PA244">Archived</a> from the original on November 12, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 30,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Discrete+mathematics+with+applications&rft.pages=244&rft.pub=Academic+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-12-421180-3&rft.aulast=Koshy&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D90KApidK5NwC%26pg%3DPA244&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Knuth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLyons2018" class="citation web cs1">Lyons, Keith (September 25, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190816141158/https://keithlyons.me/blog/2018/09/25/donald-knuth-basketball-and-computers-in-sport/">"Donald Knuth, basketball and computers in sport"</a>. <i>Clyde Street Archive</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://keithlyons.me/blog/2018/09/25/donald-knuth-basketball-and-computers-in-sport/">the original</a> on August 16, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 16,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Clyde+Street+Archive&rft.atitle=Donald+Knuth%2C+basketball+and+computers+in+sport&rft.date=2018-09-25&rft.aulast=Lyons&rft.aufirst=Keith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkeithlyons.me%2Fblog%2F2018%2F09%2F25%2Fdonald-knuth-basketball-and-computers-in-sport%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Knuth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BetaNu-Case-edu-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BetaNu-Case-edu_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160904030655/http://greeklife.case.edu/org/thetachi/Our_History">"Beta Nu of Theta Chi, History of Beta Nu Chapter"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CWRU" class="mw-redirect" title="CWRU">CWRU</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://greeklife.case.edu/org/thetachi/Our_History">the original</a> on September 4, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 14,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=linguistlist.org&rft.atitle=The+Linguist+List+--+Journal+Page&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fold.linguistlist.org%2Fpubs%2Fjournals%2Fget-journals.cfm%3FJournalID%3D22720&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Knuth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Madachy, Joseph S.,<i>Mathematics on Vacation</i>, Thomas Nelson & Sons Ltd. 1966</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181104201526/http://www.numberphile.com/team/index.html">"Videos about Numbers and Stuff"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Numberphile" title="Numberphile">Numberphile</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.numberphile.com/team/index.html">the original</a> on November 4, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 16,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Numberphile&rft.atitle=Videos+about+Numbers+and+Stuff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.numberphile.com%2Fteam%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Knuth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNumberphile2016" class="citation cs2">Numberphile (June 27, 2016), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mPn2AdMH7UQ"><i>Surreal Numbers (writing the first book) - Numberphile</i></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/mPn2AdMH7UQ">archived</a> from the original on December 11, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 19,</span> 2019</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Surreal+Numbers+%28writing+the+first+book%29+-+Numberphile&rft.date=2016-06-27&rft.au=Numberphile&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DmPn2AdMH7UQ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Knuth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFComputerphile2015" class="citation cs2">Computerphile (August 21, 2015), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QS8qwMna8_o"><i>Why Don Knuth Doesn't Use Email - Computerphile</i></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180711015226/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QS8qwMna8_o">archived</a> from the original on July 11, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 19,</span> 2019</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Why+Don+Knuth+Doesn%27t+Use+Email+-+Computerphile&rft.date=2015-08-21&rft.au=Computerphile&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DQS8qwMna8_o&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Knuth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurkholder1992" class="citation book cs1">Burkholder, Leslie (1992). <i>Philosophy and the Computer</i>. Taylor & Francis. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780429301629" title="Special:BookSources/9780429301629"><bdi>9780429301629</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Philosophy+and+the+Computer&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=9780429301629&rft.aulast=Burkholder&rft.aufirst=Leslie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Knuth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPlatoni2006-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPlatoni2006_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPlatoni2006">Platoni 2006</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnuth1991" class="citation book cs1">Knuth, Donald Ervin (1991). <i>3:16 : Bible texts illuminated</i>. Madison, <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">WI</a>: A-R Eds. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89579-252-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89579-252-5"><bdi>978-0-89579-252-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=3%3A16+%3A+Bible+texts+illuminated&rft.place=Madison%2C+WI&rft.pub=A-R+Eds&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-89579-252-5&rft.aulast=Knuth&rft.aufirst=Donald+Ervin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Knuth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Knuth_2001_Rarely_Talks-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Knuth_2001_Rarely_Talks_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnuth2001" class="citation book cs1">Knuth, Donald Ervin (2001). <i>Things a Computer Scientist Rarely Talks About</i>. Stanford, California: Center for the Study of Language and Information Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57586-326-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57586-326-9"><bdi>978-1-57586-326-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Things+a+Computer+Scientist+Rarely+Talks+About&rft.place=Stanford%2C+California&rft.pub=Center+for+the+Study+of+Language+and+Information+Publications&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-1-57586-326-9&rft.aulast=Knuth&rft.aufirst=Donald+Ervin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Knuth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ams.org/notices/200203/fea-knuth.pdf">"All Questions Answered"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Notices</i> (article). March 2002. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190430030346/http://www.ams.org/notices/200203/fea-knuth.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on April 30, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 26,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Notices&rft.atitle=All+Questions+Answered&rft.date=2002-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ams.org%2Fnotices%2F200203%2Ffea-knuth.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Knuth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnuth" class="citation web cs1">Knuth, Donald Ervin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924040943/http://www.groklaw.net/images/G308Knuth.pdf">"Against software patents"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.groklaw.net/images/G308Knuth.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on September 24, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 1,</span> 2020</span>Letter</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Against+software+patents&rft.aulast=Knuth&rft.aufirst=Donald+Ervin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.groklaw.net%2Fimages%2FG308Knuth.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Knuth" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: postscript (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_postscript" title="Category:CS1 maint: postscript">link</a>)</span> to the patent offices in the USA and Europe.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnuth1997" class="citation web cs1">Knuth, Donald Erwin (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180127194502/http://www.kyotoprize.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/12kA_lct_EN.pdf">"Digital Typography (Kyoto Prize Lecture, 1996)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kyotoprize.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/12kA_lct_EN.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on January 27, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Digital+Typography+%28Kyoto+Prize+Lecture%2C+1996%29&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Knuth&rft.aufirst=Donald+Erwin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kyotoprize.org%2Fwp%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2016%2F02%2F12kA_lct_EN.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Knuth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnuth1984" class="citation web cs1">Knuth, Donald Erwin (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190819211815/http://www.literateprogramming.com/knuthweb.pdf">"Literate Programming"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.literateprogramming.com/knuthweb.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on August 19, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 26,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Literate+Programming&rft.date=1984&rft.aulast=Knuth&rft.aufirst=Donald+Erwin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.literateprogramming.com%2Fknuthweb.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Knuth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www-cs-faculty.stanford.edu/~knuth/cweb.html">"Knuth and Levy: CWEB"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Knuth+and+Levy%3A+CWEB&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww-cs-faculty.stanford.edu%2F~knuth%2Fcweb.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Knuth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnuth2019" class="citation web cs1">Knuth, Donald (April 11, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190411233455/https://www-cs-faculty.stanford.edu/~knuth/abcde.html">"Knuth: Computers and Typesetting"</a>. <i>www-cs-faculty.stanford.edu</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 21,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oxford+University+Gazette&rft.atitle=Notices&rft.date=2014-10-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ox.ac.uk%2Fgazette%2F2014-2015%2F30october2014-no5075%2Fnotices%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Knuth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www-cs-faculty.stanford.edu/~knuth/organ.html">"The Organ of Don and Jill Knuth"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 11,</span> 2023</span> – via Stanford.edu.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Organ+of+Don+and+Jill+Knuth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww-cs-faculty.stanford.edu%2F~knuth%2Forgan.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Knuth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFde_Groot2018" class="citation news cs1">de Groot, Martin (November 3, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.therecord.com/whatson-story/9003680-arts-and-culture-a-polymath-brings-his-genius-to-bear-on-a-multimedia-work-for-pipe-organ/">"Arts and Culture: A polymath brings his genius to bear on a multimedia work for pipe organ"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Waterloo_Region_Record" title="Waterloo Region Record">Waterloo Region Record</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Waterloo+Region+Record&rft.atitle=Arts+and+Culture%3A+A+polymath+brings+his+genius+to+bear+on+a+multimedia+work+for+pipe+organ&rft.date=2018-11-03&rft.aulast=de+Groot&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.therecord.com%2Fwhatson-story%2F9003680-arts-and-culture-a-polymath-brings-his-genius-to-bear-on-a-multimedia-work-for-pipe-organ%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Knuth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReutenauer" class="citation journal cs1">Reutenauer, Arthur. "A brief history of TeX, volume II". <i><a href="/wiki/TUGboat" title="TUGboat">TUGboat</a></i>: 68–72. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0896-3207">0896-3207</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=TUGboat&rft.atitle=A+brief+history+of+TeX%2C+volume+II&rft.pages=68-72&rft.issn=0896-3207&rft.aulast=Reutenauer&rft.aufirst=Arthur&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Knuth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Art_of_Computer_Programming-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-The_Art_of_Computer_Programming_55-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_Art_of_Computer_Programming_55-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnuth1980" class="citation book cs1">Knuth, Donald Ervin (1980). <i>计算机程序设计技巧 (Ji suan ji cheng xu she ji ji qiao)</i> [<i>The Art of Computer Programming</i>]. Translated by Guan, JiWen; Su, Yunlin. Beijing: Defense Industry Publishing Co. <q>I fondly hope that many Chinese computer programmers will learn to recognize my Chinese name Gao Dena, which was given to me by Francis Yao just before I visited your country in 1977. I still have very fond memories of that three-week visit, and I have been glad to see Gao Dena on the masthead of the <i>Journal of Computer Science and Technology</i> since 1989. This name makes me feel close to all Chinese people although I cannot speak your language.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1%E6%8A%80%E5%B7%A7+%28Ji+suan+ji+cheng+xu+she+ji+ji+qiao%29&rft.place=Beijing&rft.pub=Defense+Industry+Publishing+Co.&rft.date=1980&rft.aulast=Knuth&rft.aufirst=Donald+Ervin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Knuth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.technologyreview.com/1999/09/01/236540/rewriting-the-bible-in-0s-and-1s/">"Rewriting the Bible in 0s and 1s"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Technology_Review" class="mw-redirect" title="Technology Review">Technology Review</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220709180448/https://www.technologyreview.com/1999/09/01/236540/rewriting-the-bible-in-0s-and-1s/">Archived</a> from the original on July 9, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Technology+Review&rft.atitle=Rewriting+the+Bible+in+0s+and+1s&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.technologyreview.com%2F1999%2F09%2F01%2F236540%2Frewriting-the-bible-in-0s-and-1s%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Knuth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnuth1957" class="citation magazine cs1">Knuth, Donald Ervin (June 1957). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181106194253/https://madcoversite.com/mad033.html">"The Potrzebie System of Weights & Measures"</a>. <i>Mad Magazine</i>. No. 33. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.madcoversite.com/mad033.html">the original</a> on November 6, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 26,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mad+Magazine&rft.atitle=The+Potrzebie+System+of+Weights+%26+Measures&rft.issue=33&rft.date=1957-06&rft.aulast=Knuth&rft.aufirst=Donald+Ervin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.madcoversite.com%2Fmad033.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Knuth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kidder-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-kidder_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKidder2016" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tracy_Kidder" title="Tracy Kidder">Kidder, Tracy</a> (2016). <i>A Truck Full of Money</i>. <a href="/wiki/Random_House" title="Random House">Random House</a>. p. 68. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780812995244" title="Special:BookSources/9780812995244"><bdi>9780812995244</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Truck+Full+of+Money&rft.pages=68&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=9780812995244&rft.aulast=Kidder&rft.aufirst=Tracy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Knuth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnuth2010" class="citation web cs1">Knuth, Don (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://river-valley.zeeba.tv/media/conferences/tug-2010/Don-Knuth/">"TUG"</a>. Zeeba TV. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160325191535/http://river-valley.zeeba.tv/media/conferences/tug-2010/Don-Knuth/">Archived</a> from the original on March 25, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 26,</span> 2020</span>conference</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TUG&rft.pub=Zeeba+TV&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Knuth&rft.aufirst=Don&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Friver-valley.zeeba.tv%2Fmedia%2Fconferences%2Ftug-2010%2FDon-Knuth%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Knuth" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: postscript (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_postscript" title="Category:CS1 maint: postscript">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnuth" class="citation cs2">Knuth, Donald Ervin, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://river-valley.zeeba.tv/an-earthshaking-announcement/"><i>An Earth-shaking announcement</i></a>, Zeeba TVvideo recording</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Earth-shaking+announcement&rft.pub=Zeeba+TV&rft.aulast=Knuth&rft.aufirst=Donald+Ervin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Friver-valley.zeeba.tv%2Fan-earthshaking-announcement%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Knuth" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Citation" title="Template:Citation">citation</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: postscript (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_postscript" title="Category:CS1 maint: postscript">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnuth2010" class="citation journal cs1">Knuth, Donald Ervin (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tug.org/TUGboat/tb31-2/tb98knut.pdf">"An Earthshaking Announcement"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/TUGboat" title="TUGboat">TUGboat</a></i>. <b>31</b> (2): 121–24. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0896-3207">0896-3207</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190413164834/http://www.tug.org/TUGboat/tb31-2/tb98knut.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on April 13, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 7,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gruppe+1%3A+Matematiske+fag&rft.pub=Norwegian+Academy+of+Science+and+Letters&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dnva.no%2Fc26849%2Fartikkel%2Fvis.html%3Ftid%3D40116&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Knuth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ams.org/cgi-bin/fellows/fellows.cgi">"Fellows of the American Mathematical Society"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 26,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Home+page&rft.atitle=Books&rft.aulast=Knuth&rft.aufirst=Donald+Ervin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcs.stanford.edu%2F~knuth%2Fbooks.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Knuth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnuth" class="citation web cs1">Knuth, Donald Ervin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cs.stanford.edu/~knuth/lp.html">"Literate Programming"</a>. <i>Home page</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190803223349/https://www.cs.stanford.edu/~knuth/lp.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 3, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 26,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Home+page&rft.atitle=Literate+Programming&rft.aulast=Knuth&rft.aufirst=Donald+Ervin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcs.stanford.edu%2F~knuth%2Flp.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Knuth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnuth" class="citation web cs1">Knuth, Donald Ervin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cs.stanford.edu/~knuth/cs.html">"Selected Papers on Computer Science"</a>. <i>Home page</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190803223853/https://www.cs.stanford.edu/~knuth/cs.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 3, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 26,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Home+page&rft.atitle=Selected+Papers+on+Computer+Science&rft.aulast=Knuth&rft.aufirst=Donald+Ervin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcs.stanford.edu%2F~knuth%2Fcs.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Knuth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnuth1983" class="citation journal cs1">Knuth, Donald Ervin (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cs.stanford.edu/~knuth/dt.html">"Digital Typography"</a>. <i>Scientific American</i>. <b>249</b> (2): 106–119. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1983SciAm.249b.106B">1983SciAm.249b.106B</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fscientificamerican0883-106">10.1038/scientificamerican0883-106</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190505113549/https://cs.stanford.edu/~knuth/dt.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 5, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 26,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scientific+American&rft.atitle=Digital+Typography&rft.volume=249&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=106-119&rft.date=1983&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fscientificamerican0883-106&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1983SciAm.249b.106B&rft.aulast=Knuth&rft.aufirst=Donald+Ervin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcs.stanford.edu%2F~knuth%2Fdt.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Knuth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnuth" class="citation web cs1">Knuth, Donald Ervin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cs.stanford.edu/~knuth/aa.html">"Selected Papers on Analysis of Algorithms"</a>. <i>Home page</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190803223905/https://www.cs.stanford.edu/~knuth/aa.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 3, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 26,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Home+page&rft.atitle=Selected+Papers+on+Analysis+of+Algorithms&rft.aulast=Knuth&rft.aufirst=Donald+Ervin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcs.stanford.edu%2F~knuth%2Faa.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Knuth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnuth" class="citation web cs1">Knuth, Donald Ervin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cs.stanford.edu/~knuth/cl.html">"Selected Papers on Computer Languages"</a>. <i>Home page</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190803224057/https://www.cs.stanford.edu/~knuth/cl.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 3, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 26,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Home+page&rft.atitle=Selected+Papers+on+Computer+Languages&rft.aulast=Knuth&rft.aufirst=Donald+Ervin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcs.stanford.edu%2F~knuth%2Fcl.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Knuth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnuth" class="citation web cs1">Knuth, Donald Ervin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cs.stanford.edu/~knuth/dm.html">"Selected Papers on Discrete Mathematics"</a>. <i>Home page</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190803224050/https://www.cs.stanford.edu/~knuth/dm.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 3, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 26,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Home+page&rft.atitle=Selected+Papers+on+Discrete+Mathematics&rft.aulast=Knuth&rft.aufirst=Donald+Ervin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcs.stanford.edu%2F~knuth%2Fdm.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Knuth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnuth" class="citation web cs1">Knuth, Donald Ervin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cs.stanford.edu/~knuth/da.html">"Selected Papers on Design of Algorithms"</a>. <i>Home page</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190803224327/https://www.cs.stanford.edu/~knuth/da.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 3, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 26,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Home+page&rft.atitle=Selected+Papers+on+Design+of+Algorithms&rft.aulast=Knuth&rft.aufirst=Donald+Ervin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcs.stanford.edu%2F~knuth%2Fda.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Knuth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnuth" class="citation web cs1">Knuth, Donald Ervin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cs.stanford.edu/~knuth/fg.html">"Selected Papers on Fun and Games"</a>. <i>Home page</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190803224253/https://www.cs.stanford.edu/~knuth/fg.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 3, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 26,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Home+page&rft.atitle=Selected+Papers+on+Fun+and+Games&rft.aulast=Knuth&rft.aufirst=Donald+Ervin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcs.stanford.edu%2F~knuth%2Ffg.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Knuth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnuth" class="citation web cs1">Knuth, Donald Ervin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cs.stanford.edu/~knuth/cp.html">"Companion to the Papers of Donald Knuth"</a>. <i>Home page</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190803225209/https://www.cs.stanford.edu/~knuth/cp.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 3, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 26,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Home+page&rft.atitle=Companion+to+the+Papers+of+Donald+Knuth&rft.aulast=Knuth&rft.aufirst=Donald+Ervin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcs.stanford.edu%2F~knuth%2Fcp.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Knuth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_Knuth&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnuth" class="citation web cs1">Knuth, Donald Ervin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cs.stanford.edu/~knuth/">"Home page"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Home+page&rft.pub=Stanford+University&rft.aulast=Knuth&rft.aufirst=Donald+Ervin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcs.stanford.edu%2F~knuth%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Knuth" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnuth" class="citation web cs1">Knuth, Donald Ervin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cs.stanford.edu/~knuth/taocp.html">"The Art of Computer Programming (TAOCP)"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 20,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Art+of+Computer+Programming+%28TAOCP%29&rft.aulast=Knuth&rft.aufirst=Donald+Ervin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcs.stanford.edu%2F~knuth%2Ftaocp.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Knuth" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPlatoni2006" class="citation journal cs1">Platoni, Kara; Archibald, Timothy (May–June 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060925022700/http://www.stanfordalumni.org/news/magazine/2006/mayjun/features/knuth.html">"Love at First Byte"</a>. <i>Stanford Magazine</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stanfordalumni.org/news/magazine/2006/mayjun/features/knuth.html">the original</a> on September 25, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 18,</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Stanford+Magazine&rft.atitle=Love+at+First+Byte&rft.date=2006-05%2F2006-06&rft.aulast=Platoni&rft.aufirst=Kara&rft.au=Archibald%2C+Timothy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stanfordalumni.org%2Fnews%2Fmagazine%2F2006%2Fmayjun%2Ffeatures%2Fknuth.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Knuth" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_Knuth&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid 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Knuth</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/category:Donald_Ervin_Knuth" class="extiw" title="c:category:Donald Ervin Knuth">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Donald_Knuth" class="extiw" title="q:Donald Knuth">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17457" class="extiw" title="d:Q17457">Data</a> from Wikidata</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cs.stanford.edu/~knuth/">Donald Knuth's home page</a> at <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnuth2001" class="citation interview cs1">Knuth, Donald Ervin (November 8, 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://conservancy.umn.edu/handle/11299/107413">"Donald E. Knuth Interview"</a> (Interview). Interviewed by Frana, Philip L. <a href="/wiki/Charles_Babbage_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Babbage Institute">Charles Babbage Institute</a>, University of Minnesota.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Donald+E.+Knuth+Interview&rft.pub=Charles+Babbage+Institute%2C+University+of+Minnesota&rft.date=2001-11-08&rft.aulast=Knuth&rft.aufirst=Donald+Ervin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fconservancy.umn.edu%2Fhandle%2F11299%2F107413&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Knuth" class="Z3988"></span> Knuth discusses software patenting, <a href="/wiki/Structured_programming" title="Structured programming">structured programming</a>, collaboration and his development of <a href="/wiki/TeX" title="TeX">TeX</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathgenealogy.org/id.php?id=10416">Donald Knuth</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Mathematics_Genealogy_Project" title="Mathematics Genealogy Project">Mathematics Genealogy Project</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'ConnorRobertson" class="citation cs2">O'Connor, John J.; <a href="/wiki/Edmund_F._Robertson" title="Edmund F. Robertson">Robertson, Edmund F.</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Knuth.html">"Donald Knuth"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/MacTutor_History_of_Mathematics_Archive" title="MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive">MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_St_Andrews" title="University of St Andrews">University of St Andrews</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Donald+Knuth&rft.btitle=MacTutor+History+of+Mathematics+Archive&rft.pub=University+of+St+Andrews&rft.aulast=O%27Connor&rft.aufirst=John+J.&rft.au=Robertson%2C+Edmund+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk%2FBiographies%2FKnuth.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Knuth" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dblp.org/pid/k/DonaldEKnuth">Donald E. Knuth</a> at <a href="/wiki/DBLP" title="DBLP">DBLP</a> Bibliography Server <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17457#P2456" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="https://imslp.org/wiki/Category:Knuth,_Donald" class="extiw" title="scores:Category:Knuth, Donald">Free scores by Donald Knuth</a> at the <a href="/wiki/International_Music_Score_Library_Project" title="International Music Score Library Project">International Music Score Library Project</a> (IMSLP)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CDokMxVtB3k"><span class="plainlinks">Interview at Stanford University "Donald Knuth – All Questions Answered"</span></a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.informs.org/content/view/full/268483">Biography of Donald Knuth</a> from the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191211014433/http://scpd.stanford.edu/free-stuff/engineering-archives/donald-e-knuth-lectures">Donald Ervin Knuth – Stanford Lectures (Archive)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2BdBfsXbST8">Interview with Donald Knuth</a> by <a href="/wiki/Lex_Fridman" title="Lex Fridman">Lex Fridman</a></li> <li>Siobhan Roberts, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/17/science/donald-knuth-computers-algorithms-programming.html">The Yoda of Silicon Valley</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>, 17 December 2018.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output 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4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Donald Knuth</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Publications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Art_of_Computer_Programming" title="The Art of Computer Programming">The Art of Computer Programming</a></i></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Complexity_of_Songs" title="The Complexity of Songs">The Complexity of Songs</a>"</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Computers_and_Typesetting" title="Computers and Typesetting">Computers and Typesetting</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Concrete_Mathematics" title="Concrete Mathematics">Concrete Mathematics</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Surreal_Numbers_(book)" class="mw-redirect" title="Surreal Numbers (book)">Surreal Numbers</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Things_a_Computer_Scientist_Rarely_Talks_About" title="Things a Computer Scientist Rarely Talks About">Things a Computer Scientist Rarely Talks About</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Selected_papers_series_of_Knuth" title="Selected papers series of Knuth">Selected papers series</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Software" title="Software">Software</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TeX" title="TeX">TeX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metafont" title="Metafont">Metafont</a></li> <li>MIXAL (<a href="/wiki/MIX_(abstract_machine)" title="MIX (abstract machine)">MIX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MMIX" title="MMIX">MMIX</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Font" title="Font">Fonts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AMS_Euler" title="AMS Euler">AMS Euler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_Modern" title="Computer Modern">Computer Modern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concrete_Roman" title="Concrete Roman">Concrete Roman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Literate_programming" title="Literate programming">Literate programming</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WEB" class="mw-redirect" title="WEB">WEB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CWEB" class="mw-redirect" title="CWEB">CWEB</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Algorithm" title="Algorithm">Algorithms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Knuth%27s_Algorithm_X" title="Knuth's Algorithm X">Knuth's Algorithm X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knuth%E2%80%93Bendix_completion_algorithm" title="Knuth–Bendix completion algorithm">Knuth–Bendix completion algorithm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knuth%E2%80%93Morris%E2%80%93Pratt_algorithm" title="Knuth–Morris–Pratt algorithm">Knuth–Morris–Pratt algorithm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisher%E2%80%93Yates_shuffle" title="Fisher–Yates shuffle">Knuth shuffle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robinson%E2%80%93Schensted%E2%80%93Knuth_correspondence" title="Robinson–Schensted–Knuth correspondence">Robinson–Schensted–Knuth correspondence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trabb_Pardo%E2%80%93Knuth_algorithm" class="mw-redirect" title="Trabb Pardo–Knuth algorithm">Trabb Pardo–Knuth algorithm</a></li> <li>Generalization of <a href="/wiki/Dijkstra%27s_algorithm" title="Dijkstra's algorithm">Dijkstra's algorithm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knuth%27s_Simpath_algorithm" title="Knuth's Simpath algorithm">Knuth's Simpath algorithm</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dancing_Links" title="Dancing Links">Dancing Links</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knuth_reward_check" title="Knuth reward check">Knuth reward check</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knuth_Prize" title="Knuth Prize">Knuth Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knuth%27s_up-arrow_notation" title="Knuth's up-arrow notation">Knuth's up-arrow notation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man_or_boy_test" title="Man or boy test">Man or boy test</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quater-imaginary_base" title="Quater-imaginary base">Quater-imaginary base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/-yllion" title="-yllion">-yllion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potrzebie#System_of_measurement" title="Potrzebie">Potrzebie system of weights and measures</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="A._M._Turing_Award_laureates" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Turing_Award_laureates" title="Template:Turing Award laureates"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Turing_Award_laureates" title="Template talk:Turing Award laureates"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Turing_Award_laureates" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Turing Award laureates"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="A._M._Turing_Award_laureates" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Turing_Award" title="Turing Award">A. M. Turing Award</a> <a href="/wiki/Laureate" title="Laureate">laureates</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alan_Perlis" title="Alan Perlis">Alan Perlis</a> (1966)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Wilkes" title="Maurice Wilkes">Maurice Vincent Wilkes</a> (1967)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Hamming" title="Richard Hamming">Richard Hamming</a> (1968)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marvin_Minsky" title="Marvin Minsky">Marvin Minsky</a> (1969)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_H._Wilkinson" title="James H. Wilkinson">James H. Wilkinson</a> (1970)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_McCarthy_(computer_scientist)" title="John McCarthy (computer scientist)">John McCarthy</a> (1971)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edsger_W._Dijkstra" title="Edsger W. Dijkstra">Edsger W. Dijkstra</a> (1972)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Bachman" title="Charles Bachman">Charles Bachman</a> (1973)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Donald Knuth</a> (1974)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Allen_Newell" title="Allen Newell">Allen Newell</a>; <a href="/wiki/Herbert_A._Simon" title="Herbert A. Simon">Herbert A. Simon</a> (1975)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michael_O._Rabin" title="Michael O. Rabin">Michael O. Rabin</a>; <a href="/wiki/Dana_Scott" title="Dana Scott">Dana Scott</a> (1976)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Backus" title="John Backus">John Backus</a> (1977)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_W._Floyd" title="Robert W. Floyd">Robert W. Floyd</a> (1978)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_E._Iverson" title="Kenneth E. Iverson">Kenneth E. Iverson</a> (1979)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tony_Hoare" title="Tony Hoare">Tony Hoare</a> (1980)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edgar_F._Codd" title="Edgar F. Codd">Edgar F. Codd</a> (1981)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Cook" title="Stephen Cook">Stephen Cook</a> (1982)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ken_Thompson" title="Ken Thompson">Ken Thompson</a>; <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Ritchie" title="Dennis Ritchie">Dennis Ritchie</a> (1983)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Niklaus_Wirth" title="Niklaus Wirth">Niklaus Wirth</a> (1984)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_M._Karp" title="Richard M. Karp">Richard Karp</a> (1985)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Hopcroft" title="John Hopcroft">John Hopcroft</a>; <a href="/wiki/Robert_Tarjan" title="Robert Tarjan">Robert Tarjan</a> (1986)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Cocke_(computer_scientist)" title="John Cocke (computer scientist)">John Cocke</a> (1987)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Sutherland" title="Ivan Sutherland">Ivan Sutherland</a> (1988)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Kahan" title="William Kahan">William Kahan</a> (1989)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fernando_J._Corbat%C3%B3" title="Fernando J. Corbató">Fernando J. Corbató</a> (1990)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robin_Milner" title="Robin Milner">Robin Milner</a> (1991)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Butler_Lampson" title="Butler Lampson">Butler Lampson</a> (1992)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Juris_Hartmanis" title="Juris Hartmanis">Juris Hartmanis</a>; <a href="/wiki/Richard_E._Stearns" title="Richard E. Stearns">Richard E. Stearns</a> (1993)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Feigenbaum" title="Edward Feigenbaum">Edward Feigenbaum</a>; <a href="/wiki/Raj_Reddy" title="Raj Reddy">Raj Reddy</a> (1994)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Blum" title="Manuel Blum">Manuel Blum</a> (1995)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Amir_Pnueli" title="Amir Pnueli">Amir Pnueli</a> (1996)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Engelbart" title="Douglas Engelbart">Douglas Engelbart</a> (1997)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jim_Gray_(computer_scientist)" title="Jim Gray (computer scientist)">Jim Gray</a> (1998)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fred_Brooks" title="Fred Brooks">Fred Brooks</a> (1999)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Yao" title="Andrew Yao">Andrew Yao</a> (2000)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ole-Johan_Dahl" title="Ole-Johan Dahl">Ole-Johan Dahl</a>; <a href="/wiki/Kristen_Nygaard" title="Kristen Nygaard">Kristen Nygaard</a> (2001)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ron_Rivest" title="Ron Rivest">Ron Rivest</a>; <a href="/wiki/Adi_Shamir" title="Adi Shamir">Adi Shamir</a>; <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Adleman" title="Leonard Adleman">Leonard Adleman</a> (2002)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alan_Kay" title="Alan Kay">Alan Kay</a> (2003)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vint_Cerf" title="Vint Cerf">Vint Cerf</a>; <a href="/wiki/Robert_Kahn_(computer_scientist)" title="Robert Kahn (computer scientist)">Bob Kahn</a> (2004)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Naur" title="Peter Naur">Peter Naur</a> (2005)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frances_Allen" title="Frances Allen">Frances Allen</a> (2006)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edmund_M._Clarke" title="Edmund M. Clarke">Edmund M. Clarke</a>; <a href="/wiki/E._Allen_Emerson" title="E. Allen Emerson">E. Allen Emerson</a>; <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Sifakis" title="Joseph Sifakis">Joseph Sifakis</a> (2007)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Liskov" title="Barbara Liskov">Barbara Liskov</a> (2008)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_P._Thacker" title="Charles P. Thacker">Charles P. Thacker</a> (2009)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Leslie_Valiant" title="Leslie Valiant">Leslie G. Valiant</a> (2010)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Judea_Pearl" title="Judea Pearl">Judea Pearl</a> (2011)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Shafi_Goldwasser" title="Shafi Goldwasser">Shafi Goldwasser</a>; <a href="/wiki/Silvio_Micali" title="Silvio Micali">Silvio Micali</a> (2012)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Leslie_Lamport" title="Leslie Lamport">Leslie Lamport</a> (2013)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Stonebraker" title="Michael Stonebraker">Michael Stonebraker</a> (2014)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Hellman" title="Martin Hellman">Martin Hellman</a>; <a href="/wiki/Whitfield_Diffie" title="Whitfield Diffie">Whitfield Diffie</a> (2015)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee">Tim Berners-Lee</a> (2016)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_L._Hennessy" title="John L. Hennessy">John L. Hennessy</a>; <a href="/wiki/David_Patterson_(computer_scientist)" title="David Patterson (computer scientist)">David Patterson</a> (2017)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yoshua_Bengio" title="Yoshua Bengio">Yoshua Bengio</a>; <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Hinton" title="Geoffrey Hinton">Geoffrey Hinton</a>; <a href="/wiki/Yann_LeCun" title="Yann LeCun">Yann LeCun</a> (2018)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Catmull" title="Edwin Catmull">Ed Catmull</a>; <a href="/wiki/Pat_Hanrahan" title="Pat Hanrahan">Pat Hanrahan</a> (2019)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Aho" title="Alfred Aho">Alfred Aho</a>; <a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Ullman" title="Jeffrey Ullman">Jeffrey Ullman</a> (2020) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jack_Dongarra" title="Jack Dongarra">Jack Dongarra</a> (2021)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Metcalfe" title="Robert Metcalfe">Robert Metcalfe</a> (2022)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Avi_Wigderson" title="Avi Wigderson">Avi Wigderson</a> (2023)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_National_Medal_of_Science_laureates" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Medal_of_Science" title="Template:National Medal of Science"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_Medal_of_Science" title="Template talk:National Medal of Science"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_Medal_of_Science" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National Medal of Science"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_National_Medal_of_Science_laureates" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/National_Medal_of_Science" title="National Medal of Science">United States National Medal of Science</a> <a href="/wiki/Laureate" title="Laureate">laureates</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Behavioral_and_social_science" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Behavioral and social science</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1964</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Neal_E._Miller" title="Neal E. Miller">Neal Elgar Miller</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1986</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Herbert_A._Simon" title="Herbert A. Simon">Herbert A. Simon</a></dd> <dt>1987</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Anne_Anastasi" title="Anne Anastasi">Anne Anastasi</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/George_Stigler" title="George Stigler">George J. Stigler</a></dd> <dt>1988</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Milton_Friedman" title="Milton Friedman">Milton Friedman</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1990</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Leonid_Hurwicz" title="Leonid Hurwicz">Leonid Hurwicz</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Suppes" title="Patrick Suppes">Patrick Suppes</a></dd> <dt>1991</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/George_Armitage_Miller" title="George Armitage Miller">George A. Miller</a></dd> <dt>1992</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_J._Gibson" title="Eleanor J. Gibson">Eleanor J. Gibson</a></dd> <dt>1994</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Robert_K._Merton" title="Robert K. Merton">Robert K. Merton</a></dd> <dt>1995</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Roger_Shepard" title="Roger Shepard">Roger N. Shepard</a></dd> <dt>1996</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paul_Samuelson" title="Paul Samuelson">Paul Samuelson</a></dd> <dt>1997</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/William_Kaye_Estes" title="William Kaye Estes">William K. Estes</a></dd> <dt>1998</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/William_Julius_Wilson" title="William Julius Wilson">William Julius Wilson</a></dd> <dt>1999</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Robert_Solow" title="Robert Solow">Robert M. Solow</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>2000</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gary_Becker" title="Gary Becker">Gary Becker</a></dd> <dt>2003</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/R._Duncan_Luce" title="R. Duncan Luce">R. Duncan Luce</a></dd> <dt>2004</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Arrow" title="Kenneth Arrow">Kenneth Arrow</a></dd> <dt>2005</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gordon_H._Bower" title="Gordon H. Bower">Gordon H. Bower</a></dd> <dt>2008</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Michael_Posner_(psychologist)" title="Michael Posner (psychologist)">Michael I. Posner</a></dd> <dt>2009</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mortimer_Mishkin" title="Mortimer Mishkin">Mortimer Mishkin</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>2011</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Anne_Treisman" title="Anne Treisman">Anne Treisman</a></dd> <dt>2014</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Robert_Axelrod_(political_scientist)" title="Robert Axelrod (political scientist)">Robert Axelrod</a></dd> <dt>2015</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Albert_Bandura" title="Albert Bandura">Albert Bandura</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Biological_sciences" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Biological sciences</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1963</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/C._B._van_Niel" title="C. B. van Niel">C. B. van Niel</a></dd> <dt>1964</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Theodosius_Dobzhansky" title="Theodosius Dobzhansky">Theodosius Dobzhansky</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Warren_Nirenberg" title="Marshall Warren Nirenberg">Marshall W. Nirenberg</a></dd> <dt>1965</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Francis_Peyton_Rous" title="Francis Peyton Rous">Francis P. Rous</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/George_Gaylord_Simpson" title="George Gaylord Simpson">George G. Simpson</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Donald_Van_Slyke" title="Donald Van Slyke">Donald D. Van Slyke</a></dd> <dt>1966</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Edward_F._Knipling" title="Edward F. Knipling">Edward F. Knipling</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Albert_Lipmann" title="Fritz Albert Lipmann">Fritz Albert Lipmann</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/William_Cumming_Rose" title="William Cumming Rose">William C. Rose</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sewall_Wright" title="Sewall Wright">Sewall Wright</a></dd> <dt>1967</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Stewart_Cole" title="Kenneth Stewart Cole">Kenneth S. Cole</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Harry_Harlow" title="Harry Harlow">Harry F. Harlow</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Michael_Heidelberger" title="Michael Heidelberger">Michael Heidelberger</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Sturtevant" title="Alfred Sturtevant">Alfred H. Sturtevant</a></dd> <dt>1968</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Horace_Barker" title="Horace Barker">Horace Barker</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Brodie_(biochemist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bernard Brodie (biochemist)">Bernard B. Brodie</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Detlev_Bronk" title="Detlev Bronk">Detlev W. Bronk</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jay_Laurence_Lush" title="Jay Laurence Lush">Jay Lush</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/B._F._Skinner" title="B. F. Skinner">Burrhus Frederic Skinner</a></dd> <dt>1969</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Robert_Huebner" title="Robert Huebner">Robert Huebner</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Mayr" title="Ernst Mayr">Ernst Mayr</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1970</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Barbara_McClintock" title="Barbara McClintock">Barbara McClintock</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Albert_Sabin" title="Albert Sabin">Albert B. Sabin</a></dd> <dt>1973</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Daniel_I._Arnon" title="Daniel I. Arnon">Daniel I. Arnon</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Earl_W._Sutherland_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Earl W. Sutherland Jr.">Earl W. Sutherland Jr.</a></dd> <dt>1974</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Britton_Chance" title="Britton Chance">Britton Chance</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Erwin_Chargaff" title="Erwin Chargaff">Erwin Chargaff</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/James_V._Neel" title="James V. Neel">James V. Neel</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/James_Augustine_Shannon" class="mw-redirect" title="James Augustine Shannon">James Augustine Shannon</a></dd> <dt>1975</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hallowell_Davis" title="Hallowell Davis">Hallowell Davis</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paul_Gyorgy" title="Paul Gyorgy">Paul Gyorgy</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sterling_B._Hendricks" title="Sterling B. Hendricks">Sterling B. Hendricks</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Orville_Vogel" title="Orville Vogel">Orville Alvin Vogel</a></dd> <dt>1976</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Roger_Guillemin" title="Roger Guillemin">Roger Guillemin</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Keith_Roberts_Porter" class="mw-redirect" title="Keith Roberts Porter">Keith Roberts Porter</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Efraim_Racker" title="Efraim Racker">Efraim Racker</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/E._O._Wilson" title="E. O. Wilson">E. O. Wilson</a></dd> <dt>1979</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Robert_H._Burris" title="Robert H. Burris">Robert H. Burris</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_C._Crosby" title="Elizabeth C. Crosby">Elizabeth C. Crosby</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Kornberg" title="Arthur Kornberg">Arthur Kornberg</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Severo_Ochoa" title="Severo Ochoa">Severo Ochoa</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Earl_Reece_Stadtman" title="Earl Reece Stadtman">Earl Reece Stadtman</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/G._Ledyard_Stebbins" title="G. Ledyard Stebbins">George Ledyard Stebbins</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paul_Alfred_Weiss" title="Paul Alfred Weiss">Paul Alfred Weiss</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1981</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Philip_Handler" title="Philip Handler">Philip Handler</a></dd> <dt>1982</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Seymour_Benzer" title="Seymour Benzer">Seymour Benzer</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Glenn_W._Burton" title="Glenn W. Burton">Glenn W. Burton</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mildred_Cohn" title="Mildred Cohn">Mildred Cohn</a></dd> <dt>1983</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Howard_Bachrach" title="Howard Bachrach">Howard L. Bachrach</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paul_Berg" title="Paul Berg">Paul Berg</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wendell_L._Roelofs" title="Wendell L. Roelofs">Wendell L. Roelofs</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Berta_Scharrer" title="Berta Scharrer">Berta Scharrer</a></dd> <dt>1986</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Cohen_(biochemist)" title="Stanley Cohen (biochemist)">Stanley Cohen</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Donald_Henderson" title="Donald Henderson">Donald A. Henderson</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Vernon_Mountcastle" class="mw-redirect" title="Vernon Mountcastle">Vernon B. Mountcastle</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/George_Emil_Palade" title="George Emil Palade">George Emil Palade</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Joan_A._Steitz" title="Joan A. Steitz">Joan A. Steitz</a></dd> <dt>1987</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Michael_E._DeBakey" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael E. DeBakey">Michael E. DeBakey</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Theodor_O._Diener" class="mw-redirect" title="Theodor O. Diener">Theodor O. Diener</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Harry_Eagle" title="Harry Eagle">Harry Eagle</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Har_Gobind_Khorana" title="Har Gobind Khorana">Har Gobind Khorana</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rita_Levi-Montalcini" title="Rita Levi-Montalcini">Rita Levi-Montalcini</a></dd> <dt>1988</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Michael_S._Brown" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael S. Brown">Michael S. Brown</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Norman_Cohen" title="Stanley Norman Cohen">Stanley Norman Cohen</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Joseph_L._Goldstein" title="Joseph L. Goldstein">Joseph L. Goldstein</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Hilleman" title="Maurice Hilleman">Maurice R. Hilleman</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Eric_Kandel" title="Eric Kandel">Eric R. Kandel</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rosalyn_Sussman_Yalow" title="Rosalyn Sussman Yalow">Rosalyn Sussman Yalow</a></dd> <dt>1989</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Esau" title="Katherine Esau">Katherine Esau</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Hamburger" title="Viktor Hamburger">Viktor Hamburger</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Philip_Leder" title="Philip Leder">Philip Leder</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Joshua_Lederberg" title="Joshua Lederberg">Joshua Lederberg</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Roger_W._Sperry" class="mw-redirect" title="Roger W. Sperry">Roger W. Sperry</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Harland_G._Wood" title="Harland G. Wood">Harland G. Wood</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1990</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Baruj_Benacerraf" title="Baruj Benacerraf">Baruj Benacerraf</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Herbert_W._Boyer" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbert W. Boyer">Herbert W. Boyer</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Daniel_E._Koshland_Jr." title="Daniel E. Koshland Jr.">Daniel E. Koshland Jr.</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Edward_B._Lewis" title="Edward B. Lewis">Edward B. Lewis</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/David_G._Nathan" title="David G. Nathan">David G. Nathan</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/E._Donnall_Thomas" title="E. Donnall Thomas">E. Donnall Thomas</a></dd> <dt>1991</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mary_Ellen_Avery" title="Mary Ellen Avery">Mary Ellen Avery</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/G._Evelyn_Hutchinson" title="G. Evelyn Hutchinson">G. Evelyn Hutchinson</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Elvin_A._Kabat" title="Elvin A. Kabat">Elvin A. Kabat</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Robert_Kates" title="Robert Kates">Robert W. Kates</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Salvador_Luria" title="Salvador Luria">Salvador Luria</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paul_Marks_(scientist)" title="Paul Marks (scientist)">Paul A. Marks</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Folke_K._Skoog" title="Folke K. Skoog">Folke K. Skoog</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paul_C._Zamecnik" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul C. Zamecnik">Paul C. Zamecnik</a></dd> <dt>1992</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Maxine_Singer" title="Maxine Singer">Maxine Singer</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Howard_Martin_Temin" title="Howard Martin Temin">Howard Martin Temin</a></dd> <dt>1993</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Nathans" title="Daniel Nathans">Daniel Nathans</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Salome_G._Waelsch" class="mw-redirect" title="Salome G. Waelsch">Salome G. Waelsch</a></dd> <dt>1994</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Eisner" title="Thomas Eisner">Thomas Eisner</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_F._Neufeld" title="Elizabeth F. Neufeld">Elizabeth F. Neufeld</a></dd> <dt>1995</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Rich" title="Alexander Rich">Alexander Rich</a></dd> <dt>1996</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Patrick" title="Ruth Patrick">Ruth Patrick</a></dd> <dt>1997</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/James_Watson" title="James Watson">James Watson</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Weinberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert A. Weinberg">Robert A. Weinberg</a></dd> <dt>1998</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Ames" title="Bruce Ames">Bruce Ames</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Janet_Rowley" title="Janet Rowley">Janet Rowley</a></dd> <dt>1999</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/David_Baltimore" title="David Baltimore">David Baltimore</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jared_Diamond" title="Jared Diamond">Jared Diamond</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lynn_Margulis" title="Lynn Margulis">Lynn Margulis</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>2000</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nancy_C._Andreasen" class="mw-redirect" title="Nancy C. Andreasen">Nancy C. Andreasen</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Peter_H._Raven" title="Peter H. Raven">Peter H. Raven</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Carl_Woese" title="Carl Woese">Carl Woese</a></dd> <dt>2001</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Francisco_J._Ayala" title="Francisco J. Ayala">Francisco J. Ayala</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/George_Bass_(archaeologist)" title="George Bass (archaeologist)">George F. Bass</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mario_R._Capecchi" class="mw-redirect" title="Mario R. Capecchi">Mario R. Capecchi</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ann_Graybiel" title="Ann Graybiel">Ann Graybiel</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gene_Likens" title="Gene Likens">Gene E. Likens</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Victor_A._McKusick" title="Victor A. McKusick">Victor A. McKusick</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Harold_Varmus" class="mw-redirect" title="Harold Varmus">Harold Varmus</a></dd> <dt>2002</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/James_E._Darnell" title="James E. Darnell">James E. Darnell</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Evelyn_M._Witkin" title="Evelyn M. Witkin">Evelyn M. Witkin</a></dd> <dt>2003</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/J._Michael_Bishop" title="J. Michael Bishop">J. Michael Bishop</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Solomon_H._Snyder" title="Solomon H. Snyder">Solomon H. Snyder</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Charles_Yanofsky" title="Charles Yanofsky">Charles Yanofsky</a></dd> <dt>2004</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Norman_Borlaug" title="Norman Borlaug">Norman E. Borlaug</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Phillip_A._Sharp" class="mw-redirect" title="Phillip A. Sharp">Phillip A. Sharp</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Starzl" title="Thomas Starzl">Thomas E. Starzl</a></dd> <dt>2005</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Fauci" title="Anthony Fauci">Anthony Fauci</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Torsten_N._Wiesel" class="mw-redirect" title="Torsten N. Wiesel">Torsten N. Wiesel</a></dd> <dt>2006</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rita_R._Colwell" title="Rita R. Colwell">Rita R. Colwell</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nina_Fedoroff" title="Nina Fedoroff">Nina Fedoroff</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lubert_Stryer" title="Lubert Stryer">Lubert Stryer</a></dd> <dt>2007</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Robert_Lefkowitz" title="Robert Lefkowitz">Robert J. Lefkowitz</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bert_W._O%27Malley" title="Bert W. O'Malley">Bert W. O'Malley</a></dd> <dt>2008</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Francis_Collins" title="Francis Collins">Francis S. Collins</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Elaine_Fuchs" title="Elaine Fuchs">Elaine Fuchs</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Craig_Venter" title="Craig Venter">J. Craig Venter</a></dd> <dt>2009</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Susan_L._Lindquist" class="mw-redirect" title="Susan L. Lindquist">Susan L. Lindquist</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Stanley_B._Prusiner" title="Stanley B. Prusiner">Stanley B. Prusiner</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>2010</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ralph_L._Brinster" title="Ralph L. Brinster">Ralph L. Brinster</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Jaenisch" title="Rudolf Jaenisch">Rudolf Jaenisch</a></dd> <dt>2011</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Shapiro" title="Lucy Shapiro">Lucy Shapiro</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Leroy_Hood" title="Leroy Hood">Leroy Hood</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sallie_Chisholm" class="mw-redirect" title="Sallie Chisholm">Sallie Chisholm</a></dd> <dt>2012</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/May_Berenbaum" title="May Berenbaum">May Berenbaum</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Alberts" title="Bruce Alberts">Bruce Alberts</a></dd> <dt>2013</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rakesh_K._Jain" class="mw-redirect" title="Rakesh K. Jain">Rakesh K. Jain</a></dd> <dt>2014</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Falkow" title="Stanley Falkow">Stanley Falkow</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mary-Claire_King" title="Mary-Claire King">Mary-Claire King</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Simon_Levin" class="mw-redirect" title="Simon Levin">Simon Levin</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Chemistry" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Chemistry</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1964</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Roger_Adams" title="Roger Adams">Roger Adams</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1982</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/F._Albert_Cotton" title="F. Albert Cotton">F. Albert Cotton</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Stork" title="Gilbert Stork">Gilbert Stork</a></dd> <dt>1983</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Roald_Hoffmann" title="Roald Hoffmann">Roald Hoffmann</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/George_C._Pimentel" title="George C. Pimentel">George C. Pimentel</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Richard_N._Zare" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard N. Zare">Richard N. Zare</a></dd> <dt>1986</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Harry_B._Gray" title="Harry B. Gray">Harry B. Gray</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Yuan_Tseh_Lee" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuan Tseh Lee">Yuan Tseh Lee</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Carl_S._Marvel" class="mw-redirect" title="Carl S. Marvel">Carl S. Marvel</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Frank_H._Westheimer" class="mw-redirect" title="Frank H. Westheimer">Frank H. Westheimer</a></dd> <dt>1987</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/William_Summer_Johnson" title="William Summer Johnson">William S. Johnson</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Walter_H._Stockmayer" title="Walter H. Stockmayer">Walter H. Stockmayer</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Max_Tishler" title="Max Tishler">Max Tishler</a></dd> <dt>1988</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/William_O._Baker" title="William O. Baker">William O. Baker</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Konrad_E._Bloch" class="mw-redirect" title="Konrad E. Bloch">Konrad E. Bloch</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Elias_J._Corey" class="mw-redirect" title="Elias J. Corey">Elias J. Corey</a></dd> <dt>1989</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Richard_Barry_Bernstein" title="Richard Barry Bernstein">Richard B. Bernstein</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Melvin_Calvin" title="Melvin Calvin">Melvin Calvin</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rudolph_A._Marcus" title="Rudolph A. Marcus">Rudolph A. Marcus</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Harden_M._McConnell" title="Harden M. McConnell">Harden M. McConnell</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1990</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Elkan_Blout" title="Elkan Blout">Elkan Blout</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Karl_August_Folkers" title="Karl August Folkers">Karl Folkers</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_D._Roberts" title="John D. Roberts">John D. Roberts</a></dd> <dt>1991</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Breslow" title="Ronald Breslow">Ronald Breslow</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gertrude_B._Elion" title="Gertrude B. Elion">Gertrude B. Elion</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dudley_R._Herschbach" title="Dudley R. Herschbach">Dudley R. Herschbach</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Glenn_T._Seaborg" title="Glenn T. Seaborg">Glenn T. Seaborg</a></dd> <dt>1992</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Howard_Ensign_Simmons_Jr." title="Howard Ensign Simmons Jr.">Howard E. Simmons Jr.</a></dd> <dt>1993</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Donald_J._Cram" title="Donald J. Cram">Donald J. Cram</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Norman_Hackerman" title="Norman Hackerman">Norman Hackerman</a></dd> <dt>1994</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/George_S._Hammond" title="George S. Hammond">George S. Hammond</a></dd> <dt>1995</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cech" title="Thomas Cech">Thomas Cech</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Isabella_L._Karle" class="mw-redirect" title="Isabella L. Karle">Isabella L. Karle</a></dd> <dt>1996</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Norman_Davidson_(biologist)" title="Norman Davidson (biologist)">Norman Davidson</a></dd> <dt>1997</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Darleane_C._Hoffman" title="Darleane C. Hoffman">Darleane C. Hoffman</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Harold_S._Johnston" title="Harold S. Johnston">Harold S. Johnston</a></dd> <dt>1998</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_W._Cahn" title="John W. Cahn">John W. Cahn</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/George_M._Whitesides" title="George M. Whitesides">George M. Whitesides</a></dd> <dt>1999</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Stuart_A._Rice" title="Stuart A. Rice">Stuart A. Rice</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_Ross_(chemist)" title="John Ross (chemist)">John Ross</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Susan_Solomon" title="Susan Solomon">Susan Solomon</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>2000</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_D._Baldeschwieler" title="John D. Baldeschwieler">John D. Baldeschwieler</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ralph_F._Hirschmann" title="Ralph F. Hirschmann">Ralph F. Hirschmann</a></dd> <dt>2001</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ernest_R._Davidson" title="Ernest R. Davidson">Ernest R. Davidson</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A1bor_A._Somorjai" title="Gábor A. Somorjai">Gábor A. Somorjai</a></dd> <dt>2002</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_I._Brauman" class="mw-redirect" title="John I. Brauman">John I. Brauman</a></dd> <dt>2004</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Stephen_J._Lippard" title="Stephen J. Lippard">Stephen J. Lippard</a></dd> <dt>2005</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tobin_J._Marks" title="Tobin J. Marks">Tobin J. Marks</a></dd> <dt>2006</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Marvin_H._Caruthers" title="Marvin H. Caruthers">Marvin H. Caruthers</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Peter_Dervan" title="Peter Dervan">Peter B. Dervan</a></dd> <dt>2007</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mostafa_El-Sayed" title="Mostafa El-Sayed">Mostafa A. El-Sayed</a></dd> <dt>2008</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Joanna_Fowler" title="Joanna Fowler">Joanna Fowler</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/JoAnne_Stubbe" title="JoAnne Stubbe">JoAnne Stubbe</a></dd> <dt>2009</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Stephen_J._Benkovic" title="Stephen J. Benkovic">Stephen J. Benkovic</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Marye_Anne_Fox" title="Marye Anne Fox">Marye Anne Fox</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>2010</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_K._Barton" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacqueline K. Barton">Jacqueline K. Barton</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Peter_J._Stang" title="Peter J. Stang">Peter J. Stang</a></dd> <dt>2011</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Allen_J._Bard" title="Allen J. Bard">Allen J. Bard</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/M._Frederick_Hawthorne" title="M. Frederick Hawthorne">M. Frederick Hawthorne</a></dd> <dt>2012</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Judith_P._Klinman" class="mw-redirect" title="Judith P. Klinman">Judith P. Klinman</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jerrold_Meinwald" title="Jerrold Meinwald">Jerrold Meinwald</a></dd> <dt>2013</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Geraldine_L._Richmond" title="Geraldine L. Richmond">Geraldine L. Richmond</a></dd> <dt>2014</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/A._Paul_Alivisatos" class="mw-redirect" title="A. Paul Alivisatos">A. Paul Alivisatos</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Engineering_sciences" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Engineering sciences</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1962</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Theodore_von_K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n" title="Theodore von Kármán">Theodore von Kármán</a></dd> <dt>1963</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Vannevar_Bush" title="Vannevar Bush">Vannevar Bush</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_Robinson_Pierce" class="mw-redirect" title="John Robinson Pierce">John Robinson Pierce</a></dd> <dt>1964</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Charles_S._Draper" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles S. Draper">Charles S. Draper</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Othmar_Ammann" title="Othmar Ammann">Othmar H. Ammann</a></dd> <dt>1965</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hugh_L._Dryden" class="mw-redirect" title="Hugh L. Dryden">Hugh L. Dryden</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Clarence_L._Johnson" class="mw-redirect" title="Clarence L. Johnson">Clarence L. Johnson</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Warren_K._Lewis" title="Warren K. Lewis">Warren K. Lewis</a></dd> <dt>1966</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Claude_E._Shannon" class="mw-redirect" title="Claude E. Shannon">Claude E. Shannon</a></dd> <dt>1967</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Edwin_H._Land" title="Edwin H. Land">Edwin H. Land</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Igor_I._Sikorsky" class="mw-redirect" title="Igor I. Sikorsky">Igor I. Sikorsky</a></dd> <dt>1968</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/J._Presper_Eckert" title="J. Presper Eckert">J. Presper Eckert</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nathan_M._Newmark" title="Nathan M. Newmark">Nathan M. Newmark</a></dd> <dt>1969</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jack_St._Clair_Kilby" class="mw-redirect" title="Jack St. Clair Kilby">Jack St. Clair Kilby</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1970</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/George_E._Mueller" class="mw-redirect" title="George E. Mueller">George E. Mueller</a></dd> <dt>1973</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Harold_E._Edgerton" class="mw-redirect" title="Harold E. Edgerton">Harold E. Edgerton</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Richard_T._Whitcomb" title="Richard T. Whitcomb">Richard T. Whitcomb</a></dd> <dt>1974</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Kompfner" title="Rudolf Kompfner">Rudolf Kompfner</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Brazelton_Peck" title="Ralph Brazelton Peck">Ralph Brazelton Peck</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Abel_Wolman" title="Abel Wolman">Abel Wolman</a></dd> <dt>1975</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Manson_Benedict" title="Manson Benedict">Manson Benedict</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/William_Hayward_Pickering" class="mw-redirect" title="William Hayward Pickering">William Hayward Pickering</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Terman" title="Frederick Terman">Frederick E. Terman</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wernher_von_Braun" title="Wernher von Braun">Wernher von Braun</a></dd> <dt>1976</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Morris_Cohen_(scientist)" title="Morris Cohen (scientist)">Morris Cohen</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Peter_C._Goldmark" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter C. Goldmark">Peter C. Goldmark</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Erwin_Wilhelm_M%C3%BCller" title="Erwin Wilhelm Müller">Erwin Wilhelm Müller</a></dd> <dt>1979</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Emmett_N._Leith" class="mw-redirect" title="Emmett N. Leith">Emmett N. Leith</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Raymond_D._Mindlin" title="Raymond D. Mindlin">Raymond D. Mindlin</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Robert_N._Noyce" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert N. Noyce">Robert N. Noyce</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Earl_R._Parker" title="Earl R. Parker">Earl R. Parker</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Simon_Ramo" title="Simon Ramo">Simon Ramo</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1982</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Edward_H._Heinemann" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward H. Heinemann">Edward H. Heinemann</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Donald_L._Katz" title="Donald L. Katz">Donald L. Katz</a></dd> <dt>1983</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bill_Hewlett" title="Bill Hewlett">Bill Hewlett</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/George_Low" title="George Low">George Low</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_G._Trump" title="John G. Trump">John G. Trump</a></dd> <dt>1986</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hans_Wolfgang_Liepmann" class="mw-redirect" title="Hans Wolfgang Liepmann">Hans Wolfgang Liepmann</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tung-Yen_Lin" title="Tung-Yen Lin">Tung-Yen Lin</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bernard_M._Oliver" title="Bernard M. Oliver">Bernard M. Oliver</a></dd> <dt>1987</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Robert_Byron_Bird" title="Robert Byron Bird">Robert Byron Bird</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/H._Bolton_Seed" class="mw-redirect" title="H. Bolton Seed">H. Bolton Seed</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Weber_(engineer)" title="Ernst Weber (engineer)">Ernst Weber</a></dd> <dt>1988</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Daniel_C._Drucker" title="Daniel C. Drucker">Daniel C. Drucker</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Willis_M._Hawkins" class="mw-redirect" title="Willis M. Hawkins">Willis M. Hawkins</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/George_W._Housner" title="George W. Housner">George W. Housner</a></dd> <dt>1989</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Harry_George_Drickamer" title="Harry George Drickamer">Harry George Drickamer</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Herbert_E._Grier" title="Herbert E. Grier">Herbert E. Grier</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1990</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mildred_Dresselhaus" title="Mildred Dresselhaus">Mildred Dresselhaus</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nick_Holonyak_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Nick Holonyak Jr.">Nick Holonyak Jr.</a></dd> <dt>1991</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/George_H._Heilmeier" title="George H. Heilmeier">George H. Heilmeier</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Luna_B._Leopold" class="mw-redirect" title="Luna B. Leopold">Luna B. Leopold</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/H._Guyford_Stever" class="mw-redirect" title="H. Guyford Stever">H. Guyford Stever</a></dd> <dt>1992</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Calvin_F._Quate" class="mw-redirect" title="Calvin F. Quate">Calvin F. Quate</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_Roy_Whinnery" title="John Roy Whinnery">John Roy Whinnery</a></dd> <dt>1993</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Y._Cho" title="Alfred Y. Cho">Alfred Y. Cho</a></dd> <dt>1994</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ray_W._Clough" class="mw-redirect" title="Ray W. Clough">Ray W. Clough</a></dd> <dt>1995</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hermann_A._Haus" title="Hermann A. Haus">Hermann A. Haus</a></dd> <dt>1996</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/James_L._Flanagan" title="James L. Flanagan">James L. Flanagan</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/C._Kumar_N._Patel" title="C. Kumar N. Patel">C. Kumar N. Patel</a></dd> <dt>1998</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Eli_Ruckenstein" title="Eli Ruckenstein">Eli Ruckenstein</a></dd> <dt>1999</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_N._Stevens" title="Kenneth N. Stevens">Kenneth N. Stevens</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>2000</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Yuan-Cheng_Fung" title="Yuan-Cheng Fung">Yuan-Cheng B. Fung</a></dd> <dt>2001</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Andreas_Acrivos" title="Andreas Acrivos">Andreas Acrivos</a></dd> <dt>2002</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Leo_Beranek" title="Leo Beranek">Leo Beranek</a></dd> <dt>2003</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_Prausnitz" title="John Prausnitz">John M. Prausnitz</a></dd> <dt>2004</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Edwin_N._Lightfoot" title="Edwin N. Lightfoot">Edwin N. Lightfoot</a></dd> <dt>2005</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jan_D._Achenbach" title="Jan D. Achenbach">Jan D. Achenbach</a></dd> <dt>2006</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Robert_S._Langer" title="Robert S. Langer">Robert S. Langer</a></dd> <dt>2007</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/David_J._Wineland" title="David J. Wineland">David J. Wineland</a></dd> <dt>2008</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_E._K%C3%A1lm%C3%A1n" title="Rudolf E. Kálmán">Rudolf E. Kálmán</a></dd> <dt>2009</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Amnon_Yariv" title="Amnon Yariv">Amnon Yariv</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>2010</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Shu_Chien" title="Shu Chien">Shu Chien</a></dd> <dt>2011</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_B._Goodenough" title="John B. Goodenough">John B. Goodenough</a></dd> <dt>2012</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Kailath" title="Thomas Kailath">Thomas Kailath</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Mathematical,_statistical,_and_computer_sciences" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Mathematical, statistical, and computer sciences</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1963</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Norbert_Wiener" title="Norbert Wiener">Norbert Wiener</a></dd> <dt>1964</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Lefschetz" title="Solomon Lefschetz">Solomon Lefschetz</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Marston_Morse" title="Marston Morse">H. Marston Morse</a></dd> <dt>1965</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Zariski" title="Oscar Zariski">Oscar Zariski</a></dd> <dt>1966</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_Milnor" title="John Milnor">John Milnor</a></dd> <dt>1967</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paul_Cohen" title="Paul Cohen">Paul Cohen</a></dd> <dt>1968</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jerzy_Neyman" title="Jerzy Neyman">Jerzy Neyman</a></dd> <dt>1969</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/William_Feller" title="William Feller">William Feller</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1970</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Richard_Brauer" title="Richard Brauer">Richard Brauer</a></dd> <dt>1973</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_Tukey" title="John Tukey">John Tukey</a></dd> <dt>1974</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kurt_G%C3%B6del" title="Kurt Gödel">Kurt Gödel</a></dd> <dt>1975</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_W._Backus" class="mw-redirect" title="John W. Backus">John W. Backus</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Shiing-Shen_Chern" title="Shiing-Shen Chern">Shiing-Shen Chern</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/George_Dantzig" title="George Dantzig">George Dantzig</a></dd> <dt>1976</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kurt_O._Friedrichs" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurt O. Friedrichs">Kurt Otto Friedrichs</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hassler_Whitney" title="Hassler Whitney">Hassler Whitney</a></dd> <dt>1979</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Joseph_L._Doob" title="Joseph L. Doob">Joseph L. Doob</a></dd> <dd><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Donald E. Knuth</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1982</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Marshall_H._Stone" title="Marshall H. Stone">Marshall H. Stone</a></dd> <dt>1983</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Herman_Goldstine" title="Herman Goldstine">Herman Goldstine</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Isadore_Singer" title="Isadore Singer">Isadore Singer</a></dd> <dt>1986</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Peter_Lax" title="Peter Lax">Peter Lax</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Antoni_Zygmund" title="Antoni Zygmund">Antoni Zygmund</a></dd> <dt>1987</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Raoul_Bott" title="Raoul Bott">Raoul Bott</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Michael_Freedman" title="Michael Freedman">Michael Freedman</a></dd> <dt>1988</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ralph_E._Gomory" title="Ralph E. Gomory">Ralph E. Gomory</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Joseph_B._Keller" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph B. Keller">Joseph B. Keller</a></dd> <dt>1989</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Karlin" title="Samuel Karlin">Samuel Karlin</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Saunders_Mac_Lane" title="Saunders Mac Lane">Saunders Mac Lane</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Donald_C._Spencer" title="Donald C. Spencer">Donald C. Spencer</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1990</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/George_F._Carrier" title="George F. Carrier">George F. Carrier</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Cole_Kleene" title="Stephen Cole Kleene">Stephen Cole Kleene</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_McCarthy_(computer_scientist)" title="John McCarthy (computer scientist)">John McCarthy</a></dd> <dt>1991</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Alberto_Calder%C3%B3n" title="Alberto Calderón">Alberto Calderón</a></dd> <dt>1992</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Allen_Newell" title="Allen Newell">Allen Newell</a></dd> <dt>1993</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Martin_David_Kruskal" title="Martin David Kruskal">Martin David Kruskal</a></dd> <dt>1994</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_Cocke_(computer_scientist)" title="John Cocke (computer scientist)">John Cocke</a></dd> <dt>1995</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Louis_Nirenberg" title="Louis Nirenberg">Louis Nirenberg</a></dd> <dt>1996</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Richard_Karp" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Karp">Richard Karp</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Smale" title="Stephen Smale">Stephen Smale</a></dd> <dt>1997</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Shing-Tung_Yau" title="Shing-Tung Yau">Shing-Tung Yau</a></dd> <dt>1998</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cathleen_Synge_Morawetz" title="Cathleen Synge Morawetz">Cathleen Synge Morawetz</a></dd> <dt>1999</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Felix_Browder" title="Felix Browder">Felix Browder</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Coifman" title="Ronald Coifman">Ronald R. Coifman</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>2000</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_Griggs_Thompson" class="mw-redirect" title="John Griggs Thompson">John Griggs Thompson</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Karen_Uhlenbeck" title="Karen Uhlenbeck">Karen Uhlenbeck</a></dd> <dt>2001</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Calyampudi_Radhakrishna_Rao" class="mw-redirect" title="Calyampudi Radhakrishna Rao">Calyampudi R. Rao</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Elias_M._Stein" title="Elias M. Stein">Elias M. Stein</a></dd> <dt>2002</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/James_Glimm" title="James Glimm">James G. Glimm</a></dd> <dt>2003</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Carl_R._de_Boor" title="Carl R. de Boor">Carl R. de Boor</a></dd> <dt>2004</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Sullivan" title="Dennis Sullivan">Dennis P. Sullivan</a></dd> <dt>2005</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bradley_Efron" title="Bradley Efron">Bradley Efron</a></dd> <dt>2006</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hyman_Bass" title="Hyman Bass">Hyman Bass</a></dd> <dt>2007</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Kleinrock" title="Leonard Kleinrock">Leonard Kleinrock</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Viterbi" title="Andrew Viterbi">Andrew J. Viterbi</a></dd> <dt>2009</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/David_B._Mumford" class="mw-redirect" title="David B. Mumford">David B. Mumford</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>2010</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Richard_A._Tapia" title="Richard A. Tapia">Richard A. Tapia</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/S._R._Srinivasa_Varadhan" title="S. R. Srinivasa Varadhan">S. R. Srinivasa Varadhan</a></dd> <dt>2011</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Solomon_W._Golomb" title="Solomon W. Golomb">Solomon W. Golomb</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Barry_Mazur" title="Barry Mazur">Barry Mazur</a></dd> <dt>2012</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Chorin" title="Alexandre Chorin">Alexandre Chorin</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/David_Blackwell" title="David Blackwell">David Blackwell</a></dd> <dt>2013</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Michael_Artin" title="Michael Artin">Michael Artin</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Physical_sciences" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Physical sciences</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1963</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Luis_Walter_Alvarez" title="Luis Walter Alvarez">Luis W. Alvarez</a></dd> <dt>1964</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Julian_Schwinger" title="Julian Schwinger">Julian Schwinger</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Harold_Urey" title="Harold Urey">Harold Urey</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Robert_Burns_Woodward" title="Robert Burns Woodward">Robert Burns Woodward</a></dd> <dt>1965</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_Bardeen" title="John Bardeen">John Bardeen</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Peter_Debye" title="Peter Debye">Peter Debye</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Leon_M._Lederman" title="Leon M. Lederman">Leon M. Lederman</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/William_Rubey" class="mw-redirect" title="William Rubey">William Rubey</a></dd> <dt>1966</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Bjerknes" title="Jacob Bjerknes">Jacob Bjerknes</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar" title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar">Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Henry_Eyring_(chemist)" title="Henry Eyring (chemist)">Henry Eyring</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_H._Van_Vleck" class="mw-redirect" title="John H. Van Vleck">John H. Van Vleck</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_K._Zworykin" title="Vladimir K. Zworykin">Vladimir K. Zworykin</a></dd> <dt>1967</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Beams" title="Jesse Beams">Jesse Beams</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Francis_Birch_(geophysicist)" title="Francis Birch (geophysicist)">Francis Birch</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gregory_Breit" title="Gregory Breit">Gregory Breit</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Louis_Hammett" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis Hammett">Louis Hammett</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/George_Kistiakowsky" title="George Kistiakowsky">George Kistiakowsky</a></dd> <dt>1968</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paul_Doughty_Bartlett" title="Paul Doughty Bartlett">Paul Bartlett</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Friedman" title="Herbert Friedman">Herbert Friedman</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lars_Onsager" title="Lars Onsager">Lars Onsager</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Wigner" title="Eugene Wigner">Eugene Wigner</a></dd> <dt>1969</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Herbert_C._Brown" title="Herbert C. Brown">Herbert C. Brown</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Panofsky" class="mw-redirect" title="Wolfgang Panofsky">Wolfgang Panofsky</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1970</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Robert_H._Dicke" title="Robert H. Dicke">Robert H. Dicke</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Allan_R._Sandage" class="mw-redirect" title="Allan R. Sandage">Allan R. Sandage</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_C._Slater" title="John C. Slater">John C. Slater</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_A._Wheeler" class="mw-redirect" title="John A. Wheeler">John A. Wheeler</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Saul_Winstein" title="Saul Winstein">Saul Winstein</a></dd> <dt>1973</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Carl_Djerassi" title="Carl Djerassi">Carl Djerassi</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Ewing" title="Maurice Ewing">Maurice Ewing</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Arie_Jan_Haagen-Smit" title="Arie Jan Haagen-Smit">Arie Jan Haagen-Smit</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Haensel" title="Vladimir Haensel">Vladimir Haensel</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Seitz" title="Frederick Seitz">Frederick Seitz</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Robert_Rathbun_Wilson" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Rathbun Wilson">Robert Rathbun Wilson</a></dd> <dt>1974</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nicolaas_Bloembergen" title="Nicolaas Bloembergen">Nicolaas Bloembergen</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paul_Flory" title="Paul Flory">Paul Flory</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/William_Alfred_Fowler" title="William Alfred Fowler">William Alfred Fowler</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Linus_Carl_Pauling" class="mw-redirect" title="Linus Carl Pauling">Linus Carl Pauling</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Sanborn_Pitzer" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenneth Sanborn Pitzer">Kenneth Sanborn Pitzer</a></dd> <dt>1975</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hans_A._Bethe" class="mw-redirect" title="Hans A. Bethe">Hans A. Bethe</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Joseph_O._Hirschfelder" title="Joseph O. Hirschfelder">Joseph O. Hirschfelder</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Sarett" class="mw-redirect" title="Lewis Sarett">Lewis Sarett</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Bright_Wilson" title="Edgar Bright Wilson">Edgar Bright Wilson</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chien-Shiung_Wu" title="Chien-Shiung Wu">Chien-Shiung Wu</a></dd> <dt>1976</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Goudsmit" title="Samuel Goudsmit">Samuel Goudsmit</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Herbert_S._Gutowsky" title="Herbert S. Gutowsky">Herbert S. Gutowsky</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Rossini" title="Frederick Rossini">Frederick Rossini</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Verner_Suomi" class="mw-redirect" title="Verner Suomi">Verner Suomi</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Henry_Taube" title="Henry Taube">Henry Taube</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/George_Uhlenbeck" title="George Uhlenbeck">George Uhlenbeck</a></dd> <dt>1979</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Richard_P._Feynman" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard P. Feynman">Richard P. Feynman</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Herman_Mark" class="mw-redirect" title="Herman Mark">Herman Mark</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Edward_M._Purcell" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward M. Purcell">Edward M. Purcell</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_Sinfelt" class="mw-redirect" title="John Sinfelt">John Sinfelt</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lyman_Spitzer" title="Lyman Spitzer">Lyman Spitzer</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Victor_F._Weisskopf" class="mw-redirect" title="Victor F. Weisskopf">Victor F. Weisskopf</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1982</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Philip_Warren_Anderson" class="mw-redirect" title="Philip Warren Anderson">Philip W. Anderson</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Yoichiro_Nambu" title="Yoichiro Nambu">Yoichiro Nambu</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Edward_Teller" title="Edward Teller">Edward Teller</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Charles_H._Townes" title="Charles H. Townes">Charles H. Townes</a></dd> <dt>1983</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/E._Margaret_Burbidge" class="mw-redirect" title="E. Margaret Burbidge">E. Margaret Burbidge</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Goldhaber" title="Maurice Goldhaber">Maurice Goldhaber</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Helmut_Landsberg" title="Helmut Landsberg">Helmut Landsberg</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Walter_Munk" title="Walter Munk">Walter Munk</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Reines" title="Frederick Reines">Frederick Reines</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bruno_B._Rossi" class="mw-redirect" title="Bruno B. Rossi">Bruno B. Rossi</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/J._Robert_Schrieffer" class="mw-redirect" title="J. Robert Schrieffer">J. Robert Schrieffer</a></dd> <dt>1986</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Solomon_J._Buchsbaum" title="Solomon J. Buchsbaum">Solomon J. Buchsbaum</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/H._Richard_Crane" title="H. Richard Crane">H. Richard Crane</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Herman_Feshbach" title="Herman Feshbach">Herman Feshbach</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Robert_Hofstadter" title="Robert Hofstadter">Robert Hofstadter</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Yang_Chen-Ning" title="Yang Chen-Ning">Chen-Ning Yang</a></dd> <dt>1987</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Philip_Abelson" title="Philip Abelson">Philip Abelson</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Walter_Elsasser" class="mw-redirect" title="Walter Elsasser">Walter Elsasser</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paul_C._Lauterbur" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul C. Lauterbur">Paul C. Lauterbur</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/George_Pake" title="George Pake">George Pake</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/James_A._Van_Allen" class="mw-redirect" title="James A. Van Allen">James A. Van Allen</a></dd> <dt>1988</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/D._Allan_Bromley" title="D. Allan Bromley">D. Allan Bromley</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chu_Ching-wu" class="mw-redirect" title="Chu Ching-wu">Paul Ching-Wu Chu</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Walter_Kohn" title="Walter Kohn">Walter Kohn</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Norman_Foster_Ramsey_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Norman Foster Ramsey Jr.">Norman Foster Ramsey Jr.</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jack_Steinberger" title="Jack Steinberger">Jack Steinberger</a></dd> <dt>1989</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Arnold_O._Beckman" class="mw-redirect" title="Arnold O. Beckman">Arnold O. Beckman</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Parker" title="Eugene Parker">Eugene Parker</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Robert_P._Sharp" title="Robert P. Sharp">Robert Sharp</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Henry_Stommel" title="Henry Stommel">Henry Stommel</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1990</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Allan_McLeod_Cormack" class="mw-redirect" title="Allan McLeod Cormack">Allan M. Cormack</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Edwin_M._McMillan" class="mw-redirect" title="Edwin M. McMillan">Edwin M. McMillan</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Robert_Pound" title="Robert Pound">Robert Pound</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Roger_Revelle" title="Roger Revelle">Roger Revelle</a></dd> <dt>1991</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Arthur_L._Schawlow" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthur L. Schawlow">Arthur L. Schawlow</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Edward_C._Stone" title="Edward C. Stone">Ed Stone</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Steven_Weinberg" title="Steven Weinberg">Steven Weinberg</a></dd> <dt>1992</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Eugene_M._Shoemaker" class="mw-redirect" title="Eugene M. Shoemaker">Eugene M. Shoemaker</a></dd> <dt>1993</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Val_Logsdon_Fitch" title="Val Logsdon Fitch">Val Fitch</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Vera_Rubin" title="Vera Rubin">Vera Rubin</a></dd> <dt>1994</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Albert_Overhauser" title="Albert Overhauser">Albert Overhauser</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Frank_Press" title="Frank Press">Frank Press</a></dd> <dt>1995</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hans_Dehmelt" class="mw-redirect" title="Hans Dehmelt">Hans Dehmelt</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Peter_Goldreich" title="Peter Goldreich">Peter Goldreich</a></dd> <dt>1996</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wallace_S._Broecker" class="mw-redirect" title="Wallace S. Broecker">Wallace S. Broecker</a></dd> <dt>1997</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Rosenbluth" title="Marshall Rosenbluth">Marshall Rosenbluth</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Martin_Schwarzschild" title="Martin Schwarzschild">Martin Schwarzschild</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/George_Wetherill" title="George Wetherill">George Wetherill</a></dd> <dt>1998</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Don_L._Anderson" title="Don L. Anderson">Don L. Anderson</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_N._Bahcall" title="John N. Bahcall">John N. Bahcall</a></dd> <dt>1999</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/James_Cronin" title="James Cronin">James Cronin</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Leo_Kadanoff" title="Leo Kadanoff">Leo Kadanoff</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>2000</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Willis_E._Lamb" class="mw-redirect" title="Willis E. Lamb">Willis E. Lamb</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah_P._Ostriker" title="Jeremiah P. Ostriker">Jeremiah P. Ostriker</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_F._White" title="Gilbert F. White">Gilbert F. White</a></dd> <dt>2001</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Marvin_L._Cohen" title="Marvin L. Cohen">Marvin L. Cohen</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Davis_Jr." title="Raymond Davis Jr.">Raymond Davis Jr.</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Charles_Keeling" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Keeling">Charles Keeling</a></dd> <dt>2002</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Richard_Garwin" title="Richard Garwin">Richard Garwin</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/W._Jason_Morgan" title="W. Jason Morgan">W. Jason Morgan</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Edward_Witten" title="Edward Witten">Edward Witten</a></dd> <dt>2003</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/G._Brent_Dalrymple" class="mw-redirect" title="G. Brent Dalrymple">G. Brent Dalrymple</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Riccardo_Giacconi" title="Riccardo Giacconi">Riccardo Giacconi</a></dd> <dt>2004</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Robert_N._Clayton" title="Robert N. Clayton">Robert N. Clayton</a></dd> <dt>2005</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ralph_A._Alpher" class="mw-redirect" title="Ralph A. Alpher">Ralph A. Alpher</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lonnie_Thompson" title="Lonnie Thompson">Lonnie Thompson</a></dd> <dt>2006</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Kleppner" title="Daniel Kleppner">Daniel Kleppner</a></dd> <dt>2007</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Fay_Ajzenberg-Selove" title="Fay Ajzenberg-Selove">Fay Ajzenberg-Selove</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Charles_Pence_Slichter" title="Charles Pence Slichter">Charles P. Slichter</a></dd> <dt>2008</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Berni_Alder" title="Berni Alder">Berni Alder</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/James_E._Gunn_(astronomer)" class="mw-redirect" title="James E. Gunn (astronomer)">James E. Gunn</a></dd> <dt>2009</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Yakir_Aharonov" title="Yakir Aharonov">Yakir Aharonov</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Esther_M._Conwell" title="Esther M. Conwell">Esther M. Conwell</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Warren_M._Washington" title="Warren M. Washington">Warren M. Washington</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>2011</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Drell" title="Sidney Drell">Sidney Drell</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sandra_Faber" title="Sandra Faber">Sandra Faber</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sylvester_James_Gates" title="Sylvester James Gates">Sylvester James Gates</a></dd> <dt>2012</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Burton_Richter" title="Burton Richter">Burton Richter</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sean_Solomon" title="Sean Solomon">Sean C. Solomon</a></dd> <dt>2014</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Ann_Jackson" title="Shirley Ann Jackson">Shirley Ann Jackson</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Grace_Murray_Hopper_Award_recipients" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hopper_winners" title="Template:Hopper winners"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hopper_winners" title="Template talk:Hopper winners"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hopper_winners" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hopper winners"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Grace_Murray_Hopper_Award_recipients" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Grace_Murray_Hopper_Award" title="Grace Murray Hopper Award">Grace Murray Hopper Award</a> recipients</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Knuth</a> (1971)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_H._Dirksen" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul H. Dirksen">Dirksen</a> (1972)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_H._Cress" title="Paul H. Cress">Cress</a> (1972)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_M._Breed" title="Lawrence M. Breed">Breed</a>/<a href="/wiki/Richard_H._Lathwell" title="Richard H. Lathwell">Lathwell</a>/<a href="/wiki/Roger_Moore_(computer_scientist)" title="Roger Moore (computer scientist)">Moore</a> (1973)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_N._Baird" title="George N. Baird">Baird</a> (1974)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Allan_L._Scherr" title="Allan L. Scherr">Scherr</a> (1975)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edward_H._Shortliffe" title="Edward H. Shortliffe">Shortliffe</a> (1976)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ray_Kurzweil" title="Ray Kurzweil">Kurzweil</a> (1978)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Steve_Wozniak" title="Steve Wozniak">Wozniak</a> (1979)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Metcalfe" title="Robert Metcalfe">Metcalfe</a> (1980)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_S._Bricklin" class="mw-redirect" title="Daniel S. Bricklin">Bricklin</a> (1981)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Brian_Reid_(computer_scientist)" title="Brian Reid (computer scientist)">Reid</a> (1982)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dan_Ingalls" title="Dan Ingalls">Ingalls</a> (1984)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cordell_Green" title="Cordell Green">Green</a> (1985)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Joy" title="Bill Joy">Joy</a> (1986)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Ousterhout" title="John Ousterhout">Ousterhout</a> (1987)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Guy_L._Steele_Jr." title="Guy L. Steele Jr.">Steele</a> (1988)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Danny_Hillis" title="Danny Hillis">Hillis</a> (1989)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Stallman" title="Richard Stallman">Stallman</a> (1990)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Feng-hsiung_Hsu" title="Feng-hsiung Hsu">Hsu</a> (1991)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bjarne_Stroustrup" title="Bjarne Stroustrup">Stroustrup</a> (1993)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Shafi_Goldwasser" title="Shafi Goldwasser">Goldwasser</a> (1996)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wen-mei_Hwu" title="Wen-mei Hwu">Hwu</a> (1999)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lydia_Kavraki" title="Lydia Kavraki">Kavraki</a> (2000)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Necula" title="George Necula">Necula</a> (2001)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ramakrishnan_Srikant" title="Ramakrishnan Srikant">Srikant</a> (2002)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_W._Keckler" title="Stephen W. Keckler">Keckler</a> (2003)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Rexford" title="Jennifer Rexford">Rexford</a> (2004)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Omer_Reingold" title="Omer Reingold">Reingold</a> (2005)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dan_Klein" title="Dan Klein">Klein</a> (2006)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vern_Paxson" title="Vern Paxson">Paxson</a> (2007)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dawson_Engler" title="Dawson Engler">Engler</a> (2008)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tim_Roughgarden" title="Tim Roughgarden">Roughgarden</a> (2009)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Craig_Gentry_(computer_scientist)" title="Craig Gentry (computer scientist)">Gentry</a> (2010)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luis_von_Ahn" title="Luis von Ahn">Ahn</a> (2011)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Casado" title="Martin Casado">Casado</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dina_Katabi" title="Dina Katabi">Katabi</a> (2012)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Felipe_Felzenszwalb" title="Pedro Felipe Felzenszwalb">Felzenszwalb</a> (2013)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sylvia_Ratnasamy" title="Sylvia Ratnasamy">Ratnasamy</a> (2014)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Brent_Waters" title="Brent Waters">Waters</a> (2015)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Heer" title="Jeffrey Heer">Heer</a> (2016)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Amanda_Randles" title="Amanda Randles">Randles</a> (2017)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Constantinos_Daskalakis" title="Constantinos Daskalakis">Daskalakis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Michael_J._Freedman" title="Michael J. Freedman">Freedman</a> (2018)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Maria-Florina_Balcan" title="Maria-Florina Balcan">Balcan</a> (2019)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shyamnath_Gollakota&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shyamnath Gollakota (page does not exist)">Gollakota</a> (2020)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raluca_Ada_Popa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raluca Ada Popa (page does not exist)">Popa</a> (2021)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammad_Alizadeh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mohammad Alizadeh (page does not exist)">Alizadeh</a> (2022)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prateek_Mittal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prateek Mittal (page does not exist)">Mittal</a> (2023)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Free_and_open-source_typography" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Free_and_open-source_typography" title="Template:Free and open-source typography"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Free_and_open-source_typography" title="Template talk:Free and open-source typography"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Free_and_open-source_typography" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Free and open-source typography"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Free_and_open-source_typography" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Free_and_open-source_software" title="Free and open-source software">Free and open-source</a> <a href="/wiki/Typography" title="Typography">typography</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Software<br />and libraries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FontForge" title="FontForge">FontForge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontmatrix" title="Fontmatrix">Fontmatrix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FreeType" title="FreeType">FreeType</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghostscript" title="Ghostscript">Ghostscript</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HarfBuzz" title="HarfBuzz">HarfBuzz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metafont" title="Metafont">Metafont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MetaPost" title="MetaPost">MetaPost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MetaType1" title="MetaType1">MetaType1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pango" title="Pango">Pango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TeX" title="TeX">TeX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphite_(smart_font_technology)" title="Graphite (smart font technology)">Graphite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Components_for_Unicode" title="International Components for Unicode">ICU</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Licenses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apache_License" title="Apache License">Apache License</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BSD_licenses" title="BSD licenses">BSD licenses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creative_Commons_license" title="Creative Commons license">Creative Commons licenses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNU_General_Public_License" title="GNU General Public License">GNU General Public License</a> + <a href="/wiki/GPL_font_exception" title="GPL font exception">GPL font exception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNU_Lesser_General_Public_License" title="GNU Lesser General Public License">GNU Lesser General Public License</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LaTeX_Project_Public_License" title="LaTeX Project Public License">LaTeX Project Public License</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MIT_License" title="MIT License">MIT License</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIL_Open_Font_License" title="SIL Open Font License">SIL Open Font License</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubuntu_(typeface)#Ubuntu_Font_Licence" title="Ubuntu (typeface)">Ubuntu Font Licence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">Operating system</a>,<br />corporate and<br />professional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andika_(typeface)" title="Andika (typeface)">Andika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bitstream_Charter" title="Bitstream Charter">Bitstream Charter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bitstream_Vera" title="Bitstream Vera">Bitstream Vera</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DejaVu_fonts" title="DejaVu fonts">DejaVu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breeze_Sans" title="Breeze Sans">Breeze Sans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cascadia_Code" title="Cascadia Code">Cascadia Code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantarell_(typeface)" title="Cantarell (typeface)">Cantarell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charis_SIL" title="Charis SIL">Charis SIL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_Modern" title="Computer Modern">Computer Modern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Concrete_Roman" title="Concrete Roman">Concrete Roman</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courier_Prime" class="mw-redirect" title="Courier Prime">Courier Prime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doulos_SIL" title="Doulos SIL">Doulos SIL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Droid_(typeface)" title="Droid (typeface)">Droid</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Noto_fonts" title="Noto fonts">Noto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Sans" title="Open Sans">Open Sans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roboto" title="Roboto">Roboto</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fira_(typeface)" title="Fira (typeface)">Fira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gentium" title="Gentium">Gentium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghostscript#Free_fonts" title="Ghostscript">Ghostscript fonts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNU_FreeFont" title="GNU FreeFont">GNU FreeFont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNU_Unifont" title="GNU Unifont">GNU Unifont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Go_(programming_language)#History" title="Go (programming language)">Go and Go Mono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hershey_fonts" title="Hershey fonts">Hershey fonts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Plex" title="IBM Plex">IBM Plex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_fonts" title="Liberation fonts">Liberation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Croscore_fonts" title="Croscore fonts">Croscore</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literata" title="Literata">Literata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lohit_fonts" title="Lohit fonts">Lohit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxi_fonts" title="Luxi fonts">Luxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanum_fonts" title="Nanum fonts">Nanum fonts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimbus_Mono_L" title="Nimbus Mono L">Nimbus Mono</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nimbus_Sans" title="Nimbus Sans">Sans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimbus_Roman_No._9_L" title="Nimbus Roman No. 9 L">Roman</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OCR-A" title="OCR-A">OCR-A</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/OCR-B" title="OCR-B">OCR-B</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overpass_(typeface)" title="Overpass (typeface)">Overpass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Segoe#Selawik" title="Segoe">Selawik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Source_Code_Pro" title="Source Code Pro">Source Code</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Source_Han_Sans" title="Source Han Sans">Source Han Sans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Source_Han_Serif" title="Source Han Serif">Source Han Serif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Source_Sans" title="Source Sans">Source Sans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Source_Serif" title="Source Serif">Source Serif</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STIX_Fonts_project" title="STIX Fonts project">STIX fonts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiresias_(typeface)" title="Tiresias (typeface)">Tiresias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubuntu_(typeface)" title="Ubuntu (typeface)">Ubuntu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ubuntu_Titling" title="Ubuntu Titling">Ubuntu Titling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utopia_(typeface)" title="Utopia (typeface)">Utopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zilla_Slab" title="Zilla Slab">Zilla Slab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Government<br />typefaces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Fonts" title="National Fonts">National Fonts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PT_Fonts" title="PT Fonts">PT Fonts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnston_(typeface)#Railway_Sans" title="Johnston (typeface)">Railway Sans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E-Ukraine" title="E-Ukraine">e-Ukraine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other<br />typefaces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amiri_(typeface)" title="Amiri (typeface)">Amiri</a></li> <li><span title="Polish-language text"><i lang="pl"><a href="/wiki/Antykwa_P%C3%B3%C5%82tawskiego" title="Antykwa Półtawskiego">Antykwa Półtawskiego</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asana-Math" title="Asana-Math">Asana-Math</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atkinson_Hyperlegible" title="Atkinson Hyperlegible">Atkinson Hyperlegible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bembo#Digitisations_and_derivatives" title="Bembo">Cardo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandas_(typeface)" title="Chandas (typeface)">Chandas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comic_Neue" title="Comic Neue">Comic Neue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garamond#Cormorant" title="Garamond">Cormorant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EB_Garamond" title="EB Garamond">EB Garamond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gentium" title="Gentium">Gentium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Western_typography#Fell_types" title="History of Western typography">IM Fell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inconsolata" title="Inconsolata">Inconsolata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iosevka" title="Iosevka">Iosevka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jomolhari_(typeface)" title="Jomolhari (typeface)">Jomolhari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junicode" title="Junicode">Junicode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kochi_(font)" title="Kochi (font)">Kochi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lato_(typeface)" title="Lato (typeface)">Lato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linux_Libertine" title="Linux Libertine">Linux Libertine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montserrat_(typeface)" title="Montserrat (typeface)">Montserrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%2B_FONTS" title="M+ FONTS">M<sup>+</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/News_Gothic" title="News Gothic">News Cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baskerville" title="Baskerville">Open Baskerville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenDyslexic" title="OpenDyslexic">OpenDyslexic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_Gothic" title="Bank Gothic">Squarish Sans CT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theano_Didot" title="Theano Didot">Theano Didot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WenQuanYi" title="WenQuanYi">WenQuanYi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XITS_font_project" title="XITS font project">XITS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Groups and<br />people</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Donald Knuth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Larabie" title="Ray Larabie">Ray Larabie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raph_Levien" title="Raph Levien">Raph Levien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Behdad_Esfahbod" title="Behdad Esfahbod">Behdad Esfahbod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Font_Awesome" title="Font Awesome">Font Awesome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Font_Society" title="Greek Font Society">Greek Font Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Font_Library" title="Font Library">Font Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Fonts" title="Google Fonts">Google Fonts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIL_International" title="SIL International">SIL International</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg/28px-Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg/42px-Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg/56px-Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Free_and_open-source_software" title="Portal:Free and open-source software">Free and open-source software portal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Open-source_Unicode_typefaces" title="Open-source Unicode typefaces">Open-source Unicode typefaces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Open-source_typefaces" title="Category:Open-source typefaces">List of open source typefaces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Free_software_Unicode_typefaces" title="Category:Free software Unicode typefaces">List of free software Unicode typefaces</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Contributors_to_Mad" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Madcontribs" title="Template:Madcontribs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Madcontribs" title="Template talk:Madcontribs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Madcontribs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Madcontribs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Contributors_to_Mad" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Contributors to <i><a href="/wiki/Mad_(magazine)" title="Mad (magazine)">Mad</a></i></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>"The Usual Gang of Idiots"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Publisher</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Gaines" title="William Gaines">William M. Gaines</a> (1952–1992)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Editors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Kurtzman" title="Harvey Kurtzman">Harvey Kurtzman</a> (1952–1956) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Kurtzman%27s_editorship_of_Mad" title="Harvey Kurtzman's editorship of Mad">editorship</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Feldstein" title="Al Feldstein">Al Feldstein</a> (1956–1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ficarra" title="John Ficarra">John Ficarra</a> (1984–2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Meglin" title="Nick Meglin">Nick Meglin</a> (1984–2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Raiola" title="Joe Raiola">Joe Raiola</a> (1984–2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Morrison_(comics)" title="Bill Morrison (comics)">Bill Morrison</a> (2017–2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allie_Goertz" title="Allie Goertz">Allie Goertz</a> (2018–2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Writers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Barbieri" title="Tony Barbieri">Tony Barbieri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_DeBartolo" title="Dick DeBartolo">Dick DeBartolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desmond_Devlin" title="Desmond Devlin">Desmond Devlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Gallagher_(writer)" title="Michael Gallagher (writer)">Michael Gallagher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stan_Hart" title="Stan Hart">Stan Hart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Jacobs" title="Frank Jacobs">Frank Jacobs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Koch" title="Tom Koch">Tom Koch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnie_Kogen" title="Arnie Kogen">Arnie Kogen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Laikin" title="Paul Laikin">Paul Laikin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Liebmann" title="Barry Liebmann">Barry Liebmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Siegel" title="Larry Siegel">Larry Siegel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lou_Silverstone" title="Lou Silverstone">Lou Silverstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Snider" title="Mike Snider">Mike Snider</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Writer-Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sergio_Aragon%C3%A9s" title="Sergio Aragonés">Sergio Aragonés</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Berg_(cartoonist)" title="Dave Berg (cartoonist)">Dave Berg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Caldwell_(cartoonist)" title="John Caldwell (cartoonist)">John Caldwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_DeFuccio" title="Jerry DeFuccio">Jerry DeFuccio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duck_Edwing" title="Duck Edwing">Duck Edwing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Jaffee" title="Al Jaffee">Al Jaffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Kuper" title="Peter Kuper">Peter Kuper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Martin_(cartoonist)" title="Don Martin (cartoonist)">Don Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Peter_Porges" title="Paul Peter Porges">Paul Peter Porges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Proh%C3%ADas" title="Antonio Prohías">Antonio Prohías</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Putnam_(comics)" title="John Putnam (comics)">John Putnam</a> (Art Director, 1954–1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Bunk" title="Tom Bunk">Tom Bunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Clarke_(illustrator)" title="Bob Clarke (illustrator)">Bob Clarke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Coker" title="Paul Coker">Paul Coker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Davis_(cartoonist)" title="Jack Davis (cartoonist)">Jack Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mort_Drucker" title="Mort Drucker">Mort Drucker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Will_Elder" title="Will Elder">Will Elder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Kelly_Freas" class="mw-redirect" title="Frank Kelly Freas">Frank Kelly Freas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drew_Friedman_(cartoonist)" title="Drew Friedman (cartoonist)">Drew Friedman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Jones_(illustrator)" title="Bob Jones (illustrator)">Bob Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Mej%C3%ADa" title="Hermann Mejía">Hermann Mejía</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Mingo" title="Norman Mingo">Norman Mingo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Orlando" title="Joe Orlando">Joe Orlando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Richmond_(illustrator)" title="Tom Richmond (illustrator)">Tom Richmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Rickard" title="Jack Rickard">Jack Rickard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Severin" title="John Severin">John Severin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Staake" title="Bob Staake">Bob Staake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angelo_Torres" title="Angelo Torres">Angelo Torres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rick_Tulka" title="Rick Tulka">Rick Tulka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Viviano" title="Sam Viviano">Sam Viviano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Warhola" title="James Warhola">James Warhola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basil_Wolverton" title="Basil Wolverton">Basil Wolverton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monte_Wolverton" title="Monte Wolverton">Monte Wolverton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wally_Wood" title="Wally Wood">Wally Wood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Woodbridge_(illustrator)" title="George Woodbridge (illustrator)">George Woodbridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Wray_(artist)" title="William Wray (artist)">Bill Wray</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Infrequent contributors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stan_Freberg" title="Stan Freberg">Stan Freberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russ_Heath" title="Russ Heath">Russ Heath</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Donald Knuth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernie_Kovacs" title="Ernie Kovacs">Ernie Kovacs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jay_Lynch" title="Jay Lynch">Jay Lynch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Morgan_(humorist)" title="Henry Morgan (humorist)">Henry Morgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Price_(humorist)" title="Roger Price (humorist)">Roger Price</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irving_Schild" title="Irving Schild">Irving Schild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Shir-Cliff" title="Bernard Shir-Cliff">Bernard Shir-Cliff</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_E._Neuman" title="Alfred E. Neuman">Alfred E. Neuman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Reidelbach" title="Maria Reidelbach">Maria Reidelbach</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_2003" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:FRS_2003" title="Template:FRS 2003"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:FRS_2003" title="Template talk:FRS 2003"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:FRS_2003" title="Special:EditPage/Template:FRS 2003"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_2003" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Fellow of the Royal Society">Fellows</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a> elected <a href="/wiki/List_of_Fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_2003" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Fellows of the Royal Society elected in 2003">in 2003</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fellows</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_D._Barrow" title="John D. Barrow">John D. Barrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jocelyn_Bell_Burnell" title="Jocelyn Bell Burnell">Jocelyn Bell Burnell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariann_Bienz" title="Mariann Bienz">Mariann Bienz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Bonfield" title="William Bonfield">William Bonfield</a></li> <li><i><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21166067" class="extiw" title="d:Q21166067">John Milton Brown</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Wayne_Chase" title="Mark Wayne Chase">Mark Wayne Chase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Coey" title="Michael Coey">Michael Coey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kay_Davies" title="Kay Davies">Kay Davies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Dickinson" title="Tony Dickinson">Anthony Dickinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Dodson" title="Eleanor Dodson">Eleanor Dodson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Dornan" title="Peter Dornan">Peter Dornan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ann_Dowling" title="Ann Dowling">Ann Dowling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffery_Errington" title="Jeffery Errington">Jeffery Errington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Fletcher_(mathematician)" title="Roger Fletcher (mathematician)">Roger Fletcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roderick_Flower" title="Roderick Flower">Roderick Flower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melvyn_Greaves" title="Melvyn Greaves">Melvyn Greaves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Green_(statistician)" title="Peter Green (statistician)">Peter Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keith_Gull" title="Keith Gull">Keith Gull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Holland_(zoologist)" title="Peter Holland (zoologist)">Peter Holland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Hough" title="James Hough">James Hough</a></li> <li><i><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21166615" class="extiw" title="d:Q21166615">Malcolm Irving</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_D._G._Jones" title="Jonathan D. G. Jones">Jonathan D. G. Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_L._Klein" title="Michael L. Klein">Michael L. Klein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_MacDiarmid" title="Alan MacDiarmid">Alan MacDiarmid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Mann_(chemist)" title="Stephen Mann (chemist)">Stephen Mann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nelmes" title="Richard Nelmes">Richard John Nelmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_O%27Rahilly" title="Stephen O'Rahilly">Stephen O'Rahilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridget_Ogilvie" title="Bridget Ogilvie">Bridget Ogilvie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Palmer_(physicist)" title="Tim Palmer (physicist)">Tim Palmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Papaloizou" title="John Papaloizou">John Papaloizou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venki_Ramakrishnan" title="Venki Ramakrishnan">Venki Ramakrishnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Robertson" title="Elizabeth Robertson">Elizabeth Robertson</a></li> <li><i><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21165809" class="extiw" title="d:Q21165809">John Gair Robson</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21165752" class="extiw" title="d:Q21165752">John Donald Scott</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_H._Sibson" title="Richard H. Sibson">Richard H. Sibson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leon_Simon" title="Leon Simon">Leon Simon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_L._Smith" title="Geoffrey L. Smith">Geoffrey L. Smith</a></li> <li><i><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21165003" class="extiw" title="d:Q21165003">Adrian Sutton</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karen_Vousden" title="Karen Vousden">Karen Vousden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Watson_(scientist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrew Watson (scientist)">Andrew Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiona_Watt" title="Fiona Watt">Fiona Watt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_N._T._Wells" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter N. T. Wells">Peter N. T. Wells</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Foreign</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li> <a href="/wiki/Denis_Baylor" title="Denis Baylor">Denis Baylor</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Fotis_Kafatos" title="Fotis Kafatos">Fotis Kafatos</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Klaus_von_Klitzing" title="Klaus von Klitzing">Klaus von Klitzing</a></li> <li> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Donald Knuth</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Sarukh%C3%A1n_Kermez" title="José Sarukhán Kermez">José Sarukhán</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Valentine_Telegdi" title="Valentine Telegdi">Valentine Telegdi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="John_von_Neumann_Lecturers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:John_von_Neumann_Lecturers" title="Template:John von Neumann Lecturers"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:John_von_Neumann_Lecturers" title="Template talk:John von Neumann Lecturers"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:John_von_Neumann_Lecturers" title="Special:EditPage/Template:John von Neumann Lecturers"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="John_von_Neumann_Lecturers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/John_von_Neumann_Lecture" class="mw-redirect" title="John von Neumann Lecture">John von Neumann Lecturers</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lars_Ahlfors" title="Lars Ahlfors">Lars Ahlfors</a> <small>(1960)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Kac" title="Mark Kac">Mark Kac</a><small> (1961)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Leray" title="Jean Leray">Jean Leray</a><small> (1962)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanislaw_Ulam" class="mw-redirect" title="Stanislaw Ulam">Stanislaw Ulam</a> <small>(1963)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Lefschetz" title="Solomon Lefschetz">Solomon Lefschetz</a> <small>(1964)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freeman_Dyson" title="Freeman Dyson">Freeman Dyson</a> <small>(1965)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Wigner" title="Eugene Wigner">Eugene Wigner</a> <small>(1966)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chia-Chiao_Lin" title="Chia-Chiao Lin">Chia-Chiao Lin</a> <small>(1967)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Lax" title="Peter Lax">Peter Lax</a> <small>(1968)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_F._Carrier" title="George F. Carrier">George F. Carrier</a> <small>(1969)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_H._Wilkinson" title="James H. Wilkinson">James H. Wilkinson</a> <small>(1970)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Samuelson" title="Paul Samuelson">Paul Samuelson</a> <small>(1971)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jule_Gregory_Charney" title="Jule Gregory Charney">Jule Charney</a> <small>(1974)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Lighthill" title="James Lighthill">James Lighthill</a> <small>(1975)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Thom" title="René Thom">René Thom</a> <small>(1976)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Arrow" title="Kenneth Arrow">Kenneth Arrow</a> <small>(1977)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Henrici_(mathematician)" title="Peter Henrici (mathematician)">Peter Henrici</a> <small>(1978)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Otto_Friedrichs" title="Kurt Otto Friedrichs">Kurt O. Friedrichs</a> <small>(1979)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keith_Stewartson" title="Keith Stewartson">Keith Stewartson</a> <small>(1980)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garrett_Birkhoff" title="Garrett Birkhoff">Garrett Birkhoff</a> <small>(1981)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Slepian" title="David Slepian">David Slepian</a> <small>(1982)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Keller" title="Joseph Keller">Joseph B. Keller</a> <small>(1983)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCrgen_Moser" title="Jürgen Moser">Jürgen Moser</a> <small>(1984)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Tukey" title="John Tukey">John W. Tukey</a> <small>(1985)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques-Louis_Lions" title="Jacques-Louis Lions">Jacques-Louis Lions</a> <small>(1986)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_M._Karp" title="Richard M. Karp">Richard M. Karp</a> <small>(1987)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germund_Dahlquist" title="Germund Dahlquist">Germund Dahlquist</a> <small>(1988)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Smale" title="Stephen Smale">Stephen Smale</a> <small>(1989)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Majda" title="Andrew Majda">Andrew Majda</a> <small>(1990)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._Tyrrell_Rockafellar" title="R. Tyrrell Rockafellar">R. Tyrrell Rockafellar</a> <small>(1992)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_David_Kruskal" title="Martin David Kruskal">Martin D. Kruskal</a> <small>(1994)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_R._de_Boor" title="Carl R. de Boor">Carl de Boor</a> <small>(1996)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Kahan" title="William Kahan">William Kahan</a> <small>(1997)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olga_Ladyzhenskaya" title="Olga Ladyzhenskaya">Olga Ladyzhenskaya</a> <small>(1998)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_S._Peskin" title="Charles S. Peskin">Charles S. Peskin</a> <small>(1999)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persi_Diaconis" title="Persi Diaconis">Persi Diaconis</a> <small>(2000)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Donoho" title="David Donoho">David Donoho</a> <small>(2001)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Lander" title="Eric Lander">Eric Lander</a> <small>(2002)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinz-Otto_Kreiss" title="Heinz-Otto Kreiss">Heinz-Otto Kreiss</a> <small>(2003)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_C._Newell" title="Alan C. Newell">Alan C. Newell</a> <small>(2004)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerrold_E._Marsden" title="Jerrold E. Marsden">Jerrold E. Marsden</a> <small>(2005)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_C._Papanicolaou" title="George C. Papanicolaou">George C. Papanicolaou</a> <small>(2006)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Kopell" title="Nancy Kopell">Nancy Kopell</a> <small>(2007)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Gottlieb_(mathematician)" title="David Gottlieb (mathematician)">David Gottlieb</a> <small>(2008)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco_Brezzi" title="Franco Brezzi">Franco Brezzi</a> <small>(2009)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernd_Sturmfels" title="Bernd Sturmfels">Bernd Sturmfels</a> <small>(2010)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingrid_Daubechies" title="Ingrid Daubechies">Ingrid Daubechies</a> <small>(2011)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_M._Ball" title="John M. Ball">John M. Ball</a> <small>(2012)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Osher" title="Stanley Osher">Stanley Osher</a> <small>(2013)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leslie_Greengard" title="Leslie Greengard">Leslie Greengard</a> <small>(2014)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Tour_Chayes" title="Jennifer Tour Chayes">Jennifer Tour Chayes</a> <small>(2015)</small></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Donald Knuth</a> <small>(2016)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_J._Matkowsky" title="Bernard J. Matkowsky">Bernard J. Matkowsky</a> <small>(2017)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_F._Van_Loan" title="Charles F. Van Loan">Charles F. Van Loan</a> <small>(2018)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_H._Wright" title="Margaret H. Wright">Margaret H. Wright</a> <small>(2019)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Trefethen" title="Nick Trefethen">Nick Trefethen</a> <small>(2020)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chi-Wang_Shu" title="Chi-Wang Shu">Chi-Wang Shu</a> <small>(2021)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leah_Keshet" title="Leah Keshet">Leah Keshet</a> <small>(2022)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yousef_Saad" title="Yousef Saad">Yousef Saad</a> <small>(2023)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17457#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17457#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17457#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" 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href="https://viaf.org/viaf/7466303">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1442423/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJgd6xPBhmhF94Hhqj63Qq">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/121578437">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79135509">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12358391w">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12358391w">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00445973">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Knuth, Donald Ervin"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/MILV105740">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35635021">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=skuk0003460&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX995432">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/175320">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p073185043">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90620194">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000028777&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000649671&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=328887">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC199615180">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/dbqst3dx1fdpnvl">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810596790905606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007263937005171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058513025706706">Catalonia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14006622">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA00238476?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mathgenealogy.org/id.php?id=10416">Mathematics Genealogy Project</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dl.acm.org/profile/81100246710">Association for Computing Machinery</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=7004138948">Scopus</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zbmath.org/authors/?q=ai:knuth.donald-ervin">zbMATH</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=t0yrrzQAAAAJ">Google Scholar</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dblp.org/pid/k/DonaldEKnuth">DBLP</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathscinet.ams.org/mathscinet/MRAuthorID/103515">MathSciNet</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1022751">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd121578437.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/121578437">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/032581270">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6988n8v">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Donald_Knuth&oldid=1259701394">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Donald_Knuth&oldid=1259701394</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a 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