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href="#Political_engagement,_1918_to_1920"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Political engagement, 1918 to 1920</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_engagement,_1918_to_1920-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Trip_to_Russia,_1922/1923" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trip_to_Russia,_1922/1923"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Trip to Russia, 1922/1923</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trip_to_Russia,_1922/1923-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_activities_in_Germany" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_activities_in_Germany"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Later activities in Germany</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_activities_in_Germany-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Emigration_to_the_U.S." class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Emigration_to_the_U.S."> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Emigration to the U.S.</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Emigration_to_the_U.S.-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life_and_death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life_and_death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Personal life and death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life_and_death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Work" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Work"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Work</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Work-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy_and_estate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy_and_estate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Legacy and estate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy_and_estate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Quotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Quotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Quotes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Quotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">George Grosz</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 48 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-48" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">48 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AC_%D8%BA%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2" title="جورج غروز – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جورج غروز" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Георг Грос – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Георг Грос" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Георг Грос – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Георг Грос" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Grosz" title="George Grosz – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="George Grosz" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Grosz" title="George Grosz – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="George Grosz" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Grosz" title="George Grosz – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="George Grosz" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Grosz" title="George Grosz – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="George Grosz" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Grosz" title="George Grosz – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="George Grosz" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Grosz" title="George Grosz – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="George Grosz" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B6%CE%BF%CF%81%CF%84%CE%B6_%CE%93%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Τζορτζ Γκρος – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τζορτζ Γκρος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Grosz" title="George Grosz – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="George Grosz" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Grosz" title="George Grosz – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="George Grosz" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Grosz" title="George Grosz – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="George Grosz" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%A6%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%AF%D9%87_%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3" title="گئورگه گروس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گئورگه گروس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Grosz" title="George Grosz – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="George Grosz" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B2%8C%EC%98%A4%EB%A5%B4%EA%B2%8C_%EA%B7%B8%EB%A1%9C%EC%8A%A4" title="게오르게 그로스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="게오르게 그로스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%A5%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A3_%D4%B3%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%BD" title="Գեորգ Գրոս – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գեորգ Գրոս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Grosz" title="George Grosz – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="George Grosz" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Grosz" title="George Grosz – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="George Grosz" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Grosz" title="George Grosz – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="George Grosz" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Grosz" title="George Grosz – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="George Grosz" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Grosz" title="George Grosz – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="George Grosz" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%27%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%92%27_%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A1" title="ג'ורג' גרוס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ג'ורג' גרוס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgius_Grosz" title="Georgius Grosz – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Georgius Grosz" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgs_Gross" title="Georgs Gross – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Georgs Gross" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Grosz" title="George Grosz – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="George Grosz" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Grosz" title="George Grosz – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="George Grosz" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Grosz" title="George Grosz – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="George Grosz" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="ജോർജ്ജ് ഗ്രോസ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ജോർജ്ജ് ഗ്രോസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AC_%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2" title="جورج جروز – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جورج جروز" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Grosz" title="George Grosz – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="George Grosz" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A7%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B8%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B0%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B9" title="ジョージ・グロス – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジョージ・グロス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Grosz" title="George Grosz – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="George Grosz" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Grosz" title="George Grosz – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="George Grosz" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AC_%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3" title="جارج گروس – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جارج گروس" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Grosz" title="George Grosz – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="George Grosz" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Grosz" title="George Grosz – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="George Grosz" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Grosz" title="Georg Grosz – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Georg Grosz" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81,_%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Гросс, Георг – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гросс, Георг" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Grosz" title="George Grosz – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="George Grosz" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Георг Грос – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Георг Грос" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Grosz" title="George Grosz – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="George Grosz" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Grosz" title="George Grosz – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="George Grosz" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Grosz" title="George Grosz – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="George Grosz" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81" title="Георг Гросс – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Георг Гросс" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Grosz" title="George Grosz – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="George Grosz" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%90%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D2%91_%D2%90%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81" title="Ґеорґ Ґросс – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ґеорґ Ґросс" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">George Grosz</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:GeorgeGrosz.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/GeorgeGrosz.jpg/220px-GeorgeGrosz.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="299" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/9/9a/GeorgeGrosz.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="281" data-file-height="382" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">George Grosz in 1921</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Georg Ehrenfried Groß</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1893-07-26</span>)</span>July 26, 1893<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia">Kingdom of Prussia</a>, <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">July 6, 1959<span style="display:none">(1959-07-06)</span> (aged 65)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/West_Berlin" title="West Berlin">West Berlin</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">West Germany</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">German</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">American</a> (since 1938)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dresden_Academy" class="mw-redirect" title="Dresden Academy">Dresden Academy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Painting" title="Painting">Painting</a>, <a href="/wiki/Drawing" title="Drawing">drawing</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">Notable work</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Funeral_(Grosz)" title="The Funeral (Grosz)">The Funeral (Dedicated to Oscar Panizza)</a></i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Movement</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Dada" title="Dada">Dada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Expressionism" title="Expressionism">Expressionism</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Objectivity" title="New Objectivity">New Objectivity</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>George Grosz</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">German:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="de-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German" title="Help:IPA/Standard German">[ɡʁoːs]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/f\/fe\/De-George_Grosz.ogg\/De-George_Grosz.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"De-George Grosz.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fe/De-George_Grosz.ogg/De-George_Grosz.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:De-George_Grosz.ogg" title="File:De-George Grosz.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>; born <b>Georg Ehrenfried Groß</b>; July 26, 1893 – July 6, 1959) was a German artist known especially for his <a href="/wiki/Caricature" title="Caricature">caricatural</a> drawings and paintings of <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a> life in the 1920s. He was a prominent member of the Berlin <a href="/wiki/Dada" title="Dada">Dada</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Objectivity" title="New Objectivity">New Objectivity</a> groups during the <a href="/wiki/Weimar_Republic" title="Weimar Republic">Weimar Republic</a>. He emigrated to the United States in 1933, and became a naturalized citizen in 1938. Abandoning the style and subject matter of his earlier work, he exhibited regularly and taught for many years at the <a href="/wiki/Art_Students_League_of_New_York" title="Art Students League of New York">Art Students League of New York</a>. In 1959 he returned to Berlin, where he died shortly afterwards. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Grosz&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Made_in_Germany_by_George_Grosz_1920.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c4/Made_in_Germany_by_George_Grosz_1920.jpg/200px-Made_in_Germany_by_George_Grosz_1920.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="249" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c4/Made_in_Germany_by_George_Grosz_1920.jpg/300px-Made_in_Germany_by_George_Grosz_1920.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c4/Made_in_Germany_by_George_Grosz_1920.jpg/400px-Made_in_Germany_by_George_Grosz_1920.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1604" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption><i>Made in Germany</i> (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Den macht uns keiner nach</i>), by George Grosz, drawn in pen 1919, photo-lithograph published 1920 in the portfolio <i>God with us</i> (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Gott mit Uns</i>). Sheet 48.3 x 39.1 cm. In the collection of the <a href="/wiki/MoMA" class="mw-redirect" title="MoMA">MoMA</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Grosz was born Georg Ehrenfried Groß in Berlin, Germany, the third child of a pub owner. His parents were devoutly <a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheran</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Grosz grew up in the <a href="/wiki/Farther_Pomerania" title="Farther Pomerania">Pomeranian</a> town of <a href="/wiki/Stolp" class="mw-redirect" title="Stolp">Stolp</a> (now <a href="/wiki/S%C5%82upsk" title="Słupsk">Słupsk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After his father's death in 1900, he moved to the <a href="/wiki/Wedding_(Berlin)" title="Wedding (Berlin)">Wedding</a> district of Berlin with his mother and sisters.<sup id="cite_ref-Kr92_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kr92-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the urging of his cousin, the young Grosz began attending a weekly drawing class taught by a local painter named Grot.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Grosz developed his skills further by drawing meticulous copies of the drinking scenes of <a href="/wiki/Eduard_von_Gr%C3%BCtzner" title="Eduard von Grützner">Eduard von Grützner</a>, and by drawing imaginary battle scenes.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was expelled from school in 1908 for insubordination.<sup id="cite_ref-Sabarsky_250_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sabarsky_250-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 1909 to 1911, he studied at the <a href="/wiki/Dresden_Academy_of_Fine_Arts" title="Dresden Academy of Fine Arts">Dresden Academy of Fine Arts</a>, where his teachers were <a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_M%C3%BCller_(artist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Müller (artist) (page does not exist)">Richard Müller</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Sterl" title="Robert Sterl">Robert Sterl</a>, Raphael Wehle, and <a href="/wiki/Osmar_Schindler" title="Osmar Schindler">Osmar Schindler</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kr92_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kr92-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His first published drawing was in the satirical magazine <i><a href="/wiki/Ulk" title="Ulk">Ulk</a></i> in 1910.<sup id="cite_ref-Sabarsky_250_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sabarsky_250-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 1912 until 1917 he studied at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Berlin_College_of_Arts_and_Crafts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Berlin College of Arts and Crafts (page does not exist)">Berlin College of Arts and Crafts</a> under <a href="/wiki/Emil_Orlik" class="mw-redirect" title="Emil Orlik">Emil Orlik</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kr92_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kr92-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He began painting in oils in 1912.<sup id="cite_ref-Kr92_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kr92-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:George_Grosz,_Daum_marries_her_pedantic_automaton_George_in_May_1920,_John_Heartfield_is_very_glad_of_it,_Berlinische_Galerie.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d0/George_Grosz%2C_Daum_marries_her_pedantic_automaton_George_in_May_1920%2C_John_Heartfield_is_very_glad_of_it%2C_Berlinische_Galerie.jpg/220px-George_Grosz%2C_Daum_marries_her_pedantic_automaton_George_in_May_1920%2C_John_Heartfield_is_very_glad_of_it%2C_Berlinische_Galerie.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="309" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d0/George_Grosz%2C_Daum_marries_her_pedantic_automaton_George_in_May_1920%2C_John_Heartfield_is_very_glad_of_it%2C_Berlinische_Galerie.jpg/330px-George_Grosz%2C_Daum_marries_her_pedantic_automaton_George_in_May_1920%2C_John_Heartfield_is_very_glad_of_it%2C_Berlinische_Galerie.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d0/George_Grosz%2C_Daum_marries_her_pedantic_automaton_George_in_May_1920%2C_John_Heartfield_is_very_glad_of_it%2C_Berlinische_Galerie.jpg/440px-George_Grosz%2C_Daum_marries_her_pedantic_automaton_George_in_May_1920%2C_John_Heartfield_is_very_glad_of_it%2C_Berlinische_Galerie.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2133" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>George Grosz, <i>Daum marries her pedantic automaton George in May 1920, John Heartfield is very glad of it</i>, <a href="/wiki/Berlinische_Galerie" title="Berlinische Galerie">Berlinische Galerie</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In November 1914 Grosz volunteered for military service, in the hope that by thus preempting conscription he would avoid being sent to the front.<sup id="cite_ref-Kr15_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kr15-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was given a discharge after hospitalization for <a href="/wiki/Sinusitis" title="Sinusitis">sinusitis</a> in 1915.<sup id="cite_ref-Kr15_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kr15-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1916 he changed the spelling of his name to "de-Germanise" and internationalise his name – thus Georg became "George" (an English spelling), while in his surname he replaced the German "<a href="/wiki/%C3%9F" title="ß">ß</a>" with its phonetic equivalent "sz".<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He did this as a protest against German nationalism<sup id="cite_ref-Kr92_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kr92-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and out of a romantic enthusiasm for America<sup id="cite_ref-Sabarsky_250_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sabarsky_250-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – a legacy of his early reading of the books of <a href="/wiki/James_Fenimore_Cooper" title="James Fenimore Cooper">James Fenimore Cooper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bret_Harte" title="Bret Harte">Bret Harte</a> and <a href="/wiki/Karl_May" title="Karl May">Karl May</a> – that he retained for the rest of his life.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His artist friend and collaborator Helmut Herzfeld likewise changed his name to <a href="/wiki/John_Heartfield" title="John Heartfield">John Heartfield</a> at the same time. </p><p>In January 1917 Grosz was drafted for service, but in May he was discharged as permanently unfit.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_engagement,_1918_to_1920"><span id="Political_engagement.2C_1918_to_1920"></span>Political engagement, 1918 to 1920</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Grosz&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Political engagement, 1918 to 1920"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Republican_Automatons_George_Grosz_1920.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/38/Republican_Automatons_George_Grosz_1920.jpg/220px-Republican_Automatons_George_Grosz_1920.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="279" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/38/Republican_Automatons_George_Grosz_1920.jpg/330px-Republican_Automatons_George_Grosz_1920.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/38/Republican_Automatons_George_Grosz_1920.jpg/440px-Republican_Automatons_George_Grosz_1920.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1577" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>George Grosz, <i>Republican Automatons</i>, 1920, watercolor on paper, <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Modern_Art" title="Museum of Modern Art">Museum of Modern Art</a>, New York</figcaption></figure> <p>Following the <a href="/wiki/German_Revolution_of_1918%E2%80%931919" class="mw-redirect" title="German Revolution of 1918–1919">November Revolution</a> in the last months of 1918, Grosz joined the <a href="/wiki/Spartacist_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Spartacist League">Spartacist League</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which was renamed the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Germany" title="Communist Party of Germany">Communist Party of Germany</a> (KPD) in December 1918. He was arrested during the <a href="/wiki/Spartakus_uprising" class="mw-redirect" title="Spartakus uprising">Spartakus uprising</a> in January 1919, but escaped using fake identification documents. In 1920 he married Eva Peters.<sup id="cite_ref-Kr92_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kr92-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the same year he published a collection of his drawings, titled <i><a href="/wiki/Gott_mit_uns" title="Gott mit uns">Gott mit uns</a></i> ("God with us"), a satire on German society. Grosz was accused of insulting the <a href="/wiki/Reichswehr" title="Reichswehr">army</a>, which resulted in a 300 <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Mark" title="Deutsche Mark">German Mark</a> fine and the confiscation of the plates used to print the album.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also organised and exhibited at the <a href="/wiki/First_International_Dada_Fair" title="First International Dada Fair">First International Dada Fair</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Trip_to_Russia,_1922/1923"><span id="Trip_to_Russia.2C_1922.2F1923"></span>Trip to Russia, 1922/1923</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Grosz&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Trip to Russia, 1922/1923"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1922 Grosz traveled to Russia with the Danish writer <a href="/wiki/Martin_Andersen_Nex%C3%B8" title="Martin Andersen Nexø">Martin Andersen Nexø</a>. Upon their arrival in <a href="/wiki/Murmansk" title="Murmansk">Murmansk</a> they were briefly arrested as spies; after their credentials were approved, they were allowed to continue their journey. He met with several <a href="/wiki/Bolshevik" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolshevik">Bolshevik</a> leaders such as <a href="/wiki/Grigory_Zinoviev" title="Grigory Zinoviev">Grigory Zinoviev</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karl_Radek" title="Karl Radek">Karl Radek</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Lenin" title="Vladimir Lenin">Vladimir Lenin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He went with <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Holitscher" title="Arthur Holitscher">Arthur Holitscher</a> to meet <a href="/wiki/Anatoly_Lunacharsky" title="Anatoly Lunacharsky">Anatoly Lunacharsky</a> with whom he discussed <a href="/wiki/Proletkult" title="Proletkult">Proletkult</a>. He rejected the concept of "proletarian culture", arguing that the term proletarian meant uneducated and uncultured. He regarded artistic talent as a "gift of the muses", which a person may be lucky enough to be born with.<sup id="cite_ref-Autobiography_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Autobiography-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There he also met the Constructivist artist <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Tatlin" title="Vladimir Tatlin">Vladimir Tatlin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-fuchs_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fuchs-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Grosz's six-month stay in the Soviet Union left him unimpressed by what he had seen.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He ended his membership in the KPD in 1923, although his political positions were little changed.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_activities_in_Germany">Later activities in Germany</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Grosz&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Later activities in Germany"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to Grosz's son <a href="/wiki/Marty_Grosz" title="Marty Grosz">Martin Grosz</a>, during the 1920s Nazi officers visited Grosz's studio looking for him, but because he was wearing a working man's apron Grosz was able to pass himself off as a handyman and avoid being taken into custody.<sup id="cite_ref-SinCities_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SinCities-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His work was also part of the <a href="/wiki/Art_competitions_at_the_1928_Summer_Olympics#Painting" title="Art competitions at the 1928 Summer Olympics">painting event</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Art_competitions_at_the_1928_Summer_Olympics" title="Art competitions at the 1928 Summer Olympics">art competition</a> at the <a href="/wiki/1928_Summer_Olympics" title="1928 Summer Olympics">1928 Summer Olympics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On December 10, 1928 he and his publisher <a href="/wiki/Wieland_Herzfelde" title="Wieland Herzfelde">Wieland Herzfelde</a> were prosecuted and fined under charges of <a href="/wiki/Blasphemy" title="Blasphemy">blasphemy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sacrilege" title="Sacrilege">sacrilege</a> for publishing two <a href="/wiki/Anticlerical" class="mw-redirect" title="Anticlerical">anticlerical</a> drawings in his portfolio Hintergrund (Background).<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One depicted prisoners under assault from a minister who vomits grenades and weapons onto them, and another featured a crucified Christ wearing a World War I gas mask and combat boots. </p><p>According to historian David Nash, Grosz "publicly stated that he was neither Christian nor <a href="/wiki/Pacifist" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacifist">pacifist</a>, but was actively motivated by an inner need to create these pictures". He and his publisher appealed twice, and were finally acquitted in 1929 by the Reichsgericht in Berlin.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "The judge decided that it was not an offense to religion, but actually was an attack on militarism. The implication is that, from Grosz’s point of view, religion was being used as essentially an opiate of the masses to encourage soldiers to die for the state. 'Shut up and obey,' was the rubric associated with this," according to art critic <a href="/wiki/Camille_Paglia" title="Camille Paglia">Camille Paglia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1942 <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i> magazine identified Grosz as a pacifist.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Emigration_to_the_U.S.">Emigration to the U.S.</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Grosz&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Emigration to the U.S."><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bitterly anti-Nazi, Grosz left Germany shortly before Hitler came to power. In June 1932, he accepted an invitation to teach the summer semester at the <a href="/wiki/Art_Students_League_of_New_York" title="Art Students League of New York">Art Students League of New York</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kranzfelder_93_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kranzfelder_93-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In October 1932, Grosz returned to Germany, but on January 12, 1933, he and his family emigrated to the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their ship docked in New York on Jan. 23, 1933, a week before Hitler came to power in Berlin.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Grosz became a <a href="/wiki/Naturalized_citizen" class="mw-redirect" title="Naturalized citizen">naturalized citizen</a> of the U.S. in 1938, and made his home in <a href="/wiki/Bayside,_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Bayside, New York">Bayside, New York</a>. In the 1930s he taught at the <a href="/wiki/Art_Students_League_of_New_York" title="Art Students League of New York">Art Students League</a>, where one of his students was <a href="/wiki/Romare_Bearden" title="Romare Bearden">Romare Bearden</a>, who was influenced by his style of <a href="/wiki/Collage" title="Collage">collage</a>. Grosz taught at the Art Students League until 1955.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His other students included <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Glasco" title="Joseph Glasco">Joseph Glasco</a><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Cenedella" title="Robert Cenedella">Robert Cenedella</a>, whom he mentored from 1957 to 1959.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eclipse_of_the_Sun_(Grosz).webp" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5e/Eclipse_of_the_Sun_%28Grosz%29.webp/200px-Eclipse_of_the_Sun_%28Grosz%29.webp.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5e/Eclipse_of_the_Sun_%28Grosz%29.webp/300px-Eclipse_of_the_Sun_%28Grosz%29.webp.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5e/Eclipse_of_the_Sun_%28Grosz%29.webp/400px-Eclipse_of_the_Sun_%28Grosz%29.webp.png 2x" data-file-width="1772" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Eclipse of the Sun 1926</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grosz-tomb.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Grosz-tomb.JPG/200px-Grosz-tomb.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Grosz-tomb.JPG/300px-Grosz-tomb.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Grosz-tomb.JPG/400px-Grosz-tomb.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1065" /></a><figcaption>Grosz' tomb in the <a href="/wiki/Friedhof_Heerstra%C3%9Fe" title="Friedhof Heerstraße">Friedhof Heerstraße</a>, Berlin</figcaption></figure> <p>In America, Grosz determined to make a clean break with his past, and changed his style and subject matter.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He continued to exhibit regularly, and in 1946 he published his autobiography, <i>Ein kleines Ja und ein großes Nein</i>, first translated as <i><a href="/wiki/A_Little_Yes_and_a_Big_No" title="A Little Yes and a Big No">A Little Yes and a Big No</a></i>. From 1947 to 1959, George Grosz lived in <a href="/wiki/Huntington,_New_York" title="Huntington, New York">Huntington, New York</a>, where he taught painting at the Huntington Township Art League.<sup id="cite_ref-Grosz_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grosz-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is said by Huntington locals that he used what was to become his most famous painting, <a href="/wiki/Eclipse_of_the_Sun_(Grosz)" title="Eclipse of the Sun (Grosz)"><i>Eclipse of the Sun</i></a>, to pay for a car repair bill, in his relative penury. The painting was later acquired by house painter Tom Constantine<sup id="cite_ref-Constantine_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Constantine-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to settle a debt of $104.00. In the 1950s he opened a private art school at his home and also worked as Artist in Residence at the <a href="/wiki/Des_Moines_Art_Center" title="Des Moines Art Center">Des Moines Art Center</a>. Grosz was elected into the <a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Design" title="National Academy of Design">National Academy of Design</a> as an Associate Academician in 1950. In 1954 he was elected to the <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Letters" title="American Academy of Arts and Letters">American Academy of Arts and Letters</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life_and_death">Personal life and death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Grosz&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Personal life and death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On May 26, 1920, Grosz married Eva Louise Peter, with whom he had two sons, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Grosz_(historian)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Grosz (historian) (page does not exist)">Peter Grosz</a> (1926–2006), a historian of early German aviation, and <a href="/wiki/Marty_Grosz" title="Marty Grosz">Marty Grosz</a> (born 1930), a jazz guitarist. </p><p>Grosz resolved to return to Berlin, and relocated there in May 1959.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He died there on July 6, 1959, from the effects of falling down a flight of stairs after a night of drinking.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Work">Work</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Grosz&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Work"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although Grosz made his first oil paintings in 1912 while still a student,<sup id="cite_ref-Kr92_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kr92-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> his earliest oils that can be identified date from 1916.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1914, Grosz worked in a style influenced by <a href="/wiki/Expressionism" title="Expressionism">Expressionism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Futurism" title="Futurism">Futurism</a>, as well as by popular illustration, <a href="/wiki/Graffiti" title="Graffiti">graffiti</a>, and children's drawings.<sup id="cite_ref-Kr15_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kr15-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sharply outlined forms are often treated as if transparent. <i>The City</i> (1916–17) was the first of his many paintings of the modern urban scene.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other examples include the apocalyptic <i>Explosion</i> (1917), <a href="/wiki/Metropolis_(Grosz)" title="Metropolis (Grosz)"><i>Metropolis</i></a> (1917), and <a href="/wiki/The_Funeral_(Grosz)" title="The Funeral (Grosz)"><i>The Funeral</i></a>, a 1918 painting depicting a mad funeral procession. He settled in Berlin in 1918 and was a founder of the Berlin <a href="/wiki/Dada" title="Dada">Dada</a> movement, using his satirical drawings to attack bourgeois supporters of the <a href="/wiki/Weimar_Republic" title="Weimar Republic">Weimar Republic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Gowing_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gowing-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His drawings, usually in pen and ink which he sometimes developed further with watercolor, frequently included images of Berlin and the Weimar Republic in the 1920s. Corpulent businessmen, wounded soldiers, prostitutes, sex crimes and orgies were his great subjects (for example, see <a href="/wiki/Fit_for_Active_Service" title="Fit for Active Service">Fit for Active Service</a>). His draftsmanship was excellent although the works for which he is best known adopt a deliberately crude form of caricature in the style of <i><a href="/wiki/Jugend_(magazine)" title="Jugend (magazine)">Jugend</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Gowing_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gowing-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His <i>oeuvre</i> includes a few absurdist works, such as <i>Remember Uncle August the Unhappy Inventor</i> which has buttons sewn on it,<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and also includes a number of erotic artworks.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After his emigration to the USA in 1933, Grosz "sharply rejected [his] previous work, and caricature in general."<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In place of his earlier corrosive vision of the city, he now painted conventional nudes and many <a href="/wiki/Landscape_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Landscape art">landscape</a> watercolors. More acerbic works, such as <i><a href="/wiki/Cain,_or_Hitler_in_Hell" title="Cain, or Hitler in Hell">Cain, or Hitler in Hell</a></i> (1944), were the exception. In his autobiography, he wrote: "A great deal that had become frozen within me in Germany melted here in America and I rediscovered my old yearning for painting. I carefully and deliberately destroyed a part of my past."<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although a softening of his style had been apparent since the late 1920s, Grosz's work assumed a more sentimental tone in America, a change generally seen as a decline.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His late work never achieved the critical success of his Berlin years.<sup id="cite_ref-nytimes.com_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes.com-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1968, the <a href="/wiki/Heckscher_Museum_of_Art" title="Heckscher Museum of Art">Heckscher Museum of Art</a> in Huntington purchased the painting <i>Eclipse of the Sun</i> for $15,000.00, raising the money by public subscription. As it portrays the warmongering of arms manufacturers, this painting became a destination of protesters of the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a> in Heckscher Park (where the museum is sited) in the late 1960s and early 70s. </p><p>In 2006, the Heckscher proposed selling <i>Eclipse of the Sun</i> at its then-current appraisal of approximately $19,000,000.00 to pay for repairs and renovations to the building. There was such public outcry that the museum decided not to sell, and announced plans to create a dedicated space for display of the painting in the renovated museum.<sup id="cite_ref-Heckscher_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Heckscher-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy_and_estate">Legacy and estate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Grosz&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Legacy and estate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Grosz's art influenced other <a href="/wiki/New_Objectivity" title="New Objectivity">New Objectivity</a> artists such as <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Maria_Davringhausen" title="Heinrich Maria Davringhausen">Heinrich Maria Davringhausen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anton_R%C3%A4derscheidt" title="Anton Räderscheidt">Anton Räderscheidt</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Georg_Scholz" title="Georg Scholz">Georg Scholz</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the United States, the artists influenced by his work included the social realists <a href="/wiki/Ben_Shahn" title="Ben Shahn">Ben Shahn</a> and <a href="/wiki/William_Gropper" title="William Gropper">William Gropper</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1960, Grosz was the subject of the Oscar-nominated short film <i><a href="/wiki/George_Grosz%27_Interregnum" title="George Grosz' Interregnum">George Grosz' Interregnum</a></i>. He is fictionalized as "Fritz Falke" in <a href="/wiki/Arthur_R.G._Solmssen" title="Arthur R.G. Solmssen">Arthur R.G. Solmssen</a>'s novel <i><a href="/wiki/A_Princess_in_Berlin" title="A Princess in Berlin">A Princess in Berlin</a></i> (1980). In 2002, actor <a href="/wiki/Kevin_McKidd" title="Kevin McKidd">Kevin McKidd</a> portrayed Grosz in a supporting role as an eager artist seeking exposure in <a href="/wiki/Max_(2002_film)" title="Max (2002 film)"><i>Max</i></a>, regarding <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a>'s youth. </p><p>The Grosz estate filed a lawsuit in 1995 against the Manhattan art dealer <a href="/wiki/Serge_Sabarsky" title="Serge Sabarsky">Serge Sabarsky</a>, arguing that Sabarsky had deprived the estate of appropriate compensation for the sale of hundreds of Grosz works he had acquired. In the suit, filed in <a href="/wiki/New_York_Supreme_Court" title="New York Supreme Court">New York Supreme Court</a> in Manhattan, the Grosz estate claims that Sabarsky secretly acquired 440 Grosz works for himself, primarily drawings and watercolors produced in Germany in the 1910s and 20s.<sup id="cite_ref-nytimes.com_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes.com-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The lawsuit was settled in summer in 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2003 the Grosz family initiated a legal battle against the <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Modern_Art" title="Museum of Modern Art">Museum of Modern Art</a> in New York City, asking that three paintings be returned. According to documents, the paintings were sold to the Nazis after Grosz fled the country in 1933. The museum never settled the claim, arguing that a three-year <a href="/wiki/Statute_of_limitations" title="Statute of limitations">statute of limitations</a> in bringing such a claim had expired. It is well documented that the Nazis stole thousands of paintings during World War II and many heirs of German painters continue to fight museums in order to reclaim such works.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2015, Ralph Jentsch – the managing director of the Grosz estate since 1994 – co-founded a Berlin-based nonprofit organization dedicated to the artist. In 2022, the Little Grosz Museum (<i>Kleines Grosz Museum</i>) opened in Berlin's <a href="/wiki/Sch%C3%B6neberg" title="Schöneberg">Schöneberg</a> district. Housed in a midcentury former gas station that was converted to a living space in 2008, the museum is funded by private donors<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and also houses a café and shop.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Quotes">Quotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Grosz&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Quotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>"My Drawings expressed my despair, hate and disillusionment, I drew drunkards; puking men; men with clenched fists cursing at the moon. ... I drew a man, face filled with fright, washing blood from his hands ... I drew lonely little men fleeing madly through empty streets. I drew a cross-section of tenement house: through one window could be seen a man attacking his wife; through another, two people making love; from a third hung a suicide with body covered by swarming flies. I drew soldiers without noses; war cripples with crustacean-like steel arms; two medical soldiers putting a violent infantryman into a strait-jacket made of a horse blanket ... I drew a skeleton dressed as a recruit being examined for military duty. I also wrote poetry." — George Grosz <sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Grosz&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Jedermann_sein_eigner_Fussball" title="Jedermann sein eigner Fussball">Jedermann sein eigner Fussball</a></i>, an artists' book by George Grosz and John Heartfield</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assoziation_revolution%C3%A4rer_bildender_K%C3%BCnstler" class="mw-redirect" title="Assoziation revolutionärer bildender Künstler">Assoziation revolutionärer bildender Künstler</a>, an association of German artists</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_German_painters" title="List of German painters">List of German painters</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Grosz&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Bergius, Hanne. <i>Das Lachen Dadas. Die Berliner Dadaisten und ihre Aktionen</i>. Gießen: Anabas-Verlag, 1989. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-8703-8141-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-8703-8141-7">978-3-8703-8141-7</a></li> <li>Bergius, H. <i>Montage und Metamechanik. Dada Berlin – Ästhetik von Polaritäten</i> (mit Rekonstruktion der Ersten Internationalen Dada-Messe und Dada-Chronologie) Berlin: Gebr. Mann Verlag 2000. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-786115-25-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-786115-25-0">978-3-786115-25-0</a></li> <li>Bergius, H. <i>Dada Triumphs! Dada Berlin, 1917–1923. Artistry of Polarities. Montages – Metamechanics – Manifestations</i>. Translated by Brigitte Pichon. Vol. V. of the ten editions of Crisis and the Arts. The History of Dada, ed. by Stephen Foster, New Haven, Conn. u. a., Thomson/ Gale 2003. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-816173-55-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-816173-55-6">978-0-816173-55-6</a></li> <li>Grosz, George (1946). <i>A Little Yes and a Big No</i>. New York: The Dial Press.</li> <li>Kranzfelder, Ivo (2005). <i>George Grosz</i>. Cologne: <a href="/wiki/Taschen" title="Taschen">Taschen</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-8228-0891-1" title="Special:BookSources/3-8228-0891-1">3-8228-0891-1</a></li> <li>Michalski, Sergiusz (1994). <i>New Objectivity</i>. Cologne: Taschen. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-8228-9650-0" title="Special:BookSources/3-8228-9650-0">3-8228-9650-0</a></li> <li>Sabarsky, Serge, editor (1985). <i>George Grosz: The Berlin Years</i>. New York: Rizzoli. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8478-0668-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-8478-0668-5">0-8478-0668-5</a></li> <li>Schmied, Wieland (1978). <i>Neue Sachlichkeit and German Realism of the Twenties</i>. London: Arts Council of Great Britain. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7287-0184-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-7287-0184-7">0-7287-0184-7</a></li> <li>Vogel, Carol (7 October 2006) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/07/obituaries/07gros.html">"Peter M. Grosz, 80, Authority on Early German Aircraft, Dies" (obituary, Grosz's son)</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i></li> <li>Walker, B., Zieve, K., & Brooklyn Museum. (1988). <i>Prints of the German expressionists and their circle: Collection of the Brooklyn Museum</i>. New York: Brooklyn Museum. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0872731154" title="Special:BookSources/0872731154">0872731154</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Grosz&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEvjue1960" class="citation book cs1">Evjue, William Theodore (1960). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BeYPAAAAIAAJ&q=Prussians"><i>The Progressive</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 24,</span> 2011</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Progressive&rft.date=1960&rft.aulast=Evjue&rft.aufirst=William+Theodore&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBeYPAAAAIAAJ%26q%3DPrussians&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Grosz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.munzinger.de/search/portrait/George+Grosz/0/1634.html">"munzinger.de"</a>. munzinger.de<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 24,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=munzinger.de&rft.pub=munzinger.de&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.munzinger.de%2Fsearch%2Fportrait%2FGeorge%2BGrosz%2F0%2F1634.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Grosz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kr92-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kr92_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kr92_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kr92_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kr92_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kr92_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kr92_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kr92_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Kranzfelder 2005, p. 92.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Grosz 1946, p. 22.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Grosz 1946, pp. 24, 26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sabarsky_250-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sabarsky_250_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sabarsky_250_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sabarsky_250_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sabarsky 1985, p.250.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kr15-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kr15_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kr15_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kr15_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Kranzfelder 2005, p. 15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The letter "ß" is called in German a "scharfes S" or "Eszett", the latter meaning simply "SZ". It was common usage at that time when typing to transcribe the ß as "sz", so his choice of transcription was essentially a neutral phonetic rendering.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Schmied 1978, p.29.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sabarsky 1985, p. 26. According to Sabarsky, no records can be found to substantiate the version of events described by Grosz in his autobiography, i.e., that he was accused of desertion and narrowly avoided execution.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kranzfelder 2005, p. 28.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kranzfelder 2005, pp. 36–37.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kranzfelder 2005, pp. 54–55.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Autobiography-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Autobiography_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrosz1998" class="citation book cs1">Grosz, George (1998). <i>George Grosz: An Autobiography</i>. Berkeley: University of California Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=George+Grosz%3A+An+Autobiography&rft.place=Berkeley&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=Grosz&rft.aufirst=George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Grosz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fuchs-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-fuchs_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSybille_Fuchs,_Stefan_Steinberg2023" class="citation web cs1">Sybille Fuchs, Stefan Steinberg (February 17, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2023/02/18/vjie-f18.html">"An exhibition in Berlin: German artist George Grosz in the Soviet Union in 1922"</a>. <i>World Socialist Web Site</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 24,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Socialist+Web+Site&rft.atitle=An+exhibition+in+Berlin%3A+German+artist+George+Grosz+in+the+Soviet+Union+in+1922&rft.date=2023-02-17&rft.au=Sybille+Fuchs%2C+Stefan+Steinberg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsws.org%2Fen%2Farticles%2F2023%2F02%2F18%2Fvjie-f18.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Grosz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sabarsky 1985, pp. 33, 251.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kranzfelder 2005, p. 58.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SinCities-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SinCities_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRemerowskiCanell" class="citation web cs1">Remerowski, Ted; Canell, Marrin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190418114605/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b-QlCXThsgE">"Cultural Alchemy Special Berlin Sin City of the 1920's (Pre WW2)"</a>. <i>Youtube</i>. CBC (Canada). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b-QlCXThsgE?t=1943">the original</a> on April 18, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 29,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Youtube&rft.atitle=Cultural+Alchemy+Special+Berlin+Sin+City+of+the+1920%27s+%28Pre+WW2%29&rft.aulast=Remerowski&rft.aufirst=Ted&rft.au=Canell%2C+Marrin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3Db-QlCXThsgE%3Ft%3D1943&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Grosz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/920627">"George Grosz"</a>. <i>Olympedia</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 27,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Olympedia&rft.atitle=George+Grosz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.olympedia.org%2Fathletes%2F920627&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Grosz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Grosz on Way Here to Instruct in Art," New York Times, May 27, 1932, p. 26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nash, David S. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BPYkhnY-3_cC&pg=PP112&dq="><i>Blasphemy in the Christian World: A History</i></a>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 112. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199570751" title="Special:BookSources/9780199570751">9780199570751</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">C. Paul Vincent, "A historical dictionary of Germany's Weimar Republic, 1918-1933," Greenwood Press, 1997.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Camille Paglia, "Taking Offense: When Art and the Sacred Collide," (lecture), Fordham University, April 25, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,802493,00.html">"Art: GEORGE GROSZ"</a>. <i>Time</i>. September 14, 1942<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 26,</span> 2019</span> – via content.time.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Art%3A+GEORGE+GROSZ&rft.date=1942-09-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcontent.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C802493%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Grosz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kranzfelder_93-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kranzfelder_93_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kranzfelder 2005, p. 93.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kranzfelder 2005, p. 78.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rick Atkinson, "George Grosz and the Shame of the Fathers," The Washington Post, February 5, 1995, p. G04.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Zeller, Ursula.  "Grosz, George". Grove Art Online.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaeburn2015" class="citation book cs1">Raeburn, Michael (2015). <i>Joseph Glasco: The Fifteenth American</i>. London: Cacklegoose Press. pp. 55, 61. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781611688542" title="Special:BookSources/9781611688542"><bdi>9781611688542</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Joseph+Glasco%3A+The+Fifteenth+American&rft.place=London&rft.pages=55%2C+61&rft.pub=Cacklegoose+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9781611688542&rft.aulast=Raeburn&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Grosz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mU5KYJ516b8&t=1748s"><i>Art Bastard</i> (2016) 29:08–30:27</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Grosz 1946, pp. 301–302.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Grosz-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Grosz_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.heckscher.org/collection_george_grosz">"George Grosz at The Heckscher Museum of Art"</a>. October 10, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=George+Grosz+at+The+Heckscher+Museum+of+Art&rft.date=2019-10-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.heckscher.org%2Fcollection_george_grosz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Grosz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Constantine-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Constantine_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sathyu-sathyu.blogspot.com/2011/04/thomas-constantine-second-acquirer-of.html">"Thomas Constantine : The Second Acquirer Of George Grosz's "Eclipse Of The Sun"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. April 20, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Thomas+Constantine+%3A+The+Second+Acquirer+Of+George+Grosz%27s+%22Eclipse+Of+The+Sun%22&rft.date=2011-04-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsathyu-sathyu.blogspot.com%2F2011%2F04%2Fthomas-constantine-second-acquirer-of.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Grosz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kranzfelder 2005, p. 90.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kranzfelder 2005, pp. 90–91.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kranzfelder 2005, p. 21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kranzfelder 2005, p. 22.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gowing-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gowing_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gowing_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Gowing" title="Lawrence Gowing">Gowing, Lawrence</a>, ed., Biographical Encyclopedia of Artists, v.2 (Facts on File, 2005): 287.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080410222336/http://www.centrepompidou.fr/images/oeuvres/XL/3I01508.jpg">"Remember Uncle August the Unhappy Inventor"</a>. centrepompidou.fr. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.centrepompidou.fr/images/oeuvres/XL/3I01508.jpg">the original</a> on April 10, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 1,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Remember+Uncle+August+the+Unhappy+Inventor&rft.pub=centrepompidou.fr&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.centrepompidou.fr%2Fimages%2Foeuvres%2FXL%2F3I01508.jpg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Grosz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080120150319/http://www.ameanet.org/memberz/grosz/">"George Grosz erotic artwork"</a>. AMEA/World Museum of Erotic Art. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ameanet.org/memberz/grosz/">the original</a> on January 20, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 2,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=George+Grosz+erotic+artwork&rft.pub=AMEA%2FWorld+Museum+of+Erotic+Art&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ameanet.org%2Fmemberz%2Fgrosz%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Grosz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Grosz 1946, p. 276.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Grosz 1946, p. 270.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Michalsky 1994, pp. 35–36.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nytimes.com-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nytimes.com_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nytimes.com_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Joyce Wadler (August 27, 2001), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2001/08/27/arts/heirs-george-grosz-battle-his-dealer-s-ghost-protracted-lawsuit-outlives-its.html">The Heirs of George Grosz Battle His Dealer's Ghost; A Protracted Lawsuit Outlives Its Target, But Not Its Anger</a> <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Heckscher-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Heckscher_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGenocchio2006" class="citation news cs1">Genocchio, Benjamin (February 19, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9A06E2DB133EF93AA25751C0A9609C8B63">"George Grosz, <i>Eclipse of the Sun,</i> Heckscher Museum of Art"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=George+Grosz%2C+Eclipse+of+the+Sun%2C+Heckscher+Museum+of+Art&rft.date=2006-02-19&rft.aulast=Genocchio&rft.aufirst=Benjamin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Ffullpage.html%3Fres%3D9A06E2DB133EF93AA25751C0A9609C8B63&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Grosz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Michalsky 1994, pp. 33, 100.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Walker et al. 1988, p. 21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Robin Pogrebin (November 15, 2006), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2006/11/15/arts/design/15gros.html">Met Won’t Show a Grosz at Center of a Dispute</a> <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Singal, Jesse (December 21, 2013), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2013/12/21/nazi-art-usa-museums/3650229/">"Critics say U.S. museums holding onto Nazi looted art"</a>, <i>USA Today</i>. Retrieved March 27, 2018.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kimberly Bradley (20 May 2022), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/20/arts/design/george-grosz-museum-berlin.html">George Grosz, Sharp-Eyed Berlin Observer, Comes Home</a> <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Catherine Hickley (2 February 2022), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theartnewspaper.com/2022/02/02/museum-devoted-to-george-grosz-to-open-in-a-former-berlin-petrol-station">Museum devoted to George Grosz to open in a former Berlin petrol station</a> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Art_Newspaper" title="The Art Newspaper">The Art Newspaper</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Friedrich, Otto (1986). Before the Deluge. USA: Fromm International Publishing Corporation. pp. 37. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-88064-054-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-88064-054-5">0-88064-054-5</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Grosz&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output 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plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/George_Grosz" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/George Grosz">George Grosz</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:George_Grosz" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:George Grosz">George Grosz</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/n50032968">George Grosz</a> at <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a>, with 114 library catalogue records</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abcgallery.com/G/grosz/grosz.html">A collection of Grosz's paintings</a> ABC Gallery</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tendreams.org/grosz.htm">Ten Dreams Galleries</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120113045536/http://www.tate.org.uk/tateetc/issue9/younourishwithhate.htm">Mario Vargas Llosa on George Grosz in <i>TATE ETC.</i> magazine Spring 2007</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.daskleinegroszmuseum.berlin/">Das Kleine Grosz Museum, Berlin</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://purl.org/pressemappe20/folder/pe/006599">Newspaper clippings about George Grosz</a> in the <a href="/wiki/20th_Century_Press_Archives" title="20th Century Press Archives">20th Century Press Archives</a> of the <a href="/wiki/German_National_Library_of_Economics" title="German National Library of Economics">ZBW</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">George Grosz</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Paintings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Love_Sick" title="The Love Sick">The Love Sick</a></i> (1916)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Metropolis_(Grosz)" title="Metropolis (Grosz)">Metropolis</a></i> (1916–1917)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Funeral_(Grosz)" title="The Funeral (Grosz)">The Funeral</a></i> (1917–1918)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Daum_Marries_Her_Pedantic_Automaton_%22George%22_in_May_1920" title="Daum Marries Her Pedantic Automaton "George" in May 1920">Daum Marries Her Pedantic Automaton "George" in May 1920. John Heartfield is very glad of it.</a></i> (1920)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eclipse_of_the_Sun_(Grosz)" title="Eclipse of the Sun (Grosz)">Eclipse of the Sun</a></i> (1926)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Poet_Max_Herrmann-Neisse" title="The Poet Max Herrmann-Neisse">The Poet Max Herrmann-Neisse</a></i> (1927)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Wanderer_(painting)" title="The Wanderer (painting)">The Wanderer</a></i> (1943)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cain,_or_Hitler_in_Hell" title="Cain, or Hitler in Hell">Cain, or Hitler in Hell</a></i> (1944)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Peace_II" title="Peace II">Peace II</a></i> (1946)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Magazines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Jedermann_sein_eigner_Fussball" title="Jedermann sein eigner Fussball">Jedermann sein eigner Fussball</a></i> (1919)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Little_Yes_and_a_Big_No" title="A Little Yes and a Big No">A Little Yes and a Big No</a></i> (1946 autobiography)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/George_Grosz%27_Interregnum" title="George Grosz' Interregnum">George Grosz' Interregnum</a></i> (1960 documentary film)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marty_Grosz" title="Marty Grosz">Marty Grosz</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dada" title="Dada">Dada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Objectivity" title="New Objectivity">New Objectivity</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div 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class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Degenerate_art" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Degenerate art"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Degenerate_art" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Degenerate_art" title="Degenerate art">Degenerate art</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Degenerate_Art_Exhibition" class="mw-redirect" title="Degenerate Art Exhibition">Degenerate Art Exhibition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Degenerate_Art_auction" title="Degenerate Art auction">Degenerate Art auction</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jussuf_Abbo" title="Jussuf Abbo">Jussuf Abbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jankel_Adler" title="Jankel Adler">Jankel Adler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Barlach" title="Ernst Barlach">Ernst Barlach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Beckmann" title="Max Beckmann">Max Beckmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc_Chagall" title="Marc Chagall">Marc Chagall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lovis_Corinth" title="Lovis Corinth">Lovis Corinth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Dix" title="Otto Dix">Otto Dix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Ernst" title="Max Ernst">Max Ernst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_Felixm%C3%BCller" title="Conrad Felixmüller">Conrad Felixmüller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Freundlich" title="Otto Freundlich">Otto Freundlich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Gleizes" title="Albert Gleizes">Albert Gleizes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Godenschweg" title="Ludwig Godenschweg">Ludwig Godenschweg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Griebel" title="Otto Griebel">Otto Griebel</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">George Grosz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erich_Heckel" title="Erich Heckel">Erich Heckel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Hofer" title="Karl Hofer">Karl Hofer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexej_von_Jawlensky" title="Alexej von Jawlensky">Alexej von Jawlensky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wassily_Kandinsky" title="Wassily Kandinsky">Wassily Kandinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Ludwig_Kirchner" title="Ernst Ludwig Kirchner">Ernst Ludwig Kirchner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Klee" title="Paul Klee">Paul Klee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oskar_Kokoschka" title="Oskar Kokoschka">Oskar Kokoschka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%A4the_Kollwitz" title="Käthe Kollwitz">Käthe Kollwitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Kubin" title="Alfred Kubin">Alfred Kubin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Lachnit" title="Wilhelm Lachnit">Wilhelm Lachnit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Lehmbruck" title="Wilhelm Lehmbruck">Wilhelm Lehmbruck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Liebermann" title="Max Liebermann">Max Liebermann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elfriede_Lohse-W%C3%A4chtler" title="Elfriede Lohse-Wächtler">Elfriede Lohse-Wächtler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_Macke" title="August Macke">August Macke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Marc" title="Franz Marc">Franz Marc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Meidner" title="Ludwig Meidner">Ludwig Meidner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Metzinger" title="Jean Metzinger">Jean Metzinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Morgner" title="Wilhelm Morgner">Wilhelm Morgner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Mueller" title="Otto Mueller">Otto Mueller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emil_Nolde" title="Emil Nolde">Emil Nolde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Pechstein" title="Max Pechstein">Max Pechstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pablo_Picasso" title="Pablo Picasso">Pablo Picasso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Rohlfs" title="Christian Rohlfs">Christian Rohlfs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egon_Schiele" title="Egon Schiele">Egon Schiele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oskar_Schlemmer" title="Oskar Schlemmer">Oskar Schlemmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Schlichter" title="Rudolf Schlichter">Rudolf Schlichter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Schmidt-Rottluff" title="Karl Schmidt-Rottluff">Karl Schmidt-Rottluff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lothar_Schreyer" title="Lothar Schreyer">Lothar Schreyer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Nazi_Germany" title="Censorship in Nazi Germany">Censorship in Nazi Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_policy_of_Nazi_Germany" title="Racial policy of Nazi Germany">Racial policy of Nazi Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurlitt_Collection" title="Gurlitt Collection">Gurlitt Collection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hildebrand_Gurlitt" title="Hildebrand Gurlitt">Hildebrand Gurlitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornelius_Gurlitt_(art_collector)" title="Cornelius Gurlitt (art collector)">Cornelius Gurlitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Fine_Arts_Bern" title="Museum of Fine Arts Bern">Museum of Fine Arts Bern</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Dada" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Dada" title="Template:Dada"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Dada" title="Template talk:Dada"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Dada" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Dada"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Dada" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Dada" title="Dada">Dada</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/New_York_Dada" title="New York Dada">New York Dada</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Duchamp" title="Marcel Duchamp">Marcel Duchamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Picabia" title="Francis Picabia">Francis Picabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man_Ray" title="Man Ray">Man Ray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beatrice_Wood" title="Beatrice Wood">Beatrice Wood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Var%C3%A8se" title="Louise Varèse">Louise Norton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elsa_von_Freytag-Loringhoven" title="Elsa von Freytag-Loringhoven">Elsa von Freytag-Loringhoven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juliette_Roche" title="Juliette Roche">Juliette Roche Gleizes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Crotti" title="Jean Crotti">Jean Crotti</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Theo_van_Doesburg_Dadamatin%C3%A9e.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Theo_van_Doesburg_Dadamatin%C3%A9e.jpg/100px-Theo_van_Doesburg_Dadamatin%C3%A9e.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Theo_van_Doesburg_Dadamatin%C3%A9e.jpg/150px-Theo_van_Doesburg_Dadamatin%C3%A9e.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Theo_van_Doesburg_Dadamatin%C3%A9e.jpg/200px-Theo_van_Doesburg_Dadamatin%C3%A9e.jpg 2x" data-file-width="727" data-file-height="525" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">European Dada</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dragan_Aleksi%C4%87" title="Dragan Aleksić">Dragan Aleksić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Aragon" title="Louis Aragon">Louis Aragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Arp" title="Jean Arp">Jean Arp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Baader" title="Johannes Baader">Johannes Baader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Bailly" title="Alice Bailly">Alice Bailly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Ball" title="Hugo Ball">Hugo Ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Breton" title="André Breton">André Breton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabri%C3%A8le_Buffet-Picabia" title="Gabrièle Buffet-Picabia">Gabrièle Buffet-Picabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serge_Charchoune" title="Serge Charchoune">Serge Charchoune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Cravan" title="Arthur Cravan">Arthur Cravan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Crotti" title="Jean Crotti">Jean Crotti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Dix" title="Otto Dix">Otto Dix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theo_van_Doesburg" title="Theo van Doesburg">Theo van Doesburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Duchamp" title="Marcel Duchamp">Marcel Duchamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzanne_Duchamp" title="Suzanne Duchamp">Suzanne Duchamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_%C3%89luard" title="Paul Éluard">Paul Éluard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Ernst" title="Max Ernst">Max Ernst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Evola" title="Julius Evola">Julius Evola</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">George Grosz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raoul_Hausmann" title="Raoul Hausmann">Raoul Hausmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Heartfield" title="John Heartfield">John Heartfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmy_Hennings" title="Emmy Hennings">Emmy Hennings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannah_H%C3%B6ch" title="Hannah Höch">Hannah Höch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Huelsenbeck" title="Richard Huelsenbeck">Richard Huelsenbeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilya_Zdanevich" class="mw-redirect" title="Ilya Zdanevich">Iliazd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Janco" title="Marcel Janco">Marcel Janco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elsa_von_Freytag-Loringhoven" title="Elsa von Freytag-Loringhoven">Elsa von Freytag-Loringhoven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cl%C3%A9ment_Pansaers" title="Clément Pansaers">Clément Pansaers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Picabia" title="Francis Picabia">Francis Picabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man_Ray" title="Man Ray">Man Ray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Ribemont-Dessaignes" title="Georges Ribemont-Dessaignes">Georges Ribemont-Dessaignes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Rigaut" title="Jacques Rigaut">Jacques Rigaut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri-Pierre_Roch%C3%A9" title="Henri-Pierre Roché">Henri-Pierre Roché</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Schwitters" title="Kurt Schwitters">Kurt Schwitters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Serner" title="Walter Serner">Walter Serner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Soupault" title="Philippe Soupault">Philippe Soupault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophie_Taeuber-Arp" title="Sophie Taeuber-Arp">Sophie Taeuber-Arp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julien_Torma" title="Julien Torma">Julien Torma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tristan_Tzara" title="Tristan Tzara">Tristan Tzara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Vach%C3%A9" title="Jacques Vaché">Jacques Vaché</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_Wheel" title="Bicycle Wheel">Bicycle Wheel</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bottle_Rack" title="Bottle Rack">Bottle Rack</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fountain_(Duchamp)" title="Fountain (Duchamp)">Fountain</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dada-Review" title="Dada-Review">Dada-Review</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Prelude_to_a_Broken_Arm" class="mw-redirect" title="Prelude to a Broken Arm">Prelude to a Broken Arm</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Why_Not_Sneeze,_Rose_S%C3%A9lavy%3F" title="Why Not Sneeze, Rose Sélavy?">Why Not Sneeze, Rose Sélavy?</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/L.H.O.O.Q." title="L.H.O.O.Q.">L.H.O.O.Q.</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tulip_Hysteria_Co-ordinating" title="Tulip Hysteria Co-ordinating">Tulip Hysteria Co-ordinating</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rrose_S%C3%A9lavy" class="mw-redirect" title="Rrose Sélavy">Rrose Sélavy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Readymades_of_Marcel_Duchamp" title="Readymades of Marcel Duchamp">Readymades of Marcel Duchamp</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Gas_Heart" title="The Gas Heart">The Gas Heart</a></i> (1921 play)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Handkerchief_of_Clouds" title="Handkerchief of Clouds">Handkerchief of Clouds</a></i> (1924 play)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Publications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dada_Manifesto" title="Dada Manifesto">Dada Manifesto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/291_(magazine)" title="291 (magazine)"><i>291</i> (magazine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/391_(magazine)" title="391 (magazine)"><i>391</i> (magazine)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Blind_Man" title="The Blind Man">The Blind Man</a></i> (magazine)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dadaglobe" title="Dadaglobe">Dadaglobe</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Influences</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Jarry" title="Alfred Jarry">Alfred Jarry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incoherents" title="Incoherents">Incoherents</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Bataille" class="extiw" title="fr:Eugène Bataille">Eugène Bataille</a> (aka Sapeck)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parade_(ballet)" title="Parade (ballet)"><i>Parade</i> (ballet)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Influenced</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conceptual_art" title="Conceptual art">Conceptual art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surrealism" title="Surrealism">Surrealism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nouveau_r%C3%A9alisme" title="Nouveau réalisme">Nouveau réalisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop_art" title="Pop art">Pop art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluxus" title="Fluxus">Fluxus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monochrome_painting" title="Monochrome painting">Monochrome painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downtown_music" title="Downtown music">Downtown music</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Stieglitz" title="Alfred Stieglitz">Alfred Stieglitz</a> (photographer, art promoter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Conrad_Arensberg" title="Walter Conrad Arensberg">Walter Conrad Arensberg</a> (art collector)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/291_(art_gallery)" title="291 (art gallery)">291 (art gallery)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galeries_Dalmau" title="Galeries Dalmau">Galeries Dalmau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Found_object" title="Found object">Found object</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-art" title="Anti-art">Anti-art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_the_arts" title="Anarchism and the arts">Anarchism and the arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-anti-art" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-anti-art">Anti-anti-art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-poetry" title="Anti-poetry">Anti-poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appropriation_(art)" title="Appropriation (art)">Appropriation (art)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_intervention" title="Art intervention">Art intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabaret_Voltaire_(Z%C3%BCrich)" title="Cabaret Voltaire (Zürich)">Cabaret Voltaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noise_music" title="Noise music">Noise music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89pater_la_bourgeoisie" title="Épater la bourgeoisie">Épater la bourgeoisie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shock_art" title="Shock art">Shock art</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Beatrice_Wood:_Mama_of_Dada" title="Beatrice Wood: Mama of Dada">Beatrice Wood: Mama of Dada</a></i> (1993 documentary)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Man_and_Boy:_Dada" title="Man and Boy: Dada">Man and Boy: Dada</a></i> (2006 opera)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107194#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107194#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107194#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="George Grosz"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121208167">ISNI</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Ehrenfried, Georg"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000368637764">2</a></span></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/12309408">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/11090/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJc3KHKTVPD3DBp3RKth73">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118542672">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50032968">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119060291">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119060291">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00620768">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35153985">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn20000602607&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX890351">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/1558128">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p068387253">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90153139">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000163206&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000126202&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=74355">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/rp355809591bfgn">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810682198405606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/151876">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007262027605171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058516751806706">Catalonia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14047907">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA0055572X?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500014558">ULAN</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/8b43ed3d-6ece-4a96-bf88-d1571f5fd1fb">MusicBrainz</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/34262">RKD Artists</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ngv.vic.gov.au/explore/collection/artist/4064/">Victoria</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.moma.org/artists/2374">Museum of Modern Art</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pic.nypl.org/constituents/14964">Photographers' Identities</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aucklandartgallery.com/explore-art-and-ideas/artist/1336/">Auckland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.adk.de/de/akademie/mitglieder/?we_objectID=51940">ADK</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gallery.ca/collection/artist/george-grosz">National Gallery of Canada</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.agsa.sa.gov.au/collection-publications/collection/creators/_/3268/">South Australia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/844381">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118542672.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118542672">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/026904640">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w69w0gpb">SNAC</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://collections.tepapa.govt.nz/agent/43212">Te Papa (New Zealand)</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=George_Grosz&oldid=1257137200">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=George_Grosz&oldid=1257137200</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a 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