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Estatunidencs - Viquipèdia, l'enciclopèdia lliure

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data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contingut</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">amaga</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inici</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Formació_de_la_&quot;nació&quot;_estatunidenca" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Formació_de_la_&quot;nació&quot;_estatunidenca"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Formació de la "nació" estatunidenca</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Formació_de_la_&quot;nació&quot;_estatunidenca-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Grups_racials_i_ètnics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grups_racials_i_ètnics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Grups racials i ètnics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Grups_racials_i_ètnics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personificació_de_la_nació" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personificació_de_la_nació"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Personificació de la nació</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personificació_de_la_nació-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Llengües" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Llengües"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Llengües</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Llengües-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Religions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Cultura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diàspora" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diàspora"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Diàspora</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diàspora-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aspectes_negatius" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aspectes_negatius"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Aspectes negatius</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Aspectes_negatius-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció Aspectes negatius</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Aspectes_negatius-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Malnoms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Malnoms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Malnoms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Malnoms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Armamentisme" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Armamentisme"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Armamentisme</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Armamentisme-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Racisme" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Racisme"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Racisme</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Racisme-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Democràcia_sui_generis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Democràcia_sui_generis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>Democràcia <i>sui generis</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Democràcia_sui_generis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Imperialisme" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Imperialisme"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.5</span> <span>Imperialisme</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Imperialisme-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referències" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referències"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Referències</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referències-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contingut" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Commuta la taula de continguts." > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Commuta la taula de continguts.</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Estatunidencs</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vés a un article en una altra llengua. Disponible en 69 llengües" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-69" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">69 llengües</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86" title="أمريكيون - àrab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أمريكيون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="àrab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86" title="امريكان - àrab egipci" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="امريكان" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="àrab egipci" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Американал - àvar" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Американал" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="àvar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerikal%C4%B1lar" title="Amerikalılar - azerbaidjanès" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Amerikalılar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaidjanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="آمریکالی‌لار - South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آمریکالی‌لار" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B" title="Амерыканцы - belarús" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Амерыканцы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarús" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B" title="Амэрыканцы - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Амэрыканцы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF" title="মার্কিন জাতি - bengalí" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মার্কিন জাতি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%DB%8C%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ئەمریکییەکان - kurd central" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئەمریکییەکان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurd central" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ameri%C4%8Dan%C3%A9" title="Američané - txec" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Američané" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="txec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americanwyr" title="Americanwyr - gal·lès" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Americanwyr" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gal·lès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerikanere" title="Amerikanere - danès" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Amerikanere" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Amerikaner" title="US-Amerikaner - alemany" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="US-Amerikaner" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemany" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerikani" title="Amerikani - Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Amerikani" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BC%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%AF" title="Αμερικανοί - grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αμερικανοί" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americans" title="Americans - anglès" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Americans" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estadounidense" title="Estadounidense - espanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Estadounidense" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ameeriklased" title="Ameeriklased - estonià" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ameeriklased" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estatubatuar" title="Estatubatuar - basc" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Estatubatuar" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7" title="آمریکایی‌ها - persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آمریکایی‌ها" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%A9ricains" title="Américains - francès" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Américains" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meirice%C3%A1naigh" title="Meiriceánaigh - irlandès" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Meiriceánaigh" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%85%E0%AA%AE%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%8B" title="અમેરિકનો - gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="અમેરિકનો" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americaanee" title="Americaanee - manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Americaanee" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amurkawa" title="Amurkawa - haussa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Amurkawa" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="haussa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9D" title="אמריקאים - hebreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אמריקאים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="अमेरिकी - hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अमेरिकी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerikaiak" title="Amerikaiak - hongarès" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Amerikaiak" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongarès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B4%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Ամերիկացիներ - armeni" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ամերիկացիներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orang_Amerika_Serikat" title="Orang Amerika Serikat - indonesi" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Orang Amerika Serikat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statunitensi" title="Statunitensi - italià" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Statunitensi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A1%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AB%E4%BA%BA" title="アメリカ人 - japonès" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アメリカ人" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ამერიკელები - georgià" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ამერიკელები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D2%9A%D0%A8_%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="АҚШ америкалықтары - kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="АҚШ америкалықтары" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD%EC%9D%B8" title="미국인 - coreà" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="미국인" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amer%C3%AEk%C3%AE" title="Amerîkî - kurd" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Amerîkî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurd" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pobel_an_Statys_Unys" title="Pobel an Statys Unys - còrnic" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Pobel an Statys Unys" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="còrnic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Америкалыктар - kirguís" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Америкалыктар" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirguís" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americani" title="Americani - llatí" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Americani" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="llatí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerikie%C4%8Diai" title="Amerikiečiai - lituà" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Amerikiečiai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerik%C4%81%C5%86i" title="Amerikāņi - letó" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Amerikāņi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerikanina" title="Amerikanina - malgaix" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Amerikanina" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaix" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Американци - macedoni" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Американци" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verenigde-statenaar" title="Verenigde-statenaar - neerlandès" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Verenigde-statenaar" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerikaner_(USA)" title="Amerikaner (USA) - noruec bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Amerikaner (USA)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="noruec bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerykanie" title="Amerykanie - polonès" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Amerykanie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Povo_dos_Estados_Unidos" title="Povo dos Estados Unidos - portuguès" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Povo dos Estados Unidos" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portuguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B_%D0%A1%D0%A8%D0%90" title="Американцы США - rus" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Американцы США" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Америчане - Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Америчане" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americans" title="Americans - escocès" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Americans" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="escocès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerikanci_(nacija)" title="Amerikanci (nacija) - serbocroat" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Amerikanci (nacija)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbocroat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americans" title="Americans - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Americans" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ameri%C4%8Dania_(USA)" title="Američania (USA) - eslovac" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Američania (USA)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerikan%C3%ABt" title="Amerikanët - albanès" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Amerikanët" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Американци - serbi" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Американци" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amilika" title="Amilika - Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Amilika" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="அமெரிக்கர் - tàmil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அமெரிக்கர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tàmil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81" title="అమెరికన్లు - telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="అమెరికన్లు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="ชาวอเมริกัน - tai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ชาวอเมริกัน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerikal%C4%B1lar" title="Amerikalılar - turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Amerikalılar" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%89%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%89%D9%8A_%D8%A6%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%90%D8%B1%D9%89%D9%83%D9%89%D9%84%D9%89%D9%82" title="شىمالىي ئامېرىكىلىق - uigur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="شىمالىي ئامېرىكىلىق" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uigur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%96_%D0%A1%D0%A8%D0%90" title="Американці США - ucraïnès" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Американці США" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraïnès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerikaliklar" title="Amerikaliklar - uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Amerikaliklar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di_M%E1%BB%B9" title="Người Mỹ - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Người Mỹ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA" title="美国人 - xinès wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="美国人" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="xinès wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="ამერიკალეფი - mingrelià" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ამერიკალეფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E4%BA%BA" title="美國人 - xinès" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="美國人" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="xinès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%AD-kok-l%C3%A2ng" title="Bí-kok-lâng - xinès min del sud" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Bí-kok-lâng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="xinès min del sud" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E4%BA%BA" title="美國人 - cantonès" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="美國人" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q846570#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica enllaços interlingües" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica els enllaços</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espais de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Eines</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">amaga</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Més opcions" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Accions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Estatunidencs"><span>Mostra</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estatunidencs&amp;action=edit" title="Modifica el codi font d&#039;aquesta pàgina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estatunidencs&amp;action=history"><span>Mostra l'historial</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Enlla%C3%A7os/Estatunidencs" title="Una llista de totes les pàgines wiki que enllacen amb aquesta [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Què hi enllaça</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Seguiment/Estatunidencs" rel="nofollow" title="Canvis recents a pàgines enllaçades des d&#039;aquesta pàgina [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Canvis relacionats</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:P%C3%A0gines_especials" title="Llista totes les pàgines especials [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pàgines especials</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estatunidencs&amp;oldid=33945665" title="Enllaç permanent a aquesta revisió de la pàgina"><span>Enllaç permanent</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estatunidencs&amp;action=info" title="Més informació sobre aquesta pàgina"><span>Informació de la pàgina</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Citau&amp;page=Estatunidencs&amp;id=33945665&amp;wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informació sobre com citar aquesta pàgina"><span>Citau aquest article</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:UrlShortener&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fca.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FEstatunidencs"><span>Obtén una URL abreujada</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:QrCode&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fca.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FEstatunidencs"><span>Descarrega el codi QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimeix/exporta </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Llibre&amp;bookcmd=book_creator&amp;referer=Estatunidencs"><span>Crea un llibre</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:DownloadAsPdf&amp;page=Estatunidencs&amp;action=show-download-screen"><span>Baixa com a PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estatunidencs&amp;printable=yes" title="Versió per a impressió d&#039;aquesta pàgina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versió per a impressora</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> En altres projectes </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:People_of_the_United_States" hreflang="en"><span>Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q846570" title="Enllaç a l&#039;element del repositori de dades connectat [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Element a Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Eines de la pàgina"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aparença"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aparença</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">amaga</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De la Viquipèdia, l&#039;enciclopèdia lliure</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(S'ha redirigit des de: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Estatunidenc&amp;redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Estatunidenc">Estatunidenc</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ca" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" style="font-size:90%;width:25em"><caption style="font-weight:bold;color: #202122; background-color: Moccasin;"><span style="float:left;"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Female_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Infotaula grup humà"><img alt="Infotaula grup humà" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Female_icon.svg/22px-Female_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Female_icon.svg/33px-Female_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Female_icon.svg/44px-Female_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="141" data-file-height="157" /></a></span></span>estatunidencs/nord-americans/americans</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r32548069/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{text-align:left;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{text-align:center}}</style></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;width:45%; color: #202122; background-color: #eeeeee;">Tipus</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Poblaci%C3%B3_humana" title="Població humana">població humana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nacionalitat" title="Nacionalitat">nacionalitat</a> i <a href="/wiki/Poble_(pol%C3%ADtica)" title="Poble (política)">poble</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846570?uselang=ca#P31" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;color: #202122; background-color: Moccasin;">Geografia</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;width:45%; color: #202122; background-color: #eeeeee;">Estat</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Estats_Units_d%27Am%C3%A8rica" title="Estats Units d&#39;Amèrica">Estats Units d'Amèrica</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846570?uselang=ca#P17" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;color: #202122; background-color: Moccasin;">Regions amb poblacions significatives</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;width:45%; color: #202122; background-color: #eeeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Estats_Units_d%27Am%C3%A8rica" title="Estats Units d&#39;Amèrica">Estats Units d'Amèrica</a></th><td class="infobox-data">308.000.000<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>-329.000.000<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;width:45%; color: #202122; background-color: #eeeeee;"><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A8xic" title="Mèxic">Mèxic</a></th><td class="infobox-data">738.100–1.000.000<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;width:45%; color: #202122; background-color: #eeeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Canad%C3%A0" title="Canadà">Canadà</a></th><td class="infobox-data">316.350–1.000.000<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;width:45%; color: #202122; background-color: #eeeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Filipines" title="Filipines">Filipines</a></th><td class="infobox-data">220.000–600.000<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;width:45%; color: #202122; background-color: #eeeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Alemanya" title="Alemanya">Alemanya</a></th><td class="infobox-data">324.000<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;width:45%; color: #202122; background-color: #eeeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></th><td class="infobox-data">200.000<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;width:45%; color: #202122; background-color: #eeeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Regne_Unit" title="Regne Unit">Regne Unit</a></th><td class="infobox-data">139.000–197.143<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;width:45%; color: #202122; background-color: #eeeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Corea_del_Sud" title="Corea del Sud">Corea del Sud</a></th><td class="infobox-data">120.000–158.000<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;width:45%; color: #202122; background-color: #eeeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></th><td class="infobox-data">130.000<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;width:45%; color: #202122; background-color: #eeeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">França</a></th><td class="infobox-data">100.000<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;width:45%; color: #202122; background-color: #eeeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Xina" title="Xina">Xina</a></th><td class="infobox-data">71.493<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;width:45%; color: #202122; background-color: #eeeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Brasil" title="Brasil">Brasil</a></th><td class="infobox-data">28.000–70.000<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;width:45%; color: #202122; background-color: #eeeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Col%C3%B2mbia" title="Colòmbia">Colòmbia</a></th><td class="infobox-data">60.000<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;width:45%; color: #202122; background-color: #eeeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></th><td class="infobox-data">60.000<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;width:45%; color: #202122; background-color: #eeeeee;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dndia" title="Índia">Índia</a></th><td class="infobox-data">60.000<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;width:45%; color: #202122; background-color: #eeeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Austr%C3%A0lia" title="Austràlia">Austràlia</a></th><td class="infobox-data">56.276<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;width:45%; color: #202122; background-color: #eeeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></th><td class="infobox-data">52.486<sup id="cite_ref-Gishkori_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gishkori-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;width:45%; color: #202122; background-color: #eeeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Jap%C3%B3" title="Japó">Japó</a></th><td class="infobox-data">51.321<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;width:45%; color: #202122; background-color: #eeeeee;"><a href="/wiki/It%C3%A0lia" title="Itàlia">Itàlia</a></th><td class="infobox-data">50.000<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;width:45%; color: #202122; background-color: #eeeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Emirats_%C3%80rabs_Units" title="Emirats Àrabs Units">Emirats Àrabs Units</a></th><td class="infobox-data">50.000<sup id="cite_ref-BQ_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BQ-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;width:45%; color: #202122; background-color: #eeeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Hait%C3%AD" title="Haití">Haití</a></th><td class="infobox-data">45.000<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;width:45%; color: #202122; background-color: #eeeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Ar%C3%A0bia_Saud%C3%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="Aràbia Saudí">Aràbia Saudí</a></th><td class="infobox-data">40.000<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;width:45%; color: #202122; background-color: #eeeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a></th><td class="infobox-data">37.000<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;width:45%; color: #202122; background-color: #eeeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Noruega" title="Noruega">Noruega</a></th><td class="infobox-data">33.509<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;width:45%; color: #202122; background-color: #eeeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Bahames" title="Bahames">Bahames</a></th><td class="infobox-data">30.000<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;width:45%; color: #202122; background-color: #eeeeee;"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%BAssia" title="Rússia">Rússia</a></th><td class="infobox-data">30.000<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;width:45%; color: #202122; background-color: #eeeeee;"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%ADban" title="Líban">Líban</a></th><td class="infobox-data">25.000<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;width:45%; color: #202122; background-color: #eeeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Panam%C3%A0" title="Panamà">Panamà</a></th><td class="infobox-data">25.000<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;width:45%; color: #202122; background-color: #eeeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Espanya" title="Espanya">Espanya</a></th><td class="infobox-data">22.082<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;width:45%; color: #202122; background-color: #eeeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Xile" title="Xile">Xile</a></th><td class="infobox-data">19.161<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;width:45%; color: #202122; background-color: #eeeeee;"><a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">El Salvador</a></th><td class="infobox-data">19.000<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;width:45%; color: #202122; background-color: #eeeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Nova_Zelanda" title="Nova Zelanda">Nova Zelanda</a></th><td class="infobox-data">17.751<sup id="cite_ref-FactsAndFigures_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FactsAndFigures-39"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;color: #202122; background-color: Moccasin;">Mapa de distribució</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Map_of_the_American_Diaspora_in_the_World_(Updated).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="lang="><img alt="lang=" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Map_of_the_American_Diaspora_in_the_World_%28Updated%29.svg/300px-Map_of_the_American_Diaspora_in_the_World_%28Updated%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Map_of_the_American_Diaspora_in_the_World_%28Updated%29.svg/450px-Map_of_the_American_Diaspora_in_the_World_%28Updated%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Map_of_the_American_Diaspora_in_the_World_%28Updated%29.svg/600px-Map_of_the_American_Diaspora_in_the_World_%28Updated%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2192" data-file-height="1135" /></a></span> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846570?uselang=ca#P242" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Els <b>estatunidencs</b>, que hom anomena més sovint, tot i que impròpiament, <b>nord-americans</b> o <b>americans</b>, són un grup humà heterogeni definit bàsicament pel fet de ser nacionals o ciutadans dels <a href="/wiki/Estats_Units_d%27Am%C3%A8rica" title="Estats Units d&#39;Amèrica">Estats Units d'Amèrica</a>. Tot i que la majoria dels americans són alhora "nacionals" i "ciutadans", algunes persones amb <a href="/wiki/Doble_nacionalitat" class="mw-redirect" title="Doble nacionalitat">doble nacionalitat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Expatriat" title="Expatriat">expatriats</a> i estrangers amb permís de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Resid%C3%A8ncia_permanent_(Estats_Units)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Residència permanent (Estats Units) (encara no existeix)">residència permanent</a> també es poden considerar nacionals americans.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Els Estats Units són la <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A0tria" title="Pàtria">pàtria</a> de persones d'<a href="/wiki/%C3%88tnia" title="Ètnia">orígens ètnics</a> molt diversos. Per tant, ni des de la perspectiva cultural, ni als ulls de la llei, no es considera que la <a href="/wiki/Nacionalitat" title="Nacionalitat">nacionalitat</a> estatunidenca es correspongui amb una <a href="/wiki/Ra%C3%A7a" title="Raça">raça</a> o <a href="/wiki/%C3%88tnia" title="Ètnia">ètnia</a>, sinó amb la <a href="/wiki/Ciutadania" title="Ciutadania">ciutadania</a> i la lleialtat permanent cap al país.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Citizen_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Citizen-43"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Els <a href="/wiki/Angl%C3%A8s" title="Anglès">parlants d'anglès</a>, i sovint també els parlants d'altres llengües, solen anomenar "americans" la gent dels Estats Units. Això deriva de l'ús original d'aquest mot en anglès, és a dir els "anglesos de les <a href="/wiki/Tretze_Col%C3%B2nies" title="Tretze Colònies">Tretze Colònies</a> americanes" per oposició als "anglesos d'<a href="/wiki/Anglaterra" title="Anglaterra">Anglaterra</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-OED_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OED-44"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Tanmateix, el mot "americans" també es pot referir als naturals de tot el <a href="/wiki/Am%C3%A8rica" title="Amèrica">continent americà</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Formació_de_la_&quot;nació&quot;_estatunidenca"><span id="Formaci.C3.B3_de_la_.22naci.C3.B3.22_estatunidenca"></span>Formació de la "nació" estatunidenca</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estatunidencs&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Modifica la secció: Formació de la &quot;nació&quot; estatunidenca"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Flag_of_the_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/220px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/330px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/440px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a><figcaption>Bandera dels Estats Units</figcaption></figure> <p>La majoria dels estatunidencs o els seus avantpassats han <a href="/wiki/Immigraci%C3%B3" title="Immigració">immigrat</a> al territori que ara són els <a href="/wiki/Estats_Units_d%27Am%C3%A8rica" title="Estats Units d&#39;Amèrica">Estats Units d'Amèrica</a> o bé son descendents dels <a href="/wiki/Comer%C3%A7_atl%C3%A0ntic_d%27esclaus" title="Comerç atlàntic d&#39;esclaus">esclaus</a> portats des d'<a href="/wiki/%C3%80frica" title="Àfrica">Àfrica</a>. Les úniques excepcions són els <a href="/wiki/Esquimals" title="Esquimals">esquimals</a>, els <a href="/wiki/Amerindis_dels_Estats_Units" title="Amerindis dels Estats Units">nadius americans</a> i les poblacions aborígens de <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a>, <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a> i <a href="/wiki/Filipines" title="Filipines">Filipines</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> que van esdevenir estatunidencs per l'expansió del país durant el segle&#160;<span title="Nombre&#160;escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xix</span>,<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> i també dels nadius de la <a href="/wiki/Samoa_Nord-americana" title="Samoa Nord-americana">Samoa Nord-americana</a>, de les <a href="/wiki/Illes_Verges_Nord-americanes" title="Illes Verges Nord-americanes">Illes Verges Nord-americanes</a> i de les <a href="/wiki/Illes_Mariannes_Septentrionals" title="Illes Mariannes Septentrionals">Illes Mariannes Septentrionals</a>, totes incorporades durant el segle&#160;<span title="Nombre&#160;escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xx</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-American_Somoans_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-American_Somoans-49"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Malgrat aquesta composició multi-ètnica,<sup id="cite_ref-DD_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DD-50"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Society_in_Focus_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Society_in_Focus-51"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> la cultura dels Estats Units, compartida per la majoria dels americans, és formada per una base de cultura <a href="/wiki/Occident" title="Occident">occidental</a> portada pels primers immigrants, arribats majoritàriament del <a href="/wiki/Nord_d%27Europa" class="mw-redirect" title="Nord d&#39;Europa">Nord d'Europa</a> i de l'<a href="/wiki/Europa_Occidental" title="Europa Occidental">Europa Occidental</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-DD_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DD-50"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Això inclou també influències de la cultura <a href="/wiki/%C3%80frica" title="Àfrica">africana</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> L'expansió cap a l'oest integrà les minories <a href="/w/index.php?title=Criolls_de_Louisiana&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Criolls de Louisiana (encara no existeix)">criolla</a> i <a href="/wiki/Cajuns" title="Cajuns">cajun</a> de l'estat de <a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a>, i els <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hispanos&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hispanos (encara no existeix)">hispanos</a> del <a href="/wiki/Sud-oest_dels_Estats_Units" title="Sud-oest dels Estats Units">Sud-oest</a>, i comportà un estret contacte amb la cultura <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A8xic" title="Mèxic">mexicana</a>. La immigració a gran escala, al pas del segle&#160;<span title="Nombre&#160;escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xix</span> i al segle&#160;<span title="Nombre&#160;escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xx</span>, des de l'<a href="/wiki/Europa_del_Sud" title="Europa del Sud">Europa del Sud</a> i de l'<a href="/wiki/Europa_de_l%27Est" title="Europa de l&#39;Est">Est</a>, introduí diversitat d'elements humans nous. La immigració més recent des d'<a href="/wiki/%C3%80sia" title="Àsia">Àsia</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%80frica" title="Àfrica">Àfrica</a> i <a href="/wiki/Am%C3%A8rica_Llatina" title="Amèrica Llatina">Amèrica Llatina</a> també ha tingut un gran impacte. És a dir que la <a href="/wiki/Interculturalitat" title="Interculturalitat">interculturalitat</a>, no exempta de conflictes, domina tota la societat estatunidenca.<sup id="cite_ref-DD_50-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DD-50"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>A part dels Estats Units, podem trobar americans i els seus descendents arreu del món. Més de set milions d'estatunidencs s'estima que viuen a l'estranger, sense comptar <a href="/wiki/Ex%C3%A8rcit_dels_Estats_Units_d%27Am%C3%A8rica" title="Exèrcit dels Estats Units d&#39;Amèrica">militars</a> ni <a href="/wiki/Diplom%C3%A0cia" title="Diplomàcia">diplomàtics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Grups_racials_i_ètnics"><span id="Grups_racials_i_.C3.A8tnics"></span>Grups racials i ètnics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estatunidencs&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Modifica la secció: Grups racials i ètnics"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Census-2000-Data-Top-US-Ancestries-by-County-1396x955.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Census-2000-Data-Top-US-Ancestries-by-County-1396x955.png/220px-Census-2000-Data-Top-US-Ancestries-by-County-1396x955.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Census-2000-Data-Top-US-Ancestries-by-County-1396x955.png/330px-Census-2000-Data-Top-US-Ancestries-by-County-1396x955.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Census-2000-Data-Top-US-Ancestries-by-County-1396x955.png/440px-Census-2000-Data-Top-US-Ancestries-by-County-1396x955.png 2x" data-file-width="1396" data-file-height="955" /></a><figcaption>Mapa de les ètnies majoritàries a cada comptat dels Estats Units.<br /> <small>És molt significatiu que a la major part del territori siguin majoritaris els alemanys; que a Nova Anglaterra hi dominin anglesos, irlandesos, francesos i italians; els hispans al llarg de la frontera del sud-oest o a Puerto Rico; i els negres i els anomenats "americans" al Sud. Puntualment, també destaquen els amerindis a Navajoland, a Oklahoma i al nord; els noruecs i finesos en zones del nord; els esquimals a Alaska; els francesos a Louisiana i els anglesos al Mig Oest; en canvi, no es reconeix cap majoria a Hawaii.</small></figcaption></figure> <p>Els Estats Units d'Amèrica és un <a href="/wiki/Estat_multinacional" title="Estat multinacional">estat multinacional</a>, i el Cens segueix criteris <a href="/wiki/Ra%C3%A7a_(classificaci%C3%B3_d%27%C3%A9ssers_humans)" title="Raça (classificació d&#39;éssers humans)">racials</a> i <a href="/wiki/%C3%88tnia" title="Ètnia">culturals</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> L'<a href="/wiki/Oficina_del_Cens_dels_Estats_Units" title="Oficina del Cens dels Estats Units">Oficina del Cens dels Estats Units</a> ha reconegut oficialment tradicionalment sis races per als recomptes estadístics: <a href="/wiki/Ra%C3%A7a_blanca" title="Raça blanca">blancs</a> (72,4%), <a href="/wiki/Amerindis_dels_Estats_Units" title="Amerindis dels Estats Units">amerindis</a> i <a href="/wiki/Inuit" title="Inuit">nadius d'Alaska</a> (0,9%), <a href="/wiki/%C3%80sia" title="Àsia">asiàtics</a> (4,8%), <a href="/wiki/Afroamericans" class="mw-redirect" title="Afroamericans">afroamericans</a> i altres negres (12,6%), nadius de <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a> i d'altres illes del <a href="/wiki/Oce%C3%A0_Pac%C3%ADfic" title="Oceà Pacífic">Pacífic</a> (0,2%), i persones de dues o més races (2,9%). El Cens també admet definir-se com d'"altres races" (6,2%),<sup id="cite_ref-Standards_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Standards-57"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Overview_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Overview-58"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PEPT3race08_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PEPT3race08-59"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> si bé la majoria dels ciutadans que diuen ser d'altres races, en realitat són <a href="/wiki/Mest%C3%ADs" title="Mestís">mestissos</a> originaris de <a href="/wiki/Llatinoam%C3%A8rica" class="mw-redirect" title="Llatinoamèrica">Llatinoamèrica</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>L'Oficina del Cens dels Estats Units també classifica el conjunt dels americans com a "hispà o llatí" o com a "no hispà ni llatí", de manera que s'identifica els hispans o llatins com a persones pertanyents alhora a diverses races o ètnies, però que plegades constitueixen la <a href="/wiki/Minoria" title="Minoria">minoria</a> més gran del país (16,3% de la població total són hispans o llatins de qualsevol raça).<sup id="cite_ref-Standards_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Standards-57"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Overview_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Overview-58"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PEPT4HL_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PEPT4HL-62"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Un altre detall distorsionador és la categoria "americà", introduïda al cens des del 1990, ja que s'hi apunten molts ciutadans generalment d'origen britànic, i són majoritaris a la franja nord dels estats del <a href="/wiki/Dixieland" title="Dixieland">sud</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personificació_de_la_nació"><span id="Personificaci.C3.B3_de_la_naci.C3.B3"></span>Personificació de la nació</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estatunidencs&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Modifica la secció: Personificació de la nació"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r32548069/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:352px;max-width:352px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:177px;max-width:177px"><div class="thumbimage" style=""><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Uncle_Sam_(pointing_finger).png" title="Fitxer:Uncle Sam (pointing finger).png"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Uncle_Sam_%28pointing_finger%29.png/175px-Uncle_Sam_%28pointing_finger%29.png" decoding="async" width="175" height="235" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Uncle_Sam_%28pointing_finger%29.png/263px-Uncle_Sam_%28pointing_finger%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Uncle_Sam_%28pointing_finger%29.png/350px-Uncle_Sam_%28pointing_finger%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1271" data-file-height="1708" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:171px;max-width:171px"><div class="thumbimage" style=""><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:ColumbiaStahrArtwork.jpg" title="Fitxer:ColumbiaStahrArtwork.jpg"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/ColumbiaStahrArtwork.jpg/169px-ColumbiaStahrArtwork.jpg" decoding="async" width="169" height="235" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/ColumbiaStahrArtwork.jpg/254px-ColumbiaStahrArtwork.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/ColumbiaStahrArtwork.jpg/338px-ColumbiaStahrArtwork.jpg 2x" data-file-width="576" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">L'Oncle Sam i la Columbia, interpel·lant els ciutadans.</div></div></div></div> <p>Una <a href="/w/index.php?title=Personificaci%C3%B3_nacional&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Personificació nacional (encara no existeix)">personificació nacional</a> és la <a href="/wiki/Antropomorfisme" title="Antropomorfisme">representació antropomòrfica</a> d'un país. Es tracta d'una recreació pròpia del <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B2mic" title="Còmic">còmic</a> i també de la propaganda <a href="/wiki/Nacionalisme" title="Nacionalisme">nacionalista</a>. </p><p>L'<a href="/wiki/Oncle_Sam" title="Oncle Sam">Oncle Sam</a> és la principal i més coneguda personificació nacional dels Estats Units com a país i de vegades més concretament del seu <a href="/wiki/Govern_federal_dels_Estats_Units" title="Govern federal dels Estats Units">govern</a> que va aparèixer per primera vegada durant la <a href="/wiki/Guerra_anglo-americana_de_1812-1815" title="Guerra anglo-americana de 1812-1815">Guerra anglo-americana de 1812-1815</a>. Es representa com un home <a href="/wiki/Ra%C3%A7a_blanca" title="Raça blanca">blanc</a> molt prim i d'edat avançada amb el cabell blanc i una barbeta com de <a href="/wiki/Cabra" title="Cabra">boc</a>, i vestit de manera que recorda els colors i el disseny de la <a href="/wiki/Bandera_dels_Estats_Units" title="Bandera dels Estats Units">bandera dels Estats Units</a>: <a href="/wiki/Barret_de_copa_alta" title="Barret de copa alta">barret de copa alta</a> amb una banda blava amb estrelles blanques, i pantalons a ratlles blanques i vermelles. </p><p>D'altra banda, <a href="/wiki/Columbia_(nom)" title="Columbia (nom)">Columbia</a> és un nom poètic per a <a href="/wiki/Am%C3%A8rica" title="Amèrica">Amèrica</a> que s'ha donat a la personificació femenina dels Estats Units, inicialment de la mà de la poeta <a href="/wiki/Afroamericans" class="mw-redirect" title="Afroamericans">afroamericana</a> <a href="/wiki/Phillis_Wheatley" title="Phillis Wheatley">Phillis Wheatley</a> durant la <a href="/wiki/Guerra_de_la_Independ%C3%A8ncia_dels_Estats_Units" title="Guerra de la Independència dels Estats Units">Guerra de la Independència dels Estats Units</a> el 1776. És una dona igualment blanca amb un vestit que té els colors de la bandera i amb una <a href="/wiki/Barret_frigi" title="Barret frigi">gorra frígia</a>, representativa de la <a href="/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica" title="República">república</a>. Ha inspirat el nom de moltes persones, llocs, objectes, institucions i empreses al continent americà i arreu, per exemple el <a href="/wiki/Washington_DC" title="Washington DC">Districte de Colúmbia</a>, capital dels Estats Units. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Llengües"><span id="Lleng.C3.BCes"></span>Llengües</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estatunidencs&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Modifica la secció: Llengües"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="margin-left:1em; float:right"> <caption><b>Llengües parlades a casa per més d'un milió de persones el 2010</b><sup id="cite_ref-MLA_Data_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MLA_Data-69"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Llengua</th> <th>Percentatge de<br />població</th> <th>Nombre de<br />parlants </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Angl%C3%A8s" title="Anglès">Anglès</a></td> <td>80,38%</td> <td>233.780.338 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Suma de totes les altres llengües</i></td> <td><i>19,62%</i></td> <td><i>57.048.617</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Castell%C3%A0" title="Castellà">Castellà</a> (exclosos <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a> i les <a href="/wiki/Llengua_criolla" title="Llengua criolla">llengües criolles</a>)</td> <td>12,19%</td> <td>35.437.985 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Xin%C3%A8s" class="mw-redirect" title="Xinès">Xinès</a> (inclosos el <a href="/wiki/Canton%C3%A8s" title="Cantonès">cantonès</a> i el <a href="/wiki/Mandar%C3%AD" title="Mandarí">mandarí</a>)</td> <td>0,9%</td> <td>2.567.779 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tag%C3%A0log" class="mw-redirect" title="Tagàlog">Tagàlog</a></td> <td>0,53%</td> <td>1.542.118 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vietnamita" title="Vietnamita">Vietnamita</a></td> <td>0,44%</td> <td>1.292.448 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A8s" title="Francès">Francès</a></td> <td>0,44%</td> <td>1.288.833 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Core%C3%A0" title="Coreà">Coreà</a></td> <td>0,38%</td> <td>1.108.408 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Alemany" title="Alemany">Alemany</a></td> <td>0,38%</td> <td>1.107.869 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hindust%C3%A0nic" title="Hindustànic">Hindustànic</a> (inclosos el <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a> i l'<a href="/wiki/Urdu" class="mw-redirect" title="Urdu">Urdu</a>)</td> <td>0,32%</td> <td>942.794 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>L'<a href="/wiki/Angl%C3%A8s_dels_Estats_Units" title="Anglès dels Estats Units">anglès</a> és, de facto, la <a href="/wiki/Llengua_nacional" title="Llengua nacional">llengua nacional</a> dels Estats Units. Tot i no ser <a href="/wiki/Llengua_oficial" title="Llengua oficial">llengua oficial</a> a nivell federal, hi ha algunes lleis —com ara la que regula l'adquisició de la nacionalitat estatunidenca— que estandarditzen l'anglès. El 2007, uns 226&#160;milions de persones, el 80% de la població de més de cinc anys, només parlaven anglès a casa. El <a href="/wiki/Castell%C3%A0" title="Castellà">castellà</a>, parlat en l'àmbit familiar pel 12% de la població, és el segon idioma més parlat al país i també el més estès com a <a href="/wiki/Biling%C3%BCisme" title="Bilingüisme">segona llengua</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-USCB_Lang_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USCB_Lang-70"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Existeix un moviment que demana que es declari l'anglès llengua oficial federal, i ja ho és en almenys trenta-vuit estats.<sup id="cite_ref-ILW_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ILW-72"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>A l'estat de <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a> són cooficials l'anglès i el <a href="/wiki/Hawai%C3%A0" title="Hawaià">hawaià</a>, d'acord amb la Constitució de l'estat.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a> reconeix trenta llengües indígenes junt amb l'anglès.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Els estats de <a href="/wiki/Nou_M%C3%A8xic" title="Nou Mèxic">Nou Mèxic</a> i <a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a> tenen legislacions que obliguen a emprar el castellà o el <a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A8s" title="Francès">francès</a>, respectivament, junt amb l'anglès, en determinats casos, tot i que cap de les tres llengües té l'estatut de <a href="/wiki/Llengua_oficial" title="Llengua oficial">llengua oficial</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Altres estats, com ara <a href="/wiki/Calif%C3%B2rnia" title="Califòrnia">Califòrnia</a>, tenen establerta la obligatorietat de publicar en castellà determinats documents oficials, per exemple, els formularis judicials.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Diversos territoris insulars tenen garantit el reconeixement oficial de les llengües natives respectives junt amb l'anglès: el <a href="/wiki/Samo%C3%A0" title="Samoà">samoà</a> a la <a href="/wiki/Samoa_Nord-americana" title="Samoa Nord-americana">Samoa Nord-americana</a>, el <a href="/wiki/Chamorro" title="Chamorro">chamorro</a> a <a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a>, el <a href="/wiki/Carolini%C3%A0" title="Carolinià">carolinià</a> i el chamorro a les <a href="/wiki/Illes_Mariannes_Septentrionals" title="Illes Mariannes Septentrionals">Illes Mariannes Septentrionals</a>, i el castellà a <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religions">Religions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estatunidencs&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Modifica la secció: Religions"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Large_Broadside_on_the_Maryland_Toleration_Act.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Large_Broadside_on_the_Maryland_Toleration_Act.jpg/220px-Large_Broadside_on_the_Maryland_Toleration_Act.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Large_Broadside_on_the_Maryland_Toleration_Act.jpg/330px-Large_Broadside_on_the_Maryland_Toleration_Act.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Large_Broadside_on_the_Maryland_Toleration_Act.jpg/440px-Large_Broadside_on_the_Maryland_Toleration_Act.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1243" data-file-height="476" /></a><figcaption>La Llei de Tolerància garantia la llibertat religiosa a la colònia de <a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a>, i en tenien de semblants a <a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island" title="Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a>, <a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a> i <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" class="mw-redirect" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>. Això contrastava, en canvi, amb el govern teocràtic <a href="/wiki/Purit%C3%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="Purità">purità</a> de <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>La religió té als Estats Units un grau d'<a href="/wiki/Religiositat" class="mw-redirect" title="Religiositat">implicació</a> en la societat molt més gran que en altres països occidentals desenvolupats, i també hi ha una diversitat de <a href="/wiki/Confessi%C3%B3_religiosa" title="Confessió religiosa">confessions</a> molt més àmplia. La <a href="/wiki/Primera_esmena_de_la_Constituci%C3%B3_dels_Estats_Units" title="Primera esmena de la Constitució dels Estats Units">Primera esmena</a> a la <a href="/wiki/Constituci%C3%B3_dels_Estats_Units" title="Constitució dels Estats Units">Constitució</a> impedeix que el Govern Federal pugui aprovar qualsevol llei per establir una religió, o per prohibir el lliure exercici de les religions. El <a href="/wiki/Tribunal_Suprem_dels_Estats_Units" title="Tribunal Suprem dels Estats Units">Tribunal Suprem dels Estats Units</a> ha interpretat això en el sentit que el Govern no té cap autoritat sobre qüestions religioses. La majoria dels americans declaren que la religió té un paper "molt important" en les seves vides, una proporció inusual entre els <a href="/wiki/Pa%C3%ADs_desenvolupat" title="País desenvolupat">països desenvolupats</a>, tot i que similar als altres països del continent.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Moltes <a href="/wiki/Confessi%C3%B3_religiosa" title="Confessió religiosa">confessions religioses</a> es mouen pel territori dels Estats Units, unes portades des de fora per les successives onades d'immigrants, i també moltes que han estat fundades dins el país. Unes i altres han fet dels Estats Units el país amb major diversitat religiosa de tot el món.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>La majoria dels americans, un 76%, són <a href="/wiki/Cristianisme" title="Cristianisme">cristians</a>, i la major part d'aquests són <a href="/wiki/Protestantisme" title="Protestantisme">protestants</a> o bé <a href="/wiki/Catolicisme" title="Catolicisme">catòlics</a>: concretament el 51% i el 25% de la població total, respectivament.<sup id="cite_ref-ARIS2008_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ARIS2008-79"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Les altres religions, molt minoritàries, són el <a href="/wiki/Budisme" title="Budisme">Budisme</a>, l'<a href="/wiki/Hinduisme" title="Hinduisme">Hinduisme</a>, l'<a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">islam</a> i el <a href="/wiki/Judaisme" title="Judaisme">judaisme</a>, que totes plegades fan un 4% o 5% de la població adulta.<sup id="cite_ref-ARIS2008_79-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ARIS2008-79"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ciafact_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ciafact-80"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Pew_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pew-81"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Un altre 15% de la població adulta declara que <a href="/wiki/Irreligi%C3%B3" title="Irreligió">no creu o bé no s'identifica amb cap confessió religiosa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ARIS2008_79-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ARIS2008-79"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Ara bé, la <a href="/wiki/Religiositat" class="mw-redirect" title="Religiositat">religiositat</a> dels americans és molt variable arreu del país: el 59% dels habitants de l'<a href="/wiki/Oest_dels_Estats_Units" title="Oest dels Estats Units">Oest</a> diu que creu en <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9u" title="Déu">Déu</a>, i, especialment als estats del Nord-oest, són majoritaris els que no van mai a missa (l'anomenat <i>Unchurched Belt</i> o "Cinturó sense esglésies"), mentre que al <a href="/wiki/Sud_dels_Estats_Units" title="Sud dels Estats Units">Sud</a> (el <i><a href="/wiki/Bible_Belt" title="Bible Belt">Bible Belt</a></i> o "Cinturó de la Bíblia") són el 86%.<sup id="cite_ref-ARIS2008_79-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ARIS2008-79"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Algunes de les <a href="/wiki/Tretze_Col%C3%B2nies" title="Tretze Colònies">Tretze Colònies</a> fundacionals foren establertes per colons que desitjaven practicar llur religió sense sentir-se discriminats: la Colònia de la Badia de <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a> fou establerta per <a href="/wiki/Puritanisme" title="Puritanisme">puritans</a> anglesos, <a href="/wiki/Pennsilv%C3%A0nia" title="Pennsilvània">Pennsilvània</a> per <a href="/wiki/Quaquerisme" class="mw-redirect" title="Quaquerisme">quàquers</a> irlandesos i anglesos, <a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a> per <a href="/wiki/Catolicisme" title="Catolicisme">catòlics</a> anglesos i irlandesos, i <a href="/wiki/Virg%C3%ADnia" title="Virgínia">Virgínia</a> per <a href="/wiki/Anglicans" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglicans">anglicans</a> anglesos. Tot i que alguns estats concrets van mantenir perfectament la seva <a href="/wiki/Confessi%C3%B3_religiosa" title="Confessió religiosa">confessió religiosa</a> particular fins al segle&#160;<span title="Nombre&#160;escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xix</span>, els Estats Units foren el primer país del món sense religió oficial.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Al redactar l'"Estatut de la llibertat religiosa" a Virgínia, els pares de la <a href="/wiki/Constituci%C3%B3_dels_Estats_Units" title="Constitució dels Estats Units">Constitució</a> van rebutjar que es pugui preguntar a ningú sobre religió, i la <a href="/wiki/Primera_esmena_de_la_Constituci%C3%B3_dels_Estats_Units" title="Primera esmena de la Constitució dels Estats Units">Primera esmena</a> prohibeix expressament al govern federal legislar sobre l'<a href="/wiki/Religi%C3%B3_d%27Estat" class="mw-redirect" title="Religió d&#39;Estat">establiment d'una religió</a> o sobre la prohibició del seu <a href="/wiki/Llibertat_religiosa" class="mw-redirect" title="Llibertat religiosa">lliure exercici</a>, de forma que es protegeix qualsevol organització, institució o denominació religioses de la intervenció del govern. Aquesta decisió es deu principalment a la influència dels ideals <a href="/wiki/Racionalisme_(filosofia)" title="Racionalisme (filosofia)">racionalistes</a> i <a href="/wiki/Protestants" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestants">protestants</a> europeus, però també es deu al pragmatisme de les minories religioses i dels petits estats que no volien quedar sota el poder o la influència d'una <a href="/wiki/Religi%C3%B3_d%27Estat" class="mw-redirect" title="Religió d&#39;Estat">religió nacional</a> que no els representava.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultura">Cultura</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estatunidencs&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Modifica la secció: Cultura"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Motherhood_and_apple_pie.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Motherhood_and_apple_pie.jpg/220px-Motherhood_and_apple_pie.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Motherhood_and_apple_pie.jpg/330px-Motherhood_and_apple_pie.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Motherhood_and_apple_pie.jpg/440px-Motherhood_and_apple_pie.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2700" data-file-height="1802" /></a><figcaption>El <a href="/wiki/Past%C3%ADs_de_poma" title="Pastís de poma">pastís de poma</a> i el <a href="/wiki/Beisbol" title="Beisbol">beisbol</a> són dues icones de la cultura americana.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Cowboys_at_a_rodeo_(14583533819).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Cowboys_at_a_rodeo_%2814583533819%29.jpg/220px-Cowboys_at_a_rodeo_%2814583533819%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Cowboys_at_a_rodeo_%2814583533819%29.jpg/330px-Cowboys_at_a_rodeo_%2814583533819%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Cowboys_at_a_rodeo_%2814583533819%29.jpg/440px-Cowboys_at_a_rodeo_%2814583533819%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4765" data-file-height="2815" /></a><figcaption>El <i>cowboy</i>, el personatge més arquetípic del <a href="/wiki/Far_West" title="Far West">Far West</a>, és un tòpic inevitable del poble estatunidenc.</figcaption></figure> <p>La cultura estatunidenca és bàsicament una cultura <a href="/wiki/Occident" title="Occident">occidental</a>, tot i que influenciada per les cultures dels <a href="/wiki/Amerindis_dels_Estats_Units" title="Amerindis dels Estats Units">nadius americans</a>, dels <a href="/wiki/Afroamericans" class="mw-redirect" title="Afroamericans">afroamericans</a>, dels asiàtics, dels <a href="/wiki/Polin%C3%A8sia" title="Polinèsia">polinesis</a> i sobre tot dels <a href="/wiki/Llatinoamericans" class="mw-redirect" title="Llatinoamericans">llatinoamericans</a>. Té característiques pròpies que la fan diferent, com ara un <a href="/wiki/Angl%C3%A8s_dels_Estats_Units" title="Anglès dels Estats Units">dialecte anglès</a> propi, la seva música, les <a href="/wiki/Arts_visuals_als_Estats_Units" title="Arts visuals als Estats Units">arts visuals</a> (especialment el <a href="/wiki/Cinema_dels_Estats_Units" title="Cinema dels Estats Units">cinema</a>, i encara més especialment el <a href="/wiki/Western" title="Western">western</a>), els usos socials, la gastronomia i el folklore.<sup id="cite_ref-Society_in_Focus_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Society_in_Focus-51"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Les bases <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">europees</a> originals d'aquesta cultura venien dels colons <a href="/wiki/Anglaterra" title="Anglaterra">anglesos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Esc%C3%B2cia" title="Escòcia">escocesos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pa%C3%ADs_de_Gal%C2%B7les" class="mw-redirect" title="País de Gal·les">gal·lesos</a> i <a href="/wiki/Irlanda" title="Irlanda">irlandesos</a> de les <a href="/wiki/Tretze_Col%C3%B2nies" title="Tretze Colònies">Tretze Colònies</a> <a href="/wiki/Hist%C3%B2ria_colonial_d%27Am%C3%A8rica_del_Nord" title="Història colonial d&#39;Amèrica del Nord">britàniques</a>. La <a href="/wiki/Cultura_del_Regne_Unit" title="Cultura del Regne Unit">cultura britànica</a> va arribar a Nord-amèrica en forma de <a href="/wiki/Angl%C3%A8s" title="Anglès">llengua</a>, d'un <a href="/wiki/Dret_d%27Anglaterra" title="Dret d&#39;Anglaterra">sistema legal</a> i altres aspectes.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Altres influències importants van venir de la major part d'Europa, principalment d'<a href="/wiki/Alemanya" title="Alemanya">Alemanya</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-kirschbaum_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kirschbaum-86"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> de <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">França</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> i d'<a href="/wiki/It%C3%A0lia" title="Itàlia">Itàlia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Alguns elements originals també hi tenen un paper important. Per exemple, la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Democr%C3%A0cia_jeffersoniana&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Democràcia jeffersoniana (encara no existeix)">democràcia jeffersoniana</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MJ_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MJ-89"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Les <i>Notes sobre l'Estat de Virgínia</i>, de Thomas Jefferson, fou potser la primera crítica cultural influent feta per un americà, i una obra <a href="/wiki/Reaccion%C3%A0ria" class="mw-redirect" title="Reaccionària">reaccionària</a> contra la idea generalitzada a Europa de què qualsevol originalitat que vingués d'<a href="/wiki/Am%C3%A8rica" title="Amèrica">Amèrica</a> havia de ser <a href="/w/index.php?title=Teoria_de_la_degeneraci%C3%B3&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Teoria de la degeneració (encara no existeix)">degenerada</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MJ_89-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MJ-89"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Les idees i els ideals preexistents que evolucionen a Amèrica, com les festes nacionals, molt especialment els esports, la tradició militar,<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> i les innovacions en les arts i l'espectacle, tot plegat dona un fort sentit d'<a href="/wiki/Nacionalisme" title="Nacionalisme">orgull nacional</a> entre la població estatunidenca.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>La cultura americana inclou alhora elements <a href="/wiki/Conservadorisme" title="Conservadorisme">conservadors</a> i <a href="/wiki/Liberalisme" title="Liberalisme">liberals</a>, l'enfrontament entre ciència i religió, les estructures polítiques, l'atracció pel risc i per la <a href="/wiki/Llibertat_d%27expressi%C3%B3" title="Llibertat d&#39;expressió">llibertat d'expressió</a>, el materialisme i la moral. Malgrat certs principis ideològics potents (per exemple, l'<a href="/wiki/Individualisme" title="Individualisme">individualisme</a>, l'<a href="/wiki/Igualitarisme" title="Igualitarisme">igualitarisme</a>, la fe en la <a href="/wiki/Llibertat" title="Llibertat">llibertat</a> i la <a href="/wiki/Democr%C3%A0cia" title="Democràcia">democràcia</a>), la cultura estatunidenca inclou una gran varietat d'expressions degut a la seva diversitat geogràfica i demogràfica. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Diàspora"><span id="Di.C3.A0spora"></span>Diàspora</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estatunidencs&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Modifica la secció: Diàspora"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Molts americans han emigrat a països d'arreu del món, tot i que mai per causes econòmiques. L'any 2016 es calcula que hi havia uns nou milions de ciutadans estatunidencs residint fora dels <a href="/wiki/Estats_Units_d%27Am%C3%A8rica" title="Estats Units d&#39;Amèrica">Estats Units d'Amèrica</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> amb les concentracions més significatives a <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A8xic" title="Mèxic">Mèxic</a> i el <a href="/wiki/Canad%C3%A0" title="Canadà">Canadà</a>, amb prop d'un milió cada un, <a href="/wiki/Filipines" title="Filipines">Filipines</a>, on passen de mig milió, <a href="/wiki/Alemanya" title="Alemanya">Alemanya</a>, amb més de tres-cents mil, <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> i el <a href="/wiki/Regne_Unit" title="Regne Unit">Regne Unit</a>, uns dos-cents mil, <a href="/wiki/Corea_del_Sud" title="Corea del Sud">Corea del Sud</a>, <a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a> i <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">França</a>, on se superen els cent mil residents. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aspectes_negatius">Aspectes negatius</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estatunidencs&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Modifica la secció: Aspectes negatius"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Els estatunidencs tenen una presència molt notòria al món, i això els comporta també algunes contrapartides de caràcter negatiu, de les quals no se'n poden escapar. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Malnoms">Malnoms</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estatunidencs&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Modifica la secció: Malnoms"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Yankee_go_home_Liverpool.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Yankee_go_home_Liverpool.jpg/220px-Yankee_go_home_Liverpool.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Yankee_go_home_Liverpool.jpg/330px-Yankee_go_home_Liverpool.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Yankee_go_home_Liverpool.jpg/440px-Yankee_go_home_Liverpool.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption>Manifestants anti-americans a <a href="/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool">Liverpool</a> (Regne Unit).</figcaption></figure> <p>En alguns contexts també s'anomena els estatunidencs "ianquis", que és un apelatiu en principi reservat als habitants de <a href="/wiki/Nova_Anglaterra" title="Nova Anglaterra">Nova Anglaterra</a>, la regió del nord-est. El mot "ianqui" podria venir de què la majoria dels habitants d'aquella zona, inicialment, eren <a href="/wiki/Neerlandesos" title="Neerlandesos">neerlandesos</a> i molts es deien <i>"Jan"</i> o bé <i>"Kee"</i>, i també tots dos noms junts, d'on vindria <i>"Yankee"</i>. En general, són anomenats així tots els estatunidencs als diversos països del món anglosaxó, però també a molts altres països en sentit pejoratiu, per exemple en el lema <i>"Yankee go home"</i> ("Ianquis aneu-vos-en a casa"). </p><p>A tot <a href="/wiki/Llatinoam%C3%A8rica" class="mw-redirect" title="Llatinoamèrica">Llatinoamèrica</a>, els estatunidencs són anomenats <i>gringos</i>, que ve a ser "estrangers que parlen estrany", que pot venir de <i>griegos</i> (<a href="/wiki/Grecs" title="Grecs">grecs</a>), i que és clarament despectiu. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Armamentisme">Armamentisme</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estatunidencs&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Modifica la secció: Armamentisme"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La <a href="/wiki/Segona_esmena_de_la_Constituci%C3%B3_dels_Estats_Units" title="Segona esmena de la Constitució dels Estats Units">Segona esmena de la Constitució dels Estats Units</a>, aprovada el 15 de desembre de 1791, reconeix el dret dels ciutadans a posseir i portar <a href="/wiki/Armes" class="mw-redirect" title="Armes">armes</a>, i és un <a href="/wiki/Dret_civil" title="Dret civil">dret</a> inalienable perquè forma part de la <a href="/wiki/Declaraci%C3%B3_de_Drets_de_la_Constituci%C3%B3_dels_Estats_Units" title="Declaració de Drets de la Constitució dels Estats Units">Declaració de Drets</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>El 2008, el <a href="/wiki/Tribunal_Suprem_dels_Estats_Units" title="Tribunal Suprem dels Estats Units">Tribunal Suprem</a> sentencià per primer cop que el dret a les armes ho és tan sols per a la defensa pròpia a la llar,<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> i, per tant, no impedeix prohibir les armes a <a href="/wiki/Delinq%C3%BCent" class="mw-redirect" title="Delinqüent">delinqüents</a> i a <a href="/wiki/Psicopatologia" title="Psicopatologia">malalts mentals</a>, ni prohibir les <a href="/wiki/Arma_de_guerra" class="mw-redirect" title="Arma de guerra">armes de guerra</a> en general.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Epstein_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Epstein-102"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ara bé, això fa que els Estats Units sigui el país amb més armes per capita, 120,5 armes de foc per cada 100&#160;habitants (el segon és <a href="/wiki/Iemen" title="Iemen">Iemen</a>, amb 52,8),<sup id="cite_ref-No._1_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-No._1-103"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> i la facilitat per aconseguir armes es considera la primera causa que els Estats Units sigui el primer país en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Massacres_als_Estats_Units&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Massacres als Estats Units (encara no existeix)">massacres</a> fetes per assassins individuals,<sup id="cite_ref-CNN_why_104-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNN_why-104"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> havent estat inútils fins ara els intents de limitar la possessió d'armes o d'establir alguna altra mena de controls. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Racisme">Racisme</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estatunidencs&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Modifica la secció: Racisme"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:We_want_white_tenants.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/We_want_white_tenants.jpg/220px-We_want_white_tenants.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/We_want_white_tenants.jpg/330px-We_want_white_tenants.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/We_want_white_tenants.jpg/440px-We_want_white_tenants.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5974" data-file-height="4753" /></a><figcaption>"Volem propietaris blancs a la nostra comunitat blanca", deia aquest cartell a <a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit</a> el 1942</figcaption></figure> <p>Tot i la teoria de la barreja de races i cultures, als Estats Units hi ha un fort moviment <a href="/wiki/Racisme" title="Racisme">racista</a>, bàsicament dels blancs envers els negres, especialment als <a href="/wiki/Sud_dels_Estats_Units" title="Sud dels Estats Units">estats del Sud</a>. És molt significativa l'existència d'una <a href="/wiki/Elit" title="Elit">elit</a> que es considera l'únic propietari del país, els anomenats <a href="/wiki/WASP" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="WASP">WASPs</a> (<i>White Anglo-Saxon Protestants</i>, o "blancs-anglosaxons-protestants"), que solen reaccionar contra els progressos que es fan cap a la <a href="/wiki/Igualtat_social" title="Igualtat social">igualtat</a> i el respecte pels <a href="/wiki/Drets_civils" title="Drets civils">drets civils</a>. Es pot considerar que l'elecció del president <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Trump</a> per succeir <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Obama</a> és la darrera manifestació massiva d'aquesta tendència. </p><p>L'<a href="/wiki/Esclavitud" title="Esclavitud">esclavitud</a>, la <a href="/wiki/Segregaci%C3%B3_racial_als_Estats_Units" title="Segregació racial als Estats Units">segregació racial</a>, les <a href="/wiki/Reserva_%C3%ADndia" title="Reserva índia">reserves índies</a>, els internats per a nens nadius, les lleis d'immigració i naturalització, i els <a href="/wiki/Camps_de_concentraci%C3%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="Camps de concentració">camps de concentració</a> (especialment, per als <a href="/wiki/Camps_de_concentraci%C3%B3_per_als_japonesos_americans" title="Camps de concentració per als japonesos americans">americans d'origen japonès durant la Segona Guerra Mundial</a>) són els principals instruments legals dels que s'ha servit el <a href="/wiki/Racisme" title="Racisme">racisme</a> als Estats Units. La discriminació legal fou abolida formalment a mitjan segle&#160;<span title="Nombre&#160;escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xx</span>, i començà a ser vista com a socialment i moralment inacceptable. La política racista, però, persisteix, i el racisme continua traduint-se en <a href="/wiki/Desigualtat_social" title="Desigualtat social">desigualtat social</a> i <a href="/wiki/Desigualtat_econ%C3%B2mica" title="Desigualtat econòmica">econòmica</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> L'estratificació racial segueix essent evident en àmbits com la <a href="/wiki/Treball_(economia)" title="Treball (economia)">feina</a>, l'<a href="/wiki/Habitatge" class="mw-redirect" title="Habitatge">habitatge</a>, l'<a href="/wiki/Educaci%C3%B3" title="Educació">educació</a>, el <a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%A8dit" title="Crèdit">crèdit</a> i l'<a href="/wiki/Administraci%C3%B3_p%C3%BAblica" title="Administració pública">administració</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Democràcia_sui_generis"><span id="Democr.C3.A0cia_sui_generis"></span>Democràcia <i>sui generis</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estatunidencs&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="Modifica la secció: Democràcia sui generis"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>L'<a href="/wiki/Espectre_pol%C3%ADtic" title="Espectre polític">espectre polític</a> modern americà i l'ús dels termes "<a href="/wiki/Esquerra" title="Esquerra">esquerra</a>"/"<a href="/wiki/Dreta" title="Dreta">dreta</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Liberalisme" title="Liberalisme">liberalisme</a>"/"<a href="/wiki/Conservadorisme" title="Conservadorisme">conservadorisme</a>" als Estats Units difereix força del que tenen a la resta del món. Tan sols al <a href="/wiki/Canad%C3%A0" title="Canadà">Canadà</a>, i una mica al <a href="/wiki/Regne_Unit" title="Regne Unit">Regne Unit</a>, es pot trobar un llenguatge polític i uns conceptes similars als que són usuals a la política nord-americana. Si la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Limitaci%C3%B3_del_poder&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Limitació del poder (encara no existeix)">limitació del poder</a> i el <i><a href="/wiki/Laissez_faire" title="Laissez faire">laissez faire</a></i> en l'<a href="/wiki/Economia" title="Economia">economia</a> són les premisses bàsiques del <a href="/wiki/Liberalisme_cl%C3%A0ssic" title="Liberalisme clàssic">liberalisme clàssic</a> i del <a href="/wiki/Neoliberalisme" title="Neoliberalisme">neoliberalisme</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Schlesinger_107-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schlesinger-107"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> a la política estatunidenca, en canvi, ambdues línies les segueixen els <a href="/wiki/Conservadors" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservadors">conservadors</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>En la política americana, el <a href="/wiki/Partit_Dem%C3%B2crata_dels_Estats_Units" title="Partit Demòcrata dels Estats Units">Partit Demòcrata</a> representa el <a href="/wiki/Centreesquerra" title="Centreesquerra">centreesquerra</a> liberal, mentre el petit <a href="/wiki/Partit_Verd_dels_Estats_Units" title="Partit Verd dels Estats Units">Partit Verd</a> representa l'<a href="/wiki/Esquerra" title="Esquerra">esquerra</a> <a href="/wiki/Anticapitalista" class="mw-redirect" title="Anticapitalista">anticapitalista</a>. A l'altra banda de l'espectre, el <a href="/wiki/Partit_Republic%C3%A0_dels_Estats_Units" title="Partit Republicà dels Estats Units">Partit Republicà</a> és el típic gran partit de la <a href="/wiki/Dreta" title="Dreta">dreta</a>, amb el <a href="/wiki/Partit_Llibertari_(Estats_Units)" title="Partit Llibertari (Estats Units)">Partit Llibertari</a> que agrupa aquells votants que són més liberals en <a href="/wiki/Socioliberalisme" title="Socioliberalisme">temes socials</a> però igualment conservadors en <a href="/wiki/Pol%C3%ADtica_econ%C3%B2mica" title="Política econòmica">política econòmica</a>. </p><p>Tot plegat fa que els nord-americans, en general, no siguin gaire comprensius amb la política <a href="/wiki/Europa_Occidental" title="Europa Occidental">europea</a>, i que l'esquerra local sempre corri el perill de ser <a href="/wiki/Ca%C3%A7a_de_bruixes" title="Caça de bruixes">demonitzada</a>, com de fet ha passat sovint. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Imperialisme">Imperialisme</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estatunidencs&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13" title="Modifica la secció: Imperialisme"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>L'<a href="/wiki/Imperialisme" title="Imperialisme">imperialisme</a> que exerceixen els Estats Units a bona part del món ha motivat un fort corrent d'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-americanisme&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Anti-americanisme (encara no existeix)">anti-americanisme</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> un sentiment que aplega el desgrat i l'oposició al <a href="/wiki/Govern_federal_dels_Estats_Units" title="Govern federal dels Estats Units">seu govern</a> o a les seves polítiques, especialment pel que fa a la <a href="/wiki/Pol%C3%ADtica_exterior" title="Política exterior">política exterior</a>, o als <a href="/wiki/Nord-americans" class="mw-redirect" title="Nord-americans">nord-americans</a> en general.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Cap altre país del món aplega tanta oposició i tant d'odi envers ell. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referències"><span id="Refer.C3.A8ncies"></span>Referències</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estatunidencs&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14" title="Modifica la secció: Referències"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist &#123;&#123;#if: &#124; references-column-count references-column-count-&#123;&#123;&#123;col&#125;&#125;&#125;" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>&#32;(21/12/2010).&#32;"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101224044247/http://2010.census.gov/news/releases/operations/cb10-cn93.html">U.S. Census Bureau Announces 2010 Census Population Counts – Apportionment Counts Delivered to President</a>". Nota de premsa. &#32;Consulta: 23/11/2012.&#32;Arxivat de <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://2010.census.gov/news/releases/operations/cb10-cn93.html">l'original</a> a data de 24/12/2010. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/popclock/">U.S. and World Population Clock</a>».&#32; U.S. Census Bureau.&#32;[Consulta: 27 novembre 2018].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www3.inegi.org.mx/sistemas/TabuladosBasicos/LeerArchivo.aspx?ct=27409&amp;c=27302&amp;s=est&amp;f=2">People live in Mexico, INEGI, 2010</a>».</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFSmith2010">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131024051944/https://www.overseasvotefoundation.org/files/counting%20american%20civilians%20abroad.pdf">These are our Numbers: Civilian Americans Overseas and Voter Turnout</a>».&#32;<i>OVF Research Newsletter</i>.&#32; Overseas Vote Foundation,&#32;01-08-2010. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.overseasvotefoundation.org/files/counting%20american%20civilians%20abroad.pdf">original</a> el 2013-10-24.&#32;[Consulta: 11 desembre 2012].&#160;«Recerques prèvies indiquen que el nombre d'estatunidencs vivint a Mèxic és al voltant d'1&#160;milió, uns 600.000 dels quals viuen a Ciudad de México.»</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201211144718/http://www12.statcan.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/hlt/97-562/pages/page.cfm?Lang=E&amp;Geo=PR&amp;Code=01&amp;Table=2&amp;Data=Count&amp;StartRec=1&amp;Sort=3&amp;Display=All&amp;CSDFilter=5000">Ethnic origins, 2006 counts, for Canada, provinces and territories - 20% sample data</a>».&#32;<i>Statistics Canada</i>.&#32; Government of Canada,&#32;10-06-2010. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www12.statcan.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/hlt/97-562/pages/page.cfm?Lang=E&amp;Geo=PR&amp;Code=01&amp;Data=Count&amp;Table=2&amp;StartRec=1&amp;Sort=3&amp;Display=All&amp;CSDFilter=5000">original</a> el 2020-12-11.&#32;[Consulta: 17 febrer 2013].&#160;«Un total de 316.350 respostes d'origen ètnic americà»</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">Barrie McKenna&#32;«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/globe-investor/personal-finance/taxes/tax-amnesty-offered-to-americans-in-canada/article4372266/">Tax amnesty offered to Americans in Canada</a>».&#32;<i>The Globe and Mail</i>&#32;[Ottawa],&#32;27-06-2012&#32;[Consulta: 17 desembre 2012].&#32;«Hi ha aproximadament un milió d'americans al Canadà, la majoria amb pocs o cap vincle amb els Estats Units.»</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal">Evan S. Medeiros;&#32;Keith Crane;&#32;Eric Heginbotham;&#32;Norman D. Levin;&#32;Julia F. Lowell <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=Ndb6KWTKRrwC&amp;pg=PA115"><i>Pacific Currents: The Responses of U.S. Allies and Security Partners in East Asia to Chinaâ€TMs Rise</i></a>.&#32; Rand Corporation,&#32;7/11/2008,&#32;p.&#160;115. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-0-8330-4708-3" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-0-8330-4708-3">ISBN 978-0-8330-4708-3</a></span>.&#32;«S'estima que 4&#160;milions de filipino-americans, molts d'ells ciutadans estatunidencs o amb doble nacionalitat, viuen als Estats Units, i més de 250.000 ciutadans estatunidencs viuen a les Filipines.»</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Pacific+Currents%3A+The+Responses+of+U.S.+Allies+and+Security+Partners+in+East+Asia+to+China%C3%A2%E2%82%ACTMs+Rise&amp;rft.date=7%2F11%2F2008&amp;rft.pub=Rand+Corporation&amp;rft.pages=115&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-8330-4708-3&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNdb6KWTKRrwC%26pg%3DPA115"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span><br /><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">&#32;«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2016/12/02/New-U.S.-ambassador-to-PH-aims-to-strengthen-ties.html">New U.S. ambassador to PH aims to 'strengthen' ties</a>».&#32;<i>CNN Philippines</i>&#32;[Metro Manila],&#32;02-12-2016&#32;[Consulta: 20 març 2017].</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170321180053/http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2016/12/02/New-U.S.-ambassador-to-PH-aims-to-strengthen-ties.html">Arxivat</a> 2017-03-21 a <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.<br /><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFLozada2016"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Lozada</span>, Aaron&#32;«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.abs-cbn.com/news/12/01/16/new-us-envoy-relationship-with-ph-most-important">New U.S. envoy: Relationship with PH 'most important'</a>».&#32;<i>ABS-CBN News</i>&#32;[Manila],&#32;02-12-2016&#32;[Consulta: 20 març 2017].</span><br /><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal">International Business Publications, USA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=c7ucUVVBsg4C&amp;pg=PA29"><i>Philippines Business Law Handbook: Strategic Information and Laws</i></a>.&#32; Int'l Business Publications,&#32;1/8/2013,&#32;p.&#160;29. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-1-4387-7078-9" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-1-4387-7078-9">ISBN 978-1-4387-7078-9</a></span>.&#32;«S'estima en 600.000 els americans que visiten Filipines cada any, mentre que uns 300.000 resideixen al país.»</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Philippines+Business+Law+Handbook%3A+Strategic+Information+and+Laws&amp;rft.au=International+Business+Publications%2C+USA&amp;rft.date=1%2F8%2F2013&amp;rft.pub=Int%27l+Business+Publications&amp;rft.pages=29&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-4387-7078-9&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dc7ucUVVBsg4C%26pg%3DPA29"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span title="" style="white-space: nowrap;"><i>&#91;<a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Enlla%C3%A7os_externs#Manteniment_d&#39;enllaços_externs" title="Viquipèdia:Enllaços externs">Enllaç no actiu</a>&#93;</i></span></sup><br /><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFKapoorDela_Cruz2016"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Kapoor</span>, Kanupriya;&#32;<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Dela Cruz</span>, Enrico&#32;«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-philippines-usa-mood/americans-in-philippines-jittery-as-duterte-rails-against-united-states-idUSKBN12I07K">Americans in Philippines jittery as Duterte rails against United States</a>».&#32;<i>Reuters</i>&#32;[Olongapo],&#32;17-10-2016&#32;[Consulta: 20 abril 2018].&#32;«Uns quatre milions de persones d'origen filipí viuen als Estats Units, on son una de les majors minories, i uns 220.000 americans, molts dels quals militars retirats, viuen a les Filipines. A més de 650.000 visitants anuals, segons les xifres del Departament d'Estat.»</span><br /><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170217163542/https://ph.usembassy.gov/fact-sheet-united-states-philippines-bilateral-relations/">FACT SHEET: United States-Philippines Bilateral Relations</a>».&#32; United States Department of State,&#32;28-04-2014. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ph.usembassy.gov/fact-sheet-united-states-philippines-bilateral-relations/">original</a> el 2017-02-17.&#32;[Consulta: 20 abril 2018].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFCooper2013"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Cooper</span>, Matthew&#32;«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationaljournal.com/magazine/why-the-philippines-is-america-s-forgotten-colony-20131115">Why the Philippines Is America's Forgotten Colony</a>».&#32;<i>National Journal</i>,&#32;15-11-2013&#32;[Consulta: 28 gener 2015].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171209232407/http://www.bib-demografie.de/DE/Aktuelles/Presse/Archiv/2017/2017-03-01-zuwanderung-aussereuropaeische-Laender-fast-verdoppelt.html">BiB - Bundesinstitut für Bevölkerungsforschung - Pressemitteilungen - Zuwanderung aus außereuropäischen Ländern fast verdoppelt</a>». Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bib-demografie.de/DE/Aktuelles/Presse/Archiv/2017/2017-03-01-zuwanderung-aussereuropaeische-Laender-fast-verdoppelt.html">original</a> el 2017-12-09.&#32;[Consulta: 2 març 2017].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">Daphna Berman&#32;«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/need-an-appointment-at-the-u-s-embassy-get-on-line-1.237816">Need an appointment at the U.S. Embassy? Get on line!</a>».&#32;<i>Haaretz</i>,&#32;23-01-2008&#32;[Consulta: 11 desembre 2012].&#32;«Segons les estimacions, uns 200.000 ciutadans americans viuen a Israel i als territoris palestins.»</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">Michele Chabin&#32;«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/world/story/2012-03-19/in-vitro-citizenship/53656616/1">In vitro babies denied U.S. citizenship</a>».&#32;<i>USA Today</i>&#32;[Jerusalem],&#32;19-03-2012&#32;[Consulta: 11 desembre 2012].&#32;«La major part dels 200.000 ciutadans estatunidencs a Israel tenen doble nacionalitat, i els tractaments de fertilitat son habituals perquè hi estan permesos.»</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/dcp171776_277619.pdf">Population by Country of Birth and Nationality Report, agost de 2012</a>».&#32; Office for National Statistics,&#32;30-08-2012.&#32;[Consulta: 11 desembre 2012].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">Simon Rogers&#32;«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2011/may/26/foreign-born-uk-population">The UK's foreign-born population: see where people live and where they're from</a>».&#32;<i>The Guardian</i>,&#32;26-05-2011&#32;[Consulta: 17 febrer 2013].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121130162445/http://seoul.usembassy.gov/acs_service.html">U.S. Citizen Services</a>».&#32;<i>Embassy of the United States Seoul, Korea</i>.&#32; United States Department of State. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://seoul.usembassy.gov/acs_service.html">original</a> el 30/11/2012.&#32;[Consulta: 11 desembre 2012].</span><br /><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">Agence France-Presse&#32;«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://m.adelaidenow.com.au/news/world/north-korea-propganda-video-depicts-invasion-of-south-korea-us-hostage-taking/story-fnd11ay0-1226603593729">North Korea propaganda video depicts invasion of South Korea, US hostage taking</a>».&#32;<i>Advertiser</i>.&#32;Agence France-Presse,&#32;22-03-2013&#32;[Consulta: 23 març 2013].</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230112160739/http://m.adelaidenow.com.au/news/world/north-korea-propganda-video-depicts-invasion-of-south-korea-us-hostage-taking/story-fnd11ay0-1226603593729">Arxivat</a> 2023-01-12 a <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2019.htm#relations">Background Note: Costa Rica</a>».&#32;<i>Bureau of Western Hemisphere Affairs</i>.&#32; United States Department of State,&#32;09-04-2012.&#32;[Consulta: 11 desembre 2012].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150418070413/http://france.usembassy.gov/us-france-americans.html">Americans in France</a>».&#32;<i>Embassy of the United States, Paris</i>.&#32; United States Department of State. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://france.usembassy.gov/us-france-americans.html">original</a> el 18/4/2015.&#32;[Consulta: 26 abril 2015].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110514214156/http://www.stats.gov.cn/english/newsandcomingevents/t20110429_402722638.htm">Major Figures on Residents from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan and Foreigners Covered by 2010 Population Census</a>».&#32; National Bureau of Statistics of China,&#32;29-04-2011. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stats.gov.cn/english/newsandcomingevents/t20110429_402722638.htm">original</a> el 14/5/2011.&#32;[Consulta: 29 abril 2011].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://public.tableau.com/vizql/w/InternationalMigrantsbyDestination1960-2015/v/Dashboard2/viewData/sessions/4E366DF208BE41B2ACD4B5D68F2BA1B2-0:1/views/10625182665948828489_15015078885544680812?maxrows=200">Immigrant and Emigrant Populations by Country of Origin and Destination</a>»,&#32;2015.&#32;[Consulta: 27 abril 2017].</span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span title="" style="white-space: nowrap;"><i>&#91;<a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Enlla%C3%A7os_externs#Manteniment_d&#39;enllaços_externs" title="Viquipèdia:Enllaços externs">Enllaç no actiu</a>&#93;</i></span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/brazil/191355.htm">Brazil (11/30/11)</a>».&#32;<i>Previous Editions of Brazil Background Note</i>.&#32; United States Department of State,&#32;30-11-2012.&#32;[Consulta: 11 desembre 2012].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130420175844/http://www.travel.state.gov/travel/cis_pa_tw/cis/cis_1090.html">Colombia (03/28/13)</a>».&#32; United States Department of State. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.travel.state.gov/travel/cis_pa_tw/cis/cis_1090.html">original</a> el 20/4/2013.&#32;[Consulta: 27 febrer 2014].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/hongkong/191071.htm">Hong Kong (10/11/11)</a>».&#32;<i>Previous Editions of Hong Kong Background Note</i>.&#32; United States Department of State,&#32;11-10-2011.&#32;[Consulta: 11 desembre 2012].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">Barry Bearak;&#32;Seth Mydans&#32;«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2002/06/08/world/many-americans-unfazed-go-on-doing-business-in-india.html">Many Americans, Unfazed, Go On Doing Business in India</a>».&#32;<i>The New York Times</i>,&#32;08-06-2002&#32;[Consulta: 17 desembre 2012].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080310121707/http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/ABSNavigation/prenav/ViewData?breadcrumb=POLTD&amp;method=Place%20of%20Usual%20Residence&amp;subaction=-1&amp;issue=2006&amp;producttype=Census%20Tables&amp;documentproductno=0&amp;textversion=false&amp;documenttype=Details&amp;collection=Census&amp;javascript=true&amp;topic=Ancestry&amp;action=404&amp;productlabel=Ancestry%20(full%20classification%20list)%20by%20Sex&amp;order=1&amp;period=2006&amp;tabname=Details&amp;areacode=0&amp;navmapdisplayed=true&amp;">ibid, Ancestry (full classification list) by Sex – Australia</a>». Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/ABSNavigation/prenav/ViewData?breadcrumb=POLTD&amp;method=Place%20of%20Usual%20Residence&amp;subaction=-1&amp;issue=2006&amp;producttype=Census%20Tables&amp;documentproductno=0&amp;textversion=false&amp;documenttype=Details&amp;collection=Census&amp;javascript=true&amp;topic=Ancestry&amp;action=404&amp;productlabel=Ancestry%20(full%20classification%20list)%20by%20Sex&amp;order=1&amp;period=2006&amp;tabname=Details&amp;areacode=0&amp;navmapdisplayed=true&amp;">original</a> el 2008-03-10.&#32;[Consulta: 19 octubre 2014].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gishkori-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Gishkori_24-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFGishkori2015"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Gishkori</span>, Zahid&#32;«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tribune.com.pk/story/929229/over-280000-immigrants-living-in-pakistan-says-nisar/">Karachi has witnessed 43% decrease in target killing: Nisar</a>».&#32;<i>The Express Tribune</i>,&#32;30-07-2015&#32;[Consulta: 3 agost 2017].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ipss.go.jp/p-info/e/psj2008/PSJ2008-10.pdf">Table 10.1 Registered Foreigners by Nationality: 1950-2006</a>».&#32;<i>Ministry of Justice. Annual Report of Statistics on Legal Migrants</i>.&#32; National Institute of Population and Social Security Research,&#32;2008.&#32;[Consulta: 11 desembre 2012].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">Kelly Carter&#32;«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/world/2005-05-09-italy-expats_x.htm">High cost of living crush Americans' dreams of Italian living</a>».&#32;<i>USA Today</i>&#32;[Positano, Itàlia],&#32;17-05-2005&#32;[Consulta: 17 desembre 2012].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BQ-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-BQ_27-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150711160839/http://www.bqdoha.com/2015/04/uae-population-by-nationality">UAE´s population – by nationality</a>».&#32;<i>BQ Magazine</i>,&#32;12-04-2015. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bqdoha.com/2015/04/uae-population-by-nationality">original</a> el 11/7/2015.&#32;[Consulta: 13 juny 2015].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">&#59; James C.«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/18/world/americas/18americans.html?_r=0">For 45,000 Americans in Haiti, the Quake Was 'a Nightmare That's Not Ending'</a>».&#32;<i>The New York Times</i>,&#32;17-01-2010.&#32;[Consulta: 27 febrer 2015].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120913055849/http://www.saudicommercialoffice.com/saudi.html">SAUDI-U.S. TRADE</a>».&#32;<i>Commerce Office</i>.&#32; Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia in Washington D.C.. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.saudicommercialoffice.com/saudi.html">original</a> el 2012-09-13.&#32;[Consulta: 14 febrer 2012].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/argentina/199008.htm">Argentina (03/12/12)</a>».&#32;<i>Previous Editions of Argentina Background Note</i>.&#32; United States Department of State,&#32;12-03-2012.&#32;[Consulta: 24 desembre 2012].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-31">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ssb.no/innvbef_en/tab-2010-04-29-04-en.html">Statistics Norway – Persons with immigrant background by immigration category and country background. January 1, 2010</a>».&#32;[Consulta: 19 octubre 2014].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-32">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/bahamas/196082.htm">Bahamas, The (01/25/12)</a>».&#32;<i>Previous Editions of Panama Background Note</i>.&#32; United States Department of State,&#32;25-01-2012.&#32;[Consulta: 29 desembre 2012].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFBertrand2012"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Bertrand</span>, Eva&#32;«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sputniknews.com/voiceofrussia/2012_12_20/US-citizens-moving-to-Russia-interview/">US citizens moving to Russia</a>».&#32;<i>Voice of Russia</i>&#32;[Russia],&#32;20-12-2012&#32;[Consulta: 7 maig 2017].&#32;«There are about 6.32 million American citizens living abroad, of those about 30.000 chose Russia, according to the Association of Americans Resident Overseas.»</span> <span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171106134706/https://sputniknews.com/voiceofrussia/2012_12_20/US-citizens-moving-to-Russia-interview/">Còpia arxivada</a>». Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sputniknews.com/voiceofrussia/2012_12_20/US-citizens-moving-to-Russia-interview/">original</a> el 2017-11-06.&#32;[Consulta: 5 març 2019].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">Kate King&#32;«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://articles.cnn.com/2006-07-18/world/stranded.family_1_beirut-lebanon-bombing?_s=PM:WORLD">U.S. family: Get us out of Lebanon</a>».&#32;<i>CNN</i>,&#32;18-07-2006&#32;[Consulta: 14 febrer 2012].</span> <span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120306002338/http://articles.cnn.com/2006-07-18/world/stranded.family_1_beirut-lebanon-bombing?_s=PM:WORLD">Còpia arxivada</a>». Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://articles.cnn.com/2006-07-18/world/stranded.family_1_beirut-lebanon-bombing?_s=PM:WORLD">original</a> el 2012-03-06.&#32;[Consulta: 5 març 2019].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/panama/121368.htm">Panama (03/09)</a>».&#32;<i>Previous Editions of Panama Background Note</i>.&#32; United States Department of State,&#32;01-03-2009.&#32;[Consulta: 17 desembre 2012].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-36">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ine.es/jaxi/Datos.htm?path=/t20/e245/p04/a2007/l0/&amp;file=00000010.px">Foreign population by sex, country of nationality and age (up to 85 and above).</a>»&#32;(en castellà),&#32;01-01-2007.&#32;[Consulta: 28 maig 2018].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-37">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">S. Vedoya;&#32;V. Rivera&#32;«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.latercera.com/nacional/noticia/gobierno-cifra-mas-millon-numero-inmigrantes-estan-chile/121733/">Gobierno cifra en más de un millón el número de inmigrantes que están en Chile</a>»&#32;(en castellà).&#32;<i>Latercera</i>,&#32;04-04-2018&#32;[Consulta: 20 abril 2018].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-38">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140413155144/http://m.state.gov/md144565.htm">El Salvador (01/10)</a>».&#32; United States Department of State. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://m.state.gov/md144565.htm">original</a> el 2014-04-13.&#32;[Consulta: 11 abril 2014].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FactsAndFigures-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FactsAndFigures_39-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal">&#32;«North Americans: Facts and figures». A: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.teara.govt.nz/NewZealanders/NewZealandPeoples/NorthAmericans/4/en"><i>Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand</i></a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Te+Ara%3A+The+Encyclopedia+of+New+Zealand&amp;rft.atitle=North+Americans%3A+Facts+and+figures&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.teara.govt.nz%2FNewZealanders%2FNewZealandPeoples%2FNorthAmericans%2F4%2Fen"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-40">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFPetersenNovakGleason1982"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Petersen</span>, William;&#32;<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Novak</span>, Michael;&#32;<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Gleason</span>, Philip. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=7Mkxdz_3d-oC&amp;lpg=PA62&amp;vq=To%20be%20or%20to%20become%20an%20American&amp;pg=PA62#v=snippet&amp;q=To%20be%20or%20to%20become%20an%20American&amp;f=false"><i>Concepts of Ethnicity</i></a>.&#32; Harvard University Press,&#32;1982,&#32;p.&#160;62. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/9780674157262" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/9780674157262">ISBN 9780674157262</a></span>&#32;[Consulta: 1r febrer 2013].&#32;«"És molt dur per nosaltres creure... fins a quin punt eren conscients aquests primers americans de la seva tasca de desenvolupar el caràcter americà per damunt de les polaritats i contradiccions regionals i generacionals d'una nació d'immigrants". ... Per ser o esdevenir americà, una persona no ha de ser de cap nacionalitat, llengua, religió o ètnia concrets. Tot el que ha de fer és comprometre's amb una ideologia política centrada en els ideals abstractes de llibertat, igualtat i republicanisme. És a dir, que el caràcter ideològic universalista de la nacionalitat americana significa que és obert a qualsevol que vulgui esdevenir americà.»</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Concepts+of+Ethnicity&amp;rft.aulast=Petersen&amp;rft.aufirst=William&amp;rft.date=1982&amp;rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&amp;rft.pages=62&amp;rft.isbn=9780674157262&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7Mkxdz_3d-oC%26lpg%3DPA62%26vq%3DTo%2520be%2520or%2520to%2520become%2520an%2520American%26pg%3DPA62%23v%3Dsnippet%26q%3DTo%2520be%2520or%2520to%2520become%2520an%2520American%26f%3Dfalse"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-41">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"L'expressió "nacional dels Estats Units" significa: a) un ciutadà dels Estats Units, o b) una persona que, tot i no ser ciutadà dels Estats Units, li deu lleialtat permanent als Estats Units".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-42">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://definitions.uslegal.com/p/permanent-allegiance/">Permanent Allegiance Law and Legal Definition</a>».&#32; definitions.uslegal.com.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Citizen-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Citizen_43-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal">Christine Barbour;&#32;Gerald C Wright <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=40dPkS2aRZEC&amp;pg=PA31"><i>Keeping the Republic: Power and Citizenship in American Politics, 6th Edition The Essentials</i></a>.&#32; CQ Press,&#32;15/1/2013,&#32;p.&#160;31–33. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-1-4522-4003-9" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-1-4522-4003-9">ISBN 978-1-4522-4003-9</a></span>&#32;[Consulta: 6 gener 2015].&#32;«Qui és americà? Ciutadans de naixement i naturalitzats»</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Keeping+the+Republic%3A+Power+and+Citizenship+in+American+Politics%2C+6th+Edition+The+Essentials&amp;rft.date=15%2F1%2F2013&amp;rft.pub=CQ+Press&amp;rft.pages=31%E2%80%9333&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-4522-4003-9&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D40dPkS2aRZEC%26pg%3DPA31"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span><br /><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFShklar1991"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Shklar</span>, Judith N. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=8n829DOw1PMC&amp;pg=PA3"><i>American Citizenship: The Quest for Inclusion</i></a>.&#32; Harvard University Press,&#32;1991,&#32;p.&#160;3–4. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/9780674022164" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/9780674022164">ISBN 9780674022164</a></span>&#32;[Consulta: 17 desembre 2012].</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=American+Citizenship%3A+The+Quest+for+Inclusion&amp;rft.aulast=Shklar&amp;rft.aufirst=Judith+N.&amp;rft.date=1991&amp;rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&amp;rft.pages=3%E2%80%934&amp;rft.isbn=9780674022164&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8n829DOw1PMC%26pg%3DPA3"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span><br /><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFSlotkin2001"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Slotkin</span>, Richard&#32;«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wesscholar.wesleyan.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1028&amp;context=div2facpubs">Unit Pride: Ethnic Platoons and the Myths of American Nationality</a>».&#32;<i>American Literary History</i>.&#32;<a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>,&#32;13,&#32;3,&#32;2001,&#32;pàg.&#160;469–498. <a href="/wiki/DOI" title="DOI">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1093%2Falh%2F13.3.469">10.1093/alh/13.3.469</a>&#32;[Consulta: 17 desembre 2012].&#32;«Però això també expressa un mite de la nacionalitat americana que roman viu a la nostra vida política i cultural: la imatge idealitzada d'una democràcia multiètnica i multiracial, hospitalària amb les diferències però unida per un sentit comú de pertinença nacional.»</span><br /><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFEderGiesen2001"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Eder</span>, Klaus;&#32;<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Giesen</span>, Bernhard. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=lL-FiY6xhfUC&amp;lpg=PA26&amp;dq=%22American%20nationality%22%20citizenship&amp;pg=PA25#v=onepage&amp;q=%22American%20nationality%22%20citizenship&amp;f=false"><i>European Citizenship: Between National Legacies and Postnational Projects</i></a>.&#32; <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>,&#32;2001,&#32;p.&#160;25–26. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/9780199241200" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/9780199241200">ISBN 9780199241200</a></span>&#32;[Consulta: 1r febrer 2013].&#32;«En les relacions internacionals, el país presenta els seus membres com un cos polític monolític, malgrat els grups ètnics i nacionals existents al seu interior.»</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=European+Citizenship%3A+Between+National+Legacies+and+Postnational+Projects&amp;rft.aulast=Eder&amp;rft.aufirst=Klaus&amp;rft.date=2001&amp;rft.pub=%5B%5BOxford+University+Press%5D%5D&amp;rft.pages=25%E2%80%9326&amp;rft.isbn=9780199241200&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlL-FiY6xhfUC%26lpg%3DPA26%26dq%3D%2522American%2520nationality%2522%2520citizenship%26pg%3DPA25%23v%3Donepage%26q%3D%2522American%2520nationality%2522%2520citizenship%26f%3Dfalse"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span><br /><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal">Charles Hirschman;&#32;Philip Kasinitz;&#32;Josh Dewind <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=nPsWAwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA300"><i>The Handbook of International Migration: The American Experience</i></a>.&#32; Russell Sage Foundation,&#32;4/11/1999,&#32;p.&#160;300. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-1-61044-289-3" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-1-61044-289-3">ISBN 978-1-61044-289-3</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Handbook+of+International+Migration%3A+The+American+Experience&amp;rft.date=4%2F11%2F1999&amp;rft.pub=Russell+Sage+Foundation&amp;rft.pages=300&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-61044-289-3&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnPsWAwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA300"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span><br /><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal">David Halle. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=1KCdTkq56zoC&amp;pg=PA233"><i>America's Working Man: Work, Home, and Politics Among Blue Collar Property Owners</i></a>.&#32; University of Chicago Press,&#32;15/7/1987,&#32;p.&#160;233. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-0-226-31366-5" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-0-226-31366-5">ISBN 978-0-226-31366-5</a></span>.&#32;«La primera -i central- via inclou la visió de que tots els americans són persones nascudes dins dels límits dels Estats Units o que el govern els ha concedit la ciutadania.»</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=America%27s+Working+Man%3A+Work%2C+Home%2C+and+Politics+Among+Blue+Collar+Property+Owners&amp;rft.au=David+Halle&amp;rft.date=15%2F7%2F1987&amp;rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&amp;rft.pages=233&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-226-31366-5&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1KCdTkq56zoC%26pg%3DPA233"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OED-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-OED_44-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r33780657">.mw-parser-output .linkformat{position:relative;font-family:sans-serif;font-size:0.85em;font-weight:bold;cursor:default;color:#808080;background-color:inherit}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .linkformat{background-color:inherit;color:#009400}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .linkformat{background-color:inherit;color:#009400}}</style><span class="linkformat" title="És De subscripció o mur de pagament"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Action_lock_2_-_orange.svg/15px-Action_lock_2_-_orange.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Action_lock_2_-_orange.svg/23px-Action_lock_2_-_orange.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Action_lock_2_-_orange.svg/30px-Action_lock_2_-_orange.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></span></span>&#160;De subscripció o mur de pagament</span> <span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal">&#32;«American». A: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dictionary.oed.com.dax.lib.unf.edu/cgi/entry/50007152?query_type=word&amp;queryword=American&amp;first=1&amp;max_to_show=10&amp;sort_type=alpha&amp;result_place=1&amp;search_id=870u-gw0naW-7329&amp;hilite=50007152"><i>Oxford English Dictionary</i></a>&#32;[Consulta: 27 novembre 2008].</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&amp;rft.atitle=American&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdictionary.oed.com.dax.lib.unf.edu%2Fcgi%2Fentry%2F50007152%3Fquery_type%3Dword%26queryword%3DAmerican%26first%3D1%26max_to_show%3D10%26sort_type%3Dalpha%26result_place%3D1%26search_id%3D870u-gw0naW-7329%26hilite%3D50007152"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span title="" style="white-space: nowrap;"><i>&#91;<a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Enlla%C3%A7os_externs#Manteniment_d&#39;enllaços_externs" title="Viquipèdia:Enllaços externs">Enllaç no actiu</a>&#93;</i></span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-45">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=2yJusP0vrdgC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=Merriam-Webster%27s+Dictionary+of+English+Usage#PPA87,M1"><i>Merriam-Webster's Dictionary of English Usage</i>, p. 87</a>. Consulta 28/11/2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-46">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFLifshey2015"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Lifshey</span>, Adam. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=Z17rCgAAQBAJ"><i>Subversions of the American Century: Filipino Literature in Spanish and the Transpacific Transformation of the United States</i></a>.&#32; University of Michigan Press,&#32;2015,&#32;p.&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=Z17rCgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA119&amp;dq=%22the+status+of+filipinos+in+the+philippines+as+american+nationals%22">119</a>. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-0-472-05293-6" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-0-472-05293-6">ISBN 978-0-472-05293-6</a></span>.&#32;«l'estatut dels filipins a les illes Filipines com a ciutadans americans fou vigent des del 1900 al 1946»</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Subversions+of+the+American+Century%3A+Filipino+Literature+in+Spanish+and+the+Transpacific+Transformation+of+the+United+States&amp;rft.aulast=Lifshey&amp;rft.aufirst=Adam&amp;rft.date=2015&amp;rft.pub=University+of+Michigan+Press&amp;rft.pages=%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZ17rCgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA119%26dq%3D%2522the%2Bstatus%2Bof%2Bfilipinos%2Bin%2Bthe%2Bphilippines%2Bas%2Bamerican%2Bnationals%2522+119%5D&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-472-05293-6&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZ17rCgAAQBAJ"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span><br /><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal">Rick Baldoz. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=J7QUCgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA174"><i>The Third Asiatic Invasion: Empire and Migration in Filipino America, 1898-1946</i></a>.&#32; NYU Press,&#32;28/2/2011,&#32;p.&#160;174. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-0-8147-9109-7" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-0-8147-9109-7">ISBN 978-0-8147-9109-7</a></span>.&#32;«Les memòries dels primers debats sobre la naturalització dels filipins als Estats Units, indiquen que els tribunals dels Estats Units van reconèixer definitivament que els filipins eren "nacionals" americans i no "estrangers".»</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Third+Asiatic+Invasion%3A+Empire+and+Migration+in+Filipino+America%2C+1898-1946&amp;rft.au=Rick+Baldoz&amp;rft.date=28%2F2%2F2011&amp;rft.pub=NYU+Press&amp;rft.pages=174&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-8147-9109-7&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJ7QUCgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA174"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span><br /><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fam.state.gov/FAM/08FAM/08FAM030112.html">8 FAM 301.12 Special Citizenship Provisions Regarding the Philippines</a>».&#32; United States Department of State,&#32;27-06-2018.&#32;[Consulta: 18 juliol 2018].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-47">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Fiorina, Morris P., i Paul E. Peterson, <i>The New American Democracy</i>, Longman, Londres, 2000, pàg. 97. <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/0-321-07058-5" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/0-321-07058-5">ISBN 0-321-07058-5</a>;</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-48">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">U.S. Census Bureau. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/population/foreign/about/faq.html">Foreign-Born Population Frequently asked Questions</a> consultat en 19/1/2015. L'Oficina del Cens dels Estats Units empra els termes "nadiu" i "nascut nadiu" per referir-se a tots els nascuts a Puerto Rico, la Samoa Americana, Guam, el Commonwealth de les Illes Marianes Septentrionals o les Illes Verges Americanes.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-American_Somoans-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-American_Somoans_49-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">&#32;«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/news/asian-america/u-s-nationals-born-american-samoa-sue-citizenship-n860721">U.S. nationals born in American Samoa sue for citizenship</a>».&#32;<i>Associated Press</i>.&#32;NBC News,&#32;28-03-2018&#32;[Consulta: 1r octubre 2018].</span> Vegeu també <span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFMendoza2014"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Mendoza</span>, Moises.&#32;«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pri.org/stories/2014-10-11/how-weird-law-gives-one-group-american-nationality-not-citizenship">How a weird law gives one group American nationality but not citizenship</a>».&#32; Public Radio International,&#32;11-10-2014.&#32;[Consulta: 24 agost 2018].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DD-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-DD_50-0">50,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-DD_50-1">50,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-DD_50-2">50,2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Adams, J.Q., i Pearlie Strother-Adams, <i>Dealing with Diversity</i>, Kendall/Hunt, Chicago, 2001. <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/0-7872-8145-X" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/0-7872-8145-X">ISBN 0-7872-8145-X</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Society_in_Focus-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Society_in_Focus_51-0">51,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Society_in_Focus_51-1">51,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Thompson, William, i Joseph Hickey, <i>Society in Focus</i>, Pearson, Boston, 2005. <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/0-205-41365-X" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/0-205-41365-X">ISBN 0-205-41365-X</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-52">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Holloway, Joseph E, <i>Africanisms in American Culture</i>, Indiana University Press, Bloomington, 2005 (2a ed.), pàg. 18–38. <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/0-253-34479-4" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/0-253-34479-4">ISBN 0-253-34479-4</a>. Johnson, Fern L., <i>Speaking Culturally: Language Diversity in the United States</i>, Sage, Thousand Oaks - Londres - Nova Delhi, 1999, pàg. 116. <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/0-8039-5912-5" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/0-8039-5912-5">ISBN 0-8039-5912-5</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-53">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">Jay Tolson&#32;«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2008/07/28/a-growing-trend-of-leaving-america">A Growing Trend of Leaving America</a>».&#32;<i>U.S. News &amp; World Report</i>,&#32;28-07-2008&#32;[Consulta: 17 desembre 2012].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-54">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121119013957/http://www.aaro.org/about-aaro/6m-americans-abroad">6.32 million Americans (excluding military) live in 160-plus countries.</a>».&#32; Association of Americans Resident Overseas. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aaro.org/about-aaro/6m-americans-abroad">original</a> el 2012-11-19.&#32;[Consulta: 17 desembre 2012].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-55">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">&#32;«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.esquire.com/features/american-diaspora-1008">The American Diaspora</a>».&#32;<i>Esquire</i>.&#32;Hurst Communications, Inc.&#32;[Consulta: 17 desembre 2012].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-56">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/population/pop-profile/2000/chap16.pdf">Our Diverse Population: Race and Hispanic Origin, 2000</a>»&#32;(PDF).&#32; United States Census Bureau.&#32;[Consulta: 24 abril 2008].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Standards-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Standards_57-0">57,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Standards_57-1">57,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090315191301/https://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/fedreg/1997standards.html">Revisions to the Standards for the Classification of Federal Data on Race and Ethnicity</a>».&#32; Office of Management and Budget. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/fedreg/1997standards.html">original</a> el 15/3/2009.&#32;[Consulta: 5 maig 2008].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Overview-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Overview_58-0">58,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Overview_58-1">58,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Grieco</span>, Elizabeth M&#59; Rachel C. Cassidy.&#32;«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/prod/2001pubs/cenbr01-1.pdf">Overview of Race and Hispanic Origin: 2000</a>»&#32;(PDF).&#32; United States Census Bureau.&#32;[Consulta: 2 gener 2015].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PEPT3race08-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-PEPT3race08_59-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200212040653/http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/DTTable?_bm=y&amp;-state=dt&amp;-context=dt&amp;-ds_name=PEP_2008_EST&amp;-CONTEXT=dt&amp;-mt_name=PEP_2008_EST_G2008_T003_2008&amp;-tree_id=809&amp;-redoLog=false&amp;-currentselections=PEP_2006_EST_G2006_T004_2006&amp;-geo_id=01000US&amp;-geo_id=02000US1&amp;-geo_id=02000US2&amp;-geo_id=02000US3&amp;-geo_id=02000US4&amp;-search_results=01000US&amp;-format=&amp;-_lang=en">Detailed Tables - American FactFinder; T3-2008. Race [7]</a>».&#32;<i>2008 Population Estimates</i>.&#32; U.S. Census Bureau. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/DTTable?_bm=y&amp;-state=dt&amp;-context=dt&amp;-ds_name=PEP_2008_EST&amp;-CONTEXT=dt&amp;-mt_name=PEP_2008_EST_G2008_T003_2008&amp;-tree_id=809&amp;-redoLog=false&amp;-currentselections=PEP_2006_EST_G2006_T004_2006&amp;-geo_id=01000US&amp;-geo_id=02000US1&amp;-geo_id=02000US2&amp;-geo_id=02000US3&amp;-geo_id=02000US4&amp;-search_results=01000US&amp;-format=&amp;-_lang=en">original</a> el 2020-02-12.&#32;[Consulta: 28 febrer 2010].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-60">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20150103065506/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_SF1/QTP10">Hispanic or Latino by Type: 2010</a>».&#32; United States Census Bureau,&#32;2010. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_SF1/QTP10">original</a> el 2015-01-03.&#32;[Consulta: 2 gener 2015].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-61">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/briefs/c2010br-02.pdf">Overview of Race and Hispanic Origin: 2010</a>».</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PEPT4HL-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-PEPT4HL_62-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200212034822/http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/DTTable?_bm=y&amp;-state=dt&amp;-context=dt&amp;-ds_name=PEP_2008_EST&amp;-CONTEXT=dt&amp;-mt_name=PEP_2008_EST_G2008_T004_2008&amp;-tree_id=809&amp;-redoLog=false&amp;-currentselections=PEP_2006_EST_G2006_T004_2006&amp;-geo_id=01000US&amp;-geo_id=02000US1&amp;-geo_id=02000US2&amp;-geo_id=02000US3&amp;-geo_id=02000US4&amp;-search_results=01000US&amp;-format=&amp;-_lang=en">Detailed Tables - American FactFinder; T4-2008. Hispanic or Latino By Race [15]</a>».&#32;<i>2008 Population Estimates</i>.&#32; U.S. Census Bureau. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/DTTable?_bm=y&amp;-state=dt&amp;-context=dt&amp;-ds_name=PEP_2008_EST&amp;-CONTEXT=dt&amp;-mt_name=PEP_2008_EST_G2008_T004_2008&amp;-tree_id=809&amp;-redoLog=false&amp;-currentselections=PEP_2006_EST_G2006_T004_2006&amp;-geo_id=01000US&amp;-geo_id=02000US1&amp;-geo_id=02000US2&amp;-geo_id=02000US3&amp;-geo_id=02000US4&amp;-search_results=01000US&amp;-format=&amp;-_lang=en">original</a> el 2020-02-12.&#32;[Consulta: 28 febrer 2010].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-63">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=mCopDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA200&amp;lpg=PA200&amp;dq=british+ancestry+american+community+survey&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=SgNvxJ1Rgk&amp;sig=sOC3T4Rmo-4rujsyjtLKgAkPgv4&amp;hl=ca&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwj0oN-z7pjeAhVLAcAKHXhQBDk4ChDoATAAegQIABAB#v=onepage&amp;q=british%20ancestry%20american%20community%20survey&amp;f=false">Ethnic Landscapes of America</a> - By John A. Cross</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-64">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=sQOJDBgBFmYC&amp;pg=PA6&amp;lpg=PA6&amp;dq=12,395,999+census+american&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=SiNYQ3pxRe&amp;sig=J-EXbgcZPGerEm-peSdXhkIrBCg&amp;hl=ca&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwj8wMDv75jeAhXrD8AKHZsVCZ8Q6AEwDHoECAgQAQ#v=onepage&amp;q=12%2C395%2C999%20census%20american&amp;f=false">Census and you: monthly news from the U.S. Bureau... Volume 28, Issue 2</a> - By United States. Bureau of the Census</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-65">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=SVoAXh-dNuYC&amp;pg=PA57">Sharing the Dream: White Males in a Multicultural America</a> By Dominic J. Pulera.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-66">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Reynolds Farley, 'The New Census Question about Ancestry: What Did It Tell Us?', <i>Demography</i>, Vol. 28, núm. 3 (agost de 1991), pàg. 414, 421.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-67">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Stanley Lieberson and Lawrence Santi, 'The Use of Nativity Data to Estimate Ethnic Characteristics and Patterns', <i>Social Science Research</i>, Vol. 14, núm. 1 (1985), pàg. 44-46.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-68">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Stanley Lieberson and Mary C. Waters, 'Ethnic Groups in Flux: The Changing Ethnic Responses of American Whites', <i>Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science</i>, Vol. 487, núm. 79 (setembre de 1986), pàg. 82-86.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MLA_Data-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-MLA_Data_69-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071201170638/http://www.mla.org/map_data">United States</a>».&#32; Modern Language Association. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mla.org/map_data">original</a> el 2007-12-01.&#32;[Consulta: 2 setembre 2013].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-USCB_Lang-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-USCB_Lang_70-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/compendia/statab/2010/tables/10s0053.pdf">Table 53—Languages Spoken at Home by Language: 2007</a>».&#32;<i>Statistical Abstract of the United States 2010</i>.&#32; U.S. Census Bureau.&#32;[Consulta: 21 setembre 2009].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-71">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080803020358/http://www.adfl.org/resources/enrollments.pdf">Foreign Language Enrollments in United States Institutions of Higher Learning</a>».&#32; MLA,&#32;tardor 2002. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adfl.org/resources/enrollments.pdf">original</a> el 2008-08-03.&#32;[Consulta: 16 octubre 2006].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ILW-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-ILW_72-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">Feder, Jody.&#32;«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ilw.com/immigrationdaily/news/2007,0515-crs.pdf">English as the Official Language of the United States—Legal Background and Analysis of Legislation in the 110th Congress</a>».&#32; Ilw.com (Congressional Research Service),&#32;25-01-2007.&#32;[Consulta: 19 juny 2007].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-73">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070705235552/http://www.hawaii.gov/lrb/con/conart15.html">The Constitution of the State of Hawaii, Article XV, Section 4</a>».&#32; Hawaii Legislative Reference Bureau,&#32;07-11-1978. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hawaii.gov/lrb/con/conart15.html">original</a> el 5/7/2007.&#32;[Consulta: 19 juny 2007].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-74">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFChapel2014">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2014/04/21/305688602/alaska-oks-bill-making-native-languages-official">Alaska OKs Bill Making Native Languages Official</a>»,&#32;21-04-2014.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-75">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal">Dicker, Susan J.. <i>Languages in America: A Pluralist View</i>.&#32; Clevedon, UK:&#32;Multilingual Matters,&#32;2003,&#32;p.&#160;216, 220–225. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/1-85359-651-5" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/1-85359-651-5">ISBN 1-85359-651-5</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Languages+in+America%3A+A+Pluralist+View&amp;rft.au=Dicker%2C+Susan+J.&amp;rft.date=2003&amp;rft.pub=Multilingual+Matters&amp;rft.place=Clevedon%2C+UK&amp;rft.pages=216%2C+220%E2%80%93225&amp;rft.isbn=1-85359-651-5"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-76">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100722010302/http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/cgi-bin/displaycode?section=ccp&amp;group=00001-01000&amp;file=412.10-412.30">California Code of Civil Procedure, Section 412.20(6)</a>».&#32; Legislative Counsel, State of California. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/cgi-bin/displaycode?section=ccp&amp;group=00001-01000&amp;file=412.10-412.30">original</a> el 22/7/2010.&#32;[Consulta: 17 desembre 2007].</span> <span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.courtinfo.ca.gov/forms/allforms.htm">California Judicial Council Forms</a>».&#32; Judicial Council, State of California.&#32;[Consulta: 17 desembre 2007].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-77">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070208155508/http://pewglobal.org/reports/display.php?ReportID=167">U.S. Stands Alone in its Embrace of Religion</a>».&#32;<i>Pew Global Attitudes Project</i>. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pewglobal.org/reports/display.php?ReportID=167">original</a> el 8/2/2007.&#32;[Consulta: 1r gener 2007].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-78">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFEck2002"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Eck</span>, Diana. <i>A New Religious America: the World's Most Religiously Diverse Nation</i>.&#32; HarperOne,&#32;2002,&#32;p.&#160;432. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-0-06-062159-9" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-0-06-062159-9">ISBN 978-0-06-062159-9</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=A+New+Religious+America%3A+the+World%27s+Most+Religiously+Diverse+Nation&amp;rft.aulast=Eck&amp;rft.aufirst=Diana&amp;rft.date=2002&amp;rft.pub=HarperOne&amp;rft.pages=432&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-06-062159-9"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ARIS2008-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ARIS2008_79-0">79,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ARIS2008_79-1">79,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ARIS2008_79-2">79,2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ARIS2008_79-3">79,3</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFKosminKeysar2009">&#59; <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Keysar</span>, Ariela«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090407053149/http://b27.cc.trincoll.edu/weblogs/AmericanReligionSurvey-ARIS/reports/ARIS_Report_2008.pdf">American Religious Identification Survey (ARIS) 2008: Summary Report</a>»&#32;(PDF).&#32; Hartford, Connecticut, USA:&#32; Trinity College,&#32;01-03-2009. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://b27.cc.trincoll.edu/weblogs/AmericanReligionSurvey-ARIS/reports/ARIS_Report_2008.pdf">original</a> el 7/4/2009.&#32;[Consulta: 1r abril 2009].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ciafact-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-ciafact_80-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080109013304/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/us.html">CIA Fact Book</a>».&#32; CIA World Fact Book,&#32;2002. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/us.html">original</a> el 9/1/2008.&#32;[Consulta: 30 desembre 2007].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pew-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Pew_81-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090506212506/http://religions.pewforum.org/pdf/affiliations-all-traditions.pdf">Religious Composition of the U.S.</a>».&#32;<i>U.S. Religious Landscape Survey</i>.&#32; Pew Forum on Religion &amp; Public Life,&#32;2007. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://religions.pewforum.org/pdf/affiliations-all-traditions.pdf">original</a> el 6/5/2009.&#32;[Consulta: 9 maig 2009].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-82">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">Newport, Frank.&#32;«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100828073931/http://www.gallup.com/poll/109108/belief-god-far-lower-western-us.aspx">Belief in God Far Lower in Western U.S.</a>».&#32; The Gallup Organization,&#32;28-07-2008. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gallup.com/poll/109108/Belief-God-Far-Lower-Western-US.aspx">original</a> el 28/8/2010.&#32;[Consulta: 4 setembre 2010].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-83">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Feldman, Noah, <i>Divided by God</i>, Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2005, pàg. 10)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-84">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Marsden, George M., <i>Religion and American Culture</i>, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Orlando, 1990, pàg.45–46.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-85">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal">Carlos E. Cortés. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=VQ1zAwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA220"><i>Multicultural America: A Multimedia Encyclopedia</i></a>.&#32; SAGE Publications,&#32;3/9/2013,&#32;p.&#160;220. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-1-4522-7626-7" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-1-4522-7626-7">ISBN 978-1-4522-7626-7</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Multicultural+America%3A+A+Multimedia+Encyclopedia&amp;rft.au=Carlos+E.+Cort%C3%A9s&amp;rft.date=3%2F9%2F2013&amp;rft.pub=SAGE+Publications&amp;rft.pages=220&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-4522-7626-7&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVQ1zAwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA220"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kirschbaum-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-kirschbaum_86-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFKirschbaum1986"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Kirschbaum</span>, Erik. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=JvUMAQAAMAAJ"><i>The eradication of German culture in the United States, 1917-1918</i></a>.&#32; H.-D. Heinz,&#32;1986,&#32;p.&#160;155. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/3-88099-617-2" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/3-88099-617-2">ISBN 3-88099-617-2</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+eradication+of+German+culture+in+the+United+States%2C+1917-1918&amp;rft.aulast=Kirschbaum&amp;rft.aufirst=Erik&amp;rft.date=1986&amp;rft.pub=H.-D.+Heinz&amp;rft.pages=155&amp;rft.isbn=3-88099-617-2&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJvUMAQAAMAAJ"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-87">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal">Peter J. Parish. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=DnQTAXf4NuIC&amp;pg=PA276"><i>Reader's Guide to American History</i></a>.&#32; Taylor &amp; Francis,&#32;gener de 1997,&#32;p.&#160;276. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-1-884964-22-0" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-1-884964-22-0">ISBN 978-1-884964-22-0</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Reader%27s+Guide+to+American+History&amp;rft.au=Peter+J.+Parish&amp;rft.date=gener+de+1997&amp;rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&amp;rft.pages=276&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-884964-22-0&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDnQTAXf4NuIC%26pg%3DPA276"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-88">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal">Marilyn J. Coleman;&#32;Lawrence H. Ganong <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=R3VpBAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA775"><i>The Social History of the American Family: An Encyclopedia</i></a>.&#32; SAGE Publications,&#32;16/9/2014,&#32;p.&#160;775. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-1-4522-8615-0" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-1-4522-8615-0">ISBN 978-1-4522-8615-0</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Social+History+of+the+American+Family%3A+An+Encyclopedia&amp;rft.date=16%2F9%2F2014&amp;rft.pub=SAGE+Publications&amp;rft.pages=775&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-4522-8615-0&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DR3VpBAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA775"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MJ-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-MJ_89-0">89,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-MJ_89-1">89,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=nf22_zMVdqsC&amp;dq">"Mr. Jefferson and the giant moose: natural history in early America"</a>, Lee Alan Dugatkin. University of Chicago Press, 2009. <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/0-226-16914-6" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/0-226-16914-6">ISBN 0-226-16914-6</a>, <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-0-226-16914-9" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-0-226-16914-9">ISBN 978-0-226-16914-9</a>. University of Chicago Press, 2009. Chapter x.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-90">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal">M. D. R. Evans;&#32;Jonathan Kelley <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=QwuLhMDUKdkC&amp;pg=PA302"><i>Religion, Morality and Public Policy in International Perspective, 1984-2002</i></a>.&#32; Federation Press,&#32;gener de 2004,&#32;p.&#160;302. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-1-86287-451-0" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-1-86287-451-0">ISBN 978-1-86287-451-0</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Religion%2C+Morality+and+Public+Policy+in+International+Perspective%2C+1984-2002&amp;rft.date=gener+de+2004&amp;rft.pub=Federation+Press&amp;rft.pages=302&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-86287-451-0&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQwuLhMDUKdkC%26pg%3DPA302"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-91">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">Associated Press&#32;«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nbcnews.com/id/13577802/ns/us_news-life/t/america-tops-national-pride-survey-finds/#.VEiGMyLF-8A">America tops in national pride survey finds</a>».&#32;<i>NBC News</i>.&#32;Associated Press,&#32;27-06-2006&#32;[Consulta: 22 octubre 2014].</span><br /><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal">Elizabeth Theiss-Morse. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=A2SXphY-DvIC&amp;pg=PA133"><i>Who Counts as an American?: The Boundaries of National Identity</i></a>.&#32; <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>,&#32;27/7/2009,&#32;p.&#160;133. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-1-139-48891-4" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-1-139-48891-4">ISBN 978-1-139-48891-4</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Who+Counts+as+an+American%3F%3A+The+Boundaries+of+National+Identity&amp;rft.au=Elizabeth+Theiss-Morse&amp;rft.date=27%2F7%2F2009&amp;rft.pub=%5B%5BCambridge+University+Press%5D%5D&amp;rft.pages=133&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-139-48891-4&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DA2SXphY-DvIC%26pg%3DPA133"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-92">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160616233331/https://travel.state.gov/content/dam/travel/CA_By_the_Numbers.pdf">CA by the Numbers</a>». Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://travel.state.gov/content/dam/travel/CA_By_the_Numbers.pdf">original</a> el 2016-06-16.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-93">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=imIrXUECo1AC&amp;pg=PA118#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false"><i>Constitutional Law</i></a>.&#32; Casenotes.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Constitutional+Law&amp;rft.pub=Casenotes&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DimIrXUECo1AC%26pg%3DPA118%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-94">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal">Jilson, Cal. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=z2BcSYLomQgC&amp;pg=PA405#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false"><i>American Government: Political Development and Institutional Change</i></a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=American+Government%3A+Political+Development+and+Institutional+Change&amp;rft.au=Jilson%2C+Cal&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dz2BcSYLomQgC%26pg%3DPA405%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-95">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">Shaman, Jeffrey.&#32;«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150428033809/http://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals%2Fsaclr50&amp;div=32&amp;id=&amp;page=">After Heller: What Now for the Second Amendment</a>».&#32; Santa Clara Law Review. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/saclr50&amp;div=32&amp;id=&amp;page=">original</a> el 28/4/2015.&#32;[Consulta: 30 gener 2014].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-96">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140210235825/http://www.senate.gov/civics/constitution_item/constitution.htm#amdt_2_(1791)">US Senate Annotated Constitution</a>». Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.senate.gov/civics/constitution_item/constitution.htm#amdt_2_(1791)">original</a> el 10/2/2014.&#32;[Consulta: 30 gener 2014].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-97">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFGreenhouse2008"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Greenhouse</span>, Linda.&#32;«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/27/washington/27scotus.html">Justices, Ruling 5-4, Endorse Personal Right to Own Gun</a>»,&#32;27-06-2008.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-98">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFBarnes2008"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Barnes</span>, Robert.&#32;«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/06/26/AR2008062600615.html">Justices Reject D.C. Ban On Handgun Ownership</a>»,&#32;27-06-2008.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-99">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://online.wsj.com/public/resources/documents/info-scotusdiary-071002.html">WSJ.com</a>».</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-100">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scotusblog.com/2008/06/court-a-constitutional-right-to-a-gun/">Court: A constitutional right to a gun</a>»,&#32;26-06-2008.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-101">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.justice.gov/sites/default/files/usao-ut/legacy/2013/06/03/guncard.pdf">QUICK REFERENCE TO FEDERAL FIREARMS LAWS</a>».&#32;[Consulta: 18 agost 2018].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Epstein-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Epstein_102-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFEpsteinWalk2012"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Epstein</span>, Lee;&#32;<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Walk</span>, Thomas G. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=CmPKNI2z5-AC&amp;pg=PA396&amp;dq=heller+%22not+unlimited%22&amp;hl=ca&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=q2aCUrLZJqnOiwLEqoDoBA&amp;ved=0CD4Q6AEwAw#v=onepage&amp;q=heller%20%22not%20unlimited%22&amp;f=false"><i>Constitutional Law for a Changing America: Rights, Liberties and Justice</i></a>. 8.&#32; CQ Press,&#32;18/9/2012,&#32;p.&#160;395–396. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-1-4522-2674-3" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-1-4522-2674-3">ISBN 978-1-4522-2674-3</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Constitutional+Law+for+a+Changing+America%3A+Rights%2C+Liberties+and+Justice&amp;rft.date=18%2F9%2F2012&amp;rft.edition=8&amp;rft.pub=CQ+Press&amp;rft.pages=395%E2%80%93396&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-4522-2674-3&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCmPKNI2z5-AC%26pg%3DPA396%26dq%3Dheller%2B%2522not%2Bunlimited%2522%26hl%3Dca%26sa%3DX%26ei%3Dq2aCUrLZJqnOiwLEqoDoBA%26ved%3D0CD4Q6AEwAw%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Dheller%2520%2522not%2520unlimited%2522%26f%3Dfalse"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-No._1-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-No._1_103-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">&#32;«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://beta.latimes.com/science/sciencenow/la-sci-sn-united-states-mass-shooting-20150824-story.html">Why the U.S. is No. 1 – in mass shootings</a>».&#32;<i>LA Times</i>,&#32;24-08-2015&#32;[Consulta: 6 novembre 2017].</span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span title="" style="white-space: nowrap;"><i>&#91;<a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Enlla%C3%A7os_externs#Manteniment_d&#39;enllaços_externs" title="Viquipèdia:Enllaços externs">Enllaç no actiu</a>&#93;</i></span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CNN_why-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-CNN_why_104-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFChristensen2017">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edition.cnn.com/2015/08/27/health/u-s-most-mass-shootings/index.html">Why the US has the most mass shootings</a>»,&#32;05-10-2017.&#32;[Consulta: 6 novembre 2017].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-105">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFCERD_Task_Force_of_the_US_Human_Rights_Network2010"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">CERD Task Force of the US Human Rights Network</span>.&#32;«From Civil Rights to Human Rights: Implementing US Obligations Under the International Convention on the Elimination of All forms of Racial Discrimination (ICERD)». A: <i>Universal Periodic Review Joint Reports: United States of America</i>,&#32;agost de 2010,&#32;p.&#160;44.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Universal+Periodic+Review+Joint+Reports%3A+United+States+of+America&amp;rft.atitle=From+Civil+Rights+to+Human+Rights%3A+Implementing+US+Obligations+Under+the+International+Convention+on+the+Elimination+of+All+forms+of+Racial+Discrimination+%28ICERD%29&amp;rft.aulast=CERD+Task+Force+of+the+US+Human+Rights+Network&amp;rft.date=agost+de+2010&amp;rft.pages=44"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-106">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Henry, P. J., David O. Sears. Race and Politics: The Theory of Symbolic Racism. University of California, Los Angeles. 2002.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schlesinger-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Schlesinger_107-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.writing.upenn.edu/~afilreis/50s/schleslib.html">Liberalism in America: A Note for Europeans</a>, per <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_Meier_Schlesinger&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Arthur Meier Schlesinger (encara no existeix)">Arthur Meier Schlesinger</a> (1956), recollit a: The Politics of Hope, Riverside Press, Boston, 1962.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-108">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Leo P. Ribuffo, "20 Suggestions for Studying the Right now that Studying the Right is Trendy", <i>Historically Speaking</i>, gener de 2011, v. 12#1, pàg. 2–6</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-109">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Denis Lacorne, "Anti-Americanism and Americanophobia: A French Perspectives", 2005.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-110">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFChiozza2009"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Chiozza</span>, Giacomo. <i>Anti-Americanism and the World Order</i>.&#32; Baltimore, Maryland:&#32;The Johns Hopkins University Press,&#32;2009.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Anti-Americanism+and+the+World+Order&amp;rft.date=2009&amp;rft.pub=The+Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&amp;rft.place=Baltimore%2C+Maryland"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐7c479b968‐ljjxj Cached time: 20241118044907 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.816 seconds Real time usage: 0.972 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 27396/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 190386/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 89490/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 110753/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.217/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 3507017/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 817.204 1 -total 64.54% 527.452 1 Plantilla:Referències 28.86% 235.815 1 Plantilla:Infotaula_grup_humà 28.10% 229.627 1 Plantilla:Infotaula 23.85% 194.896 61 Plantilla:Ref-web 12.98% 106.096 21 Plantilla:Ref-publicació 12.74% 104.147 19 Plantilla:Ref-notícia 12.33% 100.791 25 Plantilla:Ref-llibre 8.04% 65.712 108 Plantilla:If_both 7.42% 60.624 57 Plantilla:Data_consulta --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key cawiki:pcache:idhash:337490-0!canonical and timestamp 20241118044907 and revision id 33945665. 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