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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Regulations and labelling</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Regulations_and_labelling-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Regulations and labelling subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Regulations_and_labelling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Legal_definition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legal_definition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Legal definition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legal_definition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Labelling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Labelling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Labelling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Labelling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economic_effects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economic_effects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Economic effects</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economic_effects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ownership_of_distilleries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ownership_of_distilleries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Ownership of distilleries</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ownership_of_distilleries-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Ownership of distilleries subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ownership_of_distilleries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Independent_bottlers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Independent_bottlers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Independent bottlers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Independent_bottlers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Types" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Types"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Types</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Types-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Types subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Types-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Single_malt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Single_malt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Single malt</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Single_malt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Single_grain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Single_grain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Single grain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Single_grain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Blended_malt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Blended_malt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Blended malt</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Blended_malt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Blended_grain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Blended_grain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Blended grain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Blended_grain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Blended" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Blended"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Blended</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Blended-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Regions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Regions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sensory_characteristics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sensory_characteristics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Sensory characteristics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sensory_characteristics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Sensory characteristics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sensory_characteristics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Flavour_and_aroma" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flavour_and_aroma"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Flavour and aroma</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flavour_and_aroma-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Screening_for_potential_adulteration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Screening_for_potential_adulteration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Screening for potential adulteration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Screening_for_potential_adulteration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Books" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Books"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Books</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Books-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Scotch whisky</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 44 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-44" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">44 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B4_(%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%8A)" title="سكوتش (ويسكي) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سكوتش (ويسكي)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%AF%D5%B8%D5%BE%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%88%D6%82%D5%AB%D5%BD%D6%84%D5%AB" title="Սկովտիական Ուիսքի – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Սկովտիական Ուիսքի" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eotlandiya_viskisi" title="Şotlandiya viskisi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Şotlandiya viskisi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whisky_escoc%C3%A8s" title="Whisky escocès – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Whisky escocès" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9%C4%95" title="Шотланд вискийĕ – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Шотланд вискийĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skotsk%C3%A1_whisky" title="Skotská whisky – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Skotská whisky" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skotsk_whisky" title="Skotsk whisky – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Skotsk whisky" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0oti_viski" title="Šoti viski – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Šoti viski" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whisky_escoc%C3%A9s" title="Whisky escocés – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Whisky escocés" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eskoziar_whiski" title="Eskoziar whiski – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Eskoziar whiski" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B3%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9%D8%A7%DA%86" title="ویسکی اسکاچ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ویسکی اسکاچ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skotskt_whisky" title="Skotskt whisky – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Skotskt whisky" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotch_whisky" title="Scotch whisky – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Scotch whisky" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuisce_na_hAlban" title="Fuisce na hAlban – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Fuisce na hAlban" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whisky_escoc%C3%A9s" title="Whisky escocés – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Whisky escocés" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%EC%B9%B4%EC%B9%98_%EC%9C%84%EC%8A%A4%ED%82%A4" title="스카치 위스키 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="스카치 위스키" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%87%D5%B8%D5%BF%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%BE%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%AF%D5%AB" title="Շոտլանդական վիսկի – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Շոտլանդական վիսկի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%9A_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="स्कॉच व्हिस्की – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="स्कॉच व्हिस्की" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sko%C4%8D" title="Skoč – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Skoč" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiski_Skotch" title="Wiski Skotch – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Wiski Skotch" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skoskt_visk%C3%AD" title="Skoskt viskí – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Skoskt viskí" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotch_whisky" title="Scotch whisky – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Scotch whisky" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%99_%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%98%D7%99" title="ויסקי סקוטי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ויסקי סקוטי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%9A%E0%B3%8D%E2%80%8C_%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BF" title="ಸ್ಕಾಚ್‌ ವಿಸ್ಕಿ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಸ್ಕಾಚ್‌ ವಿಸ್ಕಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Шотландық виски – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Шотландық виски" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0koti%C5%A1kas_viskis" title="Škotiškas viskis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Škotiškas viskis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sk%C3%B3t_whisky" title="Skót whisky – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Skót whisky" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B4_(%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%89)" title="سكوتش (ويسكى) – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سكوتش (ويسكى)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%82%B3%E3%83%83%E3%83%81%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B9%E3%82%AD%E3%83%BC" title="スコッチ・ウイスキー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="スコッチ・ウイスキー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skotsk_whisky" title="Skotsk whisky – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Skotsk whisky" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szkocka_whisky" title="Szkocka whisky – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Szkocka whisky" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/U%C3%ADsque_escoc%C3%AAs" title="Uísque escocês – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Uísque escocês" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotch_whisky" title="Scotch whisky – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Scotch whisky" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Шотландский виски – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Шотландский виски" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotch_whisky" title="Scotch whisky – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Scotch whisky" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skottiviski" title="Skottiviski – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Skottiviski" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skotsk_whisky" title="Skotsk whisky – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Skotsk whisky" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0sko%C3%A7_viskisi" title="İskoç viskisi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İskoç viskisi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Шотландське віскі – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Шотландське віскі" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotch_whisky" title="Scotch whisky – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Scotch whisky" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E6%A0%BC%E5%85%B0%E5%A8%81%E5%A3%AB%E5%BF%8C" title="苏格兰威士忌 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="苏格兰威士忌" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%98%D7%A9_%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%99" title="סקאטש וויסקי – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="סקאטש וויסקי" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%98%87%E6%A0%BC%E8%98%AD%E5%A8%81%E5%A3%AB%E5%BF%8C" title="蘇格蘭威士忌 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox hrecipe hproduct"><caption class="infobox-title fn ingredient">Scotch whisky</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Bowmore_whisky_12_years.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Bowmore_whisky_12_years.JPG/220px-Bowmore_whisky_12_years.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Bowmore_whisky_12_years.JPG/330px-Bowmore_whisky_12_years.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Bowmore_whisky_12_years.JPG/440px-Bowmore_whisky_12_years.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2112" data-file-height="2816" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Liquor" title="Liquor">Distilled beverage</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Country of origin </span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Introduced</th><td class="infobox-data">15th century<br /> (active: 524 years)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_by_volume" title="Alcohol by volume">Alcohol by volume</a> </span></th><td class="infobox-data">40–94.8%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Colour</th><td class="infobox-data">Pale <a href="/wiki/Gold_(color)" title="Gold (color)">gold</a> to dark <a href="/wiki/Amber_(color)" title="Amber (color)">amber</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Flavour</th><td class="infobox-data">Smooth, sharp, (often) hint of <a href="/wiki/Vanilla" title="Vanilla">vanilla</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Ingredients</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Malt" title="Malt">Malt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Water" title="Water">water</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Variants</th><td class="infobox-data">Single malt, Single grain, Blended malt, Blended grain, Blended</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Related products</th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irish_whiskey" title="Irish whiskey">Irish whiskey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_whisky" title="Welsh whisky">Welsh whisky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_whisky" title="English whisky">English whisky</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Scotch whisky</b> (<a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish Gaelic language">Scottish Gaelic</a>: <i lang="gd">uisge-beatha na h-Alba</i>; <a href="/wiki/Scots_language" title="Scots language">Scots</a>: <i lang="sco">whisky/whiskie</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="sco-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[ˈʍɪski]</a></span> or <span title="Scots-language text"><i lang="sco">whusk(e)y</i></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="sco-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[ˈʍʌski]</a></span>),<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> often simply called whisky or <b>Scotch</b>, is <a href="/wiki/Malt_whisky" title="Malt whisky">malt whisky</a> or <a href="/wiki/Grain_whisky" title="Grain whisky">grain whisky</a> (or a blend of the two) made in <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>. </p><p>The first known written mention of Scotch whisky is in the <a href="/wiki/Exchequer_Rolls_of_Scotland" title="Exchequer Rolls of Scotland">Exchequer Rolls of Scotland</a> of 1494.<sup id="cite_ref-ERoS_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ERoS-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All Scotch whisky was originally made from <a href="/wiki/Malt" title="Malt">malted</a> <a href="/wiki/Barley" title="Barley">barley</a>. Commercial distilleries began introducing whisky made from <a href="/wiki/Wheat" title="Wheat">wheat</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rye" title="Rye">rye</a> in the late 18th century.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacLean201010_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacLean201010-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of May 2024, there were 151 whisky <a href="/wiki/List_of_whisky_distilleries_in_Scotland" title="List of whisky distilleries in Scotland">distilleries</a> operating in Scotland,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> making Scotch whisky one of the most renowned <a href="/wiki/Geographical_indication" title="Geographical indication">geographical indications</a> worldwide.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>All Scotch whisky must be aged immediately after distillation in <a href="/wiki/Oak_barrel" class="mw-redirect" title="Oak barrel">oak barrels</a> for at least three years.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScotch_Whisky_Regulations2009_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEScotch_Whisky_Regulations2009-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScotch_Whisky_Association2009_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEScotch_Whisky_Association2009-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Any age statement on a bottle of Scotch whisky, expressed in numerical form, must reflect the age of the youngest whisky used to create that product. A whisky with an age statement is known as guaranteed-age whisky. A whisky without an age statement is known as a no age statement (NAS) whisky, the only guarantee being that all whisky contained in that bottle is at least three years old. The minimum bottling strength according to existing regulations is 40% alcohol by volume.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Scotch whisky is divided into five distinct categories: <a href="/wiki/Single_malt_Scotch" title="Single malt Scotch">single malt</a> Scotch whisky, <a href="/wiki/Grain_whisky" title="Grain whisky">single grain</a> Scotch whisky, <a href="/wiki/Blended_malt_whisky" title="Blended malt whisky">blended malt</a> Scotch whisky (formerly called "vatted malt" or "pure malt"), <a href="/wiki/Blended_whiskey" title="Blended whiskey">blended grain</a> Scotch whisky, and <a href="/wiki/Blended_whiskey" title="Blended whiskey">blended</a> Scotch whisky.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScotch_Whisky_Regulations2009_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEScotch_Whisky_Regulations2009-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScotch_Whisky_Association2009_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEScotch_Whisky_Association2009-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many Scotch whisky drinkers refer to a unit for drinking as a <a href="/wiki/Dram_(unit)" title="Dram (unit)">dram</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-OEDdram_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OEDdram-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The word <i>whisky</i> comes from the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic" title="Scottish Gaelic">Gaelic</a> <i>uisge beatha</i> or <i>usquebaugh '</i>water of life' (a <a href="/wiki/Calque" title="Calque">calque</a> of <a href="/wiki/Medieval_Latin" title="Medieval Latin">Medieval Latin</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Aqua_vitae" title="Aqua vitae">aqua vitae</a></i>; compare <a href="/wiki/Aquavit_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Aquavit (disambiguation)">aquavit</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scotch_whisky&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Greybeard_whisky.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Greybeard_whisky.JPG/170px-Greybeard_whisky.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Greybeard_whisky.JPG/255px-Greybeard_whisky.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Greybeard_whisky.JPG/340px-Greybeard_whisky.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2112" data-file-height="2816" /></a><figcaption>Greybeard Heather Dew Scotch whisky jug</figcaption></figure> <p>The earliest record of <a href="/wiki/Distillation" title="Distillation">distillation</a> in Scotland is in the <i><a href="/wiki/Exchequer_Rolls_of_Scotland" title="Exchequer Rolls of Scotland">Exchequer Rolls of Scotland</a></i> for 1494.<sup id="cite_ref-ERoS_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ERoS-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>To <a href="/wiki/Friar" title="Friar">Friar</a> John Cor, by order of the King, to make aqua vitae, VIII bolls of malt.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><i>Exchequer Rolls</i> of Scotland, 1 June 1494.</cite></div></blockquote> <p>The Exchequer Rolls' record crown income and expenditure and the quote records eight <a href="/wiki/Scottish_units#Dry_volume" title="Scottish units">bolls</a> of malt given to Friar John Cor to make aqua vitae over the previous year. The term <i lang="la"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/aqua_vitae#Latin" class="extiw" title="wikt:aqua vitae">aqua vitae</a></i> is <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> for "water of life" and was the general term for distilled <a href="/wiki/Liquor" title="Liquor">spirits</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MoMWoW_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MoMWoW-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This would be enough for 1,500 bottles, which suggests that distillation was well-established by the late 15th century.<sup id="cite_ref-swafaqs_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-swafaqs-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first known reference to a <a href="/wiki/Alembic" title="Alembic">still</a> for making "aquavite" in Scotland appears in the <a href="/wiki/Aberdeen" title="Aberdeen">Aberdeen</a> council registers,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in a case heard in 1505 by the town's bailies concerning the inheritance of goods belonging to a chaplain called Sir Andrew Gray, who died in 1504. Among his goods was recorded (in <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Scots_language" title="History of the Scots language">Middle Scots</a>) "ane stellatour for aquavite and ros wattir'".<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Aqua vitae (in the form of wine or spirits) was used when making gunpowder to moisten the slurry of saltpetre, charcoal and sulphur.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a drink, Scotch whisky was a favourite of King <a href="/wiki/James_IV_of_Scotland" title="James IV of Scotland">James IV of Scotland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-auto2_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto2-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Spirit production was first taxed by the Scottish parliament of January 1644, with an excise duty of 2s 8d imposed per <a href="/wiki/Joug" title="Joug">Scots pint</a>; instigating the illicit distilling of spirits within the country.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between the 1760s and the 1830s a substantial unlicensed trade originated from the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Highlands" title="Scottish Highlands">Highlands</a>, forming a significant part of the region's export economy. In 1782, more than 1,000 illegal stills were seized in the Highlands: these can only have been a fraction of those in operation. The <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Lowlands" title="Scottish Lowlands">Lowland</a> distillers, who had no opportunity to avoid taxation, complained that untaxed Highland whisky made up more than half the market. The heavy taxation during the <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a> gave the illicit trade a large advantage, but their product was also considered better quality, commanding a higher price in the Lowlands. This was due to the method of taxation: malt was subject to tax (at a rate that climbed substantially between the 1790s and 1822). The licensed distillers, therefore, used more raw grain in an effort to reduce their tax bill.<sup id="cite_ref-Devine_1994_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Devine_1994-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 119-134">: 119-134 </span></sup> </p><p>The Highland magistrates, themselves members of the landowning classes, had a lenient attitude to unlicensed distillers—all of whom would be tenants in the local area. They understood that the trade supported the rents paid. Imprisoned tenants would not be able to pay any rent.<sup id="cite_ref-Devine_1994_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Devine_1994-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 119-134">: 119-134 </span></sup> </p><p>In 1823, <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">Parliament</a> eased restrictions on licensed distilleries with the Excise Act, while at the same time making it harder for the illegal stills to operate. Magistrates found counsel for the Crown appearing in their courts, so forcing the maximum penalties to be applied, with some cases removed to the <a href="/wiki/Court_of_Exchequer_(Scotland)" title="Court of Exchequer (Scotland)">Court of Exchequer</a> in <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a> for tougher sentences. Highland landowners were now happy to remove tenants who were distillers in <a href="/wiki/Highland_Clearances" title="Highland Clearances">clearances</a> on their estates. These changes ushered in the modern era of Scotch production: in 1823 2,232,000 gallons of whisky had duty paid on it; in 1824 this increased to 4,350,000 gallons.<sup id="cite_ref-Devine_1994_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Devine_1994-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 119–134">: 119–134 </span></sup> </p><p>A farmer, George Smith, working under landlord the <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Gordon" title="Duke of Gordon">Duke of Gordon</a>, was the first person in Scotland<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to take out a licence for a distillery under the new Act, founding the <a href="/wiki/Glenlivet_Single_Malt" class="mw-redirect" title="Glenlivet Single Malt">Glenlivet Distillery</a> in 1824, to make single malt Scotch.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of the distilleries which started legal operations in the next few years included <a href="/wiki/Bowmore_distillery" title="Bowmore distillery">Bowmore,</a> <a href="/wiki/Strathisla_distillery" title="Strathisla distillery">Strathisla</a>, <a href="/wiki/Balblair_distillery" title="Balblair distillery">Balblair</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Glenmorangie_distillery" title="Glenmorangie distillery">Glenmorangie</a>; all remain in business today.<sup id="cite_ref-auto2_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto2-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Two events helped to increase whisky's popularity. The first was the introduction in 1831 of the <a href="/wiki/Column_still" title="Column still">column still</a>. <a href="/wiki/Aeneas_Coffey" title="Aeneas Coffey">Aeneas Coffey</a> patented a refined version of a design originally created by Robert Stein, based on early innovations by Anthony Perrier, for the new type of still<sup id="cite_ref-auto2_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto2-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which produced whisky much more efficiently than the traditional <a href="/wiki/Pot_still" title="Pot still">pot stills</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The column still allowed for <a href="/wiki/Continuous_distillation" title="Continuous distillation">continuous distillation</a>, without the need for cleaning after each batch was made. This process made manufacturing more affordable by performing the equivalent of multiple distillation steps.<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The new still dramatically increased production and the resultant whisky was less intense and smoother, making it more popular.<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Secondly, there was a shortage of wine and brandy in France, significant by 1880, due to <i><a href="/wiki/Phylloxera" title="Phylloxera">phylloxera</a></i>, a parasitic insect, destroying many vineyards, which led to a surge in demand for whisky. By the 1890s, almost forty new distilleries had opened in Scotland. The boom years continued until the industry was significantly affected by <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> and later, by the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a>; many of the companies closed and never re-opened.<sup id="cite_ref-auto2_18-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto2-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the 1970s there was a new boom in Scotch whisky production that led to an overproduction in the early 1980s.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Starting in 1981 whisky distilleries slashed production by a third and kept it low for a decade. During that time many distilleries closed. <a href="/wiki/Banff_distillery" title="Banff distillery">Banff</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brora_distillery" title="Brora distillery">Brora</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coleburn_distillery" title="Coleburn distillery">Coleburn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Convalmore_distillery" title="Convalmore distillery">Convalmore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dallas_Dhu_distillery" title="Dallas Dhu distillery">Dallas Dhu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glen_Albyn_distillery" title="Glen Albyn distillery">Glen Albyn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glenesk_distillery" title="Glenesk distillery">Glenesk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glen_Flagler_distillery" title="Glen Flagler distillery">Glen Flagler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glenlochy_distillery" title="Glenlochy distillery">Glenlochy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glen_Mhor_distillery" title="Glen Mhor distillery">Glen Mhor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glenugie_distillery" title="Glenugie distillery">Glenugie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glenury_distillery" title="Glenury distillery">Glenury</a>, <a href="/wiki/Millburn_distillery" title="Millburn distillery">Millburn</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Port_distillery" title="North Port distillery">North Port</a>, <a href="/wiki/Port_Ellen_distillery" title="Port Ellen distillery">Port Ellen</a> and <a href="/wiki/St_Magdalene_distillery" title="St Magdalene distillery">St Magdalene</a> were mothballed, shut down or demolished.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since the 2010s, Scotch whisky has entered a new phase of growth with new distilleries like <a href="/wiki/Ardnahoe_distillery" title="Ardnahoe distillery">Ardnahoe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Borders_distillery" title="Borders distillery">Borders</a> opening and older distilleries like <a href="/wiki/Brora_distillery" title="Brora distillery">Brora</a>, <a href="/wiki/Port_Ellen_distillery" title="Port Ellen distillery">Port Ellen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rosebank_distillery" title="Rosebank distillery">Rosebank</a> reopening.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Regulations_and_labelling">Regulations and labelling</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scotch_whisky&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Regulations and labelling"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legal_definition">Legal definition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scotch_whisky&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Legal definition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As of 23 November 2009<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Scotch_whisky&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, the <a href="/wiki/Scotch_Whisky_Regulations_2009" title="Scotch Whisky Regulations 2009">Scotch Whisky Regulations 2009</a> (SWR) define and regulate the production, labelling, packaging as well as advertising of Scotch whisky in the United Kingdom. They replace previous regulations that focused solely on production, including the Scotch Whisky Act 1988. </p><p>Since the previous act focused primarily on production standards, it was repealed and superseded by the 2009 Regulations. The SWR includes broader definitions and requirements for the crafting, bottling, labelling, branding, and selling of "Scotch Whisky". International trade agreements have the effect of making some provisions of the SWR apply in various other countries as well as in the UK. The SWR defines "Scotch whisky" as whisky that:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScotch_Whisky_Regulations2009_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEScotch_Whisky_Regulations2009-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScotch_Whisky_Association2009_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEScotch_Whisky_Association2009-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Is produced at a distillery in Scotland from water and malted barley (to which only whole grains of other cereals may be added) all of which have been: <ul><li>Processed at that distillery into a mash</li> <li>Converted at that distillery to a fermentable substrate only by endogenous enzyme systems</li> <li>Fermented at that distillery only by adding yeast</li></ul></li> <li>Has been distilled at an alcoholic strength by volume of less than 94.8% (190 <a href="/wiki/Alcohol_proof" title="Alcohol proof">US proof</a>)</li> <li>Is wholly matured in an excise warehouse in Scotland in oak <a href="/wiki/Cask" class="mw-redirect" title="Cask">casks</a> of a capacity not exceeding 700 <a href="/wiki/Litre" title="Litre">litres</a> (185 <a href="/wiki/US_gallon" class="mw-redirect" title="US gallon">US gal</a>; 154 <a href="/wiki/Imperial_gallon" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial gallon">imp gal</a>) for at least three years</li> <li>Retains the colour, aroma, and taste of the raw materials used in, and the method of, its production and maturation</li> <li>Contains no added substances, other than water and plain (E150A) <a href="/wiki/Caramel_color" title="Caramel color">caramel colouring</a></li> <li>Has a minimum alcoholic strength by volume of 40% (80 US proof)</li></ul> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Scotch_Whisky_Association" title="Scotch Whisky Association">Scotch Whisky Association</a> acts as the regulatory body that ensures that Scotch Whisky is produced in accordance with traditional practices, as well as ensuring a sustainable future for the Scotch Whisky industry by promoting sustainable production, global trade, and responsible consumption.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Labelling">Labelling</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scotch_whisky&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Labelling"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Balvenie_label.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Balvenie_label.jpg/220px-Balvenie_label.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="355" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Balvenie_label.jpg/330px-Balvenie_label.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Balvenie_label.jpg/440px-Balvenie_label.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1230" data-file-height="1985" /></a><figcaption>Scotch whisky labels declare their composition ("Single Malt Scotch Whisky" at top), and in the example above the single distillery of manufacture (The Balvenie). An age statement ("12 years") indicates the maturation time of the youngest whisky used in a particular bottling.</figcaption></figure> <p>A Scotch whisky label comprises several elements that indicate aspects of production, age, bottling, and ownership. Some of these elements are regulated by the SWR,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacLean201020_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacLean201020-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and some reflect tradition and marketing.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacLean201023_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacLean201023-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The spelling of the term <i>whisky</i> is often debated by journalists and consumers. <a href="/wiki/Scottish_whisky" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish whisky">Scottish</a>, <a href="/wiki/English_whisky" title="English whisky">English</a>, <a href="/wiki/Welsh_whisky" title="Welsh whisky">Welsh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australian_whisky" title="Australian whisky">Australian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Canadian_whisky" title="Canadian whisky">Canadian</a> whiskies use <i>whisky</i>, Irish whiskies use <i>whiskey</i>, while American and other styles vary in their spelling of the term.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJackson201022_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJackson201022-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The label always features a declaration of the malt or grain whiskies used. A <i>single</i> malt Scotch whisky is one that is entirely produced from malt in one distillery. One may also encounter the term "<a href="/wiki/Single_cask" class="mw-redirect" title="Single cask">single cask</a>", signifying the bottling comes entirely from one cask.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJackson201022_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJackson201022-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term "blended malt" signifies that single malt whisky from different distilleries is blended in the bottle.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJackson201023_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJackson201023-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Cardhu" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardhu">Cardhu</a> distillery also began using the term "pure malt" for the same purpose, causing a controversy in the process over clarity in labelling<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>—the <a href="/wiki/Glenfiddich" class="mw-redirect" title="Glenfiddich">Glenfiddich</a> distillery was using the term to describe some single malt bottlings. As a result, the Scotch Whisky Association declared that a mixture of single malt whiskies must be labelled a "blended malt". The use of the former terms "vatted malt" and "pure malt" is prohibited. The term "blended malt" is still debated, as some bottlers maintain that consumers confuse the term with "blended Scotch whisky", which contains some proportion of grain whisky.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJackson2010419–420_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJackson2010419–420-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The brand name featured on the label is usually the same as the distillery name (for example, the <a href="/wiki/Talisker_distillery" title="Talisker distillery">Talisker distillery</a> labels its whiskies with the Talisker name). Indeed, the SWR prohibits bottlers from using a distillery name when the whisky was not made there. A bottler's name may also be listed, sometimes independent of the distillery. In addition to requiring that Scotch whisky be distilled in Scotland, the SWR requires that it also be bottled and labelled in Scotland. Labels may also indicate the region of the distillery (for example, <a href="/wiki/Islay_whisky" class="mw-redirect" title="Islay whisky">Islay</a> or <a href="/wiki/Speyside_single_malt" title="Speyside single malt">Speyside</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacLean201021_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacLean201021-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Alcoholic strength is expressed on the label by Alcohol By Volume (ABV) or sometimes simply "Vol".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacLean201021_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacLean201021-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Typically, bottled whisky is between 40% and 46% ABV.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJackson201025_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJackson201025-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Whisky is considerably stronger when first emerging from the cask—normally 60–63% ABV.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacLean201021_38-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacLean201021-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJackson201025_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJackson201025-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Water is then added to create the desired bottling strength. If the whisky is not diluted before bottling, it can be labelled as <a href="/wiki/Cask_strength" title="Cask strength">cask strength</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJackson201025_39-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJackson201025-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A whisky's age may be listed on the bottle providing a guarantee of the youngest whisky used. An age statement on the bottle, in the form of a number, must reflect the age of the youngest whisky used to produce that product. A whisky with an age statement is known as guaranteed age whisky.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHansell2010_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHansell2010-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Scotch whisky without an age statement may, by law, be as young as three years old.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScotch_Whisky_Regulations2009_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEScotch_Whisky_Regulations2009-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the early 21st century, such "No age statement" whiskies have become more common, as distilleries respond to the depletion of aged stocks caused by improved sales.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A label may carry a distillation date or a bottling date. Whisky does not mature once bottled, so if no age statement is provided, one may calculate the age of the whisky if both the distillation date and bottling date are given.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacLean201021_38-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacLean201021-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Labels may also carry various declarations of filtration techniques or final maturation processes. A Scotch whisky labelled as "natural" or "non-chill-filtered" has not been through a filtration process during bottling that removes compounds that some consumers see as desirable. Whisky is aged in various types of casks—and often in used <a href="/wiki/Port_wine" title="Port wine">port</a> or <a href="/wiki/Sherry" title="Sherry">sherry</a> casks—during distinct portions of the maturation process, and will take on characteristics, flavour, and aromas from such casks. Special casks are sometimes used at the end of the maturation process, and such whiskies may be labelled as "wood finished", "sherry/port finished", and so on.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacLean201021_38-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacLean201021-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economic_effects">Economic effects</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scotch_whisky&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Economic effects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Scotland's identity and heritage are deeply intertwined with Scotch Whisky, a cornerstone of the country's economy exported to nearly 180 markets.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Scotch Whisky Association estimated that Scotland's whisky industry supported 40,000 jobs and accounted for £4.37 billion in exports in 2017. Of that total, single malt Scotch accounted for £1.17 billion in exports, a 14% increase over 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The drink is exported to nearly 180 markets and, in 2022, its exports were valued at over £6 billion for the first time. </p><p>The industry's contribution to the economy of the UK was estimated as £5.5 billion in 2018; the industry provided £3.8 billion in direct GVA (gross value added) to Scotland. Whisky tourism has also become significant and accounts for £68.3 million per year. One factor negatively affected sales, an extra 3.9% duty on spirits imposed by the UK in 2017. (The effect of the 25% increase in tariffs imposed by the U.S. in October 2019 would not be apparent until 2020.) Nonetheless, by year-end 2017, exports had reached a record-breaking amount.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In November 2019, the Association announced that the government of the UK had agreed to consider revising the alcohol taxation system, hopefully producing a new plan that was simplified and "fairer".<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Exports in 2018 again increased 7.8% by value, and 3.6% in the number of bottles, in spite of the duty imposed in 2017; exports grew to a record level, £4.7 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The US imported Scotch whisky with a value of just over £1 billion while the European Union was the second-largest importer, taking 30% of global value. This was a boom year with a record high in exports, but the <a href="/wiki/Scotch_Whisky_Association" title="Scotch Whisky Association">Scotch Whisky Association</a> expressed concern for the future, particularly "the challenges posed by Brexit and by tensions in the global trading system".<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Scotch whisky tourism has developed around the industry, with distilleries being the third most visited attraction in Scotland; roughly 2 million visits were recorded in 2018. Some 68 distilleries operate visitors' centres in Scotland and another eight accept visits by appointment. Hotels, restaurants, and other facilities are also impacted by the tourism phenomenon. Tourism has had an especially visible impact on the economy in some remote rural areas, according to <a href="/wiki/Fiona_Hyslop" title="Fiona Hyslop">Fiona Hyslop</a> MSP, Cabinet Secretary for Culture, Tourism and External Affairs. "The Scottish Government is committed to working with partners like the Scotch Whisky Association to increase our tourism offer and encourage more people to visit our distilleries," the Secretary said.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>, exports of many food and drink products from the UK declined significantly,<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and that included Scotch whisky. Distillers were required to close for some time and the hospitality industry worldwide experienced a major slump.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to news reports in February 2021, the Scotch whisky sector had experienced £1.1 billion in lost sales. Exports to the US were also affected by the 25% tariff that had been imposed. Scotch whisky exports to the US during 2020 "fell by 32%" from the previous year. Worldwide exports fell in 70% of Scotch whisky's global markets.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a> headline on 12 February 2021 summarized the situation: "Scotch whisky exports slump to 'lowest in a decade<span style="padding-right:.15em;">'</span>".<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ownership_of_distilleries">Ownership of distilleries</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scotch_whisky&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Ownership of distilleries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A 2016 report stated that only 20% of the whisky was made by companies owned in Scotland. Distilleries owned by <a href="/wiki/Diageo" title="Diageo">Diageo</a>, a London-based company, produce 40% of all Scotch whisky, with over 24 brands, such as <a href="/wiki/Johnnie_Walker" title="Johnnie Walker">Johnnie Walker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Justerini_%26_Brooks" title="Justerini & Brooks">J&B</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vat_69" title="Vat 69">Vat 69</a>. Another 20% of the product is made by distillers owned by <a href="/wiki/Pernod_Ricard" title="Pernod Ricard">Pernod Ricard</a> of <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, including brands such as <a href="/wiki/Ballantine%27s" title="Ballantine's">Ballantine's</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chivas_Regal" title="Chivas Regal">Chivas Regal</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Glenlivet_distillery" title="The Glenlivet distillery">Glenlivet</a> . There are also 12% made by smaller distillers that are owned by foreign companies, such as <a href="/wiki/Cutty_Sark_(whisky)" title="Cutty Sark (whisky)">Cutty Sark</a> and <a href="/wiki/Label_5" title="Label 5">Label 5</a> owned by <a href="/wiki/La_Martiniquaise" title="La Martiniquaise">La Martiniquaise</a> of <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dewar%27s" title="Dewar's">Dewar's</a> and <a href="/wiki/William_Lawson%27s" title="William Lawson's">William Lawson's</a> owned by <a href="/wiki/Bacardi" title="Bacardi">Bacardi Limited</a> of <a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</a> and <a href="/wiki/BenRiach_distillery" title="BenRiach distillery">BenRiach</a> whose parent is the <a href="/wiki/Brown%E2%80%93Forman" title="Brown–Forman">Brown–Forman Corporation</a> based in <a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>. Nonetheless, Scotch whisky is produced according to the current regulations, as to ageing, production, and so on, ensuring that it remains Scottish.<sup id="cite_ref-auto2_18-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto2-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Independents owned by Scots companies make a substantial amount of Scotch whisky, with the largest, <a href="/wiki/William_Grant_%26_Sons" title="William Grant & Sons">William Grant & Sons</a>, producing 8%, or about 7.6 million cases per year. Its brands include <a href="/wiki/Balvenie_distillery" title="Balvenie distillery">Balvenie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glenfiddich_distillery" title="Glenfiddich distillery">Glenfiddich</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Grant%27s" title="Grant's">Grant's</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-top15_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-top15-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Glenfiddich is the best-selling single malt Scotch in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Roughly 14 million bottles of Glenfiddich are sold annually.<sup id="cite_ref-top15_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-top15-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Independent_bottlers">Independent bottlers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scotch_whisky&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Independent bottlers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Independent_bottler" title="Independent bottler">Independent bottler</a></div><p>Most malt distilleries sell a significant amount of whisky by the cask for blending, and sometimes to private buyers as well. Whisky from such casks is sometimes bottled as a single malt by <i>independent bottling</i> firms such as <a href="/wiki/Duncan_Taylor_(company)" title="Duncan Taylor (company)">Duncan Taylor</a>, Master of Malt,<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Gordon_%26_MacPhail" title="Gordon & MacPhail">Gordon & MacPhail</a>, Cadenhead's, <a href="/wiki/The_Scotch_Malt_Whisky_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="The Scotch Malt Whisky Society">The Scotch Malt Whisky Society</a>, <a href="/wiki/Murray_McDavid" title="Murray McDavid">Murray McDavid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Berry_Bros._%26_Rudd" title="Berry Bros. & Rudd">Berry Bros. & Rudd</a>, <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Laing_%26_Co" title="Douglas Laing & Co">Douglas Laing</a>, Adelphi and others.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These are usually labelled with the distillery's name, but not using the distillery's trademarked logos or typefaces. An "official bottling" (or "proprietary bottling"), by comparison, is from the distillery (or its owner). Many independent bottlings are from single casks, and they may sometimes be very different from an official bottling.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For a variety of reasons, some independent bottlers do not identify which distillery produced the whisky in the bottle. Mostly this will be at the request of the whisky distiller as they are unable to regulate the quality of the whisky sold. Some distilleries, to prevent third-party bottlers from naming them on the bottle, add a small amount of whisky from a different distillery, a technique called 'tea-spooning' which then precludes the sale of the whisky as from a specific distillery, or as a single malt; the addition of any whisky from a second distillery is by regulation a blended malt (which will also allow it to be exported in bulk form, unlike single malts which may only be exported bottled ready for sale).<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Instead the bottler may identify only the general geographical area of the source, or simply market the product using their own brand name without identifying their source. This may, in some cases, give the independent bottling company the flexibility to purchase from multiple distillers without changing their labels. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types">Types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scotch_whisky&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Scotch_whiskies.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Scotch_whiskies.jpg/220px-Scotch_whiskies.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Scotch_whiskies.jpg/330px-Scotch_whiskies.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Scotch_whiskies.jpg/440px-Scotch_whiskies.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3543" data-file-height="2169" /></a><figcaption>Various Scotch whiskies</figcaption></figure> <p>There are two basic types of Scotch whisky, from which all blends are made: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Single_malt_Scotch" title="Single malt Scotch">Single malt Scotch</a> whisky must have been distilled at a single distillery as a batch process using a <a href="/wiki/Pot_still" title="Pot still">pot still</a> distillation process and made from a <a href="/wiki/Mash_ingredients" title="Mash ingredients">mash</a> of 100% <a href="/wiki/Malt" title="Malt">malted</a> <a href="/wiki/Barley" title="Barley">barley</a>. Single malt means that the whisky has not been blended elsewhere with whisky from other distilleries. A single malt Scotch must be distilled in Scotland and matured in <a href="/wiki/Oak" title="Oak">oak</a> casks in Scotland for at least three years, although most single malts are matured longer and also must be bottled in Scotland.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grain_whisky" title="Grain whisky">Single grain Scotch</a> whisky is a Scotch whisky distilled at a single distillery but, in addition to water and malted barley, may involve whole grains of other malted or unmalted cereals. Grain whisky can be distilled continuously in continuous stills or <a href="/wiki/Column_still" title="Column still">column stills</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Single grain whisky can essentially be seen as any spirit from one distillery which qualifies as whisky but does not qualify as malt whisky. "Single grain" does not mean that only a single type of grain was used to produce the whisky; rather, the adjective "single" refers only to the use of a single <i>distillery</i> (and making a "single grain" generally requires using a <i>mixture</i> of grains, as barley is a type of grain and some malted barley must be used in all Scotch whisky - although a single grain whisky can be made entirely from malted barley and continuously distilled).</li></ul> <p>Excluded from the definition of "single malt Scotch whisky" or "single grain Scotch whisky" is any spirit that qualifies as a blended Scotch whisky. This exclusion is to ensure that a blended Scotch whisky produced from single malt(s) and single grain(s) distilled at the same distillery does not also qualify as single malt Scotch whisky or single grain Scotch whisky. Nearly 90% of the bottles of Scotch sold per year are blended whiskies.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_62-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Three types of blends are defined for Scotch whisky: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blended_malt_whisky" title="Blended malt whisky">Blended malt</a> Scotch whisky means a blend of two or more single malt Scotch whiskies from different distilleries.</li> <li>Blended grain Scotch whisky means a blend of two or more single grain Scotch whiskies from different distilleries.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blended_whiskey" title="Blended whiskey">Blended</a> Scotch whisky means a blend of one or more single malt Scotch whiskies with one or more single grain Scotch whiskies.</li></ul> <p>The five Scotch whisky definitions are structured in such a way that the categories are mutually exclusive. The 2009 regulations changed the formal definition of blended Scotch whisky to achieve this result, but in a way that reflected traditional and current practice: before the 2009 SWR, any combination of Scotch whiskies qualified as a blended Scotch whisky, including for example a blend of single malt Scotch whiskies. </p><p>As was the case under the Scotch Whisky Act 1988, regulation 5 of the SWR 2009 stipulates that the only whisky that may be manufactured in Scotland is Scotch whisky. The definition of <i>manufacture</i> is "keeping for the purpose of maturation; and keeping, or using, for the purpose of blending, except for domestic blending for domestic consumption". This provision prevents the existence of two "grades" of whisky originating from Scotland, one "Scotch whisky" and the other, a "whisky product of Scotland" that complies with the generic EU standard for whisky. According to the Scotch Whisky Association, allowing non-Scotch whisky production in Scotland would make it difficult to protect Scotch whisky as a distinctive product.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScotch_Whisky_Association2009_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEScotch_Whisky_Association2009-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The SWR regulation also states that no additives may be used except for plain (E150A) caramel colouring.<sup id="cite_ref-GGazetteGuide_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GGazetteGuide-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Single_malt">Single malt</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scotch_whisky&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Single malt"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>To qualify for this category the Scotch whisky must be made in one distillery, in a <a href="/wiki/Pot_still" title="Pot still">pot still</a> by batch distillation, using only water and malted barley.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As with any other Scotch whisky, the Scotch Whisky Regulations of 2009 also require single malt Scotch to be made completely and bottled in Scotland and aged for at least three years. Most are aged longer.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto_62-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another term is sometimes seen, called "double wood" or "triple wood", sometimes incorrectly referred to as "double malt" or "triple malt". These indicate that the whisky was aged in two or three types of casks. Hence, if the whisky otherwise meets the criteria of single malt, it still falls into the single malt category even if more than one type of cask was used for ageing.<sup id="cite_ref-GGazetteGuide_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GGazetteGuide-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Examples include The Balvenie 12 Year DoubleWood and Laphroaig Triple Wood. </p><p>Another nuance is that Lowland Scotch malts use a triple distillation just like <a href="/wiki/Irish_whiskey" title="Irish whiskey">Irish whiskey</a>, breaking away from the general rule that all Scotch is double distilled.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Single_grain">Single grain</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scotch_whisky&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Single grain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Single grain whisky is made with water and malted barley but the distillery then adds other grains or cereals, <a href="/wiki/Wheat" title="Wheat">wheat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maize" title="Maize">corn</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Rye" title="Rye">rye</a>, for example. From that moment on, it can no longer be called single malt. This type of product must be from a single distillery and is often used in making blended Scotch.<sup id="cite_ref-GGazetteGuide_64-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GGazetteGuide-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Single grain whiskies are usually not distilled in pot stills but with <a href="/wiki/Column_still" title="Column still">column stills</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Blended_malt">Blended malt</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scotch_whisky&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Blended malt"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Blended_malt_whisky" title="Blended malt whisky">Blended malt whisky</a>, formerly called <i>vatted malt</i> or <i>pure malt</i> (terms that are now prohibited in the SWR 2009), is one of the least common types of Scotch: a blend of single malts from more than one distillery (possibly with differing ages). </p><p>Blended malts contain only single malt whiskies from two or more distilleries.<sup id="cite_ref-GGazetteGuide_64-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GGazetteGuide-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This type must contain no grain whiskies and is distinguished by the absence of the word "single" on the bottle. The age of the vat is that of the youngest of the original ingredients. For example, a blended malt marked "8 years old" may include older whiskies, with the youngest constituent being eight years old. Johnnie Walker Green Label and <a href="/wiki/Monkey_Shoulder" title="Monkey Shoulder">Monkey Shoulder</a> are examples of blended malt whisky. Starting from November 2011, no Scotch whisky could be labelled as a vatted malt or pure malt, the SWR requiring them to be labelled blended malt instead.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScotch_Whisky_Association2009Chapter_11_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEScotch_Whisky_Association2009Chapter_11-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Blended_grain">Blended grain</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scotch_whisky&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Blended grain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term blended grain Scotch refers to whisky that contains at least two single grain Scotch whiskies from at least two distilleries, combined to create one batch of the product.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Blended">Blended</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scotch_whisky&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Blended"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Johnnie_Walker_Blends_Lineup.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Johnnie_Walker_Blends_Lineup.jpg/220px-Johnnie_Walker_Blends_Lineup.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Johnnie_Walker_Blends_Lineup.jpg/330px-Johnnie_Walker_Blends_Lineup.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Johnnie_Walker_Blends_Lineup.jpg/440px-Johnnie_Walker_Blends_Lineup.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4912" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Johnnie_Walker" title="Johnnie Walker">Johnnie Walker</a> produces a line of blended whiskies.</figcaption></figure> <p>Blended Scotch whisky constitutes about 90% of the whisky produced in Scotland.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Blended Scotch whiskies contain both malt whisky and grain whisky. Producers combine the various malts and grain whiskies to produce a consistent brand style. Notable blended Scotch whisky brands include <a href="/wiki/Ballantine%27s" title="Ballantine's">Ballantine's</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bell%27s_whisky" title="Bell's whisky">Bell's</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chivas_Regal" title="Chivas Regal">Chivas Regal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cutty_Sark_(whisky)" title="Cutty Sark (whisky)">Cutty Sark</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dewar%27s" title="Dewar's">Dewar's</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grant%27s" title="Grant's">Grant's</a>, <a href="/wiki/Justerini_%26_Brooks_Whisky" class="mw-redirect" title="Justerini & Brooks Whisky">J&B</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johnnie_Walker" title="Johnnie Walker">Johnnie Walker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Teacher%27s_Highland_Cream" title="Teacher's Highland Cream">Teacher's Highland Cream</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Famous_Grouse" title="The Famous Grouse">The Famous Grouse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vat_69" title="Vat 69">Vat 69</a>, <a href="/wiki/Whyte_and_Mackay" class="mw-redirect" title="Whyte and Mackay">Whyte and Mackay</a> and <a href="/wiki/William_Lawson%27s" title="William Lawson's">William Lawson's</a>. Most Blended Scotch Whiskies are made from the produce of at least two distilleries as the majority of distilleries produce only malt <i>or</i> grain whiskies; however a few distilleries such as <a href="/wiki/Loch_Lomond_Distillery" class="mw-redirect" title="Loch Lomond Distillery">Loch Lomond</a> produce both malt and grain whisky at the same site. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Regions">Regions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scotch_whisky&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Regions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Scotch_regions.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Scotch_regions.svg/220px-Scotch_regions.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Scotch_regions.svg/330px-Scotch_regions.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Scotch_regions.svg/440px-Scotch_regions.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></a><figcaption>The regions of Scotch whisky</figcaption></figure> <p>Scotland was traditionally divided into four whisky regions: Campbeltown, The Highlands, The Isle of Islay and The Lowlands.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to the large number of distilleries found there, the Speyside area became the fifth, recognised by the <a href="/wiki/Scotch_Whisky_Association" title="Scotch Whisky Association">Scotch Whisky Association</a> (SWA) as a distinct region in 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-SWAMAP_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SWAMAP-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The whisky-producing islands other than Islay are not recognised as a distinct region by the SWA, which groups them into the Highlands region.<sup id="cite_ref-SWAMAP_73-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SWAMAP-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Campbeltown_single_malts" title="Campbeltown single malts">Campbeltown</a>, a small western coastal town, was once home to over 30 distilleries but now has only three in operation: <a href="/wiki/Glen_Scotia_distillery" title="Glen Scotia distillery">Glen Scotia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glengyle_distillery" title="Glengyle distillery">Glengyle</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Springbank_distillery" title="Springbank distillery">Springbank</a>. Characteristics vary, but in general, the whiskies are described as "fruity, peaty, sweet, smoky" by the national tourist board; another source published by a marketing company also mentions the "flavor of wet dog, also called wet wool".<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NapierMarketingGroup_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NapierMarketingGroup-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highland_single_malts" title="Highland single malts">The Highlands</a>: The Highlands is by far the largest region in Scotland both in area and in whisky production. This massive area has over 30 distilleries on the mainland. Region characteristics: "fruity, sweet, spicy, malty", according to the national tourist board.<sup id="cite_ref-auto3_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto3-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NapierMarketingGroup_75-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NapierMarketingGroup-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the Islands sub-region is included, the total number of distilleries is 47.<sup id="cite_ref-auto3_76-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto3-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>Some Highland distilleries: <a href="/wiki/Fettercairn_distillery" title="Fettercairn distillery">Fettercairn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aberfeldy_distillery" title="Aberfeldy distillery">Aberfeldy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edradour_distillery" title="Edradour distillery">Edradour</a>, <a href="/wiki/Balblair_distillery" title="Balblair distillery">Balblair</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ben_Nevis_distillery" title="Ben Nevis distillery">Ben Nevis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dalmore_distillery" title="Dalmore distillery">Dalmore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glen_Ord_Distillery" title="Glen Ord Distillery">Glen Ord</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glenmorangie_distillery" title="Glenmorangie distillery">Glenmorangie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oban_distillery" title="Oban distillery">Oban</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glendronach_distillery" title="Glendronach distillery">Glendronach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Old_Pulteney_distillery" title="Old Pulteney distillery">Old Pulteney</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tullibardine_distillery" title="Tullibardine distillery">Tullibardine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tomatin_distillery" title="Tomatin distillery">Tomatin</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Island_single_malt" title="Island single malt">The Islands</a>, an unrecognised sub-region of the Highlands, includes all of the whisky-producing islands other than Islay: <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Arran" title="Isle of Arran">Arran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jura,_Scotland" title="Jura, Scotland">Jura</a>, <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Mull" title="Isle of Mull">Mull</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orkney_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Orkney Islands">Orkney</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raasay" title="Raasay">Raasay</a> and <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Skye" title="Isle of Skye">Skye</a>: with their respective distilleries: <a href="/wiki/Arran_distillery" title="Arran distillery">Arran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jura_distillery" title="Jura distillery">Jura</a>, <a href="/wiki/Highland_Park_distillery" title="Highland Park distillery">Highland Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scapa_distillery" title="Scapa distillery">Scapa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Raasay_distillery" title="Isle of Raasay distillery">Raasay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Talisker_distillery" title="Talisker distillery">Talisker</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tobermory_distillery" title="Tobermory distillery">Tobermory</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islay_single_malts" title="Islay single malts">Islay</a> <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/aɪ/: 'i' in 'tide'">aɪ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>/</a></span></span>: has nine producing distilleries:<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ardbeg_distillery" title="Ardbeg distillery">Ardbeg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ardnahoe_distillery" title="Ardnahoe distillery">Ardnahoe</a> (the most recent), <a href="/wiki/Bowmore_distillery" title="Bowmore distillery">Bowmore</a> (the oldest, having opened in 1779), <a href="/wiki/Bruichladdich_distillery" title="Bruichladdich distillery">Bruichladdich</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bunnahabhain_distillery" title="Bunnahabhain distillery">Bunnahabhain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caol_Ila_distillery" title="Caol Ila distillery">Caol Ila</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kilchoman_distillery" title="Kilchoman distillery">Kilchoman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lagavulin_distillery" title="Lagavulin distillery">Lagavulin</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Laphroaig_distillery" title="Laphroaig distillery">Laphroaig</a>. Region Characteristics: distilleries in the south make whisky which is "medium-bodied ... saturated with peat-smoke, brine and iodine" because they use malt that is heavy with peat as well as peaty water. Whisky from the northern area is milder because it is made using spring water for a "lighter flavoured, mossy (rather than peaty), with some seaweed, some nuts..." characteristic.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The national tourist board website says that the single malts from Islay vary by distillery, from "robust and smoky" to "lighter and sweeter".<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowland_single_malts" title="Lowland single malts">The Lowlands</a>: According to <i>Visit Scotland</i>, the website of the national tourist board, this district covers "much of the Central Belt and the South of Scotland including <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a> & The Lothians, Glasgow & The Clyde Valley, the Kingdom of Fife, Ayrshire, Dumfries & Galloway and the Scottish Borders".<sup id="cite_ref-VisitLowlands_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VisitLowlands-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>There were 18 Lowlands distilleries in the region as of 2019<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Scotch_whisky&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, according to the website of the national tourist board, including some that opened quite recently.<sup id="cite_ref-VisitLowlands_82-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VisitLowlands-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These include well-known companies such as <a href="/wiki/Annandale_distillery" title="Annandale distillery">Annandale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Auchentoshan_distillery" title="Auchentoshan distillery">Auchentoshan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bladnoch_distillery" title="Bladnoch distillery">Bladnoch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glenkinchie_distillery" title="Glenkinchie distillery">Glenkinchie</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ailsa_Bay_distillery" title="Ailsa Bay distillery">Ailsa Bay</a> in the site of the <a href="/wiki/Girvan_distillery" title="Girvan distillery">Girvan distillery</a> as well as <a href="/wiki/Daftmill_distillery" title="Daftmill distillery">Daftmill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eden_Mill_St_Andrews" class="mw-redirect" title="Eden Mill St Andrews">Eden Mill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingsbarns_distillery" title="Kingsbarns distillery">Kingsbarns</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rosebank_distillery" title="Rosebank distillery">Rosebank</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SWAMAP_73-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SWAMAP-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Region characteristics: soft and smooth, consisting of a floral nose with a sweet finish.<sup id="cite_ref-flaviar_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-flaviar-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Single malts from this area tend to be "lighter, sweet and [with] floral tones".<sup id="cite_ref-VisitLowlands_82-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VisitLowlands-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speyside_single_malt" title="Speyside single malt">Speyside</a>: Speyside gets its name from the <a href="/wiki/River_Spey" title="River Spey">River Spey</a>, which cuts through this region and provides water to many of the distilleries. <ul><li>Encompassing the area surrounding the River Spey in north-east Scotland, once considered part of the Highlands, the region has approximately 50 distilleries within its geographic boundaries and has officially been recognised as a region, distinct from the Highlands, since 2014. According to the national tourist board, Speyside includes the area between the Highlands to the west and Aberdeenshire in the east, extending north from the <a href="/wiki/Cairngorms_National_Park" title="Cairngorms National Park">Cairngorms National Park</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-auto4_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto4-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to one source, the top five in 2019 were <a href="/wiki/Aberlour_distillery" title="Aberlour distillery">Aberlour</a>, <a href="/wiki/Balvenie_distillery" title="Balvenie distillery">Balvenie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glenfarclas_distillery" title="Glenfarclas distillery">Glenfarclas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glenfiddich_distillery" title="Glenfiddich distillery">Glenfiddich</a>, and <a href="/wiki/The_Macallan_distillery" title="The Macallan distillery">The Macallan</a>. Region characteristics: vary greatly from "rich and textured to fragrantly floral"; in general, "sweet, "caramel", "fruity" and "spicy", according to the national tourist board.<sup id="cite_ref-auto4_88-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto4-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to a marketing agency, the single malts from Speyside are known for a smokiness and complexity.<sup id="cite_ref-NapierMarketingGroup_75-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NapierMarketingGroup-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>It has the largest number of distilleries of any region, which includes: <a href="/wiki/Aberlour_distillery" title="Aberlour distillery">Aberlour</a>, <a href="/wiki/Balvenie_distillery" title="Balvenie distillery">Balvenie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cardhu_distillery" title="Cardhu distillery">Cardhu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cragganmore_distillery" title="Cragganmore distillery">Cragganmore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dalwhinnie_distillery" title="Dalwhinnie distillery">Dalwhinnie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glenfarclas_distillery" title="Glenfarclas distillery">Glenfarclas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glenglassaugh_distillery" title="Glenglassaugh distillery">Glenglassaugh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glenfiddich_distillery" title="Glenfiddich distillery">Glenfiddich</a>, <a href="/wiki/Speyburn_distillery" title="Speyburn distillery">Speyburn</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Glenlivet_distillery" title="The Glenlivet distillery">The Glenlivet</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Glenrothes_distillery" title="The Glenrothes distillery">The Glenrothes</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Macallan_distillery" title="The Macallan distillery">The Macallan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScotch_Whisky_Association2009_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEScotch_Whisky_Association2009-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Due to the way that the regions are specified, Speyside is wholly within the Highland region and thus whiskies produced in Speyside may legally be described as coming from either region; for example Glenfarclas generally labels their whiskies as Highland Single Malts.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ul> <p>Although only five regions are specified, any Scottish locale may be used to describe a whisky if it is distilled entirely within that place; for example, a single malt whisky distilled on <a href="/wiki/Orkney" title="Orkney">Orkney</a> could be described as <i>Orkney Single Malt Scotch Whisky</i><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScotch_Whisky_Association2009_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEScotch_Whisky_Association2009-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> instead of as an Island whisky. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sensory_characteristics">Sensory characteristics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scotch_whisky&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Sensory characteristics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flavour_and_aroma">Flavour and aroma</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scotch_whisky&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Flavour and aroma"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dozens of compounds contribute to Scotch whisky flavour and aroma characteristics, including <a href="/wiki/Volatile_organic_compound" title="Volatile organic compound">volatile</a> alcohol <a href="/wiki/Congener_(beverages)" title="Congener (beverages)">congeners</a> (also called <i>higher oils</i>) formed during fermentation, such as <a href="/wiki/Acetaldehyde" title="Acetaldehyde">acetaldehyde</a>, <a href="/wiki/Methanol" title="Methanol">methanol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ethyl_acetate" title="Ethyl acetate">ethyl acetate</a>, <a href="/wiki/N-propanol" class="mw-redirect" title="N-propanol">n-propanol</a> and <a href="/wiki/Isobutanol" title="Isobutanol">isobutanol</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Smith_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other flavour and aroma compounds include <a href="/wiki/Vanillic_acid" title="Vanillic acid">vanillic acid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syringic_acid" title="Syringic acid">syringic acid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vanillin" title="Vanillin">vanillin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syringaldehyde" title="Syringaldehyde">syringaldehyde</a>, <a href="/wiki/Furfural" title="Furfural">furfural</a>, phenyl ethanol and <a href="/wiki/Acetic_acid" title="Acetic acid">acetic acid</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Smith_90-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lee_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lee-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One analysis established 13 distinct flavour characteristics dependent on individual compounds, including sour, sweet, grainy and <a href="/wiki/Flower" title="Flower">floral</a> as major <a href="/wiki/Flavoring#Flavorants_or_flavorings" title="Flavoring">flavour perceptions</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Lee_91-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lee-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some distilleries use a <a href="/wiki/Peat" title="Peat">peat</a> fire to dry the barley for some of their products before grinding it and making the mash.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_62-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Peat smoke contributes <a href="/wiki/Polyphenol" title="Polyphenol">phenolic compounds</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Guaiacol" title="Guaiacol">guaiacol</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Lee_91-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lee-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that give aromas similar to smoke. The <a href="/wiki/Maillard_reaction" title="Maillard reaction">Maillard browning process</a> of the residual sugars in the <a href="/wiki/Mashing" title="Mashing">mashing</a> process, particularly through formation of 2-furanmethanol and <a href="/wiki/Pyrazine" title="Pyrazine">pyrazines</a> imparting nutty or cereal characteristics contributes to the baked bread notes in the flavour and aroma profile.<sup id="cite_ref-Boothroyd_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boothroyd-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Maturation during multi-year <a href="/wiki/Cask" class="mw-redirect" title="Cask">casking</a><sup id="cite_ref-Lee_91-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lee-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in <a href="/wiki/Oak" title="Oak">oak</a> barrels mostly previously used for <a href="/wiki/Bourbon_whiskey" title="Bourbon whiskey">bourbon whiskey</a>, Sherry, Wines, Fortified Wine, (including Port and Madeira) Rum and other spirit production, has the largest impact on the flavour of the whisky. Some distilleries use Virgin Oak casks as used casks are becoming increasingly harder to source (particularly authentic sherry casks due to the downturn in sherry consumption plus the laws introduced in 1986 regarding bottling Spanish wines exclusively in Spain)<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Screening_for_potential_adulteration">Screening for potential adulteration</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scotch_whisky&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Screening for potential adulteration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Refilling and fabrication or tampering of branded Scotch whiskies are types of Scotch whisky <a href="/wiki/Adulteration" class="mw-redirect" title="Adulteration">adulteration</a> that diminishes brand integrity, consumer confidence, and profitability in the Scotch industry.<sup id="cite_ref-Smith_90-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Deviation from normal concentrations of major constituents, such as alcohol congeners, provides a precise, quantitative method for determining authenticity of Scotch whiskies.<sup id="cite_ref-Smith_90-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over 100 compounds can be detected during <a href="/wiki/Counterfeit" title="Counterfeit">counterfeit</a> analysis, including phenolics and <a href="/wiki/Terpene" title="Terpene">terpenes</a> which may vary in concentration by different geographic origins, the barley used in the fermentation mash, or the oak cask used during ageing.<sup id="cite_ref-vosloo_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vosloo-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Typical <a href="/wiki/High-throughput_screening" title="High-throughput screening">high-throughput</a> instruments used in counterfeit detection are <a href="/wiki/Liquid_chromatography" class="mw-redirect" title="Liquid chromatography">liquid chromatography</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mass_spectrometry" title="Mass spectrometry">mass spectrometry</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Smith_90-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-vosloo_94-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vosloo-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scotch_whisky&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 165px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Scotch_Whisky_Heritage_Center_of_Edinburgh.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Scotch Whisky Heritage Center"><img alt="Scotch Whisky Heritage Center" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Scotch_Whisky_Heritage_Center_of_Edinburgh.jpg/160px-Scotch_Whisky_Heritage_Center_of_Edinburgh.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Scotch_Whisky_Heritage_Center_of_Edinburgh.jpg/240px-Scotch_Whisky_Heritage_Center_of_Edinburgh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Scotch_Whisky_Heritage_Center_of_Edinburgh.jpg/320px-Scotch_Whisky_Heritage_Center_of_Edinburgh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="338" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Scotch Whisky Heritage Center</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 165px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_scotch_whisky_experience_(Ank_Kumar,_infosys_limited)_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Scotch whisky experience"><img alt="The Scotch whisky experience" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/The_scotch_whisky_experience_%28Ank_Kumar%2C_infosys_limited%29_01.jpg/180px-The_scotch_whisky_experience_%28Ank_Kumar%2C_infosys_limited%29_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/The_scotch_whisky_experience_%28Ank_Kumar%2C_infosys_limited%29_01.jpg/271px-The_scotch_whisky_experience_%28Ank_Kumar%2C_infosys_limited%29_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/The_scotch_whisky_experience_%28Ank_Kumar%2C_infosys_limited%29_01.jpg/360px-The_scotch_whisky_experience_%28Ank_Kumar%2C_infosys_limited%29_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Scotch whisky experience</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 165px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Macallan_part_of_the_production_hall.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Macallan Distillery production hall"><img alt="Macallan Distillery production hall" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Macallan_part_of_the_production_hall.jpg/200px-Macallan_part_of_the_production_hall.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Macallan_part_of_the_production_hall.jpg/300px-Macallan_part_of_the_production_hall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Macallan_part_of_the_production_hall.jpg/400px-Macallan_part_of_the_production_hall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3397" data-file-height="2265" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Macallan Distillery production hall</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 165px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bowmore_Distillery_-_geograph.org.uk_-_933023.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bowmore Distillery"><img alt="Bowmore Distillery" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Bowmore_Distillery_-_geograph.org.uk_-_933023.jpg/200px-Bowmore_Distillery_-_geograph.org.uk_-_933023.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Bowmore_Distillery_-_geograph.org.uk_-_933023.jpg/300px-Bowmore_Distillery_-_geograph.org.uk_-_933023.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Bowmore_Distillery_-_geograph.org.uk_-_933023.jpg/400px-Bowmore_Distillery_-_geograph.org.uk_-_933023.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="420" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bowmore Distillery</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 165px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Glenlivet_Distillery.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Glenlivet Distillery"><img alt="Glenlivet Distillery" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Glenlivet_Distillery.jpg/200px-Glenlivet_Distillery.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Glenlivet_Distillery.jpg/300px-Glenlivet_Distillery.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Glenlivet_Distillery.jpg/400px-Glenlivet_Distillery.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="554" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Glenlivet Distillery</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scotch_whisky&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flessen_drank.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flessen_drank.jpg/21px-Flessen_drank.jpg" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flessen_drank.jpg/32px-Flessen_drank.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flessen_drank.jpg/42px-Flessen_drank.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1956" data-file-height="1279" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Liquor" title="Portal:Liquor">Liquor</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/21px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/42px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Scotland" title="Portal:Scotland">Scotland</a></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_whisky" title="Outline of whisky">Outline of whisky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_whisky_brands" title="List of whisky brands">List of whisky brands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_whisky_distilleries_in_Scotland" title="List of whisky distilleries in Scotland">List of whisky distilleries in Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotch_Whisky_Research_Institute" title="Scotch Whisky Research Institute">Scotch Whisky Research Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_world_whisky" title="New world whisky">New world whisky</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scotch_whisky&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scotch_whisky&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dsl.ac.uk/entry/snd/whisky">"whisky"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Scottish_National_Dictionary" title="Scottish National Dictionary">Scottish National Dictionary</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 January</span> 2021</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_the_Scots_Language" title="Dictionary of the Scots Language">Dictionary of the Scots Language</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=whisky&rft.btitle=Scottish+National+Dictionary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdsl.ac.uk%2Fentry%2Fsnd%2Fwhisky&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScotch+whisky" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ERoS-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ERoS_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ERoS_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Exchequer Rolls of Scotland 1494–95</i>. Vol. 10. p. 487. <q>Et per liberacionem factam fratri Johanni Cor per perceptum compotorum rotulatoris, ut asserit, de mandato domini regis ad faciendum aquavite infra hoc compotum viij bolle brasii.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Exchequer+Rolls+of+Scotland+1494%E2%80%9395&rft.pages=487&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScotch+whisky" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacLean201010-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacLean201010_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMacLean2010">MacLean 2010</a>, p. 10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scotch-whisky.org.uk/insights/facts-figures/">"Facts & Figures"</a>. The Scotch Whisky Association<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Facts+%26+Figures&rft.pub=The+Scotch+Whisky+Association&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scotch-whisky.org.uk%2Finsights%2Ffacts-figures%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScotch+whisky" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJewell2023" class="citation web cs1">Jewell, Catherine (April 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wipo.int/wipo_magazine_digital/en/2023/article_0015.html">"Scotch Whisky Sees IP, Diversity and Inclusion as Keys To its Longer-term Sustainability"</a>. <i>WIPO Magazine</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WIPO+Magazine&rft.atitle=Scotch+Whisky+Sees+IP%2C+Diversity+and+Inclusion+as+Keys+To+its+Longer-term+Sustainability&rft.date=2023-04&rft.aulast=Jewell&rft.aufirst=Catherine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wipo.int%2Fwipo_magazine_digital%2Fen%2F2023%2Farticle_0015.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScotch+whisky" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEScotch_Whisky_Regulations2009-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScotch_Whisky_Regulations2009_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScotch_Whisky_Regulations2009_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScotch_Whisky_Regulations2009_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScotch_Whisky_Regulations2009_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFScotch_Whisky_Regulations2009">Scotch Whisky Regulations 2009</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEScotch_Whisky_Association2009-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScotch_Whisky_Association2009_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScotch_Whisky_Association2009_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScotch_Whisky_Association2009_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScotch_Whisky_Association2009_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScotch_Whisky_Association2009_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScotch_Whisky_Association2009_7-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFScotch_Whisky_Association2009">Scotch Whisky Association 2009</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scotch-whisky.org.uk/discover/faqs/">"What is the alcoholic strength of Scotch Whisky?"</a>. The Scotch Whisky Association. 1 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Highland+vs+Speyside+%E2%80%93+a+tale+of+two+regions+%E2%80%93+The+Whisky+Exchange+Whisky+Blog+%E2%80%94+The+Whisky+Exchange+Whisky+Blog&rft.date=2017-08-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.thewhiskyexchange.com%2F2017%2F08%2Fhighland-vs-speyside-a-tale-of-two-regions%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScotch+whisky" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Smith-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Smith_90-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Smith_90-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Smith_90-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Smith_90-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Smith_90-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmithHughesBadu-TawiahEccles2019" class="citation journal cs1">Smith, Barry L.; Hughes, David M.; Badu-Tawiah, Abraham K.; Eccles, Rebecca; Goodall, Ian; Maher, Simon (29 May 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6541643">"Rapid Scotch whisky analysis and authentication using desorption atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation mass spectrometry"</a>. <i>Scientific Reports</i>. <b>9</b> (1): 7994. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019NatSR...9.7994S">2019NatSR...9.7994S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41598-019-44456-0">10.1038/s41598-019-44456-0</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2045-2322">2045-2322</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6541643">6541643</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31142757">31142757</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scientific+Reports&rft.atitle=Rapid+Scotch+whisky+analysis+and+authentication+using+desorption+atmospheric+pressure+chemical+ionisation+mass+spectrometry&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=7994&rft.date=2019-05-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6541643%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2019NatSR...9.7994S&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F31142757&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fs41598-019-44456-0&rft.issn=2045-2322&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Barry+L.&rft.au=Hughes%2C+David+M.&rft.au=Badu-Tawiah%2C+Abraham+K.&rft.au=Eccles%2C+Rebecca&rft.au=Goodall%2C+Ian&rft.au=Maher%2C+Simon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6541643&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScotch+whisky" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lee-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lee_91-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lee_91-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lee_91-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lee_91-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeePatersonPiggottRichardson2000" class="citation journal cs1">Lee, K.-Y. Monica; Paterson, Alistair; Piggott, John R.; Richardson, Graeme D. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fj.2050-0416.2000.tb00058.x">"Perception of whisky flavour reference compounds by Scottish distillers"</a>. <i>Journal of the Institute of Brewing</i>. <b>106</b> (4): 203–208. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fj.2050-0416.2000.tb00058.x">10.1002/j.2050-0416.2000.tb00058.x</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0046-9750">0046-9750</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Institute+of+Brewing&rft.atitle=Perception+of+whisky+flavour+reference+compounds+by+Scottish+distillers&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=203-208&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fj.2050-0416.2000.tb00058.x&rft.issn=0046-9750&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=K.-Y.+Monica&rft.au=Paterson%2C+Alistair&rft.au=Piggott%2C+John+R.&rft.au=Richardson%2C+Graeme+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1002%252Fj.2050-0416.2000.tb00058.x&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScotch+whisky" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Boothroyd-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Boothroyd_92-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoothroydLinforthJackCook2013" class="citation journal cs1">Boothroyd, Emily; Linforth, Robert S. T.; Jack, Frances; Cook, David J. (2 December 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fjib.103">"Origins of the perceived nutty character of new-make malt whisky spirit"</a>. <i>Journal of the Institute of Brewing</i>. <b>120</b> (1): 16–22. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fjib.103">10.1002/jib.103</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0046-9750">0046-9750</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Institute+of+Brewing&rft.atitle=Origins+of+the+perceived+nutty+character+of+new-make+malt+whisky+spirit&rft.volume=120&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=16-22&rft.date=2013-12-02&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fjib.103&rft.issn=0046-9750&rft.aulast=Boothroyd&rft.aufirst=Emily&rft.au=Linforth%2C+Robert+S.+T.&rft.au=Jack%2C+Frances&rft.au=Cook%2C+David+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjib.103&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScotch+whisky" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://reallygoodwhisky.com/blogs/the-really-good-whisky-blog/different-types-of-whisky-cask-and-the-impact-on-the-whisky">"Different Types of Whisky Casks and Their Impact on the Whisky..."</a> <i>The Really Good Whisky Company</i>. 4 July 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Really+Good+Whisky+Company&rft.atitle=Different+Types+of+Whisky+Casks+and+Their+Impact+on+the+Whisky.....&rft.date=2021-07-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freallygoodwhisky.com%2Fblogs%2Fthe-really-good-whisky-blog%2Fdifferent-types-of-whisky-cask-and-the-impact-on-the-whisky&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScotch+whisky" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vosloo-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-vosloo_94-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-vosloo_94-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVosloo2015" class="citation web cs1">Vosloo, Nicola (21 October 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foodqualityandsafety.com/article/identifying-whiskey-counterfeits/">"Identifying whiskey counterfeits"</a>. Food Quality and Safety<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Identifying+whiskey+counterfeits&rft.pub=Food+Quality+and+Safety&rft.date=2015-10-21&rft.aulast=Vosloo&rft.aufirst=Nicola&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foodqualityandsafety.com%2Farticle%2Fidentifying-whiskey-counterfeits%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScotch+whisky" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Books">Books</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scotch_whisky&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Books"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBender2005" class="citation book cs1">Bender, David A (2005). <i>A Dictionary of Food and Nutrition</i>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-860961-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-860961-2"><bdi>978-0-19-860961-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Dictionary+of+Food+and+Nutrition&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-19-860961-2&rft.aulast=Bender&rft.aufirst=David+A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScotch+whisky" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHansell2010" class="citation web cs1">Hansell, John (28 June 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.whiskyadvocateblog.com/2010/06/28/what-does-a-whiskys-age-really-mean/">"What Does a Whisky's Age Really Mean?"</a>. Whisky Advocate<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+Does+a+Whisky%27s+Age+Really+Mean%3F&rft.pub=Whisky+Advocate&rft.date=2010-06-28&rft.aulast=Hansell&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.whiskyadvocateblog.com%2F2010%2F06%2F28%2Fwhat-does-a-whiskys-age-really-mean%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScotch+whisky" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJackson2010" class="citation book cs1">Jackson, Michael (2010). <i>Michael Jackson's Complete Guide to Single Malt Scotch</i> (6th ed.). DK Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7566-5898-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7566-5898-4"><bdi>978-0-7566-5898-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Michael+Jackson%27s+Complete+Guide+to+Single+Malt+Scotch&rft.edition=6th&rft.pub=DK+Publishing&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-7566-5898-4&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScotch+whisky" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacLean2010" class="citation book cs1">MacLean, Charles (2010). <i>Whiskypedia: A Compendium of Scottish Whisky</i>. Skyhorse Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61608-076-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61608-076-1"><bdi>978-1-61608-076-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Whiskypedia%3A+A+Compendium+of+Scottish+Whisky&rft.pub=Skyhorse+Publishing&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-61608-076-1&rft.aulast=MacLean&rft.aufirst=Charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScotch+whisky" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacLean2009" class="citation book cs1">MacLean, Charles, ed. (2009). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/worldwhiskeyanat0000unse"><i>World Whiskey: A Nation-by-Nation Guide to the Best</i></a></span>. DK Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7566-5443-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7566-5443-6"><bdi>978-0-7566-5443-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+Whiskey%3A+A+Nation-by-Nation+Guide+to+the+Best&rft.pub=DK+Publishing&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-7566-5443-6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fworldwhiskeyanat0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScotch+whisky" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScotch_Whisky_Association2009" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170623041606/http://www.scotch-whisky.org.uk/media/12744/scotchwhiskyregguidance2009.pdf">"The Scotch Whisky Regulations 2009: Guidance for Producers and Bottlers"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Scotch Whisky Association. 2 December 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scotch-whisky.org.uk/media/12744/scotchwhiskyregguidance2009.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 23 June 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 September</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Scotch+Whisky+Regulations+2009%3A+Guidance+for+Producers+and+Bottlers&rft.pub=Scotch+Whisky+Association&rft.date=2009-12-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scotch-whisky.org.uk%2Fmedia%2F12744%2Fscotchwhiskyregguidance2009.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScotch+whisky" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScotch_Whisky_Regulations2009" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2009/2890/contents/made">"The Scotch Whisky Regulations 2009"</a>. UK Parliament. 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Scotch+Whisky+Regulations+2009&rft.pub=UK+Parliament&rft.date=2009&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.legislation.gov.uk%2Fuksi%2F2009%2F2890%2Fcontents%2Fmade&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScotch+whisky" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scotch_whisky&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>Broom, Dave (1998). <i>Whiskey: A Connoisseur's Guide</i>. London. Carleton Books Limited. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85868-706-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-85868-706-3">1-85868-706-3</a>.</li> <li>Broom, Dave (2000). <i>Handbook of Whisky</i>. London. Hamlyn. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-600-59846-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-600-59846-2">0-600-59846-2</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLockhart2011" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/R._H._Bruce_Lockhart" title="R. H. Bruce Lockhart">Lockhart, Sir Robert</a> (2011). <i>Scotch: The Whisky of Scotland in Fact and Story</i> (8th ed.). Glasgow: Angels' Share (Neil Wilson Publishing). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-906476-22-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-906476-22-9"><bdi>978-1-906476-22-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Scotch%3A+The+Whisky+of+Scotland+in+Fact+and+Story&rft.place=Glasgow&rft.edition=8th&rft.pub=Angels%27+Share+%28Neil+Wilson+Publishing%29&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-906476-22-9&rft.aulast=Lockhart&rft.aufirst=Sir+Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScotch+whisky" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBuxtonHughes2014" class="citation book cs1">Buxton, Ian; Hughes, Paul S. (2014). <i>The Science and Commerce of Whisky</i>. Cambridge, England: Royal Society of Chemistry. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84973-150-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84973-150-8"><bdi>978-1-84973-150-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Science+and+Commerce+of+Whisky&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+England&rft.pub=Royal+Society+of+Chemistry&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-84973-150-8&rft.aulast=Buxton&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft.au=Hughes%2C+Paul+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScotch+whisky" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Erskine, Kevin (2006). <i>The Instant Expert's Guide to Single Malt Scotch – Second Edition</i>. Richmond, VA. Doceon Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9771991-1-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-9771991-1-8">0-9771991-1-8</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHenley2011" class="citation news cs1">Henley, Jon (15 April 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2011/apr/15/world-in-love-with-whisky">"How the world fell in love with [Scotch] whisky"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. London<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=How+the+world+fell+in+love+with+%5BScotch%5D+whisky&rft.date=2011-04-15&rft.aulast=Henley&rft.aufirst=Jon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Flifeandstyle%2F2011%2Fapr%2F15%2Fworld-in-love-with-whisky&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScotch+whisky" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>MacLean, Charles (2003). <i>Scotch Whisky: A Liquid History</i>. Cassell Illustrated. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84403-078-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-84403-078-4">1-84403-078-4</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcDougallSmith2000" class="citation book cs1">McDougall, John; Smith, Gavin D. (2000). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/wortwormswashbac00mcdo"><i>Wort, Worms & Washbacks: Memoirs from the Stillhouse</i></a></span>. Glasgow: Angels' Share (Neil Wilson Publishing). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-897784-65-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-897784-65-5"><bdi>978-1-897784-65-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wort%2C+Worms+%26+Washbacks%3A+Memoirs+from+the+Stillhouse&rft.place=Glasgow&rft.pub=Angels%27+Share+%28Neil+Wilson+Publishing%29&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-1-897784-65-5&rft.aulast=McDougall&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Smith%2C+Gavin+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwortwormswashbac00mcdo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScotch+whisky" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMitchell2015" class="citation book cs1">Mitchell, Ian R. (5 March 2015). <i>Wee Scotch Whisky Tales</i>. Glasgow: Angels' Share (Neil Wilson Publishing). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-906476-28-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-906476-28-1"><bdi>978-1-906476-28-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wee+Scotch+Whisky+Tales&rft.place=Glasgow&rft.pub=Angels%27+Share+%28Neil+Wilson+Publishing%29&rft.date=2015-03-05&rft.isbn=978-1-906476-28-1&rft.aulast=Mitchell&rft.aufirst=Ian+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScotch+whisky" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2013" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Gavin D. (2013). <i>Stillhouse Stories – Tunroom Tales</i>. Glasgow: Angels' Share (Neil Wilson Publishing). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-906000-15-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-906000-15-8"><bdi>978-1-906000-15-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Stillhouse+Stories+%E2%80%93+Tunroom+Tales&rft.place=Glasgow&rft.pub=Angels%27+Share+%28Neil+Wilson+Publishing%29&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-906000-15-8&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Gavin+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScotch+whisky" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTownsend2015" class="citation book cs1">Townsend, Brian (2015). <i>Scotch Missed: The Original Guide to the Lost Distilleries of Scotland</i> (4th ed.). Glasgow: Angels' Share (Neil Wilson Publishing). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-906000-82-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-906000-82-0"><bdi>978-1-906000-82-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Scotch+Missed%3A+The+Original+Guide+to+the+Lost+Distilleries+of+Scotland&rft.place=Glasgow&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=Angels%27+Share+%28Neil+Wilson+Publishing%29&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-906000-82-0&rft.aulast=Townsend&rft.aufirst=Brian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScotch+whisky" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson2003" class="citation book cs1">Wilson, Neil (2003). <i>The Island Whisky Trail: An Illustrated Guide to The Hebridean Whisky Distilleries</i>. Glasgow: Angels' Share (Neil Wilson Publishing). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1903238498" title="Special:BookSources/1903238498"><bdi>1903238498</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Island+Whisky+Trail%3A+An+Illustrated+Guide+to+The+Hebridean+Whisky+Distilleries&rft.place=Glasgow&rft.pub=Angels%27+Share+%28Neil+Wilson+Publishing%29&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=1903238498&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Neil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScotch+whisky" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWishart2006" class="citation book cs1">Wishart, David (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/148252141"><i>Whisky classified : choosing single malts by flavour</i></a> (Revised ed.). London: Pavilion. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-86205-716-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-86205-716-8"><bdi>1-86205-716-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/148252141">148252141</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Whisky+classified+%3A+choosing+single+malts+by+flavour&rft.place=London&rft.edition=Revised&rft.pub=Pavilion&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F148252141&rft.isbn=1-86205-716-8&rft.aulast=Wishart&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F148252141&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScotch+whisky" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span 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href="/wiki/List_of_whisky_distilleries_in_Scotland" title="List of whisky distilleries in Scotland">Whisky distilleries in Scotland</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Scotch whisky</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left"><a href="/wiki/Campbeltown_single_malts" title="Campbeltown single malts">Campbeltown</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glengyle_distillery" title="Glengyle distillery">Glengyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glen_Scotia_distillery" title="Glen Scotia distillery">Glen Scotia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Springbank_distillery" title="Springbank distillery">Springbank</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Glenmorangie_Distillery_Stills.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Glenmorangie_Distillery_Stills.jpg/170px-Glenmorangie_Distillery_Stills.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Glenmorangie_Distillery_Stills.jpg/255px-Glenmorangie_Distillery_Stills.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Glenmorangie_Distillery_Stills.jpg/340px-Glenmorangie_Distillery_Stills.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left"><a href="/wiki/Highland_single_malts" title="Highland single malts">Highland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aberfeldy_distillery" title="Aberfeldy distillery">Aberfeldy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arbikie_distillery" title="Arbikie distillery">Arbikie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ardmore_distillery" title="Ardmore distillery">Ardmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ardnamurchan_distillery" title="Ardnamurchan distillery">Ardnamurchan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ardross_distillery" title="Ardross distillery">Ardross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balblair_distillery" title="Balblair distillery">Balblair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Nevis_distillery" title="Ben Nevis distillery">Ben Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blair_Athol_distillery" title="Blair Athol distillery">Blair Athol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brora_distillery" title="Brora distillery">Brora</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burn_O%27Bennie_distillery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Burn O'Bennie distillery (page does not exist)">Burn O'Bennie</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cairn_distillery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cairn distillery (page does not exist)">Cairn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clynelish_distillery" title="Clynelish distillery">Clynelish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalmore_distillery" title="Dalmore distillery">Dalmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalwhinnie_distillery" title="Dalwhinnie distillery">Dalwhinnie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deanston_distillery" title="Deanston distillery">Deanston</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dornoch_distillery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dornoch distillery (page does not exist)">Dornoch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edradour_distillery" title="Edradour distillery">Edradour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fettercairn_distillery" title="Fettercairn distillery">Fettercairn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glencadam_distillery" title="Glencadam distillery">Glencadam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glendronach_distillery" title="Glendronach distillery">Glendronach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glen_Garioch_distillery" title="Glen Garioch distillery">Glen Garioch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenglassaugh_distillery" title="Glenglassaugh distillery">Glenglassaugh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glengoyne_distillery" title="Glengoyne distillery">Glengoyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenmorangie_distillery" title="Glenmorangie distillery">Glenmorangie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glen_Ord_Distillery" title="Glen Ord Distillery">Glen Ord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenturret_distillery" title="Glenturret distillery">Glenturret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GlenWyvis_distillery" title="GlenWyvis distillery">GlenWyvis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loch_Lomond_distillery" title="Loch Lomond distillery">Loch Lomond</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lone_Wolf_distillery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lone Wolf distillery (page does not exist)">Lone Wolf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Brackla_distillery" title="Royal Brackla distillery">Royal Brackla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Lochnagar_distillery" title="Royal Lochnagar distillery">Royal Lochnagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macduff_distillery" title="Macduff distillery">Macduff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nc%27nean_distillery" title="Nc'nean distillery">Nc'nean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oban_distillery" title="Oban distillery">Oban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Pulteney_distillery" title="Old Pulteney distillery">Pulteney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strathearn_distillery" title="Strathearn distillery">Strathearn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teaninich_distillery" title="Teaninich distillery">Teaninich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomatin_distillery" title="Tomatin distillery">Tomatin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tullibardine_distillery" title="Tullibardine distillery">Tullibardine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uile-bheist_distillery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uile-bheist distillery (page does not exist)">Uile-bheist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfburn_distillery" title="Wolfburn distillery">Wolfburn</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=8_Doors_distillery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="8 Doors distillery (page does not exist)">8 Doors</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left"><a href="/wiki/Island_single_malt" title="Island single malt">Island</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abhainn_Dearg_distillery" title="Abhainn Dearg distillery">Abhainn Dearg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arran_distillery" title="Arran distillery">Arran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harris_distillery" title="Harris distillery">Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highland_Park_distillery" title="Highland Park distillery">Highland Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Barra_distillery" title="Isle of Barra distillery">Isle of Barra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jura_distillery" title="Jura distillery">Jura</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimbland_distillery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kimbland distillery (page does not exist)">Kimbland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lagg_distillery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lagg distillery (page does not exist)">Lagg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Raasay_distillery" title="Isle of Raasay distillery">Raasay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scapa_distillery" title="Scapa distillery">Scapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saxa_Vord_distillery" title="Saxa Vord distillery">Saxa Vord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talisker_distillery" title="Talisker distillery">Talisker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobermory_distillery" title="Tobermory distillery">Tobermory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torabhaig_distillery" title="Torabhaig distillery">Torabhaig</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left"><a href="/wiki/Islay_single_malts" title="Islay single malts">Islay</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ardbeg_distillery" title="Ardbeg distillery">Ardbeg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ardnahoe_distillery" title="Ardnahoe distillery">Ardnahoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowmore_distillery" title="Bowmore distillery">Bowmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruichladdich_distillery" title="Bruichladdich distillery">Bruichladdich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bunnahabhain_distillery" title="Bunnahabhain distillery">Bunnahabhain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caol_Ila_distillery" title="Caol Ila distillery">Caol Ila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilchoman_distillery" title="Kilchoman distillery">Kilchoman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lagavulin_distillery" title="Lagavulin distillery">Lagavulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laphroaig_distillery" title="Laphroaig distillery">Laphroaig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Ellen_distillery" title="Port Ellen distillery">Port Ellen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left"><a href="/wiki/Lowland_single_malts" title="Lowland single malts">Lowland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aberargie_distillery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aberargie distillery (page does not exist)">Aberargie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ailsa_Bay_distillery" title="Ailsa Bay distillery">Ailsa Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annandale_distillery" title="Annandale distillery">Annandale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auchentoshan_distillery" title="Auchentoshan distillery">Auchentoshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bladnoch_distillery" title="Bladnoch distillery">Bladnoch</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonnington_distillery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bonnington distillery (page does not exist)">Bonnington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borders_distillery" title="Borders distillery">Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clydeside_distillery" title="Clydeside distillery">Clydeside</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crafty_distillery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crafty distillery (page does not exist)">Crafty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daftmill_distillery" title="Daftmill distillery">Daftmill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eden_Mill_St_Andrews_distillery" title="Eden Mill St Andrews distillery">Eden Mill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falkirk_distillery" title="Falkirk distillery">Falkirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glasgow_distillery" title="Glasgow distillery">Glasgow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenkinchie_distillery" title="Glenkinchie distillery">Glenkinchie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holyrood_distillery" class="mw-redirect" title="Holyrood distillery">Holyrood</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inchdairnie_distillery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Inchdairnie distillery (page does not exist)">Inchdairnie</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jackton_distillery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jackton distillery (page does not exist)">Jackton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingsbarns_distillery" title="Kingsbarns distillery">Kingsbarns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leven_distillery" title="Leven distillery">Leven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lindores_Abbey_distillery" title="Lindores Abbey distillery">Lindores Abbey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lochlea_distillery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lochlea distillery (page does not exist)">Lochlea</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Port_of_Leith_distillery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Port of Leith distillery (page does not exist)">Port of Leith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosebank_distillery" title="Rosebank distillery">Rosebank</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left"><a href="/wiki/Speyside_single_malt" title="Speyside single malt">Speyside</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aberlour_distillery" title="Aberlour distillery">Aberlour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allt-A-Bhainne_distillery" title="Allt-A-Bhainne distillery">Allt-A-Bhainne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auchroisk_distillery" title="Auchroisk distillery">Auchroisk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aultmore_distillery" title="Aultmore distillery">Aultmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballindalloch_distillery" title="Ballindalloch distillery">Ballindalloch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balmenach_distillery" title="Balmenach distillery">Balmenach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balvenie_distillery" title="Balvenie distillery">Balvenie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BenRiach_distillery" title="BenRiach distillery">BenRiach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benrinnes_distillery" title="Benrinnes distillery">Benrinnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benromach_distillery" title="Benromach distillery">Benromach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braeval_distillery" title="Braeval distillery">Braeval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardhu_distillery" title="Cardhu distillery">Cardhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cragganmore_distillery" title="Cragganmore distillery">Cragganmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craigellachie_distillery" title="Craigellachie distillery">Craigellachie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dailuaine_distillery" title="Dailuaine distillery">Dailuaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalmunach_distillery" title="Dalmunach distillery">Dalmunach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalwhinnie_distillery" title="Dalwhinnie distillery">Dalwhinnie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dufftown_distillery" title="Dufftown distillery">Dufftown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenallachie_distillery" title="Glenallachie distillery">Glenallachie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenburgie_distillery" title="Glenburgie distillery">Glenburgie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glendullan_distillery" title="Glendullan distillery">Glendullan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glen_Elgin_distillery" title="Glen Elgin distillery">Glen Elgin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenfarclas_distillery" title="Glenfarclas distillery">Glenfarclas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenfiddich_distillery" title="Glenfiddich distillery">Glenfiddich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glen_Grant_distillery" title="Glen Grant distillery">Glen Grant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glen_Keith_distillery" title="Glen Keith distillery">Glen Keith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Glenlivet_distillery" title="The Glenlivet distillery">Glenlivet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenlossie_distillery" title="Glenlossie distillery">Glenlossie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glen_Moray_distillery" title="Glen Moray distillery">Glen Moray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Glenrothes_distillery" title="The Glenrothes distillery">Glenrothes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glen_Spey_distillery" title="Glen Spey distillery">Glen Spey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glentauchers_distillery" title="Glentauchers distillery">Glentauchers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inchgower_distillery" title="Inchgower distillery">Inchgower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kininvie_distillery" title="Kininvie distillery">Kininvie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knockando_distillery" title="Knockando distillery">Knockando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knockdhu_distillery" title="Knockdhu distillery">Knockdhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linkwood_distillery" title="Linkwood distillery">Linkwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longmorn_distillery" title="Longmorn distillery">Longmorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Macallan_distillery" title="The Macallan distillery">Macallan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mannochmore_distillery" title="Mannochmore distillery">Mannochmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miltonduff_distillery" title="Miltonduff distillery">Miltonduff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortlach_distillery" title="Mortlach distillery">Mortlach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roseisle_distillery" title="Roseisle distillery">Roseisle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speyburn-Glenlivet_distillery" class="mw-redirect" title="Speyburn-Glenlivet distillery">Speyburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Speyside_distillery" title="The Speyside distillery">Speyside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strathisla_distillery" title="Strathisla distillery">Strathisla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strathmill_distillery" title="Strathmill distillery">Strathmill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamdhu_distillery" title="Tamdhu distillery">Tamdhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamnavulin_distillery" title="Tamnavulin distillery">Tamnavulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomintoul_distillery" title="Tomintoul distillery">Tomintoul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tormore_distillery" title="Tormore distillery">Tormore</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Grain_whisky" title="Grain whisky">Grain</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cameronbridge_distillery" title="Cameronbridge distillery">Cameronbridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girvan_distillery" title="Girvan distillery">Girvan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invergordon_distillery" title="Invergordon distillery">Invergordon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_British_distillery" title="North British distillery">North British</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starlaw_distillery" title="Starlaw distillery">Starlaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strathclyde_distillery" title="Strathclyde distillery">Strathclyde</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Closed</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ardgowan_distillery" title="Ardgowan distillery">Ardgowan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auchinblae_distillery" title="Auchinblae distillery">Auchinblae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballechin_distillery" title="Ballechin distillery">Ballechin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banff_distillery" title="Banff distillery">Banff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Wyvis_distillery" title="Ben Wyvis distillery">Ben Wyvis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caperdonich_distillery" title="Caperdonich distillery">Caperdonich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coleburn_distillery" title="Coleburn distillery">Coleburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convalmore_distillery" title="Convalmore distillery">Convalmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dallas_Dhu_distillery" title="Dallas Dhu distillery">Dallas Dhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glen_Albyn_distillery" title="Glen Albyn distillery">Glen Albyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenesk_distillery" title="Glenesk distillery">Glenesk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glen_Flagler_distillery" title="Glen Flagler distillery">Glen Flagler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glengilp_distillery" title="Glengilp distillery">Glengilp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenlochy_distillery" title="Glenlochy distillery">Glenlochy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glen_Mhor_distillery" title="Glen Mhor distillery">Glen Mhor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenugie_distillery" title="Glenugie distillery">Glenugie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenury_distillery" title="Glenury distillery">Glenury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazelburn_distillery" title="Hazelburn distillery">Hazelburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_distillery" title="Imperial distillery">Imperial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inverleven_distillery" title="Inverleven distillery">Inverleven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinclaith_distillery" title="Kinclaith distillery">Kinclaith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladyburn_distillery" title="Ladyburn distillery">Ladyburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Littlemill_distillery" title="Littlemill distillery">Littlemill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lochside_distillery" title="Lochside distillery">Lochside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millburn_distillery" title="Millburn distillery">Millburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Port_distillery" title="North Port distillery">North Port</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parkmore_distillery" title="Parkmore distillery">Parkmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pittyvaich_distillery" title="Pittyvaich distillery">Pittyvaich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Charlotte_distillery" title="Port Charlotte distillery">Port Charlotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Magdalene_distillery" title="St Magdalene distillery">St. Magdalene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strathdee_distillery" title="Strathdee distillery">Strathdee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Towiemore_distillery" title="Towiemore distillery">Towiemore</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/48px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/64px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Scotland" title="Portal:Scotland">Scotland portal</a></b> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Distilleries_in_Scotland" title="Category:Distilleries in Scotland">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Distilleries_in_Scotland" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Distilleries in Scotland">Commons</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flessen_drank.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flessen_drank.jpg/27px-Flessen_drank.jpg" decoding="async" width="27" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flessen_drank.jpg/41px-Flessen_drank.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flessen_drank.jpg/54px-Flessen_drank.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1956" data-file-height="1279" /></a></span>  <a href="/wiki/Portal:Liquor" title="Portal:Liquor">Liquor portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Whisky" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Whisky" title="Template:Whisky"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Whisky" title="Template talk:Whisky"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Whisky" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Whisky"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Whisky" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Whisky" title="Whisky">Whisky</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Whisky types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Malt_whisky" title="Malt whisky">Malt whisky</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Single_malt_whisky" title="Single malt whisky">Single malt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blended_malt_whisky" title="Blended malt whisky">Blended malt</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grain_whisky" title="Grain whisky">Grain whisky</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buckwheat_whisky" title="Buckwheat whisky">Buckwheat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_whiskey" title="Corn whiskey">Corn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rye_whiskey" title="Rye whiskey">Rye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rye_malt_whiskey" title="Rye malt whiskey">Rye malt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheat_whiskey" title="Wheat whiskey">Wheat</a></li></ul></li> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flessen_drank.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flessen_drank.jpg/32px-Flessen_drank.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flessen_drank.jpg/48px-Flessen_drank.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flessen_drank.jpg/64px-Flessen_drank.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1956" data-file-height="1279" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Liquor" title="Portal:Liquor">Liquor portal</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other designations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blended_whiskey" title="Blended whiskey">Blended</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bottled_in_bond" title="Bottled in bond">Bottled in bond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single_barrel_whiskey" title="Single barrel whiskey">Single barrel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_batch_whiskey" title="Small batch whiskey">Small batch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight_whiskey" title="Straight whiskey">Straight</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Whisky by region</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_whiskey" title="American whiskey">American</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bourbon_whiskey" title="Bourbon whiskey">Bourbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennessee_whiskey" title="Tennessee whiskey">Tennessee</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_whisky" title="Australian whisky">Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_whisky" title="Canadian whisky">Canadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_whisky" title="English whisky">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_whisky" title="Finnish whisky">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_whisky" title="French whisky">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_whisky" title="German whisky">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_whisky" title="Indian whisky">Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_whiskey" title="Irish whiskey">Irish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Single_pot_still_whiskey" title="Single pot still whiskey">Single pot still</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_whisky" title="Japanese whisky">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_whisky" title="Mexican whisky">Mexican</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Scotch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_whisky" title="Taiwanese whisky">Taiwanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_whisky" title="Welsh whisky">Welsh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Whisky production</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cask_strength" title="Cask strength">Cask strength</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chill_filtering" title="Chill filtering">Chill filtering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finishing_(whisky)" title="Finishing (whisky)">Finishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_bottler" title="Independent bottler">Independent bottler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_County_Process" title="Lincoln County Process">Lincoln County Process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mashing" title="Mashing">Mash</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sour_mash" title="Sour mash">Sour mash</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_blender" title="Master blender">Master blender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirit_safe" title="Spirit safe">Spirit safe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whiskey_thief" title="Whiskey thief">Whiskey thief</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Whisky tourism</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Whiskey_Trail" title="American Whiskey Trail">American Whiskey Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kentucky_Bourbon_Trail" title="Kentucky Bourbon Trail">Kentucky Bourbon Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotch_Whisky_Experience" title="Scotch Whisky Experience">Scotch Whisky Experience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotland%27s_Malt_Whisky_Trail" title="Scotland's Malt Whisky Trail">Scotland's Malt Whisky Trail</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cranachan" title="Cranachan">Cranachan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glencairn_whisky_glass" title="Glencairn whisky glass">Glencairn whisky glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cocktails" title="List of cocktails">List of cocktails</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_whisky_brands" title="List of whisky brands">List of whisky brands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moonshine" title="Moonshine">Moonshine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poit%C3%ADn" title="Poitín">Poitín</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skalk" title="Skalk">Skalk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uisce_beatha" title="Uisce beatha">Uisce beatha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viscimetry" class="mw-redirect" title="Viscimetry">Viscimetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whisky_tasting" title="Whisky tasting">Whisky tasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whisky_with_food" title="Whisky with food">Whisky with food</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Alcoholic_beverages" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Alcoholic_drinks" title="Template:Alcoholic drinks"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Alcoholic_drinks" title="Template talk:Alcoholic drinks"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Alcoholic_drinks" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Alcoholic drinks"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Alcoholic_beverages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Alcoholic_beverage" title="Alcoholic beverage">Alcoholic beverages</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="History_and_production" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">History and production</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History of alcohol</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_alcoholic_beverages" class="mw-redirect" title="History of alcoholic beverages">History of alcoholic beverages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_beer" title="History of beer">History of beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_wine" title="History of wine">History of wine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Bordeaux_wine" title="History of Bordeaux wine">History of Bordeaux wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Champagne" title="History of Champagne">History of Champagne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Chianti" title="History of Chianti">History of Chianti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Rioja_wine" title="History of Rioja wine">History of Rioja wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Sherry" title="History of Sherry">History of Sherry</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Production</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcohol industry">Alcohol industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bathtub_gin" title="Bathtub gin">Bathtub gin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brewing" title="Brewing">Brewing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brewery" title="Brewery">Brewery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malting" title="Malting">Malting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lautering" title="Lautering">Lautering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wort" title="Wort">Wort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeast" title="Yeast">Yeast</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distillation" title="Distillation">Distillation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drinking_establishment" title="Drinking establishment">Drinking establishments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethanol_fermentation" title="Ethanol fermentation">Fermentation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Simple_syrup" class="mw-redirect" title="Simple syrup">Simple syrup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeast_in_winemaking" title="Yeast in winemaking">Yeast in winemaking</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winemaking" title="Winemaking">Winemaking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yeast_in_winemaking" title="Yeast in winemaking">Yeast in winemaking</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Fermented_drinks_by_ingredients" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Alcoholic_drink#Fermented_drinks" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcoholic drink">Fermented drinks</a> by ingredients</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fruit</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Apple <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cider" title="Cider">Cider</a></li></ul></li> <li>Banana <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banana_beer" title="Banana beer">Banana beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banana_wine" title="Banana wine">Banana wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Bignay <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bignay_wine" title="Bignay wine">Bignay wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Bokbunja <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bokbunja-ju" title="Bokbunja-ju">Bokbunja-ju</a></li></ul></li> <li>Grape <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madeira_wine" title="Madeira wine">Madeira wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marsala_wine" title="Marsala wine">Marsala wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mistelle" class="mw-redirect" title="Mistelle">Mistelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscatel_de_Set%C3%BAbal" class="mw-redirect" title="Moscatel de Setúbal">Moscatel de Setúbal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_wine" title="Port wine">Port wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_wine" title="Red wine">Red wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ros%C3%A9_wine" class="mw-redirect" title="Rosé wine">Rosé wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherry" title="Sherry">Sherry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermouth" title="Vermouth">Vermouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_wine" title="White wine">White wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Java plum <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duhat_wine" title="Duhat wine">Duhat wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Longan <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Longan_wine" title="Longan wine">Longan wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Lychee <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lychee_wine" title="Lychee wine">Lychee wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Pear <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Perry" title="Perry">Perry</a></li></ul></li> <li>Pineapple <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tepache" title="Tepache">Tepache</a></li></ul></li> <li>Plum <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Plum_jerkum" title="Plum jerkum">Plum jerkum</a></li></ul></li> <li>Pomegranate <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rimon_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rimon (wine)">Rimon</a></li></ul></li> <li>Prickly pear <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colonche" title="Colonche">Colonche</a></li></ul></li> <li>Various fruits <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conditum" title="Conditum">Conditum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dubonnet" title="Dubonnet">Dubonnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippocras" title="Hippocras">Hippocras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabol" title="Jabol">Jabol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulled_wine" title="Mulled wine">Mulled wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabidh" title="Nabidh">Nabidh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pruno" title="Pruno">Pruno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangria" title="Sangria">Sangria</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cereals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Barley <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barley_wine" title="Barley wine">Barley wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Corn <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mageu" title="Mageu">Mageu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pozol" title="Pozol">Pozol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tejuino" title="Tejuino">Tejuino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tesg%C3%BCino" title="Tesgüino">Tesgüino</a></li></ul></li> <li>Millet <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oshikundu" title="Oshikundu">Oshikundu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongba" title="Tongba">Tongba</a></li></ul></li> <li>Rice <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agkud" title="Agkud">Agkud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazake" title="Amazake">Amazake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apo_(drink)" title="Apo (drink)">Apo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beopju" title="Beopju">Beopju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brem" title="Brem">Brem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choujiu" title="Choujiu">Choujiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuak" title="Chuak">Chuak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dansul" title="Dansul">Dansul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwaha-ju" title="Gwaha-ju">Gwaha-ju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hariya" title="Hariya">Hariya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makgeolli" title="Makgeolli">Makgeolli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mijiu" title="Mijiu">Mijiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirin" title="Mirin">Mirin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pangasi" title="Pangasi">Pangasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rice_wine" title="Rice wine">Rice wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3u_c%E1%BA%A7n" title="Rượu cần">Rượu cần</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sake" title="Sake">Sake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sato_(beverage)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sato (beverage)">Sato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaoxing_wine" title="Shaoxing wine">Shaoxing wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonti_(rice_drink)" title="Sonti (rice drink)">Sonti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapai" title="Tapai">Tapai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapuy" title="Tapuy">Tapuy</a></li></ul></li> <li>Rye <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kvass" title="Kvass">Kvass</a></li></ul></li> <li>Sorghum <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pendh%C4%81" title="Pendhā">Pendhā</a></li></ul></li> <li>Multiple grains <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ale" title="Ale">Ale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ara_(drink)" title="Ara (drink)">Ara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer" title="Beer">Beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boza" title="Boza">Boza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huangjiu" title="Huangjiu">Huangjiu</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agave americana</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pulque" title="Pulque">Pulque</a></li></ul></li> <li>Coconut and other palms <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahalina" title="Bahalina">Bahalina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palm_wine" title="Palm wine">Palm wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuak" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuak">Tuak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuba_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuba (wine)">Tubâ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuhak" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuhak">Tuhak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunggang" class="mw-redirect" title="Tunggang">Tunggang</a></li></ul></li> <li>Dairy <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kumis" title="Kumis">Kumis</a></li></ul></li> <li>Ginger <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ginger_wine" title="Ginger wine">Ginger wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Galangal <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byais" title="Byais">Byais</a></li></ul></li> <li>Honey <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bais_(wine)" title="Bais (wine)">Bais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byais" title="Byais">Byais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabarawan" title="Kabarawan">Kabarawan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mead" title="Mead">Mead</a></li></ul></li> <li>Sugar <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kilju" title="Kilju">Kilju</a></li></ul></li> <li>Sugarcane or molasses <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basi" title="Basi">Basi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intus" title="Intus">Intus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palek" title="Palek">Palek</a></li></ul></li> <li>Tea <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fermented_tea" title="Fermented tea">Fermented tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kombucha" title="Kombucha">Kombucha</a></li></ul></li> <li>Various starches <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cauim" title="Cauim">Cauim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicha" title="Chicha">Chicha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parakari" title="Parakari">Parakari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibwatu" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibwatu">Ibwatu</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Liquors_by_ingredients" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Liquor" title="Liquor">Liquors</a> by ingredients</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fruit</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Apple <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Applejack_(drink)" title="Applejack (drink)">Applejack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvados" title="Calvados">Calvados</a></li></ul></li> <li>Cashew apple <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feni_(liquor)" title="Feni (liquor)">Feni</a></li></ul></li> <li>Cherry <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kirsch" title="Kirsch">Kirschwasser</a></li></ul></li> <li>Dates <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Araqi_(drink)" title="Araqi (drink)">Araqi</a></li></ul></li> <li>Fig <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boukha" title="Boukha">Boukha</a></li></ul></li> <li>Grape <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arak_(drink)" title="Arak (drink)">Arak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armagnac_(brandy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Armagnac (brandy)">Armagnac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brandy" title="Brandy">Brandy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cognac" title="Cognac">Cognac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pisco" title="Pisco">Pisco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zivania" title="Zivania">Zivania</a></li></ul></li> <li>Juniper <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gin" title="Gin">Gin</a></li></ul></li> <li>Plum <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slivovitz" title="Slivovitz">Slivovitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C8%9Auic%C4%83" title="Țuică">Țuică</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomace" title="Pomace">Pomace</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chacha_(brandy)" title="Chacha (brandy)">Chacha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grappa" title="Grappa">Grappa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomace_brandy" title="Pomace brandy">Marc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orujo" title="Orujo">Orujo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsikoudia" title="Tsikoudia">Tsikoudia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsipouro" title="Tsipouro">Tsipouro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zivania" title="Zivania">Zivania</a></li></ul></li> <li>Various fruits <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brandy" title="Brandy">Brandy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eau_de_vie" title="Eau de vie">Eau de vie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geist_(liquor)" title="Geist (liquor)">Geist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himbeergeist" title="Himbeergeist">Himbeergeist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marillenschnaps" title="Marillenschnaps">Marillenschnaps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nalewka" title="Nalewka">Nalewka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oghi_(drink)" title="Oghi (drink)">Oghi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A1linka" title="Pálinka">Pálinka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rakia" title="Rakia">Rakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schnaps" class="mw-redirect" title="Schnaps">Schnaps</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cereals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Barley <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irish_whiskey" title="Irish whiskey">Irish whiskey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_whisky" title="Japanese whisky">Japanese whisky</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Scotch whisky</a></li></ul></li> <li>Beer <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bierbrand" title="Bierbrand">Bierbrand</a></li></ul></li> <li>Buckwheat <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buckwheat_whisky" title="Buckwheat whisky">Buckwheat whisky</a></li></ul></li> <li>Maize <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bourbon_whiskey" title="Bourbon whiskey">Bourbon whiskey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_whiskey" title="Corn whiskey">Corn whiskey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennessee_whiskey" title="Tennessee whiskey">Tennessee whiskey</a></li></ul></li> <li>Rice <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Awamori" title="Awamori">Awamori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheongju_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cheongju (wine)">Cheongju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cholai" title="Cholai">Cholai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao-Lao" title="Lao-Lao">Lao-Lao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lihing" title="Lihing">Lihing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixiang_Baijiu" title="Mixiang Baijiu">Mixiang Baijiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shochu" class="mw-redirect" title="Shochu">Shochu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soju" title="Soju">Soju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulai" title="Sulai">Sulai</a></li></ul></li> <li>Rye <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Korn_(liquor)" title="Korn (liquor)">Korn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rye_whiskey" title="Rye whiskey">Rye whiskey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starka" title="Starka">Starka</a></li></ul></li> <li>Sorghum <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baijiu" title="Baijiu">Baijiu</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kaoliang_liquor" title="Kaoliang liquor">Kaoliang liquor</a>)</li></ul></li> <li>Multiple grains <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ara_(drink)" title="Ara (drink)">Ara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_whiskey" title="American whiskey">American whiskey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baijiu" title="Baijiu">Baijiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_whisky" title="Canadian whisky">Canadian whisky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dch%C5%AB" title="Shōchū">Shōchū</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whisky" title="Whisky">Whisky</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agave" title="Agave">Agave</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mezcal" title="Mezcal">Mezcal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tequila" title="Tequila">Tequila</a></li></ul></li> <li>Coconut and other palms <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arrack" title="Arrack">Arrack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laksoy" title="Laksoy">Laksoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambanog" title="Lambanog">Lambanog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sotol" title="Sotol">Sotol</a></li></ul></li> <li>Dairy <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arkhi" title="Arkhi">Arkhi</a></li></ul></li> <li>Sugarcane or molasses <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aguardiente" title="Aguardiente">Aguardiente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cacha%C3%A7a" title="Cachaça">Cachaça</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clairin" title="Clairin">Clairin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desi_daru" title="Desi daru">Desi daru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guaro_(drink)" title="Guaro (drink)">Guaro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rum" title="Rum">Rum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seco_Herrerano" title="Seco Herrerano">Seco Herrerano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulai" title="Sulai">Sulai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sura_(alcoholic_drink)" title="Sura (alcoholic drink)">Sura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tharra" title="Tharra">Tharra</a></li></ul></li> <li>Various starches <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aguardiente" title="Aguardiente">Aguardiente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akvavit" title="Akvavit">Akvavit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangla_(drink)" title="Bangla (drink)">Bangla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horilka" title="Horilka">Horilka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poit%C3%ADn" title="Poitín">Poitín</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dch%C5%AB" title="Shōchū">Shōchū</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vodka" title="Vodka">Vodka</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Liqueurs_and_infused_distilled_drinks_by_ingredients" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Liqueur" title="Liqueur">Liqueurs</a> and infused distilled drinks by ingredients</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Almond <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amaretto" title="Amaretto">Amaretto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%A8me_de_Noyaux" title="Crème de Noyaux">Crème de Noyaux</a></li></ul></li> <li>Anise <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Absinthe" title="Absinthe">Absinthe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anisado" class="mw-redirect" title="Anisado">Anisado</a> <ul><li><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anisado_Mallorca" class="mw-redirect" title="Anisado Mallorca">Anisado Mallorca</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anisette" title="Anisette">Anisette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arak_(drink)" title="Arak (drink)">Arak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hierbas" title="Hierbas">Hierbas</a> <ul><li><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Herbs_de_Majorca" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbs de Majorca">Herbs de Majorca</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mastika" title="Mastika">Mastika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ouzo" title="Ouzo">Ouzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rak%C4%B1" title="Rakı">Rakı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sambuca" title="Sambuca">Sambuca</a></li></ul></li> <li>Beer <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bierlik%C3%B6r" title="Bierlikör">Bierlikör</a></li></ul></li> <li>Blackthorn shrub <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patxaran" title="Patxaran">Patxaran</a></li></ul></li> <li>Cherry <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cherry_Heering" title="Cherry Heering">Cherry Heering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maraschino" title="Maraschino">Maraschino</a></li></ul></li> <li>Chili peppers <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Horilka" title="Horilka">Pertsivka</a></li></ul></li> <li>Chocolate <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chocolate_liqueur" title="Chocolate liqueur">Chocolate liqueur</a></li></ul></li> <li>Cinnamon <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tentura" title="Tentura">Tentura</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubus_chamaemorus" title="Rubus chamaemorus">Cloudberry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lakka" title="Lakka">Lakka</a></li></ul></li> <li>Coconut <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malibu_Rum" class="mw-redirect" title="Malibu Rum">Malibu</a></li></ul></li> <li>Coffee <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kahl%C3%BAa" title="Kahlúa">Kahlúa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tia_Maria" title="Tia Maria">Tia Maria</a></li></ul></li> <li>Cream <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cream_liqueur" title="Cream liqueur">Cream liqueur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_cream" title="Irish cream">Irish cream</a></li></ul></li> <li>Egg <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advocaat" title="Advocaat">Advocaat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eggnog" title="Eggnog">Eggnog</a></li></ul></li> <li>Hazelnut <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frangelico" title="Frangelico">Frangelico</a></li></ul></li> <li>Herbs <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akvavit" title="Akvavit">Aquavit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9n%C3%A9dictine" title="Bénédictine">Bénédictine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brenniv%C3%ADn" title="Brennivín">Brennivín</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%A8me_de_menthe" title="Crème de menthe">Crème de menthe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metaxa" title="Metaxa">Metaxa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicum" title="Unicum">Unicum</a></li></ul></li> <li>Honey <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A4renfang" title="Bärenfang">Bärenjäger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drambuie" title="Drambuie">Drambuie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glayva" title="Glayva">Glayva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Mist" title="Irish Mist">Irish Mist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krupnik" title="Krupnik">Krupnik</a></li></ul></li> <li>Juniper <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Borovi%C4%8Dka" title="Borovička">Borovička</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gin" title="Gin">Gin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jenever" title="Jenever">Jenever</a></li></ul></li> <li>Mammee apple flower <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eau_cr%C3%A9ole" class="mw-redirect" title="Eau créole">Eau créole</a></li></ul></li> <li>Orange <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cointreau" title="Cointreau">Cointreau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao_(liqueur)" title="Curaçao (liqueur)">Curaçao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Marnier" title="Grand Marnier">Grand Marnier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triple_sec" title="Triple sec">Triple sec</a></li></ul></li> <li>Star anise <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pastis" title="Pastis">Pastis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sassolino" title="Sassolino">Sassolino</a></li></ul></li> <li>Sugarcane/molasses <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charanda" title="Charanda">Charanda</a></li></ul></li> <li>Vanilla <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Licor_43" title="Licor 43">Licor 43</a></li></ul></li> <li>Various fruits <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Campari" title="Campari">Campari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cedratine" title="Cedratine">Cedratine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%A8me_de_banane" title="Crème de banane">Crème de banane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%A8me_de_cassis" title="Crème de cassis">Crème de cassis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limoncello" title="Limoncello">Limoncello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schnapps" title="Schnapps">Schnapps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sloe_gin" title="Sloe gin">Sloe gin</a></li></ul></li> <li>Walnut <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nocino" title="Nocino">Nocino</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_alcoholic_drinks" title="List of alcoholic drinks">List</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Economy_of_Scotland" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Economy_of_Scotland" title="Template:Economy of Scotland"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Economy_of_Scotland" title="Template talk:Economy of Scotland"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Economy_of_Scotland" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Economy of Scotland"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Economy_of_Scotland" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Scotland" title="Economy of Scotland">Economy of Scotland</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Scotland" title="Economic history of Scotland">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Economy of the United Kingdom">Economy of the United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:centre">Companies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Scotland" title="List of companies of Scotland">List of companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State-owned_enterprises_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="State-owned enterprises of the United Kingdom">State-owned companies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:centre">Finance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Scotland" title="Taxation in Scotland">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_rates_in_Scotland" title="Business rates in Scotland">Business rates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Financial_Services_District" title="International Financial Services District">International Financial Services District</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:centre">Banking</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Scotland</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Scotland" title="Bank of Scotland">Bank of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Bank_of_Scotland" title="Royal Bank of Scotland">Royal Bank of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clydesdale_Bank" title="Clydesdale Bank">Clydesdale Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Banking in Scotland">Banking and finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_banks_in_Scotland" title="List of banks in Scotland">List of banks in Scotland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">UK-wide</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_England" title="Bank of England">Bank of England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Mint" title="Royal Mint">Royal Mint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_banks_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of banks in the United Kingdom">Other commercial banks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:centre">Policy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">UK-wide</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pound_sterling" title="Pound sterling">Currency</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banknotes_of_the_pound_sterling" title="Banknotes of the pound sterling">Banknotes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_England" title="Bank of England">Bank of England</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_the_Bank_of_England" title="Governor of the Bank of England">Governor of the Bank of England</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Taxation in the United Kingdom">UK-wide Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnett_formula" title="Barnett formula">Barnett formula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budget_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Budget of the United Kingdom">UK Budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_company_law" title="United Kingdom company law">Company law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Competition_and_Markets_Authority" title="Competition and Markets Authority">Competition and Markets Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_for_Business_and_Trade" title="Department for Business and Trade">Department for Business and Trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_Conduct_Authority" title="Financial Conduct Authority">Financial Conduct Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilt-edged_securities" title="Gilt-edged securities">Gilts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HM_Revenue_and_Customs" title="HM Revenue and Customs">HM Revenue and Customs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HM_Treasury" title="HM Treasury">HM Treasury</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Exchequer" title="Chancellor of the Exchequer">Chancellor of the Exchequer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debt_Management_Office_(United_Kingdom)" title="Debt Management Office (United Kingdom)">Debt Management Office</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monetary_Policy_Committee_(United_Kingdom)" title="Monetary Policy Committee (United Kingdom)">Monetary Policy Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_for_Budget_Responsibility" title="Office for Budget Responsibility">Office for Budget Responsibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_Statistics_Authority" title="UK Statistics Authority">UK Statistics Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_Trade_%26_Investment" title="UK Trade & Investment">UK Trade & Investment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Scotland-specific</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Government" title="Scottish Government">Scottish Government</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_Secretary_for_Finance_and_Local_Government" title="Cabinet Secretary for Finance and Local Government">Cabinet Secretary for Finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revenue_Scotland" title="Revenue Scotland">Revenue Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_Expenditure_and_Revenue_Scotland" title="Government Expenditure and Revenue Scotland">Government Expenditure and Revenue Scotland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Parliament" title="Scottish Parliament">Scottish Parliament</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Committees_of_the_Scottish_Parliament" title="Committees of the Scottish Parliament">Committees of the Scottish Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committees_of_the_Scottish_Parliament#Current_committees" title="Committees of the Scottish Parliament">Finance and Public Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committees_of_the_Scottish_Parliament#Current_committees" title="Committees of the Scottish Parliament">Public Audit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scots_law" title="Scots law">Scots law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_devolution" title="Scottish devolution">Scottish devolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audit_Scotland" title="Audit Scotland">Audit Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auditor_General_for_Scotland" title="Auditor General for Scotland">Auditor General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Enterprise" title="Scottish Enterprise">Scottish Enterprise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Council_for_Development_and_Industry" title="Scottish Council for Development and Industry">Scottish Council for Development and Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Economic_Advisers_(Scotland)" title="Council of Economic Advisers (Scotland)">Council of Economic Advisers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Economic_Advisers_(Scotland)" title="Council of Economic Advisers (Scotland)">Advisory Council for Economic Transformation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:centre">Localised</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Scotland" title="Tourism in Scotland">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Scotland" title="Transport in Scotland">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Aberdeen" title="Economy of Aberdeen">Aberdeen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Edinburgh" title="Economy of Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Glasgow" title="Economy of Glasgow">Glasgow</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:centre">People<br />and labour</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Scottish_billionaires" title="Category:Scottish billionaires">Billionaires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Scottish_businesspeople" title="Category:Scottish businesspeople">Businesspeople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Scottish_inventions_and_discoveries" title="List of Scottish inventions and discoveries">Inventors</a></li> <li>Business schools <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Smith_School_of_Economics_and_Finance" class="mw-redirect" title="Adam Smith School of Economics and Finance">Adam Smith School of Economics and Finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Business_School" title="Edinburgh Business School">Edinburgh Business School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glasgow_School_for_Business_and_Society" title="Glasgow School for Business and Society">Glasgow School for Business and Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strathclyde_Business_School" title="Strathclyde Business School">Strathclyde Business School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh_Business_School" title="University of Edinburgh Business School">University of Edinburgh Business School</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Scotland" title="Demographics of Scotland">Demography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_labour_law" title="United Kingdom labour law">UK Labour law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_employment_equality_law" title="United Kingdom employment equality law">UK equality law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Minimum_Wage_Act_1998" title="National Minimum Wage Act 1998">UK Minimum wage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pensions_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Pensions in the United Kingdom">Pensions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_unions_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Trade unions in the United Kingdom">Trades unions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Trades_Union_Congress" title="Scottish Trades Union Congress">Scottish Trades Union Congress</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unemployment_in_Scotland" title="Unemployment in Scotland">Unemployment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:centre">Sectors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Scottish_brands" title="Category:Scottish brands">Brands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Scottish_inventions_and_discoveries" title="List of Scottish inventions and discoveries">Innovations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Scotland" title="Renewable energy in Scotland">Renewable energy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ScottishPower" title="ScottishPower">ScottishPower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_Scotland" title="Energy policy of Scotland">Energy policy of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_Energy_Scotland" title="Local Energy Scotland">Local Energy Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wave_Energy_Scotland" title="Wave Energy Scotland">Wave Energy Scotland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_industry_in_Scotland" title="Oil industry in Scotland">Oil industry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Sea_oil" title="North Sea oil">North Sea oil</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_cuisine" title="Scottish cuisine">Food and drink</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_cuisine" title="Scottish cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Scotland" title="Beer in Scotland">Beer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Scotland" title="Water supply and sanitation in Scotland">Water supply and sanitation in Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Scotland" title="Agriculture in Scotland">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_Scotland" title="Fishing industry in Scotland">Fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Scotland#Heavy_industry" title="Economy of Scotland">Manufacturing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forestry_in_Scotland" title="Forestry in Scotland">Forestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Scotland" title="Education in Scotland">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotland#Science,_technology_and_energy" title="Scotland">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Scotland" title="Media of Scotland">Media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Scotland" title="Cinema of Scotland">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Scotland" title="Music of Scotland">Music</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Scotland" title="Healthcare in Scotland">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_in_Scotland" title="Housing in Scotland">Housing and construction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Scotland" title="Architecture of Scotland">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_supermarket_chains_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of supermarket chains in the United Kingdom">Supermarkets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silicon_Glen" title="Silicon Glen">Silicon Glen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Scotland" title="Tourism in Scotland">Tourism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/VisitScotland" title="VisitScotland">VisitScotland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Scotland" title="Transport in Scotland">Transport</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Scotch whisky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_industry_of_Scotland" title="Space industry of Scotland">Space industry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:centre">Theory</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Economic impacts <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom">COVID-19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_effects_of_Brexit" title="Economic effects of Brexit">Brexit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_recessions_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of recessions in the United Kingdom">Recessions</a></li></ul></li> <li>Economic proposals <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Full_fiscal_autonomy_for_Scotland_and_Wales" title="Full fiscal autonomy for Scotland and Wales">Full fiscal autonomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_independence#Fiscal_balance" title="Scottish independence">Full independence</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_dividend" title="Union dividend">Union dividend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Scottish_business_theorists" title="Category:Scottish business theorists">Theorists</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold"><div><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/48px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/64px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Scotland" title="Portal:Scotland">Scotland portal</a></b> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Economy_of_Scotland" title="Category:Economy of Scotland">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Economy_of_Scotland" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Economy of Scotland">Commons</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Tourism_in_Scotland" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Tourism_in_Scotland" title="Template:Tourism in Scotland"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Tourism_in_Scotland" title="Template talk:Tourism in Scotland"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Tourism_in_Scotland" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Tourism in Scotland"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Tourism_in_Scotland" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Scotland" title="Tourism in Scotland">Tourism in Scotland</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Scotland" title="Economy of Scotland">Economy of Scotland</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/VisitScotland" title="VisitScotland">VisitScotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_Environment_Scotland" title="Historic Environment Scotland">Historic Environment Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Trust_for_Scotland" title="National Trust for Scotland">National Trust for Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wild_Scotland" title="Wild Scotland">Wild Scotland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_tourist_attractions_in_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="List of tourist attractions in Scotland">Lists of attractions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Historic_Environment_Scotland_properties" title="List of Historic Environment Scotland properties">Historic Scotland properties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Trust_for_Scotland_properties" title="List of National Trust for Scotland properties">National Trust properties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Scotland" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Scotland">World Heritage Sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_castles_in_Scotland" title="List of castles in Scotland">Castles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_parks_of_Scotland" title="National parks of Scotland">National parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_scenic_area_(Scotland)" title="National scenic area (Scotland)">National scenic areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Country_parks_in_Scotland" title="Category:Country parks in Scotland">Country parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lochs_of_Scotland" title="List of lochs of Scotland">Lochs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Amusement_parks_in_Scotland" title="Category:Amusement parks in Scotland">Amusement parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_gardens_in_Scotland" title="List of gardens in Scotland">Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golf_in_Scotland" title="Golf in Scotland">Golf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monastic_houses_in_Scotland" title="List of monastic houses in Scotland">Monastic houses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_waterfalls_in_Scotland" title="List of waterfalls in Scotland">Waterfalls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_in_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="List of mountains in Scotland">Mountains</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest_mountains_in_Scotland" title="List of highest mountains in Scotland">highest</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Zoos_in_Scotland" title="Category:Zoos in Scotland">Zoos</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Scotch whisky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sports_venues_in_Scotland" title="Category:Sports venues in Scotland">Sports venues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Seaside_resorts_in_Scotland" title="Category:Seaside resorts in Scotland">Seaside resorts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_nature_reserves_in_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="National nature reserves in Scotland">National nature reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_theatres_in_Scotland" title="List of theatres in Scotland">Theatres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Scotland" title="List of museums in Scotland">Museums</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Scotland" title="Transport in Scotland">Transport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Airports_in_Scotland" title="Category:Airports in Scotland">Airports</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Scotland" title="Culture of Scotland">Culture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/48px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/64px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Scotland" title="Portal:Scotland">Scotland portal</a></b> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Tourism_in_Scotland" title="Category:Tourism in Scotland">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Tourism_in_Scotland" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Tourism in Scotland">Commons</a></b></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Scotland_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Scotland_topics" title="Template:Scotland topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Scotland_topics" title="Template talk:Scotland topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Scotland_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Scotland topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Scotland_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a> articles</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Scotland" title="Outline of Scotland">Outline of Scotland</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Scotland" title="History of Scotland">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Scottish_history" title="Timeline of Scottish history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Scotland" title="Prehistoric Scotland">Prehistoric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotland_during_the_Roman_Empire" title="Scotland during the Roman Empire">Roman times</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotland_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Scotland in the Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotland_in_the_Early_Middle_Ages" title="Scotland in the Early Middle Ages">Early Middle Ages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Scotland" title="Kingdom of Scotland">Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotland_in_the_High_Middle_Ages" title="Scotland in the High Middle Ages">High Middle Ages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davidian_Revolution" title="Davidian Revolution">Davidian Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wars_of_Scottish_Independence" title="Wars of Scottish Independence">Wars of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotland_in_the_Late_Middle_Ages" title="Scotland in the Late Middle Ages">Late Middle Ages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renaissance_in_Scotland" title="Renaissance in Scotland">Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotland_in_the_early_modern_period" title="Scotland in the early modern period">Early modern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Reformation" title="Scottish Reformation">Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="Scottish colonization of the Americas">Colonisation of the Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glorious_Revolution_in_Scotland" title="Glorious Revolution in Scotland">Glorious Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Union" title="Treaty of Union">Treaty of Union</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acts_of_Union_1707" title="Acts of Union 1707">1707 Acts of Union</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacobitism" title="Jacobitism">Jacobitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Enlightenment" title="Scottish Enlightenment">Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowland_Clearances" title="Lowland Clearances">Lowland Clearances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highland_Clearances" title="Highland Clearances">Highland Clearances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_Revolution_in_Scotland" title="Industrial Revolution in Scotland">Industrial Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanticism_in_Scotland" title="Romanticism in Scotland">Romanticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotland_in_the_modern_era" title="Scotland in the modern era">Modern</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Scotland" title="Geography of Scotland">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Scottish_border" title="Anglo-Scottish border">Anglo-Scottish border</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Belt" title="Central Belt">Central Belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Scotland" title="Climate of Scotland">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_in_Scotland" title="Conservation in Scotland">Conservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Scotland" title="Fauna of Scotland">Fauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Scotland" title="Flora of Scotland">Flora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Scotland" title="Geology of Scotland">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Highlands" title="Scottish Highlands">Highlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Scotland" title="List of islands of Scotland">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lochs_of_Scotland" title="List of lochs of Scotland">Lochs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Lowlands" title="Scottish Lowlands">Lowlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountains_and_hills_of_Scotland" title="Mountains and hills of Scotland">Mountains and hills</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest_mountains_in_Scotland" title="List of highest mountains in Scotland">Highest</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_Scotland" title="Protected areas of Scotland">Protected areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_waterfalls_in_Scotland" title="List of waterfalls in Scotland">Waterfalls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_valleys_of_Scotland" title="List of valleys of Scotland">Glens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ecoregions_in_Scotland" title="List of ecoregions in Scotland">Ecoregions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_biosphere_reserves_in_Scotland" title="List of biosphere reserves in Scotland">Biosphere reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environment_of_Scotland" title="Environment of Scotland">Environment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Scotland" title="Municipalities of Scotland">Municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Munro_mountains" title="List of Munro mountains">Munro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Scotland" title="Politics of Scotland">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Scotland">Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Scotland" title="Politics of Scotland">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Government" title="Scottish Government">Government</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Scottish_governments" title="List of Scottish governments">List of governments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_relations_of_Scotland" title="International relations of Scotland">International relations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_devolution" title="Scottish devolution">Devolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Scotland" title="Elections in Scotland">Elections</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_system_of_Scotland" title="Electoral system of Scotland">Electoral system</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Minister_of_Scotland" title="First Minister of Scotland">First Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keeper_of_the_Great_Seal_of_Scotland" title="Keeper of the Great Seal of Scotland">Keeper of the Great Seal of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deputy_First_Minister_of_Scotland" title="Deputy First Minister of Scotland">Deputy First Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Seal_of_Scotland" title="Great Seal of Scotland">Great Seal of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Human rights in Scotland">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Scotland">LGBT rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_independence" title="Scottish independence">Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Scotland" title="Local government in Scotland">Local government</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_local_government_in_Scotland" title="History of local government in Scotland">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cities_of_Scotland" title="Cities of Scotland">Cities</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_forces_in_Scotland" title="Armed forces in Scotland">Armed forces</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Scotland" title="Military history of Scotland">Military history</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Scottish_monarchs" title="List of Scottish monarchs">Monarchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_MPs_for_constituencies_in_Scotland" title="Lists of MPs for constituencies in Scotland">Members of Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Parliament" title="Scottish Parliament">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_Scottish_Parliament" title="Member of the Scottish Parliament">Member of the Scottish Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Scotland" title="List of political parties in Scotland">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_republicanism" title="Scottish republicanism">Republicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotland_Office" title="Scotland Office">Scotland Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Scotland" title="Secretary of State for Scotland">Secretary of State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_nationalism" title="Scottish nationalism">Nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unionism_in_Scotland" title="Unionism in Scotland">Unionism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Scots_law" title="Scots law">Law</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advocate_General_for_Scotland" title="Advocate General for Scotland">Advocate General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courts_of_Scotland" title="Courts of Scotland">Courts</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_courts_in_Scotland" title="List of courts in Scotland">List</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Courts_of_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Supreme Courts of Scotland">Supreme Courts of Scotland</a> (<a href="/wiki/Court_of_Session" title="Court of Session">Court of Session</a>, <a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_Justiciary" title="High Court of Justiciary">High Court of Justiciary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Accountant_of_Court" title="Office of the Accountant of Court">Office of the Accountant of Court</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Office_and_Procurator_Fiscal_Service" title="Crown Office and Procurator Fiscal Service">Crown Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Advocate" title="Lord Advocate">Lord Advocate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_President_of_the_Court_of_Session" title="Lord President of the Court of Session">Lord President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Procurator_fiscal" title="Procurator fiscal">Procurator fiscal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solicitor_General_for_Scotland" title="Solicitor General for Scotland">Solicitor General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheriff_principal" title="Sheriff principal">Sheriff principal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_of_Justice" title="College of Justice">College of Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scots_property_law" title="Scots property law">Scots property law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udal_law" title="Udal law">Udal law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prison_population_of_Scotland" title="Prison population of Scotland">Prison population</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_Scotland" title="Police Scotland">Police Scotland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Scotland" title="Economy of Scotland">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Scotland" title="Agriculture in Scotland">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Scotland" title="Bank of Scotland">Bank of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charities_in_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Charities in Scotland">Charities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Scotland" title="List of companies of Scotland">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_Scotland" title="Fishing industry in Scotland">Fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forestry_in_Scotland" title="Forestry in Scotland">Forestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harris_Tweed" class="mw-redirect" title="Harris Tweed">Harris Tweed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_in_Scotland" title="Housing in Scotland">Housing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Scotland" title="Media of Scotland">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_industry_in_Scotland" title="Oil industry in Scotland">Oil industry</a> (<a href="/wiki/North_Sea_oil" title="North Sea oil">North Sea oil</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_power_stations_in_Scotland" title="List of power stations in Scotland">Power stations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Scotland" title="Renewable energy in Scotland">Renewable energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Bank_of_Scotland" title="Royal Bank of Scotland">Royal Bank of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Scotland" title="Tourism in Scotland">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Scotland" title="Transport in Scotland">Transport</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Whisky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silicon_Glen" title="Silicon Glen">Silicon Glen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unemployment_in_Scotland" title="Unemployment in Scotland">Unemployment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_relations_of_Scotland" title="International relations of Scotland">International trade</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Scotland" title="Category:Society of Scotland">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group 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Mòd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Scotland" title="Sport in Scotland">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_surnames" title="Scottish surnames">Surnames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Scotland" title="National symbols of Scotland">Symbols</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_anthem_of_Scotland" title="National anthem of Scotland">anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_coat_of_arms_of_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal coat of arms of Scotland">coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Scottish_flags" title="List of Scottish flags">flags</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Scotland" title="Flag of Scotland">national flag</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tartan" title="Tartan">tartan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Regimental_tartan" title="Regimental tartan">regimental</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicorn#Scotland" title="Unicorn">unicorn</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Scotland" title="List of 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href="/wiki/Highland_English" title="Highland English">Highland English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_English" title="Scottish English">Scottish English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic" title="Scottish Gaelic">Scottish Gaelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scots_language" title="Scots language">Scots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Sign_Language" title="British Sign Language">British Sign Language</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Scottish_people" title="Scottish people">People</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Scots" title="List of Scots">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Scottish_actors" title="List of Scottish actors">Actors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Scottish_artists" title="List of Scottish 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108.780 1 Template:Scottish_Distilleries"," 6.33% 108.761 1 Template:Country_topics"," 6.21% 106.761 2 Template:Langx"," 5.32% 91.371 17 Template:Cite_book"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.933","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":21424642,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFAlmeida2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBender2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBoothroydLinforthJackCook2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBuxtonHughes2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDevine1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDickie2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHansell2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHenley2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFInman2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJackson2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJewell2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKoutsakis\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLeePatersonPiggottRichardson2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLockhart2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMacLean2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMacLean2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcDougallSmith2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMitchell2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPowell2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRanahan2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFScotch_Whisky_Association2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFScotch_Whisky_Regulations2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShapira2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSimpsonWeiner1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmith2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmith2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmithHughesBadu-TawiahEccles2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSparks2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStewartO\u0026#039;Carroll2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTownsend2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTran2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVosloo2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilson2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWishart2006\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 6,\n [\"'\\\"\"] = 1,\n [\"Age in years, months, weeks and days\"] = 1,\n [\"Alcoholic beverages\"] = 1,\n [\"As of\"] = 2,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Blockquote\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 17,\n [\"Cite encyclopedia\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 3,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 10,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 64,\n [\"Commons\"] = 1,\n [\"Convert\"] = 1,\n [\"DEFAULTSORT:Scotch Whisky\"] = 1,\n [\"Economy of Scotland\"] = 1,\n [\"IPA\"] = 2,\n [\"IPAc-en\"] = 1,\n [\"ISBN\"] = 4,\n [\"Infobox beverage\"] = 1,\n [\"Lang\"] = 1,\n [\"Langx\"] = 2,\n [\"Main\"] = 1,\n [\"OEtymD\"] = 1,\n [\"Portal bar\"] = 1,\n [\"R\"] = 2,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 2,\n [\"Refend\"] = 2,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Rp\"] = 1,\n [\"Scotland topics\"] = 1,\n [\"Scottish Distilleries\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 27,\n [\"SfnRef\"] = 2,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Tourism in Scotland\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Whisky\"] = 1,\n [\"Wikt-lang\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\ntable#1 {\n}\ntable#1 {\n}\ntable#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-7fc47fc68d-zntfb","timestamp":"20241128193336","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Scotch whisky","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Scotch_whisky","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q382947","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q382947","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2001-05-16T13:04:01Z","dateModified":"2024-11-28T17:32:35Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/0\/00\/Bowmore_whisky_12_years.JPG","headline":"malt or grain whisky (or a blend of the two), made in Scotland in a manner specified by law"}</script> </body> </html>