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vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Histology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Histology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Histology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Variation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Variation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Variation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Variation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gene_and_protein_expression" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gene_and_protein_expression"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Gene and protein expression</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gene_and_protein_expression-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Function" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Function"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Function</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Function-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Clinical_significance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clinical_significance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Clinical significance</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Clinical_significance-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Clinical significance subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Clinical_significance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ulceration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ulceration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Ulceration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ulceration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Celiac_disease" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Celiac_disease"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Celiac disease</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Celiac_disease-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cancer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cancer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Cancer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cancer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Inflammation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inflammation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Inflammation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Inflammation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Etymology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Etymology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Additional_images" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Additional_images"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Additional images</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Additional_images-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Duodenum</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 72 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-72" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">72 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AB%D9%86%D8%A7_%D8%B9%D8%B4%D8%B1" title="اثنا عشر – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اثنا عشر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onikibarmaq_ba%C4%9F%C4%B1rsaq" title="Onikibarmaq bağırsaq – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Onikibarmaq bağırsaq" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%A3%E0%A7%80_(%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0)" title="গ্রহণী (ক্ষুদ্রান্ত্র) – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="গ্রহণী (ক্ষুদ্রান্ত্র)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Дванаццаціперсная кішка – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Дванаццаціперсная кішка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%8A%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Дванадесетопръстник – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Дванадесетопръстник" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dvanaestopala%C4%8Dno_crijevo" title="Dvanaestopalačno crijevo – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Dvanaestopalačno crijevo" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duod%C3%A8" title="Duodè – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Duodè" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%C4%95%D0%BD_%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BB%C4%83_%D0%BF%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B8" title="Этемĕн вуник пумаклă пырши – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Этемĕн вуник пумаклă пырши" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dvan%C3%A1ctn%C3%ADk" title="Dvanáctník – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Dvanáctník" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwodenwm" title="Dwodenwm – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Dwodenwm" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tolvfingertarm" title="Tolvfingertarm – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tolvfingertarm" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B4" title="بوطناش – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="بوطناش" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zw%C3%B6lffingerdarm" title="Zwölffingerdarm – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Zwölffingerdarm" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%91%DE%AA%DE%87%DE%A6%DE%91%DE%A9%DE%82%DE%A6%DE%89%DE%B0" title="ޑުއަޑީނަމް – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ޑުއަޑީނަމް" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaksteists%C3%B5rmiksool" title="Kaksteistsõrmiksool – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kaksteistsõrmiksool" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CF%89%CE%B4%CE%B5%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B4%CE%AC%CE%BA%CF%84%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BF" title="Δωδεκαδάκτυλο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Δωδεκαδάκτυλο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duodeno" title="Duodeno – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Duodeno" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duodeno" title="Duodeno – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Duodeno" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duodeno" title="Duodeno – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Duodeno" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%AF%D9%87%D9%87" title="دوازدهه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دوازدهه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duod%C3%A9num" title="Duodénum – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Duodénum" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BAid%C3%A9ineam" title="Dúidéineam – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Dúidéineam" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duodeno" title="Duodeno – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Duodeno" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8B%AD%EC%9D%B4%EC%A7%80%EC%9E%A5" title="십이지장 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="십이지장" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A4%D5%B8%D6%82_%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%B6%D5%B5%D5%A1_%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%AB%D6%84" title="Մարդու տասներկումատնյա աղիք – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մարդու տասներկումատնյա աղիք" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80" title="ग्रहणी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ग्रहणी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dvanaesnik" title="Dvanaesnik – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Dvanaesnik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duodenumo" title="Duodenumo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Duodenumo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usus_dua_belas_jari" title="Usus dua belas jari – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Usus dua belas jari" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skeifug%C3%B6rn" title="Skeifugörn – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Skeifugörn" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duodeno" title="Duodeno – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Duodeno" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9F" title="תריסריון – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תריסריון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usus_rolas_driji" title="Usus rolas driji – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Usus rolas driji" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duodenum" title="Duodenum – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Duodenum" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%88%DB%8C%D9%88%DA%88%D9%90%D9%86%D9%8E%D9%85" title="ڈیوڈِنَم – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="ڈیوڈِنَم" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dozdehgir%C3%AAk" title="Dozdehgirêk – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Dozdehgirêk" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BD_%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Он эки эли ичеги – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Он эки эли ичеги" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duodenum" title="Duodenum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Duodenum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divpadsmitpirkstu_zarna" title="Divpadsmitpirkstu zarna – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Divpadsmitpirkstu zarna" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zwieleffangerdaarm" title="Zwieleffangerdaarm – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Zwieleffangerdaarm" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dvylikapir%C5%A1t%C4%97_%C5%BEarna" title="Dvylikapirštė žarna – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Dvylikapirštė žarna" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twellefvingerigen_derm" title="Twellefvingerigen derm – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Twellefvingerigen derm" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patk%C3%B3b%C3%A9l" title="Patkóbél – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Patkóbél" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D1%86%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Дванаесетпалечно црево – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Дванаесетпалечно црево" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80" title="ग्रहणी – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ग्रहणी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duodenum" title="Duodenum – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Duodenum" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twaalfvingerige_darm" title="Twaalfvingerige darm – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Twaalfvingerige darm" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E6%8C%87%E8%85%B8" title="十二指腸 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="十二指腸" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tolvfingertarm" title="Tolvfingertarm – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tolvfingertarm" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tolvfingertarm" title="Tolvfingertarm – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Tolvfingertarm" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/O%CA%BBn_ikki_barmoq_ichak" title="Oʻn ikki barmoq ichak – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Oʻn ikki barmoq ichak" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwunastnica" title="Dwunastnica – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Dwunastnica" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duodeno" title="Duodeno – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Duodeno" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duoden" title="Duoden – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Duoden" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Двенадцатиперстная кишка человека – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Двенадцатиперстная кишка человека" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duoden" title="Duoden – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Duoden" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duodenum" title="Duodenum – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Duodenum" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dvan%C3%A1stnik" title="Dvanástnik – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Dvanástnik" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dvanajstnik" title="Dvanajstnik – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Dvanajstnik" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%88%D8%A6%DB%86%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%88%D9%85" title="دیووئۆدینوم – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="دیووئۆدینوم" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D1%86%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Дванаестопалачно црево – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Дванаестопалачно црево" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dvanaesnik" title="Dvanaesnik – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Dvanaesnik" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pohjukaissuoli" title="Pohjukaissuoli – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Pohjukaissuoli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tolvfingertarm" title="Tolvfingertarm – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tolvfingertarm" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokong" title="Tokong – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Tokong" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B3%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99" title="ลำไส้เล็กส่วนต้น – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ลำไส้เล็กส่วนต้น" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oniki_parmak_ba%C4%9F%C4%B1rsa%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Oniki parmak bağırsağı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Oniki parmak bağırsağı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%86%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Дванадцятипала кишка – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Дванадцятипала кишка" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A1_tr%C3%A0ng" title="Tá tràng – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tá tràng" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E6%8C%87%E8%82%A0" title="十二指肠 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="十二指肠" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E6%8C%87%E8%85%B8" title="十二指腸 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="十二指腸" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E6%8C%87%E8%82%A0" title="十二指肠 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="十二指肠" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q134955#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" 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searchaux" style="display:none">First section of the small intestine</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the song, see <a href="/wiki/Duodenum_(song)" title="Duodenum (song)">Duodenum (song)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:dimgray; color: white">Duodenum</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Tractus_intestinalis_duodenum.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Tractus_intestinalis_duodenum.svg/250px-Tractus_intestinalis_duodenum.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="352" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Tractus_intestinalis_duodenum.svg/375px-Tractus_intestinalis_duodenum.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Tractus_intestinalis_duodenum.svg/500px-Tractus_intestinalis_duodenum.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="563" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Image of the <a href="/wiki/Human_gastrointestinal_tract" class="mw-redirect" title="Human gastrointestinal tract">gastrointestinal tract</a>, with the duodenum highlighted.</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Duodenumanatomy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Duodenumanatomy.jpg/250px-Duodenumanatomy.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Duodenumanatomy.jpg/375px-Duodenumanatomy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Duodenumanatomy.jpg/500px-Duodenumanatomy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1404" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Diagram of the human duodenum with major parts labelled</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em">Pronunciation</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="/dj/: 'd' in 'dew'">dj</span><span title="/uː/: 'oo' in 'goose'">uː</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span></span>/</a></span></span>, <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">US</a> also </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/dj/: 'd' in 'dew'">dj</span><span title="/u/: 'u' in 'influence'">u</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ɒ/: 'o' in 'body'">ɒ</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span></span>/</a></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Embryology" title="Embryology">Precursor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Foregut" title="Foregut">Foregut</a> (1st and 2nd parts), <a href="/wiki/Midgut" title="Midgut">midgut</a> (3rd and 4th part)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em">Part of</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Small_intestine" title="Small intestine">Small intestine</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Organ_system" title="Organ system">System</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Digestion" title="Digestion">Digestive system</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Artery" title="Artery">Artery</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Inferior_pancreaticoduodenal_artery" title="Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery">Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Superior_pancreaticoduodenal_artery" title="Superior pancreaticoduodenal artery">superior pancreaticoduodenal artery</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Vein" title="Vein">Vein</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pancreaticoduodenal_veins" title="Pancreaticoduodenal veins">Pancreaticoduodenal veins</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Nerve" title="Nerve">Nerve</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Celiac_ganglia" title="Celiac ganglia">Celiac ganglia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vagus" class="mw-redirect" title="Vagus">vagus</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>duodenum</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D004386">D004386</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Terminologia_Anatomica" title="Terminologia Anatomica">TA98</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ifaa.unifr.ch/Public/EntryPage/TA98%20Tree/Entity%20TA98%20EN/05.6.02.001%20Entity%20TA98%20EN.htm">A05.6.02.001</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Terminologia_Anatomica" title="Terminologia Anatomica">TA2</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ta2viewer.openanatomy.org/?id=2944">2944</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Foundational_Model_of_Anatomy" title="Foundational Model of Anatomy">FMA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" 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.sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257608828">.mw-parser-output .gastrointestinal-tract{width:21em}.mw-parser-output .gastrointestinal-tract .sidebar-list-title{padding-right:3em;font-size:100%;background-color:MistyRose}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks gastrointestinal-tract hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-top-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stomach_colon_rectum_diagram-en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Stomach_colon_rectum_diagram-en.svg/200px-Stomach_colon_rectum_diagram-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Stomach_colon_rectum_diagram-en.svg/300px-Stomach_colon_rectum_diagram-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Stomach_colon_rectum_diagram-en.svg/400px-Stomach_colon_rectum_diagram-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="529" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image">Major parts of the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Gastrointestinal_tract" title="Gastrointestinal tract">Gastrointestinal tract</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Upper_gastrointestinal_tract" class="mw-redirect" title="Upper gastrointestinal tract">Upper gastrointestinal tract</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mouth" title="Mouth">Mouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharynx" title="Pharynx">Pharynx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esophagus" title="Esophagus">Esophagus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stomach" title="Stomach">Stomach</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Duodenum</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Lower_gastrointestinal_tract" class="mw-redirect" title="Lower gastrointestinal tract">Lower gastrointestinal tract</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Small_intestine" title="Small intestine">Small intestine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jejunum" title="Jejunum">Jejunum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ileum" title="Ileum">Ileum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Large_intestine" title="Large intestine">Large intestine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cecum" title="Cecum">Cecum</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appendix_(anatomy)" title="Appendix (anatomy)">Appendix</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascending_colon" title="Ascending colon">Ascending colon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transverse_colon" title="Transverse colon">Transverse colon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Descending_colon" title="Descending colon">Descending colon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigmoid_colon" title="Sigmoid colon">Sigmoid colon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rectum" title="Rectum">Rectum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anus" title="Anus">Anus</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">See also</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gastrointestinal_wall" title="Gastrointestinal wall">Gastrointestinal wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_digestive_system" title="Human digestive system">Human digestive system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatomical_terminology" title="Anatomical terminology">Anatomical terminology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_human_anatomy" title="Outline of human anatomy">Outline of human anatomy</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Gastrointestinal_tract_sidebar" title="Template:Gastrointestinal tract sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Gastrointestinal_tract_sidebar" title="Template talk:Gastrointestinal tract sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Gastrointestinal_tract_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Gastrointestinal tract sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>duodenum</b> is the first section of the <a href="/wiki/Small_intestine" title="Small intestine">small intestine</a><sup id="cite_ref-National_Cancer_Institute_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-National_Cancer_Institute-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in most <a href="/wiki/Higher_vertebrates" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher vertebrates">higher vertebrates</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Mammals" class="mw-redirect" title="Mammals">mammals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reptiles" class="mw-redirect" title="Reptiles">reptiles</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Birds" class="mw-redirect" title="Birds">birds</a>. In mammals, it may be the principal site for <a href="/wiki/Iron" title="Iron">iron</a> absorption. The duodenum precedes the <a href="/wiki/Jejunum" title="Jejunum">jejunum</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ileum" title="Ileum">ileum</a> and is the shortest part of the small intestine. </p><p>In human beings, the duodenum is a hollow jointed tube about 25–38 centimetres (10–15 inches) long connecting the <a href="/wiki/Stomach" title="Stomach">stomach</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Jejunum" title="Jejunum">middle part of the small intestine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MedlinePlus_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MedlinePlus-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Nolan_2002_pp._247–259_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nolan_2002_pp._247–259-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It begins with the <a href="/wiki/Duodenal_bulb" title="Duodenal bulb">duodenal bulb</a> and ends at the <a href="/wiki/Suspensory_muscle_of_duodenum" title="Suspensory muscle of duodenum">suspensory muscle of duodenum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Duodenum can be divided into four parts: the first (superior), the second (descending), the third (transverse) and the fourth (ascending) parts.<sup id="cite_ref-Nolan_2002_pp._247–259_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nolan_2002_pp._247–259-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duodenum&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The duodenum is the first section of the <a href="/wiki/Small_intestine" title="Small intestine">small intestine</a> in most <a href="/wiki/Higher_vertebrates" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher vertebrates">higher vertebrates</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Mammals" class="mw-redirect" title="Mammals">mammals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reptiles" class="mw-redirect" title="Reptiles">reptiles</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Birds" class="mw-redirect" title="Birds">birds</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Fish" title="Fish">fish</a>, the divisions of the small intestine are not as clear, and the terms <b>anterior intestine</b> or <b>proximal intestine</b> may be used instead of duodenum.<sup id="cite_ref-fish_feeding_book_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fish_feeding_book-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In mammals the duodenum may be the principal site for <a href="/wiki/Iron" title="Iron">iron</a> absorption.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In humans, the duodenum is a C-shaped hollow jointed tube, 25–38 centimetres (10–15 inches) in length, lying adjacent to the <a href="/wiki/Stomach" title="Stomach">stomach</a> (and connecting it to the small intestine). It is divided anatomically into four sections. The first part lies within the <a href="/wiki/Peritoneum" title="Peritoneum">peritoneum</a> but its other parts are <a href="/wiki/Retroperitoneal" class="mw-redirect" title="Retroperitoneal">retroperitoneal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-GRAYS2005_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GRAYS2005-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 273">: 273 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parts">Parts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duodenum&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Parts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i>first part</i>, or <i>superior part</i>, of the duodenum is a continuation from the <a href="/wiki/Pylorus" title="Pylorus">pylorus</a> to the transpyloric plane. It is superior (above) to the rest of the segments, at the <a href="/wiki/Vertebral" class="mw-redirect" title="Vertebral">vertebral</a> level of <a href="/wiki/Lumbar_vertebrae" title="Lumbar vertebrae">L1</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Duodenal_bulb" title="Duodenal bulb">duodenal bulb</a>, about <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style>2 cm (<span class="frac"><span class="num">3</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span> in) long, is the first part of the duodenum and is slightly dilated. The duodenal bulb is a remnant of the mesoduodenum, a <a href="/wiki/Mesentery" title="Mesentery">mesentery</a> that suspends the organ from the posterior abdominal wall in fetal life.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first part of the duodenum is mobile, and connected to the liver by the <a href="/wiki/Hepatoduodenal_ligament" title="Hepatoduodenal ligament">hepatoduodenal ligament</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Lesser_omentum" title="Lesser omentum">lesser omentum</a>. The first part of the duodenum ends at the corner, the <i>superior duodenal flexure</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-GRAYS2005_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GRAYS2005-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 273">: 273 </span></sup> </p><p>Relations:<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <ul><li>Anterior <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gallbladder" title="Gallbladder">Gallbladder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quadrate_lobe_of_liver" class="mw-redirect" title="Quadrate lobe of liver">Quadrate lobe of liver</a></li></ul></li> <li>Posterior <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bile_duct" title="Bile duct">Bile duct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gastroduodenal_artery" title="Gastroduodenal artery">Gastroduodenal artery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal_vein" title="Portal vein">Portal vein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inferior_vena_cava" title="Inferior vena cava">Inferior vena cava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Head_of_pancreas" class="mw-redirect" title="Head of pancreas">Head of pancreas</a></li></ul></li> <li>Superior <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neck_of_gallbladder" class="mw-redirect" title="Neck of gallbladder">Neck of gallbladder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hepatoduodenal_ligament" title="Hepatoduodenal ligament">Hepatoduodenal ligament</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lesser_omentum" title="Lesser omentum">lesser omentum</a>)</li></ul></li> <li>Inferior <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neck_of_pancreas" class="mw-redirect" title="Neck of pancreas">Neck of pancreas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_omentum" title="Greater omentum">Greater omentum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Head_of_pancreas" class="mw-redirect" title="Head of pancreas">Head of pancreas</a></li></ul></li></ul> <p>The <i>second part</i>, or <i>descending part</i>, of the duodenum begins at the superior duodenal flexure. It goes <a href="/wiki/Anatomical_terms_of_location#Superior_and_inferior" title="Anatomical terms of location">inferior</a> to the lower border of vertebral body L3, before making a sharp turn <a href="/wiki/Lateral_and_medial" class="mw-redirect" title="Lateral and medial">medially</a> into the <i>inferior duodenal flexure</i>, the end of the descending part.<sup id="cite_ref-GRAYS2005_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GRAYS2005-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 274">: 274 </span></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Pancreatic_duct" title="Pancreatic duct">pancreatic duct</a> and <a href="/wiki/Common_bile_duct" title="Common bile duct">common bile duct</a> enter the descending duodenum, through the <a href="/wiki/Major_duodenal_papilla" title="Major duodenal papilla">major duodenal papilla</a>. The second part of the duodenum also contains the minor duodenal papilla, the entrance for the <a href="/wiki/Accessory_pancreatic_duct" class="mw-redirect" title="Accessory pancreatic duct">accessory pancreatic duct</a>. The junction between the embryological <a href="/wiki/Foregut" title="Foregut">foregut</a> and <a href="/wiki/Midgut" title="Midgut">midgut</a> lies just below the major duodenal papilla.<sup id="cite_ref-GRAYS2005_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GRAYS2005-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 274">: 274 </span></sup> </p><p>The <i>third part</i>, or <i>horizontal part</i> or <i>inferior part</i> of the duodenum is 10~12 cm in length. It begins at the <i>inferior duodenal flexure</i> and passes transversely to the left, passing in front of the <a href="/wiki/Inferior_vena_cava" title="Inferior vena cava">inferior vena cava</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abdominal_aorta" title="Abdominal aorta">abdominal aorta</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Vertebral_column" title="Vertebral column">vertebral column</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Superior_mesenteric_artery" title="Superior mesenteric artery">superior mesenteric artery</a> and <a href="/wiki/Superior_mesenteric_vein" title="Superior mesenteric vein">vein</a> are <a href="/wiki/Anterior" class="mw-redirect" title="Anterior">anterior</a> to the third part of the duodenum.<sup id="cite_ref-GRAYS2005_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GRAYS2005-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 274">: 274 </span></sup> This part may be compressed between the aorta and SMA causing <a href="/wiki/Superior_mesenteric_artery_syndrome" title="Superior mesenteric artery syndrome">superior mesenteric artery syndrome</a>. </p><p>The <i>fourth part</i>, or <i>ascending part</i>, of the duodenum passes upward, joining with the <a href="/wiki/Jejunum" title="Jejunum">jejunum</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Duodenojejunal_flexure" title="Duodenojejunal flexure">duodenojejunal flexure</a>. The fourth part of the duodenum is at the vertebral level L3, and may pass directly on top, or slightly to the left, of the <a href="/wiki/Aorta" title="Aorta">aorta</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-GRAYS2005_9-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GRAYS2005-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 274">: 274 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Blood_supply">Blood supply</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duodenum&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Blood supply"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The duodenum receives arterial blood from two different sources. The transition between these sources is important as it demarcates the foregut from the midgut. Proximal to the 2nd part of the duodenum (approximately at the major duodenal papilla – where the bile duct enters) the arterial supply is from the <a href="/wiki/Gastroduodenal_artery" title="Gastroduodenal artery">gastroduodenal artery</a> and its branch the <a href="/wiki/Superior_pancreaticoduodenal_artery" title="Superior pancreaticoduodenal artery">superior pancreaticoduodenal artery</a>. Distal to this point (the midgut) the arterial supply is from the <a href="/wiki/Superior_mesenteric_artery" title="Superior mesenteric artery">superior mesenteric artery</a> (SMA), and its branch the <a href="/wiki/Inferior_pancreaticoduodenal_artery" title="Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery">inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery</a> supplies the 3rd and 4th sections. The <a href="/wiki/Superior_pancreaticoduodenal_artery" title="Superior pancreaticoduodenal artery">superior</a> and <a href="/wiki/Inferior_pancreaticoduodenal_artery" title="Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery">inferior pancreaticoduodenal</a> arteries (from the gastroduodenal artery and SMA respectively) form an <a href="/wiki/Anastamosis" class="mw-redirect" title="Anastamosis">anastomotic</a> loop between the <a href="/wiki/Celiac_artery" title="Celiac artery">celiac trunk</a> and the SMA; so there is potential for collateral circulation here. </p><p>The venous drainage of the duodenum follows the arteries. Ultimately these veins drain into the <a href="/wiki/Portal_venous_system" title="Portal venous system">portal system</a>, either directly or indirectly through the <a href="/wiki/Splenic_vein" title="Splenic vein">splenic</a> or <a href="/wiki/Superior_mesenteric_vein" title="Superior mesenteric vein">superior mesenteric vein</a> and then to the portal vein. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lymphatic_drainage">Lymphatic drainage</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duodenum&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Lymphatic drainage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Lymph_vessel" class="mw-redirect" title="Lymph vessel">lymphatic vessels</a> follow the arteries in a retrograde fashion. The anterior lymphatic vessels drain into the pancreatoduodenal <a href="/wiki/Lymph_node" title="Lymph node">lymph nodes</a> located along the superior and inferior pancreatoduodenal arteries and then into the pyloric lymph nodes (along the gastroduodenal artery). The posterior lymphatic vessels pass posterior to the head of the pancreas and drain into the superior mesenteric lymph nodes. Efferent lymphatic vessels from the duodenal lymph nodes ultimately pass into the celiac lymph nodes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Histology">Histology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duodenum&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Histology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Under <a href="/wiki/Microscopy" title="Microscopy">microscopy</a>, the duodenum has a <a href="/wiki/Intestinal_villus" title="Intestinal villus">villous</a> <a href="/wiki/Mucosa" class="mw-redirect" title="Mucosa">mucosa</a>. This is distinct from the mucosa of the <a href="/wiki/Pylorus" title="Pylorus">pylorus</a>, which directly joins the duodenum. Like other structures of the <a href="/wiki/Gastrointestinal_wall" title="Gastrointestinal wall">gastrointestinal tract</a>, the duodenum has a <a href="/wiki/Mucosa" class="mw-redirect" title="Mucosa">mucosa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Submucosa" title="Submucosa">submucosa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muscularis_externa" class="mw-redirect" title="Muscularis externa">muscularis externa</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Adventitia" title="Adventitia">adventitia</a>. Glands line the duodenum, known as <a href="/wiki/Brunner%27s_gland" class="mw-redirect" title="Brunner's gland">Brunner's glands</a>, which secrete <a href="/wiki/Mucus" title="Mucus">mucus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bicarbonate" title="Bicarbonate">bicarbonate</a> in order to neutralise stomach acids. These are distinct glands not found in the ileum or jejunum, the other parts of the small intestine.<sup id="cite_ref-WHEATERS2006_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHEATERS2006-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 274–275">: 274–275 </span></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dogduodenum100x3.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dog duodenum 100X"><img alt="Dog duodenum 100X" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Dogduodenum100x3.jpg/120px-Dogduodenum100x3.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Dogduodenum100x3.jpg/180px-Dogduodenum100x3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Dogduodenum100x3.jpg/240px-Dogduodenum100x3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Dog duodenum 100X</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Small_bowel_duodenum_with_amyloid_deposition_congo_red_10X.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Duodenum with amyloid deposition in lamina propria"><img alt="Duodenum with amyloid deposition in lamina propria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Small_bowel_duodenum_with_amyloid_deposition_congo_red_10X.jpg/120px-Small_bowel_duodenum_with_amyloid_deposition_congo_red_10X.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Small_bowel_duodenum_with_amyloid_deposition_congo_red_10X.jpg/180px-Small_bowel_duodenum_with_amyloid_deposition_congo_red_10X.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Small_bowel_duodenum_with_amyloid_deposition_congo_red_10X.jpg/240px-Small_bowel_duodenum_with_amyloid_deposition_congo_red_10X.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Duodenum with amyloid deposition in lamina propria</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray1058.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Section of duodenum of cat. X 60"><img alt="Section of duodenum of cat. X 60" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Gray1058.png/83px-Gray1058.png" decoding="async" width="83" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Gray1058.png/125px-Gray1058.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Gray1058.png/166px-Gray1058.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="577" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Section of duodenum of cat. X 60</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Giardiasis_duodenum_low.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Micrograph showing giardiasis on a duodenal biopsy (H&E stain)"><img alt="Micrograph showing giardiasis on a duodenal biopsy (H&E stain)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Giardiasis_duodenum_low.jpg/120px-Giardiasis_duodenum_low.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Giardiasis_duodenum_low.jpg/180px-Giardiasis_duodenum_low.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Giardiasis_duodenum_low.jpg/240px-Giardiasis_duodenum_low.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2848" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Micrograph" title="Micrograph">Micrograph</a> showing <a href="/wiki/Giardiasis" title="Giardiasis">giardiasis</a> on a duodenal biopsy (<a href="/wiki/H%26E_stain" title="H&E stain">H&E stain</a>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Microvilli-Duodenum.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Duodenum with brush border (microvillus)"><img alt="Duodenum with brush border (microvillus)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Microvilli-Duodenum.JPG/120px-Microvilli-Duodenum.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Microvilli-Duodenum.JPG/180px-Microvilli-Duodenum.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Microvilli-Duodenum.JPG/240px-Microvilli-Duodenum.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Duodenum with brush border (<a href="/wiki/Microvilli" class="mw-redirect" title="Microvilli">microvillus</a>)</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Variation">Variation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duodenum&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Variation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> The duodenum's close anatomical association with the pancreas creates differences in function based on the position and orientation of the organs. The congenital abnormality, annular pancreas, causes a portion of the pancreas to encircle the duodenum. In an extramural annular pancreas, the pancreatic duct encircles the duodenum which results in gastrointestinal obstruction. An intramural annular pancreas is characterized by pancreatic tissue that is fused with the duodenal wall, causing duodenal ulceration.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style></p><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Duodenum&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2013</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gene_and_protein_expression">Gene and protein expression</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duodenum&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Gene and protein expression"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Bioinformatics#Gene_and_protein_expression" title="Bioinformatics">Bioinformatics § Gene and protein expression</a></div> <p>About 20,000 protein coding genes are expressed in human cells and 70% of these genes are expressed in the normal duodenum.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some 300 of these genes are more specifically expressed in the duodenum with very few genes expressed only in the duodenum. The corresponding specific proteins are expressed in the duodenal mucosa, and many of these are also expressed in the small intestine, such as <a href="/wiki/Alanine_aminopeptidase" title="Alanine aminopeptidase">alanine aminopeptidase</a>, a digestive enzyme, <a href="/wiki/Angiotensin-converting_enzyme" title="Angiotensin-converting enzyme">angiotensin-converting enzyme</a>, involved in controlling <a href="/wiki/Blood_pressure" title="Blood pressure">blood pressure</a>, and <a href="/wiki/RBP2" title="RBP2">RBP2</a>, a protein involved in the uptake of <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_A" title="Vitamin A">vitamin A</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Function">Function</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duodenum&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Function"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The duodenum is largely responsible for the breakdown of food in the small intestine, using <a href="/wiki/Enzymes" class="mw-redirect" title="Enzymes">enzymes</a>. The duodenum also regulates the rate of emptying of the stomach via hormonal pathways. <a href="/wiki/Secretin" title="Secretin">Secretin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cholecystokinin" title="Cholecystokinin">cholecystokinin</a> are released from cells in the duodenal <a href="/wiki/Epithelium" title="Epithelium">epithelium</a> in response to acidic and fatty stimuli present there when the <a href="/wiki/Pylorus" title="Pylorus">pylorus</a> opens and emits gastric <a href="/wiki/Chyme" title="Chyme">chyme</a> into the duodenum for further digestion. These cause the <a href="/wiki/Liver" title="Liver">liver</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gallbladder" title="Gallbladder">gallbladder</a> to release <a href="/wiki/Bile" title="Bile">bile</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Pancreas" title="Pancreas">pancreas</a> to release bicarbonate and digestive enzymes such as <a href="/wiki/Trypsin" title="Trypsin">trypsin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lipase" title="Lipase">lipase</a> and <a href="/wiki/Amylase" title="Amylase">amylase</a> into the duodenum as they are needed.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The villi of the duodenum have a leafy-looking appearance, which is a histologically identifiable structure. <a href="/wiki/Brunner%27s_glands" title="Brunner's glands">Brunner's glands</a>, which secrete <a href="/wiki/Mucus" title="Mucus">mucus</a>, are only found in the duodenum. The duodenum wall consists of a very thin layer of cells that form the <a href="/wiki/Muscularis_mucosae" title="Muscularis mucosae">muscularis mucosae</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Clinical_significance">Clinical significance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duodenum&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Clinical significance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ulceration">Ulceration</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duodenum&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Ulceration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Peptic_ulcer_disease" title="Peptic ulcer disease">Peptic ulcer disease</a></div> <p>Ulcers of the duodenum commonly occur because of infection by the bacteria <i><a href="/wiki/Helicobacter_pylori" title="Helicobacter pylori">Helicobacter pylori</a></i>. These bacteria, through a number of mechanisms, erode the protective mucosa of the duodenum, predisposing it to damage from gastric acids. The first part of the duodenum is the most common location of ulcers since it is where the acidic chyme meets the duodenal mucosa before mixing with the alkaline secretions of the duodenum.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Duodenal ulcers may cause recurrent abdominal pain and <a href="/wiki/Dyspepsia" class="mw-redirect" title="Dyspepsia">dyspepsia</a>, and are often investigated using a <a href="/wiki/Urea_breath_test" title="Urea breath test">urea breath test</a> to test for the bacteria, and <a href="/wiki/Endoscopy" title="Endoscopy">endoscopy</a> to confirm ulceration and take a <a href="/wiki/Biopsy" title="Biopsy">biopsy</a>. If managed, these are often managed through <a href="/wiki/Antibiotic" title="Antibiotic">antibiotics</a> that aim to eradicate the bacteria, and <a href="/wiki/Proton-pump_inhibitors" class="mw-redirect" title="Proton-pump inhibitors">proton-pump inhibitors</a> and <a href="/wiki/Antacid" title="Antacid">antacids</a> to reduce the gastric acidity.<sup id="cite_ref-DAVIDSONS2010_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DAVIDSONS2010-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Celiac_disease">Celiac disease</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duodenum&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Celiac disease"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/British_Society_of_Gastroenterology" title="British Society of Gastroenterology">British Society of Gastroenterology</a> guidelines specify that a duodenal biopsy is required for the diagnosis of adult <a href="/wiki/Celiac_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Celiac disease">celiac disease</a>. The biopsy is ideally performed at a moment when the patient is on a gluten-containing diet.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cancer">Cancer</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duodenum&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Cancer"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Duodenal cancer is a cancer in the first section of the small intestine. Cancer of the duodenum is relatively rare compared to <a href="/wiki/Stomach_cancer" title="Stomach cancer">stomach cancer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Colorectal_cancer" title="Colorectal cancer">colorectal cancer</a>; malignant tumors in the duodenum constitute only around 0.3% of all the gastrointestinal tract tumors but around half of cancerous tissues that develop in the small intestine.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its histology is often observed to be <a href="/wiki/Adenocarcinoma" title="Adenocarcinoma">adenocarcinoma</a>, meaning that the cancerous tissue arises from glandular cells in the <a href="/wiki/Epithelial_tissue" class="mw-redirect" title="Epithelial tissue">epithelial tissue</a> lining the duodenum.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Inflammation">Inflammation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duodenum&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Inflammation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Inflammation of the duodenum is referred to as <a href="/wiki/Duodenitis" title="Duodenitis">duodenitis</a>. There are multiple known causes.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid16679353_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid16679353-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Celiac disease and inflammatory bowel disease are two of the known causes.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duodenum&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The name <i>duodenum</i> is <a href="/wiki/Medieval_Latin" title="Medieval Latin">Medieval Latin</a>, short for <i>intestīnum duodēnum digitōrum</i>, meaning intestine of twelve finger-widths (in length), genitive pl. of duodēnī, twelve each, from Latin duodeni "twelve each" (from duodecim "twelve"). Coined by Gerard of Cremona (d. 1187) in his Latin translation of "Canon Avicennae," "اثنا عشر" itself a loan-translation of Greek dodekadaktylon, literally "twelve fingers long." The intestine part was so called by the Greek physician <a href="/wiki/Herophilus" class="mw-redirect" title="Herophilus">Herophilus</a> (c. 335–280 BCE) for its length, about equal to the breadth of 12 fingers.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many languages retain a similar etymology for this word. For example, <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a> <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Zwölffingerdarm</i></span>, <a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a> <span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">Twaalfvingerige darm</i></span> and <a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a> <span title="Turkish-language text"><i lang="tr">Oniki parmak bağırsağı</i></span>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Additional_images">Additional images</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duodenum&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Additional images"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blausen_0817_SmallIntestine_Anatomy.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Sections of the small intestine"><img alt="Sections of the small intestine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Blausen_0817_SmallIntestine_Anatomy.png/120px-Blausen_0817_SmallIntestine_Anatomy.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Blausen_0817_SmallIntestine_Anatomy.png/180px-Blausen_0817_SmallIntestine_Anatomy.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Blausen_0817_SmallIntestine_Anatomy.png/240px-Blausen_0817_SmallIntestine_Anatomy.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Sections of the small intestine</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray533.png" class="mw-file-description" title="The celiac artery and its branches; the stomach has been raised and the peritoneum removed"><img alt="The celiac artery and its branches; the stomach has been raised and the peritoneum removed" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Gray533.png/113px-Gray533.png" decoding="async" width="113" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Gray533.png/169px-Gray533.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Gray533.png/225px-Gray533.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="745" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The celiac artery and its branches; the stomach has been raised and the peritoneum removed</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray1041.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Superior and inferior duodenal fossæ"><img alt="Superior and inferior duodenal fossæ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Gray1041.png/120px-Gray1041.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Gray1041.png/180px-Gray1041.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Gray1041.png/240px-Gray1041.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="312" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Superior and inferior duodenal fossæ</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray1042.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Duodenojejunal fossa"><img alt="Duodenojejunal fossa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Gray1042.png/120px-Gray1042.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Gray1042.png/180px-Gray1042.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Gray1042.png/240px-Gray1042.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="447" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Duodenojejunal fossa</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray1099.png" class="mw-file-description" title="The pancreas and duodenum from behind"><img alt="The pancreas and duodenum from behind" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Gray1099.png/120px-Gray1099.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Gray1099.png/180px-Gray1099.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Gray1099.png/240px-Gray1099.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="494" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The pancreas and duodenum from behind</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray1097.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Transverse section through the middle of the first lumbar vertebra, showing the relations of the pancreas"><img alt="Transverse section through the middle of the first lumbar vertebra, showing the relations of the pancreas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Gray1097.png/120px-Gray1097.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Gray1097.png/180px-Gray1097.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Gray1097.png/240px-Gray1097.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="595" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Transverse section through the middle of the first lumbar vertebra, showing the relations of the pancreas</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray1100.png" class="mw-file-description" title="The pancreatic duct"><img alt="The pancreatic duct" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Gray1100.png/120px-Gray1100.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Gray1100.png/180px-Gray1100.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Gray1100.png/240px-Gray1100.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="427" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The pancreatic duct</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Illu_pancrease.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Region of pancreas"><img alt="Region of pancreas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Illu_pancrease.jpg/118px-Illu_pancrease.jpg" decoding="async" width="118" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Illu_pancrease.jpg/178px-Illu_pancrease.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Illu_pancrease.jpg/237px-Illu_pancrease.jpg 2x" data-file-width="302" data-file-height="306" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Region of pancreas</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Slide3ii.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Duodenum"><img alt="Duodenum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Slide3ii.JPG/120px-Slide3ii.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Slide3ii.JPG/180px-Slide3ii.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Slide3ii.JPG/240px-Slide3ii.JPG 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="720" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Duodenum</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Slide2ffff.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Duodenum"><img alt="Duodenum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Slide2ffff.JPG/120px-Slide2ffff.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Slide2ffff.JPG/180px-Slide2ffff.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Slide2ffff.JPG/240px-Slide2ffff.JPG 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="720" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Duodenum</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Slide7ffff.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Duodenum"><img alt="Duodenum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Slide7ffff.JPG/120px-Slide7ffff.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Slide7ffff.JPG/180px-Slide7ffff.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Slide7ffff.JPG/240px-Slide7ffff.JPG 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="720" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Duodenum</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duodenum&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article uses <a href="/wiki/Anatomical_terminology" title="Anatomical terminology">anatomical terminology</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/duodenum" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/duodenum">duodenum</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pancreas" title="Pancreas">Pancreas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choledochoduodenostomy" title="Choledochoduodenostomy">Choledochoduodenostomy</a> - a surgical procedure to create a connection between the common bile duct (CBD) and an alternative portion of the duodenum.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duodenum&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFNosek" class="citation book cs1">Nosek, Thomas M. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160324124828/http://humanphysiology.tuars.com/program/section6/6ch2/s6ch2_30.htm">"Section 6/6ch2/s6ch2_30"</a>. <i>Essentials of Human Physiology</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://humanphysiology.tuars.com/program/section6/6ch2/s6ch2_30.htm">the original</a> on 2016-03-24.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Section+6%2F6ch2%2Fs6ch2_30&rft.btitle=Essentials+of+Human+Physiology&rft.aulast=Nosek&rft.aufirst=Thomas+M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhumanphysiology.tuars.com%2Fprogram%2Fsection6%2F6ch2%2Fs6ch2_30.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADuodenum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones2011" class="citation cs1"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Jones_(phonetician)" title="Daniel Jones (phonetician)">Jones, Daniel</a> (2011). <a href="/wiki/Peter_Roach_(phonetician)" title="Peter Roach (phonetician)">Roach, Peter</a>; <a href="/wiki/Jane_Setter" title="Jane Setter">Setter, Jane</a>; <a href="/wiki/John_Esling" title="John Esling">Esling, John</a> (eds.). <i><a href="/wiki/English_Pronouncing_Dictionary" title="English Pronouncing Dictionary">Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary</a></i> (18th ed.). Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-15255-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-15255-6"><bdi>978-0-521-15255-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cambridge+English+Pronouncing+Dictionary&rft.edition=18th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-521-15255-6&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADuodenum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-National_Cancer_Institute-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-National_Cancer_Institute_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms">"NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms"</a>. <i>National Cancer Institute</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-06-07</span></span>. <q>The first part of the small intestine. It connects to the stomach. The duodenum helps to further digest food coming from the stomach. It absorbs nutrients (vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, fats, proteins) and water from food so they can be used by the body.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Cancer+Institute&rft.atitle=NCI+Dictionary+of+Cancer+Terms&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancer.gov%2Fpublications%2Fdictionaries%2Fcancer-terms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADuodenum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MedlinePlus-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MedlinePlus_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002347.htm">"Duodenum: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia"</a>. <i>MedlinePlus</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-06-07</span></span>. <q>It is located between the stomach and the middle part of the small intestine. After foods mix with stomach acid, they move into the duodenum, where they mix with bile from the gallbladder and digestive juices from the pancreas.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MedlinePlus&rft.atitle=Duodenum%3A+MedlinePlus+Medical+Encyclopedia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmedlineplus.gov%2Fency%2Farticle%2F002347.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADuodenum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nolan_2002_pp._247–259-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nolan_2002_pp._247–259_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nolan_2002_pp._247–259_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNolan2002" class="citation book cs1">Nolan, D. J. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-56231-0_6">"Radiology of the Duodenum"</a>. <i>Radiological Imaging of the Small Intestine</i>. Medical Radiology. 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class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.etymonline.com/word/duodenum">"duodenum - Origin and meaning of duodenum by Online Etymology Dictionary"</a>. <i>www.etymonline.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.etymonline.com&rft.atitle=duodenum+-+Origin+and+meaning+of+duodenum+by+Online+Etymology+Dictionary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Fword%2Fduodenum&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADuodenum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duodenum&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, 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template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Gastrointestinal_tract" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Gastrointestinal tract"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Anatomy_of_the_gastrointestinal_tract,_excluding_the_mouth" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Anatomy of the <a href="/wiki/Gastrointestinal_tract" title="Gastrointestinal tract">gastrointestinal tract</a>, excluding the <a href="/wiki/Human_mouth" title="Human mouth">mouth</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gastrointestinal_tract#Upper_gastrointestinal_tract" title="Gastrointestinal tract">Upper</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pharynx" title="Pharynx">Pharynx</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pharyngeal_muscles" title="Pharyngeal muscles">Muscles</a></li> <li>Spaces <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peripharyngeal_space" title="Peripharyngeal space">peripharyngeal </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retropharyngeal_space" title="Retropharyngeal space">retropharyngeal </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parapharyngeal_space" title="Parapharyngeal space">parapharyngeal </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retrovisceral_space" title="Retrovisceral space">retrovisceral </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danger_space" title="Danger space">danger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prevertebral_space" title="Prevertebral space">prevertebral</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pterygomandibular_raphe" title="Pterygomandibular raphe">Pterygomandibular raphe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharyngeal_raphe" title="Pharyngeal raphe">Pharyngeal raphe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buccopharyngeal_fascia" title="Buccopharyngeal fascia">Buccopharyngeal fascia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharyngobasilar_fascia" title="Pharyngobasilar fascia">Pharyngobasilar fascia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyriform_sinus" title="Pyriform sinus">Pyriform sinus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Esophagus" title="Esophagus">Esophagus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Sphincters <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Esophagus#Sphincters" title="Esophagus">upper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esophagus#Sphincters" title="Esophagus">lower</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esophageal_gland" title="Esophageal gland">glands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crop_(anatomy)" title="Crop (anatomy)">crop</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Stomach" title="Stomach">Stomach</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Curvatures <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Curvatures_of_the_stomach#Greater_curvature" title="Curvatures of the stomach">greater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curvatures_of_the_stomach#Lesser_curvature" title="Curvatures of the stomach">lesser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angular_incisure" title="Angular incisure">Angular incisure</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stomach#Sections" title="Stomach">Cardia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stomach#Structure" title="Stomach">Body</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stomach#Structure" title="Stomach">Fundus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pylorus" title="Pylorus">Pylorus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gastric_mucosa" title="Gastric mucosa">Gastric mucosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gastric_folds" title="Gastric folds">Gastric folds</a></li> <li>Microanatomy <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gastric_pits" title="Gastric pits">Gastric pits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gastric_glands" title="Gastric glands">Gastric glands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardiac_glands" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardiac glands">Cardiac glands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fundic_glands" class="mw-redirect" title="Fundic glands">Fundic glands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pylorus#Histology" title="Pylorus">Pyloric glands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foveolar_cell" title="Foveolar cell">Foveolar cells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parietal_cell" title="Parietal cell">Parietal cells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gastric_chief_cell" title="Gastric chief cell">Gastric chief cells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enterochromaffin-like_cell" title="Enterochromaffin-like cell">Enterochromaffin-like cells</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gastrointestinal_tract#Lower_gastrointestinal_tract" title="Gastrointestinal tract">Lower</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Small_intestine" title="Small intestine">Small intestine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Microanatomy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intestinal_villus" title="Intestinal villus">Intestinal villi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microvillus" title="Microvillus">Microvilli</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intestinal_gland" title="Intestinal gland">Intestinal glands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enterocyte" title="Enterocyte">Enterocytes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enteroendocrine_cell" title="Enteroendocrine cell">Enteroendocrine cells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goblet_cell" title="Goblet cell">Goblet cells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paneth_cell" title="Paneth cell">Paneth cells</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Duodenum</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Suspensory_muscle_of_duodenum" title="Suspensory muscle of duodenum">Suspensory muscle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_duodenal_papilla" title="Major duodenal papilla">Major duodenal papilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minor_duodenal_papilla" title="Minor duodenal papilla">Minor duodenal papilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duodenojejunal_flexure" title="Duodenojejunal flexure">Duodenojejunal flexure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunner%27s_glands" title="Brunner's glands">Brunner's glands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jejunum" title="Jejunum">Jejunum</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>No substructures</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ileum" title="Ileum">Ileum</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ileocecal_valve" title="Ileocecal valve">Ileocecal valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peyer%27s_patch" title="Peyer's patch">Peyer's patches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microfold_cell" title="Microfold cell">Microfold cells</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Large_intestine" title="Large intestine">Large intestine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cecum" title="Cecum">Cecum</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appendix_(anatomy)" title="Appendix (anatomy)">Appendix</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Large_intestine#Structure" title="Large intestine">Colon</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ascending_colon" title="Ascending colon">Ascending colon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hepatic_flexure" class="mw-redirect" title="Hepatic flexure">Hepatic flexure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transverse_colon" title="Transverse colon">Transverse colon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Splenic_flexure" class="mw-redirect" title="Splenic flexure">Splenic flexure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Descending_colon" title="Descending colon">Descending colon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigmoid_colon" title="Sigmoid colon">Sigmoid colon</a></li> <li>Continuous <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taenia_coli" title="Taenia coli">taenia coli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haustrum_(anatomy)" title="Haustrum (anatomy)">haustra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epiploic_appendix" title="Epiploic appendix">epiploic appendix</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rectum" title="Rectum">Rectum</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transverse_folds_of_rectum" title="Transverse folds of rectum">Transverse folds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rectal_ampulla" class="mw-redirect" title="Rectal ampulla">Ampulla</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anal_canal" title="Anal canal">Anal canal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_anus" title="Human anus">Anus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anal_columns" title="Anal columns">Anal columns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anal_valves" title="Anal valves">Anal valves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anal_sinuses" title="Anal sinuses">Anal sinuses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pectinate_line" title="Pectinate line">Pectinate line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internal_anal_sphincter" title="Internal anal sphincter">Internal anal sphincter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersphincteric_groove" class="mw-redirect" title="Intersphincteric groove">Intersphincteric groove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/External_anal_sphincter" title="External anal sphincter">External anal sphincter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gastrointestinal_wall" title="Gastrointestinal wall">Wall</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Serous_membrane" title="Serous membrane">Serosa</a> / <a href="/wiki/Adventitia" title="Adventitia">Adventitia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subserosa" title="Subserosa">Subserosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscular_layer" title="Muscular layer">Muscular layer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submucosa" title="Submucosa">Submucosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circular_folds" title="Circular folds">Circular folds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mucous_membrane" title="Mucous membrane">Mucosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscularis_mucosae" title="Muscularis mucosae">Muscularis mucosa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134955#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134955#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134955#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" 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